1
|
Yin X, Yang H, Ding K, Luo Y, Deng W, Liao J, Pan Y, Jiang B, Yong X, Jia Y. PfERF106, a novel key transcription factor regulating the biosynthesis of floral terpenoids in Primula forbesii Franch. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:851. [PMID: 39256664 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05567-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 09/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Flowers can be a source of essential oils used in the manufacture of substances with high economic value. The ethylene response factor (ERF) gene family plays a key role in regulating secondary metabolite biosynthesis in plants. However, until now, little has been known about the involvement of ERF transcription factors (TFs) in floral terpenoid biosynthesis. RESULTS In this study, an aromatic plant, Primula forbesii Franch., was used as research material to explore the key regulatory effects of PfERF106 on the biosynthesis of terpenoids. PfERF106, which encodes an IXb group ERF transcription factor, exhibited a consistent expression trend in the flowers of P. forbesii and was transcriptionally induced by exogenous ethylene. Transient silencing of PfERF106 in P. forbesii significantly decreased the relative contents of key floral terpenes, including (z)-β-ocimene, sabinene, β-pinene, γ-terpinene, linalool, eremophilene, α-ionone, and α-terpineol. In contrast, constitutive overexpression of PfERF106 in transgenic tobacco significantly increased the relative contents of key floral terpenes, including cis-3-hexen-1-ol, linalool, caryophyllene, cembrene, and sclareol. RNA sequencing of petals of PfERF106-silenced plants and empty-vector control plants revealed 52,711 expressed unigenes and 9,060 differentially expressed genes (DEGs). KEGG annotation analysis revealed that the DEGs were enriched for involvement in secondary metabolic biosynthetic pathways, including monoterpene and diterpene synthesis. Notably, 10 downregulated DEGs were determined to be the downstream target genes of PfERF106 affecting the biosynthesis of terpenoids in P. forbesii. CONCLUSION This study characterized the key positive regulatory effects of PfERF106 on the biosynthesis of terpenoids, indicating high-quality genetic resources for aroma improvement in P. forbesii. Thus, this study advances the artificial and precise directional regulation of metabolic engineering of aromatic substances.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiancai Yin
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Hongchen Yang
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Keying Ding
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yuanzhi Luo
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Wanqing Deng
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Jianwei Liao
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yuanzhi Pan
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Beibei Jiang
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Xue Yong
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yin Jia
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bian Y, Pan J, Gao D, Feng Y, Zhang B, Song L, Wang L, Ma X, Liang L. Bioactive metabolite profiles and quality of Rosa rugosa during its growing and flower-drying process. Food Chem 2024; 450:139388. [PMID: 38640529 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.139388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Rosa rugosa is extensively cultivated in China for its remarkable fragrance and flavor, however, the metabolic changes in roses during growth and drying remain unclear. Our results revealed significant variations in phenol and flavonoid contents and antioxidant capacity in roses (Rosa rugosa f. plena (Regel) Byhouwer) under different conditions. Phenol contents were positively correlated with antioxidant capacity, with phytochemicals being most prominent in unfolded petals. The highest antioxidant capacity and phenol and flavonoid contents were observed in April. Considering their greater consumption value, whole flowers were more suitable than petals alone. Furthermore, considerable sensory and nutritional differences were observed in dried roses. Different drying methods increased their total phenol content of roses by 4.2-5.4 times and the antioxidant capacity by 2.9 times. Metabolomics revealed the altered contents of flavonoids, anthocyanins, lipids, amino acids, and saccharides. This study provides baseline data for the potential of roses as a natural source of antioxidants in the food and pharmaceutical industries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Bian
- Shandong Academy of Pesticide Sciences Institute of Residue Technology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250033, China
| | - Jinju Pan
- Shandong Academy of Pesticide Sciences Institute of Residue Technology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250033, China
| | - Deliang Gao
- Shandong Academy of Pesticide Sciences Institute of Residue Technology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250033, China
| | - Yizhi Feng
- Shandong Academy of Pesticide Sciences Institute of Residue Technology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250033, China
| | - Bingjie Zhang
- Shandong Academy of Pesticide Sciences Institute of Residue Technology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250033, China
| | - Le Song
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology, BAAFS (Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences), Beijing 100097, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Shandong Agricultural Ecology and Resource Protection Station, Jinan 250033, China
| | - Xingang Ma
- Shandong Academy of Pesticide Sciences Institute of Residue Technology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250033, China
| | - Lin Liang
- Shandong Academy of Pesticide Sciences Institute of Residue Technology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250033, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Shi T, Zhou L, Ye Y, Yang X, Wang L, Yue Y. Characterization of YABBY transcription factors in Osmanthus fragrans and functional analysis of OfYABBY12 in floral scent formation and leaf morphology. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:589. [PMID: 38902627 PMCID: PMC11191298 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05047-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The plant-specific YABBY transcription factor family plays important roles in plant growth and development, particularly leaf growth, floral organ formation, and secondary metabolite synthesis. RESULTS Here, we identified a total of 13 OfYABBY genes from the Osmanthus fragrans genome. These 13 OfYABBY genes were divided into five subfamilies through phylogenetic analysis, and genes in the same subfamily showed similar gene structures and conserved protein motifs. Gene duplication promoted the expansion of the OfYABBY family in O. fragrans. Tissue-specific expression analysis showed that the OfYABBY family was mainly expressed in O. fragrans leaves and floral organs. To better understand the role of OfYABBY genes in plant growth and development, OfYABBY12 was selected for heterologous stable overexpression in tobacco, and OfYABBY12-overexpressing tobacco leaves released significantly fewer volatile organic compounds than wild-type tobacco leaves. Overexpression of OfYABBY12 led to the downregulation of NtCCD1/4 and decreased β-ionone biosynthesis. Correspondingly, a dual-luciferase assay showed that OfYABBY12 negatively regulated the expression of OfCCD4, which promotes β-ionone synthesis. Furthermore, tobacco leaves overexpressing OfYABBY12 were curled and wrinkled and had significantly reduced leaf thickness and leaf inclusions and significantly extended flower pistils (styles). CONCLUSION Overall, the results suggest that the OfYABBY gene family may influence the biosynthesis of the floral scent (especially β-ionone) in O. fragrans and may regulate leaf morphogenesis and lateral organs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Shi
- College of Landscape Architecture, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210037, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Ling Zhou
- College of Landscape Architecture, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210037, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Yunfang Ye
- College of Landscape Architecture, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210037, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Xiulian Yang
- College of Landscape Architecture, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210037, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Lianggui Wang
- College of Landscape Architecture, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210037, China.
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China.
| | - Yuanzheng Yue
- College of Landscape Architecture, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210037, China.
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chen D, Wang Q, Yang Y, Zhang Y, Zuo P, Guo Y, Shen Z. Preservative effects of Osmanthus fragrans flower flavonoids on fresh-cut Yuluxiang pear. Heliyon 2024; 10:e29748. [PMID: 38694105 PMCID: PMC11058293 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Osmanthus fragrans flower flavonoids (OFFF) possess superior antioxidant and antibacterial activities. However, scant information exists on the efficacy of these secondary metabolites as preservatives for fresh-cut fruits and vegetables. Here, OFFF were tested as a natural preservative for the first time in fresh-cut Yuluxiang pear (Pyrus bretschneideri Rehd.) to assess effects on fruit quality. OFFF-treated samples showed significant retention of firmness, titratable acid, soluble solid content, and weight. Moreover, OFFF maintained the original fruit color, inhibited the decline of total phenol, reducing power and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging power, and diminished polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase oxidase activities. Furthermore, OFFF treatment effectively inhibited microbial growth. OFFF-treated samples also displayed better sensory quality. Considering cost and effectiveness, the most suitable concentrations of OFFF extract for fresh-cut Yuluxiang pear preservation were 0.7 and 0.9 mg/mL. The results indicate that OFFF treatment may be a potent strategy to inhibit browning and enhance nutritional properties of fresh-cut pear fruit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dixin Chen
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471000, China
| | - Qian Wang
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471000, China
| | - Yingjun Yang
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471000, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471000, China
| | - Peijie Zuo
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471000, China
| | - Yujie Guo
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471000, China
| | - Zhiguo Shen
- Henan Academy of Forestry, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450008, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Peng Q, Tao W, Yu F, Xiong Q, Nong C, Zhang W, Fan J. Physiological and Biochemical Analysis Revealing the Key Factors Influencing 2-Phenylethanol and Benzyl Alcohol Production in Crabapple Flowers. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:631. [PMID: 38475477 DOI: 10.3390/plants13050631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Floral scent (FS) plays a crucial role in the ecological functions and industrial applications of plants. However, the physiological and metabolic mechanisms underlying FS formation remain inadequately explored. Our investigation focused on elucidating the differential formation mechanisms of 2-phenylethanol (2-PE) and benzyl alcohol (BA) by examining seven related enzyme concentrations and the content of soluble sugar, soluble proteins, carbon (C) and nitrogen (N), as well as the C/N ratio. The findings revealed that the peak content of 2-PE in M. 'Praire Rose' and BA in M. 'Lollipop' occurred during the end flowering stage (S4) and flowering stage (S3) periods, respectively. The enzyme concentration change trends of phenylpyruvate decarboxylase (PDL), phenylacetaldehyde reductase (PAR), soluble protein, C, N, and C/N ratio changes during the S3-S4 period in M. 'Praire Rose' and M. 'Lollipop' were entirely opposite. Correlation and PCA analysis demonstrated that the content of CYP79D73 (a P450) and N, and the C/N ratio were key factors in 2-PE production in M. 'Praire Rose'. The production of BA in M. 'Lollipop' was more influenced by the content of phenylacetaldehyde synthase (PAAS), CYP79D73, and soluble sugar. As CYP79D73 exits oppositely in correlation to 2-PE (M. 'Praire Rose') and BA (M. 'Lollipop'), it is hypothesized that CYP79D73 was postulated as the primary factor contributing to the observed differences of 2-PE (M. 'Praire Rose') and BA (M. 'Lollipop') formation. These results carry significant implications for crabapple aromatic flower breeding and the essential oil industry etc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qin Peng
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, No. 159 Longpan Road, Xuanwu District, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Wenkai Tao
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, No. 159 Longpan Road, Xuanwu District, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Fangyuan Yu
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, No. 159 Longpan Road, Xuanwu District, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Qinqin Xiong
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, No. 159 Longpan Road, Xuanwu District, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Chunshi Nong
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, No. 159 Longpan Road, Xuanwu District, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Wangxiang Zhang
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, No. 159 Longpan Road, Xuanwu District, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Junjun Fan
- College of Horticulture, Jinling Institute of Technology, No. 99 Hongjing Avenue, Jiangning District, Nanjing 211169, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Cao L, Jiang F, Liu D, Zhang J, Yang T, Zhang J, Che D, Fan J. Genome-Wide Characterization of Differentially Expressed Scent Genes in the MEP Control Network of the Flower of Lilium 'Sorbonne'. Mol Biotechnol 2024:10.1007/s12033-024-01063-3. [PMID: 38379074 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-024-01063-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Fragrance is an important feature of ornamental lilies. Components of volatile substances and important genes for monoterpene synthesis in the 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate (MEP) pathway were examined in this study. Twenty volatile compounds (2 in the budding stage, 3 in the initial flowering stage, 7 in the semi-flowering stage, 17 in the full-flowering stage, and 5 in withering stage) were detected in the Oriental lily 'Sorbonne' using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The semi- and full-flowering stages were key periods for volatile substance production and enzyme function. Sequence assembly from samples collected during all flowering stages resulted in the detection of 274,849 genes and 129,017 transcripts. RNA sequencing and heatmapping led to the detection of genes in the MEP monoterpene metabolism pathway. Through gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis, we extracted key genes (LiDXS2, LiLIS, and LiMYS) and transcription factors (in the bHLH, MYB, HD-ZIP, and NAC families) associated with the MEP pathway. Tissue localization revealed that LiDXS2, LiLIS, and LiMYS were expressed in Lilium 'Sorbonne' petals in the full-flowering stage. Genes regulating the 1-deoxy-D-X-lignone-5-phosphate synthase family of rate-limiting enzymes, involved in the first step of monoterpene synthesis, showed high expression in the semi- and full-flowering stages. LiDXS2 was cloned and localized in chloroplast subcells. The relative expression of terpene-related genes in the MEP and mevalonic acid pathways of wild-type and LiLIS/LiMYS transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana, and changes in chemical composition, confirmed that LiLIS/LiMYS regulates the monoterpene synthesis pathway. The results of this study provide a theoretical basis for the synthesis of lily aromatic substances and the cultivation of new garden flower varieties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Cao
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Fan Jiang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Dongying Liu
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Jiaohua Zhang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Tao Yang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Jinzhu Zhang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Daidi Che
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Jinping Fan
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Huang X, Zhang W, Liao Y, Ye J, Xu F. Contemporary understanding of transcription factor regulation of terpenoid biosynthesis in plants. PLANTA 2023; 259:2. [PMID: 37971670 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-023-04268-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE This review summarized how TFs function independently or in response to environmental factors to regulate terpenoid biosynthesis via fine-tuning the expression of rate-limiting enzymes. Terpenoids are derived from various species and sources. They are essential for interacting with the environment and defense mechanisms, such as antimicrobial, antifungal, antiviral, and antiparasitic properties. Almost all terpenoids have high medicinal value and economic performance. Recently, the control of enzyme genes on terpenoid biosynthesis has received a great deal of attention, but transcriptional factors regulatory network on terpenoid biosynthesis and accumulation has yet to get a thorough review. Transcription factors function as activators or suppressors independently or in response to environmental stimuli, fine-tuning terpenoid accumulation through regulating rate-limiting enzyme expression. This study investigates the advancements in transcription factors related to terpenoid biosynthesis and systematically summarizes previous works on the specific mechanisms of transcription factors that regulate terpenoid biosynthesis via hormone signal-transcription regulatory networks in plants. This will help us to better comprehend the regulatory network of terpenoid biosynthesis and build the groundwork for terpenoid development and effective utilization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinru Huang
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, Hubei, China
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, Hubei, China
| | - Yongling Liao
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, Hubei, China
| | - Jiabao Ye
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, Hubei, China.
