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Xing J, Xu H, Zhu M, Zhang Y, Bai M, Zhou X, Liu H, Wang Y. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Metabolite Analysis Combined with Transcriptomics Reveals Genes Involved in Wax Biosynthesis in Allium fistulosum L. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6106. [PMID: 38892292 PMCID: PMC11173144 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Cuticular waxes are essential for protecting plants from various environmental stresses. Allium fistulosum serves as an excellent model for investigating the regulatory mechanisms underlying cuticular wax synthesis with notable epidermal wax characteristics. A combination of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) metabolite analysis and transcriptomics was used to investigate variations in metabolites and gene expression patterns between the wild type (WT) and glossy mutant type (gl2) of A. fistulosum. The WT surface had a large number of acicular and lamellar waxy crystals, whereas the leaf surface of gl2 was essentially devoid of waxy crystals. And the results revealed a significant decrease in the content of 16-hentriacontanone, the principal component of cuticular wax, in the gl2 mutant. Transcriptomic analysis revealed 3084 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between WT and gl2. Moreover, we identified 12 genes related to fatty acid or wax synthesis. Among these, 10 DEGs were associated with positive regulation of wax synthesis, whereas 2 genes exhibited negative regulatory functions. Furthermore, two of these genes were identified as key regulators through weighted gene co-expression network analysis. Notably, the promoter region of AfisC5G01838 (AfCER1-LIKE1) exhibited a 258-bp insertion upstream of the coding region in gl2 and decreased the transcription of the AfCER1-LIKE1 gene. This study provided insights into the molecular mechanisms governing cuticular wax synthesis in A. fistulosum, laying the foundation for future breeding strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Xing
- Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences (BAAFS), Beijing 100097, China; (J.X.); (H.X.); (M.Z.); (Y.Z.); (M.B.); (X.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100097, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasms Improvement, Beijing 100097, China
- Key Laboratory of Special Fruits and Vegetables Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization of Xinjiang Production and Construction Crops, Department of Horticulture, Agricultural College, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China
| | - Huanhuan Xu
- Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences (BAAFS), Beijing 100097, China; (J.X.); (H.X.); (M.Z.); (Y.Z.); (M.B.); (X.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100097, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasms Improvement, Beijing 100097, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Mingzhao Zhu
- Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences (BAAFS), Beijing 100097, China; (J.X.); (H.X.); (M.Z.); (Y.Z.); (M.B.); (X.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100097, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasms Improvement, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Yuchen Zhang
- Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences (BAAFS), Beijing 100097, China; (J.X.); (H.X.); (M.Z.); (Y.Z.); (M.B.); (X.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100097, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasms Improvement, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Mifeng Bai
- Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences (BAAFS), Beijing 100097, China; (J.X.); (H.X.); (M.Z.); (Y.Z.); (M.B.); (X.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100097, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasms Improvement, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Xuyang Zhou
- Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences (BAAFS), Beijing 100097, China; (J.X.); (H.X.); (M.Z.); (Y.Z.); (M.B.); (X.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100097, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasms Improvement, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Huiying Liu
- Key Laboratory of Special Fruits and Vegetables Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization of Xinjiang Production and Construction Crops, Department of Horticulture, Agricultural College, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China
| | - Yongqin Wang
- Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences (BAAFS), Beijing 100097, China; (J.X.); (H.X.); (M.Z.); (Y.Z.); (M.B.); (X.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100097, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasms Improvement, Beijing 100097, China
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Hao Y, Luo H, Wang Z, Lu C, Ye X, Wang H, Miao L. Research progress on the mechanisms of fruit glossiness in cucumber. Gene 2024; 927:148626. [PMID: 38830516 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) is an important horticultural crop in China. Consumer requirements for aesthetically pleasing appearances of horticultural crops are gradually increasing, and cucumbers having a good visual appearance, as well as flavor, are important for breeding and industry development. The gloss of cucumber fruit epidermis is an important component of its appeal, and the wax layer on the fruit surface plays important roles in plant growth and forms a powerful barrier against external biotic and abiotic stresses. The wax of the cucumber epidermis is mainly composed of alkanes, and the luster of cucumber fruit is mainly determined by the alkane and silicon contents of the epidermis. Several genes, transcription factors, and transporters affect the synthesis of ultra-long-chain fatty acids and change the silicon content, further altering the gloss of the epidermis. However, the specific regulatory mechanisms are not clear. Here, progress in research on the luster of cucumber fruit epidermis from physiological, biochemical, and molecular regulatory perspectives are reviewed. Additionally, future research avenues in the field are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyang Hao
- Engineering Laboratory of Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Shandong Province, College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Haiyan Luo
- Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety Control of Subtropical Fruits and Vegetables, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhiyi Wang
- Engineering Laboratory of Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Shandong Province, College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Chuanlong Lu
- Engineering Laboratory of Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Shandong Province, College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaolong Ye
- Engineering Laboratory of Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Shandong Province, College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Huasen Wang
- Engineering Laboratory of Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Shandong Province, College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China.
| | - Li Miao
- Engineering Laboratory of Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Shandong Province, College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China.
