1
|
Campbell JM, Gosnell M, Agha A, Handley S, Knab A, Anwer AG, Bhargava A, Goldys EM. Label-Free Assessment of Key Biological Autofluorophores: Material Characteristics and Opportunities for Clinical Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2403761. [PMID: 38775184 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202403761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Autofluorophores are endogenous fluorescent compounds that naturally occur in the intra and extracellular spaces of all tissues and organs. Most have vital biological functions - like the metabolic cofactors NAD(P)H and FAD+, as well as the structural protein collagen. Others are considered to be waste products - like lipofuscin and advanced glycation end products - which accumulate with age and are associated with cellular dysfunction. Due to their natural fluorescence, these materials have great utility for enabling non-invasive, label-free assays with direct ties to biological function. Numerous technologies, with different advantages and drawbacks, are applied to their assessment, including fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy, hyperspectral microscopy, and flow cytometry. Here, the applications of label-free autofluorophore assessment are reviewed for clinical and health-research applications, with specific attention to biomaterials, disease detection, surgical guidance, treatment monitoring, and tissue assessment - fields that greatly benefit from non-invasive methodologies capable of continuous, in vivo characterization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jared M Campbell
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2033, Australia
| | | | - Adnan Agha
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2033, Australia
| | - Shannon Handley
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2033, Australia
| | - Aline Knab
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2033, Australia
| | - Ayad G Anwer
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2033, Australia
| | - Akanksha Bhargava
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2033, Australia
| | - Ewa M Goldys
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2033, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ikegami R, Piao Z, Iglesias JF, Pilgrim T, Ha K, McCarthy JR, Castellanos MI, Kassab MB, Albagdadi MS, Mauskapf A, Spicer G, Kandzari DE, Edelman ER, Libby P, Heg D, Joner M, Tearney GJ, Jaffer FA. Ultrathin-strut versus thin-strut stent healing and outcomes in preclinical and clinical subjects. EUROINTERVENTION 2024; 20:e669-e680. [PMID: 38776143 PMCID: PMC11100507 DOI: 10.4244/eij-d-23-00563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Compared with thin-strut durable-polymer drug-eluting stents (DP-DES), ultrathin-strut biodegradable-polymer sirolimus-eluting stents (BP-SES) improve stent-related clinical outcomes in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Reduced stent strut thickness is hypothesised to underlie these benefits, but this conjecture remains unproven. AIMS We aimed to assess the impact of strut thickness on stent healing and clinical outcomes between ultrathin-strut and thin-strut BP-SES. METHODS First, we performed a preclinical study of 8 rabbits implanted with non-overlapping thin-strut (diameter/thickness 3.5 mm/80 μm) and ultrathin-strut (diameter/thickness 3.0 mm/60 μm) BP-SES in the infrarenal aorta. On day 7, the rabbits underwent intravascular near-infrared fluorescence optical coherence tomography (NIRF-OCT) molecular-structural imaging of fibrin deposition and stent tissue coverage, followed by histopathological analysis. Second, we conducted an individual data pooled analysis of patients enrolled in the BIOSCIENCE and BIOSTEMI randomised PCI trials treated with ultrathin-strut (n=282) or thin-strut (n=222) BP-SES. The primary endpoint was target lesion failure (TLF) at 1-year follow-up, with a landmark analysis at 30 days. RESULTS NIRF-OCT image analyses revealed that ultrathin-strut and thin-strut BP-SES exhibited similar stent fibrin deposition (p=0.49) and percentage of uncovered stent struts (p=0.63). Histopathological assessments corroÂborated these findings. In 504 pooled randomised trial patients, TLF rates were similar for those treated with ultrathin-strut or thin-strut BP-SES at 30-day (2.5% vs 1.8%; p=0.62) and 1-year follow-up (4.3% vs 4.7%; p=0.88). CONCLUSIONS Ultrathin-strut and thin-strut BP-SES demonstrate similar early arterial healing profiles and 30-day and 1-year clinical outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryutaro Ikegami
- Division of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Zhonglie Piao
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Juan F Iglesias
- Department of Cardiology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Khanh Ha
- Masonic Medical Research Institute, Utica, NY, USA
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jason R McCarthy
- Masonic Medical Research Institute, Utica, NY, USA
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Maria I Castellanos
- Klink Fur Herz- und Kreislauferkrankungen, Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technische Universitat München, München, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, München, Germany
| | - Mohamad B Kassab
- Division of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mazen S Albagdadi
- Division of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Adam Mauskapf
- Division of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Graham Spicer
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Elazer R Edelman
- Harvard-Massachusetts Institute of Technology Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Peter Libby
- Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dik Heg
- CTU Bern, Bern University, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Michael Joner
- Klink Fur Herz- und Kreislauferkrankungen, Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technische Universitat München, München, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, München, Germany
| | - Guillermo J Tearney
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard-Massachusetts Institute of Technology Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Farouc A Jaffer
- Division of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ma R, Hao L, Cheng J, He J, Yin Q, Li Z, Qi G, Zheng X, Wang D, Zhang T, Cong H, Li Z, Hu H, Wang Y. Hyaluronic acid-modified mesoporous silica nanoprobes for target identification of atherosclerosis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 702:149627. [PMID: 38340655 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.149627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Rupture of vulnerable plaque and secondary thrombosis caused by atherosclerosis are one of the main causes of acute cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events, and it is urgent to develop an in-situ, noninvasive, sensitive and targeted detection method at molecular level. We chose CD44, a specific receptor highly expressed on the surface of macrophages, as the target of the molecular probe, and modified the CD44 ligand HA onto the surface of Gd2O3@MSN, constructing the MRI imaging nanoprobe HA-Gd2O3@MSN for targeted recognition of atherosclerosis. The fundamental properties of HA-Gd2O3@MSN were initially investigated. The CCK-8, hemolysis, hematoxylin-eosin staining tests and blood biochemical assays confirmed that HA-Gd2O3@MSN possessed excellent biocompatibility. Laser confocal microscopy, cellular magnetic resonance imaging, flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry were used to verify that the nanoprobes had good targeting properties. The in vivo targeting performance of the nanoprobes was further validated by employing a rabbit atherosclerosis animal model. In summary, the synthesized HA-Gd2O3@MSN nanoprobes have excellent biocompatibility properties as well as good targeting properties. It could provide a new technical tool for early identification of atherosclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruifan Ma
- Department of Molecular Imagine, School of Medical Technology, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, 161006, China
| | - Liguo Hao
- Department of Molecular Imagine, School of Medical Technology, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, 161006, China
| | - Jianing Cheng
- Department of Molecular Imagine, School of Medical Technology, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, 161006, China
| | - Jun He
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medical Technology, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, 161006, China
| | - Qiangqiang Yin
- Department of Molecular Imagine, School of Medical Technology, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, 161006, China
| | - Zhongtao Li
- Department of Molecular Imagine, School of Medical Technology, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, 161006, China
| | - Guiqiang Qi
- Department of Molecular Imagine, School of Medical Technology, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, 161006, China
| | - Xiaoyang Zheng
- Department of Image Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, 161006, China
| | - Dongxu Wang
- Department of Image Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, 161006, China
| | - Tianyu Zhang
- Department of Image Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, 161006, China
| | - Houyi Cong
- Department of Image Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, 161006, China
| | - Zheng Li
- Department of Image Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, 161006, China
| | - Haifeng Hu
- Department of Image Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, 161006, China
| | - Yuguang Wang
- Department of Image Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, 161006, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wang G, Li L, Liao X, Wang S, Mitchell J, Rabel C, Luo S, Shi J, Sorrells JE, Iyer RR, Aksamitiene E, Renteria CA, Chaney EJ, Milner DJ, Wheeler MB, Gillette MU, Schwing A, Chen J, Tu H. Supercontinuum intrinsic fluorescence imaging heralds free view of living systems. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.26.577383. [PMID: 38328159 PMCID: PMC10849662 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.26.577383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Optimal imaging strategies remain underdeveloped to maximize information for fluorescence microscopy while minimizing the harm to fragile living systems. Taking hint from the supercontinuum generation in ultrafast laser physics, we generated supercontinuum fluorescence from untreated unlabeled live samples before nonlinear photodamage onset. Our imaging achieved high-content cell phenotyping and tissue histology, identified bovine embryo polarization, quantified aging-related stress across cell types and species, demystified embryogenesis before and after implantation, sensed drug cytotoxicity in real-time, scanned brain area for targeted patching, optimized machine learning to track small moving organisms, induced two-photon phototropism of leaf chloroplasts under two-photon photosynthesis, unraveled microscopic origin of autumn colors, and interrogated intestinal microbiome. The results enable a facility-type microscope to freely explore vital molecular biology across life sciences.
