1
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Yang J, Chen Y, Zhang X, Tong Z, Weng S, Zhu N, Yuan Y. Immunotherapy may be more appropriate for ERBB2 low-expressing extramammary paget's disease patients: a prognosis analysis and exploration of targeted therapy and immunotherapy of extramammary paget's disease patients. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2024; 73:252. [PMID: 39358617 PMCID: PMC11447174 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-024-03846-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2024] [Accepted: 09/23/2024] [Indexed: 10/04/2024]
Abstract
Extramammary Paget's disease (EMPD) is a rare cutaneous malignancy characterized by its uncertain etiology and metastatic potential. Surgery remains the first-line clinical treatment for EMPD, but the efficacy of radiotherapy and chemotherapy remains to be fully evaluated, and new therapies for EMPD are urgently needed. In this study, we initially screened 815 EMPD patients in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database and analyzed their clinical features and prognostic factors. Using the dataset from the Genome Sequence Archive (GSA) database, we subsequently conducted weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA), gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), gene set variation analysis (GSVA), and immune infiltration analyses, grouping the samples based on EMPD disease status and the levels of ERBB2 expression. The prognostic analysis based on the SEER database identified increased age at diagnosis, distant metastasis, and receipt of radiotherapy as independent risk factors for EMPD. Moreover, our results indicated that patients who received chemotherapy had worse prognoses than those who did not, highlighting the urgent need for novel treatment approaches for EMPD. Functional analysis of the GSA-derived dataset revealed that EMPD tissues were significantly enriched in immune-related pathways compared with normal skin tissues. Compared with those with high ERBB2 expression, tissues with low ERBB2 expression displayed greater immunogenicity and enrichment of immune pathways, particularly those related to B cells. These findings suggest that patients with low ERBB2 expression are likely to benefit from immunotherapy, especially B-cell-related immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawen Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Cancer Institute, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yurong Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Medical Oncology, Zhuji People's Hospital of Zhejiang province, Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiuyuan Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Cancer Institute, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ziyan Tong
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Cancer Institute, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shanshan Weng
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Cancer Institute, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ning Zhu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
- Cancer Institute, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Ying Yuan
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
- Cancer Institute, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for CANCER, Hangzhou, China.
- Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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2
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Yu S, Wu R, Si Y, Fan Z, Wang Y, Yao C, Sun R, Xue Y, Chen Y, Wang Z, Dong S, Wang N, Ling X, Liang Z, Bi C, Yang Y, Dong W, Sun H. Alternative splicing of ALDOA confers tamoxifen resistance in breast cancer. Oncogene 2024; 43:2901-2913. [PMID: 39164523 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-024-03134-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 08/09/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024]
Abstract
The cancer-associated alternative splicing (AS) events generate cancer-related transcripts which are involved in uncontrolled cell proliferation and drug resistance. However, the key AS variants implicated in tamoxifen (TAM) resistance in breast cancer remain elusive. In the current study, we investigated the landscape of AS events in nine pairs of primary and relapse breast tumors from patients receiving TAM-based therapy. We unrevealed a notable association between the inclusion of exon 7.2 in the 5'untranslated region (5'UTR) of ALDOA mRNA and TAM resistance. Mechanistically, the inclusion of ALDOA exon 7.2 enhances the translation efficiency of the transcript, resulting in increased ALDOA protein expression, mTOR pathway activity, and the promotion of TAM resistance in breast cancer cells. Moreover, the inclusion of exon 7.2 in ALDOA mRNA is mediated by MSI1 via direct interaction. In addition, elevated inclusion of ALDOA exon 7.2 or expression of MSI1 is associated with an unfavorable prognosis in patients undergoing endocrine therapy. Notably, treatment with Aldometanib, an ALDOA inhibitor, effectively restrains the growth of TAM-resistant breast cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. The present study unveils the pivotal role of an AS event in ALDOA, under the regulation of MSI1, in driving TAM resistance in breast cancer. Therefore, this study provides a promising therapeutic avenue targeting ALDOA to combat TAM resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyi Yu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Experimental & Translational Non-Coding RNA Research, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Rui Wu
- School of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
| | - Yue Si
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Experimental & Translational Non-Coding RNA Research, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Zhehao Fan
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Experimental & Translational Non-Coding RNA Research, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Chang Yao
- The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Rongmao Sun
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yaji Xue
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Experimental & Translational Non-Coding RNA Research, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yongli Chen
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Experimental & Translational Non-Coding RNA Research, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Shuangshuang Dong
- Department of Pathology, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University/Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Experimental & Translational Non-Coding RNA Research, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xinyue Ling
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Experimental & Translational Non-Coding RNA Research, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Zhengyan Liang
- School of Basic Medical Science, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Caili Bi
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Experimental & Translational Non-Coding RNA Research, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Experimental & Translational Non-Coding RNA Research, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.
| | - Weibing Dong
- School of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China.
| | - Haibo Sun
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Experimental & Translational Non-Coding RNA Research, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.
- Haian Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Haian, China.
