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Bouillon R, Antonio L, Narinx N. Vitamin D status in children. J Pediatr (Rio J) 2024; 100:335-339. [PMID: 38604241 PMCID: PMC11331218 DOI: 10.1016/j.jped.2024.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Roger Bouillon
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Leen Antonio
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nick Narinx
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Hanusch B, Falkenstein M, Volkenstein S, Dazert S, Lücke T, Sinningen K. No Impairment in Bone Turnover or Executive Functions in Well-Treated Preschoolers with Phenylketonuria-A Pilot Study. Nutrients 2024; 16:2072. [PMID: 38999818 PMCID: PMC11243048 DOI: 10.3390/nu16132072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Patients with phenylketonuria (PKU) present signs of impaired executive functioning and bone health in adolescence and adulthood, depending in part on the success of therapy in childhood. Therefore, nine children with well-treated PKU (4-7 years old, 22.2% ♀, seven with a full set of data, two included into partial analysis) and 18 age-, gender- and season-matched controls were analyzed for differences in executive functioning and bone parameters in plasma. Plasma was analyzed with commercially available kits. Cognitive performance in tonic alertness, visuo-spatial working memory, inhibitory control and task switching was assessed by a task battery presented on a touch screen. Regarding cognition, only the performance in incongruent conditions in inhibitory control was significantly better in children with PKU than in controls. No further differences in cognitive tests were detected. Furthermore, no significant difference in the bone turnover markers osteocalcin, undercarboxylated osteocalcin and CTX were detected between children with PKU and controls, while children with PKU had a significantly higher vitamin D concentration (69.44 ± 12.83 nmol/L vs. 41.87 ± 15.99 nmol/L, p < 0.001) and trended towards lower parathyroid hormone concentrations than controls (48.27 ± 15.16 pg/mL vs. 70.61 ± 30.53 pg/mL, p = 0.066). In this small group of well-treated preschoolers with PKU, no impairments in cognitive performance and bone turnover were observed, while vitamin D supplementation of amino acid supplements seems to be sufficient to achieve good vitamin D status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Hanusch
- Research Department of Child Nutrition, University Hospital of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44791 Bochum, Germany
| | | | - Stefan Volkenstein
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Johannes Wesling Klinikum Minden, Ruhr-University Bochum, 32429 Minden, Germany
| | - Stefan Dazert
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, St. Elisabeth-Hospital Bochum, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44787 Bochum, Germany
| | - Thomas Lücke
- Research Department of Child Nutrition, University Hospital of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44791 Bochum, Germany
| | - Kathrin Sinningen
- Research Department of Child Nutrition, University Hospital of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44791 Bochum, Germany
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Wechsung K, Schnabel D, Wiegand S. Longitudinal analysis of vitamin D levels considering sunshine duration and suggestion for a standardised approach for vitamin D supplementation in children and adolescents with obesity. BMC Pediatr 2024; 24:337. [PMID: 38750418 PMCID: PMC11094954 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-024-04823-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children with obesity have low 25 hydroxy-vitamin D (25-OH-D3) levels compared to lean children. Recommendations on when to start vitamin D supplementation differ largely between countries. Longitudinal data on 25-OH-D3 levels to guide treatment decisions are scarce since they are largely influenced by solar radiation and are difficult to compare. METHODS We carried out a retrospective analysis of multiple 25-OH-D3 and parathyroid hormone (PTH) measurements in a cohort of 543 patients without vitamin D supplementation. All measurements were taken at the local paediatric obesity clinic as documented in the German-Austrian-Swiss APV (Prospective Documentation of Overweight Children and Adolescents) registry from 2009 to 2019. Serial 25-OH-D3 and PTH levels were adjusted for sunshine duration over the last 30 days to account for seasonal variation, as well as for sex and body mass index (BMI). We further performed an exploratory analysis of the association of sunshine duration, sex, BMI SDS (standard deviation score), abnormal lipid levels or dysglycemia with the 25-OH-D3 trend. RESULTS 229 obese patients (mean BMI SDS: 2,58 (± 0,56), 53% females, mean age: 12 (± 3) years, range: 2-21 years) with two, 115 with three and 96 with four repeated 25-OH-D3 measurements were identified. Mean adjusted 25-OH-D3 (48.2 nmol/l) and PTH (34.9 ng/l) levels remained stable over 120 weeks. 5% of the patients had an elevated PTH > 65 ng/l. High total cholesterol ≥ 200 mg/dl and high triglycerides ≥ 130 mg/dl were associated with higher 25-OH-D3 levels. CONCLUSION We propose a simple method to include sunshine duration in the analysis of 25-OH-D3 levels to minimise the bias of seasonal variation. Based on our data we established the pragmatic strategy of limiting vitamin D supplementation to patients with biochemical signs of mineralisation disorders such as elevated PTH and alkaline phosphatase (AP). In children with normal PTH and AP we recommend adjustment of calcium intake and increase of outdoor activity instead.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Wechsung