| | - Feng Xu
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, Hubei, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wei Y, Meng N, Wang Y, Cheng J, Duan C, Pan Q. Transcription factor VvWRKY70 inhibits both norisoprenoid and flavonol biosynthesis in grape. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 193:2055-2070. [PMID: 37471439 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Norisoprenoids and flavonols are important secondary metabolites in grape berries (Vitis vinifera L.). The former is a class of ubiquitous flavor and fragrance compounds produced by the cleavage of carotenoids, and the latter, which is derived from the flavonoid metabolic pathway, has been proposed as a general quality marker for red grapes. However, the transcriptional regulatory mechanisms underlying norisoprenoid and flavonol production are still not fully understood. In this study, we characterized a transcription factor, VvWRKY70, as a repressor of both norisoprenoid and flavonol biosynthesis in grape berries, and its expression was downregulated by light and high-temperature treatment. Overexpressing VvWRKY70 in grape calli reduced norisoprenoid and flavonol production, particularly under light exposure or at high temperature, by repressing the expression of several related genes in the isoprenoid and flavonoid metabolic pathways. VvWRKY70 downregulated β-CAROTENE HYDROXYLASE 2 (VvBCH2) and CHALCONE SYNTHASE 3 (VvCHS3) expression based on yeast 1-hybrid analysis combined with electrophoretic mobility shift assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation-quantitative PCR. We discuss the role of VvWRKY70 in the coordinated regulatory network of isoprenoid and flavonoid metabolism. These findings provide a theoretical basis to improve flavor, color, and other comprehensive qualities of fruit crops and their processing products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wei
- Center for Viticulture and Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Nan Meng
- Key Laboratory of Brewing Molecular Engineering of China Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Yachen Wang
- Center for Viticulture and Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jing Cheng
- Center for Viticulture and Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Changqing Duan
- Center for Viticulture and Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Qiuhong Pan
- Center for Viticulture and Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ding A, Bao F, Yuan X, Wang J, Cheng T, Zhang Q. Integrative Analysis of Metabolome and Transcriptome Revealed Lutein Metabolism Contributed to Yellow Flower Formation in Prunus mume. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3333. [PMID: 37765497 PMCID: PMC10537319 DOI: 10.3390/plants12183333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Prunus mume is a famous ornamental woody tree with colorful flowers. P. mume with yellow flowers is one of the most precious varieties. Regretfully, metabolites and regulatory mechanisms of yellow flowers in P. mume are still unclear. This hinders innovation of flower color breeding in P. mume. To elucidate the metabolic components and molecular mechanisms of yellow flowers, we analyzed transcriptome and metabolome between 'HJH' with yellow flowers and 'ZLE' with white flowers. Comparing the metabolome of the two varieties, we determined that carotenoids made contributions to the yellow flowers rather than flavonoids. Lutein was the key differential metabolite to cause yellow coloration of 'HJH'. Transcriptome analysis revealed significant differences in the expression of carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase (CCD) between the two varieties. Specifically, the expression level of PmCCD4 was higher in 'ZLE' than that in 'HJH'. Moreover, we identified six major transcription factors that probably regulated PmCCD4 to affect lutein accumulation. We speculated that carotenoid cleavage genes might be closely related to the yellow flower phenotype in P. mume. Further, the coding sequence of PmCCD4 has been cloned from the 'HJH' petals, and bioinformatics analysis revealed that PmCCD4 possessed conserved histidine residues, ensuring its enzymatic activity. PmCCD4 was closely related to PpCCD4, with a homology of 98.16%. Instantaneous transformation analysis in petal protoplasts of P. mume revealed PmCCD4 localization in the plastid. The overexpression of PmCCD4 significantly reduced the carotenoid content in tobacco plants, especially the lutein content, indicating that lutein might be the primary substrate for PmCCD4. We speculated that PmCCD4 might be involved in the cleavage of lutein in plastids, thereby affecting the formation of yellow flowers in P. mume. This work could establish a material and molecular basis of molecular breeding in P. mume for improving the flower color.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aiqin Ding
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Engineering Research Center of Landscape Environment of Ministry of Education, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Fei Bao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Engineering Research Center of Landscape Environment of Ministry of Education, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xi Yuan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Engineering Research Center of Landscape Environment of Ministry of Education, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jia Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Engineering Research Center of Landscape Environment of Ministry of Education, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Tangren Cheng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Engineering Research Center of Landscape Environment of Ministry of Education, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Qixiang Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Engineering Research Center of Landscape Environment of Ministry of Education, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Wang Z, Farooq TH, He H, Shahani AAA, Hameed R, Fayyaz A, Yousaf MS, Wang J, Chen L. Cloning and functional analysis of the DXR gene and promoter region in Osmanthus fragrans var. semperflorens. Funct Integr Genomics 2023; 23:277. [PMID: 37603091 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-023-01214-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
The precise biological function and activity of the deoxylulose-5-phosphate reductoisomerase (DXR) gene and its promoter in Osmanthus fragrans var. semperflorens remain unclear, even though OfDXR is known as the crucial enzyme involved in plant terpenoid synthesis. This study aimed to shed light on the role and activity of the OfDXR gene and its promoter in O. fragrans var. semperflorens by employing RACE-PCR and Hi-TAIL-PCR techniques for the cloning of the gene and promoter sequence from the petal tissue. Subsequently, genetic transformation and histochemical staining methods were utilized to analyze their function and activity. The OfDXR gene exhibited a DNA sequence length of 5241 bp, encompassing 12 exons and 11 introns. The corresponding cDNA sequence of the OfDXR gene was 1629 bp, encoding 474 amino acid residues. Expression analysis revealed that the OfDXR gene was predominantly active in the petals during the early full blooming stage. Overexpression of the OfDXR gene in Arabidopsis plants at the primary or full blooming stage led to an augmentation in the total terpenoid content. Furthermore, the promoter sequence of the OfDXR gene spanned a length of 1174 bp and contained conserved regulatory/response elements, demonstrating functional activity. These findings indicate that the OfDXR gene plays a pivotal role in terpenoid synthesis, while its promoter exhibits robust activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zihan Wang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Hunan Changsha, 410004, China
| | - Taimoor Hassan Farooq
- College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Hunan Changsha, 410004, China
- Bangor College China, a Joint Unit of Bangor University and Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Hunan Changsha, 410004, China
| | - Hanjie He
- College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Hunan Changsha, 410004, China
| | - Aitzaz A A Shahani
- Key Laboratory of Crop Sciences and Plant Breeding Genetics, College of Agriculture, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, China
| | - Rashida Hameed
- School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Institute of Environment and Ecology, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Amna Fayyaz
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Davis, Davis, USA
| | | | - Jun Wang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Hunan Changsha, 410004, China.
