1
|
Sun J, Li W, Lu Y, Zhou Z, Tian L, Si T, Wang Z, Xu Y, Sun D, Chen CH, Yang M. Size and shape control of microgel-encapsulating tumor spheroid via a user-friendly solenoid valve-based sorter and its application on precise drug testing. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 264:116614. [PMID: 39126904 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2024.116614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
The precision of previous cancer research based on tumor spheroids, especially the microgel-encapsulating tumor spheroids, was limited by the high heterogeneity in the tumor spheroid size and shape. Here, we reported a user-friendly solenoid valve-based sorter to reduce this heterogeneity. The artificial intelligence algorithm was employed to detect and segmentate the tumor spheroids in real-time for the size and shape calculation. A simple off-chip solenoid valve-based sorting actuation module was proposed to sort out target tumor spheroids with the desired size and shape. Utilizing the developed sorter, we successfully uncovered the drug response variations on cisplatin of lung tumor spheroids in the same population but with different sizes and shapes. Moreover, with this sorter, the precision of drug testing on the spheroid population level was improved to a level comparable to the precise but complex single spheroid analysis. The developed sorter also exhibits significant potential for organoid morphology and sorting for precision medicine research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Sun
- Department of Precision Diagnostic and Therapeutic Technology, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Futian Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518057, China; Department of Biomedical Sciences, and Tung Biomedical Sciences Centre, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wenxiu Li
- Department of Precision Diagnostic and Therapeutic Technology, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Futian Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518057, China; Department of Biomedical Sciences, and Tung Biomedical Sciences Centre, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yanjun Lu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Zhengdong Zhou
- Department of Precision Diagnostic and Therapeutic Technology, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Futian Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518057, China; Department of Biomedical Sciences, and Tung Biomedical Sciences Centre, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China; Key Laboratory of Biochip Technology, Biotech and Health Centre, Shenzhen Research Institute of City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Li Tian
- Department of Precision Diagnostic and Therapeutic Technology, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Futian Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518057, China; Department of Biomedical Sciences, and Tung Biomedical Sciences Centre, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China; Key Laboratory of Biochip Technology, Biotech and Health Centre, Shenzhen Research Institute of City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Tongxu Si
- Department of Precision Diagnostic and Therapeutic Technology, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Futian Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518057, China; Department of Biomedical Sciences, and Tung Biomedical Sciences Centre, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Zesheng Wang
- Department of Precision Diagnostic and Therapeutic Technology, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Futian Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518057, China; Department of Biomedical Sciences, and Tung Biomedical Sciences Centre, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ying Xu
- Department of Precision Diagnostic and Therapeutic Technology, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Futian Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518057, China; Department of Biomedical Engineering, and Tung Biomedical Sciences Centre, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Dong Sun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chia-Hung Chen
- Department of Precision Diagnostic and Therapeutic Technology, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Futian Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518057, China; Department of Biomedical Engineering, and Tung Biomedical Sciences Centre, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Mengsu Yang
- Department of Precision Diagnostic and Therapeutic Technology, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Futian Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518057, China; Department of Biomedical Sciences, and Tung Biomedical Sciences Centre, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China; Key Laboratory of Biochip Technology, Biotech and Health Centre, Shenzhen Research Institute of City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kim H, Kim B, Kim SJ, Choi Y, Kim IHR, Han J, Park YG, Han YM, Park JK. Reconfigurable Hanging Drop Microarray Platform for On-Demand Preparation and Analysis of Spheroid Array. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2400501. [PMID: 38817106 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202400501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
In response to the increasing demand for spheroid-based cancer research, the importance of developing integrated platforms that can simultaneously facilitate high-throughput spheroid production and multiplexed analysis is emphasized. In addition, the understanding of how the size and cellular composition of tumors directly influence their internal structures and functionalities underlines the critical need to produce spheroids of diverse sizes and compositions on a large scale. To address this rising demand, this work presents a configurable and linkable in vitro three-dimensional (3D) cell culture kit (CLiCK) for spheroids, termed CLiCK-Spheroid. This platform consists of three primary components: a hanging drop microarray (HDMA), a concave pillar microarray (CPMA), and gradient blocks. The HDMA alone produces a homogeneous spheroid array, while its combination with the gradient block enables one-step generation of a size-gradient spheroid array. Using the size-gradient spheroid arrays, the occurrence of necrotic cores based on spheroid size is demonstrated. Additionally, spheroids in a single batch can be conveniently compartmentalized and regrouped using a CPMA, enhancing the versatility of spheroid arrays and enabling multiplexed drug treatments. By combining the different assembly methods, this work has achieved high-throughput production of cell composition-gradient spheroid arrays, with noticeable variations in morphology and vascularization based on cell compositions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hwisoo Kim
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Bumsoo Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Jee Kim
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Yejin Choi
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Irene Hae-Rim Kim
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jieun Han
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Gyun Park
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Mahn Han
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Je-Kyun Park
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- KI for Health Science and Technology, KAIST Institutes (KI), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- KI for NanoCentury, KAIST Institutes (KI), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lin Y, Wu Z, Zheng Y, Wang X, Lin JM, Hou Y, Li N, Xing G, Lin L. Microfluidic Engineering of Addressable Multicompartmental Microspheres for Multicellular Systems. Anal Chem 2024. [PMID: 39150516 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c03544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
With the advantages of high-throughput manufacturing and customizability, on-microsphere construction of in vitro multicellular analytical systems has garnered significant attention. However, achieving a precise, biocompatible cell arrangement and spatial signal analysis in hydrogel microspheres remains challenging. In this work, a microfluidic method is reported for the biocompatible generation of addressable supersegmented multicompartmental microspheres. Additionally, these microspheres are developed as novel label-free multicellular systems. In the microfluidic approach, controllable microfluidics is used to finely tune the internal microstructure of the microspheres, and the gas ejector ensures the biocompatibility of the preparation process. As a proof of concept, six- and twenty-compartment microspheres were obtained without the addition of any biohazardous reagents. For microsphere decoding, the visualization of two basic compartments can provide clues for identifying label-free cells due to the structural regularity of the microspheres. Finally, by encapsulating cells of different types, these microspheres as multicellular systems were successfully used for cell coculture and drug testing. These biocompatible, scalable, and analyzable microspheres will open up new prospects for biomedical analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongning Lin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Zengnan Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yajing Zheng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xiaorui Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Health for the elderly, Department of Bioengineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Jin-Ming Lin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Ying Hou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Nan Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Gaowa Xing
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Ling Lin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Health for the elderly, Department of Bioengineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yau JNN, Yempala T, Muthuramalingam RPK, Giustarini G, Teng G, Ang WH, Gibson D, Adriani G, Pastorin G. Fluorescence-Guided Spatial Drug Screening in 3D Colorectal Cancer Spheroids. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2400203. [PMID: 38774999 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202400203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
The limited recapitulation of critical cancer features in 2D cultures causes poor translatability of preclinical results from in vitro assays to in vivo tumor models. This contributes to slow drug development with a low success rate. 3D cultures better recapitulate the tumor microenvironment, enabling more accurate predictions when screening drug candidates and improving the development of chemotherapeutics. Platinum (Pt) (IV) compounds are promising prodrugs designed to reduce the severe systemic toxicity of widely used Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved Pt(II) drugs such as cisplatin. Here, this work presents spatiotemporal evaluations in 3D colorectal cancer (CRC) spheroids of mitochondria-targeting Pt(IV) complexes. CRC spheroids provide a greater pathophysiological recapitulation of in vivo tumors than 2D cultures by a marked upregulation of the ABCG2 chemoresistance marker expression. Furthermore, new 3D-staining protocols are introduced to evaluate the real-time decrease in mitochondria membrane potential (ΔΨ) in CRC spheroids, and a Pt-sensing dye to quantify the Pt mitochondrial accumulation. Finally, this work demonstrates a correlation between in vitro results and the efficacy of the compounds in vivo. Overall, the CRC spheroids represent a fast and cost-effective model to assess the behavior of Pt compounds in vitro and predict their translational potential in CRC treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Ning Nicolette Yau
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117544, Singapore
- Integrative Sciences and Engineering Programme, NUS Graduate School, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119077, Singapore
| | - Thirumal Yempala
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117544, Singapore
| | - Ram Pravin Kumar Muthuramalingam
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117544, Singapore
| | - Giulio Giustarini
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore, 138648, Singapore
| | - Germaine Teng
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore, 138648, Singapore
| | - Wee Han Ang
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117544, Singapore
| | - Dan Gibson
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 91120, Israel
| | - Giulia Adriani
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore, 138648, Singapore
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineerin, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117578, Singapore
| | - Giorgia Pastorin
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117544, Singapore
- Integrative Sciences and Engineering Programme, NUS Graduate School, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119077, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Jain S, Belkadi H, Michaut A, Sart S, Gros J, Genet M, Baroud CN. Using a micro-device with a deformable ceiling to probe stiffness heterogeneities within 3D cell aggregates. Biofabrication 2024; 16:035010. [PMID: 38447213 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ad30c7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Recent advances in the field of mechanobiology have led to the development of methods to characterise single-cell or monolayer mechanical properties and link them to their functional behaviour. However, there remains a strong need to establish this link for three-dimensional (3D) multicellular aggregates, which better mimic tissue function. Here we present a platform to actuate and observe many such aggregates within one deformable micro-device. The platform consists of a single polydimethylsiloxane piece cast on a 3D-printed mould and bonded to a glass slide or coverslip. It consists of a chamber containing cell spheroids, which is adjacent to air cavities that are fluidically independent. Controlling the air pressure in these air cavities leads to a vertical displacement of the chamber's ceiling. The device can be used in static or dynamic modes over time scales of seconds to hours, with displacement amplitudes from a fewµm to several tens of microns. Further, we show how the compression protocols can be used to obtain measurements of stiffness heterogeneities within individual co-culture spheroids, by comparing image correlations of spheroids at different levels of compression with finite element simulations. The labelling of the cells and their cytoskeleton is combined with image correlation methods to relate the structure of the co-culture spheroid with its mechanical properties at different locations. The device is compatible with various microscopy techniques, including confocal microscopy, which can be used to observe the displacements and rearrangements of single cells and neighbourhoods within the aggregate. The complete experimental and imaging platform can now be used to provide multi-scale measurements that link single-cell behaviour with the global mechanical response of the aggregates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shreyansh Jain
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Physical Microfluidics and Bioengineering, 25-28 Rue du Dr Roux, 75015 Paris, France
- Laboratoire d' Hydrodynamique (LadHyX), CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - Hiba Belkadi
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Physical Microfluidics and Bioengineering, 25-28 Rue du Dr Roux, 75015 Paris, France
- Laboratoire d' Hydrodynamique (LadHyX), CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - Arthur Michaut
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Dynamic Regulation of Morphogenesis, 25-28 Rue du Dr Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Sébastien Sart
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Physical Microfluidics and Bioengineering, 25-28 Rue du Dr Roux, 75015 Paris, France
- Laboratoire d' Hydrodynamique (LadHyX), CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - Jérôme Gros
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Dynamic Regulation of Morphogenesis, 25-28 Rue du Dr Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Martin Genet
- Laboratoire de Mécanique des Solides, CNRS, École Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91128 Palaiseau, France
- Inria, Palaiseau, France
| | - Charles N Baroud
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Physical Microfluidics and Bioengineering, 25-28 Rue du Dr Roux, 75015 Paris, France
- Laboratoire d' Hydrodynamique (LadHyX), CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91128 Palaiseau, France
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Li X, Zhao D, Wang Y, Huang H. Droplet-based cell-laden microgels for high-throughput analysis. Trends Biotechnol 2024; 42:397-401. [PMID: 37953082 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2023.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Cell-laden droplet microfluidics has revolutionized bulk biochemical analysis by offering compartmentalized microreactors for individual cells, but downstream operations of regular aqueous droplets are limited. Hydrogel matrix can provide a rigid scaffold for long-term culture of eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells, and can support several manipulations, facilitating subsequent high-throughput analysis of cellular heterogeneity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210046, China
| | - Danshan Zhao
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210046, China
| | - Yuetong Wang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210046, China.