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Pérez-Anta I, Rubio E, López-Serrano FR, Garcés D, Andrés-Abellán M, Picazo M, Chebbi W, Arquero R, García-Morote FA. Transpiration Dynamics of Esparto Grass ( Macrochloa tenacissima (L.) Kunth) in a Semi-Arid Mediterranean Climate: Unraveling the Impacts of Pine Competition. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:661. [PMID: 38475507 DOI: 10.3390/plants13050661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Macrochloa tenacissima (M. tenacissima), or esparto, is a perennial tussock grass that coexists with Pinus halepensis (P. halepensis) in semi-arid Mediterranean woodlands. This research was carried out to explore diurnal transpiration at leaf level in esparto grass under different levels of pine-esparto competition and in contrasting environmental soil water conditions. The measurement period spanned from the summer of 2020 to the spring of 2021. The relationship between transpiration and competition was conducted in open and closed P. halepensis stands, and the type of leaf (green, senescent) and the maturity of the esparto grass were taken into account. We observed a higher control of transpiration in green leaves, and the correlations between the transpiration and pine competition were noted exclusively in this type of leaf. Our results demonstrated a significant impact of pine competitors (closed stands) on the transpiration of esparto grass, particularly during seasons characterized by scenarios of high water demand: the summer drought period and the commencement of the growing and flowering period (spring). Furthermore, our findings revealed a greater response to transpiration in mature bushes compared to young ones under severe water stress, indicating a higher adaptation to drought by esparto as it ages. Although our results confirmed that PAR increased transpiration in all seasons and in both stands, which is attributable to the heliophilia of esparto grass, the site effects on transpiration could also be attributable to competition for water, especially during periods of drought. These results may have important implications for the dynamics and management of these semi-arid mixed woodlands, as well as the planning of reforestation programs aimed at restoring esparto grass formations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iván Pérez-Anta
- Environment and Forest Resources Group, Renewable Energy Research Institute, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, 02071 Albacete, Spain
| | - Eva Rubio
- Applied Physics Department, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, 02071 Albacete, Spain
| | - Francisco Ramón López-Serrano
- Environment and Forest Resources Group, Renewable Energy Research Institute, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, 02071 Albacete, Spain
- Higher Technical School of Agricultural and Forest Engineering, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, 02071 Albacete, Spain
| | - Diego Garcés
- Environment and Forest Resources Group, Renewable Energy Research Institute, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, 02071 Albacete, Spain
| | - Manuela Andrés-Abellán
- Environment and Forest Resources Group, Renewable Energy Research Institute, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, 02071 Albacete, Spain
- Higher Technical School of Agricultural and Forest Engineering, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, 02071 Albacete, Spain
| | - Marta Picazo
- Environment and Forest Resources Group, Renewable Energy Research Institute, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, 02071 Albacete, Spain
| | - Wafa Chebbi
- Environment and Forest Resources Group, Renewable Energy Research Institute, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, 02071 Albacete, Spain
| | - Rocío Arquero
- Environment and Forest Resources Group, Renewable Energy Research Institute, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, 02071 Albacete, Spain
| | - Francisco Antonio García-Morote
- Environment and Forest Resources Group, Renewable Energy Research Institute, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, 02071 Albacete, Spain
- Higher Technical School of Agricultural and Forest Engineering, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, 02071 Albacete, Spain
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Liu Y, Sun H, Ye R, Du J, Zhang H, Zhou A, Qiao K, Wang J. Potential candidate genes and pathways related to cytoplasmic male sterility in Dianthus spiculifolius as revealed by transcriptome analysis. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2023; 42:1503-1516. [PMID: 37452219 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-023-03045-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE We introduced the candidate gene DsHSP70 into Arabidopsis thaliana, resulting in male gametophyte sterility and abnormal degeneration of sepals and petals. Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) is a useful tool for hybrid production. However, the regulatory mechanism of CMS in Dianthus spiculifolius remains unclear. In this study, we investigated whether male-sterile line of D. spiculifolius has a malformed tapetum and fails to produce normal fertile pollen. RNA sequencing technology was used to compare the gene expression patterns of the D. spiculifolius male-sterile line and its male fertility maintainer line during anther development. A total of 12,365 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, among which 1765 were commonly expressed in the S1, S2 and S3 stages. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses indicated that these DEGs were mainly involved in oxidation-reduction processes, signal transduction and programmed cell death. Additionally, weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA) showed that three modules may be related to male sterility. A putative regulatory pathway for the male sterility traits was constructed based on the reproductive development network. After introducing the candidate DsHSP70 gene into Arabidopsis thaliana, we found that overexpressing plants showed anther abortion and shorter filaments, and accompanied by abnormal degeneration of sepals and petals. In summary, our results identified potential candidate genes and pathways related to CMS in D. spiculifolius, providing new insights for further research on the mechanism of male sterility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingzhu Liu
