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Anfinsen ÅM, Johannesen CO, Myklebust VH, Rosendahl-Riise H, McCann A, Nygård OK, Dierkes J, Lysne V. Time-resolved concentrations of serum amino acids, one-carbon metabolites and B-vitamin biomarkers during the postprandial and fasting state: the Postprandial Metabolism in Healthy Young Adults (PoMet) Study. Br J Nutr 2024; 131:786-800. [PMID: 37886826 PMCID: PMC10864995 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114523002490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Metabolomics has been utilised in epidemiological studies to investigate biomarkers of nutritional status and metabolism in relation to non-communicable diseases. However, little is known about the effect of prandial status on several biomarker concentrations. Therefore, the aim of this intervention study was to investigate the effect of a standardised breakfast meal followed by food abstinence for 24 h on serum concentrations of amino acids, one-carbon metabolites and B-vitamin biomarkers. Thirty-four healthy subjects (eighteen males and sixteen females) aged 20-30 years were served a breakfast meal (∼500 kcal) after which they consumed only water for 24 h. Blood samples were drawn before and at thirteen standardised timepoints after the meal. Circulating concentrations of most amino acids and metabolites linked to one-carbon metabolism peaked within the first 3 h after the meal. The branched-chain amino acids steadily increased from 6 or 8 hours after the meal, while proline decreased in the same period. Homocysteine and cysteine concentrations immediately decreased after the meal but steadily increased from 3 and 4 hours until 24 h. FMN and riboflavin fluctuated immediately after the meal but increased from 6 h, while folate increased immediately after the meal and remained elevated during the 24 h. Our findings indicate that accurate reporting of time since last meal is crucial when investigating concentrations of certain amino acids and one-carbon metabolites. Our results suggest a need for caution when interpretating studies, which utilise such biomarkers, but do not strictly control for time since the last meal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Åslaug Matre Anfinsen
- Mohn Nutrition Research Laboratory, Centre for Nutrition, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Christina Osland Johannesen
- Mohn Nutrition Research Laboratory, Centre for Nutrition, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Vilde Haugen Myklebust
- Mohn Nutrition Research Laboratory, Centre for Nutrition, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Hanne Rosendahl-Riise
- Mohn Nutrition Research Laboratory, Centre for Nutrition, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Ottar Kjell Nygård
- Mohn Nutrition Research Laboratory, Centre for Nutrition, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Heart Disease, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Jutta Dierkes
- Mohn Nutrition Research Laboratory, Centre for Nutrition, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Vegard Lysne
- Mohn Nutrition Research Laboratory, Centre for Nutrition, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Heart Disease, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
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Mead LC, Hill AM, Carter S, Coates AM. Effects of energy-restricted diets with or without nuts on weight, body composition and glycaemic control in adults: a scoping review. Nutr Res Rev 2024:1-17. [PMID: 38389450 DOI: 10.1017/s0954422424000106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Energy-restricted (ER) diets promote weight loss and improve body composition and glycaemic control. Nut consumption also improves these parameters. However, less is known about the combined benefit of these two strategies. This scoping review implemented a systematic search of Medline, Embase and Scopus to identify randomised controlled trials evaluating the effect of ER diets with or without nuts on body mass, body composition and glycaemic control in adults. After reviewing titles and abstracts, twenty-nine full-text articles were screened, resulting in seven studies reported in eight papers that met the inclusion criteria. Energy restriction was achieved by prescribing a set energy target or reducing intake by 1000-4200 kJ from daily energy requirements. Interventions ranged from 4 to 52 weeks in duration and contained 42-84 g/d of almonds, peanuts, pistachios or walnuts. While all studies reported that energy restriction resulted in significant weight loss, the addition of nuts to ER diets demonstrated significantly greater weight loss in only approximately half of the included studies (4/7 studies). There was limited evidence to support additional benefits from nuts for body composition measures or glycaemic control. Although improvements in weight loss and glycaemia were not consistent when nuts were included in ER diets, no study revealed an adverse effect of nut consumption on health outcomes. Future studies could explore the effect of consuming different types and amounts of nuts, combined with various levels of energy restriction on weight, body composition and glycaemic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren C Mead
