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Li W, Li H, Lu C, Zhao J, Xu H, Xu Z, Mitchell B, Jiang Y, Gu HQ, Xu Q, Wang A, Meng X, Lin J, Jing J, Li Z, Zhu W, Liang Z, Wang M, Wang Y. Neglected Mendelian causes of stroke in adult Chinese patients who had an ischaemic stroke or transient ischaemic attack. Stroke Vasc Neurol 2024; 9:194-201. [PMID: 37495379 PMCID: PMC11221298 DOI: 10.1136/svn-2022-002158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Multiple factors play important roles in the occurrence and prognosis of stroke. However, the roles of monogenic variants in all-cause ischaemic stroke have not been systematically investigated. We aim to identify underdiagnosed monogenic stroke in an adult ischaemic stroke/transient ischaemic attack (TIA) cohort (the Third China National Stroke Registry, CNSR-III). METHODS Targeted next-generation sequencing for 181 genes associated with stroke was conducted on DNA samples from 10 428 patients recruited through CNSR-III. The genetic and clinical data from electronic health records (EHRs) were reviewed for completion of the diagnostic process. We assessed the percentages of individuals with pathogenic or likely pathogenic (P/LP) variants, and the diagnostic yield of pathogenic variants in known monogenic disease genes with associated phenotypes. RESULTS In total, 1953 individuals harboured at least one P/LP variant out of 10 428 patients. Then, 792 (7.6%) individuals (comprising 759 individuals harbouring one P/LP variant in one gene, 29 individuals harbouring two or more P/LP variants in different genes and 4 individuals with two P/LP variants in ABCC6) were predicted to be at risk for one or more monogenic diseases based on the inheritance pattern. Finally, 230 of 792 individuals manifested a clinical phenotype in the EHR data to support the diagnosis of stroke with a monogenic cause. The most diagnosed Mendelian cause of stroke in the cohort was cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy. There were no relationships between age or family history and the incidence of first symptomatic monogenic stroke in patients. CONCLUSION The rate of monogenic cause of stroke was 2.2% after reviewing the clinical phenotype. Possible reasons that Mendelian causes of stroke may be missed in adult patients who had an ischaemic stroke/TIA include a late onset of stroke symptoms, combination with common vascular risks and the absence of a prominent family history.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Li
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chaoxia Lu
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jialu Zhao
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Huichun Xu
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Zhe Xu
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Braxton Mitchell
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Yong Jiang
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hong-Qiu Gu
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qin Xu
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Anxin Wang
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xia Meng
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jinxi Lin
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Jing
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zixiao Li
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wanlin Zhu
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhigang Liang
- Department of Neurology, Qindao University Medical College Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Mengxing Wang
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yongjun Wang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Clinical Center for Precision Medicine in Stroke, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Bui HTT, Nguyễn Thị Phương Q, Cam Tu H, Nguyen Phuong S, Pham TT, Vu T, Nguyen Thi Thu H, Khanh Ho L, Nguyen Tien D. The Roles of NOTCH3 p.R544C and Thrombophilia Genes in Vietnamese Patients With Ischemic Stroke: Study Involving a Hierarchical Cluster Analysis. JMIR BIOINFORMATICS AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 5:e56884. [PMID: 38935968 PMCID: PMC11135231 DOI: 10.2196/56884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The etiology of ischemic stroke is multifactorial. Several gene mutations have been identified as leading causes of cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL), a hereditary disease that causes stroke and other neurological symptoms. OBJECTIVE We aimed to identify the variants of NOTCH3 and thrombophilia genes, and their complex interactions with other factors. METHODS We conducted a hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) on the data of 100 patients diagnosed with ischemic stroke. The variants of NOTCH3 and thrombophilia genes were identified by polymerase chain reaction with confronting 2-pair primers and real-time polymerase chain reaction. The overall preclinical characteristics, cumulative cutpoint values, and factors associated with these somatic mutations were analyzed in unidimensional and multidimensional scaling models. RESULTS We identified the following optimal cutpoints: creatinine, 83.67 (SD 9.19) µmol/L; age, 54 (SD 5) years; prothrombin (PT) time, 13.25 (SD 0.17) seconds; and international normalized ratio (INR), 1.02 (SD 0.03). Using the Nagelkerke method, cutpoint 50% values of the Glasgow Coma Scale score; modified Rankin scale score; and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale scores at admission, after 24 hours, and at discharge were 12.77, 2.86 (SD 1.21), 9.83 (SD 2.85), 7.29 (SD 2.04), and 6.85 (SD 2.90), respectively. CONCLUSIONS The variants of MTHFR (C677T and A1298C) and NOTCH3 p.R544C may influence the stroke severity under specific conditions of PT, creatinine, INR, and BMI, with risk ratios of 4.8 (95% CI 1.53-15.04) and 3.13 (95% CI 1.60-6.11), respectively (Pfisher<.05). It is interesting that although there are many genes linked to increased atrial fibrillation risk, not all of them are associated with ischemic stroke risk. With the detection of stroke risk loci, more information can be gained on their impacts and interconnections, especially in young patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huong Thi Thu Bui
- Department of Biochemistry, Thai Nguyen University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Thai Nguyen, Vietnam
- Department of Immunology Molecular Genetic, Thainguyen National Hospital, Thai Nguyen, Vietnam
| | - Quỳnh Nguyễn Thị Phương
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Thai Nguyen University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Thai Nguyen, Vietnam
| | - Ho Cam Tu
- Center of Gene and Protein Research, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Institute of Virology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sinh Nguyen Phuong
- Department of Rehabilitation, Thai Nguyen University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Thai Nguyen, Vietnam
| | - Thuy Thi Pham
- Department of Biochemistry, Thai Nguyen University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Thai Nguyen, Vietnam
| | - Thu Vu
- Center of Gene and Protein Research, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Huyen Nguyen Thi Thu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Thai Nguyen University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Thai Nguyen, Vietnam
| | - Lam Khanh Ho
- Department of Telecomunication, Hung Yen University of Technology and Education, Hung Yen, Vietnam
| | - Dung Nguyen Tien
- Department of Internal Medicine, Thai Nguyen University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Thai Nguyen, Vietnam
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Enokizono M, Kurokawa R, Yagishita A, Nakata Y, Koyasu S, Nihira H, Kuwashima S, Aida N, Kono T, Mori H. Clinical and neuroimaging review of monogenic cerebral small vessel disease from the prenatal to adolescent developmental stage. Jpn J Radiol 2024; 42:109-125. [PMID: 37847489 PMCID: PMC10810974 DOI: 10.1007/s11604-023-01493-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD) refers to a group of pathological processes with various etiologies affecting the small vessels of the brain. Most cases are sporadic, with age-related and hypertension-related sSVD and cerebral amyloid angiopathy being the most prevalent forms. Monogenic cSVD accounts for up to 5% of causes of stroke. Several causative genes have been identified. Sporadic cSVD has been widely studied whereas monogenic cSVD is still poorly characterized and understood. The majority of cases of both the sporadic and monogenic types, including cerebral autosomal-dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL), typically have their onset in adulthood. Types of cSVD with infantile and childhood onset are rare, and their diagnosis is often challenging. The present review discusses the clinical and neuroimaging findings of monogenic cSVD from the prenatal to adolescent period of development. Early diagnosis is crucial to enabling timely interventions and family counseling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikako Enokizono
- Department of Radiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Children's Medical Center, 2-8-29 Musashidai, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8561, Japan.