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Han Sun
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Rong Ye
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Jinxue Du
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Haizhen Zhang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Aimin Zhou
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Kun Qiao
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Jingang Wang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
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Manape TK, Soumia PS, Khade YP, Satheesh V, Anandhan S. A glossy mutant in onion ( Allium cepa L.) shows decreased expression of wax biosynthesis genes. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1245308. [PMID: 37680361 PMCID: PMC10482397 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1245308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Cuticular wax is a characteristic feature of land plants that provides protection against both biotic and abiotic stresses. In this study, a glossy mutant lacking an epicuticular wax layer was identified in the γ-irradiated M2 mutant population of the onion cultivar Bhima Super. The inheritance of the mutant's glossy phenotype was determined to be recessive and single locus. Scanning electron microscopy analysis showed poor accumulation of wax crystals in the glossy mutant, concentrated near the stomata. The plant height, number of leaves per plant, and stomatal parameters of the mutant were similar to the wild-type. RNA-seq was used to comprehend the expression variations of waxy cuticle-related genes in the glossy mutant and its wild-type waxy cultivars. Differential gene expression analysis of the RNA-seq data revealed that the genes involved in wax biosynthesis, such as AcCER1, AcCER26, AcMAH1, and AcWSD1, were downregulated by 2.72, 1.74, 2.59 and 2.12-fold, respectively, in the glossy mutant respectively. The expression patterns of these four unigenes were validated using semi-quantitative RT-PCR. The glossy mutant displayed a substantial 3.5-fold reduction in cuticular wax load compared to the wild-type due to the significant downregulation of these wax biosynthesis genes. These findings represent early advancements in understanding the molecular mechanisms of wax biosynthesis in onions. Furthermore, they provide a foundation for utilizing the glossy mutant trait in breeding programmes to enhance stress and pest resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tushar Kashinath Manape
- Crop Improvement Section, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-Directorate of Onion and Garlic Research, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Parakkattu S. Soumia
- Crop Improvement Section, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-Directorate of Onion and Garlic Research, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Yogesh P. Khade
- Crop Improvement Section, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-Directorate of Onion and Garlic Research, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Viswanathan Satheesh
- Genome Informatics Facility, Office of Biotechnology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Sivalingam Anandhan
- Crop Improvement Section, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-Directorate of Onion and Garlic Research, Pune, Maharashtra, India
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Mladenović MZ, Ristić MN, Bogdanović AI, Ristić NR, Boylan F, Radulović NS. Wax Composition of Serbian Dianthus spp. (Caryophyllaceae): Identification of New Metabolites and Chemotaxonomic Implications. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12112094. [PMID: 37299073 DOI: 10.3390/plants12112094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Although ethnopharmacologically renowned, wax constituents of Dianthus species were sporadically studied. A combination of GC-MS analysis, synthesis, and chemical transformations enabled the identification of 275 constituents of diethyl-ether washings of aerial parts and/or flowers of six Dianthus taxa (Dianthus carthusianorum, D. deltoides, D. giganteus subsp. banaticus, D. integer subsp. minutiflorus, D. petraeus, and D. superbus) and one Petrorhagia taxon (P. prolifera) from Serbia. Seventeen of these constituents (nonacosyl benzoate, additional 12 benzoates with anteiso-branched 1-alkanols, eicosyl tiglate, triacontane-14,16-dione, dotriacontane-14,16-dione, and tetratriacontane-16,18-dione) and two additional synthesized eicosyl esters (angelate and senecioate) represent completely new compounds. The structures of the tentatively identified β-ketones were confirmed by analysis of the mass fragmentation of the corresponding pyrazoles and silyl enol ethers obtained by transformations of crude extracts and extract fractions. Silylation allowed the identification of 114 additional constituents, including a completely new natural product (30-methylhentriacontan-1-ol). The results obtained by multivariate statistical analyses showed that the chemical profile of Dianthus taxa's surface waxes is subject to both genetic and ecological factors, whereas the latter seemingly takes a more important role for the studied Dianthus samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marko Z Mladenović
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, University of Niš, Višegradska 33, 18000 Niš, Serbia
| | - Milenko N Ristić
- Faculty of Natural Science and Mathematics, University of Priština, Lole Ribara 29, 38220 Kosovska Mitrovica, Serbia
| | - Andrija I Bogdanović
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, University of Niš, Višegradska 33, 18000 Niš, Serbia
| | - Novica R Ristić
- Faculty of Natural Science and Mathematics, University of Priština, Lole Ribara 29, 38220 Kosovska Mitrovica, Serbia
| | - Fabio Boylan