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Alison M Hill
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Sharayah Carter
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Alison M Coates
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
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Retterstøl K, Rosqvist F. Fat and fatty acids - a scoping review for Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2023. Food Nutr Res 2024; 68:9980. [PMID: 38327998 PMCID: PMC10845901 DOI: 10.29219/fnr.v68.9980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Two de novo NNR2022 systematic reviews (SRs) as well as 21 qualified SRs (qSRs) were available. A literature search yielded an additional ~70 SRs, meta-analyses and biomarker papers. Diets lower in total fat are associated with reductions in body weight and blood pressure compared with diets higher in total fat in adults. Partial replacement of saturated fatty acid (SFA) with n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) improves blood lipid profile, decreases the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), improves glucose-insulin homeostasis and may decrease the risk of total mortality. Long-chain n-3 PUFAs (eicosapentaenoic acid [EPA] and docosahexaenoic acid [DHA]) decrease triglycerides and are associated with lower risk of CVD. Dietary PUFAs, both n-3 and n-6, may be associated with reduced risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D). There is inconclusive evidence to suggest that the type of dietary fat is associated with blood pressure, risk of hypertension or musculoskeletal health. Higher intake of total PUFA is associated with lower mortality from any cancer. Long-chain n-3 PUFA is associated with reduced risk of breast cancer, whereas biomarker levels of n-6 PUFA are associated with lower risk of any cancer. Intake of long-chain n-3 PUFA during pregnancy increases length of gestation and child birth weight and reduces the risk of preterm delivery, but there is inconclusive evidence to suggest that it may influence child neurodevelopment, growth or development of allergic disease. In studies with higher versus lower dietary cholesterol intake levels, total blood cholesterol increased or were unaffected by the dietary cholesterol, resulting in inconclusive results. Trans fatty acid (TFA), regardless of source, impairs blood lipid profile compared to unsaturated fat. In observational studies, TFA is positively associated with CVD and total mortality but whether associations differ by source is inconclusive. Ruminant TFA, as well as biomarker levels of odd-chain fatty acids, might be associated with lower risk of T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kjetil Retterstøl
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Fredrik Rosqvist
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Anfinsen ÅM, Rosendahl-Riise H, Nygård O, Tell GS, Ueland PM, Ulvik A, McCann A, Dierkes J, Lysne V. Exploratory analyses on the effect of time since last meal on concentrations of amino acids, lipids, one-carbon metabolites, and vitamins in the Hordaland Health Study. Eur J Nutr 2023; 62:3079-3095. [PMID: 37498368 PMCID: PMC10468919 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-023-03211-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Dietary intake may have pronounced effects on circulating biomarker concentrations. Therefore, the aim was to provide a descriptive overview of serum metabolite concentrations in relation to time since last meal, focusing on amino acids, lipids, one-carbon metabolites, and biomarkers of vitamin status. METHODS We used baseline data from the observational community-based Hordaland Health Study, including 2960 participants aged 46-49 years and 2874 participants aged 70-74 years. A single blood draw was taken from each participant, and time since last meal varied. Estimated marginal geometric mean metabolite concentrations were plotted as a function of time since last meal, up to 7 h, adjusted for age, sex, and BMI. RESULTS We observed a common pattern for nearly all amino acids and one-carbon metabolites with highest concentrations during the first 3 h after dietary intake. Homocysteine and cysteine were lowest the 1st hour after a meal, while no patterns were observed for glutamate and glutamic acid. The concentrations of phylloquinone and triglycerides were highest 1 h after dietary intake. Thiamine and thiamine monophosphate concentrations were highest, while flavin mononucleotide concentrations were lowest within the first 2 h after a meal. No clear patterns emerged for the other fat-soluble vitamins, blood lipids, or B-vitamin biomarkers. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that distinguishing between "fasting" and "non-fasting" blood samples may be inadequate, and a more granular approach is warranted. This may have implications for how to account for dietary intake when blood sampling in both clinical and research settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Åslaug Matre Anfinsen