| | - Ryo Kurokawa
- Department of Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Yagishita
- Department of Neuroradiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Neurological Hospital, Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Nakata
- Department of Neuroradiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Neurological Hospital, Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sho Koyasu
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nihira
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shigeko Kuwashima
- Department of Radiology, Dokkyo Medical University, Shimotsuga-gun, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Noriko Aida
- Department of Radiology, Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Kono
- Department of Radiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Children's Medical Center, 2-8-29 Musashidai, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8561, Japan
| | - Harushi Mori
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
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Ostrem BEL, Godfrey D, Caruso PA, Musolino PL. Monogenic Causes of Cerebrovascular Disease in Childhood: A Case Series. Pediatr Neurol 2023; 149:39-43. [PMID: 37776659 DOI: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2023.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite an increase in the number of genes associated with pediatric stroke, imaging phenotypes in children have not been well reported. Guidelines are needed to facilitate the identification and treatment of patients with monogenic causes of cerebrovascular disorders. METHODS We performed a retrospective review of imaging and medical records of patients aged zero to 21 years with monogenic causes of vascular malformations, small or large vessel disease, transient ischemic attacks, and/or ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke. We classified patients according to their imaging phenotype and reviewed neurological and systemic features and management strategies. We reviewed the literature to identify genes associated with cerebrovascular disorders presenting in childhood. RESULTS We identified 18 patients with monogenic causes of cerebrovascular disorders and classified each patient as belonging to one or more of three cerebrovascular phenotypes according to predominant imaging characteristics: small vessel disease, large vessel disease, and/or vascular malformations. Preventative treatments included aspirin, N-acetylcysteine, tocilizumab, therapeutic low-molecular-weight heparin, and resection of vascular malformations. CONCLUSIONS Classifying pediatric patients with cerebrovascular disorders by imaging phenotype can aid in determining the next steps in genetic testing and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bridget E L Ostrem
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California.
| | - Deena Godfrey
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Paul A Caruso
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Lenox Hill Radiology and Medical Imaging Associates, New York, New York
| | - Patricia L Musolino
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
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Belykh AE, Soldatov VO, Stetskaya TA, Kobzeva KA, Soldatova MO, Polonikov AV, Deykin AV, Churnosov MI, Freidin MB, Bushueva OY. Polymorphism of SERF2, the gene encoding a heat-resistant obscure (Hero) protein with chaperone activity, is a novel link in ischemic stroke. IBRO Neurosci Rep 2023; 14:453-461. [PMID: 37252629 PMCID: PMC10209486 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibneur.2023.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Ischemic stroke (IS) is one of the most serious cardiovascular events associated with high risk of death or disability. The growing body of evidence highlights molecular chaperones as especially important players in the pathogenesis of the disease. Since six small proteins called "Hero" have been recently identified as a novel class of chaperones we aimed to evaluate whether SNP rs4644832 in SERF2 gene encoding the member of Hero-proteins, is associated with the risk of IS. Methods A total of 1929 unrelated Russians (861 patients with IS and 1068 healthy individuals) from Central Russia were recruited into the study. Genotyping was done using a probe-based PCR approach. Statistical analysis was carried out in the whole group and stratified by age, gender and smoking status. Results Analysis of the link between rs4644832 SERF2 and IS showed that G allele is the risk factor of IS only in females (OR=1.29, 95%CI 1.02-1.64, Padj=0.035). In addition, the analysis of associations of rs4644832 SERF2 and IS depending on the smoking status revealed that this genetic variant is associated with an increased risk of IS exclusively in non-smoking individuals (OR=1.26, 95%CI 1.01-1.56, P = 0.041). Discussion Sex- and smoking interactions between rs4644832 polymorphism and IS may be related to the impact of tobacco components metabolism and sex hormones on SERF2 expression. Conclusion The present study reveals the novel genetic association between rs4644832 polymorphism and the risk of IS suggesting that SERF2, the part of the protein quality control system, contributes to the pathogenesis of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei E. Belykh
- Pathophysiology Department, Kursk State Medical University, Kursk, Russia
| | - Vladislav O. Soldatov
- Laboratory of Genome Editing for Veterinary and Biomedicine, Belgorod State National Research University, Belgorod, Russia
| | - Tatiana A. Stetskaya
- Laboratory of Statistical Genetics and Bioinformatics, Research Institute for Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology, Kursk State Medical University, Kursk, Russia
| | - Ksenia A. Kobzeva
- Laboratory of Genomic Research, Research Institute for Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology, Kursk State Medical University, Kursk, Russia
| | - Maria O. Soldatova
- Laboratory of Genomic Research, Research Institute for Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology, Kursk State Medical University, Kursk, Russia
| | - Alexey V. Polonikov
- Laboratory of Statistical Genetics and Bioinformatics, Research Institute for Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology, Kursk State Medical University, Kursk, Russia
- Department of Biology, Medical Genetics and Ecology, Kursk State Medical University, Kursk, Russia
| | - Alexey V. Deykin
- Laboratory of Genome Editing for Veterinary and Biomedicine, Belgorod State National Research University, Belgorod, Russia
| | - Mikhail I. Churnosov
- Department of Medical Biological Disciplines, Belgorod State National Research University, Belgorod, Russia
| | - Maxim B. Freidin
- Laboratory of Population Genetics, Research Institute of Medical Genetics, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Science, Tomsk, Russia
- Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Olga Y. Bushueva
- Laboratory of Genomic Research, Research Institute for Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology, Kursk State Medical University, Kursk, Russia
- Department of Biology, Medical Genetics and Ecology, Kursk State Medical University, Kursk, Russia