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panoz Institute, and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Niko S Radulović
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, University of Niš, Višegradska 33, 18000 Niš, Serbia
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Liang Q, Dun B, Li L, Ma X, Zhang H, Su Y, Wu D. Metabolomic and transcriptomic responses of Adiantum ( Adiantum nelumboides) leaves under drought, half-waterlogging, and rewater conditions. Front Genet 2023; 14:1113470. [PMID: 37139233 PMCID: PMC10149873 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1113470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Adiantum nelumboides (Adiantum) is an endangered fern with a narrow distribution along the Yangtze River in China. Due to its cliff-dwelling habit, it experiences water stress conditions, which further endangers its survival. However, no information is available about its molecular responses to drought and half-waterlogging conditions. Methods: Here, we applied five and ten days of half-waterlogging stress, five days of drought stress, and rewatering after five days of drought stress, and studied the resulting metabolome profiles and transcriptome signatures of Adiantum leaves. Results and Discussion: The metabolome profiling detected 864 metabolites. The drought and half-waterlogging stress induced up-accumulation of primary and secondary metabolites including amino acids and derivatives, nucleotides and derivatives, flavonoids, alkaloids, and phenolic acid accumulation in Adiantum leaves. Whereas, rewatering the drought-stressed seedlings reversed most of these metabolic changes. Transcriptome sequencing confirmed the differential metabolite profiles, where the genes enriched in pathways associated with these metabolites showed similar expression patterns. Overall, the half-waterlogging stress for 10 days induced large-scale metabolic and transcriptomic changes compared to half-waterlogging stress for 05 days, drought stress for 05 days or rewatering for 05 days. Conclusion: This pioneering attempt provides a detailed understanding of molecular responses of Adiantum leaves to drought and half-waterlogging stresses and rewater conditions. This study also provides useful clues for the genetic improvement of Adiantum for drought/half-waterlogging stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianyan Liang
- Rare Plants Research Institute of Yangtze River, Three Gorges Corporation, Yichang, Hubei Province, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Eco-Environment Protection for Yangtze River Economic Belt, Beijing, China
| | - Bicheng Dun
- Rare Plants Research Institute of Yangtze River, Three Gorges Corporation, Yichang, Hubei Province, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Eco-Environment Protection for Yangtze River Economic Belt, Beijing, China
| | - Linbao Li
- Rare Plants Research Institute of Yangtze River, Three Gorges Corporation, Yichang, Hubei Province, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Eco-Environment Protection for Yangtze River Economic Belt, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaobo Ma
- Rare Plants Research Institute of Yangtze River, Three Gorges Corporation, Yichang, Hubei Province, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Eco-Environment Protection for Yangtze River Economic Belt, Beijing, China
| | - Haibo Zhang
- Rare Plants Research Institute of Yangtze River, Three Gorges Corporation, Yichang, Hubei Province, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Eco-Environment Protection for Yangtze River Economic Belt, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Su
- Rare Plants Research Institute of Yangtze River, Three Gorges Corporation, Yichang, Hubei Province, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Eco-Environment Protection for Yangtze River Economic Belt, Beijing, China
| | - Di Wu
- Rare Plants Research Institute of Yangtze River, Three Gorges Corporation, Yichang, Hubei Province, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Eco-Environment Protection for Yangtze River Economic Belt, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Di Wu,
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Yang F, Han Y, Zhu QH, Zhang X, Xue F, Li Y, Luo H, Qin J, Sun J, Liu F. Impact of water deficiency on leaf cuticle lipids and gene expression networks in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:404. [PMID: 35978290 PMCID: PMC9382817 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03788-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Water deficit (WD) has serious effect on the productivity of crops. Formation of cuticular layer with increased content of wax and cutin on leaf surfaces is closely related to drought tolerance. Identification of drought tolerance associated wax components and cutin monomers and the genes responsible for their biosynthesis is essential for understanding the physiological and genetic mechanisms underlying drought tolerance and improving crop drought resistance. RESULT In this study, we conducted comparative phenotypic and transcriptomic analyses of two Gossypium hirsutum varieties that are tolerant (XL22) or sensitive (XL17) to drought stress. XL17 consumed more water than XL22, particularly under the WD conditions. WD significantly induced accumulation of most major wax components (C29 and C31 alkanes) and cutin monomers (palmitic acid and stearic acid) in leaves of both XL22 and XL17, although accumulation of the major cutin monomers, i.e., polyunsaturated linolenic acid (C18:3n-3) and linoleic acid (C18:2n-6), were significantly repressed by WD in both XL22 and XL17. According to the results of transcriptome analysis, although many genes and their related pathways were commonly induced or repressed by WD in both XL22 and XL17, WD-induced differentially expressed genes specific to XL22 or XL17 were also evident. Among the genes that were commonly induced by WD were the GhCER1 genes involved in biosynthesis of alkanes, consistent with the observation of enhanced accumulation of alkanes in cotton leaves under the WD conditions. Interestingly, under the WD conditions, several GhCYP86 genes, which encode enzymes catalyzing the omega-hydroxylation of fatty acids and were identified to be the hub genes of one of the co-expression gene modules, showed a different expression pattern between XL22 and XL17 that was in agreement with the WD-induced changes of the content of hydroxyacids or fatty alcohols in these two varieties. CONCLUSION The results contribute to our comprehending the physiological and genetic mechanisms underlying drought tolerance and provide possible solutions for the difference of drought resistance of different cotton varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-Agriculture, College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832000, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yongchao Han