- Department for Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, Center for Chronically Sick Children, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Dirk Schnabel
- Department for Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, Center for Chronically Sick Children, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Susanna Wiegand
- Department for Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, Center for Chronically Sick Children, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
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Zhou DY, Wei SM, Zhu CL, Wei YH, Wang XM, Yi LL, Yang ST, Peng QL. Age-, season- and gender-specific reference intervals of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D 3 for healthy children (0 ~ 18 years old) in Nanning area of China. J Physiol Sci 2024; 74:2. [PMID: 38166513 PMCID: PMC10763313 DOI: 10.1186/s12576-023-00895-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
Establishing specific reference intervals (RIs) of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 [25(OH)D] for children is essential for improving the accuracy of diagnosis and prognosis monitoring of diseases such as rickets and growth retardation. The study including 6,627 healthy children was conducted to establish specific RIs of 25(OH)D for children in Nanning area of China. The results showed that there were statistically significant differences among age, season, and gender of serum 25(OH)D levels, and the age-specific RIs of serum 25(OH)D were 20.3 ~ 53.6 ng/mL for 0 ~ ≤ 1 year and 18.9 ~ 49.6 ng/mL for 2 ~ ≤ 3 years. The age-, season-specific RIs of serum 25(OH)D for 4 ~ ≤ 6 years in spring-summer and autumn-winter were 15.8 ~ 42.6 ng/mL and 15.2 ~ 37.7 ng/mL, respectively. The age-, gender-specific RIs of serum 25(OH)D for 7 ~ ≤ 18 years for males and females were 12.1 ~ 36.1 ng/mL and 10.8 ~ 35.3 ng/mL, respectively. This study successfully established the RIs of serum 25(OH)D, which may help to improve disease diagnosis and monitoring for children in the Nanning area of China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Yi Zhou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Guangxi International Zhuang Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530201, Guangxi, China
| | - Shang-Mou Wei
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Guangxi International Zhuang Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530201, Guangxi, China
| | - Chun-Ling Zhu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Guangxi International Zhuang Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530201, Guangxi, China
| | - Yu-Hong Wei
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Guangxi International Zhuang Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530201, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiao-Mei Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Guangxi International Zhuang Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530201, Guangxi, China
| | - Li-Ling Yi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Guangxi International Zhuang Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530201, Guangxi, China
| | - Si-Tao Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Guangxi International Zhuang Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530201, Guangxi, China
| | - Qi-Liu Peng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Guangxi International Zhuang Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530201, Guangxi, China.
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Wolters M, Marron M, Foraita R, Hadjigeorgiou C, De Henauw S, Eiben G, Lauria F, Iglesia I, Moreno LA, Molnár D, Veidebaum T, Ahrens W, Nagrani R. Longitudinal Associations Between Vitamin D Status and Cardiometabolic Risk Markers Among Children and Adolescents. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2023; 108:e1731-e1742. [PMID: 37261399 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgad310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Vitamin D status has previously been associated with cardiometabolic risk markers in children and adolescents. In particular, it has been suggested that children with obesity are more prone to vitamin D deficiency and unfavorable metabolic outcomes compared with healthy-weight children. OBJECTIVE To conduct a longitudinal study assessing this association in children and stratify by body mass index (BMI) category. METHODS Children from the pan-European IDEFICS/I.Family cohort with at least one measurement of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] at cohort entry or follow-up (n = 2171) were included in this study. Linear mixed-effect models were used to assess the association between serum 25(OH)D as an independent variable and z-scores of cardiometabolic risk markers (waist circumference, systolic [SBP] and diastolic blood pressure [DBP], high- [HDL] and low-density lipoprotein, non-HDL, triglycerides [TRG], apolipoprotein A1 [ApoA1] and ApoB, fasting glucose [FG], homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance [HOMA-IR], and metabolic syndrome score) as dependent variables. RESULTS After adjustment for age, sex, study region, smoking and alcohol status, sports club membership, screen time, BMI, parental education, and month of blood collection, 25(OH)D levels were inversely associated with SBP, DBP, FG, HOMA-IR, and TRG. The HOMA-IR z-score decreased by 0.07 units per 5 ng/mL increase in 25(OH)D. The 25(OH)D level was consistently associated with HOMA-IR irrespective of sex or BMI category. CONCLUSION Low serum 25(OH)D concentrations are associated with unfavorable levels of cardiometabolic markers in children and adolescents. Interventions to improve vitamin D levels in children with a poor status early in life may help to reduce cardiometabolic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maike Wolters