| | - He Huang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210046, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Suryavanshi P, Bodas D. Knockout cancer by nano-delivered immunotherapy using perfusion-aided scaffold-based tumor-on-a-chip. Nanotheranostics 2024; 8:380-400. [PMID: 38751938 PMCID: PMC11093718 DOI: 10.7150/ntno.87818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a multifactorial disease produced by mutations in the oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes, which result in uncontrolled cell proliferation and resistance to cell death. Cancer progresses due to the escape of altered cells from immune monitoring, which is facilitated by the tumor's mutual interaction with its microenvironment. Understanding the mechanisms involved in immune surveillance evasion and the significance of the tumor microenvironment might thus aid in developing improved therapies. Although in vivo models are commonly utilized, they could be better for time, cost, and ethical concerns. As a result, it is critical to replicate an in vivo model and recreate the cellular and tissue-level functionalities. A 3D cell culture, which gives a 3D architecture similar to that found in vivo, is an appropriate model. Furthermore, numerous cell types can be cocultured, establishing cellular interactions between TME and tumor cells. Moreover, microfluidics perfusion can provide precision flow rates, thus simulating tissue/organ function. Immunotherapy can be used with the perfused 3D cell culture technique to help develop successful therapeutics. Immunotherapy employing nano delivery can target the spot and silence the responsible genes, ensuring treatment effectiveness while minimizing adverse effects. This study focuses on the importance of 3D cell culture in understanding the pathophysiology of 3D tumors and TME, the function of TME in drug resistance, tumor progression, and the development of advanced anticancer therapies for high-throughput drug screening.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Suryavanshi
- Nanobioscience Group, Agharkar Research Institute, G.G. Agarkar Road, Pune 411 004 India
- Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind Road, Pune 411 007 India
| | - Dhananjay Bodas
- Nanobioscience Group, Agharkar Research Institute, G.G. Agarkar Road, Pune 411 004 India
- Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind Road, Pune 411 007 India
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Bonnet V, Maikranz E, Madec M, Vertti-Quintero N, Cuche C, Mastrogiovanni M, Alcover A, Di Bartolo V, Baroud CN. Cancer-on-a-chip model shows that the adenomatous polyposis coli mutation impairs T cell engagement and killing of cancer spheroids. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2316500121. [PMID: 38442157 PMCID: PMC10945811 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2316500121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Evaluating the ability of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) to eliminate tumor cells is crucial, for instance, to predict the efficiency of cell therapy in personalized medicine. However, the destruction of a tumor by CTLs involves CTL migration in the extra-tumoral environment, accumulation on the tumor, antigen recognition, and cooperation in killing the cancer cells. Therefore, identifying the limiting steps in this complex process requires spatio-temporal measurements of different cellular events over long periods. Here, we use a cancer-on-a-chip platform to evaluate the impact of adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) mutation on CTL migration and cytotoxicity against 3D tumor spheroids. The APC mutated CTLs are found to have a reduced ability to destroy tumor spheroids compared with control cells, even though APC mutants migrate in the extra-tumoral space and accumulate on the spheroids as efficiently as control cells. Once in contact with the tumor however, mutated CTLs display reduced engagement with the cancer cells, as measured by a metric that distinguishes different modes of CTL migration. Realigning the CTL trajectories around localized killing cascades reveals that all CTLs transition to high engagement in the 2 h preceding the cascades, which confirms that the low engagement is the cause of reduced cytotoxicity. Beyond the study of APC mutations, this platform offers a robust way to compare cytotoxic cell efficiency of even closely related cell types, by relying on a multiscale cytometry approach to disentangle complex interactions and to identify the steps that limit the tumor destruction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Bonnet
- Institut Pasteur, Department of Genomes and Genetics, Université Paris Cité, Physical Microfluidics and Bioengineering, ParisF-75015, France
- LadHyX, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Palaiseau91120, France
| | - Erik Maikranz
- Institut Pasteur, Department of Genomes and Genetics, Université Paris Cité, Physical Microfluidics and Bioengineering, ParisF-75015, France
- LadHyX, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Palaiseau91120, France
| | - Marianne Madec
- Unité Biologie Cellulaire des Lymphocytes, Institut Pasteur, Department of immunology, Université Paris Cité, INSERM-U1224, Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Équipe Labellisée Ligue 2018, ParisF-75015, France
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva 4CH-1211, Switzerland
| | - Nadia Vertti-Quintero
- Institut Pasteur, Department of Genomes and Genetics, Université Paris Cité, Physical Microfluidics and Bioengineering, ParisF-75015, France
| | - Céline Cuche
- Unité Biologie Cellulaire des Lymphocytes, Institut Pasteur, Department of immunology, Université Paris Cité, INSERM-U1224, Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Équipe Labellisée Ligue 2018, ParisF-75015, France
| | - Marta Mastrogiovanni
- Unité Biologie Cellulaire des Lymphocytes, Institut Pasteur, Department of immunology, Université Paris Cité, INSERM-U1224, Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Équipe Labellisée Ligue 2018, ParisF-75015, France
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, New York, NY10461
| | - Andrés Alcover
- Unité Biologie Cellulaire des Lymphocytes, Institut Pasteur, Department of immunology, Université Paris Cité, INSERM-U1224, Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Équipe Labellisée Ligue 2018, ParisF-75015, France
| | - Vincenzo Di Bartolo
- Unité Biologie Cellulaire des Lymphocytes, Institut Pasteur, Department of immunology, Université Paris Cité, INSERM-U1224, Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Équipe Labellisée Ligue 2018, ParisF-75015, France
| | - Charles N. Baroud
- Institut Pasteur, Department of Genomes and Genetics, Université Paris Cité, Physical Microfluidics and Bioengineering, ParisF-75015, France
- LadHyX, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Palaiseau91120, France
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Jiang L, Guo K, Chen Y, Xiang N. Droplet Microfluidics for Current Cancer Research: From Single-Cell Analysis to 3D Cell Culture. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2024; 10:1335-1354. [PMID: 38420753 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c01866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Cancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide. Differences in drug resistance and treatment response caused by the heterogeneity of cancer cells are the primary reasons for poor cancer therapy outcomes in patients. In addition, current in vitro anticancer drug-screening methods rely on two-dimensional monolayer-cultured cancer cells, which cannot accurately predict drug behavior in vivo. Therefore, a powerful tool to study the heterogeneity of cancer cells and produce effective in vitro tumor models is warranted to leverage cancer research. Droplet microfluidics has become a powerful platform for the single-cell analysis of cancer cells and three-dimensional cell culture of in vitro tumor spheroids. In this review, we discuss the use of droplet microfluidics in cancer research. Droplet microfluidic technologies, including single- or double-emulsion droplet generation and passive- or active-droplet manipulation, are concisely discussed. Recent advances in droplet microfluidics for single-cell analysis of cancer cells, circulating tumor cells, and scaffold-free/based 3D cell culture of tumor spheroids have been systematically introduced. Finally, the challenges that must be overcome for the further application of droplet microfluidics in cancer research are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Jiang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Kefan Guo
- School of Mechanical Engineering, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Yao Chen
- School of Mechanical Engineering, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Nan Xiang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Liu H, Ye J, Hu H, Song Y, Qiang H, Wang J, Zhou L, Wang X, Fei X, Zhu M. 3D stem cell spheroids with urchin-like hydroxyapatite microparticles enhance osteogenesis of stem cells. J Mater Chem B 2024; 12:1232-1243. [PMID: 38165170 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb02453a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Cell therapy (also known as cell transplantation) has been considered promising as a next-generation living-cell therapy strategy to surpass the effects of traditional drugs. However, their practical clinical uses and product conversion are hampered by the unsatisfied viability and efficacy of the transplanted cells. Herein, we propose a synergistic enhancement strategy to address these issues by constructing 3D stem cell spheroids integrated with urchin-like hydroxyapatite microparticles (uHA). Specifically, cell-sized uHA microparticles were synthesized via a simple hydrothermal method using glutamic acid (Glu, E) as the co-template with good biocompatibility and structural antimicrobial performance (denoted as E-uHA). Combining with a hanging drop method, stem cell spheroids integrated with E-uHA were successfully obtained by culturing bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) with a low concentration of the E-uHA suspensions (10 μg mL-1). The resulting composite spheroids of BMSCs/E-uHA deliver a high cellular viability, migration activity, and a superior osteogenic property compared to the 2D cultured counterpart or other BMSC spheroids. This work provides an effective strategy for integrating a secondary bio-functional component into stem cell spheroids for designing more cell therapy options with boosted cellular viability and therapeutic effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
| | - Jianxin Ye
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Hui Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
| | - Yuheng Song
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
| | - Huijun Qiang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
| | - Junjun Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
| | - Lei Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Xuefen Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
| | - Xiang Fei
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Meifang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Trossbach M, Åkerlund E, Langer K, Seashore-Ludlow B, Joensson HN. High-throughput cell spheroid production and assembly analysis by microfluidics and deep learning. SLAS Technol 2023; 28:423-432. [PMID: 36990352 DOI: 10.1016/j.slast.2023.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
3D cell culture models are important tools in translational research but have been out of reach for high-throughput screening due to complexity, requirement of large cell numbers and inadequate standardization. Microfluidics and culture model miniaturization technologies could overcome these challenges. Here, we present a high-throughput workflow to produce and characterize the formation of miniaturized spheroids using deep learning. We train a convolutional neural network (CNN) for cell ensemble morphology classification for droplet microfluidic minispheroid production, benchmark it against more conventional image analysis, and characterize minispheroid assembly determining optimal surfactant concentrations and incubation times for minispheroid production for three cell lines with different spheroid formation properties. Notably, this format is compatible with large-scale spheroid production and screening. The presented workflow and CNN offer a template for large scale minispheroid production and analysis and can be extended and re-trained to characterize morphological responses in spheroids to additives, culture conditions and large drug libraries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Trossbach
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, and Science for Life Laboratory, Sweden.