| | - Lili Chen
- College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Hunan Changsha, 410004, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Pirker T, Pferschy-Wenzig EM, Bampali E, Bochkov V, Bauer R. Glycolipid-enriched fraction of Osmanthus fragrans inhibits LPS-induced expression of inflammatory genes, COX-2, E-selectin, and Interleukin-8. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 309:116328. [PMID: 36870464 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Osmanthus fragrans Lour. is a small ornamental tree native to the Southeastern parts of China. It is mainly cultivated because of its characteristic fragrance, and used in the food and perfume industry. Besides, its flowers are used in traditional Chinese medicine to treat a variety of diseases including those related to inflammation. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of the study was to investigate in more detail the anti-inflammatory properties of O. fragrans flowers, and to characterize their active principles and mechanisms of action. MATERIALS AND METHODS O. fragrans flowers were successively extracted with n-hexane, dichloromethane and methanol. The extracts were further fractionated by chromatographic separation. COX-2 mRNA expression in PMA-differentiated, LPS-stimulated THP-1 cells was used as lead assay for activity-guided fractionation. The most potent fraction was chemically analyzed by LC-HRMS. The pharmacological activity was also evaluated in other inflammation-related in-vitro models, such as analysis of IL-8 secretion and E-selectin expression in HUVECtert cells and selective inhibition of COX-isoenzymes. RESULTS n-Hexane and dichloromethane extracts of O. fragrans flowers significantly inhibited COX-2 (PTGS2) mRNA expression. Additionally, both extracts inhibited COX-2 enzyme activity, whereas COX-1 enzyme activity was affected to a significantly lower extent. Fractionation of the extracts led to a highly active, glycolipid-containing fraction. In total, 10 glycolipids were tentatively annotated by LC-HRMS. This fraction also inhibited LPS-induced COX-2 mRNA expression, IL-8 secretion and E-selectin expression. The effects were limited to LPS-induced inflammation and not observed when inflammatory genes were induced by TNF-α, IL-1β or FSL-1. Since all these inducers of inflammation act via different receptors, it is likely that the fraction interferes with the binding of LPS to the TLR4-receptor, which mediates pro-inflammatory effects of LPS. CONCLUSION Taken together, the results demonstrate the anti-inflammatory potential of O. fragrans flower extracts in general, and of the glycolipid-enriched fraction in particular. The effects of glycolipid-enriched fraction are potentially mediated via the inhibition of the TLR4 receptor complex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Pirker
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacognosy, Beethovenstraße 8, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Eva-Maria Pferschy-Wenzig
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacognosy, Beethovenstraße 8, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Evangelia Bampali
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacognosy, Beethovenstraße 8, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Valery Bochkov
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Humboldtstraße 46/III, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Rudolf Bauer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacognosy, Beethovenstraße 8, University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Morote L, Rubio-Moraga Á, López-Jiménez AJ, Argandoña J, Niza E, Ahrazem O, Gómez-Gómez L. A carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase 4 from Paulownia tomentosa determines visual and aroma signals in flowers. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 329:111609. [PMID: 36737005 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2023.111609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Paulownia tomentosa is an economically important fast-growing tree, and its flowers and fruits are a rich source of biologically active secondary metabolites. In addition, the flowers of P. tomentosa are distinguished by a strong aroma and are also excellent nectariferous plants. The flowers are pale lilac and characterized by the presence of yellow nectar guides, whose color changes during the development of the flower, representing reliable signals to pollinators while enhancing reproductive success. The chemical analyses of the nectar guides revealed the presence of carotenoids as the pigments responsible for the observed coloration, with β-carotene levels determining the color changes observed after anthesis, with a reduction at anthesis and further increase and accumulation in post anthesis. To understand how β-carotene accumulation was controlled in the nectar guides, the expression of genes related to carotenoid biosynthesis and metabolism was analyzed. Carotenogenic gene expression was not associated with the observed changes in β-carotene during flower development. However, the expression of a gene encoding a carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase, CCD4-4, was co-related with the levels of β-carotene in the nectar guides. In addition, CCD4-4 cleavage β-carotene at C9-C10 and C9'-C10' positions, resulting in the generation of β-ionone, which was detected in flowers at anthesis. The obtained results indicated a developmental stage specific regulation of apocarotenoid formation through β-carotene cleavage, resulting in color changes and volatile production as key traits for plant-pollinator interactions. DATA AVAILABILITY: Data will be made available on request.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Morote
- Instituto Botánico, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología Agroforestal y Genética, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, 02071 Albacete, Spain
| | - Ángela Rubio-Moraga
- Instituto Botánico, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología Agroforestal y Genética, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, 02071 Albacete, Spain; Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica y de Montes y Biotecnología, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología Agroforestal y Genética, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, 02071 Albacete, Spain
| | - Alberto José López-Jiménez
- Instituto Botánico, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología Agroforestal y Genética, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, 02071 Albacete, Spain; Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica y de Montes y Biotecnología, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología Agroforestal y Genética, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, 02071 Albacete, Spain
| | - Javier Argandoña
- Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica y de Montes y Biotecnología, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología Agroforestal y Genética, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, 02071 Albacete, Spain
| | - Enrique Niza
- Instituto Botánico, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología Agroforestal y Genética, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, 02071 Albacete, Spain; Facultad de Farmacia, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología Agroforestal y Genética, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, 02071 Albacete, Spain
| | - Oussama Ahrazem
- Instituto Botánico, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología Agroforestal y Genética, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, 02071 Albacete, Spain; Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica y de Montes y Biotecnología, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología Agroforestal y Genética, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, 02071 Albacete, Spain
| | - Lourdes Gómez-Gómez
- Instituto Botánico, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología Agroforestal y Genética, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, 02071 Albacete, Spain; Facultad de Farmacia, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología Agroforestal y Genética, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, 02071 Albacete, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Li S, Zhang L, Sun M, Lv M, Yang Y, Xu W, Wang L. Biogenesis of flavor-related linalool is diverged and genetically conserved in tree peony ( Paeonia × suffruticosa). HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2023; 10:uhac253. [PMID: 36751271 PMCID: PMC9896599 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhac253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Floral scent is an important and genetically complex trait in horticultural plants. Tree peony (Paeonia × suffruticosa) originates in the Pan-Himalaya and has nine wild species divided into two subsections, Delavayanae and Vaginatae. Their flowers are beloved worldwide for their sweet floral fragrance, yet the flavor-related volatiles and underlying biosynthetic pathways remain unknown. Here, we characterized the volatile blends of all wild tree peony species and found that the flavor-related volatiles were highly divergent, but linalool was a unique monoterpene in subsect. Delavayanae. Further detection of volatiles in 97 cultivars with various genetic backgrounds showed that linalool was also the characteristic aroma component in Paeonia delavayi hybrid progenies, suggesting that linalool was conserved and dominant within subsect. Delavayanae and its hybrids, instead of species and cultivars from subsect. Vaginatae. Global transcriptome analysis of all wild tree peony species and 60 cultivars revealed five candidate genes that may be involved in key steps of linalool biosynthesis; especially the expressions of three TPS genes, PdTPS1, PdTPS2, and PdTPS4, were significantly positively correlated with linalool emissions across tree peony cultivars. Further biochemical evidence demonstrated that PdTPS1 and PdTPS4 were the pivotal genes determining the species-specific and cultivar-specific emission of linalool. This study revealed a new insight into floral scent divergence in tree peony and would greatly facilitate our understanding of the phylogeny and evolution of Paeonia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Miao Sun
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Mengwen Lv
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Yi F, Xu H, Lü C, Wu K, Hao L, Lin S, Su C. Comparison of Three Different Extraction Methods on Osmanthus Volatile Oil: Aroma and Biological Activity. Chem Biodivers 2023; 20:e202200658. [PMID: 36633391 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202200658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The osmanthus volatile oil was welcomed by consumers even if the high price since the unique and pleasant odor. Meanwhile, the low yield of osmanthus volatile oil restricts industrial production. In this work, an osmanthus volatile oil was obtained by means of a novel ultrasonic-assisted flash extraction method and was compared with the oil from hydrodistillation and supercritical fluid extraction on yield, aroma, and biological activities. The volatile oil obtained from the ultrasonic-assisted flash extraction was obtained with the petroleum ether and got a high yield at 3.51 % within a 40-min process, an increase of nearly 81 % from the single solvent extraction. This oil also showed a high aroma intensity and aroma compound concentration. Meanwhile, the oil also has the highest antioxidant ability but lower antibacterial activity against oil from hydrodistillation. It was considered that this work was helpful for the optimization of the extraction method of osmanthus volatile oil.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fengping Yi
- Department of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, No. 100 Haiquan Road, Shanghai, 201418, China
| | - Hejie Xu
- Department of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, No. 100 Haiquan Road, Shanghai, 201418, China
| | - Chenyuan Lü
- Department of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, No. 100 Haiquan Road, Shanghai, 201418, China
| | - Kaiwen Wu
- Department of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, No. 100 Haiquan Road, Shanghai, 201418, China
| | - Linyu Hao
- Department of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, No. 100 Haiquan Road, Shanghai, 201418, China
| | - Shifan Lin
- Department of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, No. 100 Haiquan Road, Shanghai, 201418, China
| | - Chang Su
- Department of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, No. 100 Haiquan Road, Shanghai, 201418, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
A strategy to maintain the organoleptic quality of flavor-β-cyclodextrin inclusion complexes: Characteristics aroma reconstruction of Osmanthus absolute. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2023.114570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
|
16
|
Duan Y, Yan J, Zhu Y, Zhang C, Tao X, Ji H, Zhang M, Wang X, Wang L. Limited accumulation of high-frequency somatic mutations in a 1700-year-old Osmanthus fragrans tree. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 42:2040-2049. [PMID: 35640149 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpac058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Lifespan varies greatly between and within species. Mutation accumulation is considered an important factor explaining this life-history trait. However, direct assessment of somatic mutations in long-lived species is still rare. In this study, we sequenced a 1700-year-old sweet olive tree and analysed the high-frequency somatic mutations accumulated in its six primary branches. We found the lowest per-year mutation accumulation rate in this oldest tree among those studied via the whole-genome sequencing approach. Investigation of mutation profiles suggests that this low rate of high-frequency mutation was unlikely to result from strong purifying selection. More intriguingly, on a per-branching scale, the high-frequency mutation accumulation rate was similar among the long-lived individuals such as oak, wild peach and sweet olive investigated here. We therefore suggest the possibility that the accumulation of high-frequency somatic mutations in very long-lived trees might have an upper boundary due to both the possible limited number of stem cell divisions and the early segregation of the stem cell lineage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Duan
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Subtropical Forest Biodiversity Conservation, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Xuanwu District, Nanjing 210037, China
- International Cultivar Registration Center for Osmanthus, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Xuanwu District, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Jiping Yan
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Subtropical Forest Biodiversity Conservation, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Xuanwu District, Nanjing 210037, China
- International Cultivar Registration Center for Osmanthus, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Xuanwu District, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Yue Zhu
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Subtropical Forest Biodiversity Conservation, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Xuanwu District, Nanjing 210037, China
- International Cultivar Registration Center for Osmanthus, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Xuanwu District, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Subtropical Forest Biodiversity Conservation, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Xuanwu District, Nanjing 210037, China
- International Cultivar Registration Center for Osmanthus, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Xuanwu District, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Xiuhua Tao
- Vegetable and Flowers Research Institute, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 1738 Liantang Middle Blvd, Nanchang 330200, China
| | - Hongli Ji
- Vegetable and Flowers Research Institute, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 1738 Liantang Middle Blvd, Nanchang 330200, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Subtropical Forest Biodiversity Conservation, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Xuanwu District, Nanjing 210037, China
- International Cultivar Registration Center for Osmanthus, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Xuanwu District, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Xianrong Wang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Subtropical Forest Biodiversity Conservation, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Xuanwu District, Nanjing 210037, China
- International Cultivar Registration Center for Osmanthus, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Xuanwu District, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Long Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Qixia District. Nanjing 210023, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Zhang C, Zhang K, Chai Z, Song Y, Wang X, Duan Y, Zhang M. Identification of miRNAs and Target Genes at Key Stages of Sexual Differentiation in Androdioecious Osmanthus fragrans. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810386. [PMID: 36142310 PMCID: PMC9499476 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Androdioecy is the crucial transition state in the evolutionary direction of hermaphroditism to dioecy, however, the molecular mechanisms underlying the formation of this sex system remain unclear. While popular in China for its ornamental and cultural value, Osmanthus fragrans has an extremely rare androdioecy breeding system, meaning that there are both male and hermaphroditic plants in a population. To unravel the mechanisms underlying the formation of androdioecy, we performed small RNA sequencing studies on male and hermaphroditic O. fragrans. A total of 334 miRNAs were identified, of which 59 were differentially expressed. Functional categorization revealed that the target genes of differentially expressed miRNAs were mainly involved in the biological processes of reproductive development and the hormone signal transduction pathway. We speculated that the miRNA160, miRNA167, miRNA393 and miRNA396 families may influence the sex differentiation in O. fragrans. Overall, our study is the first exploration of miRNAs in the growth and development process of O. fragrans, and is also the first study of androdioecious plants from the miRNA sequencing perspective. The analysis of miRNAs and target genes that may be involved in the sex differentiation process lay a foundation for the ultimate discovery of the androdioecious molecular mechanism in O. fragrans.