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Qin RX, Yang Y, Chen JF, Huang LJ, Xu W, Qin QC, Liang XJ, Lai XY, Huang XY, Xie MS, Chen L. Transcriptomic analysis reveals the potential biological mechanism of AIS and lung adenocarcinoma. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1119160. [PMID: 37265472 PMCID: PMC10229805 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1119160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) and lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) are associated with some of the highest morbidity and mortality rates worldwide. Despite reports on their strong correlation, the causal relationship is not fully understood. The study aimed to identify and annotate the biological functions of hub genes with clinical diagnostic efficacy in AIS and LUAD. Methods Transcriptome and single-cell datasets were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). We identified the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) upregulated in AIS and LUAD and found 372 genes intersecting both datasets. Hub genes were identified using protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks, and the diagnostic and prognostic utility of these hub genes was then investigated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, survival analysis, and univariable Cox proportional hazard regression. Single-cell analysis was used to detect whether the hub genes were expressed in tumor epithelial cells. The immune microenvironment of AIS and LUAD was assessed using the CIBERSORT algorithm. The protein expression of these hub genes was tracked using the Human Protein Atlas (HPA). We calculated the number of positive cells using the digital pathology software QuPath. Finally, we performed molecular docking after using the Enrichr database to predict possible medicines. Results We identified the molecular mechanisms underlying hub genes in AIS and LUAD and found that CCNA2, CCNB1, CDKN2A, and CDK1 were highly expressed in AIS and LUAD tissue samples compared to controls. The hub genes were mainly involved in the following pathways: the cell cycle, cellular senescence, and the HIF-1 signaling pathway. Using immunohistochemical slices from the HPA database, we confirmed that these hub genes have a high diagnostic capability for AIS and LUAD. Further, their high expression is associated with poor prognosis. Finally, curcumin was tested as a potential medication using molecular docking modeling. Discussion Our findings suggest that the hub genes we found in this study contribute to the development and progression of AIS and LUAD by altering the cellular senescence pathway. Thus, they may be promising markers for diagnosis and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong-Xing Qin
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Yue Yang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Jia-Feng Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Li-Juan Huang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Qing-Chun Qin
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Xiao-Jun Liang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Xin-Yu Lai
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Regenerative Medicine and Medical BioResource Development and Application Co-constructed by the Province and Ministry, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Xiao-Ying Huang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Min-Shan Xie
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine and Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
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Alkhamis FA, Alabdali MM, Alsulaiman AA, Alamri AS, Alali R, Akhtar MS, Alsalman SA, Cyrus C, Albakr AI, Alduhalan AS, Gandla D, Al-Romaih K, Abouelhoda M, Loza BL, Keating B, Al-Ali AK. Whole-exome sequencing analyses in a Saudi Ischemic Stroke Cohort reveal association signals, and shows polygenic risk scores are related to Modified Rankin Scale Risk. Funct Integr Genomics 2023; 23:102. [PMID: 36973604 PMCID: PMC10042957 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-023-01039-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke represents a significant societal burden across the globe. Rare high penetrant monogenic variants and less pathogenic common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been described as being associated with risk of diseases. Genetic studies in Saudi Arabian patients offer a greater opportunity to detect rare high penetrant mutations enriched in these consanguineous populations. We performed whole exome sequencing on 387 ischemic stroke subjects from Saudi Arabian hospital networks with up to 20,230 controls from the Saudi Human Genome Project and performed gene burden analyses of variants in 177 a priori loci derived from knowledge-driven curation of monogenic and genome-wide association studies of stroke. Using gene-burden analyses, we observed significant associations in numerous loci under autosomal dominant and/or recessive modelling. Stroke subjects with modified Rankin Scale (mRSs) above 3 were found to carry greater cumulative polygenic risk score (PRS) from rare variants in stroke genes (standardized PRS mean > 0) compared to the population average (standardized PRS mean = 0). However, patients with mRS of 3 or lower had lower cumulative genetic risk from rare variants in stroke genes (OR (95%CI) = 1.79 (1.29-2.49), p = 0.0005), with the means of standardized PRS at or lower than 0. In conclusion, gene burden testing in Saudi stroke populations reveals a number of statistically significant signals under different disease inheritance models. However, interestingly, stroke subjects with mRS of 3 or lower had lower cumulative genetic risk from rare variants in stroke genes and therefore, determining the potential mRS cutoffs to use for clinical significance may allow risk stratification of this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahad A Alkhamis
- Department of Neurology, King Fahd Hospital of The University, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Majed M Alabdali
- Department of Neurology, King Fahd Hospital of The University, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulla A Alsulaiman
- Department of Neurology, King Fahd Hospital of The University, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah S Alamri
- Department of Neurology, King Fahd Hospital of The University, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rudaynah Alali
- Department of Internal Medicine, King Fahd Hospital of The University, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed S Akhtar
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sadiq A Alsalman
- Department of Neurology, King Fahd Hospital, Alhafof, Saudi Arabia
| | - Cyril Cyrus
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aishah I Albakr
- Department of Neurology, King Fahd Hospital of The University, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anas S Alduhalan
- Department of Neurology, King Fahd Hospital of The University, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Divya Gandla
- Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania, PA, 19104, USA
| | | | | | - Bao-Li Loza
- Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Brendan Keating
- Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Amein K Al-Ali
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia.
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Updated Stroke Gene Panels: Rapid evolution of knowledge on monogenic causes of stroke. Eur J Hum Genet 2023; 31:239-242. [PMID: 36253534 PMCID: PMC9905069 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-022-01207-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
This article updates our previous Stroke Gene Panels (SGP) from 2017. Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man and PubMed were searched. We divided detected genes into two SGP groups, SGP1: genes reported in at least one person with stroke and associated with one or more clinical subgroups: large artery atherosclerotic, large artery non-atherosclerotic (tortuosity, dolichoectasia, aneurysm, non-atherosclerotic dissection or occlusion), cerebral small vessel diseases, cardio-embolic (arrhythmia, heart defect, cardiomyopathy), coagulation dysfunctions (venous thrombosis, arterial thrombosis, bleeding tendency), intracerebral hemorrhage, vascular malformations (cavernoma, arteriovenous malformations) and metabolism disorders; and SGP2: genes related to diseases that may predispose to stroke. We identified 168 SGP1 genes, 70 of these were validated for clinical practice. We also detected 72 SGP2 genes. Nine genes were removed because of conflicting evidence. The number of genes increased from 168 to 240 during 4.5-years, reflecting a dynamic evolution and the need for regular updates for research and clinical use.