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-Agriculture, College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832000, Xinjiang, China
| | - Qian-Hao Zhu
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, GPO Box 1700, Canberra, 2601, Australia
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-Agriculture, College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832000, Xinjiang, China
| | - Fei Xue
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-Agriculture, College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832000, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yanjun Li
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-Agriculture, College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832000, Xinjiang, China
| | - Honghai Luo
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-Agriculture, College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832000, Xinjiang, China
| | - Jianghong Qin
- Shihezi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shihezi, 832000, China
| | - Jie Sun
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-Agriculture, College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832000, Xinjiang, China.
| | - Feng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-Agriculture, College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832000, Xinjiang, China.
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Zhang X, Wang J, Feng S, Yu X, Zhou A. Morphological and physiological responses of Dianthus spiculifolius high wax mutant to low-temperature stress. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 275:153762. [PMID: 35820348 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2022.153762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Cuticular wax plays a role in plant responses to environmental stresses. To understand the contribution of cuticular wax to plant responses to low-temperature stress, the morphological and physiological responses of a Dianthus spiculifolius high-wax (HW) mutant and wild type (WT) were compared. Under low-temperature stress (0 and -10 °C), HW plants showed a lower mortality rate and electrolyte leakage (El) than that WT plants. In plants treated with low-temperature stress (0 and -10 °C), HW mutant leaves exhibited higher soluble sugar and free proline contents and lower malondialdehyde contents than those WT leaves. The photosynthetic capacity, net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, and maximal photochemical efficiency of photosystem II in HW mutant leaves were the least inhibited by low temperature than those in WT leaves. The dewaxing experiments showed no significant difference in the phenotype and El between the dewaxed-treated HW mutant and WT leaves under low-temperatures stress, indicating that cuticular wax causes differences in resistance to low-temperatures between HW and WT. Principal component analysis and the membership function value of the physiological data showed that the average membership value of the HW mutant was greater than that in WT. In general, the results indicated that high cuticular wax contributes positively to the response to low-temperature stress by D. spiculifolius.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Jingang Wang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Shuang Feng
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China; Zhejiang Baihua Landscape Group Company Limited, Taizhou, 318000, China
| | - Xihong Yu
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
| | - Aimin Zhou
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
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10
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Liu Q, Xie S, Zhao X, Liu Y, Xing Y, Dao J, Wei B, Peng Y, Duan W, Wang Z. Drought Sensitivity of Sugarcane Cultivars Shapes Rhizosphere Bacterial Community Patterns in Response to Water Stress. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:732989. [PMID: 34745035 PMCID: PMC8568056 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.732989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhizosphere bacteria, the main functional microorganisms inhabiting the roots of terrestrial plants, play important roles in regulating plant growth and environmental stress resistance. However, limited information is available regarding changes occurring within the structure of the root microbial community and the response mechanisms of host plants that improve adaptability to drought stress. In this study, we conducted an experiment on two sugarcane varieties with different drought tolerance levels under drought and control treatments and analyzed the rhizosphere bacterial communities using 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing. Correlation analysis results clarified the influence of various factors on the rhizosphere bacterial community structure. Drought stress reduced the diversity of the bacterial community in the rhizosphere of sugarcane. Interestingly, the bacterial community of the drought-sensitive sugarcane cultivar GT39 changed more than that of the drought-tolerant cultivar ZZ9. In addition, ZZ9 had a high abundance of drought-resistant bacteria in the rhizosphere under optimal soil water conditions, whereas GT39 accumulated a large number of drought-resistant bacteria only under drought stress. GT39 mainly relied on Actinobacteria in its response