Collapse
|
18
|
Huang H, Gao X, Gao X, Zhang S, Zheng Y, Zhang N, Hong B, Zhao X, Gu Z. Flower color mutation, pink to orange, through CmGATA4 - CCD4a-5 module regulates carotenoids degradation in chrysanthemum. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 322:111290. [PMID: 35753140 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The carotenoids biosynthesis pathway in plants has been studied extensively, yet little is known about the regulatory mechanisms underlying this process, especially for ornamental horticulture plants. In this study, a natural variation of chrysanthemum with orange coloration was identified and compared with the wild type with pink coloration; the content and component of carotenoids were largely enriched in the mutant with orange coloration. CmCCD4a-5, the DNA sequence in both 'Pink yan' and the mutant, was identified and shown to function as a carotenoid degradation enzyme. Compared with 'Pink yan', the mutant shows lower expression level of CmCCD4a-5. Furthermore, CmGATA4 was found to have an opposite expression trend to CmCCD4a-5, and it could directly bind with the CmCCD4a-5 promoter. Taken together, this study demonstrates that CmGATA4 acts as a negative regulator of CmCCD4a-5 and, furthermore, low expression of CmCCD4a-5 resulted in carotenoid accumulation in the mutant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongfeng Huang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Xuekai Gao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Xiang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE and Institute of Genetics & Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China.
| | - Shiqi Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Ying Zheng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Ning Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Bo Hong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Xin Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Zhaoyu Gu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Wang B, Luan F, Bao Y, Peng X, Rao Z, Tang Q, Zeng N. Traditional uses, phytochemical constituents and pharmacological properties of Osmanthus fragrans: A review. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 293:115273. [PMID: 35405258 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Osmanthus fragrans Lour., is a medicinal plant distributed widely in some Asian countries including Japan and Korea and southwestern China. It has been used traditionally for the treatment of weakened vision, halitosis, panting, asthma, cough, toothache, stomachache, diarrhea, rheumatism, physique pain and hepatitis. AIM OF THE REVIEW Recent advances in traditional uses, botanical characteristics, distribution, taxonomy, phytochemical constituents, biological effects as well as the toxicities of O. fragrans are comprehensively presented and critically evaluated, and the underlying mechanism associated with the bioactivities of extracts, essential oil and components from this plant is also well summarized. In order to provide comprehensive scientific basis for the medical application and help interested researchers discover food and medicinal natural products from O. fragrans. MATERIALS AND METHODS All information was systematically gathered from globally accepted scientific databases by Internet databases, including Elsevier, ScienceDirect, PubMed, Web of Science, Wiley, Springer, SciFinder, ACS Publications, CNKI, WanFang, Google Scholar, Baidu Scholar, The Plant List Database, and other literature sources (Ph.D. and MSc dissertations). All published contributions on O. fragrans different languages were included and cited. The chemical structures of all isolated compounds were drawn by using ChemBioDraw Ultra 14.0 software. RESULTS To date, more than 183 compounds were isolated and structurally identified from different plant parts of O. fragrans. Among them, ionone, ionol, flavonoids, polyphenols and iridoids, as the major bioactive substances, have been extensively studied and displayed the best bioactivity. Pharmacological studies demonstrated that O. fragrans and its active components had a wide range of biological activities, such as antioxidant, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, anti-hyperglycemic, anti-thrombotic, anti-melanogenesis, neuroprotective, and hepatoprotective activities, etc. CONCLUSION: O. fragrans, as a food and medicinal resource, has a good health care function and important edible and medicinal value, and thus has good prospects for utilization. However, many studies on biological activities were mainly based on extracts and the bioactive ingredients of this plant, and the mechanism responsible for these extracts and ingredients have not been well identified and there is a gap in research regarding clinical effect and safety. Therefore, the detail in vitro and in vivo studies on the mechanisms of action of the pure bioactive compounds and more clinical studies are encouraged to be conducted to ensure safety and effectiveness of the plant for human use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Baojun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, PR China; School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, PR China
| | - Fei Luan
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, PR China; School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, PR China
| | - Yiwen Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, PR China; School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, PR China
| | - Xi Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, PR China; School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, PR China
| | - Zhili Rao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, PR China; School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, PR China
| | - Qiong Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, PR China; School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, PR China
| | - Nan Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Fu X, Gómez-Gómez L, Rivera-Madrid R. Editorial: Interactions Between Biochemical Pathways Producing Plant Colors and Scents. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:955431. [PMID: 35812921 PMCID: PMC9257432 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.955431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiumin Fu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany and Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lourdes Gómez-Gómez
- Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología Agroforestal y Genética, Instituto Botánico, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Wang Y, Zhang C, Xu B, Fu J, Du Y, Fang Q, Dong B, Zhao H. Temperature regulation of carotenoid accumulation in the petals of sweet osmanthus via modulating expression of carotenoid biosynthesis and degradation genes. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:418. [PMID: 35659179 PMCID: PMC9166602 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-08643-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Temperature is involved in the regulation of carotenoid accumulation in many plants. The floral color of sweet osmanthus (Osmanthus fragrans Lour.) which is mainly contributed by carotenoid content, is affected by temperature in autumn. However, the mechanism remains unknown. Here, to reveal how temperature regulates the floral color of sweet osmanthus, potted sweet osmanthus ‘Jinqiu Gui’ were treated by different temperatures (15 °C, 19 °C or 32 °C). The floral color, carotenoid content, and the expression level of carotenoid-related genes in petals of sweet osmanthus ‘Jinqiu Gui’ under different temperature treatments were investigated. Results Compared to the control (19 °C), high temperature (32 °C) changed the floral color from yellow to yellowish-white with higher lightness (L*) value and lower redness (a*) value, while low temperature (15 °C) turned the floral color from yellow to pale orange with decreased L* value and increased a* value. Total carotenoid content and the content of individual carotenoids (α-carotene, β-carotene, α-cryptoxanthin, β-cryptoxanthin, lutein and zeaxanthin) were inhibited by high temperature, but were enhanced by low temperature. Lower carotenoid accumulation under high temperature was probably attributed to transcriptional down-regulation of the biosynthesis gene OfPSY1, OfZ-ISO1 and OfLCYB1, and up-regulation of degradation genes OfNCED3, OfCCD1-1, OfCCD1-2, and OfCCD4-1. Up-regulation of OfLCYB1, and down-regulation of OfNCED3 and OfCCD4-1 were predicted to be involved in low-temperature-regulated carotenoid accumulation. Luciferase assays showed that the promoter activity of OfLCYB1 was activated by low temperature, and repressed by high temperature. However, the promoter activity of OfCCD4-1 was repressed by low temperature, and activated by high temperature. Conclusions Our study revealed that high temperature suppressed the floral coloration by repressing the expression of carotenoid biosynthesis genes, and activating the expression of carotenoid degradation genes. However, the relative low temperature had opposite effects on floral coloration and carotenoid biosynthesis in sweet osmanthus. These results will help reveal the regulatory mechanism of temperature on carotenoid accumulation in the petals of sweet osmanthus. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-022-08643-0.
Collapse
|
22
|
Han Y, Lu M, Yue S, Li K, Dong M, Liu L, Wang H, Shang F. Comparative methylomics and chromatin accessibility analysis in Osmanthus fragrans uncovers regulation of genic transcription and mechanisms of key floral scent production. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2022; 9:uhac096. [PMID: 35795393 PMCID: PMC9250655 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhac096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Linalool and ionone are two important aromatic components in sweet osmanthus petals, and the regulatory mechanisms that produce these two components remain unclear. In this study, we employed whole-genome methylation sequencing and ATAC-seq technology to analyze the genomic DNA methylation status and chromatin accessibility of the sweet osmanthus cultivars 'Zaohuang' and 'Chenghong Dangui'. Results showed that the promoter region of TPS2, a key gene in the linalool synthesis pathway, was less methylated in 'Chenghong Dangui' than in 'Zaohuang'. The chromatin was more accessible in 'Chenghong Dangui' than in 'Zaohuang', which resulted in a much stronger expression of this gene in 'Chenghong Dangui' than in 'Zaohuang'. This eventually led to a high quantity of linalool and its oxides in the petals of 'Chenghong Dangui', but there were lower levels present in the petals of 'Zaohuang'. These results suggest that DNA methylation and chromatin accessibility play major roles in linalool synthesis in sweet osmanthus. The methylation level of the promoter region of CCD4, a key gene for ionone synthesis, was higher in 'Zaohuang' than in 'Chenghong Dangui'. The chromatin accessibility was lower in 'Zaohuang' than in 'Chenghong Dangui', although the expression of this gene was significantly higher in 'Zaohuang' than in 'Chenghong Dangui'. ChIP-seq analysis and a series of experiments showed that the differential expression of CCD4 and CCD1 in the two cultivars may predominantly be the result of regulation by ERF2 and other transcription factors. However, a 183-bp deletion involving the CCD4 promoter region in 'Chenghong Dangui' may be the main reason for the low expression of this gene in its petals. This study provides an important theoretical basis for improving selective breeding of key floral fragrance components in sweet osmanthus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Miaomiao Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Laboratory of Plant Germplasm and Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
| | - Shumin Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Laboratory of Plant Germplasm and Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
| | - Ke Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Laboratory of Plant Germplasm and Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
| | - Meifang Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Laboratory of Plant Germplasm and Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
| | - Luxian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Laboratory of Plant Germplasm and Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
| | - Hongyun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Laboratory of Plant Germplasm and Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
| | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Zhang J, Gu X, Yan W, Lou L, Xu X, Chen X. Characterization of Differences in the Composition and Content of Volatile Compounds in Cucumber Fruit. Foods 2022; 11:foods11081101. [PMID: 35454687 PMCID: PMC9027996 DOI: 10.3390/foods11081101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The cucumber is characterized by the presence of a wide range of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which are recognized as the main responsible for its unique flavor. However, research on the types and contents of VOCs in different cucumber cultivars remains fragmentary. Here, using an automatic headspace solid-phase microextraction coupled with the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method, the VOCs were analyzed in three representative cucumber cultivars, including YX, KX, and GX, with the best, middle, and worst flavor quality, respectively, which were selected from 30 cultivars after flavor quality evaluation. Principal component analysis revealed that the six biological replicates were grouped, indicating high reliability of the data. A total of 163 VOCs were detected. There were 28 differential VOCs in YX compared to GX, 33 differential VOCs in YX compared to KX, and 10 differential VOCs in KX compared to GX. Furthermore, K-means clustering analysis showed that 38 of the 43 no-overlapping differential VOCs were represented by the most abundant compounds detected in YX. The prevailing VOCs in YX included: hydrocarbons, aldehydes, and ketones. The data obtained in the present study extend our understanding the impact of cultivars on VOCs in cucumber and will help facilitate targeted breeding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (J.Z.); (X.G.); (W.Y.); (X.C.)
| | - Xiuchao Gu
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (J.Z.); (X.G.); (W.Y.); (X.C.)
| | - Wenjing Yan
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (J.Z.); (X.G.); (W.Y.); (X.C.)
| | - Lina Lou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Institute of Vegetable Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China;
| | - Xuewen Xu
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (J.Z.); (X.G.); (W.Y.); (X.C.)