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Härtl J, Hartberger J, Wunderlich S, Cordts I, Bafligil C, Sturm M, Westphal D, Haack T, Hemmer B, Ikenberg BD, Deschauer M. Exome-based gene panel analysis in a cohort of acute juvenile ischemic stroke patients:relevance of NOTCH3 and GLA variants. J Neurol 2023; 270:1501-1511. [PMID: 36411388 PMCID: PMC9971083 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-022-11401-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic variants are considered to have a crucial impact on the occurrence of ischemic stroke. In clinical routine, the diagnostic value of next-generation sequencing (NGS) in the medical clarification of acute juvenile stroke has not been investigated so far. MATERIAL AND METHODS We analyzed an exome-based gene panel of 349 genes in 172 clinically well-characterized patients with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-proven, juvenile (age ≤ 55 years), ischemic stroke admitted to a single comprehensive stroke center. RESULTS Monogenetic diseases causing ischemic stroke were observed in five patients (2.9%): In three patients with lacunar stroke (1.7%), we identified pathogenic variants in NOTCH3 causing cerebral autosomal-dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL). Hence, CADASIL was identified at a frequency of 12.5% in the lacunar stroke subgroup. Further, in two male patients (1.2%) suffering from lacunar and cardioembolic stroke, pathogenic variants in GLA causing Fabry's disease were present. Additionally, genetic variants in monogenetic diseases lacking impact on stroke occurrence, variants of unclear significance (VUS) in monogenetic diseases, and (cardiovascular-) risk genes in ischemic stroke were observed in a total of 15 patients (15.7%). CONCLUSION Genetic screening for Fabry's disease in cardioembolic and lacunar stroke as well as CADASIL in lacunar stroke might be beneficial in routine medical work-up of acute juvenile ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Härtl
- School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Department of Neurology, Technical University of Munich, Ismaningerstr. 22, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Julia Hartberger
- School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Department of Neurology, Technical University of Munich, Ismaningerstr. 22, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Silke Wunderlich
- School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Department of Neurology, Technical University of Munich, Ismaningerstr. 22, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Isabell Cordts
- School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Department of Neurology, Technical University of Munich, Ismaningerstr. 22, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Cemsel Bafligil
- School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Department of Neurology, Technical University of Munich, Ismaningerstr. 22, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Marc Sturm
- School of Medicine, Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, Eberhard Karls University, Universitaetsklinikum Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | | | - Dominik Westphal
- School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Department of Cardiology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany ,School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Institute of Human Genetics, Munich, Germany
| | - Tobias Haack
- School of Medicine, Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, Eberhard Karls University, Universitaetsklinikum Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany ,School of Medicine, Centre for Rare Diseases, Eberhard Karls University, Universitaetsklinikum Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Bernhard Hemmer
- School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Department of Neurology, Technical University of Munich, Ismaningerstr. 22, 81675 Munich, Germany ,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology, (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Benno David Ikenberg
- School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Department of Neurology, Technical University of Munich, Ismaningerstr. 22, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Marcus Deschauer
- School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Department of Neurology, Technical University of Munich, Ismaningerstr. 22, 81675, Munich, Germany.
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10
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Chang LH, Chi NF, Chen CY, Lin YS, Hsu SL, Tsai JY, Huang HC, Lin CJ, Chung CP, Tung CY, Jeng CJ, Lee YC, Liu YT, Lee IH. Monogenic Causes in Familial Stroke Across Intracerebral Hemorrhage and Ischemic Stroke Subtypes Identified by Whole-Exome Sequencing. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2022:10.1007/s10571-022-01315-3. [PMID: 36580209 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-022-01315-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Whole exome sequencing (WES) has been used to detect rare causative variants in neurological diseases. However, the efficacy of WES in genetic diagnosis of clinically heterogeneous familial stroke remains inconclusive. We prospectively searched for disease-causing variants in unrelated probands with defined familial stroke by candidate gene/hotspot screening and/or WES, depending on stroke subtypes and neuroimaging features at a referral center. The clinical significance of each variant was determined according to the American College of Medical Genetics guidelines. Among 161 probands (mean age at onset 53.2 ± 13.7 years; male 63.4%), 33 participants (20.5%) had been identified with 19 pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants (PVs; WES applied 152/161 = 94.4%). Across subtypes, the highest hit rate (HR) was intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH, 7/18 = 38.9%), particularly with the etiological subtype of structural vasculopathy (4/4 = 100%, PVs in ENG, KRIT1, PKD1, RNF213); followed by ischemic small vessel disease (SVD, 15/48 = 31.3%; PVs in NOTCH3, HTRA1, HBB). In contrast, large artery atherosclerosis (LAA, 4/44 = 9.1%) and cardioembolism (0/11 = 0%) had the lowest HR. NOTCH3 was the most common causative gene (16/161 = 9.9%), presenting with multiple subtypes of SVD (n = 13), ICH (n = 2), or LAA (n = 1). Importantly, we disclosed two previously unreported PVs, KRIT1 p.E379* in a familial cerebral cavernous malformation, and F2 p.F382L in a familial cerebral venous sinus thrombosis. The contribution of monogenic etiologies was particularly high in familial ICH and SVD subtypes in our Taiwanese cohort. Utilizing subtype-guided hotspot screening and/or subsequent WES, we unraveled monogenic causes in 20.5% familial stroke probands, including 1.2% novel PVs. Genetic diagnosis may enable early diagnosis, management and lifestyle modification. Among 161 familial stroke probands, 33 (20.5%) had been identified pathogenic or likely pathogenic monogenic variants related to stroke. The positive hit rate among all subtypes was high in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and ischemic small vessel disease (SVD). Notably, two previously unreported variants, KRIT1 p.E379* in a familial cerebral cavernous malformation and F2 p.F382L in familial cerebral venous sinus thrombosis, were disclosed. CVT cerebral venous thrombosis; HTN Hypertensive subtype; LAA large artery atherosclerosis; SV structural vasculopathy; U Undetermined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Hsin Chang
- Institute of Brain Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Nai-Fang Chi
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No. 201, Sec. 2, Shipai Rd., Beitou District, 11217, Taipei City, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yu Chen
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No. 201, Sec. 2, Shipai Rd., Beitou District, 11217, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Shuan Lin
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No. 201, Sec. 2, Shipai Rd., Beitou District, 11217, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Shao-Lun Hsu
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No. 201, Sec. 2, Shipai Rd., Beitou District, 11217, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Yao Tsai
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No. 201, Sec. 2, Shipai Rd., Beitou District, 11217, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Chi Huang
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No. 201, Sec. 2, Shipai Rd., Beitou District, 11217, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Jen Lin