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, D-28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Manuela Marron
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, D-28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Ronja Foraita
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, D-28359 Bremen, Germany
| | | | - Stefaan De Henauw
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Gabriele Eiben
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of Gothenburg, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Public Health, School of Health Sciences, University of Skövde, 541 28 Skövde, Sweden
| | - Fabio Lauria
- Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council, 83100 Avellino, Italy
| | - Iris Iglesia
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development) Research Group, University of Zaragoza, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS Aragón), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Primary Care Interventions to Prevent Maternal and Child Chronic Diseases of Perinatal and Developmental Origin Network (RICORS), RD21/0012/0012, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis A Moreno
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development) Research Group, University of Zaragoza, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS Aragón), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Dénes Molnár
- Department of Paediatrics, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7623 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Toomas Veidebaum
- National Institute for Health Development, 11619 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Wolfgang Ahrens
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, D-28359 Bremen, Germany
- Institute of Statistics, Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, Bremen University, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Rajini Nagrani
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, D-28359 Bremen, Germany
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Al-Mendalawi MD. Comment On: Serum Vitamin D Levels in Children and Adolescents with Vasovagal Syncope, Syncope due to Orthostatic Hypotension, and Cardiac Syncope. Turk Arch Pediatr 2023; 58:454-455. [PMID: 37317578 PMCID: PMC10441138 DOI: 10.5152/turkarchpediatr.2023.23037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mahmood D. Al-Mendalawi
- Department of Paediatrics, Paediatrics and Child Health, Al-Kindy College of Medicine, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
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Hu J, Liang Y, Wen G, Chen D, Liu Y, Zhang H, Qin X. Vitamin D status among residents of Molidawa Daur Autonomous Banner, Inner Mongolia, North China. Saudi Med J 2023; 44:413-420. [PMID: 37062548 PMCID: PMC10153618 DOI: 10.15537/smj.2023.44.4.20220780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To retrospectively analyze the vitamin D (VD) status of residents in northeastern Inner Mongolia and its relationship with the average monthly sunshine hours. METHODS Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D[s-25(OH)D] samples from 4982 outpatients (2092 males) in Moli Dawa Daur Autonomous Banner People's Hospital, Hulunbuir, China from July 2018 to January 2022 were included in this study. RESULTS The overall median s-25(OH)D was 53.3 nmol/L, VD deficiency (<30 nmol/L), deficiency (30-50 nmol/L), sufficient (>50-250 nmol/L) and excess (>250 nmol/L) were 16% (796/4982), 30% (1495/4982), 53.4% (2658/4982) and 0.7% (33/4982). There were statistically significant differences in median s-25(OH)D by month, age-groups and gender (p<0.001). Low VD status (LVDS, including VD deficiency and insufficiency) in females was 54.6% and males was 33.9%, and the LVDS composition differed significantly by age-group and month (p<0.05). The changing trend of the median s-25(OH)D level was similar to the monthly average sunshine hours, with a slight lag. CONCLUSION Nearly half of residents live in LVDS. LVDS is affected by month, gender, and age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Hu
- From the Department of Laboratory Medicine (Hu, Qin), Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, and from Department of Laboratory Medicine (Hu, Qin), Liaoning Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Shenyang; from the Department of Pediatrics (Liang), Beijing Chaoyang Hospital Affiliated Capital Medical University, Beijing; from the Department of Pediatrics (Wen, Chen, Liu, Zhang), Molidawa Daur Autonomous Banner People’s Hospital, Molidawa Daur Autonomous Banner, Hulunbuir, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China.
| | - Yunmei Liang
- From the Department of Laboratory Medicine (Hu, Qin), Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, and from Department of Laboratory Medicine (Hu, Qin), Liaoning Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Shenyang; from the Department of Pediatrics (Liang), Beijing Chaoyang Hospital Affiliated Capital Medical University, Beijing; from the Department of Pediatrics (Wen, Chen, Liu, Zhang), Molidawa Daur Autonomous Banner People’s Hospital, Molidawa Daur Autonomous Banner, Hulunbuir, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China.