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Institute of Vegetable Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China;
- Correspondence:
| | - Xuehao Chen
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (J.Z.); (X.G.); (W.Y.); (X.C.)
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Mostafa S, Wang Y, Zeng W, Jin B. Floral Scents and Fruit Aromas: Functions, Compositions, Biosynthesis, and Regulation. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:860157. [PMID: 35360336 PMCID: PMC8961363 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.860157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Floral scents and fruit aromas are crucial volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in plants. They are used in defense mechanisms, along with mechanisms to attract pollinators and seed dispersers. In addition, they are economically important for the quality of crops, as well as quality in the perfume, cosmetics, food, drink, and pharmaceutical industries. Floral scents and fruit aromas share many volatile organic compounds in flowers and fruits. Volatile compounds are classified as terpenoids, phenylpropanoids/benzenoids, fatty acid derivatives, and amino acid derivatives. Many genes and transcription factors regulating the synthesis of volatiles have been discovered. In this review, we summarize recent progress in volatile function, composition, biosynthetic pathway, and metabolism regulation. We also discuss unresolved issues and research perspectives, providing insight into improvements and applications of plant VOCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Salma Mostafa
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Department of Floriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Yun Wang
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Wen Zeng
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Biao Jin
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Yan X, Ding W, Wu X, Wang L, Yang X, Yue Y. Insights Into the MYB-Related Transcription Factors Involved in Regulating Floral Aroma Synthesis in Sweet Osmanthus. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:765213. [PMID: 35356120 PMCID: PMC8959829 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.765213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
As an important member of the MYB transcription factor (TF) family, the MYB-related TFs play multiple roles in regulating the synthesis of secondary metabolites and developmental processes, as well as in response to numerous biotic and abiotic stressors in plants. However, little is known regarding their roles in regulating the formation of floral volatile organic compounds (VOCs). In this study, we conducted a genome-wide analysis of MYB-related proteins in sweet osmanthus; 212 OfMYB-related TFs were divided into three distinct subgroups based on the phylogenetic analysis. Additionally, we found that the expansion of the OfMYB-related genes occurred primarily through segmental duplication events, and purifying selection occurred in all duplicated gene pairs. RNA-seq data revealed that the OfMYB-related genes were widely expressed in different organs of sweet osmanthus, and some showed flower organ/development stage-preferential expression patterns. Here, three OfMYB-related genes (OfMYB1R70/114/201), which were expressed nuclearly in floral organs, were found to be significantly involved in regulating the synthesis of floral VOCs. Only, OfMYB1R201 had transcriptional activity, thus implying that this gene participates in regulating the expression of VOC synthesis related genes. Remarkably, the transient expression results suggested that OfMYB1R70, OfMYB1R114, and OfMYB1R201 are involved in the regulation of VOC synthesis; OfMYB1R114 and OfMYB1R70 are involved in accelerating β-ionone formation. In contrast, OfMYB1R201 decreases the synthesis of β-ionone. Our results deepen our knowledge of the functions of MYB-related TFs and provide critical candidate genes for the floral aroma breeding of sweet osmanthus in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yan
- Key Laboratory of Landscape Architecture, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
- Co-innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenjie Ding
- Key Laboratory of Landscape Architecture, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
- Co-innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiuyi Wu
- Key Laboratory of Landscape Architecture, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
- Co-innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lianggui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Landscape Architecture, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
- Co-innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiulian Yang
- Key Laboratory of Landscape Architecture, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
- Co-innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuanzheng Yue
- Key Laboratory of Landscape Architecture, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
- Co-innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Lu C, Qu J, Deng C, Liu F, Zhang F, Huang H, Dai S. The transcription factor complex CmAP3-CmPI-CmUIF1 modulates carotenoid metabolism by directly regulating carotenogenic gene CmCCD4a-2 in chrysanthemum. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2022; 9:uhac020. [PMID: 35184172 PMCID: PMC9125392 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhac020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Carotenoids are one of the most important pigments for the coloring in many plants, fruits and flowers. Recently, significant progress has been made in carotenoid metabolism. However, the specific understanding on transcriptional regulation controlling the expression of carotenoid metabolic genes remains extremely limited. Anemone-type chrysanthemum, as a special group of chrysanthemum cultivars, contain elongated disc florets in capitulum, which usually appear in different colors compared with the ray florets since accumulating distinct content of carotenoids. In this study, the carotenoid composition and content of the ray and disc florets of an anemone-type chrysanthemum cultivar 'Dong Li Fen Gui' were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) and the key structural gene CmCCD4a-2, of which differential expression resulted in the distinct content of carotenoids accumulated in these two types of florets, was identified. Then the promoter sequence of CmCCD4a-2 was used as bait to screen a chrysanthemum flower cDNA library and two transcription factors, CmAP3 and CmUIF1 were identified. Y2H, BiFC and Y3H experiments demonstrated that these two TFs were connected by CmPI to form CmAP3-CmPI-CmUIF1 TF complex. This TF complex regulated carotenoid metabolism through activating the expression of CmCCD4a-2 directly. Furthermore, a large number of target genes regulated directly by the CmAP3-CmPI-CmUIF1 TF complex, including carotenoid biosynthetic genes, flavonoid biosynthetic genes and flower development-related genes, were identified by DNA-affinity purification sequencing (DAP-seq), which indicated that the CmAP3-CmPI-CmUIF1 TF complex might participate in multiple processes. These findings expand our knowledge for the transcriptional regulation of carotenoid metabolism in plants and will be helpful to manipulating carotenoid accumulation in chrysanthemum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chenfei Lu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Education Ministry, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Jiaping Qu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Education Ministry, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Chengyan Deng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Education Ministry, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Fangye Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Education Ministry, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Education Ministry, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - He Huang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Education Ministry, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Silan Dai
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Education Ministry, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Li Y, Gao R, Zhang J, Wang Y, Kong P, Lu K, Adnan , Liu M, Ao F, Zhao C, Wang L, Gao X. The biochemical and molecular investigation of flower color and scent sheds lights on further genetic modification of ornamental traits in Clivia miniata. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2022; 9:uhac114. [PMID: 35929604 PMCID: PMC9343915 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhac114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Clivia miniata is renowned for its evergreen and strap-like leaves, whereas its floral color and scent are lacking diversity. Here, anthocyanin, volatile terpene, and carotenoid metabolisms were integrally investigated in C. miniata flowers. The results showed that pelargonidins and lutein might cooperate to confer orange or yellow color to C. miniata flowers, but only a trace amount of (+)-limonene was detected. The expression levels of CmF3'H and CmDFR appeared to be responsible for the ratio of cyanidin and pelargonidin derivatives in C. miniata, and the low expression of CmF3'H was responsible for the lack of cyanidins in flowers. Moreover, the CmF3'H promoter could not be activated by CmMYBAs, suggesting that it was controlled by novel regulators. Only two CmTPSs were functional, with CmTPS2 responsible for (+)-limonene synthesis, contributing to the monotonous flower volatile terpenes of C. miniata. CmCCD1a and CmCCD1b were able to cleave carotenoids at the 5,6 (5',6'), and 9,10 (9',10') positions to generate volatile apocarotenoids, whereas the substrates found in low-quantities or specific subcellular localizations of CmCCD1s might constrain volatile apocarotenoid release. Consequently, activating F3'H and introducing novel F3'5'H or versatile TPS may be effective ways to modify the floral color and scent, respectively. Alternatively, modifying the carotenoid flux or CCD1 localization might affect floral color and scent simultaneously. Taking these results together, the present study provides a preliminary deciphering of the genetic constraints underlying flower color and scent development, and proposes possible schemes for further genetic modification of ornamental traits in C. miniata and other plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jia Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE and Institute of Genetics & Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Yanan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE and Institute of Genetics & Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Peiru Kong
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE and Institute of Genetics & Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Keyu Lu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE and Institute of Genetics & Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Adnan
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE and Institute of Genetics & Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Meng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE and Institute of Genetics & Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Feng Ao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE and Institute of Genetics & Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | | | - Li Wang
- Corresponding authors. E-mail: ; ;
| | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Zheng X, Yang Y, Al-Babili S. Exploring the Diversity and Regulation of Apocarotenoid Metabolic Pathways in Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:787049. [PMID: 34956282 PMCID: PMC8702529 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.787049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In plants, carotenoids are subjected to enzyme-catalyzed oxidative cleavage reactions as well as to non-enzymatic degradation processes, which produce various carbonyl products called apocarotenoids. These conversions control carotenoid content in different tissues and give rise to apocarotenoid hormones and signaling molecules, which play important roles in plant growth and development, response to environmental stimuli, and in interactions with surrounding organisms. In addition, carotenoid cleavage gives rise to apocarotenoid pigments and volatiles that contribute to the color and flavor of many flowers and several fruits. Some apocarotenoid pigments, such as crocins and bixin, are widely utilized as colorants and additives in food and cosmetic industry and also have health-promoting properties. Considering the importance of this class of metabolites, investigation of apocarotenoid diversity and regulation has increasingly attracted the attention of plant biologists. Here, we provide an update on the plant apocarotenoid biosynthetic pathway, especially highlighting the diversity of the enzyme carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase 4 (CCD4) from different plant species with respect to substrate specificity and regioselectivity, which contribute to the formation of diverse apocarotenoid volatiles and pigments. In addition, we summarize the regulation of apocarotenoid metabolic pathway at transcriptional, post-translational, and epigenetic levels. Finally, we describe inter- and intraspecies variation in apocarotenoid production observed in many important horticulture crops and depict recent progress in elucidating the genetic basis of the natural variation in the composition and amount of apocarotenoids. We propose that the illustration of biochemical, genetic, and evolutionary background of apocarotenoid diversity would not only accelerate the discovery of unknown biosynthetic and regulatory genes of bioactive apocarotenoids but also enable the identification of genetic variation of causal genes for marker-assisted improvement of aroma and color of fruits and vegetables and CRISPR-based next-generation metabolic engineering of high-value apocarotenoids.