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3
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Deng M, Odhiambo WO, Qin M, To TT, Brewer GM, Kheshvadjian AR, Cheng C, Agak GW. Analysis of intracellular communication reveals consistent gene changes associated with early-stage acne skin. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:400. [PMID: 39143467 PMCID: PMC11325718 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01725-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
A comprehensive understanding of the intricate cellular and molecular changes governing the complex interactions between cells within acne lesions is currently lacking. Herein, we analyzed early papules from six subjects with active acne vulgaris, utilizing single-cell and high-resolution spatial RNA sequencing. We observed significant changes in signaling pathways across seven different cell types when comparing lesional skin samples (LSS) to healthy skin samples (HSS). Using CellChat, we constructed an atlas of signaling pathways for the HSS, identifying key signal distributions and cell-specific genes within individual clusters. Further, our comparative analysis revealed changes in 49 signaling pathways across all cell clusters in the LSS- 4 exhibited decreased activity, whereas 45 were upregulated, suggesting that acne significantly alters cellular dynamics. We identified ten molecules, including GRN, IL-13RA1 and SDC1 that were consistently altered in all donors. Subsequently, we focused on the function of GRN and IL-13RA1 in TREM2 macrophages and keratinocytes as these cells participate in inflammation and hyperkeratinization in the early stages of acne development. We evaluated their function in TREM2 macrophages and the HaCaT cell line. We found that GRN increased the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, including IL-18, CCL5, and CXCL2 in TREM2 macrophages. Additionally, the activation of IL-13RA1 by IL-13 in HaCaT cells promoted the dysregulation of genes associated with hyperkeratinization, including KRT17, KRT16, and FLG. These findings suggest that modulating the GRN-SORT1 and IL-13-IL-13RA1 signaling pathways could be a promising approach for developing new acne treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Deng
- Division of Dermatology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Woodvine O Odhiambo
- Division of Dermatology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Min Qin
- Division of Dermatology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Thao Tam To
- Division of Dermatology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Gregory M Brewer
- Division of Dermatology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Alexander R Kheshvadjian
- Division of Dermatology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Carol Cheng
- Division of Dermatology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - George W Agak
- Division of Dermatology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
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4
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Kobayashi Y, Nakamura Y, Tahara U, Nakamura K, Nakanishi K, Miyagawa A, Horikawa H, Kobayashi K, Funakoshi T, Sugano K, Ushiama M, Yoshida T, Inazumi T. Identification of a rare MET variant in three siblings with extramammary Paget disease. Clin Exp Dermatol 2024; 49:882-886. [PMID: 38499767 DOI: 10.1093/ced/llae081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Extramammary Paget disease (EMPD) is an intraepithelial adenocarcinoma that primarily affects the genital and axillary areas in older individuals. A limited number of paired patients with familial EMPD (i.e. parent-offspring, siblings) have been reported but the genetics have not yet been adequately studied. We report, to the best of our knowledge, the first familial cases of patients with EMPD involving three affected siblings. The tumour-only multigene panel testing using surgical specimens revealed a heterozygous c.2997A>C (p.Glu999Asp) nonsynonymous variant in the proto-oncogene MET (NM_000245.4) in the three affected siblings. The germline multigene panel testing using peripheral blood lymphocytes revealed the same missense MET variant in all five family members who were tested, including two asymptomatic offspring (51 and 37 years of age). The MET variant we identified could be involved in EMPD carcinogenesis. Further genomic analyses of patients with familial EMPD are warranted to validate the pathogenic relevance of MET variants in EMPD development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Kobayashi
- Department of Dermatology, Tachikawa Hospital, Federation of National Public Service Personnel Mutual Aid Associations, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Dermatology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshio Nakamura
- Department of Dermatology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Umi Tahara
- Department of Dermatology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kohei Nakamura
- Genomics Unit, Keio Cancer Center, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kuniaki Nakanishi
- Department of Pathology, Tachikawa Hospital, Federation of National Public Service Personnel Mutual Aid Associations, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihiro Miyagawa
- Department of Dermatology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroto Horikawa
- Department of Dermatology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenta Kobayashi
- Department of Dermatology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeru Funakoshi
- Department of Dermatology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kokichi Sugano
- Center for Medical Genetics, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Sasaki Foundation, Kyoundo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Services, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mineko Ushiama
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Services, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Teruhiko Yoshida
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Services, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toyoko Inazumi
- Department of Dermatology, Tachikawa Hospital, Federation of National Public Service Personnel Mutual Aid Associations, Tokyo, Japan
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5
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Scott-Emuakpor R, Reza-Soltani S, Altaf S, Nr K, Kołodziej F, Sil-Zavaleta S, Nalla M, Ullah MN, Qureshi MR, Ahmadi Y, Rezvani A, Siddiqui HF. Mammary Paget's Disease Mimicking Benign and Malignant Dermatological Conditions: Clinical Challenges and Diagnostic Considerations. Cureus 2024; 16:e65378. [PMID: 39188449 PMCID: PMC11346752 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.65378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Mammary Paget's disease (MPD) or Paget's disease of the breast is a rare dermatological malignancy of the nipple-areolar complex that manifests with a spectrum of symptoms spanning from itching and redness to more severe indications such as breast lump, nipple-areolar complex destruction, or nipple discharge. It is predominantly associated with an underlying ductal carcinoma in situ or invasive ductal carcinoma. MPD often masquerades as other benign and malignant dermatological conditions, including eczema, atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, and squamous and basal cell carcinomas, leading to delayed diagnosis and inappropriate treatment. Only one-third of the patients present with a palpable lump; therefore, advanced age with chronic and unilateral lesions should raise concern for MPD. Our review article presents case reports of MPD imitating other skin conditions and underscores the key findings of clinical features and diagnostic workup to help differentiate the condition. A literature review revealed that studies emphasize caution regarding the sole use of mammography and ultrasound in diagnosing MPD, particularly in cases lacking a palpable lump. This highlights the MRI as a superior and more accurate imaging tool. However, any suspicious lesion must be biopsied to allow histopathological and immunohistochemical examination, since there are some cases where MRI findings were negative in the presence of a biopsy-proven MPD. This highlights the need for clinicians to investigate any suspicious lesion of the nipple or breast using the complete triple assessment approach to exclude an underlying malignancy. It is imperative to establish therapeutic guidelines to approach any nipple lesion to minimize the risk of misdiagnosing any underlying cancer, which can be potentially fatal if left alone.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Setareh Reza-Soltani
- Advanced Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Center (ADIR), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IRN
| | - Sana Altaf
- Internal Medicine, Deccan College of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, IND
| | - Kaushik Nr
- General Medicine, Rajiv Gandhi Government General Hospital, Chennai, IND
| | | | - Susana Sil-Zavaleta
- Dermatology, Universidad Anahuac, México City, MEX
- Dermatology, Hospital Ángeles del Pedregal, México City, MEX
| | - Monica Nalla
- Surgery, Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences, Bengaluru, IND
| | | | | | - Yasmin Ahmadi
- Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland - Medical University of Bahrain, Muharraq, BHR
| | - Ali Rezvani
- Anesthesiology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, USA
| | - Humza F Siddiqui
- Internal Medicine, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi, PAK
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6