| | - Guiping Wen
- From the Department of Laboratory Medicine (Hu, Qin), Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, and from Department of Laboratory Medicine (Hu, Qin), Liaoning Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Shenyang; from the Department of Pediatrics (Liang), Beijing Chaoyang Hospital Affiliated Capital Medical University, Beijing; from the Department of Pediatrics (Wen, Chen, Liu, Zhang), Molidawa Daur Autonomous Banner People’s Hospital, Molidawa Daur Autonomous Banner, Hulunbuir, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China.
| | - Dezhong Chen
- From the Department of Laboratory Medicine (Hu, Qin), Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, and from Department of Laboratory Medicine (Hu, Qin), Liaoning Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Shenyang; from the Department of Pediatrics (Liang), Beijing Chaoyang Hospital Affiliated Capital Medical University, Beijing; from the Department of Pediatrics (Wen, Chen, Liu, Zhang), Molidawa Daur Autonomous Banner People’s Hospital, Molidawa Daur Autonomous Banner, Hulunbuir, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China.
| | - Yuanjing Liu
- From the Department of Laboratory Medicine (Hu, Qin), Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, and from Department of Laboratory Medicine (Hu, Qin), Liaoning Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Shenyang; from the Department of Pediatrics (Liang), Beijing Chaoyang Hospital Affiliated Capital Medical University, Beijing; from the Department of Pediatrics (Wen, Chen, Liu, Zhang), Molidawa Daur Autonomous Banner People’s Hospital, Molidawa Daur Autonomous Banner, Hulunbuir, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China.
| | - Hongmei Zhang
- From the Department of Laboratory Medicine (Hu, Qin), Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, and from Department of Laboratory Medicine (Hu, Qin), Liaoning Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Shenyang; from the Department of Pediatrics (Liang), Beijing Chaoyang Hospital Affiliated Capital Medical University, Beijing; from the Department of Pediatrics (Wen, Chen, Liu, Zhang), Molidawa Daur Autonomous Banner People’s Hospital, Molidawa Daur Autonomous Banner, Hulunbuir, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China.
| | - Xiaosong Qin
- From the Department of Laboratory Medicine (Hu, Qin), Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, and from Department of Laboratory Medicine (Hu, Qin), Liaoning Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Shenyang; from the Department of Pediatrics (Liang), Beijing Chaoyang Hospital Affiliated Capital Medical University, Beijing; from the Department of Pediatrics (Wen, Chen, Liu, Zhang), Molidawa Daur Autonomous Banner People’s Hospital, Molidawa Daur Autonomous Banner, Hulunbuir, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China.
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Comparison of cord blood and 6-month-old vitamin D levels of healthy term infants supplemented with 400 IU/day dose of vitamin D. Eur J Clin Nutr 2023; 77:182-188. [PMID: 36241726 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-022-01220-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the prevalence and risk factors of vitamin D deficiency in pregnant women and their infants at birth (cord blood) and at six months of age in Turkey, as well as to assess the compliance rates of families with vitamin D supplementation. METHODS Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] level was measured of the mothers before delivery and of the infants both at birth (cord blood) and at six months of age. Infants who received and did not take regular vitamin D supplements were compared in terms of 25(OH) levels. Independent risk factors were determined by multiple logistic regression analysis. RESULTS The study included a total of 140 pregnant women and their infants. Vitamin D deficiency was found in 95.7% of the mothers. The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was 87.1% in infants at birth but decreased to 5.8% at sixth month. 65.7% of infants received vitamin D supplements regularly. Despite regular vitamin D use, it was determined that 2.2% of the infants in the supplementation compliant group had vitamin D deficiency. Maternal age, maternal education level, and the number of siblings were determined to be determining factors on infants' 25(OH)D levels at six months (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS In Turkey, vitamin D deficiency still exists in both pregnant women and infants. Healthcare professionals and the public need to be more educated about the importance of regular supplementation. Serum 25(OH)D levels of infants should be tested periodically and personalized vitamin D supplementation planning is required based on test results.