- Mohn Nutrition Research Laboratory, Centre for Nutrition, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Hanne Rosendahl-Riise
- Mohn Nutrition Research Laboratory, Centre for Nutrition, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ottar Nygård
- Mohn Nutrition Research Laboratory, Centre for Nutrition, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Heart Disease, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | | | | | | | | | - Jutta Dierkes
- Mohn Nutrition Research Laboratory, Centre for Nutrition, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Vegard Lysne
- Mohn Nutrition Research Laboratory, Centre for Nutrition, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Heart Disease, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
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Dou Y, Jiang Y, Chen X, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Chen H, He W, Yan W. Intermittent dietary carbohydrate restriction versus calorie restriction and cardiometabolic profiles: A randomized trial. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2023; 31:2260-2271. [PMID: 37545298 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of an intermittent low-carbohydrate diet (ILCD) versus calorie restriction (ICR) in young populations and potential mechanisms. METHODS Thirty-four participants aged 9 to 30 years with cardiometabolic risk were randomized to receive a self-administered 2-week ILCD (carbohydrate intake ≤ 50 g/d on seven nonconsecutive days) or ICR (500-600 kcal/d for two consecutive days per week). Differences in changes in obesity measures, glycemic and lipid profiles, gut microbiota composition, and three serum biomarkers were compared. RESULTS The ILCD and ICR similarly reduced body weight, waist circumference, fasting glucose, insulin, postprandial glucose variation, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, free fatty acid, and fibroblast growth factor 21, whereas ILCD produced significantly different alterations in the following outcomes compared with ICR: greater increases in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and total cholesterol (-0.36 mmol/L, 95% CI: -0.68 to -0.04; -0.40 mmol/L, 95% CI: -0.73 to -0.06) and greater decrease in triglyceride (0.20 mmol/L, 95% CI: 0.04 to 0.37). Actinobacteria and Bifidobacterium reduced after ILCD but not ICR; and the reductions strongly correlated with changes in fasting glucose (both r = 0.84) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (r = -0.81 and -0.72). CONCLUSIONS This study found no evidence of differences in changes from baseline in obesity measures, glucose regulation, and inflammation between ILCD and ICR, despite trends in reduction in those parameters. However, there seemed to be some differences in responses in lipids and gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalan Dou
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology & Clinical Trial Unit, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Jiang
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology & Clinical Trial Unit, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaotian Chen
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology & Clinical Trial Unit, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China
- Research Unit of Early Intervention of Genetically Related Childhood Cardiovascular Diseases (2018RU002), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology & Clinical Trial Unit, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China
- Research Unit of Early Intervention of Genetically Related Childhood Cardiovascular Diseases (2018RU002), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yin Wang
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology & Clinical Trial Unit, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China
- Research Unit of Early Intervention of Genetically Related Childhood Cardiovascular Diseases (2018RU002), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongyan Chen
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology & Clinical Trial Unit, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Wennan He
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology & Clinical Trial Unit, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Weili Yan
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology & Clinical Trial Unit, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China
- Research Unit of Early Intervention of Genetically Related Childhood Cardiovascular Diseases (2018RU002), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