Collapse
|
5
|
Liu H, Jiang H, Liu X, Wang X. Physicochemical understanding of biomineralization by molecular vibrational spectroscopy: From mechanism to nature. EXPLORATION (BEIJING, CHINA) 2023; 3:20230033. [PMID: 38264681 PMCID: PMC10742219 DOI: 10.1002/exp.20230033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
The process and mechanism of biomineralization and relevant physicochemical properties of mineral crystals are remarkably sophisticated multidisciplinary fields that include biology, chemistry, physics, and materials science. The components of the organic matter, structural construction of minerals, and related mechanical interaction, etc., could help to reveal the unique nature of the special mineralization process. Herein, the paper provides an overview of the biomineralization process from the perspective of molecular vibrational spectroscopy, including the physicochemical properties of biomineralized tissues, from physiological to applied mineralization. These physicochemical characteristics closely to the hierarchical mineralization process include biological crystal defects, chemical bonding, atomic doping, structural changes, and content changes in organic matter, along with the interface between biocrystals and organic matter as well as the specific mechanical effects for hardness and toughness. Based on those observations, the special physiological properties of mineralization for enamel and bone, as well as the possible mechanism of pathological mineralization and calcification such as atherosclerosis, tumor micro mineralization, and urolithiasis are also reviewed and discussed. Indeed, the clearly defined physicochemical properties of mineral crystals could pave the way for studies on the mechanisms and applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical EngineeringSchool of Biological Science and Medical EngineeringSoutheast UniversityNanjingJiangsuChina
| | - Hui Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical EngineeringSchool of Biological Science and Medical EngineeringSoutheast UniversityNanjingJiangsuChina
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical EngineeringSchool of Biological Science and Medical EngineeringSoutheast UniversityNanjingJiangsuChina
| | - Xuemei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical EngineeringSchool of Biological Science and Medical EngineeringSoutheast UniversityNanjingJiangsuChina
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Cheng J, Huang H, Chen Y, Wu R. Nanomedicine for Diagnosis and Treatment of Atherosclerosis. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2304294. [PMID: 37897322 PMCID: PMC10754137 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202304294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
With the changing disease spectrum, atherosclerosis has become increasingly prevalent worldwide and the associated diseases have emerged as the leading cause of death. Due to their fascinating physical, chemical, and biological characteristics, nanomaterials are regarded as a promising tool to tackle enormous challenges in medicine. The emerging discipline of nanomedicine has filled a huge application gap in the atherosclerotic field, ushering a new generation of diagnosis and treatment strategies. Herein, based on the essential pathogenic contributors of atherogenesis, as well as the distinct composition/structural characteristics, synthesis strategies, and surface design of nanoplatforms, the three major application branches (nanodiagnosis, nanotherapy, and nanotheranostic) of nanomedicine in atherosclerosis are elaborated. Then, state-of-art studies containing a sequence of representative and significant achievements are summarized in detail with an emphasis on the intrinsic interaction/relationship between nanomedicines and atherosclerosis. Particularly, attention is paid to the biosafety of nanomedicines, which aims to pave the way for future clinical translation of this burgeoning field. Finally, this comprehensive review is concluded by proposing unresolved key scientific issues and sharing the vision and expectation for the future, fully elucidating the closed loop from atherogenesis to the application paradigm of nanomedicines for advancing the early achievement of clinical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingyun Cheng
- Department of UltrasoundShanghai General HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai200080P. R. China
| | - Hui Huang
- Materdicine LabSchool of Life SciencesShanghai UniversityShanghai200444P. R. China
| | - Yu Chen
- Materdicine LabSchool of Life SciencesShanghai UniversityShanghai200444P. R. China
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health)Wenzhou Institute of Shanghai UniversityWenzhouZhejiang325088P. R. China
| | - Rong Wu
- Department of UltrasoundShanghai General HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai200080P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Schneider MK, Wang J, Kare A, Adkar SS, Salmi D, Bell CF, Alsaigh T, Wagh D, Coller J, Mayer A, Snyder SJ, Borowsky AD, Long SR, Lansberg MG, Steinberg GK, Heit JJ, Leeper NJ, Ferrara KW. Combined near infrared photoacoustic imaging and ultrasound detects vulnerable atherosclerotic plaque. Biomaterials 2023; 302:122314. [PMID: 37776766 PMCID: PMC10872807 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2023.122314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory process resulting in the deposition of cholesterol and cellular debris, narrowing of the vessel lumen and clot formation. Characterization of the morphology and vulnerability of the lesion is essential for effective clinical management. Here, near-infrared auto-photoacoustic (NIRAPA) imaging is shown to detect plaque components and, when combined with ultrasound imaging, to differentiate stable and vulnerable plaque. In an ex vivo study of photoacoustic imaging of excised plaque from 25 patients, 88.2% sensitivity and 71.4% specificity were achieved using a clinically-relevant protocol. In order to determine the origin of the NIRAPA signal, immunohistochemistry, spatial transcriptomics and spatial proteomics were co-registered with imaging and applied to adjacent plaque sections. The highest NIRAPA signal was spatially correlated with bilirubin and associated blood-based residue and with the cytoplasmic contents of inflammatory macrophages bearing CD74, HLA-DR, CD14 and CD163 markers. In summary, we establish the potential to apply the NIRAPA-ultrasound imaging combination to detect vulnerable carotid plaque and a methodology for fusing molecular imaging with spatial transcriptomic and proteomic methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Karl Schneider
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford and Bio-X Program, Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - James Wang
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford and Bio-X Program, Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Aris Kare
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford and Bio-X Program, Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Shaunak S Adkar
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Darren Salmi
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Caitlin F Bell
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Tom Alsaigh
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Dhananjay Wagh
- Sequencing Group Stanford Genomics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - John Coller
- Sequencing Group Stanford Genomics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | | | - Sarah J Snyder
- Department of Radiology and Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Alexander D Borowsky
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UC Davis School of Medicine, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Steven R Long
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
| | - Maarten G Lansberg
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Gary K Steinberg
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jeremy J Heit
- Department of Radiology and Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Nicholas J Leeper
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Katherine W Ferrara
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford and Bio-X Program, Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Jaafar A, Albarazanchi A, Kadhim MJ, Darvin ME, Váczi T, Tuchin VV, Veres M. Impact of e-cigarette liquid on porcine lung tissue-Ex vivo confocal Raman micro-spectroscopy study. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2023:e202300336. [PMID: 37851480 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202300336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
Ex vivo porcine lung immersed in e-liquid was investigated in-depth using confocal Raman micro-spectroscopy to assess the e-liquid influence on the lung. It was found that lung-related Raman band intensities at 1002, 1548, 1618 and 1655 cm-1 increased after first and second treatments except the surface, which was attributed to the well-known optical clearing (OC) effect due to alveoli filling with e-liquid resulting in light scattering reduction. The autofluorescence enhancement was explained by oxidative stress induced in lung during exposure to e-liquid. Moreover, e-liquid induced collagen dehydration was revealed by the I937 /I926 Raman band intensity ratio change. The effect was enhanced after the second treatment of the same lung tissue that indicates the possibility of multi-step OC treatment. We hypothesize that the nicotine-flavour-free e-liquids containing glycerol and propylene glycol could potentially be used in clinical protocols as OC agent for enhanced in-depth Raman-guided bronchoscopy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Jaafar
- Institute for Solid State Physics and Optics, Wigner Research Center for Physics, Budapest, Hungary
- Institute of Physics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
- Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Abbas Albarazanchi
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | | | | | - Tamás Váczi
- Institute for Solid State Physics and Optics, Wigner Research Center for Physics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Valery V Tuchin
- Institute of Physics and Science Medical Center, Saratov State University, Saratov, Russia
- Laboratory of Laser Diagnostics of Technical and Living Systems, Institute of Precision Mechanics and Control, FRC "Saratov Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences", Saratov, Russia
| | - Miklós Veres
- Institute for Solid State Physics and Optics, Wigner Research Center for Physics, Budapest, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ma Y, Sun W, Ye Z, Liu L, Li M, Shang J, Xu X, Cao H, Xu L, Liu Y, Kong X, Song G, Zhang XB. Oxidative stress biomarker triggered multiplexed tool for auxiliary diagnosis of atherosclerosis. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadh1037. [PMID: 37831761 PMCID: PMC10575586 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adh1037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is integral in the development of atherosclerosis, but knowledge of how oxidative stress affects atherosclerosis remains insufficient. Here, we design a multiplexed diagnostic tool that includes two functions (photoacoustic imaging and urinalysis), for assessing intraplaque and urinary malondialdehyde (MDA), a well-recognized end-product of oxidative stress. Molecular design is conducted to develop the first near-infrared MDA-responsive molecule (MRM). Acid-unlocked ratiometric photoacoustic nanoprobe is designed to report intraplaque MDA, enabling it to reflect plaque burden. Furthermore, MRM is tailored for urinary MDA detection with excellent specificity in a blind study. Moreover, we found a significant difference in urinary MDA between healthy adults and atherosclerotic patients (more than 600 participants). Combining these two functions, such a multiplexed diagnostic tool can dynamically report intraplaque and systemic oxidative stress levels during atherosclerosis progression, pneumonia infection, and drug treatment in atherosclerotic mice, which is promising for the auxiliary diagnosis of atherosclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Zhifei Ye
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Liuhui Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Menghuan Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Jinhui Shang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Xinyu Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Hui Cao
- State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Li Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Yongchao Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Xiangqing Kong
- The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou 215002, China
| | - Guosheng Song
- State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Xiao-Bing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Sakamoto A, Suwa K, Kawakami R, Finn AV, Maekawa Y, Virmani R, Finn AV. Significance of Intra-plaque Hemorrhage for the Development of High-Risk Vulnerable Plaque: Current Understanding from Basic to Clinical Points of View. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13298. [PMID: 37686106 PMCID: PMC10487895 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute coronary syndromes due to atherosclerotic coronary artery disease are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Intra-plaque hemorrhage (IPH), caused by disruption of intra-plaque leaky microvessels, is one of the major contributors of plaque progression, causing a sudden increase in plaque volume and eventually plaque destabilization. IPH and its healing processes are highly complex biological events that involve interactions between multiple types of cells in the plaque, including erythrocyte, macrophages, vascular endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells. Recent investigations have unveiled detailed molecular mechanisms by which IPH leads the development of high-risk "vulnerable" plaque. Current advances in clinical diagnostic imaging modalities, such as magnetic resonance image and intra-coronary optical coherence tomography, increasingly allow us to identify IPH in vivo. To date, retrospective and prospective clinical trials have revealed the significance of IPH as detected by various imaging modalities as a reliable prognostic indicator of high-risk plaque. In this review article, we discuss recent advances in our understanding for the significance of IPH on the development of high-risk plaque from basic to clinical points of view.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Sakamoto
- CVPath Institute, Inc., Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA; (A.S.); (R.K.); (A.V.F.); (R.V.)
- Division of Cardiology, Internal Medicine III, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu 431-3125, Japan; (K.S.); (Y.M.)
| | - Kenichiro Suwa
- Division of Cardiology, Internal Medicine III, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu 431-3125, Japan; (K.S.); (Y.M.)
| | - Rika Kawakami
- CVPath Institute, Inc., Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA; (A.S.); (R.K.); (A.V.F.); (R.V.)
| | - Alexandra V. Finn
- CVPath Institute, Inc., Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA; (A.S.); (R.K.); (A.V.F.); (R.V.)
| | - Yuichiro Maekawa
- Division of Cardiology, Internal Medicine III, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu 431-3125, Japan; (K.S.); (Y.M.)
| | - Renu Virmani
- CVPath Institute, Inc., Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA; (A.S.); (R.K.); (A.V.F.); (R.V.)
| | - Aloke V. Finn
- CVPath Institute, Inc., Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA; (A.S.); (R.K.); (A.V.F.); (R.V.)