| | - Emma Åkerlund
- Karolinska Institutet, and Science for Life Laboratory, Sweden
| | - Krzysztof Langer
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, and Science for Life Laboratory, Sweden; Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, United States
| | | | - Haakan N Joensson
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, and Science for Life Laboratory, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Wu B, Xu X, Li G, Yang X, Du F, Tan W, Wang J, Dong S, Luo J, Wang X, Cao Z. High-Throughput Microfluidic Production of Droplets and Hydrogel Microspheres through Monolithically Integrated Microchannel Plates. Anal Chem 2023; 95:13586-13595. [PMID: 37624148 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c02250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we present a highly effective microfluidic emulsion system using an integrated microchannel plate (MCP), a porous glass membrane that is readily available and densely packs millions of through-microchannels, for high-throughput production of monodisperse droplets. The physical controls of droplet formation, including viscosity, flow rate, and pore size, have been extensively explored for optimum emulsification conditions. The performance of the device has been validated where monodisperse droplets with a narrow coefficient of variance (<5%) can be achieved at a dispersed phase flux of 3 mL h-1 from a piece of 4 × 4 mm2 MCP. The average droplet size is two times the nominal membrane pore diameter and thus can be easily controlled by choosing the appropriate membrane type. The preparation of hydrogel microspheres has also been demonstrated with a high throughput of 1.5 × 106 particles min-1. These microspheres with a uniform size range and rough surface morphology provide suitable bioenvironments and serve as ideal carriers for cell culture. Mouse fibroblasts are shown to be cultured on these 3D scaffolds with an average cell viability of over 96%. The cell attachment rate can reach up to 112 ± 7% in 24 h and the proliferation ability increases with the number of culture days. Furthermore, the device has been applied in the droplet digital polymerase chain reaction for absolute quantification of lung cancer-related PLAU genes. The detection limit achieved was noted to be 0.5 copies/μL with a dynamic range of 105 ranging from 1 × 102 to 1 × 106 copies/μL. Given the easy fabrication, robust performance, and simple operation, the emulsion system sets the stage for the laboratory's droplet-based assays and applications in tissue engineering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Boxuan Wu
- College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
- International Joint Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Haining 314400, P. R. China
| | - Xuefeng Xu
- College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Guangyang Li
- College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Xi Yang
- College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Feiya Du
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, P. R. China
| | - Weiqiang Tan
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310016, P. R. China
| | - Jianmin Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Key Laboratory of Reproductive Dysfunction Management of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310016, P. R. China
| | - Shurong Dong
- College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
- International Joint Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Haining 314400, P. R. China
| | - Jikui Luo
- College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
- International Joint Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Haining 314400, P. R. China
| | - Xiaozhi Wang
- College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Cao
- College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
- International Joint Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Haining 314400, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Morán MDC, Cirisano F, Ferrari M. Spheroid Formation and Recovery Using Superhydrophobic Coating for Regenerative Purposes. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2226. [PMID: 37765195 PMCID: PMC10538210 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15092226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell therapies commonly pursue tissue stimulation for regenerative purposes by replacing cell numbers or supplying for functional deficiencies. To this aim, monodispersed cells are usually transplanted for incorporation by local injection. The limitations of this strategy include poor success associated with cell death, insufficient retention, or cell damage due to shear forces associated with the injection. Spheroids have recently emerged as a model that mimics an in vivo environment with more representative cell-to-cell interactions and better intercellular communication. Nevertheless, cost-effective and lab friendly fabrication and effectively performed recovery are challenges that restrict the broad application of spheroids. In this work, glass surfaces were modified with an environmentally friendly superhydrophobic coating. The superhydrophobic surfaces were used for the 3D spheroid preparation of fibroblasts (3T3 cell line) and keratinocytes (HaCaT cell line). The effectiveness of the spheroids to be recovered and grown under 2D culture conditions was evaluated. The morphology of the migrated cells from the 3D spheroids was characterized at the nano-microscale through 3D profilometry. The results demonstrated improved adhesion and proliferation in the migrated cells, both advanced properties for regenerative applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María del Carmen Morán
- Departament de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Secció de Fisiologia—Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l’Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Avda. Joan XXIII, 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia—IN2UB, Universitat de Barcelona, Avda. Diagonal, 645, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesca Cirisano
- CNR-ICMATE Istituto di Chimica della Materia Condensata e di Tecnologie per l’Energia, Via De Marini, 6, 16149 Genova, Italy;
| | - Michele Ferrari
- Institut de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia—IN2UB, Universitat de Barcelona, Avda. Diagonal, 645, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- CNR-ICMATE Istituto di Chimica della Materia Condensata e di Tecnologie per l’Energia, Via De Marini, 6, 16149 Genova, Italy;
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Fevre R, Mary G, Vertti-Quintero N, Durand A, Tomasi RFX, Del Nery E, Baroud CN. Combinatorial drug screening on 3D Ewing sarcoma spheroids using droplet-based microfluidics. iScience 2023; 26:106651. [PMID: 37168549 PMCID: PMC10165258 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Culturing and screening cells in microfluidics, particularly in three-dimensional formats, has the potential to impact diverse areas from fundamental biology to cancer precision medicine. Here, we use a platform based on anchored droplets for drug screening. The response of spheroids of Ewing sarcoma (EwS) A673 cells to simultaneous or sequential combinations of etoposide and cisplatin was evaluated. This was done by culturing spheroids of EwS cells inside 500 nL droplets then merging them with secondary droplets containing fluorescent-barcoded drugs at different concentrations. Differences in EwS spheroid growth and viability were measured by microscopy. After drug exposure such measurements enabled estimation of their IC50 values, which were in agreement with values obtained in standard multiwell plates. Then, synergistic drug combination was evaluated. Sequential combination treatment of EwS with etoposide applied 24 h before cisplatin resulted in amplified synergistic effect. As such, droplet-based microfluidics offers the modularity required for evaluation of drug combinations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Romain Fevre
- Laboratoire d’ Hydrodynamique (LadHyX), CNRS, EcolePolytechnique, InstitutPolytechnique de Paris, 91128 Palaiseau, France
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Physical microfluidics and Bioengineering, 25-28 Rue du Dr. Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Gaëtan Mary
- Okomera, iPEPS, the HealthTech Hub, Paris Brain Institute, HôpitalPitiéSalpêtrière, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Nadia Vertti-Quintero
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Physical microfluidics and Bioengineering, 25-28 Rue du Dr. Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Aude Durand
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Physical microfluidics and Bioengineering, 25-28 Rue du Dr. Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Raphaël F.-X. Tomasi
- Laboratoire d’ Hydrodynamique (LadHyX), CNRS, EcolePolytechnique, InstitutPolytechnique de Paris, 91128 Palaiseau, France
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Physical microfluidics and Bioengineering, 25-28 Rue du Dr. Roux, 75015 Paris, France
- Okomera, iPEPS, the HealthTech Hub, Paris Brain Institute, HôpitalPitiéSalpêtrière, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Elaine Del Nery
- Biophenics High-Content Screening Laboratory, Translational Research Department, PICT-IBiSA, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, 75005 Paris, France
- Corresponding author
| | - Charles N. Baroud
- Laboratoire d’ Hydrodynamique (LadHyX), CNRS, EcolePolytechnique, InstitutPolytechnique de Paris, 91128 Palaiseau, France
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Physical microfluidics and Bioengineering, 25-28 Rue du Dr. Roux, 75015 Paris, France
- Corresponding author
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Shevchuk O, Palii S, Pak A, Chantada N, Seoane N, Korda M, Campos-Toimil M, Álvarez E. Vessel-on-a-Chip: A Powerful Tool for Investigating Endothelial COVID-19 Fingerprints. Cells 2023; 12:cells12091297. [PMID: 37174696 PMCID: PMC10177552 DOI: 10.3390/cells12091297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) causes various vascular and blood-related reactions, including exacerbated responses. The role of endothelial cells in this acute response is remarkable and may remain important beyond the acute phase. As we move into a post-COVID-19 era (where most people have been or will be infected by the SARS-CoV-2 virus), it is crucial to define the vascular consequences of COVID-19, including the long-term effects on the cardiovascular system. Research is needed to determine whether chronic endothelial dysfunction following COVID-19 could lead to an increased risk of cardiovascular and thrombotic events. Endothelial dysfunction could also serve as a diagnostic and therapeutic target for post-COVID-19. This review covers these topics and examines the potential of emerging vessel-on-a-chip technology to address these needs. Vessel-on-a-chip would allow for the study of COVID-19 pathophysiology in endothelial cells, including the analysis of SARS-CoV-2 interactions with endothelial function, leukocyte recruitment, and platelet activation. "Personalization" could be implemented in the models through induced pluripotent stem cells, patient-specific characteristics, or genetic modified cells. Adaptation for massive testing under standardized protocols is now possible, so the chips could be incorporated for the personalized follow-up of the disease or its sequalae (long COVID) and for the research of new drugs against COVID-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oksana Shevchuk
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, 46001 Ternopil, Ukraine
| | - Svitlana Palii
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, 46001 Ternopil, Ukraine
| | - Anastasiia Pak
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, 46001 Ternopil, Ukraine
| | - Nuria Chantada
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Nuria Seoane
- Physiology and Pharmacology of Chronic Diseases (FIFAEC) Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CiMUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Mykhaylo Korda
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, 46001 Ternopil, Ukraine
| | - Manuel Campos-Toimil
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Physiology and Pharmacology of Chronic Diseases (FIFAEC) Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CiMUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ezequiel Álvarez
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), SERGAS, Travesía da Choupana s/n, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- CIBERCV, Institute of Health Carlos III, 28220 Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Cossec JC, Traboulsi T, Sart S, Loe-Mie Y, Guthmann M, Hendriks IA, Theurillat I, Nielsen ML, Torres-Padilla ME, Baroud CN, Dejean A. Transient suppression of SUMOylation in embryonic stem cells generates embryo-like structures. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112380. [PMID: 37061916 PMCID: PMC10157296 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in synthetic embryology have opened new avenues for understanding the complex events controlling mammalian peri-implantation development. Here, we show that mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) solely exposed to chemical inhibition of SUMOylation generate embryo-like structures comprising anterior neural and trunk-associated regions. HypoSUMOylation-instructed ESCs give rise to spheroids that self-organize into gastrulating structures containing cell types spatially and functionally related to embryonic and extraembryonic compartments. Alternatively, spheroids cultured in a droplet microfluidic device form elongated structures that undergo axial organization reminiscent of natural embryo morphogenesis. Single-cell transcriptomics reveals various cellular lineages, including properly positioned anterior neuronal cell types and paraxial mesoderm segmented into somite-like structures. Transient SUMOylation suppression gradually increases DNA methylation genome wide and repressive mark deposition at Nanog. Interestingly, cell-to-cell variations in SUMOylation levels occur during early embryogenesis. Our approach provides a proof of principle for potentially powerful strategies to explore early embryogenesis by targeting chromatin roadblocks of cell fate change.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jack-Christophe Cossec
- Nuclear Organization and Oncogenesis Unit, Department of Cell Biology and Infection, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, 75015 Paris, France; INSERM, U993, 75015 Paris, France.
| | - Tatiana Traboulsi
- Nuclear Organization and Oncogenesis Unit, Department of Cell Biology and Infection, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, 75015 Paris, France; INSERM, U993, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Sébastien Sart
- LadHyX, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91120 Palaiseau, France; Physical Microfluidics and Bioengineering Unit, Department of Genomes and Genetics, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Yann Loe-Mie
- Nuclear Organization and Oncogenesis Unit, Department of Cell Biology and Infection, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, 75015 Paris, France; INSERM, U993, 75015 Paris, France; Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Bioinformatics and Biostatistics HUB, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Manuel Guthmann
- Institute of Epigenetics and Stem Cells, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 81377 München, Germany
| | - Ivo A Hendriks
- Proteomics Program, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ilan Theurillat
- Nuclear Organization and Oncogenesis Unit, Department of Cell Biology and Infection, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, 75015 Paris, France; INSERM, U993, 75015 Paris, France; Sorbonne Université, Collège Doctoral, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Michael L Nielsen
- Proteomics Program, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maria-Elena Torres-Padilla
- Institute of Epigenetics and Stem Cells, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 81377 München, Germany; Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 81377 München, Germany
| | - Charles N Baroud
- LadHyX, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91120 Palaiseau, France; Physical Microfluidics and Bioengineering Unit, Department of Genomes and Genetics, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Anne Dejean
- Nuclear Organization and Oncogenesis Unit, Department of Cell Biology and Infection, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, 75015 Paris, France; INSERM, U993, 75015 Paris, France.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Tian Y, Hu R, Du G, Xu N. Microfluidic Chips: Emerging Technologies for Adoptive Cell Immunotherapy. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:877. [PMID: 37421109 DOI: 10.3390/mi14040877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
Adoptive cell therapy (ACT) is a personalized therapy that has shown great success in treating hematologic malignancies in clinic, and has also demonstrated potential applications for solid tumors. The process of ACT involves multiple steps, including the separation of desired cells from patient tissues, cell engineering by virus vector systems, and infusion back into patients after strict tests to guarantee the quality and safety of the products. ACT is an innovative medicine in development; however, the multi-step method is time-consuming and costly, and the preparation of the targeted adoptive cells remains a challenge. Microfluidic chips are a novel platform with the advantages of manipulating fluid in micro/nano scales, and have been developed for various biological research applications as well as ACT. The use of microfluidics to isolate, screen, and incubate cells in vitro has the advantages of high throughput, low cell damage, and fast amplification rates, which can greatly simplify ACT preparation steps and reduce costs. Moreover, the customizable microfluidic chips fit the personalized demands of ACT. In this mini-review, we describe the advantages and applications of microfluidic chips for cell sorting, cell screening, and cell culture in ACT compared to other existing methods. Finally, we discuss the challenges and potential outcomes of future microfluidics-related work in ACT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yishen Tian
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Rong Hu
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Guangshi Du
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Na Xu
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, College of Life Sciences and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Functional precision oncology using patient-derived assays: bridging genotype and phenotype. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2023; 20:305-317. [PMID: 36914745 DOI: 10.1038/s41571-023-00745-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
Genomics-based precision medicine has revolutionized oncology but also has inherent limitations. Functional precision oncology is emerging as a complementary approach that aims to bridge the gap between genotype and phenotype by modelling individual tumours in vitro. These patient-derived ex vivo models largely preserve several tumour characteristics that are not captured by genomics approaches and enable the functional dissection of tumour vulnerabilities in a personalized manner. In this Review, we discuss several examples of personalized functional assays involving tumour organoids, spheroids and explants and their potential to predict treatment responses and drug-induced toxicities in individual patients. These developments have opened exciting new avenues for precision oncology, with the potential for successful clinical applications in contexts in which genomic data alone are not informative. To implement these assays into clinical practice, we outline four key barriers that need to be overcome: assay success rates, turnaround times, the need for standardized conditions and the definition of in vitro responders. Furthermore, we discuss novel technological advances such as microfluidics that might reduce sample requirements, assay times and labour intensity and thereby enable functional precision oncology to be implemented in routine clinical practice.