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Sol S, Boncimino F, Todorova K, Waszyn SE, Mandinova A. Therapeutic Approaches for Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer: Standard of Care and Emerging Modalities. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7056. [PMID: 39000164 PMCID: PMC11241167 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Skin cancer encompasses a range of cutaneous malignancies, with non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSCs) being the most common neoplasm worldwide. Skin exposure is the leading risk factor for initiating NMSC. Ultraviolet (UV) light induces various genomic aberrations in both tumor-promoting and tumor-suppressing genes in epidermal cells. In conjunction with interactions with a changed stromal microenvironment and local immune suppression, these aberrations contribute to the occurrence and expansion of cancerous lesions. Surgical excision is still the most common treatment for these lesions; however, locally advanced or metastatic disease significantly increases the chances of morbidity or death. In recent years, numerous pharmacological targets were found through extensive research on the pathogenic mechanisms of NMSCs, leading to the development of novel treatments including Hedgehog pathway inhibitors for advanced and metastatic basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors for locally advanced cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) and Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC). Despite the efficacy of these new drugs, drug resistance and tolerability issues often arise with long-term treatment. Ongoing studies aim to identify alternative strategies with reduced adverse effects and increased tolerability. This review summarizes the current and emerging therapies used to treat NMSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Sol
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Fabiana Boncimino
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Kristina Todorova
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | | | - Anna Mandinova
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, 7 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
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7
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Deng M, Odhiambo WO, Qin M, To TT, Brewer GM, Kheshvadjian AR, Cheng C, Agak GW. Analysis of Intracellular Communication Reveals Consistent Gene Changes Associated with Early-Stage Acne Skin. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-4402048. [PMID: 38854033 PMCID: PMC11160929 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4402048/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
A comprehensive understanding of the intricate cellular and molecular changes governing the complex interactions between cells within acne lesions is currently lacking. Herein, we analyzed early papules from six subjects with active acne vulgaris, utilizing single-cell and high-resolution spatial RNA sequencing. We observed significant changes in signaling pathways across seven different cell types when comparing lesional skin samples (LSS) to healthy skin samples (HSS). Using CellChat, we constructed an atlas of signaling pathways for the HSS, identifying key signal distributions and cell-specific genes within individual clusters. Further, our comparative analysis revealed changes in 49 signaling pathways across all cell clusters in the LSS- 4 exhibited decreased activity, whereas 45 were upregulated, suggesting that acne significantly alters cellular dynamics. We identified ten molecules, including GRN, IL-13RA1 and SDC1 that were consistently altered in all donors. Subsequently, we focused on the function of GRN and IL-13RA1 in TREM2 macrophages and keratinocytes as these cells participate in inflammation and hyperkeratinization in the early stages of acne development. We evaluated their function in TREM2 macrophages and the HaCaT cell line. We found that GRN increased the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, including IL-18, CCL5, and CXCL2 in TREM2 macrophages. Additionally, the activation of IL-13RA1 by IL-13 in HaCaT cells promoted the dysregulation of genes associated with hyperkeratinization, including KRT17, KRT16, and FLG. These findings suggest that modulating the GRN-SORT1 and IL-13-IL-13RA1 signaling pathways could be a promising approach for developing new acne treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Min Qin
- University of California (UCLA)
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8
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Jiang L, Xu X, Yan G, Wu Y, Xi N, Lai Y, Zhang G, Liu Y. Untargeted metabolomics yields insight into extramammary Paget's disease mechanisms. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1319819. [PMID: 38347841 PMCID: PMC10859479 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1319819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Extramammary Paget's disease (EMPD) is a rare cutaneous malignancy, commonly affecting the external genitalia and perianal area of the elderly with unclear pathogenesis. Metabolomics provides a novel perspective for uncovering the metabolic mechanisms of a verity of cancers. Materials and methods Here, we explored the metabolome of EMPD using an untargeted strategy. In order to further investigate the potential relationship between metabolites and gene expression, we re-analyzed the gene expression microarray data (GSE117285) using differential expression analysis and functional enrichment analyses. Results Results showed that a total of 896 metabolites were identified and 87 metabolites including 37 upregulated and 50 downregulated significantly in EMPD were sought out. In the following feature selection analyses, four metabolites, namely, cyclopentyl fentanyl-d5, LPI 17:0, guanosine-3',5'-cyclic monophosphate, kynurenine (KYN, high in EMPD) were identified by both random forest and support vector machine analyses. We then identified 1,079 dysfunctional genes: 646 upregulated and 433 downregulated in EMPD. Specifically, the tryptophan-degrading enzyme including indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase-1 (IDO1) and tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO2) were also increased. Generally, cancers exhibit a high expression of IDO1 and TDO2 to catabolize tryptophan, generating abundant KYN. Moreover, we also noticed the abnormal activation of sustaining proliferative signaling in EMPD. Conclusion In conclusion, this study was the first to reveal the metabolome profile of EMPD. Our results demonstrate that IDO1/TDO2-initialized KYN metabolic pathway may play a vital role in the development and progression of EMPD, which may serve as a potential therapeutic target for treating EMPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Jiang
- Department of Dermatologic Surgery, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Skin Cancer Center, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoxiang Xu
- Skin Cancer Center, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guorong Yan
- Skin Cancer Center, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Phototherapy, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Photomedicine, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuhao Wu
- Skin Cancer Center, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Phototherapy, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Photomedicine, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ningyuan Xi
- Skin Cancer Center, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongxian Lai
- Department of Dermatologic Surgery, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Skin Cancer Center, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guolong Zhang
- Skin Cancer Center, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Phototherapy, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Photomedicine, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yeqiang Liu
- Skin Cancer Center, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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9
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Zeng Q, Chen C, Chen D, Zhang G, Wang X. Non-Surgical Therapeutic Strategies for Non-Melanoma Skin Cancers. Curr Treat Options Oncol 2023; 24:1978-1993. [PMID: 38095778 DOI: 10.1007/s11864-023-01154-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
OPINION STATEMENT Non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) is a globally prevalent skin disease, with basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma accounting for 99% of NMSC cases. While surgical excision is the most common approach, numerous non-surgical therapies have rapidly advanced in recent years. In cases of low-risk NMSC, alongside surgical excision, priority should be given to physical therapy and photodynamic therapy. Physical therapy modalities, exemplified by electrodessication and curettage, emerge as safe and efficacious alternatives. In juxtaposition, photodynamic therapy, albeit relatively more costly, assumes preference for patients exhibiting heightened cosmetic concerns owing to the scarring risks inherent to physical therapy and surgical excision. Notably, the combination of curettage and photodynamic therapy has exhibited remarkable efficacy in the treatment of nodular basal cell carcinoma. Additionally, for elderly patients who may be intolerant to stimulation, modified photodynamic therapy offers an almost painless option. When surgery is unavoidable, photodynamic therapy can be a valuable adjunct, allowing for a more conservative surgical approach, either before or after the procedure. Radiotherapy holds a prominent role in comprehensive treatment strategies, especially for patients ineligible for surgical intervention or those with lesions precluding further surgical measures. In cases of NMSC exhibiting perineural invasion or lymphovascular involvement, adjunctive radiotherapy is advised; however, potential adverse effects necessitate careful consideration. For advanced NMSC cases where surgery and physical therapy fall short, immunotherapy provide viable solutions. Systemic therapy employing Hedgehog pathway inhibitors can be considered for patients with distant metastatic basal cell carcinoma, despite its low incidence, or individuals with locally advanced lesions who are not surgical candidates, or those encountering recurrences after resection and radiotherapy. However, close monitoring of disease progression and adverse reactions is crucial. In this evolving landscape of NMSC treatment, personalized and multidisciplinary approaches are key, ensuring optimal outcomes while prioritizing patient safety and satisfaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyu Zeng
- Institute of Photomedicine, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Chengqian Chen
- Institute of Photomedicine, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Diyan Chen
- Institute of Photomedicine, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Guolong Zhang
- Institute of Photomedicine, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200040, China.
