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Palominos C, Fuentes-Retamal S, Salazar JP, Guzmán-Rivera D, Correa P, Mellado M, Araya-Maturana R, Urra FA. Mitochondrial bioenergetics as a cell fate rheostat for responsive to Bcl-2 drugs: New cues for cancer chemotherapy. Cancer Lett 2024; 594:216965. [PMID: 38788967 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.216965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Pro-survival BCL-2 proteins prevent the initiation of intrinsic apoptosis (mitochondria-dependent pathway) by inhibiting the pro-apoptotic proteins BAX and BAK, while BH3-only proteins promote apoptosis by blocking pro-survival BCL-2 proteins. Disruptions in this delicate balance contribute to cancer cell survival and chemoresistance. Recent advances in cancer therapeutics involve a new generation of drugs known as BH3-mimetics, which are small molecules designed to mimic the action of BH3-only proteins. Promising effects have been observed in patients with hematological and solid tumors undergoing treatment with these agents. However, the rapid emergence of mitochondria-dependent resistance to BH3-mimetics has been reported. This resistance involves increased mitochondrial respiration, altered mitophagy, and mitochondria with higher and tighter cristae. Conversely, mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 and 2, catalyzing R-2-hydroxyglutarate production, promote sensitivity to venetoclax. This evidence underscores the urgency for comprehensive studies on bioenergetics-based adaptive responses in both BH3 mimetics-sensitive and -resistant cancer cells. Ongoing clinical trials are evaluating BH3-mimetics in combination with standard chemotherapeutics. In this article, we discuss the role of mitochondrial bioenergetics in response to BH3-mimetics and explore potential therapeutic opportunities through metabolism-targeting strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Palominos
- Metabolic Plasticity and Bioenergetics Laboratory, Clinical and Molecular Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, 8380453, Chile; Network for Snake Venom Research and Drug Discovery, Santiago, 8380453, Chile; Interdisciplinary Group on Mitochondrial Targeting and Bioenergetics (MIBI), Talca, 3480094, Chile
| | - Sebastián Fuentes-Retamal
- Metabolic Plasticity and Bioenergetics Laboratory, Clinical and Molecular Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, 8380453, Chile; Network for Snake Venom Research and Drug Discovery, Santiago, 8380453, Chile; Interdisciplinary Group on Mitochondrial Targeting and Bioenergetics (MIBI), Talca, 3480094, Chile; Universidad Andrés Bello. Escuela de Química y Farmacia, Facultad de Medicina, 8320000, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan Pablo Salazar
- Metabolic Plasticity and Bioenergetics Laboratory, Clinical and Molecular Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, 8380453, Chile; Network for Snake Venom Research and Drug Discovery, Santiago, 8380453, Chile; Interdisciplinary Group on Mitochondrial Targeting and Bioenergetics (MIBI), Talca, 3480094, Chile
| | - Daniela Guzmán-Rivera
- Metabolic Plasticity and Bioenergetics Laboratory, Clinical and Molecular Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, 8380453, Chile; Universidad Andrés Bello. Escuela de Química y Farmacia, Facultad de Medicina, 8320000, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo Correa
- Metabolic Plasticity and Bioenergetics Laboratory, Clinical and Molecular Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, 8380453, Chile; Network for Snake Venom Research and Drug Discovery, Santiago, 8380453, Chile; Interdisciplinary Group on Mitochondrial Targeting and Bioenergetics (MIBI), Talca, 3480094, Chile
| | - Mathias Mellado
- Metabolic Plasticity and Bioenergetics Laboratory, Clinical and Molecular Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, 8380453, Chile; Network for Snake Venom Research and Drug Discovery, Santiago, 8380453, Chile
| | - Ramiro Araya-Maturana
- Network for Snake Venom Research and Drug Discovery, Santiago, 8380453, Chile; Interdisciplinary Group on Mitochondrial Targeting and Bioenergetics (MIBI), Talca, 3480094, Chile; Instituto de Química de Recursos Naturales, Universidad de Talca, Talca, 3460000, Chile
| | - Félix A Urra
- Metabolic Plasticity and Bioenergetics Laboratory, Clinical and Molecular Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, 8380453, Chile; Network for Snake Venom Research and Drug Discovery, Santiago, 8380453, Chile; Interdisciplinary Group on Mitochondrial Targeting and Bioenergetics (MIBI), Talca, 3480094, Chile; Interuniversity Center for Healthy Aging (CIES), Consortium of Universities of the State of Chile (CUECH), Santiago, 8320216, Chile.