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ma Y, Shang J, Liu L, Li M, Xu X, Cao H, Xu L, Sun W, Song G, Zhang XB. Rational Design of a Double-Locked Photoacoustic Probe for Precise In Vivo Imaging of Cathepsin B in Atherosclerotic Plaques. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:17881-17891. [PMID: 37531186 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c04981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerotic plaque rupture is a significant cause of acute cardiovascular events such as heart attack and stroke, triggered by the decomposition of fiber caps induced by cysteine cathepsin. However, the accurate measurement of cathepsin B (CTB) activity in plaques is challenging due to the low specificity and insufficient penetration depth of available atherosclerosis-associated cathepsin fluorescent probes, hampering reliable assessment of plaque vulnerability. To address these limitations, we added both lipophilic alkyl chain and hydrophilic CTB substrate to the hemicyanine scaffold to develop a lipid-unlocked CTB responsive probe (L-CRP) that uses lipids and CTB as two keys to unlock photoacoustic (PA) signals for measuring CTB activity in lipophilic environments. Such properties allow L-CRP for the reliable imaging of specific CTB activities in foam cells and atherosclerotic plaques while keeping in silence toward CTB in lipid-deficient environments, such as M1-type macrophages and LPS-induced inflammatory lesions. Moreover, the activatable PA signals of L-CRP exhibit a deeper tissue penetration ability (>1.0 cm) than current CTB probes based on near-infrared fluorescent imaging (∼0.3 cm), suitable for atherosclerosis imaging in living mice. In atherosclerotic mice, L-CRP dynamically reports intraplaque CTB levels, which is well-correlated with the plaque vulnerability characteristics such as fiber cap thickness, macrophage recruitment, and necrotic core size, thus enabling risk stratification of atherosclerotic mice complicated with pneumonia. Moreover, L-CRP successfully identifies atherosclerotic plaques in excised human artery tissues, promising for auxiliary diagnosis of plaque vulnerability in clinical application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Jinhui Shang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Liuhui Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Menghuan Li
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Xinyu Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Hui Cao
- State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Li Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Guosheng Song
- State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Xiao-Bing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Gramer R, Shlobin NA, Yang Z, Niedzwiecki D, Haglund MM, Fuller AT. Clinical Utility of Near-Infrared Device in Detecting Traumatic Intracranial Hemorrhage: A Pilot Study Toward Application as an Emergent Diagnostic Modality in a Low-Resource Setting. J Neurotrauma 2023; 40:1596-1602. [PMID: 35856820 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2021.0342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Limited computed tomography (CT) availability in low- and middle-income countries frequently impedes life-saving neurosurgical decompression for traumatic brain injury. A reliable, accessible, cost-effective solution is necessary to detect and localize bleeds. We report the largest study to date using a near-infrared device (NIRD) to detect traumatic intracranial bleeds. Patients with confirmed or suspected head trauma who received a head CT scan were included. Within 30 min of the initial head CT scan, a blinded examiner scanned each patient's cranium with a NIRD, interrogating bilaterally the frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital quadrants Sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and precision were investigated. We recruited 500 consecutive patients; 104 patients had intracranial bleeding. For all patients with CT-proven bleeds, irrespective of size, initial NIRD scans localized the bleed to the appropriate quadrant with a sensitivity of 86% and specificity of 96% compared with CT. For extra-axial bleeds >3.5mL, sensitivity and specificity were 94% and 96%, respectively. For longitudinal serial rescans with the NIRD, sensitivity was 89% (< 4 days from injury: sensitivity: 99%), and specificity was 96%. For all patients who required craniectomy or craniotomy, the device demonstrated 100% sensitivity. NIRD is highly sensitive, specific, and reproducible over time in diagnosing intracranial bleeds. NIRD may inform neurosurgical decision making in settings where CT scanning is unavailable or impractical.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Gramer
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Duke Global Neurosurgery and Neurology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Nathan A Shlobin
- Duke Global Neurosurgery and Neurology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Zidanyue Yang
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Donna Niedzwiecki
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Michael M Haglund
- Duke Global Neurosurgery and Neurology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Anthony T Fuller
- Duke Global Neurosurgery and Neurology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Chen W, Nadel J, Tumanov S, Stocker R. Near-Infrared Autofluorescence (NIRAF) in Atherosclerotic Plaque Dissociates from Intraplaque Hemorrhage and Bilirubin. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10727. [PMID: 37445903 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Near-infrared autofluorescence (NIRAF) in unstable atherosclerotic plaque has been suggested as a novel imaging technology for high-risk atherosclerosis. Intraplaque hemorrhage (IPH) and bilirubin, derived from the subsequent degradation of heme, have been proposed as the source of NIRAF, although their roles and the underlying mechanism responsible for NIRAF remain unclear. To test the proposed role of bilirubin as the source of NIRAF in high-risk atherosclerosis, Biliverdin reductase a gene and apolipoprotein E gene double-knockout (Bvra-/-Apoe-/-) mice were subjected to the Western diet and tandem stenosis (TS) surgery, as a model of both bilirubin deficiency and plaque instability. Human coronary arteries containing atherosclerotic plaques were obtained from heart transplant recipients. The NIRAF was determined by in vivo fluorescence emission computed tomography, and ex vivo infrared imaging. The cholesterol content was quantified by HPLC with UV detection. In Bvra+/+Apoe-/- TS mice, the NIRAF intensity was significantly higher in unstable plaque than in stable plaque, yet the NIRAF in unstable plaque was undistinguishable in Bvra+/+Apoe-/- and littermate Bvra-/-Apoe-/- TS mice. Moreover, the unstable plaque in TS mice exhibited a lower NIRAF compared with highly cellular plaque that lacked most of the features of unstable plaque. In human coronary arteries, the NIRAF associated with cholesterol-rich, calcified lesions, rather than just cholesterol-rich lesions. The NIRAF in atherosclerotic plaque can be dissociated from IPH and bilirubin, such that the compositional meaning of an elevated NIRAF remains obscure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weiyu Chen
- Heart Research Institute, Sydney, NSW 2042, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - James Nadel
- Heart Research Institute, Sydney, NSW 2042, Australia
- St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Sergey Tumanov
- Heart Research Institute, Sydney, NSW 2042, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Roland Stocker
- Heart Research Institute, Sydney, NSW 2042, Australia
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Schneider MK, Wang J, Kare A, Adkar SS, Salmi D, Bell CF, Alsaigh T, Wagh D, Coller J, Mayer A, Snyder SJ, Borowsky AD, Long SR, Lansberg MG, Steinberg GK, Heit JJ, Leeper NJ, Ferrara KW. Combined near infrared photoacoustic imaging and ultrasound detects vulnerable atherosclerotic plaque. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.06.11.23291099. [PMID: 37398016 PMCID: PMC10312879 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.11.23291099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory process resulting in the deposition of cholesterol and cellular debris, narrowing of the vessel lumen and clot formation. Characterization of the morphology and vulnerability of the lesion is essential for effective clinical management. Photoacoustic imaging has sufficient penetration and sensitivity to map and characterize human atherosclerotic plaque. Here, near infrared photoacoustic imaging is shown to detect plaque components and, when combined with ultrasound imaging, to differentiate stable and vulnerable plaque. In an ex vivo study of photoacoustic imaging of excised plaque from 25 patients, 88.2% sensitivity and 71.4% specificity were achieved using a clinically-relevant protocol. In order to determine the origin of the near-infrared auto-photoacoustic (NIRAPA) signal, immunohistochemistry, spatial transcriptomics and proteomics were applied to adjacent sections of the plaque. The highest NIRAPA signal was spatially correlated with bilirubin and associated blood-based residue and inflammatory macrophages bearing CD74, HLA-DR, CD14 and CD163 markers. In summary, we establish the potential to apply the NIRAPA-ultrasound imaging combination to detect vulnerable carotid plaque.
Collapse
|
15
|
Yuan Y, Li X, Bao X, Huangfu M, Zhang H. The magic mirror: a novel intraoperative monitoring method for parathyroid glands. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1160902. [PMID: 37284221 PMCID: PMC10239973 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1160902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The accurate detection of parathyroid glands (PGs) during surgery is of great significance in thyroidectomy and parathyroidectomy, which protects the function of normal PGs to prevent postoperative hypoparathyroidism and the thorough removal of parathyroid lesions. Existing conventional imaging techniques have certain limitations in the real-time exploration of PGs. In recent years, a new, real-time, and non-invasive imaging system known as the near-infrared autofluorescence (NIRAF) imaging system has been developed to detect PGs. Several studies have confirmed that this system has a high parathyroid recognition rate and can reduce the occurrence of transient hypoparathyroidism after surgery. The NIRAF imaging system, like a magic mirror, can monitor the PGs during surgery in real time, thus providing great support for surgeries. In addition, the NIRAF imaging system can evaluate the blood supply of PGs by utilizing indocyanine green (ICG) to guide surgical strategies. The NIRAF imaging system and ICG complement each other to protect normal parathyroid function and reduce postoperative complications. This article reviews the effectiveness of the NIRAF imaging system in thyroidectomies and parathyroidectomies and briefly discusses some existing problems and prospects for the future.
Collapse
|
16
|
Corden C, Boitor R, Dusanjh PK, Harwood A, Mukherjee A, Gomez D, Notingher I. Autofluorescence-Raman Spectroscopy for Ex Vivo Mapping Colorectal Liver Metastases and Liver Tissue. J Surg Res 2023; 288:10-20. [PMID: 36940563 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2023.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Identifying colorectal liver metastases (CRLM) during liver resection could assist in achieving clear surgical margins, which is an important prognostic variable for both disease-free and overall survival. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of auto-fluorescence (AF) and Raman spectroscopy for ex vivo label-free discrimination of CRLMs from normal liver tissue. Secondary aims include exploring options for multimodal AF-Raman integration with respect to diagnosis accuracy and imaging speed on human liver tissue and CRLM. METHODS Liver samples were obtained from patients undergoing liver surgery for CRLM who provided informed consent (15 patients were recruited). AF and Raman spectroscopy was performed on CRLM and normal liver tissue samples and then compared to histology. RESULTS AF emission spectra demonstrated that the 671 nm and 775/785 nm excitation wavelengths provided the highest contrast, as normal liver tissue elicited on average around eight-fold higher AF intensity compared to CRLM. The use of the 785 nm wavelength had the advantage of enabling Raman spectroscopy measurements from CRLM regions, allowing discrimination of CRLM from regions of normal liver tissue eliciting unusual low AF intensity, preventing misclassification. Proof-of-concept experiments using small pieces of CRLM samples covered by large normal liver tissue demonstrated the feasibility of a dual-modality AF-Raman for detection of positive margins within few minutes. CONCLUSIONS AF imaging and Raman spectroscopy can discriminate CRLM from normal liver tissue in an ex vivo setting. These results suggest the potential for developing integrated multimodal AF-Raman imaging techniques for intraoperative assessment of surgical margins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Corden
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Radu Boitor
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Palminder Kaur Dusanjh
- Histopathology Department, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK
| | - Andrew Harwood
- Histopathology Department, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK
| | - Abhik Mukherjee
- Histopathology Department, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK; School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Dhanwant Gomez
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK
| | - Ioan Notingher
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Chen YC, Smith M, Ying YL, Makridakis M, Noonan J, Kanellakis P, Rai A, Salim A, Murphy A, Bobik A, Vlahou A, Greening DW, Peter K. Quantitative proteomic landscape of unstable atherosclerosis identifies molecular signatures and therapeutic targets for plaque stabilization. Commun Biol 2023; 6:265. [PMID: 36914713 PMCID: PMC10011552 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-04641-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerotic plaque rupture leading to myocardial infarction is a major global health burden. Applying the tandem stenosis (TS) mouse model, which distinctively exhibits the characteristics of human plaque instability/rupture, we use quantitative proteomics to understand and directly compare unstable and stable atherosclerosis. Our data highlight the disparate natures and define unique protein signatures of unstable and stable atherosclerosis. Key proteins and pathway networks are identified such as the innate immune system, and neutrophil degranulation. The latter includes calprotectin S100A8/A9, which we validate in mouse and human unstable plaques, and we demonstrate the plaque-stabilizing effects of its inhibition. Overall, we provide critical insights into the unique proteomic landscape of unstable atherosclerosis (as distinct from stable atherosclerosis and vascular tissue). We further establish the TS model as a reliable preclinical tool for the discovery and testing of plaque-stabilizing drugs. Finally, we provide a knowledge resource defining unstable atherosclerosis that will facilitate the identification and validation of long-sought-after therapeutic targets and drugs for plaque stabilization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Chih Chen
- Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology Program, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Meaghan Smith
- Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology Program, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ya-Lan Ying
- Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology Program, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Manousos Makridakis
- Proteomics Research Unit, Biotechnology Division, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Jonathan Noonan
- Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology Program, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Peter Kanellakis
- Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology Program, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Alin Rai
- Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Molecular Proteomics Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, Translation and Implementation, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Agus Salim
- Department of Bioinformatics, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew Murphy
- Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Haematopoiseis and Leukocyte Biology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Alex Bobik
- Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology Program, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Immunology, Monash University, Centre for Inflammatory Disease, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Antonia Vlahou
- Proteomics Research Unit, Biotechnology Division, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - David W Greening
- Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
- Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
- Molecular Proteomics Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, Translation and Implementation, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Karlheinz Peter
- Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology Program, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
- Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
- Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, Translation and Implementation, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Tong W, Zhang Y, Hui H, Feng X, Ning B, Yu T, Wang W, Shang Y, Zhang G, Zhang S, Tian F, He W, Chen Y, Tian J. Sensitive magnetic particle imaging of haemoglobin degradation for the detection and monitoring of intraplaque haemorrhage in atherosclerosis. EBioMedicine 2023; 90:104509. [PMID: 36905783 PMCID: PMC10023936 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intraplaque haemorrhage (IPH) drives atherosclerosis progression and is a key imaging biomarker of unstable plaques. Non-invasive and sensitive monitoring of IPH is challenging due to the compositional complexity and dynamic nature of atherosclerotic plaques. Magnetic particle imaging (MPI) is a highly sensitive, radiation-free, and no-tissue-background tomographic technique that detects superparamagnetic nanoparticles. Thus, we aimed to investigate whether MPI can in vivo detect and monitor IPH. METHODS Thirty human carotid endarterectomy samples were collected and scanned with MPI. The tandem stenosis (TS) model was employed to establish unstable plaques with IPH in ApoE-/- mice. MPI and 7 T T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were performed on TS ApoE-/- mice. Plaque specimens were analyzed histologically. FINDINGS Human carotid endarterectomy samples exhibited endogenous MPI signals, which histologically colocalized with IPH. In vitro experiments identified haemosiderin, a haemoglobin degradation product, as a potential source of MPI signals. Longitudinal MPI of TS ApoE-/- mice detected IPH at unstable plaques, of which MPI signal-to-noise ratio values increased from 6.43 ± 1.74 (four weeks) to 10.55 ± 2.30 (seven weeks) and reduced to 7.23 ± 1.44 (eleven weeks). In contrast, 7 T T1-weighted MRI did not detect the small-size IPH (329.91 ± 226.82 μm2) at four weeks post-TS. The time-course changes in IPH were shown to correlate with neovessel permeability providing a possible mechanism for signal changes over time. INTERPRETATION MPI is a highly sensitive imaging technology that allows the identification of atherosclerotic plaques with IPH and may help detect and monitor unstable plaques in patients. FUNDING This work was supported in part by the Beijing Natural Science Foundation under Grant JQ22023; the National Key Research and Development Program of China under Grant 2017YFA0700401; the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 62027901, 81827808, 81730050, 81870178, 81800221, 81527805, and 81671851; the CAS Youth Innovation Promotion Association under Grant Y2022055 and CAS Key Technology Talent Program; and the Project of High-Level Talents Team Introduction in Zhuhai City (Zhuhai HLHPTP201703).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Tong
- Senior Department of Cardiology, The Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100048, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yingqian Zhang
- Senior Department of Cardiology, The Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Hui Hui
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Beijing, 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100080, China
| | - Xin Feng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Beijing, 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100080, China
| | - Bin Ning
- Department of Ultrasound, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Tengfei Yu
- Department of Ultrasound, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Senior Department of Cardiology, The Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Yaxin Shang
- School of Computer and Information Technology, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Guanghao Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Suhui Zhang
- Senior Department of Cardiology, The Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Feng Tian
- Senior Department of Cardiology, The Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Wen He
- Department of Ultrasound, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China.