| | - Xiuli Wang
- Institute of Photomedicine, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200040, China.
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Kang Z, Jiang L, Chen D, Yan G, Zhang G, Lai Y, Zeng Q, Wang X. Whole genome methylation sequencing reveals epigenetic landscape and abnormal expression of FABP5 in extramammary Paget's disease. Skin Res Technol 2023; 29:e13497. [PMID: 37881057 PMCID: PMC10579628 DOI: 10.1111/srt.13497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extramammary Paget's disease (EMPD) is a rare cutaneous malignant tumor with a high recurrence rate after surgery. However, the genetic and epigenetic alterations underlying its pathogenesis remain unknown. DNA methylation is an important epigenetic modification involved in many biological processes. METHODS In this study, enzymatic methyl-sequencing (EM-seq) technique was used to investigate the landscape of genome-wide DNA methylation from three pairs of tumor tissues and adjacent tissues of patients with EMPD. Additionally, we conducted histopathological examinations to assess the expression of fatty acid-binding protein 5 (FABP5) in another three paired samples from EMPD patients. RESULTS The cluster analysis showed the good quality of the samples. A differential methylation region (DMR) heat map was used to quantitatively characterize genome-wide methylation differences between tumors and controls. Global DNA methylation level is lower in EMPD tissue compared to matched controls, indicating that DNA methylation discriminates between tumor and normal skin. And the top hypomethylation gene on the promoter region in tumor tissues was FABP5 on chromosome 8 with 38.44% decreased median methylation. We next identified the expression of FABP5 in paired tumors and adjacent tissues in three additional patients with EMPD. Immunofluorescence results showed FABP5 highly expressed in tumor tissues and co-located with CK7, CK20 and EMA. GO and KEGG enrichment analysis showed DMR genes on promoter are mainly enriched in the calcium ion transport, GTPase mediated signal transduction, Rap1 signaling pathway and GnRH signaling pathway. CONCLUSION Taken together, our findings provide the first description of the whole genome methylation map of EMPD and identify FABP5 as a pathogenic target of EMPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwei Kang
- Institute of PhotomedicineShanghai Skin Disease HospitalSchool of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghaiChina
- Skin Cancer CenterShanghai Skin Disease HospitalSchool of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Long Jiang
- Skin Cancer CenterShanghai Skin Disease HospitalSchool of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Diyan Chen
- Institute of PhotomedicineShanghai Skin Disease HospitalSchool of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghaiChina
- Skin Cancer CenterShanghai Skin Disease HospitalSchool of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Guorong Yan
- Institute of PhotomedicineShanghai Skin Disease HospitalSchool of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghaiChina
- Skin Cancer CenterShanghai Skin Disease HospitalSchool of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Guolong Zhang
- Institute of PhotomedicineShanghai Skin Disease HospitalSchool of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghaiChina
- Skin Cancer CenterShanghai Skin Disease HospitalSchool of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Yongxian Lai
- Skin Cancer CenterShanghai Skin Disease HospitalSchool of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Qingyu Zeng
- Institute of PhotomedicineShanghai Skin Disease HospitalSchool of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghaiChina
- Skin Cancer CenterShanghai Skin Disease HospitalSchool of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Xiuli Wang
- Institute of PhotomedicineShanghai Skin Disease HospitalSchool of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghaiChina
- Skin Cancer CenterShanghai Skin Disease HospitalSchool of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghaiChina
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11
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He T, Guo W, Yang G, Su H, Dou A, Chen L, Ma T, Su J, Liu M, Su B, Qi W, Li H, Mao W, Wang X, Li X, Yang Y, Song Y, Cao G. A Single-Cell Atlas of an Early Mongolian Sheep Embryo. Vet Sci 2023; 10:543. [PMID: 37756065 PMCID: PMC10536297 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10090543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell types have been established during organogenesis based on early mouse embryos. However, our understanding of cell types and molecular mechanisms in the early embryo development of Mongolian sheep has been hampered. This study presents the first comprehensive single-cell transcriptomic characterization at E16 in Ujumqin sheep and Hulunbuir short-tailed sheep. Thirteen major cell types were identified at E16 in Ujumqin sheep, and eight major cell types were identified at E16 in Hulunbuir short-tailed sheep. Function enrichment analysis showed that several pathways were significantly enriched in the TGF-beta signaling pathway, the Hippo signaling pathway, the platelet activation pathway, the riboflavin metabolism pathway, the Wnt signaling pathway, regulation of the actin cytoskeleton, and the insulin signaling pathway in the notochord cluster. Glutathione metabolism, glyoxylate, and dicarboxylate metabolism, the citrate cycle, thyroid hormone synthesis, pyruvate metabolism, cysteine and methionine metabolism, thermogenesis, and the VEGF signaling pathway were significantly enriched in the spinal cord cluster. Steroid biosynthesis, riboflavin metabolism, the cell cycle, the Hippo signaling pathway, the Hedgehog signaling pathway, the FoxO signaling pathway, the JAK-STAT signaling pathway, and the Wnt signaling pathway were significantly enriched in the paraxial mesoderm cluster. The notochord cluster, spinal cord cluster, and paraxial mesoderm cluster were found to be highly associated with tail development. Pseudo-time analysis demonstrated that the mesenchyme can translate to the notochord in Ujumqin sheep. Molecular assays revealed that the Hippo signaling pathway was enriched in Ujumqin sheep. This comprehensive single-cell map revealed previously unrecognized signaling pathways that will further our understanding of the mechanism of short-tailed sheep formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingyi He
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Basic Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo, and Development Engineering Autonomous Region, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China; (T.H.); (W.G.); (H.S.); (A.D.); (L.C.); (T.M.); (M.L.); (B.S.); (W.Q.); (H.L.); (W.M.); (X.W.)