Collapse
|
19
|
Yu N, Zhang F, Tang X, Liu Y, Zhang J, Yang B, Wang Q. Hierarchical hydrogel microarrays fabricated based on a microfluidic printing platform for high-throughput screening of stem cell lineage specification. Acta Biomater 2023; 161:144-153. [PMID: 36868445 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.02.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
2D cell cultures are suitable for rapid exploration of the factors in the extracellular matrix affecting the development of cells. The technology of the micrometre-sized hydrogel array provides a feasible, miniaturized, and high-throughput strategy for the process. However, current microarray devices lack a handy and parallelized methodology in sample treatment, which makes the process of high-throughput cell screening (HTCS) expensive and inefficient. Here, based on the functionalization of micro-nano structures and the fluid control capability of microfluidic chips, we build a microfluidic spotting-screening platform (MSSP). The MSSP can print 20000 microdroplet spots within 5 min, coupled with a simple strategy for parallel addition of compound libraries. Compared with open microdroplet arrays, the MSSP can control the evaporation rate of nanoliter droplets, providing a stable fabrication platform for hydrogel-microarray-based materials. As a proof-of-concept demonstration, the MSSP successfully controlled the adhesion, adipogenic, and osteogenic differentiation behavior of mesenchymal stem cells by rationally designing the substrate stiffness, adhesion area, and cell density. We anticipate that the MSSP may provide an accessible and promising tool for hydrogel-based HTCS. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: High-throughput screening of cells is a common approach to improve the efficiency of biological experiments, and one challenge of the existing technologies is to achieve rapid and precise cell screening with a low-cost and simple strategy. Through the integration of the microfluidic and micro-nanostructure technologies, we fabricated a microfluidic spotting-screening platforms. Benefiting from the flexible control of the fluids, the device can print 20000 microdroplet spots within 5 min, coupled with a simple procedure for parallel addition of compound libraries. High-throughput screening of stem cell lineage specification has also been achieved by the platform, which provides a high-throughput, high-content information extraction strategy for cell-biomaterial interaction research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nianzuo Yu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130031, PR China; Joint Laboratory of Opto-Functional Theranostics in Medicine and Chemistry, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130031, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, PR China
| | - Feiran Zhang
- Joint Laboratory of Opto-Functional Theranostics in Medicine and Chemistry, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130031, PR China
| | - Xiaoduo Tang
- Joint Laboratory of Opto-Functional Theranostics in Medicine and Chemistry, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130031, PR China
| | - Yongshun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, PR China.
| | - Junhu Zhang
- Joint Laboratory of Opto-Functional Theranostics in Medicine and Chemistry, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130031, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, PR China.
| | - Bai Yang
- Joint Laboratory of Opto-Functional Theranostics in Medicine and Chemistry, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130031, PR China
| | - Quan Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130031, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Wang Y, Liu M, Zhang Y, Liu H, Han L. Recent methods of droplet microfluidics and their applications in spheroids and organoids. LAB ON A CHIP 2023; 23:1080-1096. [PMID: 36628972 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00493c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Droplet microfluidic techniques have long been known as a high-throughput approach for cell manipulation. The capacity to compartmentalize cells into picolitre droplets in microfluidic devices has opened up a range of new ways to extract information from cells. Spheroids and organoids are crucial in vitro three-dimensional cell culture models that physiologically mimic natural tissues and organs. With the aid of developments in cell biology and materials science, droplet microfluidics has been applied to construct spheroids and organoids in numerous formats. In this article, we divide droplet microfluidic approaches for managing spheroids and organoids into three categories based on the droplet module format: liquid droplet, microparticle, and microcapsule. We discuss current advances in the use of droplet microfluidics for the generation of tumour spheroids, stem cell spheroids, and organoids, as well as the downstream applications of these methods in high-throughput screening and tissue engineering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yihe Wang
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237 P. R. China.
| | - Mengqi Liu
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237 P. R. China.
| | - Yu Zhang
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237 P. R. China.
| | - Hong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100 P. R. China.
| | - Lin Han
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237 P. R. China.
- Shandong Engineering Research Center of Biomarker and Artificial Intelligence Application, Jinan, 250100 P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Tevlek A, Kecili S, Ozcelik OS, Kulah H, Tekin HC. Spheroid Engineering in Microfluidic Devices. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:3630-3649. [PMID: 36743071 PMCID: PMC9893254 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c06052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) cell culture techniques are commonly employed to investigate biophysical and biochemical cellular responses. However, these culture methods, having monolayer cells, lack cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix interactions, mimicking the cell microenvironment and multicellular organization. Three-dimensional (3D) cell culture methods enable equal transportation of nutrients, gas, and growth factors among cells and their microenvironment. Therefore, 3D cultures show similar cell proliferation, apoptosis, and differentiation properties to in vivo. A spheroid is defined as self-assembled 3D cell aggregates, and it closely mimics a cell microenvironment in vitro thanks to cell-cell/matrix interactions, which enables its use in several important applications in medical and clinical research. To fabricate a spheroid, conventional methods such as liquid overlay, hanging drop, and so forth are available. However, these labor-intensive methods result in low-throughput fabrication and uncontrollable spheroid sizes. On the other hand, microfluidic methods enable inexpensive and rapid fabrication of spheroids with high precision. Furthermore, fabricated spheroids can also be cultured in microfluidic devices for controllable cell perfusion, simulation of fluid shear effects, and mimicking of the microenvironment-like in vivo conditions. This review focuses on recent microfluidic spheroid fabrication techniques and also organ-on-a-chip applications of spheroids, which are used in different disease modeling and drug development studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Atakan Tevlek
- METU
MEMS Research and Application Center, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Seren Kecili
- The
Department of Bioengineering, Izmir Institute
of Technology, Urla, Izmir 35430, Turkey
| | - Ozge S. Ozcelik
- The
Department of Bioengineering, Izmir Institute
of Technology, Urla, Izmir 35430, Turkey
| | - Haluk Kulah
- METU
MEMS Research and Application Center, Ankara 06800, Turkey
- The
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - H. Cumhur Tekin
- METU
MEMS Research and Application Center, Ankara 06800, Turkey
- The
Department of Bioengineering, Izmir Institute
of Technology, Urla, Izmir 35430, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Ou Y, Cao S, Zhang Y, Zhu H, Guo C, Yan W, Xin F, Dong W, Zhang Y, Narita M, Yu Z, Knowles TPJ. Bioprinting microporous functional living materials from protein-based core-shell microgels. Nat Commun 2023; 14:322. [PMID: 36658120 PMCID: PMC9852579 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35140-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Living materials bring together material science and biology to allow the engineering and augmenting of living systems with novel functionalities. Bioprinting promises accurate control over the formation of such complex materials through programmable deposition of cells in soft materials, but current approaches had limited success in fine-tuning cell microenvironments while generating robust macroscopic morphologies. Here, we address this challenge through the use of core-shell microgel ink to decouple cell microenvironments from the structural shell for further processing. Cells are microfluidically immobilized in the viscous core that can promote the formation of both microbial populations and mammalian cellular spheroids, followed by interparticle annealing to give covalently stabilized functional scaffolds with controlled microporosity. The results show that the core-shell strategy mitigates cell leakage while affording a favorable environment for cell culture. Furthermore, we demonstrate that different microbial consortia can be printed into scaffolds for a range of applications. By compartmentalizing microbial consortia in separate microgels, the collective bioprocessing capability of the scaffold is significantly enhanced, shedding light on strategies to augment living materials with bioprocessing capabilities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yangteng Ou
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu South Road, Nanjing, 211816, P. R. China
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
- Cambridge University-Nanjing Centre of Technology and Innovation, 126 Dingshan Street, Nanjing, 210046, P. R. China
| | - Shixiang Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu South Road, Nanjing, 211816, P. R. China
| | - Yang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu South Road, Nanjing, 211816, P. R. China
| | - Hongjia Zhu
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Chengzhi Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu South Road, Nanjing, 211816, P. R. China
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London, WC1E 7JE, UK
| | - Wei Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu South Road, Nanjing, 211816, P. R. China
| | - Fengxue Xin
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu South Road, Nanjing, 211816, P. R. China
| | - Weiliang Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu South Road, Nanjing, 211816, P. R. China
| | - Yanli Zhang
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Masashi Narita
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Ziyi Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu South Road, Nanjing, 211816, P. R. China.
| | - Tuomas P J Knowles
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK.
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J J Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Kim W, Gwon Y, Park S, Kim H, Kim J. Therapeutic strategies of three-dimensional stem cell spheroids and organoids for tissue repair and regeneration. Bioact Mater 2023; 19:50-74. [PMID: 35441116 PMCID: PMC8987319 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.03.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) stem cell culture systems have attracted considerable attention as a way to better mimic the complex interactions between individual cells and the extracellular matrix (ECM) that occur in vivo. Moreover, 3D cell culture systems have unique properties that help guide specific functions, growth, and processes of stem cells (e.g., embryogenesis, morphogenesis, and organogenesis). Thus, 3D stem cell culture systems that mimic in vivo environments enable basic research about various tissues and organs. In this review, we focus on the advanced therapeutic applications of stem cell-based 3D culture systems generated using different engineering techniques. Specifically, we summarize the historical advancements of 3D cell culture systems and discuss the therapeutic applications of stem cell-based spheroids and organoids, including engineering techniques for tissue repair and regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Woochan Kim
- Department of Convergence Biosystems Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
- Department of Rural and Biosystems Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in IT-Bio Convergence System, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Yonghyun Gwon
- Department of Convergence Biosystems Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
- Department of Rural and Biosystems Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in IT-Bio Convergence System, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunho Park
- Department of Convergence Biosystems Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
- Department of Rural and Biosystems Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in IT-Bio Convergence System, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoseong Kim
- Department of Convergence Biosystems Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
- Department of Rural and Biosystems Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in IT-Bio Convergence System, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Jangho Kim
- Department of Convergence Biosystems Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
- Department of Rural and Biosystems Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in IT-Bio Convergence System, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Zhu H, Roode LW, Parry AJ, Erkamp NA, Rodriguez-Garcia M, Narita M, Shen Y, Ou Y, Toprakcioglu Z, Narita M, Knowles TP. Core–Shell Spheroid‐Laden Microgels Crosslinked under Biocompatible Conditions for Probing Cancer‐Stromal Communication. ADVANCED NANOBIOMED RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/anbr.202200138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hongjia Zhu
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry University of Cambridge Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
| | - Lianne W.Y. Roode
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry University of Cambridge Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
| | - Aled J. Parry
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute University of Cambridge Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way Cambridge CB2 0RE UK
| | - Nadia A. Erkamp
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry University of Cambridge Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
| | - Marc Rodriguez-Garcia
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry University of Cambridge Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
| | - Masako Narita
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute University of Cambridge Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way Cambridge CB2 0RE UK
| | - Yi Shen
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry University of Cambridge Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
| | - Yangteng Ou
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry University of Cambridge Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
| | - Zenon Toprakcioglu
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry University of Cambridge Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
| | - Masashi Narita
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute University of Cambridge Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way Cambridge CB2 0RE UK
- Tokyo Tech World Research Hub Initiative (WRHI) Institute of Innovative Research Tokyo Institute of Technology Yokohama, Tokyo 152-8550 Japan
| | - Tuomas P.J. Knowles
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry University of Cambridge Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
- Department of Physics University of Cambridge JJ Thomson Avenue Cambridge CB3 0HE UK
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Radiation Treatment Timing and Dose Delivery: Effects on Bladder Cancer Cells in 3D in Vitro Culture. RADIATION 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/radiation2040025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
While radical cystectomy remains the primary treatment of choice for bladder cancer, increased evidence supports the use of bladder-preservation strategies based on adjuvant radiotherapy. This highlights the need for a better understanding of bladder cancer radiosensitivity to different types of treatment deliveries. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of treatment time, dose and fractionation on the number and sizes of grown three-dimensional (3D) bladder cancer spheres, and to assess the capacity of the linear-quadratic model in describing the response of cells cultured in 3D. 3D MatrigelTM-based cultures were employed to enrich for cancer stem cells (CSCs) from three human bladder cancer cell lines, RT4, T24 and UM-UC-3. Three single dose radiation treatments were performed at different time points after plating, and sphere number and sizes were assessed. Anti-CD44 immunofluorescence, clonogenic assay and anti-γH2AX staining were also performed to analyze the cell lines’ radiosensitivity. The radiosensitivity of spheres was dependent on the treatment timing after plating. Current linear quadratic dose fractionation models were shown to over-estimate radiosensitivity in 3D models. Our results showed the importance of treatment timing on the radio-response of bladder cancer spheres. We also demonstrated that bladder cancer spheres are more resistant to dose-fractionation than the estimation from the theoretical linear-quadratic model.