to drought stress, and the abundance of this phylum was positively correlated with soil acid phosphatase and protease levels. In contrast, ZZ9 mainly relied on Bacilli in its response to drought stress, and the abundance of this class was positively correlated with only soil acid phosphatase levels. In conclusion, drought stress can significantly reduce the bacterial diversity and increase the abundance of drought-resistant bacteria in the sugarcane rhizosphere. The high abundance of drought-resistant bacteria in the rhizosphere of drought-tolerant cultivars under non-drought conditions is an important factor contributing to the high drought adaptability of these cultivars. Moreover, the core drought-resistant bacteria of the sugarcane rhizosphere and root exudates jointly affect the resistance of sugarcane to drought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Liu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology, Nanning, China.,State Key Laboratory for Conservation & Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, China.,College of Agronomy, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Sasa Xie
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology, Nanning, China.,State Key Laboratory for Conservation & Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, China.,College of Agronomy, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Xiaowen Zhao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology, Nanning, China.,State Key Laboratory for Conservation & Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, China.,College of Agronomy, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Yue Liu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology, Nanning, China.,State Key Laboratory for Conservation & Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, China.,College of Agronomy, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Yuanjun Xing
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology, Nanning, China.,State Key Laboratory for Conservation & Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, China.,College of Agronomy, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Jicao Dao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology, Nanning, China.,State Key Laboratory for Conservation & Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, China.,College of Agronomy, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Beilei Wei
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology, Nanning, China.,State Key Laboratory for Conservation & Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, China.,College of Agronomy, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Yunchang Peng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology, Nanning, China.,State Key Laboratory for Conservation & Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, China.,College of Agronomy, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Weixing Duan
- Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Ziting Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology, Nanning, China.,State Key Laboratory for Conservation & Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, China.,College of Agronomy, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
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11
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Zhao Y, Liu X, Wang M, Bi Q, Cui Y, Wang L. Transcriptome and physiological analyses provide insights into the leaf epicuticular wax accumulation mechanism in yellowhorn. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2021; 8:134. [PMID: 34059653 PMCID: PMC8167135 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-021-00564-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Plantations and production of yellowhorn, one of the most important woody oil and urban greening trees widely cultivated in northern China, have gradually become limited by drought stress. The epicuticular wax layer plays a key role in the protection of yellowhorn trees from drought and other stresses. However, there is no research on the mechanism of wax loading in yellowhorn trees. In this study, we investigated the anatomical and physiological characteristics of leaves from different germplasm resources and different parts of the same tree and compared their cuticle properties. In addition, the different expression patterns of genes involved in wax accumulation were analyzed, and a coexpression network was built based on transcriptome sequencing data. Morphological and physiological comparisons found that the sun leaves from the outer part of the crown had thicker epicuticular wax, which altered the permeability and improved the drought resistance of leaves, than did shade leaves. Based on transcriptome data, a total of 3008 and 1324 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between the sun leaves and shade leaves in glossy- and non-glossy-type germplasm resources, respectively. We identified 138 DEGs involved in wax biosynthesis and transport, including structural genes (such as LACS8, ECH1, and ns-LTP) and transcription factors (such as MYB, WRKY, and bHLH transcription factor family proteins). The coexpression network showed a strong correlation between these DEGs. The differences in gene expression patterns between G- and NG-type germplasm resources under different light conditions were very clear. These results not only provide a theoretical basis for screening and developing drought-resistant yellowhorn germplasm resources but also provide a data platform to reveal the wax accumulation process of yellowhorn leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, 100091, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100039, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, 100091, Beijing, China
| | - Mengke Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, 100091, Beijing, China
| | - Quanxin Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, 100091, Beijing, China
| | - Yifan Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, 100091, Beijing, China
| | - Libing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, 100091, Beijing, China.