- Institute of Animal Husbandry, Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Huhhot 010031, China
| | - Wenrui Guo
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Basic Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo, and Development Engineering Autonomous Region, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China; (T.H.); (W.G.); (H.S.); (A.D.); (L.C.); (T.M.); (M.L.); (B.S.); (W.Q.); (H.L.); (W.M.); (X.W.)
| | - Guang Yang
- The State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010020, China; (G.Y.); (X.L.)
- Research Center for Animal Genetic Resources of Mongolia Plateau, College of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010020, China
| | - Hong Su
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Basic Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo, and Development Engineering Autonomous Region, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China; (T.H.); (W.G.); (H.S.); (A.D.); (L.C.); (T.M.); (M.L.); (B.S.); (W.Q.); (H.L.); (W.M.); (X.W.)
| | - Aolei Dou
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Basic Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo, and Development Engineering Autonomous Region, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China; (T.H.); (W.G.); (H.S.); (A.D.); (L.C.); (T.M.); (M.L.); (B.S.); (W.Q.); (H.L.); (W.M.); (X.W.)
| | - Lu Chen
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Basic Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo, and Development Engineering Autonomous Region, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China; (T.H.); (W.G.); (H.S.); (A.D.); (L.C.); (T.M.); (M.L.); (B.S.); (W.Q.); (H.L.); (W.M.); (X.W.)
| | - Teng Ma
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Basic Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo, and Development Engineering Autonomous Region, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China; (T.H.); (W.G.); (H.S.); (A.D.); (L.C.); (T.M.); (M.L.); (B.S.); (W.Q.); (H.L.); (W.M.); (X.W.)
| | - Jie Su
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Huhhot 010030, China;
| | - Moning Liu
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Basic Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo, and Development Engineering Autonomous Region, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China; (T.H.); (W.G.); (H.S.); (A.D.); (L.C.); (T.M.); (M.L.); (B.S.); (W.Q.); (H.L.); (W.M.); (X.W.)
| | - Budeng Su
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Basic Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo, and Development Engineering Autonomous Region, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China; (T.H.); (W.G.); (H.S.); (A.D.); (L.C.); (T.M.); (M.L.); (B.S.); (W.Q.); (H.L.); (W.M.); (X.W.)
| | - Wangmei Qi
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Basic Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo, and Development Engineering Autonomous Region, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China; (T.H.); (W.G.); (H.S.); (A.D.); (L.C.); (T.M.); (M.L.); (B.S.); (W.Q.); (H.L.); (W.M.); (X.W.)
| | - Haijun Li
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Basic Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo, and Development Engineering Autonomous Region, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China; (T.H.); (W.G.); (H.S.); (A.D.); (L.C.); (T.M.); (M.L.); (B.S.); (W.Q.); (H.L.); (W.M.); (X.W.)
| | - Wei Mao
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Basic Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo, and Development Engineering Autonomous Region, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China; (T.H.); (W.G.); (H.S.); (A.D.); (L.C.); (T.M.); (M.L.); (B.S.); (W.Q.); (H.L.); (W.M.); (X.W.)
| | - Xiumei Wang
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Basic Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo, and Development Engineering Autonomous Region, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China; (T.H.); (W.G.); (H.S.); (A.D.); (L.C.); (T.M.); (M.L.); (B.S.); (W.Q.); (H.L.); (W.M.); (X.W.)
| | - Xihe Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010020, China; (G.Y.); (X.L.)
- Research Center for Animal Genetic Resources of Mongolia Plateau, College of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010020, China
| | - Yanyan Yang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry, Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Huhhot 010031, China
| | - Yongli Song
- The State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010020, China; (G.Y.); (X.L.)
- Research Center for Animal Genetic Resources of Mongolia Plateau, College of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010020, China
| | - Guifang Cao
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Basic Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo, and Development Engineering Autonomous Region, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China; (T.H.); (W.G.); (H.S.); (A.D.); (L.C.); (T.M.); (M.L.); (B.S.); (W.Q.); (H.L.); (W.M.); (X.W.)
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12
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Wu Y, Sun S, Huang Y, Xiao M, Zhao X, Lu X, Xia B, Qiao K, Zhang S, Wu Q, Xiong J, Cheng S, Song Y. Correlation analysis between androgen receptor and the clinicopathological features and prognosis of mammary Paget's disease. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023; 149:1175-1184. [PMID: 35364707 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-022-03988-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Little is known about the prognostic value of androgen receptor (AR) status in mammary Paget's disease (MPD). The purpose of this study was to explore AR status and the distribution of molecular subtypes in MPD as well as the relationship between AR expression and clinicopathological factors and to evaluate its prognostic value. METHODS We analyzed 170 MPD patients of varying subtypes. AR expression was verified by immunohistochemical staining, and the correlations between AR expression and clinicopathological characteristics and survival status were analyzed. We further investigated 91 MPD patients with invasive ductal carcinoma (MPD-IDC). RESULTS AR was expressed in 55.3% of overall MPD patients, and 78.2% had the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) overexpression subtype. AR positivity was significantly correlated with BMI (P = 0.037) and pathological N stage (P = 0.023). Multivariate analysis indicated that pathological T stage and pathological N stage were independent prognostic factors for overall survival (OS). The positive AR group was significantly associated with better OS (P = 0.014). Among 91 MPD-IDC patients, AR was expressed in 56.0%, and 80.0% had the HER2 overexpression subtype. AR positivity was significantly correlated with pathological N stage (P = 0.033). Multivariate analysis indicated that AR and pathological T stage were independent prognostic factors for OS. Furthermore, AR positivity was significantly related to better OS (P = 0.005) in MPD-IDC patients as well as in patients with the HER2 overexpression subtype (P = 0.029). CONCLUSION Our results confirmed that AR is a potential biomarker for evaluating the prognosis of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, 150 Haping Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Shanshan Sun
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, 150 Haping Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Yuanxi Huang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, 150 Haping Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Min Xiao
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, 150 Haping Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Xuhai Zhao
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, 150 Haping Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Xiangshi Lu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, 150 Haping Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Bingshu Xia
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, 150 Haping Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Kun Qiao
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, 150 Haping Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Shiyuan Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, 150 Haping Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Qiqi Wu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, 150 Haping Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Jing Xiong
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, 150 Haping Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Shaoqiang Cheng
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, 150 Haping Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150081, China.