Collapse
|
26
|
Khan AH, Zhou SP, Moe M, Ortega Quesada BA, Bajgiran KR, Lassiter HR, Dorman JA, Martin EC, Pojman JA, Melvin AT. Generation of 3D Spheroids Using a Thiol-Acrylate Hydrogel Scaffold to Study Endocrine Response in ER + Breast Cancer. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2022; 8:3977-3985. [PMID: 36001134 PMCID: PMC9472224 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c00491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Culturing cancer cells in a three-dimensional (3D) environment
better recapitulates in vivo conditions by mimicking
cell-to-cell interactions and mass transfer limitations of metabolites,
oxygen, and drugs. Recent drug studies have suggested that a high
rate of preclinical and clinical failures results from mass transfer
limitations associated with drug entry into solid tumors that 2D model
systems cannot predict. Droplet microfluidic devices offer a promising
alternative to grow 3D spheroids from a small number of cells to reduce
intratumor heterogeneity, which is lacking in other approaches. Spheroids
were generated by encapsulating cells in novel thiol–acrylate
(TA) hydrogel scaffold droplets followed by on-chip isolation of single
droplets in a 990- or 450-member trapping array. The TA hydrogel rapidly
(∼35 min) polymerized on-chip to provide an initial scaffold
to support spheroid development followed by a time-dependent degradation.
Two trapping arrays were fabricated with 150 or 300 μm diameter
traps to investigate the effect of droplet size and cell seeding density
on spheroid formation and growth. Both trapping arrays were capable
of ∼99% droplet trapping efficiency with ∼90% and 55%
cellular encapsulation in trapping arrays containing 300 and 150 μm
traps, respectively. The oil phase was replaced with media ∼1
h after droplet trapping to initiate long-term spheroid culturing.
The growth and viability of MCF-7 3D spheroids were confirmed for
7 days under continuous media flow using a customized gravity-driven
system to eliminate the need for syringe pumps. It was found that
a minimum of 10 or more encapsulated cells are needed to generate
a growing spheroid while fewer than 10 parent cells produced stagnant
3D spheroids. As a proof of concept, a drug susceptibility study was
performed treating the spheroids with fulvestrant followed by interrogating
the spheroids for proliferation in the presence of estrogen. Following
fulvestrant exposure, the spheroids showed significantly less proliferation
in the presence of estrogen, confirming drug efficacy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anowar H Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Sophia P Zhou
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Margaret Moe
- Cain Department of Chemical Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Braulio A Ortega Quesada
- Cain Department of Chemical Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Khashayar R Bajgiran
- Cain Department of Chemical Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Haley R Lassiter
- Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - James A Dorman
- Cain Department of Chemical Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Elizabeth C Martin
- Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - John A Pojman
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Adam T Melvin
- Cain Department of Chemical Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Ronteix G, Aristov A, Bonnet V, Sart S, Sobel J, Esposito E, Baroud CN. Griottes: a generalist tool for network generation from segmented tissue images. BMC Biol 2022; 20:178. [PMID: 35953853 PMCID: PMC9367069 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-022-01376-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microscopy techniques and image segmentation algorithms have improved dramatically this decade, leading to an ever increasing amount of biological images and a greater reliance on imaging to investigate biological questions. This has created a need for methods to extract the relevant information on the behaviors of cells and their interactions, while reducing the amount of computing power required to organize this information. RESULTS This task can be performed by using a network representation in which the cells and their properties are encoded in the nodes, while the neighborhood interactions are encoded by the links. Here, we introduce Griottes, an open-source tool to build the "network twin" of 2D and 3D tissues from segmented microscopy images. We show how the library can provide a wide range of biologically relevant metrics on individual cells and their neighborhoods, with the objective of providing multi-scale biological insights. The library's capacities are demonstrated on different image and data types. CONCLUSIONS This library is provided as an open-source tool that can be integrated into common image analysis workflows to increase their capacities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gustave Ronteix
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Physical microfluidics and Bioengineering, Paris, F-75015 France
- LadHyX, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Palaiseau, 91120 France
| | - Andrey Aristov
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Physical microfluidics and Bioengineering, Paris, F-75015 France
| | - Valentin Bonnet
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Physical microfluidics and Bioengineering, Paris, F-75015 France
- LadHyX, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Palaiseau, 91120 France
| | - Sebastien Sart
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Physical microfluidics and Bioengineering, Paris, F-75015 France
| | - Jeremie Sobel
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Physical microfluidics and Bioengineering, Paris, F-75015 France
| | - Elric Esposito
- UTechS PBI, Institut Pasteur, 25-28 Rue du Dr Roux, Paris, 75015 France
| | - Charles N. Baroud
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Physical microfluidics and Bioengineering, Paris, F-75015 France
- LadHyX, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Palaiseau, 91120 France
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Mathur L, Szalai B, Du NH, Utharala R, Ballinger M, Landry JJM, Ryckelynck M, Benes V, Saez-Rodriguez J, Merten CA. Combi-seq for multiplexed transcriptome-based profiling of drug combinations using deterministic barcoding in single-cell droplets. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4450. [PMID: 35915108 PMCID: PMC9343464 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32197-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Anti-cancer therapies often exhibit only short-term effects. Tumors typically develop drug resistance causing relapses that might be tackled with drug combinations. Identification of the right combination is challenging and would benefit from high-content, high-throughput combinatorial screens directly on patient biopsies. However, such screens require a large amount of material, normally not available from patients. To address these challenges, we present a scalable microfluidic workflow, called Combi-Seq, to screen hundreds of drug combinations in picoliter-size droplets using transcriptome changes as a readout for drug effects. We devise a deterministic combinatorial DNA barcoding approach to encode treatment conditions, enabling the gene expression-based readout of drug effects in a highly multiplexed fashion. We apply Combi-Seq to screen the effect of 420 drug combinations on the transcriptome of K562 cells using only ~250 single cell droplets per condition, to successfully predict synergistic and antagonistic drug pairs, as well as their pathway activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Mathur
- Genome Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg, Germany
- Collaboration for joint PhD degree between EMBL and Heidelberg University, Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - B Szalai
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
- Turbine Simulated Cell Technologies Ltd, Budapest, Hungary
| | - N H Du
- Institute of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - R Utharala
- Genome Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Ballinger
- Genome Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J J M Landry
- Genome Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Ryckelynck
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Architecture et Réactivité de l'ARN, UPR, 9002, Strasbourg, France
| | - V Benes
- Genome Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J Saez-Rodriguez
- Faculty of Medicine and Heidelberg University Hospital, Institute of Computational Biomedicine, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.
- Faculty of Medicine, Joint Research Centre for Computational Biomedicine (JRC-COMBINE), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
| | - C A Merten
- Genome Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg, Germany.
- Institute of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Xu Y, Zhu H, Denduluri A, Ou Y, Erkamp NA, Qi R, Shen Y, Knowles TPJ. Recent Advances in Microgels: From Biomolecules to Functionality. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2200180. [PMID: 35790106 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202200180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The emerging applications of hydrogel materials at different length scales, in areas ranging from sustainability to health, have driven the progress in the design and manufacturing of microgels. Microgels can provide miniaturized, monodisperse, and regulatable compartments, which can be spatially separated or interconnected. These microscopic materials provide novel opportunities for generating biomimetic cell culture environments and are thus key to the advances of modern biomedical research. The evolution of the physical and chemical properties has, furthermore, highlighted the potentials of microgels in the context of materials science and bioengineering. This review describes the recent research progress in the fabrication, characterization, and applications of microgels generated from biomolecular building blocks. A key enabling technology allowing the tailoring of the properties of microgels is their synthesis through microfluidic technologies, and this paper highlights recent advances in these areas and their impact on expanding the physicochemical parameter space accessible using microgels. This review finally discusses the emerging roles that microgels play in liquid-liquid phase separation, micromechanics, biosensors, and regenerative medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yufan Xu
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Hongjia Zhu
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Akhila Denduluri
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Yangteng Ou
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Nadia A Erkamp
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Runzhang Qi
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Yi Shen
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
- The University of Sydney Nano Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Tuomas P J Knowles
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
High resolution microfluidic assay and probabilistic modeling reveal cooperation between T cells in tumor killing. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3111. [PMID: 35661707 PMCID: PMC9166723 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30575-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytotoxic T cells are important components of natural anti-tumor immunity and are harnessed in tumor immunotherapies. Immune responses to tumors and immune therapy outcomes largely vary among individuals, but very few studies examine the contribution of intrinsic behavior of the T cells to this heterogeneity. Here we show the development of a microfluidic-based in vitro method to track the outcome of antigen-specific T cell activity on many individual cancer spheroids simultaneously at high spatiotemporal resolution, which we call Multiscale Immuno-Oncology on-Chip System (MIOCS). By combining parallel measurements of T cell behaviors and tumor fates with probabilistic modeling, we establish that the first recruited T cells initiate a positive feedback loop to accelerate further recruitment to the spheroid. We also provide evidence that cooperation between T cells on the spheroid during the killing phase facilitates tumor destruction. Thus, we propose that both T cell accumulation and killing function rely on collective behaviors rather than simply reflecting the sum of individual T cell activities, and the possibility to track many replicates of immune cell-tumor interactions with the level of detail our system provides may contribute to our understanding of immune response heterogeneity. Anti-cancer cytotoxic T cell responses largely vary among individuals. Here authors show, by stochastic modeling on high throughput T cell behavior and matched tumor spheroid fate data generated by a microfluidics system, that tumor killing is dependent on T cell cooperativity, which might contribute to the heterogeneity of T cell responses.
Collapse
|
31
|
Chermat R, Ziaee M, Mak DY, Refet-Mollof E, Rodier F, Wong P, Carrier JF, Kamio Y, Gervais T. Radiotherapy on-chip: microfluidics for translational radiation oncology. LAB ON A CHIP 2022; 22:2065-2079. [PMID: 35477748 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00177b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The clinical importance of radiotherapy in the treatment of cancer patients justifies the development and use of research tools at the fundamental, pre-clinical, and ultimately clinical levels, to investigate their toxicities and synergies with systemic agents on relevant biological samples. Although microfluidics has prompted a paradigm shift in drug discovery in the past two decades, it appears to have yet to translate to radiotherapy research. However, the materials, dimensions, design versatility and multiplexing capabilities of microfluidic devices make them well-suited to a variety of studies involving radiation physics, radiobiology and radiotherapy. This review will present the state-of-the-art applications of microfluidics in these fields and specifically highlight the perspectives offered by radiotherapy on-a-chip in the field of translational radiobiology and precision medicine. This body of knowledge can serve both the microfluidics and radiotherapy communities by identifying potential collaboration avenues to improve patient care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rodin Chermat
- μFO Lab, Polytechnique Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.