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Mandal SK, Tare M, Deepa PR. COVID-19 infection and metabolic comorbidities: Mitigating role of nutritional sufficiency and drug - nutraceutical combinations of vitamin D. HUMAN NUTRITION & METABOLISM 2023; 31:200179. [PMID: 38620788 PMCID: PMC9762046 DOI: 10.1016/j.hnm.2022.200179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The vulnerability of human health is amplified in recent times with global increase in non-communicable diseases (due to lifestyle changes and environmental insults) and infectious diseases (caused by newer pathogens and drug-resistance strains). Clinical management of diseases is further complicated by disease severity caused by other comorbid factors. Drug-based therapy may not be the sole approach, particularly in scenarios like the COVID-19 pandemic, where there is no specific drug against SARS-CoV-2. Nutritional interventions are significant in armouring human populations in disease prevention, and as adjunctive therapy for disease alleviation. Amidst ongoing clinical trials to determine the efficacy of Vit. D against infections and associated complications, this review examines the pleiotropic benefits of nutritional adequacy of vitamin D (Vit. D) in combating viral infections (COVID-19), its severity and complications due to co-morbidities (obesity, diabetes, stroke and Kawasaki disease), based on research findings and clinical studies. Supplements of Vit. D in combination with other nutrients, and drugs, are suggested as promising preventive-health and adjunct-treatment strategies in the clinical management of viral infections with metabolic comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Kumar Mandal
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan, India
| | - Meghana Tare
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan, India
| | - P R Deepa
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan, India
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7
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Mohammadi M, Nadjarzadeh A, Mirzaei M, Fallahzadeh H, Haghighatdoost F, Sakhaei R, Abolhosseini H, Salehi-Abargouei A. Dietary glycemic index and glycemic load in association with sleep duration: YaHS-TAMYZ and Shahedieh observational studies. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2021; 46:471-476. [PMID: 34857237 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2021.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Current data on the association between dietary glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) and sleep duration are limited and controversial. The present cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the relationship between dietary GI and GL with sleep duration in a large number of adults living in central Iran. METHODS Baseline data from two Iranian cohorts were pooled for the current analysis: the YaHS-TAMYZ (n = 9962) and Shahedieh (n = 9977) studies. Demographic data as well as dietary intakes, sleep duration, and possible confounders, were collected by interview. Anthropometric measurements were also conducted by trained interviewers. Participants were categorized based on sleep duration [short (<6 h), normal (6-8 h), and long (>8 h)]. Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine the relationship between dietary GI/GL and the likelihood of short and long sleep duration. RESULTS In total, 10,451 participants aged 20-70 years were included in the analyses. After controlling for all possible confounders, no significant association was observed between dietary GI and short or long sleep duration (P > 0.05). Individuals in the highest quartile of dietary GL had a higher chance for long sleep duration compared to participants in the lowest quartile (OR = 1.41; 95% CI: 1.14, 1.74, Ptrend = 0.001). No significant association was observed between dietary GL and short sleep duration. CONCLUSION Dietary GL is positively associated with the likelihood of long sleep duration. Future prospective studies are required to confirm the current findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mohammadi
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran; Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Azadeh Nadjarzadeh
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran; Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Masoud Mirzaei
- Yazd Cardiovascular Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Hossien Fallahzadeh
- Research Center of Prevention & Epidemiology of Non-Communicable Disease, Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Fahimeh Haghighatdoost
- Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Roya Sakhaei
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran; Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Hossein Abolhosseini
- School of Traditional Iranian Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Amin Salehi-Abargouei
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran; Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
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8