| | - Yanni Song
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, 150 Haping Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150081, China.
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13
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Rao Y, Zhu J, Zheng H, Ren Y, Ji T. Cell origin and genome profile difference of penoscrotum invasive extramammary Paget disease compared with its in situ counterpart. Front Oncol 2022; 12:972047. [PMID: 36091120 PMCID: PMC9451029 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.972047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Penoscrotum extramammary Paget disease (pEMPD) is a rare cutaneous carcinoma with an unknown cell origin. pEMPD always presents as a tumor in situ with an indolent process, whereas some progress into invasive forms with more aggressive behavior. The in situ and invasive cases display different morphologies and biological behavior, and thus far, a relationship between these two components has not been demonstrated. Immunohistochemistry was used to disclose the immunotype of pEMPD, and the results revealed that invasive/in situ pEMPD possessed with some identical immunophenotypes such as CK7, P63, and CK10, which inferred the clonal relatedness. The variable expressions of GCDFP-15 and carcino embryonic antigen hinted that tumor cell origin might be an epidermal sweat gland in epiderma. In our cohort, invasive pEMPD presented increased expression of androgen receptor and decreased MUC5CA expression, and these two changes might bring to the shift of invasive phenotype. To better understanding the relationship between these distinct tumor forms, we performed whole exome sequencing testing to evaluate overlapping genomic alterations of six paired invasive/in situ pEMPDs. The results showed that missense mutation was the predominant mutation type, and C>T transition accounted for 65.1% in all SNP mutation. Among the top 20 differential genes obtained from the six paired invasive/in situ pEMPD analysis, MUC4 (one missense, one in frame del, and one multi-hit), AHNAK2 (two missense and one multi-hit), DOT1L (two missense and one multi-hit), and FRG1 (two missense and one-multi hit) mutations were most enriched in invasive pEMPDs, which postulated that these genes may play roles in the disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamin Rao
- Department of Pathology, Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinchao Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Haiyan Zheng
- Department of Pathology, Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong Ren
- Department of Pathology, General Hospital of Central Theater Command of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army (PLA), Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Tianhai Ji, ; Yong Ren,
| | - Tianhai Ji
- Department of Pathology, Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Tianhai Ji, ; Yong Ren,
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14
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Wang J, Cui B, Chen Z, Ding X. The regulation of skin homeostasis, repair and the pathogenesis of skin diseases by spatiotemporal activation of epidermal mTOR signaling. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:950973. [PMID: 35938153 PMCID: PMC9355246 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.950973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The epidermis, the outmost layer of the skin, is a stratified squamous epithelium that protects the body from the external world. The epidermis and its appendages need constantly renew themselves and replace the damaged tissues caused by environmental assaults. The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling is a central controller of cell growth and metabolism that plays a critical role in development, homeostasis and diseases. Recent findings suggest that mTOR signaling is activated in a spatiotemporal and context-dependent manner in the epidermis, coordinating diverse skin homeostatic processes. Dysregulation of mTOR signaling underlies the pathogenesis of skin diseases, including psoriasis and skin cancer. In this review, we discuss the role of epidermal mTOR signaling activity and function in skin, with a focus on skin barrier formation, hair regeneration, wound repair, as well as skin pathological disorders. We propose that fine-tuned control of mTOR signaling is essential for epidermal structural and functional integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Wang
- Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People’s Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Baiping Cui
- Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People’s Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhongjian Chen
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center for External Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaolei Ding
- Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People’s Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaolei Ding,
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Huang J, Zhou X, Wang W, Zhou G, Zhang W, Gao Z, Wu X, Liu W. Combined analyses of RNA-sequence and Hi-C along with GWAS loci—A novel approach to dissect keloid disorder genetic mechanism. PLoS Genet 2022; 18:e1010168. [PMID: 35709140 PMCID: PMC9202908 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Keloid disorder is a tumour-like disease with invasive growth and a high recurrence rate. Genetic contribution is well expected due to the presence of autosomal dominant inheritance and various genetic mutations in keloid lesions. However, GWAS failed to reveal functional variants in exon regions but single nucleotide polymorphisms in the non-coding regions, suggesting the necessity of innovative genetic investigation. This study employed combined GWAS, RNA-sequence and Hi-C analyses to dissect keloid disorder genetic mechanisms using paired keloid tissues and normal skins. Differentially expressed genes, miRNAs and lncRNAs mined by RNA-sequence were identified to construct a network. From which, 8 significant pathways involved in keloid disorder pathogenesis were enriched and 6 of them were verified. Furthermore, topologically associated domains at susceptible loci were located via the Hi-C database and ten differentially expressed RNAs were identified. Among them, the functions of six molecules for cell proliferation, cell cycle and apoptosis were particularly examined and confirmed by overexpressing and knocking-down assays. This study firstly revealed unknown key biomarkers and pathways in keloid lesions using RNA-sequence and previously reported mutation loci, indicating a feasible approach to reveal the genetic contribution to keloid disorder and possibly to other diseases that are failed by GWAS analysis alone. Keloid disorder is a benign skin tumour characterized by uncontrolled fibroproliferative tissue growth, which only occurs in human beings with severe reoccurrence post-therapy. It affects several hundred million people with difficulty to control its growth and relapse. It has been long thought that exonic gene mutations must play an important role, but large-scaled GWAS analyses only revealed 3 single nucleotide polymorphisms in the non-coding regions as previously reported. For the first time, this study demonstrated that the true genetic mechanism is likely to be the dysfunctional epigenetic regulation caused by mutations in regulatory elements at the non-coding region as revealed by the combined analyses of GWAS, RNA-sequence and Hi-C data. This approach may lead to the breakthrough of keloid disorder genetic/epigenetic mechanism, if further large-scaled analyses are performed along with human keloid tissue Hi-C data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Huang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaobo Zhou