- Institut du Cancer de Montréal, (ICM), Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Maryam Ziaee
- μFO Lab, Polytechnique Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.
- Institut du Cancer de Montréal, (ICM), Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - David Y Mak
- Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Elena Refet-Mollof
- μFO Lab, Polytechnique Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.
- Institut du Cancer de Montréal, (ICM), Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Francis Rodier
- Institut du Cancer de Montréal, (ICM), Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada
- Département de radiologie, radio-oncologie et médecine nucléaire, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Philip Wong
- Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institut du Cancer de Montréal, (ICM), Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jean-François Carrier
- Département de radiologie, radio-oncologie et médecine nucléaire, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Département de Physique, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Département de Radio-oncologie, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Yuji Kamio
- Département de Radio-oncologie, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Montréal, QC, Canada
- Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Thomas Gervais
- μFO Lab, Polytechnique Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.
- Institut du Cancer de Montréal, (ICM), Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Ro J, Kim J, Cho YK. Recent advances in spheroid-based microfluidic models to mimic the tumour microenvironment. Analyst 2022; 147:2023-2034. [PMID: 35485712 DOI: 10.1039/d2an00172a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) multicellular spheroid models can recapitulate the human tumour microenvironment with more accuracy than conventional cell culture models, as they include complex architectural structures and dynamic cellular interactions. Among the diverse platforms for spheroid formation, microfluidic platforms have been extensively applied to study spheroids because they can mimic the in vivo microenvironment. This review provides an overview of the advantages of 3D spheroid cultures with a summary of the recent applications for tumour microenvironment-focused cellular interactions, as well as the studies on spheroids and external stimuli. These 3D tumour spheroid-based microfluidic devices will provide a platform for a better understanding of cellular and external interactions, as well as the discovery of cancer therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jooyoung Ro
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, Korea. .,Center for Soft and Living Matter, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan, Korea
| | - Junyoung Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, Korea.
| | - Yoon-Kyoung Cho
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, Korea. .,Center for Soft and Living Matter, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Li LK, Huang WC, Hsueh YY, Yamauchi K, Olivares N, Davila R, Fang J, Ding X, Zhao W, Soto J, Hasani M, Novitch B, Li S. Intramuscular delivery of neural crest stem cell spheroids enhances neuromuscular regeneration after denervation injury. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:205. [PMID: 35578348 PMCID: PMC9109326 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-02877-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Muscle denervation from trauma and motor neuron disease causes disabling morbidities. A limiting step in functional recovery is the regeneration of neuromuscular junctions (NMJs) for reinnervation. Stem cells have the potential to promote these regenerative processes, but current approaches have limited success, and the optimal types of stem cells remain to be determined. Neural crest stem cells (NCSCs), as the developmental precursors of the peripheral nervous system, are uniquely advantageous, but the role of NCSCs in neuromuscular regeneration is not clear. Furthermore, a cell delivery approach that can maintain NCSC survival upon transplantation is critical. METHODS We established a streamlined protocol to derive, isolate, and characterize functional p75+ NCSCs from human iPSCs without genome integration of reprogramming factors. To enhance survival rate upon delivery in vivo, NCSCs were centrifuged in microwell plates to form spheroids of desirable size by controlling suspension cell density. Human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were also studied for comparison. NCSC or MSC spheroids were injected into the gastrocnemius muscle with denervation injury, and the effects on NMJ formation and functional recovery were investigated. The spheroids were also co-cultured with engineered neuromuscular tissue to assess effects on NMJ formation in vitro. RESULTS NCSCs cultured in spheroids displayed enhanced secretion of soluble factors involved in neuromuscular regeneration. Intramuscular transplantation of spheroids enabled long-term survival and retention of NCSCs, in contrast to the transplantation of single-cell suspensions. Furthermore, NCSC spheroids significantly improved functional recovery after four weeks as shown by gait analysis, electrophysiology, and the rate of NMJ innervation. MSC spheroids, on the other hand, had insignificant effect. In vitro co-culture of NCSC or MSC spheroids with engineered myotubes and motor neurons further evidenced improved innervated NMJ formation with NCSC spheroids. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate that stem cell type is critical for neuromuscular regeneration and that NCSCs have a distinct advantage and therapeutic potential to promote reinnervation following peripheral nerve injury. Biophysical effects of spheroidal culture, in particular, enable long-term NCSC survival following in vivo delivery. Furthermore, synthetic neuromuscular tissue, or "tissues-on-a-chip," may offer a platform to evaluate stem cells for neuromuscular regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- LeeAnn K Li
- Departments of Bioengineering and Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Wen-Chin Huang
- Departments of Bioengineering and Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Yuan-Yu Hsueh
- Departments of Bioengineering and Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ken Yamauchi
- Department of Neurobiology, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Natalie Olivares
- Departments of Bioengineering and Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Raul Davila
- Departments of Bioengineering and Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Jun Fang
- Departments of Bioengineering and Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Xili Ding
- Departments of Bioengineering and Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Weikang Zhao
- Departments of Bioengineering and Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Jennifer Soto
- Departments of Bioengineering and Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Mahdi Hasani
- Departments of Bioengineering and Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Bennett Novitch
- Department of Neurobiology, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Song Li
- Departments of Bioengineering and Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Aubry G, Milisavljevic M, Lu H. Automated and Dynamic Control of Chemical Content in Droplets for Scalable Screens of Small Animals. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2200319. [PMID: 35229457 PMCID: PMC9050880 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202200319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Screening functional phenotypes in small animals is important for genetics and drug discovery. Multiphase microfluidics has great potential for enhancing throughput but has been hampered by inefficient animal encapsulation and limited control over the animal's environment in droplets. Here, a highly efficient single-animal encapsulation unit, a liquid exchanger system for controlling the droplet chemical environment dynamically, and an automation scheme for the programming and robust execution of complex protocols are demonstrated. By careful use of interfacial forces, the liquid exchanger unit allows for adding and removing chemicals from a droplet and, therefore, generating chemical gradients inaccessible in previous multiphase systems. Using Caenorhabditis elegans as an example, it is demonstrated that these advances can serve to analyze dynamic phenotyping, such as behavior and neuronal activity, perform forward genetic screen, and are scalable to manipulate animals of different sizes. This platform paves the way for large-scale screens of complex dynamic phenotypes in small animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Aubry
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Marija Milisavljevic
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Hang Lu
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Single cell-derived spheroids capture the self-renewing subpopulations of metastatic ovarian cancer. Cell Death Differ 2022; 29:614-626. [PMID: 34845371 PMCID: PMC8901794 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-021-00878-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
High Grade Serous Ovarian cancer (HGSOC) is a major unmet need in oncology, due to its precocious dissemination and the lack of meaningful human models for the investigation of disease pathogenesis in a patient-specific manner. To overcome this roadblock, we present a new method to isolate and grow single cells directly from patients' metastatic ascites, establishing the conditions for propagating them as 3D cultures that we refer to as single cell-derived metastatic ovarian cancer spheroids (sMOCS). By single cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) we define the cellular composition of metastatic ascites and trace its propagation in 2D and 3D culture paradigms, finding that sMOCS retain and amplify key subpopulations from the original patients' samples and recapitulate features of the original metastasis that do not emerge from classical 2D culture, including retention of individual patients' specificities. By enabling the enrichment of uniquely informative cell subpopulations from HGSOC metastasis and the clonal interrogation of their diversity at the functional and molecular level, this method provides a powerful instrument for precision oncology in ovarian cancer.
Collapse
|
36
|
Abstract
Cell manipulation in droplets has emerged as one of the great successes of microfluidic technologies, with the development of single-cell screening. However, the droplet format has also served to go beyond single-cell studies, namely by considering the interactions between different cells or between cells and their physical or chemical environment. These studies pose specific challenges linked to the need for long-term culture of adherent cells or the diverse types of measurements associated with complex biological phenomena. Here we review the emergence of droplet microfluidic methods for culturing cells and studying their interactions. We begin by characterizing the quantitative aspects that determine the ability to encapsulate cells, transport molecules, and provide sufficient nutrients within the droplets. This is followed by an evaluation of the biological constraints such as the control of the biochemical environment and promoting the anchorage of adherent cells. This first part ends with a description of measurement methods that have been developed. The second part of the manuscript focuses on applications of these technologies for cancer studies, immunology, and stem cells while paying special attention to the biological relevance of the cellular assays and providing guidelines on improving this relevance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Sart
- LadHyX, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91120 Palaiseau, France.,Physical Microfluidics and Bioengineering, Institut Pasteur, 25-28 Rue du Dr. Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Gustave Ronteix
- LadHyX, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91120 Palaiseau, France.,Physical Microfluidics and Bioengineering, Institut Pasteur, 25-28 Rue du Dr. Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Shreyansh Jain
- LadHyX, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91120 Palaiseau, France.,Physical Microfluidics and Bioengineering, Institut Pasteur, 25-28 Rue du Dr. Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Gabriel Amselem
- LadHyX, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91120 Palaiseau, France.,Physical Microfluidics and Bioengineering, Institut Pasteur, 25-28 Rue du Dr. Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Charles N Baroud
- LadHyX, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91120 Palaiseau, France.,Physical Microfluidics and Bioengineering, Institut Pasteur, 25-28 Rue du Dr. Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Russo M, Cejas CM, Pitingolo G. Advances in microfluidic 3D cell culture for preclinical drug development. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2022; 187:163-204. [PMID: 35094774 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2021.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Drug development is often a very long, costly, and risky process due to the lack of reliability in the preclinical studies. Traditional current preclinical models, mostly based on 2D cell culture and animal testing, are not full representatives of the complex in vivo microenvironments and often fail. In order to reduce the enormous costs, both financial and general well-being, a more predictive preclinical model is needed. In this chapter, we review recent advances in microfluidic 3D cell culture showing how its development has allowed the introduction of in vitro microphysiological systems, laying the foundation for organ-on-a-chip technology. These findings provide the basis for numerous preclinical drug discovery assays, which raise the possibility of using micro-engineered systems as emerging alternatives to traditional models, based on 2D cell culture and animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Russo
- Microfluidics, MEMS, Nanostructures (MMN), CNRS UMR 8231, Institut Pierre Gilles de Gennes (IPGG) ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University, Paris France.