Collapse
|
29
|
Wang X, Wu Y, Zhu H, Zhang H, Xu J, Fu Q, Bao M, Zhang J. Headspace Volatiles and Endogenous Extracts of Prunus mume Cultivars with Different Aroma Types. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26237256. [PMID: 34885838 PMCID: PMC8658796 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26237256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Prunus mume is a traditional ornamental plant, which owed a unique floral scent. However, the diversity of the floral scent in P. mume cultivars with different aroma types was not identified. In this study, the floral scent of eight P. mume cultivars was studied using headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) and organic solvent extraction (OSE), combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). In total, 66 headspace volatiles and 74 endogenous extracts were putatively identified, of which phenylpropanoids/benzenoids were the main volatile organic compounds categories. As a result of GC-MS analysis, benzyl acetate (1.55-61.26%), eugenol (0.87-6.03%), benzaldehyde (5.34-46.46%), benzyl alcohol (5.13-57.13%), chavicol (0-5.46%), and cinnamyl alcohol (0-6.49%) were considered to be the main components in most varieties. However, the volatilization rate of these main components was different. Based on the variable importance in projection (VIP) values in the orthogonal partial least-squares discriminate analysis (OPLS-DA), differential components of four aroma types were identified as biomarkers, and 10 volatile and 12 endogenous biomarkers were screened out, respectively. The odor activity value (OAV) revealed that several biomarkers, including (Z)-2-hexen-1-ol, pentyl acetate, (E)-cinnamaldehyde, methyl salicylate, cinnamyl alcohol, and benzoyl cyanide, contributed greatly to the strong-scented, fresh-scented, sweet-scented, and light-scented types of P. mume cultivars. This study provided a theoretical basis for the floral scent evaluation and breeding of P. mume cultivars.
Collapse
|
30
|
Cheng GT, Li YS, Qi SM, Wang J, Zhao P, Lou QQ, Wang YF, Zhang XQ, Liang Y. SlCCD1A Enhances the Aroma Quality of Tomato Fruits by Promoting the Synthesis of Carotenoid-Derived Volatiles. Foods 2021; 10:2678. [PMID: 34828962 PMCID: PMC8621488 DOI: 10.3390/foods10112678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The loss of volatiles results in the deterioration of flavor in tomatoes. Volatiles are mainly derived from fatty acid, carotenoid, phenylpropane, and branched chain amino acids. In this study, the tomato accession CI1005 with a strong odor and accession TI4001 with a weak odor were analyzed. The volatile contents were measured in tomato fruits using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The scores of tomato taste and odor characteristics were evaluated according to hedonistic taste and olfaction. It was found that the content of fatty acid-derived volatiles accounted for more than half of the total volatiles that had grassy and fatty aromas. Phenylpropane-derived volatiles had irritation and floral aromas. Branched-chain amino acid-derived volatiles had a caramel aroma. Carotenoid-derived volatiles had floral, fruity, fatty, and sweet-like aromas, preferred by consumers. A lack of carotenoid-derived volatiles affected the flavor quality of tomato fruits. The accumulation of carotenoid-derived volatiles is regulated by carotenoid cleavage oxygenases (CCDs). A tissue-specific expression analysis of the SlCCD genes revealed that the expression levels of SlCCD1A and SlCCD1B were higher in tomato fruits than in other tissues. The expression levels of SlCCD1A and SlCCD1B were consistent with the trend of the carotenoid-derived volatile contents. The expression of SlCCD1A was higher than that for SlCCD1B. A bioinformatics analysis revealed that SlCCD1A was more closely linked to carotenoid metabolism than SlCCD1B. The overexpression of SlCCD1A indicated that it could cleave lycopene, α-carotene, and β-carotene to produce 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, geranylacetone, α-ionone, and β-ionone, increasing the floral, fruity, fatty, and sweet-like aromas of tomato fruits. The flavor quality of tomato fruits could be improved by overexpressing SlCCD1A.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Ting Cheng
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (G.-T.C.); (Y.-S.L.); (S.-M.Q.); (J.W.); (P.Z.); (Q.-Q.L.)
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Regions, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Jujube, Yan’an University, Yan’an 716000, China; (Y.-F.W.); (X.-Q.Z.)
- College of Life Science, Yan’an University, Yan’an 716000, China
| | - Yu-Shun Li
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (G.-T.C.); (Y.-S.L.); (S.-M.Q.); (J.W.); (P.Z.); (Q.-Q.L.)
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Regions, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Shi-Ming Qi
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (G.-T.C.); (Y.-S.L.); (S.-M.Q.); (J.W.); (P.Z.); (Q.-Q.L.)
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Regions, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Jin Wang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (G.-T.C.); (Y.-S.L.); (S.-M.Q.); (J.W.); (P.Z.); (Q.-Q.L.)
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Regions, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Pan Zhao
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (G.-T.C.); (Y.-S.L.); (S.-M.Q.); (J.W.); (P.Z.); (Q.-Q.L.)
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Regions, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Qian-Qi Lou
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (G.-T.C.); (Y.-S.L.); (S.-M.Q.); (J.W.); (P.Z.); (Q.-Q.L.)
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Regions, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Yan-Feng Wang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Jujube, Yan’an University, Yan’an 716000, China; (Y.-F.W.); (X.-Q.Z.)
- College of Life Science, Yan’an University, Yan’an 716000, China
| | - Xiang-Qian Zhang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Jujube, Yan’an University, Yan’an 716000, China; (Y.-F.W.); (X.-Q.Z.)
- College of Life Science, Yan’an University, Yan’an 716000, China
| | - Yan Liang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (G.-T.C.); (Y.-S.L.); (S.-M.Q.); (J.W.); (P.Z.); (Q.-Q.L.)
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Regions, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Varghese R, S UK, C GPD, Ramamoorthy S. Unraveling the versatility of CCD4: Metabolic engineering, transcriptomic and computational approaches. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 310:110991. [PMID: 34315605 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2021.110991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Carotenoids are economically valuable isoprenoids synthesized by plants and microorganisms, which play a paramount role in their overall growth and development. Carotenoid cleavage dioxygenases are a vast group of enzymes that specifically cleave thecarotenoids to produce apocarotenoids. Recently, CCDs are a subject of talk because of their contributions to different aspects of plant growth and due to their significance in the production of economically valuable apocarotenoids. Among them, CCD4 stands unique because of its versatility in performing metabolic roles. This review focuses on the multiple functionalities of CCD4 like pigmentation, volatile apocarotenoid production, stress responses, etc. Interestingly, through our literature survey we arrived at a conclusion that CCD4 could perform functions of other carotenoid cleaving enzymes.The metabolic engineering, transcriptomic, and computational approaches adopted to reveal the contributions of CCD4 were also considered here for the study.Phylogenetic analysis was performed to delve into the evolutionary relationships of CCD4 in different plant groups. A tree of 81CCD genes from 64 plant species was constructed, signifying the presence of well-conserved families. Gene structures were illustrated and the difference in the number and position of exons could be considered as a factor behind functional versatility and substrate tolerance of CCD4 in different plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ressin Varghese
- School of Bio Sciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | - Udhaya Kumar S
- School of Bio Sciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | - George Priya Doss C
- School of Bio Sciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | - Siva Ramamoorthy
- School of Bio Sciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Ye L, Yang P, Zeng Y, Li C, Jian N, Wang R, Huang S, Yang R, Wei L, Zhao H, Zheng Q, Gao H, Liu J. Rhizobium symbiosis modulates the accumulation of arsenic in Medicago truncatula via nitrogen and NRT3.1-like genes regulated by ABA and linalool. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 415:125611. [PMID: 33725554 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic (As) contamination is a worldwide problem and threatens human health. Here, we found that Rhizobium symbiosis can improve the tolerance to arsenate [As(V)], and a wild type R. meliloti Rm5038 symbiosis can significantly decrease the accumulation of As in Medicago truncatula shoots. The As content in plants could be decreased by nitrogen and the mutation of nitrate transporter NRT3.1. The expression of M. truncatula NRT3.1-like gene NRT3.1L1 could reverse the As(V)-tolerance phenotype of the Arabidopsis nrt3.1 mutant. Rm5038 symbiosis significantly increased the level of nitrogen in the shoot and reduced the expression of NRT3.1Ls in plants afflicted by As(V). The genetic analyses of aba2-1, pyr1/pyl1/2/4/5/8, and abi1-2/abi2-2/hab1-1/pp2ca-1 mutants revealed that abscisic acid (ABA) signaling regulates the tolerance of plants to As(V). ABA and linalool could promote the expression of NRT3.1Ls, however, their root biosynthesis was inhibited by ammonium, the first form of nitrogen fixed by Rhizobium symbiosis. Moreover, ABA and linalool may also control As and nitrate accumulation in Rhizobium symbionts via signaling pathways other than ammonia and NRT3.1Ls. Thus, Rhizobium symbiosis modulates the accumulation of As in plants via nitrogen and NRT3.1Ls regulated by ABA and linalool, which provides novel approaches to reduce As accumulation in legume crops.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liaoliao Ye
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Peizhi Yang
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinwei Zeng
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun Li
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Ni Jian
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruihua Wang
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Siyuan Huang
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Rongchen Yang
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Long Wei
- College of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiyan Zhao
- College of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingsong Zheng
- College of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China.
| | - Huiling Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jinlong Liu
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Identification and Evaluation of Aromatic Volatile Compounds in 26 Cultivars and 8 Hybrids of Freesia hybrida. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26154482. [PMID: 34361635 PMCID: PMC8347352 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26154482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Freesia hybrida is a group of cultivars in the genus Freesia with a strong floral scent composed of diverse volatile organic compounds (VOCs). In this study, the VOCs of 34 F. hybrida were extracted and analyzed by headspace solid phase microextraction and gas chromatography mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS). A total of 164 VOCs whose relative contents were higher than 0.05% were detected. The numbers of VOCs in all germplasms differed between 11 to 38, and the relative contents ranged from 32.39% to 94.28%, in which most germplasms were higher than 80%. Terpenoids, especially monoterpenes, were the crucial type of VOCs in most germplasms, of which linalool and D-limonene were the most frequently occurring. Principal component analysis (PCA) clearly separated samples based on whether linalool was the main component, and hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA) clustered samples into 4 groups according to the preponderant compounds linalool and (E)-β-ocimene. Comparison of parental species and hybrids showed heterosis in three hybrids, and the inherited and novel substances suggested that monoterpene played an important role in F. hybrida floral scent. This study established a foundation for the evaluation of Freesia genetic resources, breeding for the floral aroma and promoting commercial application.