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenbo Wang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Guangdong Zhou
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering Research, Shanghai, China
- National Tissue Engineering Centre of China, Shanghai, China
| | - WenJie Zhang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering Research, Shanghai, China
- National Tissue Engineering Centre of China, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen Gao
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoli Wu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering Research, Shanghai, China
- National Tissue Engineering Centre of China, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail:
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Theocharidis G, Tekkela S, Veves A, McGrath JA, Onoufriadis A. Single-cell transcriptomics in human skin research: available technologies, technical considerations, and disease applications. Exp Dermatol 2022; 31:655-673. [PMID: 35196402 PMCID: PMC9311140 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Single‐cell technologies have revolutionized research in the last decade, including for skin biology. Single‐cell RNA sequencing has emerged as a powerful tool allowing the dissection of human disease pathophysiology at unprecedented resolution by assessing cell‐to‐cell variation, facilitating identification of rare cell populations and elucidating cellular heterogeneity. In dermatology, this technology has been widely applied to inflammatory skin disorders, fibrotic skin diseases, wound healing complications and cutaneous neoplasms. Here, we discuss the available technologies and technical considerations of single‐cell RNA sequencing and describe its applications to a broad spectrum of dermatological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Theocharidis
- Joslin-Beth Israel Deaconess Foot Center and The Rongxiang Xu, MD, Center for Regenerative Therapeutics, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stavroula Tekkela
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Aristidis Veves
- Joslin-Beth Israel Deaconess Foot Center and The Rongxiang Xu, MD, Center for Regenerative Therapeutics, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - John A McGrath
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Alexandros Onoufriadis
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
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17
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Dukharan V, Della Porta AL, Gregory S, Erdag G. Extramammary Paget Disease of Peristomal Skin Secondary to Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma. EUROPEAN MEDICAL JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.33590/emj/21-00249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Extramammary Paget disease (EMPD) is a rare, cutaneous condition, which can present secondary to underlying carcinoma as an eczematoid rash that often mimics other conditions. Secondary EMPD should, therefore, be considered in the differential diagnosis where there is potential for malignant extension, particularly in post-operative tissue. This report describes a case of secondary EMPD of the peristomal skin in a patient with a distant history of cystectomy with ileal conduit for urothelial carcinoma, who developed an extensive eczematoid rash over 5 years after attempting several ineffective treatments. Early dermatologic referral for persistent inflammatory cutaneous disorders and appropriate histopathologic testing may reduce delays in the diagnosis of EMPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Dukharan
- University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | | | - Scott Gregory
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Gulsun Erdag
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA; Malcolm Randall Medical Center, Department of Veterans Affairs, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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Zheng DC, Shen YT, Wei ZW, Wan X, Xie MK, Yao HJ, Wang Z. Transcriptome sequencing reveals a lncRNA-mRNA interaction network in extramammary Paget's disease. BMC Med Genomics 2021; 14:291. [PMID: 34895219 PMCID: PMC8665522 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-021-01135-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Extramammary Paget’s disease (EMPD) is a rare malignant intraepidermal adenocarcinoma that is poorly understood. Regulatory long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are characterized in many species and shown to be involved in processes such as development and pathologies, revealing a new layer of regulation in different diseases, especially in cancer studies. In the present study, we used high-throughput sequencing to reveal the lncRNA–mRNA interaction network in extramammary Paget’s disease. Methods High-throughput sequencing was used to identify differentially expressed lncRNA and mRNA profiles between EMPD patients and healthy controls. Then, a series of bioinformatics analyses were conducted to construct the lncRNA–mRNA interaction network, which was finally confirmed in vitro. Results Six pairs of EMPD tumor and normal skin samples were collected and sequenced to identify the differentially expressed lncRNA and mRNA profiles between EMPD and healthy controls. A total of 997 differentially expressed mRNAs and 785 differentially expressed lncRNAs were identified. The GO and KEGG analyses show that epidermal development and cell adhesion play important roles in EMPD. The results of the lncRNA–mRNA interaction network analysis suggested that NEAT1, PGAP1, FKBP5 and CDON were the pivotal nodes of the network and that lncRNA NEAT1 might regulate mRNA PGAP1, FKBP5 and CDON. The results of the quantitative real-time RT–PCR performed in ten other patients for NEAT1, PGAP1, FKBP5 and CDON were consistent with those of the sequencing analysis. Moreover, an in vitro experiment confirmed the interactions between NEAT1 and PGAP1, FKBP5 and CDON in human immortalized keratinocytes. Conclusion These findings suggest that the lncRNA–mRNA interaction network based on four pivotal nodes, NEAT1, PGAP1 FKBP5 and CDON, may play an important role in EMPD, which will contribute to a deeper understanding of the pathogenesis of EMPD. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12920-021-01135-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Chao Zheng
- Department of Urology, Shanghai 9Th People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Yan-Ting Shen
- Department of Urology, Shanghai 9Th People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Zi-Wei Wei
- Department of Urology, Shanghai 9Th People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Xiang Wan
- Department of Urology, Shanghai 9Th People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Min-Kai Xie
- Department of Urology, Shanghai 9Th People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Hai-Jun Yao
- Department of Urology, Shanghai 9Th People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China.
| | - Zhong Wang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai 9Th People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China.