| | - Yundai Chen
- Senior Department of Cardiology, The Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100048, China.
| | - Jie Tian
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Beijing, 100190, China; Key Laboratory of Big Data-Based Precision Medicine (Beihang University), Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of China, Beijing, 100191, China; Zhuhai Precision Medical Center, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Affiliated with Jinan University, Zhuhai, 519000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Macrophage Phenotyping in Atherosclerosis by Proteomics. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032613. [PMID: 36768933 PMCID: PMC9917096 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are heterogeneous and plastic cells, able to adapt their phenotype and functions to changes in the microenvironment. They are involved in several homeostatic processes and also in many human diseases, including atherosclerosis, where they participate in all the stages of the disease. For these reasons, macrophages have been studied extensively using different approaches, including proteomics. Proteomics, indeed, may be a powerful tool to better understand the behavior of these cells, and a careful analysis of the proteome of different macrophage phenotypes can help to better characterize the role of these phenotypes in atherosclerosis and provide a broad view of proteins that might potentially affect the course of the disease. In this review, we discuss the different proteomic techniques that have been used to delineate the proteomic profile of macrophage phenotypes and summarize some results that can help to elucidate the roles of macrophages and develop new strategies to counteract the progression of atherosclerosis and/or promote regression.
Collapse
|
20
|
Seguchi M, Aytekin A, Lenz T, Nicol P, Klosterman GR, Beele A, Sabic E, Utsch L, Alyaqoob A, Gorpas D, Ntziachristos V, Jaffer FA, Rauschendorfer P, Joner M. Intravascular molecular imaging: translating pathophysiology of atherosclerosis into human disease conditions. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2022; 24:e1-e16. [PMID: 36002376 DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jeac163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Progression of atherosclerotic plaque in coronary arteries is characterized by complex cellular and non-cellular molecular interactions. Within recent years, atherosclerosis has been recognized as inflammation-driven disease condition, where progressive stages are characterized by morphological changes in plaque composition but also relevant molecular processes resulting in increased plaque vulnerability. While existing intravascular imaging modalities are able to resolve key morphological features during plaque progression, they lack capability to characterize the molecular profile of advanced atherosclerotic plaque. Because hybrid imaging modalities may provide incremental information related to plaque biology, they are expected to provide synergistic effects in detecting high risk patients and lesions. The aim of this article is to review existing literature on intravascular molecular imaging approaches, and to provide clinically oriented proposals of their application. In addition, we assembled an overview of future developments in this field geared towards detection of patients at risk for cardiovascular events.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masaru Seguchi
- Klinik für Herz- und Kreislauferkrankungen, Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technical University Munich, Munich 80636, Germany
| | - Alp Aytekin
- Klinik für Herz- und Kreislauferkrankungen, Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technical University Munich, Munich 80636, Germany
| | - Tobias Lenz
- Klinik für Herz- und Kreislauferkrankungen, Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technical University Munich, Munich 80636, Germany
| | - Philipp Nicol
- Klinik für Herz- und Kreislauferkrankungen, Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technical University Munich, Munich 80636, Germany
| | - Grace R Klosterman
- Klinik für Herz- und Kreislauferkrankungen, Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technical University Munich, Munich 80636, Germany
| | - Alicia Beele
- Klinik für Herz- und Kreislauferkrankungen, Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technical University Munich, Munich 80636, Germany
| | - Emina Sabic
- Klinik für Herz- und Kreislauferkrankungen, Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technical University Munich, Munich 80636, Germany
| | - Léa Utsch
- Klinik für Herz- und Kreislauferkrankungen, Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technical University Munich, Munich 80636, Germany
| | - Aseel Alyaqoob
- Klinik für Herz- und Kreislauferkrankungen, Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technical University Munich, Munich 80636, Germany
| | - Dimitris Gorpas
- Chair of Biological Imaging and TranslaTUM, Technical University of Munich, Munich 80333, Germany.,Institute of Biological and Medical Imaging, Helmholtz Zentrum München GmbH, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
| | - Vasilis Ntziachristos
- Chair of Biological Imaging and TranslaTUM, Technical University of Munich, Munich 80333, Germany.,Institute of Biological and Medical Imaging, Helmholtz Zentrum München GmbH, Neuherberg 85764, Germany.,Deutsches Zentrum für Herz- und Kreislauf-Forschung (DZHK) e.V. (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich 80336, Germany
| | - Farouc A Jaffer
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Philipp Rauschendorfer
- Chair of Biological Imaging and TranslaTUM, Technical University of Munich, Munich 80333, Germany.,Institute of Biological and Medical Imaging, Helmholtz Zentrum München GmbH, Neuherberg 85764, Germany.,Deutsches Zentrum für Herz- und Kreislauf-Forschung (DZHK) e.V. (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich 80336, Germany
| | - Michael Joner
- Klinik für Herz- und Kreislauferkrankungen, Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technical University Munich, Munich 80636, Germany.,Deutsches Zentrum für Herz- und Kreislauf-Forschung (DZHK) e.V. (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich 80336, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Chiorescu RM, Mocan M, Inceu AI, Buda AP, Blendea D, Vlaicu SI. Vulnerable Atherosclerotic Plaque: Is There a Molecular Signature? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:13638. [PMID: 36362423 PMCID: PMC9656166 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis and its clinical manifestations, coronary and cerebral artery diseases, are the most common cause of death worldwide. The main pathophysiological mechanism for these complications is the rupture of vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques and subsequent thrombosis. Pathological studies of the vulnerable lesions showed that more frequently, plaques rich in lipids and with a high level of inflammation, responsible for mild or moderate stenosis, are more prone to rupture, leading to acute events. Identifying the vulnerable plaques helps to stratify patients at risk of developing acute vascular events. Traditional imaging methods based on plaque appearance and size are not reliable in prediction the risk of rupture. Intravascular imaging is a novel technique able to identify vulnerable lesions, but it is invasive and an operator-dependent technique. This review aims to summarize the current data from literature regarding the main biomarkers involved in the attempt to diagnose vulnerable atherosclerotic lesions. These biomarkers could be the base for risk stratification and development of the new therapeutic drugs in the treatment of patients with vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roxana Mihaela Chiorescu
- Internal Medicine Department, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Internal Medicine, Emergency Clinical County Hospital, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Mihaela Mocan
- Internal Medicine Department, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Internal Medicine, Emergency Clinical County Hospital, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Andreea Ioana Inceu
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Cardiology, Nicolae Stăncioiu Heart Institute, 400001 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Andreea Paula Buda
- Department of Cardiology, Nicolae Stăncioiu Heart Institute, 400001 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Dan Blendea
- Department of Cardiology, Nicolae Stăncioiu Heart Institute, 400001 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Cardiology, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400437 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Sonia Irina Vlaicu
- Internal Medicine Department, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Internal Medicine, Emergency Clinical County Hospital, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Timofeeva E, Orlovskaya E, Popov A, Shaidulin A, Kuznetsov S, Alexandrov A, Uvarov O, Vainer Y, Silaev G, Rähn M, Tamm A, Fedorenko S, Orlovskii Y. The Influence of Medium on Fluorescence Quenching of Colloidal Solutions of the Nd 3+: LaF 3 Nanoparticles Prepared with HTMW Treatment. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:3749. [PMID: 36364525 PMCID: PMC9655414 DOI: 10.3390/nano12213749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
An original method was proposed to reduce the quenching of the NIR fluorescence of colloidal solutions of 0.1 at. % Nd3+: LaF3 nanoparticles (NPs) synthesized by aqueous co-precipitation method followed by hydrothermal microwave treatment. For this, an aqueous colloidal solution of NPs was precipitated by centrifugation and dissolved in the same volume of DMSO. The kinetics of static fluorescence quenching of Nd3+ donors of doped NPs dispersed in two solvents was analyzed to determine and to compare the concentrations of OH- quenching acceptors uniformly distributed throughout the volume of the NPs. The dependences of the relative fluorescence quantum yield φ of colloidal solutions on the concentration of OH- groups in the NPs were calculated and were also used to determine concentration of acceptors in the volume of NPs in different solvents. It was found that the concentration of OH- groups in NPs dispersed in DMSO is almost two times lower than in NPs dispersed in water. This gives an almost two-fold increase in the relative fluorescence quantum yield φ for the former. The sizes of synthesized NPs were monitored by common TEM and by applying a rapid procedure based on optical visualization of the trajectories of the Brownian motion of NPs in solution using a laser ultramicroscope. The use of two different methods made it possible to obtain more detailed information about the studied NPs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Timofeeva
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Str. 38, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena Orlovskaya
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Str. 38, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexandr Popov
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Str. 38, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Artem Shaidulin
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Str. 38, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergei Kuznetsov
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Str. 38, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexandr Alexandrov
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Str. 38, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Oleg Uvarov
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Str. 38, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Yuri Vainer
- Institute of Spectroscopy of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Fizicheskaya Str. 5, Troitsk, 108840 Moscow, Russia
- Higher School of Economics, National Research University, Myasnitskaya Str. 4, 101000 Moscow, Russia
| | - Gleb Silaev
- Higher School of Economics, National Research University, Myasnitskaya Str. 4, 101000 Moscow, Russia
| | - Mihkel Rähn
- Institute of Physics, University of Tartu, W. Ostwaldi Str. 1, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Aile Tamm
- Institute of Physics, University of Tartu, W. Ostwaldi Str. 1, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Stanislav Fedorenko
- Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion SB RAS, Institutskaya Str. 3, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Yurii Orlovskii
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Str. 38, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Physics, University of Tartu, W. Ostwaldi Str. 1, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Refaat A, Yap ML, Pietersz G, Walsh APG, Zeller J, Del Rosal B, Wang X, Peter K. In vivo fluorescence imaging: success in preclinical imaging paves the way for clinical applications. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:450. [PMID: 36243718 PMCID: PMC9571426 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-022-01648-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Advances in diagnostic imaging have provided unprecedented opportunities to detect diseases at early stages and with high reliability. Diagnostic imaging is also crucial to monitoring the progress or remission of disease and thus is often the central basis of therapeutic decision-making. Currently, several diagnostic imaging modalities (computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and positron emission tomography, among others) are routinely used in clinics and present their own advantages and limitations. In vivo near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence imaging has recently emerged as an attractive imaging modality combining low cost, high sensitivity, and relative safety. As a preclinical tool, it can be used to investigate disease mechanisms and for testing novel diagnostics and therapeutics prior to their clinical use. However, the limited depth of tissue penetration is a major challenge to efficient clinical use. Therefore, the current clinical use of fluorescence imaging is limited to a few applications such as image-guided surgery on tumors and retinal angiography, using FDA-approved dyes. Progress in fluorophore development and NIR imaging technologies holds promise to extend their clinical application to oncology, cardiovascular diseases, plastic surgery, and brain imaging, among others. Nanotechnology is expected to revolutionize diagnostic in vivo fluorescence imaging through targeted delivery of NIR fluorescent probes using antibody conjugation. In this review, we discuss the latest advances in in vivo fluorescence imaging technologies, NIR fluorescent probes, and current and future clinical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Refaat
- Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Molecular Imaging and Theranostics Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Pharmaceutics Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - May Lin Yap
- Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Geoffrey Pietersz
- Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Aidan Patrick Garing Walsh
- Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Molecular Imaging and Theranostics Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Johannes Zeller
- Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, University of Freiburg Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Xiaowei Wang
- Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia. .,Molecular Imaging and Theranostics Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia. .,Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia. .,Department of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia. .,Baker Department of Cardiovascular Research, Translation and Implementation, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Karlheinz Peter
- Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia. .,Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia. .,Department of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia. .,Baker Department of Cardiovascular Research, Translation and Implementation, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Zhang P, Liu J, Yin L, An Y, Zhang S, Tong W, Hui H, Tian J. Adaptive permissible region based random Kaczmarz reconstruction method for localization of carotid atherosclerotic plaques in fluorescence molecular tomography. Phys Med Biol 2022; 67. [DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/ac8718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objective. In this study, we propose the adaptive permissible region based random Kaczmarz method as an improved reconstruction method to recover small carotid atherosclerotic plaque targets in rodents with high resolution in fluorescence molecular tomography (FMT). Approach. We introduce the random Kaczmarz method as an advanced minimization method to solve the FMT inverse problem. To satisfy the special condition of this method, we proposed an adaptive permissible region strategy based on traditional permissible region methods to flexibly compress the dimension of the solution space. Main results. Monte Carlo simulations, phantom experiments, and in vivo experiments demonstrate that the proposed method can recover the small carotid atherosclerotic plaque targets with high resolution and accuracy, and can achieve lower root mean squared error and distance error (DE) than other traditional methods. For targets with 1.5 mm diameter and 0.5 mm separation, the DE indicators can be improved by up to 40%. Moreover, the proposed method can be utilized for in vivo locating atherosclerotic plaques with high accuracy and robustness. Significance. We applied the random Kaczmarz method to solve the inverse problem in FMT and improve the reconstruction result via this advanced minimization method. We verified that the FMT technology has a great potential to locate and quantify atherosclerotic plaques with higher accuracy, and can be expanded to more preclinical research.