Collapse
|
34
|
Chen H, Zeng X, Yang J, Cai X, Shi Y, Zheng R, Wang Z, Liu J, Yi X, Xiao S, Fu Q, Zou J, Wang C. Whole-genome resequencing of Osmanthus fragrans provides insights into flower color evolution. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2021; 8:98. [PMID: 33931610 PMCID: PMC8087690 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-021-00531-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Osmanthus fragrans is a well-known ornamental plant that has been domesticated in China for 2500 years. More than 160 cultivars have been found during this long period of domestication, and they have subsequently been divided into four cultivar groups, including the Yingui, Jingui, Dangui, and Sijigui groups. These groups provide a set of materials to study genetic evolution and variability. Here, we constructed a reference genome of O. fragrans 'Liuyejingui' in the Jingui group and investigated its floral color traits and domestication history by resequencing a total of 122 samples, including 119 O. fragrans accessions and three other Osmanthus species, at an average sequencing depth of 15×. The population structure analysis showed that these 119 accessions formed an apparent regional cluster. The results of linkage disequilibrium (LD) decay analysis suggested that varieties with orange/red flower color in the Dangui group had undergone more artificial directional selection; these varieties had the highest LD values among the four groups, followed by the Sijigui, Jingui, and Yingui groups. Through a genome-wide association study, we further identified significant quantitative trait loci and genomic regions containing several genes, such as ethylene-responsive transcription factor 2 and Arabidopsis pseudoresponse regulator 2, that are positively associated with petal color. Moreover, we found a frameshift mutation with a 34-bp deletion in the first coding region of the carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase 4 gene. This frameshift mutation existed in at least one site on both alleles in all varieties of the Dangui group. The results from this study shed light on the genetic basis of domestication in woody plants, such as O. fragrans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongguo Chen
- Hubei Engineering Research Center for Fragrant Plants, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, 437100, China
- Xianning Research Academy of Industrial Technology of Osmanthus fragrans, Xianning, 437100, China
| | - Xiangling Zeng
- Hubei Engineering Research Center for Fragrant Plants, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, 437100, China
- Xianning Research Academy of Industrial Technology of Osmanthus fragrans, Xianning, 437100, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Hubei Engineering Research Center for Fragrant Plants, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, 437100, China
- Xianning Research Academy of Industrial Technology of Osmanthus fragrans, Xianning, 437100, China
| | - Xuan Cai
- Hubei Engineering Research Center for Fragrant Plants, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, 437100, China
- Xianning Research Academy of Industrial Technology of Osmanthus fragrans, Xianning, 437100, China
| | - Yumin Shi
- Hubei Engineering Research Center for Fragrant Plants, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, 437100, China
- Xianning Research Academy of Industrial Technology of Osmanthus fragrans, Xianning, 437100, China
| | - Riru Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zhenqi Wang
- Xianning Vocational Technical College, Xianning, 437100, China
| | - Junyi Liu
- Xianning Forestry Academy of Sciences, Xianning, 437100, China
| | - Xinxin Yi
- Wuhan Frasergen Bioinformatics Co., Ltd., Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Siwei Xiao
- Wuhan Frasergen Bioinformatics Co., Ltd., Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Qiang Fu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jingjing Zou
- Hubei Engineering Research Center for Fragrant Plants, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, 437100, China.
- Xianning Research Academy of Industrial Technology of Osmanthus fragrans, Xianning, 437100, China.
| | - Caiyun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
β-Ionone: Its Occurrence and Biological Function and Metabolic Engineering. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10040754. [PMID: 33921545 PMCID: PMC8069406 DOI: 10.3390/plants10040754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
β-Ionone is a natural plant volatile compound, and it is the 9,10 and 9′,10′ cleavage product of β-carotene by the carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase. β-Ionone is widely distributed in flowers, fruits, and vegetables. β-Ionone and other apocarotenoids comprise flavors, aromas, pigments, growth regulators, and defense compounds; serve as ecological cues; have roles as insect attractants or repellants, and have antibacterial and fungicidal properties. In recent years, β-ionone has also received increased attention from the biomedical community for its potential as an anticancer treatment and for other human health benefits. However, β-ionone is typically produced at relatively low levels in plants. Thus, expressing plant biosynthetic pathway genes in microbial hosts and engineering the metabolic pathway/host to increase metabolite production is an appealing alternative. In the present review, we discuss β-ionone occurrence, the biological activities of β-ionone, emphasizing insect attractant/repellant activities, and the current strategies and achievements used to reconstruct enzyme pathways in microorganisms in an effort to to attain higher amounts of the desired β-ionone.
Collapse
|
36
|
Zhu K, Sun Q, Chen H, Mei X, Lu S, Ye J, Chai L, Xu Q, Deng X. Ethylene activation of carotenoid biosynthesis by a novel transcription factor CsERF061. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:3137-3154. [PMID: 33543285 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Chromoplast-specific lycopene β-cyclase (LCYb2) is a critical carotenogenic enzyme, which controls the massive accumulation of downstream carotenoids, especially provitamin A carotenoids, in citrus. Its regulatory metabolism is largely unknown. Here, we identified a group I ethylene response factor, CsERF061, in citrus by yeast one-hybrid screen with the promoter of LCYb2. The expression of CsERF061 was induced by ethylene. Transcript and protein levels of CsERF061 were increased during fruit development and coloration. CsERF061 is a nucleus-localized transcriptional activator, which directly binds to the promoter of LCYb2 and activates its expression. Overexpression of CsERF061 in citrus calli and tomato fruits enhanced carotenoid accumulation by increasing the expression of key carotenoid pathway genes, and increased the number of chromoplasts needed to sequester the elevated concentrations of carotenoids, which was accompanied by changes in the concentrations of abscisic acid and gibberellin. Electrophoretic mobility shift and dual-luciferase assays verified that CsERF061 activates the promoters of nine other key carotenoid pathway genes, PSY1, PDS, CRTISO, LCYb1, BCH, ZEP, NCED3, CCD1, and CCD4, revealing the multitargeted regulation of CsERF061. Collectively, our findings decipher a novel regulatory network of carotenoid enhancement by CsERF061, induced by ethylene, which will be useful for manipulating carotenoid accumulation in citrus and other plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaijie Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology of MOE (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Quan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology of MOE (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Hongyan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology of MOE (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xuehan Mei
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology of MOE (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Suwen Lu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology of MOE (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Junli Ye
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology of MOE (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Lijun Chai
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology of MOE (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Qiang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology of MOE (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiuxin Deng
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology of MOE (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Shi Y, Xia H, Cheng X, Zhang L. Genome-wide miRNA analysis and integrated network for flavonoid biosynthesis in Osmanthus fragrans. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:141. [PMID: 33639855 PMCID: PMC7913170 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-07439-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Osmanthus fragrans is an important economical plant containing multiple secondary metabolites including flavonoids and anthocyanins. During the past years, the roles of miRNAs in regulating the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites in plants have been widely investigated. However, few studies on miRNA expression profiles and the potential roles in regulating flavonoid biosynthesis have been reported in O. fragrans. Results In this study, we used high-throughput sequencing technology to analyze the expression profiles of miRNAs in leaf and flower tissues of O. fragrans. As a result, 106 conserved miRNAs distributed in 47 families and 88 novel miRNAs were identified. Further analysis showed there were 133 miRNAs differentially expressed in leaves and flowers. Additionally, the potential target genes of miRNAs as well as the related metabolic pathways were predicted. In the end, flavonoid content was measured in flower and leaf tissues and potential role of miR858 in regulating flavonoid synthesis was illustrated in O. fragrans. Conclusions This study not only provided the genome-wide miRNA profiles in the flower and leaf tissue of O. fragrans, but also investigated the potential regulatory role of miR858a in flavonoid synthesis in O. fragrans. The results specifically indicated the connection of miRNAs to the regulation of secondary metabolite biosynthesis in non-model economical plant. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-021-07439-y.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Shi
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Heng Xia
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Xiaoting Cheng
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China.,Department of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Libin Zhang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China. .,Department of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Liang MH, He YJ, Liu DM, Jiang JG. Regulation of carotenoid degradation and production of apocarotenoids in natural and engineered organisms. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2021; 41:513-534. [PMID: 33541157 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2021.1873242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Carotenoids are important precursors of a wide range of apocarotenoids with their functions including: hormones, pigments, retinoids, volatiles, and signals, which can be used in the food, flavors, fragrances, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical industries. This article focuses on the formation of these multifaceted apocarotenoids and their diverse biological roles in all living systems. Carotenoid degradation pathways include: enzymatic oxidation by specific carotenoid cleavage oxygenases (CCOs) or nonspecific enzymes such as lipoxygenases and peroxidases and non-enzymatic oxidation by reactive oxygen species. Recent advances in the regulation of carotenoid cleavage genes and the biotechnological production of multiple apocarotenoids are also covered. It is suggested that different developmental stages and environmental stresses can influence both the expression of carotenoid cleavage genes and the formation of apocarotenoids at multiple levels of regulation including: transcriptional, transcription factors, posttranscriptional, posttranslational, and epigenetic modification. Regarding the biotechnological production of apocarotenoids especially: crocins, retinoids, and ionones, enzymatic biocatalysis and metabolically engineered microorganisms have been a promising alternative route. New substrates, carotenoid cleavage enzymes, biosynthetic pathways for apocarotenoids, and new biological functions of apocarotenoids will be discussed with the improvement of our understanding of apocarotenoid biology, biochemistry, function, and formation from different organisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Hua Liang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Jing He
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dong-Mei Liu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian-Guo Jiang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Sheng X, Lin Y, Cao J, Ning Y, Pang X, Wu J, Kong F. Comparative Evaluation of Key Aroma-Active Compounds in Sweet Osmanthus ( Osmanthus fragrans Lour.) with Different Enzymatic Treatments. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:332-344. [PMID: 33370113 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c06244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Sweet osmanthus (Osmanthus fragrans Lour.) (OF) is one of the ten most famous flowers in China for its unique and delicate fragrance. A combined solid-phase microextraction and solvent-assisted flavor evaporation method was used to accurately capture the overall aromatic profile and characterize the predominant odorants of fresh osmanthus with the help of gas chromatography (GC)-olfactometry and comprehensive two-dimensional GC-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC × GC-QTOF-MS). Twenty-six volatiles were identified for the first time in OF. A total of 23 potent odorants, dominated by monoterpene oxides and C6 aliphatic aldehydes, were identified. The efficacy of pectinase, β-glucosidase, and their combination on the aroma enhancement of OF was evaluated by quantitation of the target aroma components using GC-triple quadrupole-MS. The total concentration of key aroma components increased in all three enzyme treatment groups, and the increase was more significant in two β-glucosidase-treated groups. Changes in odor activity values and odor spectrum values of key odorants indicated that the pectinase-treated sample had more prominent floral, green, and potato-like scents. In contrast, the β-glucosidase-treated sample had more dominant floral, woody, almond-like, and fruity notes but less green odor, which was confirmed by sensory evaluation. β-Glucosidase and pectinase complement one another very well, and together, promote a remarkable aroma enhancement in OF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Sheng
- Tobacco Research Institute, Laboratory of Tobacco and Aromatic Plants Quality and Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Yingnan Lin
- Tobacco Research Institute, Laboratory of Tobacco and Aromatic Plants Quality and Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Jianmin Cao
- Tobacco Research Institute, Laboratory of Tobacco and Aromatic Plants Quality and Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Yang Ning
- Tobacco Research Institute, Laboratory of Tobacco and Aromatic Plants Quality and Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Xueli Pang
- Tobacco Research Institute, Laboratory of Tobacco and Aromatic Plants Quality and Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Jihong Wu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Fanyu Kong
- Tobacco Research Institute, Laboratory of Tobacco and Aromatic Plants Quality and Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Zhao C, Yu Z, da Silva JAT, He C, Wang H, Si C, Zhang M, Zeng D, Duan J. Functional Characterization of a Dendrobium officinale Geraniol Synthase DoGES1 Involved in Floral Scent Formation. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E7005. [PMID: 32977586 PMCID: PMC7582308 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Floral scent is a key ornamental trait that determines the quality and commercial value of orchids. Geraniol, an important volatile monoterpene in orchids that attracts pollinators, is also involved in responses to stresses but the geraniol synthase (GES) responsible for its synthesis in the medicinal orchid Dendrobium officinale has not yet been identified. In this study, three potential geraniol synthases were mined from the D. officinale genome. DoGES1, which was localized in chloroplasts, was characterized as a geraniol synthase. DoGES1 was highly expressed in flowers, especially in petals. DoGES1 transcript levels were high in the budding stage of D. officinale flowers at 11:00 a.m. DoGES1 catalyzed geraniol in vitro, and transient expression of DoGES1 in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves resulted in the accumulation of geraniol in vivo. These findings on DoGES1 advance our understanding of geraniol biosynthesis in orchids, and lay the basis for genetic modification of floral scent in D. officinale or in other ornamental orchids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Conghui Zhao
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; (C.Z.); (Z.Y.); (C.H.); (H.W.); (C.S.); (M.Z.); (D.Z.)