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Larouche R, Kleinfeld M, Charles Rodriguez U, Hatten C, Hecker V, Scott DR, Brown LM, Onyeso OK, Sadia F, Shimamura H. Determinants of Outdoor Time in Children and Youth: A Systematic Review of Longitudinal and Intervention Studies. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:1328. [PMID: 36674085 PMCID: PMC9859594 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20021328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Spending more time outdoors can improve children's social and cognitive development, physical activity, and vision. Our systematic review summarized the determinants of outdoor time (OT) based on the social-ecological model. We searched nine databases: MEDLINE, APA PsycINFO, Web of Science, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, ERIC, SocINDEX, and ProQuest Dissertations and Theses. To be included, studies needed to be quantitative and longitudinal, include ≥1 potential determinant of OT among 0- to 17-year-olds, and be published in English, French, Japanese, or Spanish. We extracted the authors, publication year, country, design, sample size, OT measures, follow-up period, potential determinants, main results, and potential moderators or mediators. Fifty-five studies examining 119 potential determinants met the inclusion criteria. OT was consistently higher in warmer seasons and among participants reporting more OT at baseline. All three interventions that included both parent sessions and additional resources to promote OT (e.g., specific advice and community guides) were effective. COVID-19 restrictions and sun safety interventions discouraging midday outdoor activities led to less OT. The quality of evidence was rated as weak for 46 studies. Most potential determinants were examined in ≤3 studies; thus, more longitudinal studies are needed to enable stronger conclusions about the consistency of evidence and meta-analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Larouche
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - Madeline Kleinfeld
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada
| | | | - Cheryl Hatten
- School of Human Services, Lethbridge College, Lethbridge, AB T1K 1L6, Canada
| | - Victoria Hecker
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - David R. Scott
- Library, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - Leanna Marie Brown
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - Ogochukwu K. Onyeso
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - Farzana Sadia
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - Hanako Shimamura
- Faculty of Applied Community Studies, Douglas College, Coquitlam, BC V3B 7X3, Canada
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Gilic B, Kosor J, Jimenez-Pavon D, Markic J, Karin Z, Domic DS, Sekulic D. Associations of Vitamin D Levels with Physical Fitness and Motor Performance; A Cross-Sectional Study in Youth Soccer Players from Southern Croatia. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10080751. [PMID: 34439983 PMCID: PMC8389772 DOI: 10.3390/biology10080751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Vitamin D is a fat-soluble prohormone crucial for bone mineralization, muscle contractility, and neurological conductivity. It is theorized that Vitamin D plays an important role in sport performances, especially in young athletes. In this study we examined the associations of levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) with physical fitness and motor-performance achievements in youth soccer players from Southern Croatia. Participants were tested on physical fitness, motor performance and vitamin D at the end of the winter period, when levels of vitamin D are known to be lowest due to low exposure to sunlight. Results showed that deficiency of 25(OH)D was widespread among youth soccer players living in Southern Croatia. Low 25(OH)D levels were associated with lower results in fitness tests (i.e., tests of energetic capacities), but there was no correlation between 25(OH)D levels and the results in motor performance tests (i.e., skill tests). Our results support the theory of the association between vitamin D and energetic capacities of athletes, but there is no evidence on association between vitamin D and skill-based capacities. Abstract Vitamin D level is known to be a factor potentially influencing physical fitness, but few studies have examined this phenomenon among youth athletes. We aimed to evaluate the associations of vitamin D levels (as measured by 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations—25(OH)D) with various physical fitness and motor performance tests in youth football (soccer) players. This cross-sectional study included a total of 52 youth soccer players (15.98 ± 2.26 years old) from Southern Croatia. The participants were evaluated at the end of the winter period and data were collected of anthropometric measures (body mass and body height), vitamin D status (25(OH)D levels), physical fitness tests (sprints of 10 and 20 m, 20 yards test, the countermovement jump, the reactive strength index (RSI)) and motor performance tests (the soccer-specific CODS, the soccer-specific agility, and static balance). Among the studied players, 54% had 25(OH)D insufficiency/deficiency, showing a lack of 25(OH)D is widespread even in youth athletes living at a southern latitude. The 25(OH)D level was correlated with sprint 20 m, 20 yards tests, and RSI, showing a greater role of 25(OH)D in physical fitness tests where energetic capacity is essential than in sport-related motor performance tests where skills are crucial. Our results support the idea that vitamin D can play a determinant role in physical fitness tests with a clear physiological component, but is not crucial in motor performance tests related to specific sports where skills are a key component. Future studies should investigate the effects of vitamin D supplementation on the performance in physical fitness and motor performance tests among youth athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Gilic
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia;
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jelena Kosor
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia; (J.K.); (J.M.)
| | - David Jimenez-Pavon
- MOVE-IT Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cadiz, 11519 Cadiz, Spain;
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cadiz (INiBICA) Research Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital University of Cadiz, 11009 Cadiz, Spain
- CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), 28001 Madrid, Spain
| | - Josko Markic
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia; (J.K.); (J.M.)
- School of Medicine, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Zeljka Karin
- Teaching Institute of Public Health of Split Dalmatian County, 21000 Split, Croatia;
| | - Daniela Supe Domic
- Department of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics, University Hospital of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia;
- Department of Health Studies, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Damir Sekulic
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia;
- Correspondence:
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