Collapse
|
25
|
Parry R, Majeed K, Pixley F, Hillis GS, Francis RJ, Schultz CJ. Unravelling the role of macrophages in cardiovascular inflammation through imaging: a state-of-the-art review. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2022; 23:e504-e525. [PMID: 35993316 DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jeac167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of death and disability for patients across the world. Our understanding of atherosclerosis as a primary cholesterol issue has diversified, with a significant dysregulated inflammatory component that largely remains untreated and continues to drive persistent cardiovascular risk. Macrophages are central to atherosclerotic inflammation, and they exist along a functional spectrum between pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory extremes. Recent clinical trials have demonstrated a reduction in major cardiovascular events with some, but not all, anti-inflammatory therapies. The recent addition of colchicine to societal guidelines for the prevention of recurrent cardiovascular events in high-risk patients with chronic coronary syndromes highlights the real-world utility of this class of therapies. A highly targeted approach to modification of interleukin-1-dependent pathways shows promise with several novel agents in development, although excessive immunosuppression and resulting serious infection have proven a barrier to implementation into clinical practice. Current risk stratification tools to identify high-risk patients for secondary prevention are either inadequately robust or prohibitively expensive and invasive. A non-invasive and relatively inexpensive method to identify patients who will benefit most from novel anti-inflammatory therapies is required, a role likely to be fulfilled by functional imaging methods. This review article outlines our current understanding of the inflammatory biology of atherosclerosis, upcoming therapies and recent landmark clinical trials, imaging modalities (both invasive and non-invasive) and the current landscape surrounding functional imaging including through targeted nuclear and nanobody tracer development and their application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reece Parry
- School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth 6009, Australia.,Department of Cardiology, Royal Perth Hospital, 197 Wellington Street, Perth, WA 6000, Australia
| | - Kamran Majeed
- School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth 6009, Australia.,Department of Cardiology, Waikato District Health Board, Hamilton 3204, New Zealand
| | - Fiona Pixley
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Western Australia, Perth 6009, Australia
| | - Graham Scott Hillis
- School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth 6009, Australia.,Department of Cardiology, Royal Perth Hospital, 197 Wellington Street, Perth, WA 6000, Australia
| | - Roslyn Jane Francis
- School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth 6009, Australia.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth 6009, Australia
| | - Carl Johann Schultz
- School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth 6009, Australia.,Department of Cardiology, Royal Perth Hospital, 197 Wellington Street, Perth, WA 6000, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Mattesini A, Demola P, Shlofmitz R, Shlofmitz E, Waksman R, Jaffer FA, Di Mario C. Optical Coherence Tomography, Near‐Infrared Spectroscopy, and Near‐Infrared Fluorescence Molecular Imaging. Interv Cardiol 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/9781119697367.ch9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
|
27
|
Li J, Thiele S, Kirk RW, Quirk BC, Hoogendoorn A, Chen YC, Peter K, Nicholls SJ, Verjans JW, Psaltis PJ, Bursill C, Herkommer AM, Giessen H, McLaughlin RA. 3D-Printed Micro Lens-in-Lens for In Vivo Multimodal Microendoscopy. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2107032. [PMID: 35229467 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202107032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Multimodal microendoscopes enable co-located structural and molecular measurements in vivo, thus providing useful insights into the pathological changes associated with disease. However, different optical imaging modalities often have conflicting optical requirements for optimal lens design. For example, a high numerical aperture (NA) lens is needed to realize high-sensitivity fluorescence measurements. In contrast, optical coherence tomography (OCT) demands a low NA to achieve a large depth of focus. These competing requirements present a significant challenge in the design and fabrication of miniaturized imaging probes that are capable of supporting high-quality multiple modalities simultaneously. An optical design is demonstrated which uses two-photon 3D printing to create a miniaturized lens that is simultaneously optimized for these conflicting imaging modalities. The lens-in-lens design contains distinct but connected optical surfaces that separately address the needs of both fluorescence and OCT imaging within a lens of 330 µm diameter. This design shows an improvement in fluorescence sensitivity of >10x in contrast to more conventional fiber-optic design approaches. This lens-in-lens is then integrated into an intravascular catheter probe with a diameter of 520 µm. The first simultaneous intravascular OCT and fluorescence imaging of a mouse artery in vivo is reported.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiawen Li
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
- Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Simon Thiele
- Institute of Applied Optics (ITO) and Research Center SCoPE, University of Stuttgart, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Rodney W Kirk
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
- Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
- School of Biomedicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Bryden C Quirk
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
- Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
- School of Biomedicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Ayla Hoogendoorn
- Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Yung Chih Chen
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
- Department of Cardiometabolic Health, Bio21 Institute, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Karlheinz Peter
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
- Department of Cardiometabolic Health, Bio21 Institute, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Stephen J Nicholls
- Victorian Heart Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3168, Australia
| | - Johan W Verjans
- Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Peter J Psaltis
- Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Christina Bursill
- Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Alois M Herkommer
- Institute of Applied Optics (ITO) and Research Center SCoPE, University of Stuttgart, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Harald Giessen
- 4th Physics Institute and Research Center SCoPE, University of Stuttgart, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Robert A McLaughlin
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
- Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
- School of Biomedicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Wang K, Gao H, Zhang Y, Yan H, Si J, Mi X, Xia S, Feng X, Liu D, Kong D, Wang T, Ding D. Highly Bright AIE Nanoparticles by Regulating the Substituent of Rhodanine for Precise Early Detection of Atherosclerosis and Drug Screening. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2106994. [PMID: 34921573 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202106994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescent probes capable of precise detection of atherosclerosis (AS) at an early stage and fast assessment of anti-AS drugs in animal level are particularly valuable. Herein, a highly bright aggregation-induced emission (AIE) nanoprobe is introduced by regulating the substituent of rhodanine for early detection of atherosclerotic plaque and screening of anti-AS drugs in a precise, sensitive, and rapid manner. With dicyanomethylene-substituted rhodanine as the electron-withdrawing unit, the AIE luminogen named TPE-T-RCN shows the highest molar extinction coefficient, the largest photoluminescence quantum yield, and the most redshifted absorption/emission spectra simultaneously as compared to the control compounds. The nanoprobes are obtained with an amphiphilic copolymer as the matrix encapsulating TPE-T-RCN molecules, which are further surface functionalized with anti-CD47 antibody for specifically binding to CD47 overexpressed in AS plaques. Such nanoprobes allow efficient recognition of AS plaques at different stages in apolipoprotein E-deficient (apoE-/- ) mice, especially for the recognition of early-stage AS plaques prior to micro-computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). These features impel to apply the nanoprobes in monitoring the therapeutic effects of anti-AS drugs, providing a powerful tool for anti-AS drug screening. Their potential use in targeted imaging of human carotid plaque is further demonstrated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials for the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, and State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Heqi Gao
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials for the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, and State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yuwen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials for the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, and State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Hongyu Yan
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials for the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, and State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Jianghua Si
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials for the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, and State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Xingyan Mi
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials for the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, and State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Shuang Xia
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Xuequan Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Dingbin Liu
- College of Chemistry, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Biosensing, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Deling Kong
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials for the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, and State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
- Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221002, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urban Transport Emission Research, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Dan Ding
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials for the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, and State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
- Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221002, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Function Reconstruction, Tianjin Stomatological Hospital, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nankai University, Tianjin, 300041, China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Kunio M, Gardecki JA, Watanabe K, Nishimiya K, Verma S, Jaffer FA, Tearney GJ. Histopathological correlation of near infrared autofluorescence in human cadaver coronary arteries. Atherosclerosis 2022; 344:31-39. [PMID: 35134654 PMCID: PMC9106423 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2022.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Prior coronary optical coherence tomography (OCT)-near infrared auto-fluorescence (NIRAF) imaging data has shown a correlation between high-risk morphological features and NIRAF signal intensity. This study aims to understand the histopathological origins of NIRAF in human cadaver coronary arteries. METHODS Ex vivo intracoronary OCT-NIRAF imaging was performed on coronary arteries prosected from 23 fresh human cadaver hearts. Arteries with elevated NIRAF were formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded. Microscopic images of immunostained Glycophorin A (indicating intraplaque hemorrhage) and Sudan Black (indicating ceroid after fixation) stained slides were compared with confocal NIRAF images (ex. 635 nm, em. 655-755 nm) from adjacent unstained slides in each section. Different images from the same section were registered via luminal morphology. Confocal NIRAF-positive 45° sectors were compared to immunohistochemistry and colocalization between NIRAF and intraplaque hemorrhage or ceroid was quantified by Manders' overlap and Dice similarity coefficients. RESULTS Thirty-one coronary arteries from 14 hearts demonstrated ≥1.5 times higher NIRAF signal than background, and 429 sections were created from them, including 54 sections (12.6%) with high-risk plaques. Within 112 confocal NIRAF-positive 45° sectors, 65 sectors (58.0%) showed both Glycophorin A-positive and Sudan Black-positive, while 7 sectors (6.3%) and 40 sectors (33.6%) only showed Glycophorin A-positive or Sudan black-positive, respectively. A two-tailed McNemar's test showed that Sudan Black more closely corresponded to confocal NIRAF than Glycophorin A (p < 1.0 × 10-6). NIRAF was also found to spatially associate with both Glycophorin A and Sudan Black, with stronger colocalization between Sudan Black and NIRAF (Manders: 0.19 ± 0.15 vs. 0.13 ± 0.14, p < 0.005; Dice: 0.072 ± 0.096 vs. 0.060 ± 0.090, p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS As ceroid associates with oxidative stress and intraplaque hemorrhage is implicated in rapid lesion progression, these results suggest that NIRAF provides additional, complementary information to morphologic imaging that may aid in identifying high-risk coronary plaques via translatable intracoronary OCT-NIRAF imaging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mie Kunio
- Canon U.S.A., Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA; Wellman Center of Photomedicine, Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Joseph A. Gardecki
- Wellman Center of Photomedicine, Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kohei Watanabe
- Canon U.S.A., Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA,Wellman Center of Photomedicine, Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kensuke Nishimiya
- Wellman Center of Photomedicine, Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Farouc A. Jaffer
- Wellman Center of Photomedicine, Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Guillermo J. Tearney
- Wellman Center of Photomedicine, Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,Corresponding author. 55 Fruit Street, BHX 604A, Boston, MA, 02114, USA. (M. Kunio), (G.J. Tearney)
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Liebert A, Pang V, Bicknell B, McLachlan C, Mitrofanis J, Kiat H. A Perspective on the Potential of Opsins as an Integral Mechanism of Photobiomodulation: It's Not Just the Eyes. Photobiomodul Photomed Laser Surg 2022; 40:123-135. [PMID: 34935507 DOI: 10.1089/photob.2021.0106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the potential relationship between opsins and photobiomodulation. Background: Opsins and other photoreceptors occur in all phyla and are important in light-activated signaling and organism homeostasis. In addition to the visual opsin systems of the retina (OPN1 and OPN2), there are several non-visual opsins found throughout the body tissues, including encephalopsin/panopsin (OPN3), melanopsin (OPN4), and neuropsin (OPN5), as well as other structures that have light-sensitive properties, such as enzymes, ion channels, particularly those located in cell membranes, lysosomes, and neuronal structures such as the nodes of Ranvier. The influence of these structures on exposure to light, including self-generated light within the body (autofluorescence), on circadian oscillators, and circadian and ultradian rhythms have become increasingly reported. The visual and non-visual phototransduction cascade originating from opsins and other structures has potential significant mechanistic effects on tissues and health. Methods: A PubMed and Google Scholar search was made using the search terms "photobiomodulation", "light", "neuron", "opsins", "neuropsin", "melanopsin", "encephalopsin", "rhodopsin", and "chromophore". Results: This review was examined the influence of neuropsin (also known as kallikrein 8), encephalopsin, and melanopsin specifically on ion channel function, and more broadly on the central and peripheral nervous systems. The relationship between opsins 3, 4, and 5 and photobiomodulation mechanisms was evaluated, along with a proposed role of photobiomodulation through opsins and light-sensitive organelles as potential alleviators of symptoms and accelerators of beneficial regenerative processes. The potential clinical implications of this in musculoskeletal conditions, wounds, and in the symptomatic management of neurodegenerative disease was also examined. Conclusions: Systematic research into the pleotropic therapeutic role of photobiomodulation, mediated through its action on opsins and other light-sensitive organelles may assist in the future execution of safe, low-risk precision medicine for a variety of chronic and complex disease conditions, and for health maintenance in aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ann Liebert
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Office of Governance and Research, San Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Brian Bicknell
- Faculty of Health Science, Australian Catholic University, North Sydney, Australia
| | | | - John Mitrofanis
- Clinatec, Fonds de Dotation-CEA, Universitè Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Hosen Kiat
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia.,Cardiac Health Institute, Sydney, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Trends in biomedical analysis of red blood cells – Raman spectroscopy against other spectroscopic, microscopic and classical techniques. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2021.116481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
32
|
Abstract
Inflammation is intimately involved at all stages of atherosclerosis and remains a substantial residual cardiovascular risk factor in optimally treated patients. The proof of concept that targeting inflammation reduces cardiovascular events in patients with a history of myocardial infarction has highlighted the urgent need to identify new immunotherapies to treat patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Importantly, emerging data from new clinical trials show that successful immunotherapies for atherosclerosis need to be tailored to the specific immune alterations in distinct groups of patients. In this Review, we discuss how single-cell technologies - such as single-cell mass cytometry, single-cell RNA sequencing and cellular indexing of transcriptomes and epitopes by sequencing - are ideal for mapping the cellular and molecular composition of human atherosclerotic plaques and how these data can aid in the discovery of new precise immunotherapies. We also argue that single-cell data from studies in humans need to be rigorously validated in relevant experimental models, including rapidly emerging single-cell CRISPR screening technologies and mouse models of atherosclerosis. Finally, we discuss the importance of implementing single-cell immune monitoring tools in early phases of drug development to aid in the precise selection of the target patient population for data-driven translation into randomized clinical trials and the successful translation of new immunotherapies into the clinic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dawn M Fernandez
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Chiara Giannarelli
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
- New York University Cardiovascular Research Center, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Chen YC, Jandeleit-Dahm K, Peter K. Sodium-Glucose Co-Transporter 2 (SGLT2) Inhibitor Dapagliflozin Stabilizes Diabetes-Induced Atherosclerotic Plaque Instability. J Am Heart Assoc 2021; 11:e022761. [PMID: 34970931 PMCID: PMC9075188 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.121.022761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Background Diabetes is known to accelerate atherosclerosis and increase plaque instability. However, there has been a lack of suitable animal models to study the effect of diabetes on plaque instability. We hypothesized that the tandem stenosis mouse model, which reflects plaque instability/rupture as seen in patients, can be applied to study the effects of diabetes and respective therapeutics on plaque instability/rupture. Methods and Results ApoE−/− mice at 7 weeks of age were rendered diabetic with streptozotocin and 5 weeks later were surgically subjected to tandem stenosis in the right carotid artery and fed with a high‐fat diet for 7 weeks. As a promising new antidiabetic drug class, a sodium glucose co‐transporter 2 inhibitor was tested in this new model. Diabetic mice showed an increase in the size of unstable atherosclerotic plaques and in the plaque instability markers MCP‐1, CD68, and necrotic core size. Mice treated with dapagliflozin demonstrated attenuated glucose and triglyceride levels. Importantly, these mice demonstrated plaque stabilization with enhanced collagen accumulation, increased fibrosis, increased cap‐to‐lesion height ratios, and significant upregulation of the vasculoprotective NADPH oxidase 4 expression. Conclusions The tandem stenosis mouse model in combination with the application of streptozotocin represents a highly suitable and unique mouse model for studying plaque destabilization under diabetic conditions. Furthermore, for the first time, we provide evidence of plaque‐stabilizing effects of sodium‐glucose co‐transporter 2 inhibitor. Our data also suggest that this newly developed mouse model is an attractive preclinical tool for testing antidiabetic drugs for the highly sought‐after potential to stabilize atherosclerotic plaques.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Chih Chen
- Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute Melbourne Australia.,Central Clinical School Monash University Melbourne Australia.,Department of Cardiometabolic Health University of Melbourne Australia
| | - Karin Jandeleit-Dahm
- Department of Diabetes Monash University Melbourne Australia.,German Diabetes Centre Leibniz Centre for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Dusseldorf Germany
| | - Karlheinz Peter
- Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute Melbourne Australia.,Central Clinical School Monash University Melbourne Australia.,Department of Cardiometabolic Health University of Melbourne Australia.,Department of Cardiology The Alfred Hospital Melbourne Australia
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Stable Aqueous Colloidal Solutions of Nd 3+: LaF 3 Nanoparticles, Promising for Luminescent Bioimaging in the Near-Infrared Spectral Range. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11112847. [PMID: 34835612 PMCID: PMC8625732 DOI: 10.3390/nano11112847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Two series of stable aqueous colloidal solutions of Nd3+: LaF3 single-phase well-crystallized nanoparticles (NPs), possessing a fluorcerite structure with different activator concentrations in each series, were synthesized. A hydrothermal method involving microwave-assisted heating (HTMW) in two Berghof speedwave devices equipped with one magnetron (type I) or two magnetrons (type II) was used. The average sizes of NPs are 15.4 ± 6 nm (type I) and 21 ± 7 nm (type II). Both types of NPs have a size distribution that is well described by a double Gaussian function. The fluorescence kinetics of the 4F3/2 level of the Nd3+ ion for NPs of both types, in contrast to a similar bulk crystal, demonstrates a luminescence quenching associated not only with Nd-Nd self-quenching, but also with an additional Nd-OH quenching. A method has been developed for determining the spontaneous radiative lifetime of the excited state of a dopant ion, with the significant contribution of the luminescence quenching caused by the presence of the impurity OH- acceptors located in the bulk of NPs. The relative quantum yield of fluorescence and the fluorescence brightness of an aqueous colloidal solution of type II NPs with an optimal concentration of Nd3+ are only 2.5 times lower than those of analogous Nd3+: LaF3 single crystals.