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No. 201, Sec. 2, Shipai Rd., Beitou District, 11217, Taipei City, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ping Chung
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No. 201, Sec. 2, Shipai Rd., Beitou District, 11217, Taipei City, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Yi Tung
- Cancer Progression Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Jiuan Jeng
- Brain Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chung Lee
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No. 201, Sec. 2, Shipai Rd., Beitou District, 11217, Taipei City, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Brain Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yo-Tsen Liu
- Institute of Brain Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No. 201, Sec. 2, Shipai Rd., Beitou District, 11217, Taipei City, Taiwan. .,School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Brain Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - I-Hui Lee
- Institute of Brain Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No. 201, Sec. 2, Shipai Rd., Beitou District, 11217, Taipei City, Taiwan. .,School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Brain Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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11
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Hausman-Kedem M, Herring R, Torres MD, Santoro JD, Kaseka ML, Vargas C, Amico G, Bertamino M, Nagesh D, Tilley J, Schenk A, Ben-Shachar S, Musolino PL. The Genetic Landscape of Ischemic Stroke in Children - Current Knowledge and Future Perspectives. Semin Pediatr Neurol 2022; 44:100999. [PMID: 36456039 DOI: 10.1016/j.spen.2022.100999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Stroke in childhood has multiple etiologies, which are mostly distinct from those in adults. Genetic discoveries over the last decade pointed to monogenic disorders as a rare but significant cause of ischemic stroke in children and young adults, including small vessel and arterial ischemic stroke. These discoveries contributed to the understanding that stroke in children may be a sign of an underlying genetic disease. The identification of these diseases requires a detailed medical and family history collection, a careful clinical evaluation for the detection of systemic symptoms and signs, and neuroimaging assessment. Establishing an accurate etiological diagnosis and understanding the genetic risk factors for stroke are essential steps to decipher the underlying mechanisms, optimize the design of tailored prevention strategies, and facilitate the identification of novel therapeutic targets in some cases. Despite the increasing recognition of monogenic causes of stroke, genetic disorders remain understudied and therefore under-recognized in children with stroke. Increased awareness among healthcare providers is essential to facilitate accurate diagnosis in a timely manner. In this review, we provide a summary of the main single-gene disorders which may present as ischemic stroke in childhood and describe their clinical manifestations. We provide a set of practical suggestions for the diagnostic work up of these uncommon causes of stroke, based upon the stroke subtype and imaging characteristics that may suggest a monogenic diagnosis of ischemic stroke in children. Current hurdles in the genetic analyses of children with ischemic stroke as well as future prospectives are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moran Hausman-Kedem
- Pediatric Neurology Institute, Dana Children's Hospital, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Israel; The Sacker Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - Rachelle Herring
- Neurology Department, Cook Children's Medical Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Marcela D Torres
- Hematology Department, Cook Children's Medical Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Jonathan D Santoro
- Division of Neurology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine at the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | | | - Carolina Vargas
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Giulia Amico
- Laboratory of Human Genetics, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Marta Bertamino
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Unit, IRCCS Instituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Deepti Nagesh
- Division of Neurology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine at the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Jo Tilley
- Departments of Hematology and Neurology, Cook Children's Medical Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Allyson Schenk
- Research Data Science and Analytics Department-Stroke and Thrombosis Program, Cook Children's Medical Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Shay Ben-Shachar
- Research Data Science and Analytics Department-Stroke and Thrombosis Program, Cook Children's Medical Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA; Clalit Research Institute, Innovation Division, Clalit Health Services, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Patricia L Musolino
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Center for Rare Neurological Disorders, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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12
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Hale AT, He J, Jones J. Integrative Genomics Analysis Implicates Decreased FGD6 Expression Underlying Risk of Intracranial Aneurysm Rupture. NEUROSURGERY OPEN 2022. [DOI: 10.1227/neuopn.0000000000000025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
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13
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Hale AT, He J, Jones J. Multinational Genome-Wide Association Study and Functional Genomics Analysis Implicates Decreased SIRT3 Expression Underlying Intracranial Aneurysm Risk. Neurosurgery 2022; 91:625-632. [PMID: 35838494 DOI: 10.1227/neu.0000000000002082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The genetic mechanisms regulating intracranial aneurysm (IA) formation and rupture are largely unknown. To identify germline-genetic risk factors for IA, we perform a multinational genome-wide association study (GWAS) of individuals from the United Kingdom, Finland, and Japan. OBJECTIVE To identify a shared, multinational genetic basis of IA. METHODS Using GWAS summary statistics from UK Biobank, FinnGen, and Biobank Japan, we perform a meta-analysis of IA, containing ruptured and unruptured IA cases. Logistic regression was used to identify IA-associated single-nucleotide polymorphisms. Effect size was calculated using the coefficient r , estimating the contribution of the single-nucleotide polymorphism to the genetic variance of the trait. Genome-wide significance was set at 5.0 × 10 -8 . Expression quantitative trait loci mapping and functional genomics approaches were used to infer mechanistic consequences of implicated variants. RESULTS Our cohort contained 155 154 individuals (3132 IA cases and 152 022 controls). We identified 4 genetic loci reaching genome-wide: rs73392700 ( SIRT3 , effect size = 0.28, P = 4.3 × 10 -12 ), rs58721068 ( EDNRA , effect size = -0.20, P = 4.8 × 10 -12 ), rs4977574 ( AL359922.1 , effect size = 0.18, P = 7.9 × 10 -12 ), and rs11105337 ( ATP2B1 , effect size = -0.15, P = 3.4 × 10 -8 ). Expression quantitative trait loci mapping suggests that rs73392700 has a large effect size on SIRT3 gene expression in arterial and muscle, but not neurological, tissues. Functional genomics analysis suggests that rs73392700 causes decreased SIRT3 gene expression. CONCLUSION We perform a multinational GWAS of IA and identify 4 genetic risk loci, including 2 novel IA risk loci ( SIRT3 and AL359922.1 ). Identification of high-risk genetic loci across ancestries will enable population-genetic screening approaches to identify patients with IA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew T Hale
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Jing He
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jesse Jones
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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14