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Sawamura S, Mijiddorj Myangat T, Kajihara I, Tanaka K, Ide M, Sakamoto R, Otsuka-Maeda S, Kanemaru H, Nishimura Y, Kanazawa-Yamada S, Kashiwada-Nakamura K, Honda N, Makino K, Aoi J, Igata T, Makino T, Masuguchi S, Fukushima S, Ihn H. Genomic landscape of circulating tumour DNA in metastatic extramammary Paget's disease. Exp Dermatol 2021; 31:341-348. [PMID: 34676917 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Although cancer personalized profiling by deep sequencing (CAPP-Seq) of cell-free DNA (cfDNA) has gained attention, the clinical utility of circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA) in extramammary Paget's disease (EMPD) has not been investigated. In this study, genomic alterations in the cfDNA and tumour tissue DNA were investigated in seven patients with metastatic EMPD. CAPP-Seq revealed mutations in 18 genes, 11 of which have not yet been reported in EMPD. The variant allele frequency of some of the mutated genes reflected the disease course in patients with EMPD. In one patient, the mutation was detected even though imaging findings revealed no metastasis. In another patient with triple EMPD (genital area and both axilla), cfDNA sequencing detected the mutation in a rib metastatic lesion, which was also detected in both axilla lesions but not the genital region. Investigations of the ctDNA may be useful towards the elucidation of clonal evolution in EMPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soichiro Sawamura
- Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Tselmeg Mijiddorj Myangat
- Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Ikko Kajihara
- Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Tanaka
- Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Maho Ide
- Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Ryoko Sakamoto
- Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Saki Otsuka-Maeda
- Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hisashi Kanemaru
- Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yuki Nishimura
- Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Saori Kanazawa-Yamada
- Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Kayo Kashiwada-Nakamura
- Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Noritoshi Honda
- Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Katsunari Makino
- Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Jun Aoi
- Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Toshikatsu Igata
- Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Takamitsu Makino
- Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Sinichi Masuguchi
- Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Satoshi Fukushima
- Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hironobu Ihn
- Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
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20
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Noor F, Saleem MH, Chen JT, Javed MR, Al-Megrin WA, Aslam S. Integrative bioinformatics approaches to map key biological markers and therapeutic drugs in Extramammary Paget's disease of the scrotum. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0254678. [PMID: 34292991 PMCID: PMC8297842 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0254678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Extramammary Paget’s disease (EMPD) is an intra-epidermal adenocarcinoma. Till now, the mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of scrotal EMPD is poorly known. This present study aims to explore the knowledge of molecular mechanism of scrotal EMPD by identifying the hub genes and candidate drugs using integrated bioinformatics approaches. Firstly, the microarray datasets (GSE117285) were downloaded from the GEO database and then analyzed using GEO2R in order to obtain differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Moreover, hub genes were identified on the basis of their degree of connectivity using Cytohubba plugin of cytoscape tool. Finally, GEPIA and DGIdb were used for the survival analysis and selection of therapeutic candidates, respectively. A total of 786 DEGs were identified, of which 10 genes were considered as hub genes on the basis of the highest degree of connectivity. After the survival analysis of ten hub genes, a total of 5 genes were found to be altered in EMPD patients. Furthermore, 14 drugs of CHEK1, CCNA2, and CDK1 were found to have therapeutic potential against EMPD. This study updates the information and yields a new perspective in the context of understanding the pathogenesis of EMPD. In future, hub genes and candidate drugs might be capable of improving the personalized detection and therapies for EMPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Noor
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Jen-Tsung Chen
- Department of Life Sciences, National University of Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Muhammad Rizwan Javed
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Wafa Abdullah Al-Megrin
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sidra Aslam
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
- * E-mail:
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21
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Sun G, Li Z, Rong D, Zhang H, Shi X, Yang W, Zheng W, Sun G, Wu F, Cao H, Tang W, Sun Y. Single-cell RNA sequencing in cancer: Applications, advances, and emerging challenges. Mol Ther Oncolytics 2021; 21:183-206. [PMID: 34027052 PMCID: PMC8131398 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2021.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer has become one of the greatest threats to human health, and new technologies are urgently needed to further clarify the mechanisms of cancer so that better detection and treatment strategies can be developed. At present, extensive genomic analysis and testing of clinical specimens shape the insights into carcinoma. Nevertheless, carcinoma of humans is a complex ecosystem of cells, including carcinoma cells and immunity-related and stroma-related subsets, with accurate characteristics obscured by extensive genome-related approaches. A growing body of research shows that sequencing of single-cell RNA (scRNA-seq) is emerging to be an effective way for dissecting human tumor tissue at single-cell resolution, presenting one prominent way for explaining carcinoma biology. This review summarizes the research progress of scRNA-seq in the field of tumors, focusing on the application of scRNA-seq in tumor circulating cells, tumor stem cells, tumor drug resistance, the tumor microenvironment, and so on, which provides a new perspective for tumor research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangshun Sun
- Department of Musculoskeletal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhouxiao Li
- Department of Hand Surgery, Plastic Surgery and Aesthetic Surgery, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Dawei Rong
- Hepatobiliary/Liver Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Key Laboratory of Living Donor Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Musculoskeletal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuesong Shi
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weijun Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wubin Zheng
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guoqiang Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fan Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongyong Cao
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weiwei Tang
- Hepatobiliary/Liver Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Key Laboratory of Living Donor Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yangbai Sun
- Department of Musculoskeletal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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22
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Deng Z, Chen M, Liu Y, Xu S, Ouyang Y, Shi W, Jian D, Wang B, Liu F, Li J, Shi Q, Peng Q, Sha K, Xiao W, Liu T, Zhang Y, Zhang H, Wang Q, Sun L, Xie H, Li J. A positive feedback loop between mTORC1 and cathelicidin promotes skin inflammation in rosacea. EMBO Mol Med 2021; 13:e13560. [PMID: 33734592 PMCID: PMC8103105 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202013560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Rosacea is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder whose pathogenesis is unclear. Here, several lines of evidence were provided to demonstrate that mTORC1 signaling is hyperactivated in the skin, especially in the epidermis, of both rosacea patients and a mouse model of rosacea-like skin inflammation. Both mTORC1 deletion in epithelium and inhibition by its specific inhibitors can block the development of rosacea-like skin inflammation in LL37-induced rosacea-like mouse model. Conversely, hyperactivation of mTORC1 signaling aggravated rosacea-like features. Mechanistically, mTORC1 regulates cathelicidin through a positive feedback loop, in which cathelicidin LL37 activates mTORC1 signaling by binding to Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and thus in turn increases the expression of cathelicidin itself in keratinocytes. Moreover, excess cathelicidin LL37 induces both NF-κB activation and disease-characteristic cytokine and chemokine production possibly via mTORC1 signaling. Topical application of rapamycin improved clinical symptoms in rosacea patients, suggesting mTORC1 inhibition can serve as a novel therapeutic avenue for rosacea.
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