Collapse
|
35
|
Iwata H, Osborn EA, Ughi GJ, Murakami K, Goettsch C, Hutcheson JD, Mauskapf A, Mattson PC, Libby P, Singh SA, Matamalas J, Aikawa E, Tearney GJ, Aikawa M, Jaffer FA. Highly Selective PPARα (Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor α) Agonist Pemafibrate Inhibits Stent Inflammation and Restenosis Assessed by Multimodality Molecular-Microstructural Imaging. J Am Heart Assoc 2021; 10:e020834. [PMID: 34632804 PMCID: PMC8751880 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.121.020834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND New pharmacological approaches are needed to prevent stent restenosis. This study tested the hypothesis that pemafibrate, a novel clinical selective PPARα (peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor α) agonist, suppresses coronary stent‐induced arterial inflammation and neointimal hyperplasia. METHODS AND RESULTS Yorkshire pigs randomly received either oral pemafibrate (30 mg/day; n=6) or control vehicle (n=7) for 7 days, followed by coronary arterial implantation of 3.5 × 12 mm bare metal stents (2–4 per animal; 44 stents total). On day 7, intracoronary molecular‐structural near‐infrared fluorescence and optical coherence tomography imaging was performed to assess the arterial inflammatory response, demonstrating that pemafibrate reduced stent‐induced inflammatory protease activity (near‐infrared fluorescence target‐to‐background ratio: pemafibrate, median [25th‐75th percentile]: 2.8 [2.5–3.3] versus control, 4.1 [3.3–4.3], P=0.02). At day 28, animals underwent repeat near‐infrared fluorescence–optical coherence tomography imaging and were euthanized, and coronary stent tissue molecular and histological analyses. Day 28 optical coherence tomography imaging showed that pemafibrate significantly reduced stent neointima volume (pemafibrate, 43.1 [33.7–54.1] mm3 versus control, 54.2 [41.2–81.1] mm3; P=0.03). In addition, pemafibrate suppressed day 28 stent‐induced cellular inflammation and neointima expression of the inflammatory mediators TNF‐α (tumor necrosis factor‐α) and MMP‐9 (matrix metalloproteinase 9) and enhanced the smooth muscle differentiation markers calponin and smoothelin. In vitro assays indicated that the STAT3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 3)–myocardin axes mediated the inhibitory effects of pemafibrate on smooth muscle cell proliferation. CONCLUSIONS Pemafibrate reduces preclinical coronary stent inflammation and neointimal hyperplasia following bare metal stent deployment. These results motivate further trials evaluating pemafibrate as a new strategy to prevent clinical stent restenosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Iwata
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences Cardiovascular Division Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston MA.,Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine Tokyo Japan
| | - Eric A Osborn
- Cardiovascular Research CenterCardiology DivisionMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical School Boston MA.,Cardiology Division Beth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterHarvard Medical School Boston MA
| | - Giovanni J Ughi
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine Massachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical School Boston MA
| | - Kentaro Murakami
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences Cardiovascular Division Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston MA
| | - Claudia Goettsch
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences Cardiovascular Division Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston MA
| | - Joshua D Hutcheson
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences Cardiovascular Division Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston MA
| | - Adam Mauskapf
- Cardiovascular Research CenterCardiology DivisionMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical School Boston MA
| | - Peter C Mattson
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences Cardiovascular Division Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston MA
| | - Peter Libby
- Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology Cardiovascular Division Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston MA
| | - Sasha A Singh
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences Cardiovascular Division Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston MA
| | - Joan Matamalas
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences Cardiovascular Division Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston MA
| | - Elena Aikawa
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences Cardiovascular Division Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston MA.,Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology Cardiovascular Division Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston MA.,Department of Human Pathology I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Guillermo J Tearney
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine Massachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical School Boston MA.,Department of Pathology Massachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical School Boston MA
| | - Masanori Aikawa
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences Cardiovascular Division Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston MA.,Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology Cardiovascular Division Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston MA.,Channing Division of Network Medicine Brigham and Women's HospitalHarvard Medical School Boston MA
| | - Farouc A Jaffer
- Cardiovascular Research CenterCardiology DivisionMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical School Boston MA.,Wellman Center for Photomedicine Massachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical School Boston MA
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Fathi P, Moitra P, McDonald MM, Esch MB, Pan D. Near-infrared emitting dual-stimuli-responsive carbon dots from endogenous bile pigments. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:13487-13496. [PMID: 34477753 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr01295a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Carbon dots are biocompatible nanoparticles suitable for a variety of biomedical applications. Careful selection of carbon dot precursors and surface modification techniques has allowed for the development of carbon dots with strong near-infrared fluorescence emission. However, carbon dots that provide strong fluorescence contrast would prove even more useful if they were also responsive to stimuli. In this work, endogenous bile pigments bilirubin (BR) and biliverdin (BV) were used for the first time to synthesize stimuli-responsive carbon dots (BR-CDots and BV-CDots respectively). The precursor choice lends these carbon dots spectroscopic characteristics that are enzyme-responsive and pH-responsive without the need for surface modifications post-synthesis. Both BV- and BR-CDots are water-dispersible and provide fluorescence contrast, while retaining the stimuli-responsive behaviors intrinsic to their precursors. Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis revealed that the hydrodynamic size of the BR-CDots and BV-CDots decreased with exposure to bilirubin oxidase and biliverdin reductase, respectively, indicating potential enzyme-responsive degradation of the carbon dots. Fluorescence spectroscopic data demonstrate that both BR-CDots and BV-CDots exhibit changes in their fluorescence spectra in response to changes in pH, indicating that these carbon dots have potential applications in pH sensing. In addition, BR-CDots are biocompatible and provide near-infrared fluorescence emission when excited with light at wavelengths of 600 nm or higher. This work demonstrates the use of rationally selected carbon sources for obtaining near-infrared fluorescence and stimuli-responsive behavior in carbon dots that also provide strong fluorescence contrast.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Parinaz Fathi
- Departments of Bioengineering, Materials Science and Engineering, and Beckman Institute, University of Illinois, 61801, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
MacRitchie N, Noonan J, Guzik TJ, Maffia P. Molecular Imaging of Cardiovascular Inflammation. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 178:4216-4245. [PMID: 34378206 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD), including atherosclerosis, are chronic inflammatory diseases characterised by a complex and evolving tissue micro-environment. Molecular heterogeneity of inflammatory responses translates into clinical outcomes. However, current medical imaging modalities are unable to reveal the cellular and molecular events at a level of detail that would allow more accurate and timely diagnosis and treatment. This is an inherent limitation of the current imaging tools which are restricted to anatomical or functional data. Molecular imaging - the visualization and quantification of molecules in the body - is already established in the clinic in the form of Positron Emitted Tomography (PET), yet the use of PET in CVD is limited. In this visual review, we will guide you through the current state of molecular imaging research, assessing the respective strengths and weaknesses of molecular imaging modalities, including those already being used in the clinic such as PET and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and emerging technologies at pre-clinical stage, such as photoacoustic imaging. We discuss the basic principles of each technology and provide key examples of their application in imaging inflammation in CVD and the added value into the diagnostic decision-making process. Finally, we discuss barriers for rapid successful clinical translation of these novel diagnostic modalities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neil MacRitchie
- Centre for Immunobiology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.,Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | | | - Tomasz J Guzik
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.,Department of Internal Medicine, Jagiellonian University, Collegium Medicum, Kraków, Poland
| | - Pasquale Maffia
- Centre for Immunobiology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.,Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.,Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Choi JSY, de Haan JB, Sharma A. Animal models of diabetes-associated vascular diseases: an update on available models and experimental analysis. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 179:748-769. [PMID: 34131901 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disorder associated with the accelerated development of macrovascular (atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease) and microvascular complications (nephropathy, retinopathy and neuropathy), which remain the principal cause of mortality and morbidity in this population. Current understanding of cellular and molecular pathways of diabetes-driven vascular complications, as well as therapeutic interventions has arisen from studying disease pathogenesis in animal models. Diabetes-associated vascular complications are multi-faceted, involving the interaction between various cellular and molecular pathways. Thus, the choice of an appropriate animal model to study vascular pathogenesis is important in our quest to identify innovative and mechanism-based targeted therapies to reduce the burden of diabetic complications. Herein, we provide up-to-date information on available mouse models of both Type 1 and Type 2 diabetic vascular complications as well as experimental analysis and research outputs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Judy S Y Choi
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Judy B de Haan
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Arpeeta Sharma
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Diabetes, Monash University, Central Clinical School, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Ali Z, Karimi Galougahi K, Mintz GS, Maehara A, Shlofmitz R, Mattesini A. Intracoronary optical coherence tomography: state of the art and future directions. EUROINTERVENTION 2021; 17:e105-e123. [PMID: 34110288 PMCID: PMC9725016 DOI: 10.4244/eij-d-21-00089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) has been increasingly utilised to guide percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Despite the diagnostic utility of OCT, facilitated by its high resolution, the impact of intracoronary OCT on clinical practice has thus far been limited. Difficulty in transitioning from intravascular ultrasound (IVUS), complex image interpretation, lack of a standardised algorithm for PCI guidance, and paucity of data from prospective clinical trials have contributed to the modest adoption. Herein, we provide a comprehensive up-do-date overview on the utility of OCT in coronary artery disease, including technical details, device set-up, simplified OCT image interpretation, recognition of the imaging artefacts, and an algorithmic approach for using OCT in PCI guidance. We discuss the utility of OCT in acute coronary syndromes, provide a summary of the clinical trial data, list the work in progress, and discuss the future directions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ziad Ali
- St. Francis Hospital and Heart Center 100 Port Washington Blvd., Roslyn, NY 11576, USA
| | | | - Gary S. Mintz
- Clinical Trials Center, Cardiovascular Research Foundation, New York, NY, USA
| | - Akiko Maehara
- Clinical Trials Center, Cardiovascular Research Foundation, New York, NY, USA,Center for Interventional Vascular Therapy, Division of Cardiology, NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital/Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Richard Shlofmitz
- DeMatteis Cardiovascular Institute, St. Francis Hospital & Heart Center, Roslyn, NY, USA
| | - Alessio Mattesini
- Structural Interventional Cardiology Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Albaghdadi MS, Ikegami R, Kassab MB, Gardecki JA, Kunio M, Chowdhury MM, Khamis R, Libby P, Tearney GJ, Jaffer FA. Near-Infrared Autofluorescence in Atherosclerosis Associates With Ceroid and Is Generated by Oxidized Lipid-Induced Oxidative Stress. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2021; 41:e385-e398. [PMID: 34011166 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.120.315612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mazen S Albaghdadi
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiology (M.S.A., R.I., M.B.K., M.M.C., F.A.J.), Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, ON, Canada (M.S.A.)
| | - Ryutaro Ikegami
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiology (M.S.A., R.I., M.B.K., M.M.C., F.A.J.), Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston.,Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Japan (R.I.)
| | - Mohamad B Kassab
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiology (M.S.A., R.I., M.B.K., M.M.C., F.A.J.), Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
| | - Joseph A Gardecki
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine (J.A.G., G.J.T., F.A.J.), Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
| | - Mie Kunio
- Canon USA, Inc, Cambridge, MA (M.K.)
| | - Mohammed M Chowdhury
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiology (M.S.A., R.I., M.B.K., M.M.C., F.A.J.), Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston.,Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (M.M.C.)
| | - Ramzi Khamis
- National Heart Lung Institute, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (R.K.)
| | - Peter Libby
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA (P.L.)
| | - Guillermo J Tearney
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine (J.A.G., G.J.T., F.A.J.), Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston.,Department of Pathology (G.J.T.), Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston.,Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA (G.J.T.)