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Mönkäre S, Kuuluvainen L, Schleutker J, Bras J, Roine S, Pöyhönen M, Guerreiro R, Myllykangas L. Genetic analysis reveals novel variants for vascular cognitive impairment. Acta Neurol Scand 2022; 146:42-50. [PMID: 35307828 PMCID: PMC9314039 DOI: 10.1111/ane.13613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The genetic background of vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) is poorly understood compared to other dementia disorders. The aim of the study was to investigate the genetic background of VCI in a well-characterized Finnish cohort. MATERIALS & METHODS Whole-exome sequencing (WES) was applied in 45 Finnish VCI patients. Copy-number variant (CNV) analysis using a SNP array was performed in 80 VCI patients. This study also examined the prevalence of variants at the miR-29 binding site of COL4A1 in 73 Finnish VCI patients. RESULTS In 40% (18/45) of the cases, WES detected possibly causative variants in genes associated with cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) or other neurological or stroke-related disorders. These variants included HTRA1:c.847G>A p.(Gly283Arg), TREX1:c.1079A>G, p.(Tyr360Cys), COLGALT1:c.1411C>T, p.(Arg471Trp), PRNP: c.713C>T, p.(Pro238Leu), and MTHFR:c.1061G>C, p.(Gly354Ala). Additionally, screening of variants in the 3'UTR of COL4A1 gene in a sub-cohort of 73 VCI patients identified a novel variant c.*36T>A. CNV analysis showed that pathogenic CNVs are uncommon in VCI. CONCLUSIONS These data support pathogenic roles of variants in HTRA1, TREX1 and in the 3'UTR of COL4A1 in CSVD and VCI, and suggest that vascular pathogenic mechanisms are linked to neurodegeneration, expanding the understanding of the genetic background of VCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saana Mönkäre
- Department of Medical and Clinical GeneticsUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- Laboratory DivisionDepartment of Medical Genetics, GenomicsTurku University HospitalTurkuFinland
| | - Liina Kuuluvainen
- Diagnostic CenterDepartment of Clinical GeneticsHelsinki University HospitalHelsinkiFinland
- Department of Medical and Clinical GeneticsUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Johanna Schleutker
- Laboratory DivisionDepartment of Medical Genetics, GenomicsTurku University HospitalTurkuFinland
- Institute of BiomedicineUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
| | - Jose Bras
- Center for Neurodegenerative ScienceVan Andel InstituteGrand RapidsMichiganUSA
- Division of Psychiatry and Behavioral MedicineMichigan State University College of Human MedicineGrand RapidsMichiganUSA
| | - Susanna Roine
- NeurocenterDepartment of Cerebrovascular DiseasesTurku University HospitalTurkuFinland
| | - Minna Pöyhönen
- Department of Medical and Clinical GeneticsUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- HUS Diagnostic CenterHelsinki University HospitalHelsinkiFinland
| | - Rita Guerreiro
- Center for Neurodegenerative ScienceVan Andel InstituteGrand RapidsMichiganUSA
- Division of Psychiatry and Behavioral MedicineMichigan State University College of Human MedicineGrand RapidsMichiganUSA
| | - Liisa Myllykangas
- HUS Diagnostic CenterHelsinki University HospitalHelsinkiFinland
- Department of PathologyUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
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15
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Stroke and Etiopathogenesis: What Is Known? Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13060978. [PMID: 35741740 PMCID: PMC9222702 DOI: 10.3390/genes13060978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: A substantial portion of stroke risk remains unexplained, and a contribution from genetic factors is supported by recent findings. In most cases, genetic risk factors contribute to stroke risk as part of a multifactorial predisposition. A major challenge in identifying the genetic determinants of stroke is fully understanding the complexity of the phenotype. Aims: Our narrative review is needed to improve our understanding of the biological pathways underlying the disease and, through this understanding, to accelerate the identification of new drug targets. Methods: We report, the research in the literature until February 2022 in this narrative review. The keywords are stroke, causes, etiopathogenesis, genetic, epigenetic, ischemic stroke. Results: While better risk prediction also remains a long-term goal, its implementation is still complex given the small effect-size of genetic risk variants. Some authors encourage the use of stroke genetic panels for stroke risk assessment and further stroke research. In addition, new biomarkers for the genetic causes of stroke and new targets for gene therapy are on the horizon. Conclusion: We summarize the latest evidence and perspectives of ischemic stroke genetics that may be of interest to the physician and useful for day-to-day clinical work in terms of both prevention and treatment of ischemic stroke.
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16
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Ekkert A, Šliachtenko A, Grigaitė J, Burnytė B, Utkus A, Jatužis D. Ischemic Stroke Genetics: What Is New and How to Apply It in Clinical Practice? Genes (Basel) 2021; 13:48. [PMID: 35052389 PMCID: PMC8775228 DOI: 10.3390/genes13010048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The etiology of ischemic stroke is multifactorial. Although receiving less emphasis, genetic causes make a significant contribution to ischemic stroke genesis, especially in early-onset stroke. Several stroke classification systems based on genetic information corresponding to various stroke phenotypes were proposed. Twin and family history studies, as well as candidate gene approach, are common methods to discover genetic causes of stroke, however, both have their own limitations. Genome-wide association studies and next generation sequencing are more efficient, promising and increasingly used for daily diagnostics. Some monogenic disorders, despite covering only about 7% of stroke etiology, may cause well-known clinical manifestations that include stroke. Polygenic disorders are more frequent, causing about 38% of all ischemic strokes, and their identification is a rapidly developing field of modern stroke genetics. Current advances in human genetics provide opportunity for personalized prevention of stroke and novel treatment possibilities. Genetic risk scores (GRS) and extended polygenic risk scores (PRS) estimate cumulative contribution of known genetic factors to a specific outcome of stroke. Combining those scores with clinical information and risk factor profiles might result in better primary stroke prevention. Some authors encourage the use of stroke gene panels for stroke risk evaluation and further stroke research. Moreover, new biomarkers for stroke genetic causes and novel targets for gene therapy are on the horizon. In this article, we summarize the latest evidence and perspectives of ischemic stroke genetics that could be of interest to the practitioner and useful for day-to-day clinical work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Ekkert
- Center of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, LT-03101 Vilnius, Lithuania; (J.G.); (D.J.)
| | | | - Julija Grigaitė
- Center of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, LT-03101 Vilnius, Lithuania; (J.G.); (D.J.)
| | - Birutė Burnytė
- Center for Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, LT-03101 Vilnius, Lithuania; (B.B.); (A.U.)
| | - Algirdas Utkus
- Center for Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, LT-03101 Vilnius, Lithuania; (B.B.); (A.U.)
| | - Dalius Jatužis
- Center of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, LT-03101 Vilnius, Lithuania; (J.G.); (D.J.)
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17
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Mönkäre S, Kuuluvainen L, Kun-Rodrigues C, Carmona S, Schleutker J, Bras J, Pöyhönen M, Guerreiro R, Myllykangas L. Whole-exome sequencing of Finnish patients with vascular cognitive impairment. Eur J Hum Genet 2021; 29:663-671. [PMID: 33268848 PMCID: PMC8115269 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-020-00775-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) is the most important cause of vascular cognitive impairment (VCI). Most CSVD cases are sporadic but familial monogenic forms of the disorder have also been described. Despite the variants identified, many CSVD cases remain unexplained genetically. We used whole-exome sequencing in an attempt to identify novel gene variants underlying CSVD. A cohort of 35 Finnish patients with suspected CSVD was analyzed. Patients were screened negative for the most common variants affecting function in NOTCH3 in Finland (p.Arg133Cys and p.Arg182Cys). Whole-exome sequencing was performed to search for a genetic cause of CSVD. Our study resulted in the detection of possibly pathogenic variants or variants of unknown significance in genes known to associate with CSVD in six patients, accounting for 17% of cases. Those genes included NOTCH3, HTRA1, COL4A1, and COL4A2. We also identified variants with predicted pathogenic effect in genes associated with other neurological or stroke-related conditions in seven patients, accounting for 20% of cases. This study supports pathogenic roles of variants in COL4A1, COL4A2, and HTRA1 in CSVD and VCI. Our results also suggest that vascular pathogenic mechanisms are linked to neurodegenerative conditions and provide novel insights into the molecular basis of VCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saana Mönkäre