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhenming Yu
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; (C.Z.); (Z.Y.); (C.H.); (H.W.); (C.S.); (M.Z.); (D.Z.)
- Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | | | - Chunmei He
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; (C.Z.); (Z.Y.); (C.H.); (H.W.); (C.S.); (M.Z.); (D.Z.)
| | - Haobin Wang
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; (C.Z.); (Z.Y.); (C.H.); (H.W.); (C.S.); (M.Z.); (D.Z.)
| | - Can Si
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; (C.Z.); (Z.Y.); (C.H.); (H.W.); (C.S.); (M.Z.); (D.Z.)
| | - Mingze Zhang
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; (C.Z.); (Z.Y.); (C.H.); (H.W.); (C.S.); (M.Z.); (D.Z.)
| | - Danqi Zeng
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; (C.Z.); (Z.Y.); (C.H.); (H.W.); (C.S.); (M.Z.); (D.Z.)
| | - Jun Duan
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; (C.Z.); (Z.Y.); (C.H.); (H.W.); (C.S.); (M.Z.); (D.Z.)
- Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Aslam MZ, Lin X, Li X, Yang N, Chen L. Molecular Cloning and Functional Characterization of CpMYC2 and CpBHLH13 Transcription Factors from Wintersweet ( Chimonanthus praecox L.). PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9060785. [PMID: 32585874 PMCID: PMC7356763 DOI: 10.3390/plants9060785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Wintersweet (Chimonanthus praecox L.) is an ornamental and economically significant shrub known for its unique flowering characteristics, especially the emission of abundant floral volatile organic compounds. Thus, an understanding of the molecular mechanism of the production of these compounds is necessary to create new breeds with high volatile production. In this study, two bHLH transcription factors (CpMYC2 and CpbHLH13) of Wintersweet H29 were functionally characterized to illustrate their possible role in the production of volatile compounds. The qRT-PCR results showed that the expression of CpMYC2 and CpbHLH13 increased from the flower budding to full bloom stage, indicating that these two genes may play an essential role in blooming and aroma production in wintersweet. Gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) analysis revealed that the overexpression of CpMYC2 in arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) AtMYC2-2 mutant (Salk_083483) and tobacco (Nicotiana tabaccum) genotype Petit Havana SR1 significantly increased floral volatile monoterpene, especially linalool, while the overexpression of CpbHLH13 in Arabidopsis thaliana ecotype Columbia-0 (Col-0) and tobacco genotype SR1 increased floral sesquiterpene β-caryophyllene production in both types of transgenic plants respectively. High expression of terpene synthase (TPS) genes in transgenic A. thaliana along with high expression of CpMYC2 and CpbHLH13 in transgenic plants was also observed. The application of a combination of methyl jasmonic acid (MeJA) and gibberellic acid (GA3) showed an increment in linalool production in CpMYC2-overexpressing arabidopsis plants, and the high transcript level of TPS genes also suggested the involvement of CpMYC2 in the jasmonic acid (JA) signaling pathway. These results indicate that both the CpMYC2 and CpbHLH13 transcription factors of wintersweet are possibly involved in the positive regulation and biosynthesis of monoterpene (linalool) and sesquiterpene (β-caryophyllene) in transgenic plants. This study also indicates the potential application of wintersweet as a valuable genomic material for the genetic modification of floral scent in other flowering plants that produce less volatile compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Zeshan Aslam
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (M.Z.A.); (X.L.); (X.L.)
| | - Xiang Lin
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (M.Z.A.); (X.L.); (X.L.)
| | - Xiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (M.Z.A.); (X.L.); (X.L.)
| | - Nan Yang
- Southwest Research Centre for Engineering Technology of Landscape Architecture (State Forestry and Grassland Administration), Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China;
| | - Longqing Chen
- Southwest Research Centre for Engineering Technology of Landscape Architecture (State Forestry and Grassland Administration), Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China;
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Meng N, Wei Y, Gao Y, Yu K, Cheng J, Li XY, Duan CQ, Pan QH. Characterization of Transcriptional Expression and Regulation of Carotenoid Cleavage Dioxygenase 4b in Grapes. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:483. [PMID: 32457771 PMCID: PMC7227400 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Norisoprenoids are important aromatic volatiles contributing to the pleasant floral/fruity odor in grapes and wine. They are produced from carotenoids through the cleavage of carotenoid cleavage dioxygenases (CCDs). However, the underlying mechanisms regulating VvCCD expression remain poorly understood. In this study, we showed that VvCCD4b expression was positively correlated with the accumulation of β-damascenone, β-ionone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, geranylacetone, dihydroedulan I, and total norisoprenoids in developing grapes in two vintages from two regions. VvCCD4b was found to be principally expressed in flowers, mature leaves, and berries. Abscisic acid strongly induced the expression of this gene. Additionally, the present study preliminarily indicated that the activity of the VvCCD4b promoter was dropped under 37°C treatment and also responded to the illumination change. VvCCD4b was expressed in parallel with VvMADS4 in developing grape berries. The latter is a MADS family transcription factor and nucleus-localized protein that was captured by yeast one-hybrid. A dual-luciferase reporter assay in tobacco leaves revealed that VvMADS4 downregulated the activity of the VvCCD4b promoter. VvMADS4 overexpression in grape calli and Vitis quinquangularis Rehd. leaves repressed the VvCCD4b expression. In summary, this work demonstrates that VvCCD4b expression is positively correlated with the accumulation of norisoprenoids, and VvMADS4 is a potential negative regulator of VvCCD4b. Our results provide a new perspective for understanding the regulation of VvCCD4b expression and norisoprenoid accumulation in grapes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nan Meng
- Center for Viticulture and Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Wei
- Center for Viticulture and Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Center for Viticulture and Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Keji Yu
- Center for Viticulture and Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Cheng
- Center for Viticulture and Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Xiang-Yi Li
- Center for Viticulture and Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Chang-Qing Duan
- Center for Viticulture and Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Qiu-Hong Pan
- Center for Viticulture and Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Research Advances on Biosynthesis, Regulation, and Biological Activities of Apocarotenoid Aroma in Horticultural Plants. J CHEM-NY 2020. [DOI: 10.1155/2020/2526956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Apocarotenoids, which play important roles in the growth and development of horticultural plants, are produced by the action of carotenoid cleavage oxygenase (CCO) family members or nonenzymatic cleavage actions. Apocarotenoids are commonly found in leaves, flowers, and fruits of many horticultural plants and participate in the formation of pigments, flavors, hormones, and signaling compounds. Some of them are recognized as important aroma components of fruit and flower with aromatic odor, such as βß-ionone, β-damascenone, and 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one in tomato fruit, and have low odor thresholds with β-ionone having odor threshold of only 0.007 ppb. In this review, the main apocarotenoid aroma components in horticultural plants were listed, and factors influencing their production were discussed at first. Then, the biosynthetic pathway of apocarotenoid aromas was briefly introduced, and the CCDs gene family was highlighted, and the nonenzymatic production of apocarotenoid aromas was also mentioned. Next, chemical and molecular regulations of apocarotenoid aromas and their biological activities were summarized. Finally, further exploration aspects needed were suggested. We anticipate that this review can afford some crucial information for comprehensive application of apocarotenoid volatile compounds in horticultural plants.
Collapse
|
44
|
Ding W, Ouyang Q, Li Y, Shi T, Li L, Yang X, Ji K, Wang L, Yue Y. Genome-wide investigation of WRKY transcription factors in sweet osmanthus and their potential regulation of aroma synthesis. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 40:557-572. [PMID: 31860707 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpz129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
WRKY transcription factors, one of the largest transcription factor families, play important roles in regulating the synthesis of secondary metabolites. In sweet osmanthus (Osmanthus fragrans), the monoterpenes have been demonstrated as the most important volatile compounds, and the W-box, which is the cognate binding site of WRKY transcription factors, could be identified in most of the terpene-synthesis-related genes' promoters. However, the role of the WRKY family in terpene synthesis in sweet osmanthus has rarely been examined. In this study, 154 WRKY genes with conserved WRKY domain were identified and classified into three groups. The group II was further divided into five subgroups, and almost all members of IId contained a plant zinc cluster domain. Eight OfWRKYs (OfWRKY7/19/36/38/42/84/95/139) were screened from 20 OfWRKYs for their flower-specific expression patterns in different tissues. Simultaneously, the expression patterns of OfWRKYs and emission patterns of volatile compounds during the flowering process were determined and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry results showed that monoterpenes, such as linalool and ocimene, accounted for the highest proportion, contributing to the floral scent of sweet osmanthus in two cultivars. In addition, correlation analysis revealed the expression patterns of OfWRKYs (OfWRKY7/19/36/139) were each correlated with distinct monoterpenes (linalool, linalool derivatives, ocimene and ocimene derivatives). Subcellular localization analysis showed that p35S::GFP-OfWRKY7/38/95/139 were localized in the nucleus and OfWRKY139 had very strong transactivation activity. Collectively, the results indicated potential roles of OfWRKY139 and OfWRKYs with plant zinc cluster domain in regulating synthesis of aromatic compounds in sweet osmanthus, laying the foundation for use of OfWRKYs to improve the aroma of ornamental plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Ding
- Key Laboratory of Landscape Architecture, Jiangsu Province, College of Landscape Architecture, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, PR China
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, PR China
| | - Qixia Ouyang
- Key Laboratory of Landscape Architecture, Jiangsu Province, College of Landscape Architecture, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, PR China
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, PR China
| | - Yuli Li
- Key Laboratory of Landscape Architecture, Jiangsu Province, College of Landscape Architecture, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, PR China
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, PR China
| | - Tingting Shi
- Key Laboratory of Landscape Architecture, Jiangsu Province, College of Landscape Architecture, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, PR China
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, PR China
| | - Ling Li
- Key Laboratory of Landscape Architecture, Jiangsu Province, College of Landscape Architecture, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, PR China
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, PR China
| | - Xiulian Yang
- Key Laboratory of Landscape Architecture, Jiangsu Province, College of Landscape Architecture, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, PR China
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, PR China
| | - Kongshu Ji
- Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics & Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, 210037, PR China
| | - Lianggui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Landscape Architecture, Jiangsu Province, College of Landscape Architecture, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, PR China
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, PR China
| | - Yuanzheng Yue
- Key Laboratory of Landscape Architecture, Jiangsu Province, College of Landscape Architecture, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, PR China
| |
Collapse
|