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12
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Ma R, Huang B, Chen J, Huang Z, Yu P, Ruan S, Zhang Z. Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of dirigent-jacalin genes from plant chimeric lectins in Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis). PLoS One 2021; 16:e0248318. [PMID: 33724993 PMCID: PMC7963094 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0248318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Dirigent-jacalin (D-J) genes belong to the plant chimeric lectin family, and play vital roles in plant growth and resistance to abiotic and biotic stresses. To explore the functions of the D-J family in the growth and development of Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis), their physicochemical properties, phylogenetic relationships, gene and protein structures, and expression patterns were analyzed in detail. Four putative PeD-J genes were identified in the Moso bamboo genome, and microsynteny and phylogenetic analyses indicated that they represent a new branch in the evolution of plant lectins. PeD-J proteins were found to be composed of a dirigent domain and a jacalin-related lectin domain, each of which contained two different motifs. Multiple sequence alignment and homologous modeling analysis indicated that the three-dimensional structure of the PeD-J proteins was significantly different compared to other plant lectins, primarily due to the tandem dirigent and jacalin domains. We surveyed the upstream putative promoter regions of the PeD-Js and found that they mainly contained cis-acting elements related to hormone and abiotic stress response. An analysis of the expression patterns of root, leaf, rhizome and panicle revealed that four PeD-J genes were highly expressed in the panicle, indicating that they may be required during the formation and development of several different tissue types in Moso bamboo. Moreover, PeD-J genes were shown to be involved in the rapid growth and development of bamboo shoots. Quantitative Real-time PCR (qRT PCR) assays further verified that D-J family genes were responsive to hormones and stresses. The results of this study will help to elucidate the biological functions of PeD-Js during bamboo growth, development and stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruifang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Forest Cultivation, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin’an, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin’an, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Forest Cultivation, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin’an, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin’an, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jialu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Forest Cultivation, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin’an, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin’an, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhinuo Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Forest Cultivation, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin’an, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin’an, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Peiyao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Forest Cultivation, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin’an, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin’an, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shiyu Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Forest Cultivation, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin’an, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin’an, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhijun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Forest Cultivation, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin’an, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin’an, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- * E-mail:
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13
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Morphological and physiological responses of two willow species from different habitats to salt stress. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18228. [PMID: 33106524 PMCID: PMC7588438 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75349-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant salt tolerance is a complex mechanism, and different plant species have different strategies for surviving salt stress. In the present study, we analyzed and compared the morphological and physiological responses of two willow species (Salix linearistipularis and Salix matsudana) from different habitats to salt stress. S. linearistipularis exhibited higher seed germination rates and seedling root Na+ efflux than S. matsudana under salt stress. After salt treatment, S. linearistipularis leaves exhibited less Na+ accumulation, loss of water and chlorophyll, reduction in photosynthetic capacity, and damage to leaf cell structure than leaves of S. matsudana. Scanning electron microscopy combined with gas chromatography mass spectrometry showed that S. linearistipularis leaves had higher cuticular wax loads than S. matsudana leaves. Overall, our results showed that S. linearistipularis had higher salt tolerance than S. matsudana, which was associated with different morphological and physiological responses to salt stress. Furthermore, our study suggested that S. linearistipularis could be a promising tree species for saline-alkali land greening and improvement.
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14
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Wang L, Xue W, Li X, Li J, Wu J, Xie L, Kawabata S, Li Y, Zhang Y. EgMIXTA1, a MYB-Type Transcription Factor, Promotes Cuticular Wax Formation in Eustoma grandiflorum Leaves. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:524947. [PMID: 33193471 PMCID: PMC7641950 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.524947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In the aerial plant organs, cuticular wax forms a hydrophobic layer that can protect cells from dehydration, repel pathogen attacks, and prevent organ fusion during development. The MIXTA gene encodes an MYB-like transcription factor, which is associated with epicuticular wax biosynthesis to increase the wax load on the surface of leaves. In this study, the AmMIXTA-homologous gene EgMIXTA1 was functionally characterized in the Eustoma grandiflorum. EgMIXTA1 was ubiquitously, but highly, expressed in leaves and buds. We identified the Eustoma MIXTA homolog and developed the plants for overexpression. EgMIXTA1-overexpressing plants had more wax crystal deposition on the leaf surface compared to wild-type and considerably more overall cuticular wax. In the leaves of the overexpression line, the cuticular transpiration occurred more slowly than in those of non-transgenic plants. Analysis of gene expression indicated that several genes, such as EgCER3, EgCER6, EgCER10, EgKCS1, EgKCR1, and EgCYP77A6, which are known to be involved in wax biosynthesis, were induced by EgMIXTA1-overexpression lines. Expression of another gene, WAX INDUCER1/SHINE1, encoding a transcription factor that stimulates the production of cutin, was also significantly higher in the overexpressors than in wild-type. However, the expression of a lipid-related gene, EgABCG12, did not change relative to the wild-type. These results suggest that EgMIXTA1 is involved in the biosynthesis of cuticular waxes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lishan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Wanjie Xue
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Xueqi Li
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Jingyao Li
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Jiayan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Linan Xie
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Saneyuki Kawabata
- Institute for Sustainable Agroecosystem Services, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuhua Li
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
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15