| | - Farouc A Jaffer
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiology (M.S.A., R.I., M.B.K., M.M.C., F.A.J.), Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston.,Wellman Center for Photomedicine (J.A.G., G.J.T., F.A.J.), Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Li Z, Tang H, Tu Y. Molecular and Nonmolecular Imaging of Macrophages in Atherosclerosis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:670639. [PMID: 34095259 PMCID: PMC8169961 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.670639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a major cause of ischemic heart disease, and the increasing medical burden associated with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease has become a major public health concern worldwide. Macrophages play an important role in all stages of the dynamic progress of atherosclerosis, from its initiation and lesion expansion increasing the vulnerability of plaques, to the formation of unstable plaques and clinical manifestations. Early imaging can identify patients at risk of coronary atherosclerotic disease and its complications, enabling preventive measures to be initiated. Recent advances in molecular imaging have involved the noninvasive and semi-quantitative targeted imaging of macrophages and their related molecules in vivo, which can detect atheroma earlier and more accurately than conventional imaging. Multimodal imaging integrates vascular structure, function, and molecular imaging technology to achieve multi-dimensional imaging, which can be used to comprehensively evaluate blood vessels and obtain clinical information based on anatomical structure and molecular level. At the same time, the rapid development of nonmolecular imaging technologies, such as intravascular imaging, which have the unique advantages of having intuitive accuracy and providing rich information to identify macrophage inflammation and inform targeted personalized treatment, has also been seen. In this review, we highlight recent methods and research hotspots in molecular and nonmolecular imaging of macrophages in atherosclerosis that have enormous potential for rapid clinical application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyue Li
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Hao Tang
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yingfeng Tu
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Li J, Montarello NJ, Hoogendoorn A, Verjans JW, Bursill CA, Peter K, Nicholls SJ, McLaughlin RA, Psaltis PJ. Multimodality Intravascular Imaging of High-Risk Coronary Plaque. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2021; 15:145-159. [PMID: 34023267 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2021.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The majority of coronary atherothrombotic events presenting as myocardial infarction (MI) occur as a result of plaque rupture or erosion. Understanding the evolution from a stable plaque into a life-threatening, high-risk plaque is required for advancing clinical approaches to predict atherothrombotic events, and better treat coronary atherosclerosis. Unfortunately, none of the coronary imaging approaches used in clinical practice can reliably predict which plaques will cause an MI. Currently used imaging techniques mostly identify morphological features of plaques, but are not capable of detecting essential molecular characteristics known to be important drivers of future risk. To address this challenge, engineers, scientists, and clinicians have been working hand-in-hand to advance a variety of multimodality intravascular imaging techniques, whereby 2 or more complementary modalities are integrated into the same imaging catheter. Some of these have already been tested in early clinical studies, with other next-generation techniques also in development. This review examines these emerging hybrid intracoronary imaging techniques and discusses their strengths, limitations, and potential for clinical translation from both an engineering and clinical perspective.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiawen Li
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, Adelaide, Australia; Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Nicholas J Montarello
- Department of Cardiology, Central Adelaide Local Health Network, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Ayla Hoogendoorn
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, Adelaide, Australia; Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia; Vascular Research Centre, Heart and Vascular Program, Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Johan W Verjans
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, Adelaide, Australia; Department of Cardiology, Central Adelaide Local Health Network, Adelaide, Australia; Vascular Research Centre, Heart and Vascular Program, Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Christina A Bursill
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, Adelaide, Australia; Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia; Vascular Research Centre, Heart and Vascular Program, Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
| | | | - Stephen J Nicholls
- Monash Cardiovascular Research Centre, Victorian Heart Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Robert A McLaughlin
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, Adelaide, Australia; Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Peter J Psaltis
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia; Department of Cardiology, Central Adelaide Local Health Network, Adelaide, Australia; Vascular Research Centre, Heart and Vascular Program, Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Koay YC, Chen YC, Wali JA, Luk AWS, Li M, Doma H, Reimark R, Zaldivia MTK, Habtom HT, Franks AE, Fusco-Allison G, Yang J, Holmes A, Simpson SJ, Peter K, O’Sullivan JF. Plasma levels of trimethylamine-N-oxide can be increased with 'healthy' and 'unhealthy' diets and do not correlate with the extent of atherosclerosis but with plaque instability. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 117:435-449. [PMID: 32267921 PMCID: PMC8599768 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvaa094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS The microbiome-derived metabolite trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) has attracted major interest and controversy both as a diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic target in atherothrombosis. METHODS AND RESULTS Plasma TMAO increased in mice on 'unhealthy' high-choline diets and notably also on 'healthy' high-fibre diets. Interestingly, TMAO was found to be generated by direct oxidation in the gut in addition to oxidation by hepatic flavin-monooxygenases. Unexpectedly, two well-accepted mouse models of atherosclerosis, ApoE-/- and Ldlr-/- mice, which reflect the development of stable atherosclerosis, showed no association of TMAO with the extent of atherosclerosis. This finding was validated in the Framingham Heart Study showing no correlation between plasma TMAO and coronary artery calcium score or carotid intima-media thickness (IMT), as measures of atherosclerosis in human subjects. However, in the tandem-stenosis mouse model, which reflects plaque instability as typically seen in patients, TMAO levels correlated with several characteristics of plaque instability, such as markers of inflammation, platelet activation, and intraplaque haemorrhage. CONCLUSIONS Dietary-induced changes in the microbiome, of both 'healthy' and 'unhealthy' diets, can cause an increase in the plasma level of TMAO. The gut itself is a site of significant oxidative production of TMAO. Most importantly, our findings reconcile contradictory data on TMAO. There was no direct association of plasma TMAO and the extent of atherosclerosis, both in mice and humans. However, using a mouse model of plaque instability we demonstrated an association of TMAO plasma levels with atherosclerotic plaque instability. The latter confirms TMAO as being a marker of cardiovascular risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yen Chin Koay
- Heart Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Central Clinical School, Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Yung-Chih Chen
- Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jibran A Wali
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Faculty of Science, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Alison W S Luk
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Faculty of Science, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Mengbo Li
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Hemavarni Doma
- Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Rosa Reimark
- Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Habteab T Habtom
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Future Landscapes, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ashley E Franks
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Future Landscapes, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Gabrielle Fusco-Allison
- Heart Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Central Clinical School, Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jean Yang
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Andrew Holmes
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Faculty of Science, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Stephen J Simpson
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Faculty of Science, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - John F O’Sullivan
- Heart Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Central Clinical School, Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Tong W, Hui H, Shang W, Zhang Y, Tian F, Ma Q, Yang X, Tian J, Chen Y. Highly sensitive magnetic particle imaging of vulnerable atherosclerotic plaque with active myeloperoxidase-targeted nanoparticles. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:506-521. [PMID: 33391489 PMCID: PMC7738857 DOI: 10.7150/thno.49812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a pivotal driver of atherosclerotic plaque progression and rupture and is a target for identifying vulnerable plaques. However, challenges arise with the current in vivo imaging modalities for differentiating vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques from stable plaques due to their low specificity and sensitivity. Herein, we aimed to develop a novel multimodal imaging platform that specifically targets and identifies high-risk plaques in vivo by detecting active myeloperoxidase (MPO), a potential inflammatory marker of vulnerable atherosclerotic plaque. Methods: A novel multimodal imaging agent, 5-HT-Fe3O4-Cy7 nanoparticles (5HFeC NPs), used for active MPO targeting, was designed by conjugating superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) with 5-hydroxytryptamine and cyanine 7 N-hydroxysuccinimide ester. The specificity and sensitivity of 5HFeC NPs were evaluated using magnetic particle imaging (MPI), fluorescence imaging (FLI), and computed tomographic angiography (CTA) in an ApoE-/- atherosclerosis mouse model. Treatment with 4-ABAH, an MPO inhibitor, was used to assess the monitoring ability of 5HFeC NPs. Results: 5HFeC NPs can sensitively differentiate and accurately localize vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques in ApoE-/- mice via MPI/FLI/CTA. High MPI and FLI signals were observed in atherosclerotic plaques within the abdominal aorta, which were histologically confirmed by multiple high-risk features of macrophage infiltration, neovascularization, and microcalcification. Inhibition of active MPO reduced accumulation of 5HFeC NPs in the abdominal aorta. Accumulation of 5HFeC NPs in plaques enabled quantitative evaluation of the severity of inflammation and monitoring of MPO activity. Conclusions: This multimodal MPI approach revealed that active MPO-targeted nanoparticles might serve as a method for detecting vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques and monitoring MPO activity.
Collapse
|
45
|
Sangha GS, Goergen CJ, Prior SJ, Ranadive SM, Clyne AM. Preclinical techniques to investigate exercise training in vascular pathophysiology. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2021; 320:H1566-H1600. [PMID: 33385323 PMCID: PMC8260379 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00719.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a dynamic process starting with endothelial dysfunction and inflammation and eventually leading to life-threatening arterial plaques. Exercise generally improves endothelial function in a dose-dependent manner by altering hemodynamics, specifically by increased arterial pressure, pulsatility, and shear stress. However, athletes who regularly participate in high-intensity training can develop arterial plaques, suggesting alternative mechanisms through which excessive exercise promotes vascular disease. Understanding the mechanisms that drive atherosclerosis in sedentary versus exercise states may lead to novel rehabilitative methods aimed at improving exercise compliance and physical activity. Preclinical tools, including in vitro cell assays, in vivo animal models, and in silico computational methods, broaden our capabilities to study the mechanisms through which exercise impacts atherogenesis, from molecular maladaptation to vascular remodeling. Here, we describe how preclinical research tools have and can be used to study exercise effects on atherosclerosis. We then propose how advanced bioengineering techniques can be used to address gaps in our current understanding of vascular pathophysiology, including integrating in vitro, in vivo, and in silico studies across multiple tissue systems and size scales. Improving our understanding of the antiatherogenic exercise effects will enable engaging, targeted, and individualized exercise recommendations to promote cardiovascular health rather than treating cardiovascular disease that results from a sedentary lifestyle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gurneet S Sangha
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
| | - Craig J Goergen
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana.,Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Steven J Prior
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, Maryland.,Baltimore Veterans Affairs Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Sushant M Ranadive
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, Maryland
| | - Alisa M Clyne
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Osborn EA, Albaghdadi M, Libby P, Jaffer FA. Molecular Imaging of Atherosclerosis. Mol Imaging 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-816386-3.00086-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
|
47
|
Noonan J, Bobik A, Peter K. The tandem stenosis mouse model: Towards understanding, imaging, and preventing atherosclerotic plaque instability and rupture. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 179:979-997. [PMID: 33368184 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The rupture of unstable atherosclerotic plaques is the major cause of cardiovascular mortality and morbidity. Despite significant limitations in our understanding and ability to identify unstable plaque pathology and prevent plaque rupture, most atherosclerosis research utilises preclinical animal models exhibiting stable atherosclerosis. Here, we introduce the tandem stenosis (TS) mouse model that reflects plaque instability and rupture, as seen in patients. The TS model involves dual ligation of the right carotid artery, leading to locally predefined unstable atherosclerosis in hypercholesterolaemic mice. It exhibits key characteristics of human unstable plaques, including plaque rupture, luminal thrombosis, intraplaque haemorrhage, large necrotic cores, thin or ruptured fibrous caps and extensive immune cell accumulation. Altogether, the TS model represents an ideal preclinical tool for improving our understanding of human plaque instability and rupture, for the development of imaging technologies to identify unstable plaques, and for the development and testing of plaque-stabilising treatments for the prevention of atherosclerotic plaque rupture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Noonan
- Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Immunology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alex Bobik
- Department of Immunology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Vascular Biology and Atherosclerosis Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Karlheinz Peter
- Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Immunology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Yao Q, Chen R, Ganapathy V, Kou L. Therapeutic application and construction of bilirubin incorporated nanoparticles. J Control Release 2020; 328:407-424. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.08.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
49
|
Montarello NJ, Nelson AJ, Verjans J, Nicholls SJ, Psaltis PJ. The role of intracoronary imaging in translational research. Cardiovasc Diagn Ther 2020; 10:1480-1507. [PMID: 33224769 DOI: 10.21037/cdt-20-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is a key public health concern worldwide and leading cause of morbidity, mortality and health economic costs. Understanding atherosclerotic plaque microstructure in relation to molecular mechanisms that underpin its initiation and progression is needed to provide the best chance of combating this disease. Evolving vessel wall-based, endovascular coronary imaging modalities, including intravascular ultrasound (IVUS), optical coherence tomography (OCT) and near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), used in isolation or as hybrid modalities, have been advanced to allow comprehensive visualization of the pathological substrate of coronary atherosclerosis and accurately measure temporal changes in both the vessel wall and plaque characteristics. This has helped further our appreciation of the natural history of coronary artery disease (CAD) and the risk for major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), evaluate the responsiveness to conventional and experimental therapeutic interventions, and assist in guiding percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Here we review the use of different imaging modalities for these purposes and the lessons they have provided thus far.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J Montarello
- Department of Cardiology, Central Adelaide Local Health Network, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Adam J Nelson
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.,Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Johan Verjans
- Department of Cardiology, Central Adelaide Local Health Network, Adelaide, Australia.,Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.,Vascular Research Centre, Heart and Vascular Program, Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Stephen J Nicholls
- Monash Cardiovascular Research Centre, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Peter J Psaltis
- Department of Cardiology, Central Adelaide Local Health Network, Adelaide, Australia.,Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.,Vascular Research Centre, Heart and Vascular Program, Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Khraishah H, Jaffer FA. Intravascular Molecular Imaging: Near-Infrared Fluorescence as a New Frontier. Front Cardiovasc Med 2020; 7:587100. [PMID: 33330648 PMCID: PMC7719823 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2020.587100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite exciting advances in structural intravascular imaging [intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) and optical coherence tomography (OCT)] that have enabled partial assessment of atheroma burden and high-risk features associated with acute coronary syndromes, structural-based imaging modalities alone do not comprehensively phenotype the complex pathobiology of atherosclerosis. Near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) is an emerging molecular intravascular imaging modality that allows for in vivo visualization of pathobiological and cellular processes at atheroma plaque level, including inflammation, oxidative stress, and abnormal endothelial permeability. Established intravascular NIRF imaging targets include macrophages, cathepsin protease activity, oxidized low-density lipoprotein and abnormal endothelial permeability. Structural and molecular intravascular imaging provide complementary information about plaque microstructure and biology. For this reason, integrated hybrid catheters that combine NIRF-IVUS or NIRF-OCT have been developed to allow co-registration of morphological and molecular processes with a single pullback, as performed for standalone IVUS or OCT. NIRF imaging is approaching application in clinical practice. This will be accelerated by the use of FDA-approved indocyanine green (ICG), which illuminates lipid- and macrophage-rich zones of permeable atheroma. The ability to comprehensively phenotype coronary pathobiology in patients will enable a deeper understanding of plaque pathobiology, improve local and patient-based risk prediction, and usher in a new era of personalized therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haitham Khraishah
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Division of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Center and Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Farouc A Jaffer
- Division of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Center and Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Wellman Center for Photomedicine and Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| |
Collapse
|