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Turku University Hospital, Laboratory Division, Genomics, Department of Medical Genetics, Turku, Finland
| | - Liina Kuuluvainen
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Clinical Genetics, HUS Diagnostic Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Celia Kun-Rodrigues
- Center for Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Susana Carmona
- Center for Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Johanna Schleutker
- Turku University Hospital, Laboratory Division, Genomics, Department of Medical Genetics, Turku, Finland
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Jose Bras
- Center for Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
- Division of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Minna Pöyhönen
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Clinical Genetics, HUS Diagnostic Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Rita Guerreiro
- Center for Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
- Division of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Liisa Myllykangas
- Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
- HUS Diagnostic Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
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18
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Ilinca A, Englund E, Samuelsson S, Truvé K, Kafantari E, Martinez-Majander N, Putaala J, Håkansson C, Lindgren AG, Puschmann A. MAP3K6 Mutations in a Neurovascular Disease Causing Stroke, Cognitive Impairment, and Tremor. NEUROLOGY-GENETICS 2021; 7:e548. [PMID: 33728376 PMCID: PMC7958314 DOI: 10.1212/nxg.0000000000000548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Objective To describe a possible novel genetic mechanism for cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD) and stroke. Methods We studied a Swedish kindred with ischemic stroke and intracerebral hemorrhage, tremor, dysautonomia, and mild cognitive decline. Members were examined clinically, radiologically, and by histopathology. Genetic workup included whole-exome sequencing (WES) and whole-genome sequencing (WGS) and intrafamilial cosegregation analyses. Results Fifteen family members were examined clinically. Twelve affected individuals had white matter hyperintensities and 1 or more of (1) stroke episodes, (2) clinically silent lacunar ischemic lesions, and (3) cognitive dysfunction. All affected individuals had tremor and/or atactic gait disturbance. Mild symmetric basal ganglia calcifications were seen in 3 affected members. Postmortem examination of 1 affected member showed pathologic alterations in both small and large arteries the brain. Skin biopsies of 3 affected members showed extracellular amorphous deposits within the subepidermal zone, which may represent degenerated arterioles. WES or WGS did not reveal any potentially disease-causing variants in known genes for cSVDs or idiopathic basal ganglia calcification, but identified 1 heterozygous variant, NM_004672.4 MAP3K6 c.322G>A p.(Asp108Asn), that cosegregated with the disease in this large family. MAP3K6 has known functions in angiogenesis and affects vascular endothelial growth factor expression, which may be implicated in cerebrovascular disease. Conclusions Our data strongly suggest the MAP3K6 variant to be causative for this novel disease phenotype, but the absence of functional data and the present lack of additional families with this disease and MAP3K6 mutations still limit the formal evidence for the variant's pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreea Ilinca
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Neurology (A.I., E.K., A.G.L., A.P.), Lund University; Section of Neurology (A.I., E.K., A.G.L., A.P.), Skåne University Hospital, Lund; Department of Clinical Genetics and Pathology (E.E., S.S.), Laboratory Medicine, Region Skåne; Department of Clinical Sciences Lund (E.E.), Division of Pathology, Lund University; Bioinformatics Core Facility (K.T.), Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Neurology (N.M.-M., J.P.), University of Helsinki, and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland; Department of Imaging and Function (C.H.), Skånes University Hospital, Lund; and Department of Clinical Sciences, Diagnostic Radiology (C.H.), Lund University, Sweden
| | - Elisabet Englund
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Neurology (A.I., E.K., A.G.L., A.P.), Lund University; Section of Neurology (A.I., E.K., A.G.L., A.P.), Skåne University Hospital, Lund; Department of Clinical Genetics and Pathology (E.E., S.S.), Laboratory Medicine, Region Skåne; Department of Clinical Sciences Lund (E.E.), Division of Pathology, Lund University; Bioinformatics Core Facility (K.T.), Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Neurology (N.M.-M., J.P.), University of Helsinki, and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland; Department of Imaging and Function (C.H.), Skånes University Hospital, Lund; and Department of Clinical Sciences, Diagnostic Radiology (C.H.), Lund University, Sweden
| | - Sofie Samuelsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Neurology (A.I., E.K., A.G.L., A.P.), Lund University; Section of Neurology (A.I., E.K., A.G.L., A.P.), Skåne University Hospital, Lund; Department of Clinical Genetics and Pathology (E.E., S.S.), Laboratory Medicine, Region Skåne; Department of Clinical Sciences Lund (E.E.), Division of Pathology, Lund University; Bioinformatics Core Facility (K.T.), Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Neurology (N.M.-M., J.P.), University of Helsinki, and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland; Department of Imaging and Function (C.H.), Skånes University Hospital, Lund; and Department of Clinical Sciences, Diagnostic Radiology (C.H.), Lund University, Sweden
| | - Katarina Truvé
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Neurology (A.I., E.K., A.G.L., A.P.), Lund University; Section of Neurology (A.I., E.K., A.G.L., A.P.), Skåne University Hospital, Lund; Department of Clinical Genetics and Pathology (E.E., S.S.), Laboratory Medicine, Region Skåne; Department of Clinical Sciences Lund (E.E.), Division of Pathology, Lund University; Bioinformatics Core Facility (K.T.), Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Neurology (N.M.-M., J.P.), University of Helsinki, and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland; Department of Imaging and Function (C.H.), Skånes University Hospital, Lund; and Department of Clinical Sciences, Diagnostic Radiology (C.H.), Lund University, Sweden
| | - Efthymia Kafantari
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Neurology (A.I., E.K., A.G.L., A.P.), Lund University; Section of Neurology (A.I., E.K., A.G.L., A.P.), Skåne University Hospital, Lund; Department of Clinical Genetics and Pathology (E.E., S.S.), Laboratory Medicine, Region Skåne; Department of Clinical Sciences Lund (E.E.), Division of Pathology, Lund University; Bioinformatics Core Facility (K.T.), Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Neurology (N.M.-M., J.P.), University of Helsinki, and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland; Department of Imaging and Function (C.H.), Skånes University Hospital, Lund; and Department of Clinical Sciences, Diagnostic Radiology (C.H.), Lund University, Sweden
| | - Nicolas Martinez-Majander
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Neurology (A.I., E.K., A.G.L., A.P.), Lund University; Section of Neurology (A.I., E.K., A.G.L., A.P.), Skåne University Hospital, Lund; Department of Clinical Genetics and Pathology (E.E., S.S.), Laboratory Medicine, Region Skåne; Department of Clinical Sciences Lund (E.E.), Division of Pathology, Lund University; Bioinformatics Core Facility (K.T.), Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Neurology (N.M.-M., J.P.), University of Helsinki, and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland; Department of Imaging and Function (C.H.), Skånes University Hospital, Lund; and Department of Clinical Sciences, Diagnostic Radiology (C.H.), Lund University, Sweden
| | - Jukka Putaala