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Ghasemian R, Shamshirian A, Heydari K, Malekan M, Alizadeh‐Navaei R, Ebrahimzadeh MA, Ebrahimi Warkiani M, Jafarpour H, Razavi Bazaz S, Rezaei Shahmirzadi A, Khodabandeh M, Seyfari B, Motamedzadeh A, Dadgostar E, Aalinezhad M, Sedaghat M, Razzaghi N, Zarandi B, Asadi A, Yaghoubi Naei V, Beheshti R, Hessami A, Azizi S, Mohseni AR, Shamshirian D. The role of vitamin D in the age of COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Clin Pract 2021; 75:e14675. [PMID: 34322971 PMCID: PMC8420549 DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.14675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence recommends that vitamin D might be a crucial supportive agent for the immune system, mainly in cytokine response regulation against COVID-19. Hence, we carried out a systematic review and meta-analysis in order to maximise the use of everything that exists about the role of vitamin D in the COVID-19. METHODS A systematic search was performed in PubMed, Scopus, Embase and Web of Science up to December 18, 2020. Studies focused on the role of vitamin D in confirmed COVID-19 patients were entered into the systematic review. RESULTS Twenty-three studies containing 11 901 participants entered into the meta-analysis. The meta-analysis indicated that 41% of COVID-19 patients were suffering from vitamin D deficiency (95% CI, 29%-55%), and in 42% of patients, levels of vitamin D were insufficient (95% CI, 24%-63%). The serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration was 20.3 ng/mL among all COVID-19 patients (95% CI, 12.1-19.8). The odds of getting infected with SARS-CoV-2 are 3.3 times higher among individuals with vitamin D deficiency (95% CI, 2.5-4.3). The chance of developing severe COVID-19 is about five times higher in patients with vitamin D deficiency (OR: 5.1, 95% CI, 2.6-10.3). There is no significant association between vitamin D status and higher mortality rates (OR: 1.6, 95% CI, 0.5-4.4). CONCLUSION This study found that most of the COVID-19 patients were suffering from vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency. Also, there is about three times higher chance of getting infected with SARS-CoV-2 among vitamin-D-deficient individuals and about five times higher probability of developing the severe disease in vitamin-D-deficient patients. Vitamin D deficiency showed no significant association with mortality rates in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roya Ghasemian
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research CenterDepartment of Infectious DiseasesMazandaran University of Medical SciencesSariIran
| | - Amir Shamshirian
- Department of Medical Laboratory SciencesStudent Research CommitteeSchool of Allied Medical ScienceMazandaran University of Medical SciencesSariIran
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Research CenterNon‐Communicable Diseases InstituteMazandaran University of Medical SciencesSariIran
| | - Keyvan Heydari
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Research CenterNon‐Communicable Diseases InstituteMazandaran University of Medical SciencesSariIran
- Student Research CommitteeSchool of MedicineMazandaran University of Medical SciencesSariIran
| | - Mohammad Malekan
- Student Research CommitteeSchool of MedicineMazandaran University of Medical SciencesSariIran
| | - Reza Alizadeh‐Navaei
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Research CenterNon‐Communicable Diseases InstituteMazandaran University of Medical SciencesSariIran
| | - Mohammad Ali Ebrahimzadeh
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research CenterDepartment of Medicinal ChemistrySchool of PharmacyMazandaran University of Medical ScienceSariIran
| | - Majid Ebrahimi Warkiani
- School of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of Technology SydneySydney, UltimoNSWAustralia
- Institute of Molecular MedicineSechenov First Moscow State UniversityMoscowRussia
| | - Hamed Jafarpour
- Student Research CommitteeSchool of MedicineMazandaran University of Medical SciencesSariIran
| | - Sajad Razavi Bazaz
- School of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of Technology SydneySydney, UltimoNSWAustralia
| | | | - Mehrdad Khodabandeh
- Neuromusculoskeletal Research CenterDepartment of Physical Medicine and RehabilitationIran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Benyamin Seyfari
- Department of SurgeryFaculty of MedicineKashan University of Medical SciencesKashanIran
| | - Alireza Motamedzadeh
- Department of Internal MedicineFaculty of MedicineKashan University of Medical SciencesKashanIran
| | - Ehsan Dadgostar
- Department of PsychiatrySchool of MedicineIsfahan University of Medical SciencesIsfahanIran
| | - Marzieh Aalinezhad
- Department of RadiologyIsfahan University of Medical SciencesIsfahanIran
| | - Meghdad Sedaghat
- Department of Internal MedicineImam Hossein HospitalShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Nazanin Razzaghi
- Student Research CommitteeGolestan University of Medical SciencesGorganIran
| | - Bahman Zarandi
- Student Research CommitteeIran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Anahita Asadi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research CenterDepartment of Medicinal ChemistrySchool of PharmacyMazandaran University of Medical ScienceSariIran
| | | | - Reza Beheshti
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research CenterDepartment of Medicinal ChemistrySchool of PharmacyMazandaran University of Medical ScienceSariIran
| | - Amirhossein Hessami
- Department of Medical Laboratory SciencesStudent Research CommitteeSchool of Allied Medical ScienceMazandaran University of Medical SciencesSariIran
| | - Soheil Azizi
- Department of Medical Laboratory SciencesSchool of Allied Medical ScienceMazandaran University of Medical SciencesSariIran