| | - Cesare M Cejas
- Microfluidics, MEMS, Nanostructures (MMN), CNRS UMR 8231, Institut Pierre Gilles de Gennes (IPGG) ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University, Paris France
| | - Gabriele Pitingolo
- Bioassays, Microsystems and Optical Engineering Unit, BIOASTER, Paris France
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Doffe F, Fuoco L, Michels J, Jernström S, Tomasi R, Savagner P. Evaluating immune response in vitro in a relevant microenvironment: a high-throughput microfluidic model for clinical screening. EXPLORATION OF TARGETED ANTI-TUMOR THERAPY 2022; 3:853-865. [PMID: 36654822 PMCID: PMC9834268 DOI: 10.37349/etat.2022.00117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim Functional screening of new pharmaceutical compounds requires clinically relevant models to monitor essential cellular and immune responses during cancer progression, with or without treatment. Beyond survival, the emergence of resistant tumor cell clones should also be considered, including specific properties related to plasticity, such as invasiveness, stemness, escape from programmed cell death, and immune response. Numerous pathways are involved in these processes. Defining the relevant ones in the context of a specific tumor type will be key to designing an appropriate combination of inhibitors. However, the diversity and potential redundancy of these pathways remain a challenge for therapy. Methods A new microfluidic device developed by Okomera was dedicated to the screening of drug treatment for breast cancer. This microchip includes 150 droplet-trapping microwells, offering multi-chip settings and multiple treatment choices. Results After validating the system with established cell lines and a panel of drugs used clinically at Gustave Roussy, preclinical experiments were initiated including patient-derived xenograft (PDX) and primary tumor cells-derived tumoroids with the collaboration of Gustave Roussy clinicians. Tumor-isolated lymphocytes were also added to the tumoroids, using secondary droplets in proof-of-concept experiments. Conclusions These results show the relevance of the methodology for screening large numbers of drugs, a wide range of doses, and multiple drug combinations. This methodology will be used for two purposes: 1) new drug screening from the compound library, using the high throughput potential of the chip; and 2) pre-clinical assay for a two-weeks response for personalized medicine, allowing evaluation of drug combinations to flag an optimized treatment with potential clinical application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Flora Doffe
- INSERM U1186, Integrative Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, Gustave Roussy, Faculty of Medicine, University Paris-Saclay, 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Layla Fuoco
- Okomera, iPEPS, Pitié-Salpêtrière Medical center, 47 Hôpital Blvd, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Judith Michels
- Oncological Medecine Department, Gustave Roussy, 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Sandra Jernström
- Okomera, iPEPS, Pitié-Salpêtrière Medical center, 47 Hôpital Blvd, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Raphael Tomasi
- Okomera, iPEPS, Pitié-Salpêtrière Medical center, 47 Hôpital Blvd, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Pierre Savagner
- INSERM U1186, Integrative Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, Gustave Roussy, Faculty of Medicine, University Paris-Saclay, 94805 Villejuif, France,Correspondence: Pierre Savagner, INSERM U1186, Integrative Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, Gustave Roussy, Faculty of Medicine, University Paris-Saclay, 94805 Villejuif, France.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Cell3: a new vision for study of the endomembrane system in mammalian cells. Biosci Rep 2021; 41:230388. [PMID: 34874399 PMCID: PMC8655501 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20210850c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The endomembrane system of mammalian cells provides massive capacity for the segregation of biochemical reactions into discrete locations. The individual organelles of the endomembrane system also require the ability to precisely transport material between these compartments in order to maintain cell homeostasis; this process is termed membrane traffic. For several decades, researchers have been systematically identifying and dissecting the molecular machinery that governs membrane trafficking pathways, with the overwhelming majority of these studies being carried out in cultured cells growing as monolayers. In recent years, a number of methodological innovations have provided the opportunity for cultured cells to be grown as 3-dimensional (3D) assemblies, for example as spheroids and organoids. These structures have the potential to better replicate the cellular environment found in tissues and present an exciting new opportunity for the study of cell function. In this mini-review, we summarize the main methods used to generate 3D cell models and highlight emerging studies that have started to use these models to study basic cellular processes. We also describe a number of pieces of work that potentially provide the basis for adaptation for deeper study of how membrane traffic is coordinated in multicellular assemblies. Finally, we comment on some of the technological challenges that still need to be overcome if 3D cell biology is to become a mainstream tool toward deepening our understanding of the endomembrane system in mammalian cells.
Collapse
|
40
|
Wu Y, Zhou Y, Qin X, Liu Y. From cell spheroids to vascularized cancer organoids: Microfluidic tumor-on-a-chip models for preclinical drug evaluations. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2021; 15:061503. [PMID: 34804315 PMCID: PMC8589468 DOI: 10.1063/5.0062697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Chemotherapy is one of the most effective cancer treatments. Starting from the discovery of new molecular entities, it usually takes about 10 years and 2 billion U.S. dollars to bring an effective anti-cancer drug from the benchtop to patients. Due to the physiological differences between animal models and humans, more than 90% of drug candidates failed in phase I clinical trials. Thus, a more efficient drug screening system to identify feasible compounds and pre-exclude less promising drug candidates is strongly desired. For their capability to accurately construct in vitro tumor models derived from human cells to reproduce pathological and physiological processes, microfluidic tumor chips are reliable platforms for preclinical drug screening, personalized medicine, and fundamental oncology research. This review summarizes the recent progress of the microfluidic tumor chip and highlights tumor vascularization strategies. In addition, promising imaging modalities for enhancing data acquisition and machine learning-based image analysis methods to accurately quantify the dynamics of tumor spheroids are introduced. It is believed that the microfluidic tumor chip will serve as a high-throughput, biomimetic, and multi-sensor integrated system for efficient preclinical drug evaluation in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wu
- Department of Bioengineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, USA
| | - Yuyuan Zhou
- Department of Bioengineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, USA
| | - Xiaochen Qin
- Department of Bioengineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, USA
| | - Yaling Liu
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed:
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Liascukiene I, Amselem G, Landoulsi J, Gunes DZ, Baroud CN. Intermittent dynamics of bubble dissolution due to interfacial growth of fat crystals. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:10042-10052. [PMID: 34709287 DOI: 10.1039/d1sm00902h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Foams are inherently unstable objects, that age and disappear over time. The main cause of foam aging is Ostwald ripening: smaller air bubbles within the foam empty their gas content into larger ones. One strategy to counter Ostwald ripening consists in creating armored bubbles, where solid particles adsorbed at the air/liquid interface prevent bubbles from shrinking below a given size. Here, we study the efficiency of coating air bubbles with fat crystals to prevent bubble dissolution. A monoglyceride, monostearin, is directly crystallized at the air/oil interface. Experiments on single bubbles in a microfluidic device show that the presence of monostearin fat crystals slows down dissolution, with an efficiency that depends on the crystal size. Bubble ripening in the presence of crystals exhibits intermittent dissolution dynamics, with phases of arrest, when crystals jam at the interface, followed by phases of dissolution, when monostearin crystals are ejected from the interface. In the end, crystals do not confer enough mechanical strength to the bubbles to prevent them from fully dissolving.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irma Liascukiene
- LadHyX, CNRS, Ecole polytechnique, Institut polytechnique de Paris, 91120, Palaiseau, France.
| | - Gabriel Amselem
- LadHyX, CNRS, Ecole polytechnique, Institut polytechnique de Paris, 91120, Palaiseau, France.
| | - Jessem Landoulsi
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Réactivité de Surface, LRS, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Deniz Z Gunes
- Nestlé Research Center, Food Science and Technology Department, Vers-Chez-Les Blanc, CH-1000, Lausanne 26, Switzerland
| | - Charles N Baroud
- LadHyX, CNRS, Ecole polytechnique, Institut polytechnique de Paris, 91120, Palaiseau, France.
- Physical Microfluidics and Bioengineering, Department of Genomes and Genetics, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Zhang P, Shao N, Qin L. Recent Advances in Microfluidic Platforms for Programming Cell-Based Living Materials. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2005944. [PMID: 34270839 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202005944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Cell-based living materials, including single cells, cell-laden fibers, cell sheets, organoids, and organs, have attracted intensive interests owing to their widespread applications in cancer therapy, regenerative medicine, drug development, and so on. Significant progress in materials, microfabrication, and cell biology have promoted the development of numerous promising microfluidic platforms for programming these cell-based living materials with a high-throughput, scalable, and efficient manner. In this review, the recent progress of novel microfluidic platforms for programming cell-based living materials is presented. First, the unique features, categories, and materials and related fabrication methods of microfluidic platforms are briefly introduced. From the viewpoint of the design principles of the microfluidic platforms, the recent significant advances of programming single cells, cell-laden fibers, cell sheets, organoids, and organs in turns are then highlighted. Last, by providing personal perspectives on challenges and future trends, this review aims to motivate researchers from the fields of materials and engineering to work together with biologists and physicians to promote the development of cell-based living materials for human healthcare-related applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pengchao Zhang
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Ning Shao
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Lidong Qin
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Sart S, F-X Tomasi R, Barizien A, Amselem G, Cumano A, Baroud CN. Structural and Functional Mapping of Mesenchymal Bodies. Bio Protoc 2021; 11:e4177. [PMID: 34722824 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.4177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The formation of spheroids with mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs), mesenchymal bodies (MBs), is usually performed using bioreactors or conventional well plates. While these methods promote the formation of a large number of spheroids, they provide limited control over their structure or over the regulation of their environment. It has therefore been hard to elucidate the mechanisms orchestrating the structural organization and the induction of the trophic functions of MBs until now. We have recently demonstrated an integrated droplet-based microfluidic platform for the high-density formation and culture of MBs, as well as for the quantitative characterization of the structural and functional organization of cells within them. The protocol starts with a suspension of a few hundred MSCs encapsulated within microfluidic droplets held in capillary traps. After droplet immobilization, MSCs start clustering and form densely packed spherical aggregates that display a tight size distribution. Quantitative imaging is used to provide a robust demonstration that human MSCs self-organize in a hierarchical manner, by taking advantage of the good fit between the microfluidic chip and conventional microscopy techniques. Moreover, the structural organization within the MBs is found to correlate with the induction of osteo-endocrine functions (i.e., COX-2 and VEGF-A expression). Therefore, the present platform provides a unique method to link the structural organization in MBs to their functional properties. Graphic abstract: Droplet microfluidic platform for integrated formation, culture, and characterization of mesenchymal bodies (MBs). The device is equipped with a droplet production area (flow focusing) and a culture chamber that enables the culture of 270 MBs in parallel. A layer-by-layer analysis revealed a hierarchical developmental organization within MBs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Sart
- LadHyX and Department of Mechanics, Ecole Polytechnique CNRS - UMR 7646, Palaiseau, France.,Physical Microfluidics and Bio-Engineering, Department of Genomes and Genetics, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Raphaël F-X Tomasi
- LadHyX and Department of Mechanics, Ecole Polytechnique CNRS - UMR 7646, Palaiseau, France.,Physical Microfluidics and Bio-Engineering, Department of Genomes and Genetics, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Antoine Barizien
- LadHyX and Department of Mechanics, Ecole Polytechnique CNRS - UMR 7646, Palaiseau, France.,Physical Microfluidics and Bio-Engineering, Department of Genomes and Genetics, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Gabriel Amselem
- LadHyX and Department of Mechanics, Ecole Polytechnique CNRS - UMR 7646, Palaiseau, France
| | - Ana Cumano
- Unit for Lymphopoiesis, Deparment of Immunolgy - INSERM U1223, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Cellule Pasteur, 75018, Paris, France
| | - Charles N Baroud
- LadHyX and Department of Mechanics, Ecole Polytechnique CNRS - UMR 7646, Palaiseau, France.,Physical Microfluidics and Bio-Engineering, Department of Genomes and Genetics, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Rasouli R, Tabrizian M. Rapid Formation of Multicellular Spheroids in Boundary-Driven Acoustic Microstreams. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2101931. [PMID: 34418307 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202101931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
3D cell spheroid culture has emerged as a more faithful recreation of cell growth environment compared to conventional 2D culture, as it can maintain tissue structures, physicochemical characteristics, and cell phenotypes. The majority of current spheroid formation methods are limited to a physical agglomeration of the desired cell type, and then relying on cell capacity to secrete extracellular matrix to form coherent spheroids. Hence, apart from being time-consuming, their success in leading to functional spheroid formation is also cell-type dependent. In this study, a boundary-driven acoustic microstreaming tool is presented that can simultaneously congregate cells and generate sturdy cell clusters through incorporating a bioadhesive such as collagen for rapid production of spheroids. The optimized mixture of type I collagen (0.42 mg mL-1 ) and methylcellulose (0.4% w/v ) accelerates the coagulation of cell-matrix as fast as 10 s while avoiding their adhesion to the device, and thereby offering easy spheroid retrieval. The versatility of the platform is shown for the production of MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 spheroids, multicellular spheroids, and composite spheroids made of cells and microparticles. The ability to produce densely packed spheroids embedded within a biomimetic extracellular matrix component, along with rapid formation and easy collection of spheroids render the proposed device a step in technology development required to realize potentials of 3D constructs such as building blocks for the emerging field of bottom-up tissue engineering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reza Rasouli