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Yang Y, Zhou Z, Li Y, Lv Y, Yang D, Yang S, Wu J, Li X, Gu Z, Sun X, Yang Y. Uncovering the role of a positive selection site of wax ester synthase/diacylglycerol acyltransferase in two closely related Stipa species in wax ester synthesis under drought stress. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:4159-4170. [PMID: 32309855 PMCID: PMC7475244 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Natural selection drives local adaptations of species to biotic or abiotic environmental stresses. As a result, adaptive phenotypic divergence can evolve among related species living in different habitats. However, the genetic foundation of this divergence process remains largely unknown. Two closely related alpine grass species, Stipa capillacea and Stipa purpurea, are distributed in different rainfall regions of northern Tibet. Here, we analyzed the drought tolerance of these two closely related Stipa species, and found that S. purpurea was more resistance to drought stress than S. capillacea. To further understand the genetic diversity behind their adaptation to drought environments, a comprehensive gene repertoire was generated using PacBio isoform and Illumina RNA sequencing technologies. Bioinformatics analyses revealed that differential transcripts were mainly enriched in the wax synthetic pathway, and a threonine residue at position 239 of WSD1 was identified as having undergone positive selection in S. purpurea. Using heterologous expression in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutant H1246, site-directed mutagenesis studies demonstrated that a positive selection site results in changes to the wax esters profile. This difference may play an important role in S. purpurea in response to drought conditions, indicating that S. purpurea has evolved specific strategies involving its wax biosynthetic pathway as part of its long-term adaptation to the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunqiang Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming, China
- Plant Germplasm and Genomics Center, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research at Kunming, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Zhili Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming, China
- Plant Germplasm and Genomics Center, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research at Kunming, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Yan Li
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming, China
- Plant Germplasm and Genomics Center, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research at Kunming, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanqiu Lv
- College of Life Sciences, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Danni Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming, China
- Plant Germplasm and Genomics Center, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research at Kunming, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shihai Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming, China
- Plant Germplasm and Genomics Center, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research at Kunming, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Jianshuang Wu
- Functional Biodiversity, Dahlem Center of Plant Sciences, Free University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Xiong Li
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming, China
- Plant Germplasm and Genomics Center, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research at Kunming, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Zhijia Gu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming, China
| | - Xudong Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming, China
- Plant Germplasm and Genomics Center, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research at Kunming, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Yongping Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming, China
- Plant Germplasm and Genomics Center, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research at Kunming, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
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16
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Chai Y, Li A, Chit Wai S, Song C, Zhao Y, Duan Y, Zhang B, Lin Q. Cuticular wax composition changes of 10 apple cultivars during postharvest storage. Food Chem 2020; 324:126903. [PMID: 32361095 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.126903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cuticular wax chemicals differ among fruit cultivars and contribute to storage ability. However, wax analysis in apple cultivars, particularly during storage, has not been described. In this work, the chemicals and crystal structures of cuticular wax in 10 apple cultivars were analyzed to observe wax functions in apple during storage. Results showed that alkanes and primary alcohols decreased while fatty acids increased in stored fruits of all cultivars compared with the fruits before storage. Terpenoids, aldehydes, and phenols were observed in stored fruits but not in the fruits before storage in all cultivars except 'Red Star' fruit. The weight loss rate was significantly correlated with six components including C13 alcohol, C14 alkanes, total alkanes, total wax, C13 alkanes and C54 alkanes in 10 cultivar apple fruits during storage. Our findings indicate that the total wax, particularly alkanes, in the peel of apple fruits is essential for storage and quality control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifeng Chai
- Key Laboratory of Agro-products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/ Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China; Shenyang Agricultural University, Liaoning 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Ang Li
- Key Laboratory of Agro-products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/ Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Su Chit Wai
- Key Laboratory of Agro-products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/ Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Congcong Song
- Key Laboratory of Agro-products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/ Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaoyao Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Agro-products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/ Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuquan Duan
- Key Laboratory of Agro-products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/ Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China.
| | - Baiqing Zhang
- Shenyang Agricultural University, Liaoning 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiong Lin
- Key Laboratory of Agro-products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/ Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China.
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17
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Dekić BR, Ristić MN, Mladenović MZ, Dekić VS, Ristić NR, Ranđelović V, Radulović NS. Diethyl‐Ether Flower Washings of
Dianthus cruentus
Griseb
. (Caryophyllaceae): Derivatization Reactions Leading to the Identification of New Wax Constituents. Chem Biodivers 2019; 16:e1900153. [DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201900153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Biljana R. Dekić
- Faculty of Natural Science and MathematicsUniversity of Priština Lole Ribara 29 38220 Kosovska Mitrovica Serbia
| | - Milenko N. Ristić
- Faculty of Natural Science and MathematicsUniversity of Priština Lole Ribara 29 38220 Kosovska Mitrovica Serbia
| | - Marko Z. Mladenović
- Department of ChemistryFaculty of Sciences and MathematicsUniversity of Niš Višegradska 33 18000 Niš Serbia
| | - Vidoslav S. Dekić
- Faculty of Natural Science and MathematicsUniversity of Priština Lole Ribara 29 38220 Kosovska Mitrovica Serbia
| | - Novica R. Ristić
- Faculty of Natural Science and MathematicsUniversity of Priština Lole Ribara 29 38220 Kosovska Mitrovica Serbia
| | - Vladimir Ranđelović
- Department of Biology and EcologyFaculty of Sciences and MathematicsUniversity of Niš Višegradska 33 18000 Niš Serbia
| | - Niko S. Radulović
- Department of ChemistryFaculty of Sciences and MathematicsUniversity of Niš Višegradska 33 18000 Niš Serbia
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