| | - Ali Reza Mohseni
- Department of Medical Laboratory SciencesSchool of Allied Medical ScienceMazandaran University of Medical SciencesSariIran
- Thalassemia Research CenterHemoglobinopathy InstituteMazandaran University of Medical SciencesSariIran
| | - Danial Shamshirian
- Chronic Respiratory Diseases Research CenterNational Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD)Shahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
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9
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Xu W, Lin L, Liu A, Zhang T, Zhang S, Li Y, Chen J, Gong Z, Liu Z, Xiao W. L-Theanine affects intestinal mucosal immunity by regulating short-chain fatty acid metabolism under dietary fiber feeding. Food Funct 2021; 11:8369-8379. [PMID: 32935679 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo01069c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the effects of l-Theanine (LTA) on intestinal mucosal immunity and the regulation of short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) metabolism under dietary fiber feeding, a 28-day feeding experiment was performed in Sprague-Dawley rats. The results show that LTA increased the proportion of Prevotella, Lachnospira, and Ruminococcus while increasing the total SCFA, acetic acid, propionic acid, and butyric acid contents in the feces. LTA also increased IgA, IgE, and IgG levels in the ileum, and increased villi height and crypt depth. Moreover, LTA upregulated the mRNA and protein expression of acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1, sterol element-binding protein 1c, fatty acid synthase, and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase in the liver, while downregulating the expression of glucose-6-phosphatase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1 in the colon. Our study suggests that LTA can affect intestinal mucosal immunity by regulating SCFA metabolism under dietary fiber feeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xu
- Key Lab of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China and National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China and Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan Collaborative Innovation Center for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China.
| | - Ling Lin
- Key Lab of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China and National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China and Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan Collaborative Innovation Center for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China.
| | - An Liu
- Key Lab of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China and National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China and Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan Collaborative Innovation Center for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China.
| | - Tuo Zhang
- Key Lab of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China and National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China and Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan Collaborative Innovation Center for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China.
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Key Lab of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China and National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China and Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan Collaborative Innovation Center for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China.
| | - Yinhua Li
- Key Lab of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China and National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China and Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan Collaborative Innovation Center for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China.
| | - Jinhua Chen
- Key Lab of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China and National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China and Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan Collaborative Innovation Center for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China.
| | - Zhihua Gong
- Key Lab of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China and National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China and Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan Collaborative Innovation Center for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China.
| | - Zhonghua Liu
- Key Lab of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China and National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China and Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan Collaborative Innovation Center for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China.
| | - Wenjun Xiao
- Key Lab of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China and National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China and Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan Collaborative Innovation Center for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China.