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Neurology (A.I., E.K., A.G.L., A.P.), Lund University; Section of Neurology (A.I., E.K., A.G.L., A.P.), Skåne University Hospital, Lund; Department of Clinical Genetics and Pathology (E.E., S.S.), Laboratory Medicine, Region Skåne; Department of Clinical Sciences Lund (E.E.), Division of Pathology, Lund University; Bioinformatics Core Facility (K.T.), Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Neurology (N.M.-M., J.P.), University of Helsinki, and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland; Department of Imaging and Function (C.H.), Skånes University Hospital, Lund; and Department of Clinical Sciences, Diagnostic Radiology (C.H.), Lund University, Sweden
| | - Claes Håkansson
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Neurology (A.I., E.K., A.G.L., A.P.), Lund University; Section of Neurology (A.I., E.K., A.G.L., A.P.), Skåne University Hospital, Lund; Department of Clinical Genetics and Pathology (E.E., S.S.), Laboratory Medicine, Region Skåne; Department of Clinical Sciences Lund (E.E.), Division of Pathology, Lund University; Bioinformatics Core Facility (K.T.), Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Neurology (N.M.-M., J.P.), University of Helsinki, and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland; Department of Imaging and Function (C.H.), Skånes University Hospital, Lund; and Department of Clinical Sciences, Diagnostic Radiology (C.H.), Lund University, Sweden
| | - Arne G Lindgren
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Neurology (A.I., E.K., A.G.L., A.P.), Lund University; Section of Neurology (A.I., E.K., A.G.L., A.P.), Skåne University Hospital, Lund; Department of Clinical Genetics and Pathology (E.E., S.S.), Laboratory Medicine, Region Skåne; Department of Clinical Sciences Lund (E.E.), Division of Pathology, Lund University; Bioinformatics Core Facility (K.T.), Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Neurology (N.M.-M., J.P.), University of Helsinki, and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland; Department of Imaging and Function (C.H.), Skånes University Hospital, Lund; and Department of Clinical Sciences, Diagnostic Radiology (C.H.), Lund University, Sweden
| | - Andreas Puschmann
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Neurology (A.I., E.K., A.G.L., A.P.), Lund University; Section of Neurology (A.I., E.K., A.G.L., A.P.), Skåne University Hospital, Lund; Department of Clinical Genetics and Pathology (E.E., S.S.), Laboratory Medicine, Region Skåne; Department of Clinical Sciences Lund (E.E.), Division of Pathology, Lund University; Bioinformatics Core Facility (K.T.), Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Neurology (N.M.-M., J.P.), University of Helsinki, and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland; Department of Imaging and Function (C.H.), Skånes University Hospital, Lund; and Department of Clinical Sciences, Diagnostic Radiology (C.H.), Lund University, Sweden
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Grossi A, Severino M, Rusmini M, Tortora D, Ramenghi LA, Cama A, Rossi A, Di Rocco M, Ceccherini I, Bertamino M, G A, L B, V C, R C, F C, C G, T G, AC M, P M, A M, L N, A P, M P, G P, A R, A R, S S, S U. Targeted re-sequencing in pediatric and perinatal stroke. Eur J Med Genet 2020; 63:104030. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2020.104030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Gorcenco S, Ilinca A, Almasoudi W, Kafantari E, Lindgren AG, Puschmann A. New generation genetic testing entering the clinic. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2020; 73:72-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2020.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Anderson CD. Exome Sequencing in Suspected Monogenic Stroke. Stroke 2020; 51:1047-1048. [DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.120.028817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher D. Anderson
- From the Center for Genomic Medicine and Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; McCance Center for Brain Health, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; and Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA
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Ilinca A, Martinez-Majander N, Samuelsson S, Piccinelli P, Truvé K, Cole J, Kittner S, Soller M, Kristoffersson U, Tatlisumak T, Puschmann A, Putaala J, Lindgren A. Whole-Exome Sequencing in 22 Young Ischemic Stroke Patients With Familial Clustering of Stroke. Stroke 2020; 51:1056-1063. [PMID: 32172663 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.119.027474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Backgrounds and Purpose- Although new methods for genetic analyses are rapidly evolving, there are currently knowledge gaps in how to detect Mendelian forms of stroke. Methods- We performed whole-exome sequencing in 22 probands, under 56 years at their first ischemic stroke episode, from multi-incident stroke families. With the use of a comprehensive stroke-gene panel, we searched for variants in stroke-related genes. The probands' clinical stroke subtype was related to clinical characteristics previously associated with pathogenic variants in these genes. Relatives were genotyped in 7 families to evaluate stroke-gene variants of unknown significance. In 2 larger families with embolic stroke of unknown source, whole-exome sequencing was performed in additional members to examine the possibility of identifying new stroke genes. Results- Six of 22 probands carried pathogenic or possibly pathogenic variants in genes reported to be associated with their stroke subtype. A known pathogenic variant in NOTCH3 and a possibly pathogenic variant in ACAD9 gene were identified. A novel JAK2:c.3188G>A (p.Arg1063His) mutation was seen in a proband with embolic stroke of undetermined source and prothrombotic status. However, penetrance in the family was incomplete. COL4A2:c.3368A>G (p.Glu1123Gly) was detected in 2 probands but did not cosegregate with the disease in their families. Whole-exome sequencing in multiple members of 2 pedigrees with embolic stroke of undetermined source revealed possibly pathogenic variants in genes not previously associated with stroke, GPR142:c.148C>G (p.Leu50Val), and PTPRN2:c.2416A>G (p.Ile806Val); LRRC1 c.808A>G (p.Ile270Val), SLC7A10c.1294dupG (p.Val432fs), IKBKB: c.1070C>T (p.Ala357Val), and OXGR1 c.392G>A (p.Arg131His), respectively. Conclusions- Screening with whole-exome sequencing using a comprehensive stroke-gene panel may identify rare monogenic forms of stroke, but careful evaluation of clinical characteristics and potential pathogenicity of novel variants remain important. In our study, the majority of individuals with familial aggregation of stroke lacked any identified genetic causes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreea Ilinca
- From the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Neurology (A.I., A.P., A.L.), Lund University, Sweden.,Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, Neurology, Skåne University Hospital, Sweden (A.L., A.P., A.L.)
| | | | - Sofie Samuelsson
- Department of Clinical Genetics and Pathology (S.S., P.P.), Lund University, Sweden
| | - Paul Piccinelli
- Department of Clinical Genetics and Pathology (S.S., P.P.), Lund University, Sweden
| | - Katarina Truvé
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sweden (K.T.)
| | - John Cole
- Department of Neurology, Veterans Affairs Maryland Health Care System (J.C., S.K.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore
| | - Steven Kittner
- Department of Neurology, Veterans Affairs Maryland Health Care System (J.C., S.K.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore.,Department of Neurology (S.K.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore
| | - Maria Soller
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden (M.S.)
| | - Ulf Kristoffersson
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Laboratory Medicine (U.K.), Lund University, Sweden
| | - Turgut Tatlisumak
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden (T.T.)
| | - Andreas Puschmann
- From the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Neurology (A.I., A.P., A.L.), Lund University, Sweden.,Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, Neurology, Skåne University Hospital, Sweden (A.L., A.P., A.L.)
| | - Jukka Putaala
- Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital, Finland (N.M.-M., J.P.)
| | - Arne Lindgren
- From the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Neurology (A.I., A.P., A.L.), Lund University, Sweden.,Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, Neurology, Skåne University Hospital, Sweden (A.L., A.P., A.L.)
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