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Maryam Tabrizian
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 2B4, Canada
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 1G1, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Hong G, Kim J, Oh H, Yun S, Kim CM, Jeong YM, Yun WS, Shim JH, Jang I, Kim CY, Jin S. Production of Multiple Cell-Laden Microtissue Spheroids with a Biomimetic Hepatic-Lobule-Like Structure. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2102624. [PMID: 34286875 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202102624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The construction of an in vitro 3D cellular model to mimic the human liver is highly desired for drug discovery and clinical applications, such as patient-specific treatment and cell-based therapy in regenerative medicine. However, current bioprinting strategies are limited in their ability to generate multiple cell-laden microtissues with biomimetic structures. This study presents a method for producing hepatic-lobule-like microtissue spheroids using a bioprinting system incorporating a precursor cartridge and microfluidic emulsification system. The multiple cell-laden microtissue spheroids can be successfully generated at a speed of approximately 45 spheroids min-1 and with a uniform diameter. Hepatic and endothelial cells are patterned in a microtissue spheroid with the biomimetic structure of a liver lobule. The spheroids allow long-term culture with high cell viability, and the structural integrity is maintained longer than that of non-structured spheroids. Furthermore, structured spheroids show high MRP2, albumin, and CD31 expression levels. In addition, the in vivo study reveals that structured microtissue spheroids are stably engrafted. These results demonstrate that the method provides a valuable 3D structured microtissue spheroid model with lobule-like constructs and liver functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gyusik Hong
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Polytechnic University, 237 Sangidaehak-ro, Siheung-si, 15073, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Kim
- Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 1, Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, 120, Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeongkwon Oh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Polytechnic University, 237 Sangidaehak-ro, Siheung-si, 15073, Republic of Korea
| | - Seokhwan Yun
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Polytechnic University, 237 Sangidaehak-ro, Siheung-si, 15073, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul Min Kim
- Department of Mechatronics, Gyeongsang National University, 33, Dongjin-ro, Jinju, 52725, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Mi Jeong
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Polytechnic University, 237 Sangidaehak-ro, Siheung-si, 15073, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Soo Yun
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Polytechnic University, 237 Sangidaehak-ro, Siheung-si, 15073, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute, T&R Biofab. Co. Ltd, 242 Pangyo-ro, Seongnam, Gyeonggi, 13487, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Hyung Shim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Polytechnic University, 237 Sangidaehak-ro, Siheung-si, 15073, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute, T&R Biofab. Co. Ltd, 242 Pangyo-ro, Seongnam, Gyeonggi, 13487, Republic of Korea
| | - Ilho Jang
- Research Institute, T&R Biofab. Co. Ltd, 242 Pangyo-ro, Seongnam, Gyeonggi, 13487, Republic of Korea
| | - C-Yoon Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, 120, Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Songwan Jin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Polytechnic University, 237 Sangidaehak-ro, Siheung-si, 15073, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute, T&R Biofab. Co. Ltd, 242 Pangyo-ro, Seongnam, Gyeonggi, 13487, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Tumour-on-chip microfluidic platform for assessment of drug pharmacokinetics and treatment response. Commun Biol 2021; 4:1001. [PMID: 34429505 PMCID: PMC8385015 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02526-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Microphysiological in vitro systems are platforms for preclinical evaluation of drug effects and significant advances have been made in recent years. However, existing microfluidic devices are not yet able to deliver compounds to cell models in a way that reproduces the real physiological drug exposure. Here, we introduce a novel tumour-on-chip microfluidic system that mimics the pharmacokinetic profile of compounds on 3D tumour spheroids to evaluate their response to the treatments. We used this platform to test the response of SW620 colorectal cancer spheroids to irinotecan (SN38) alone and in combination with the ATM inhibitor AZD0156, using concentrations mimicking mouse plasma exposure profiles of both agents. We explored spheroid volume and viability as a measure of cancer cells response and changes in mechanistically relevant pharmacodynamic biomarkers (γH2AX, cleaved-caspase 3 and Ki67). We demonstrate here that our microfluidic tumour-on-chip platform can successfully predict the efficacy from in vivo studies and therefore represents an innovative tool to guide drug dose and schedules for optimal efficacy and pharmacodynamic assessment, while reducing the need for animal studies. Petreus et al. describe a platform combining 3D tumour-on-chip technology and pump driven microfluidics to study drug effects at physiological exposures preclinically. They test colorectal cancer spheroids with combinations of two drugs and show that it can successfully predict efficacy in vivo, thereby providing a valuable tool for drug response and pharmacodynamic assessment and reducing the need for animal studies.
Collapse
|
47
|
Bērziņa S, Harrison A, Taly V, Xiao W. Technological Advances in Tumor-On-Chip Technology: From Bench to Bedside. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13164192. [PMID: 34439345 PMCID: PMC8394443 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13164192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Various 3D in vitro tumor models are rapidly advancing cancer research. Unlike animal models, they can be produced quickly and are amenable to high-throughput studies. Growing tumor spheroids in microfluidic tumor-on-chip platforms has particularly elevated the capabilities of such models. Tumor-on-chip devices can mimic multiple aspects of the dynamic in vivo tumor microenvironment in a precisely controlled manner. Moreover, new technologies for the on- and off-chip analysis of these tumor mimics are continuously emerging. There is thus an urgent need to review the latest developments in this rapidly progressing field. Here, we present an overview of the technological advances in tumor-on-chip technology by reviewing state-of-the-art tools for on-chip analysis. In particular, we evaluate the potential for tumor-on-chip technology to guide personalized cancer therapies. We strive to appeal to cancer researchers and biomedical engineers alike, informing on current progress, while provoking thought on the outstanding developments needed to achieve clinical-stage research. Abstract Tumor-on-chip technology has cemented its importance as an in vitro tumor model for cancer research. Its ability to recapitulate different elements of the in vivo tumor microenvironment makes it promising for translational medicine, with potential application in enabling personalized anti-cancer therapies. Here, we provide an overview of the current technological advances for tumor-on-chip generation. To further elevate the functionalities of the technology, these approaches need to be coupled with effective analysis tools. This aspect of tumor-on-chip technology is often neglected in the current literature. We address this shortcoming by reviewing state-of-the-art on-chip analysis tools for microfluidic tumor models. Lastly, we focus on the current progress in tumor-on-chip devices using patient-derived samples and evaluate their potential for clinical research and personalized medicine applications.
Collapse
|
48
|
Pang L, Ding J, Liu XX, Kou Z, Guo L, Xu X, Fan SK. Microfluidics-Based Single-Cell Research for Intercellular Interaction. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:680307. [PMID: 34458252 PMCID: PMC8397490 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.680307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Intercellular interaction between cell-cell and cell-ECM is critical to numerous biology and medical studies, such as stem cell differentiation, immunotherapy and tissue engineering. Traditional methods employed for delving into intercellular interaction are limited by expensive equipment and sophisticated procedures. Microfluidics technique is considered as one of the powerful measures capable of precisely capturing and manipulating cells and achieving low reagent consumption and high throughput with decidedly integrated functional components. Over the past few years, microfluidics-based systems for intercellular interaction study at a single-cell level have become frequently adopted. This review focuses on microfluidic single-cell studies for intercellular interaction in a 2D or 3D environment with a variety of cell manipulating techniques and applications. The challenges to be overcome are highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Long Pang
- School of Basic Medical Science, The Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Xi’an Medical University, Xi’an, China
- Xi’an Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microorganism and Tumor Immunity, Xi’an Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Jing Ding
- Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Xi-Xian Liu
- Key Laboratory of Thermo-Fluid Science and Engineering of MOE, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Zhixuan Kou
- School of Basic Medical Science, The Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Xi’an Medical University, Xi’an, China
- Xi’an Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microorganism and Tumor Immunity, Xi’an Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Lulu Guo
- School of Basic Medical Science, The Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Xi’an Medical University, Xi’an, China
- Xi’an Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microorganism and Tumor Immunity, Xi’an Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xi Xu
- School of Basic Medical Science, The Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Xi’an Medical University, Xi’an, China
- Xi’an Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microorganism and Tumor Immunity, Xi’an Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Shih-Kang Fan
- Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Guttenplan APM, Tahmasebi Birgani Z, Giselbrecht S, Truckenmüller RK, Habibović P. Chips for Biomaterials and Biomaterials for Chips: Recent Advances at the Interface between Microfabrication and Biomaterials Research. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2100371. [PMID: 34033239 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202100371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, the use of microfabrication techniques has allowed biomaterials studies which were originally carried out at larger length scales to be miniaturized as so-called "on-chip" experiments. These miniaturized experiments have a range of advantages which have led to an increase in their popularity. A range of biomaterial shapes and compositions are synthesized or manufactured on chip. Moreover, chips are developed to investigate specific aspects of interactions between biomaterials and biological systems. Finally, biomaterials are used in microfabricated devices to replicate the physiological microenvironment in studies using so-called "organ-on-chip," "tissue-on-chip" or "disease-on-chip" models, which can reduce the use of animal models with their inherent high cost and ethical issues, and due to the possible use of human cells can increase the translation of research from lab to clinic. This review gives an overview of recent developments at the interface between microfabrication and biomaterials science, and indicates potential future directions that the field may take. In particular, a trend toward increased scale and automation is apparent, allowing both industrial production of micron-scale biomaterials and high-throughput screening of the interaction of diverse materials libraries with cells and bioengineered tissues and organs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander P. M. Guttenplan
- Department of Instructive Biomaterials Engineering MERLN Institute for Technology‐Inspired Regenerative Medicine Maastricht University Universiteitssingel 40 Maastricht 6229ER The Netherlands
| | - Zeinab Tahmasebi Birgani
- Department of Instructive Biomaterials Engineering MERLN Institute for Technology‐Inspired Regenerative Medicine Maastricht University Universiteitssingel 40 Maastricht 6229ER The Netherlands
| | - Stefan Giselbrecht
- Department of Instructive Biomaterials Engineering MERLN Institute for Technology‐Inspired Regenerative Medicine Maastricht University Universiteitssingel 40 Maastricht 6229ER The Netherlands
| | - Roman K. Truckenmüller
- Department of Instructive Biomaterials Engineering MERLN Institute for Technology‐Inspired Regenerative Medicine Maastricht University Universiteitssingel 40 Maastricht 6229ER The Netherlands
| | - Pamela Habibović
- Department of Instructive Biomaterials Engineering MERLN Institute for Technology‐Inspired Regenerative Medicine Maastricht University Universiteitssingel 40 Maastricht 6229ER The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Xu B, Cao Y, Zheng Z, Galan EA, Hu Z, Ge J, Xing X, Ma S. Injectable Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Laden Matrigel Microspheres for Endometrium Repair and Regeneration. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2021; 5:e2000202. [PMID: 34117721 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202000202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Endometrial injury and intrauterine adhesions are increasingly reported in recent years; however, treatment options remain limited. Intravenous injection of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for endometrium regeneration has limited effectiveness as the retention rate of transplanted cells is low. Hydrogel-based tissue-engineered solutions, such as MSC-seeded bioscaffolds, are reported to increase retention rates; however, a less invasive alternative is still desirable. 560-µm homogeneous Matrigel microspheres are fabricated, loading them with about 1500 MSCs and injecting them into the injured endometria of rats' uteri. This minimally invasive procedure is proved to significantly increase endometrium thickness by over onefold after 21 d (p < 0.0001) and fertility rates from 25% to 75% in impaired and repaired uteri (p < 0.001), respectively. This study provides a minimally invasive alternative to endometrium repair with the promise to establish a broad-spectrum technique for MSC transplantation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bing Xu
- Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute (TBSI), Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China.,Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School (SIGS), Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yuanxiong Cao
- Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute (TBSI), Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China.,Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School (SIGS), Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Zheng Zheng
- Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, 2004 Hongli Road, Shenzhen, 518028, China
| | - Edgar A Galan
- Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute (TBSI), Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China.,Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School (SIGS), Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Zhiwei Hu
- Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute (TBSI), Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China.,Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School (SIGS), Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Jun Ge
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School (SIGS), Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China.,Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xinhui Xing
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School (SIGS), Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China.,Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Shaohua Ma
- Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute (TBSI), Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China.,Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School (SIGS), Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| |
Collapse
|