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10
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Tian Y, Ma Y, Fu Y, Zheng JS. Application of n-of-1 Clinical Trials in Personalized Nutrition Research: A Trial Protocol for Westlake N-of-1 Trials for Macronutrient Intake (WE-MACNUTR). Curr Dev Nutr 2020; 4:nzaa143. [PMID: 32968703 PMCID: PMC7494402 DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzaa143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Personalized dietary recommendations can help with more effective disease prevention. This study aims to investigate the individual postprandial glucose response to diets with diverse macronutrient proportions at both the individual level and population level, and explore the potential of the novel single-patient (n-of-1) trial for personalization of diet. Secondary outcomes include individual phenotypic responses and the effects of dietary ingredients on the composition of gut microbiota. Westlake N-of-1 Trials for Macronutrient Intake is a multiple crossover feeding trial consisting of 3 successive 12-d dietary intervention pairs including a 6-d washout period before each 6-d isocaloric dietary intervention: a 6-d high-fat, low-carbohydrate diet, and a 6-d low-fat, high-carbohydrate diet. The results will help provide personalized dietary recommendations for macronutrients in terms of postprandial blood glucose responses. The proposed n-of-1 trial methods could help in optimizing individual health and advancing health care. This trial was registered with clinicaltrials.gov (NCT04125602).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyi Tian
- Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yue Ma
- Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuanqing Fu
- Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ju-Sheng Zheng
- Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, China
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11
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Schönknecht YB, Crommen S, Stoffel-Wagner B, Coenen M, Fimmers R, Holst JJ, Simon MC, Stehle P, Egert S. Acute Effects of Three Different Meal Patterns on Postprandial Metabolism in Older Individuals with a Risk Phenotype for Cardiometabolic Diseases: A Randomized Controlled Crossover Trial. Mol Nutr Food Res 2020; 64:e1901035. [PMID: 32223057 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201901035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE The aim of this study is to investigate acute postprandial responses to intake of meals typical for Mediterranean and Western diets. METHODS In a randomized crossover design, overweight and obese participants with a risk phenotype for cardiometabolic diseases consumed three different isoenergetic meals: Western diet-like high-fat (WDHF), Western diet-like high-carbohydrate (WDHC), and Mediterranean diet (MED) meal. Blood samples are collected at fasting and 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 h postprandially and analyzed for parameters of lipid and glucose metabolism, inflammation, oxidation, and antioxidant status. RESULTS Compared to MED and WDHF meals, intake of a WDHC meal results in prolonged and elevated increases in glucose and insulin. Elevations for triglycerides are enhanced after the WDHF meal compared to the MED and the WDHC meal. Glucagon-like peptide-1 and interleukin-6 increase postprandially without meal differences. Apart from vitamin C showing an increase after the MED meal and a decrease after WDHF and WDHC meals, antioxidant markers decrease postprandially without meal differences. Plasma interleukin-1β is not affected by meal intake. CONCLUSIONS Energy-rich meals induce hyperglycemia, hyperlipemia, an inflammatory response, and a decrease in antioxidant markers. A meal typical for the Mediterranean diet results in favorable effects on glycemic, insulinemic, and lipemic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannik B Schönknecht
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Nutritional Physiology, University of Bonn, Bonn, 53113, Germany
| | - Silke Crommen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Nutritional Physiology, University of Bonn, Bonn, 53113, Germany
| | - Birgit Stoffel-Wagner
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, 53127, Germany
| | - Martin Coenen
- Clinical Study Core Unit, Study Center Bonn, Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, 53127, Germany
| | - Rolf Fimmers
- Institute of Medical Biometry, Informatics and Epidemiology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, 53127, Germany
| | - Jens J Holst
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research and Department for Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark
| | - Marie-Christine Simon
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Nutritional Physiology, University of Bonn, Bonn, 53113, Germany
| | - Peter Stehle
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Nutritional Physiology, University of Bonn, Bonn, 53113, Germany
| | - Sarah Egert
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Nutritional Physiology, University of Bonn, Bonn, 53113, Germany.,Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, 50599, Germany
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12
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Bozzetto L, Della Pepa G, Vetrani C, Rivellese AA. Dietary Impact on Postprandial Lipemia. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:337. [PMID: 32733374 PMCID: PMC7358426 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormalities in postprandial lipemia (PPL), particularly those related to triglyceride-rich lipoproteins, are considered an independent cardiovascular risk factor. As diet is known to be one of the main modulators of PPL, the aim of this review was to summarize and discuss current knowledge on the impact of diet and its components on PPL in humans; specifically, the impact of weight loss, different nutrients (quantity and quality of dietary fats, carbohydrates, and proteins), alcohol and other bioactive dietary components (i.e., polyphenols), as well as the effect of different dietary patterns. The possible mechanisms behind the metabolic effects of each dietary component were also discussed.
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