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2
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Wu J, Liu N, Chen J, Tao Q, Li Q, Li J, Chen X, Peng C. The Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle Metabolites for Cancer: Friend or Enemy. RESEARCH (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2024; 7:0351. [PMID: 38867720 PMCID: PMC11168306 DOI: 10.34133/research.0351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
The tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle is capable of providing sufficient energy for the physiological activities under aerobic conditions. Although tumor metabolic reprogramming places aerobic glycolysis in a dominant position, the TCA cycle remains indispensable for tumor cells as a hub for the metabolic linkage and interconversion of glucose, lipids, and certain amino acids. TCA intermediates such as citrate, α-ketoglutarate, succinate, and fumarate are altered in tumors, and they regulate the tumor metabolism, signal transduction, and immune environment to affect tumorigenesis and tumor progression. This article provides a comprehensive review of the modifications occurring in tumor cells in relation to the intermediates of the TCA cycle, which affects tumor pathogenesis and current therapeutic strategy for therapy through targeting TCA cycle in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wu
- The Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital,
Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Furong Labratory, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Xiangya Hospital,
Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Personalized Diagnostic and Therapeutic Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital,
Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Nian Liu
- The Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital,
Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Furong Labratory, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Xiangya Hospital,
Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Personalized Diagnostic and Therapeutic Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital,
Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jing Chen
- The Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital,
Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Furong Labratory, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Xiangya Hospital,
Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Personalized Diagnostic and Therapeutic Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital,
Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qian Tao
- The Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital,
Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Furong Labratory, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Xiangya Hospital,
Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Personalized Diagnostic and Therapeutic Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital,
Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qiuqiu Li
- The Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital,
Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Furong Labratory, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Xiangya Hospital,
Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Personalized Diagnostic and Therapeutic Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital,
Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jie Li
- The Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital,
Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Furong Labratory, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Xiangya Hospital,
Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Personalized Diagnostic and Therapeutic Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital,
Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- The Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital,
Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Furong Labratory, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Xiangya Hospital,
Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Personalized Diagnostic and Therapeutic Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital,
Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Cong Peng
- The Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital,
Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Furong Labratory, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Xiangya Hospital,
Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Personalized Diagnostic and Therapeutic Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital,
Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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3
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Richard SA. Advances in synthetic lethality modalities for glioblastoma multiforme. Open Med (Wars) 2024; 19:20240981. [PMID: 38868315 PMCID: PMC11167713 DOI: 10.1515/med-2024-0981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is characterized by a high mortality rate, high resistance to cytotoxic chemotherapy, and radiotherapy due to its highly aggressive nature. The pathophysiology of GBM is characterized by multifarious genetic abrasions that deactivate tumor suppressor genes, induce transforming genes, and over-secretion of pro-survival genes, resulting in oncogene sustainability. Synthetic lethality is a destructive process in which the episode of a single genetic consequence is tolerable for cell survival, while co-episodes of multiple genetic consequences lead to cell death. This targeted drug approach, centered on the genetic concept of synthetic lethality, is often selective for DNA repair-deficient GBM cells with restricted toxicity to normal tissues. DNA repair pathways are key modalities in the generation, treatment, and drug resistance of cancers, as DNA damage plays a dual role as a creator of oncogenic mutations and a facilitator of cytotoxic genomic instability. Although several research advances have been made in synthetic lethality modalities for GBM therapy, no review article has summarized these therapeutic modalities. Thus, this review focuses on the innovative advances in synthetic lethality modalities for GBM therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seidu A. Richard
- Department of Medicine, Princefield University, P. O. Box MA128, Volta Region, Ho, Ghana
- Institute of Neuroscience, Third Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
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Calderón-Peláez MA, Maradei Anaya SJ, Bedoya-Rodríguez IJ, González-Ipuz KG, Vera-Palacios D, Buitrago IV, Castellanos JE, Velandia-Romero ML. Zika Virus: A Neurotropic Warrior against High-Grade Gliomas-Unveiling Its Potential for Oncolytic Virotherapy. Viruses 2024; 16:561. [PMID: 38675903 PMCID: PMC11055012 DOI: 10.3390/v16040561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Gliomas account for approximately 75-80% of all malignant primary tumors in the central nervous system (CNS), with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) considered the deadliest. Despite aggressive treatment involving a combination of chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgical intervention, patients with GBM have limited survival rates of 2 to 5 years, accompanied by a significant decline in their quality of life. In recent years, novel management strategies have emerged, such as immunotherapy, which includes the development of vaccines or T cells with chimeric antigen receptors, and oncolytic virotherapy (OVT), wherein wild type (WT) or genetically modified viruses are utilized to selectively lyse tumor cells. In vitro and in vivo studies have shown that the Zika virus (ZIKV) can infect glioma cells and induce a robust oncolytic activity. Consequently, interest in exploring this virus as a potential oncolytic virus (OV) for high-grade gliomas has surged. Given that ZIKV actively circulates in Colombia, evaluating its neurotropic and oncolytic capabilities holds considerable national and international importance, as it may emerge as an alternative for treating highly complex gliomas. Therefore, this literature review outlines the generalities of GBM, the factors determining ZIKV's specific tropism for nervous tissue, and its oncolytic capacity. Additionally, we briefly present the progress in preclinical studies supporting the use of ZIKV as an OVT for gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- María-Angélica Calderón-Peláez
- Virology Group, Vice-Chancellor of Research, Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá 110121, Colombia; (M.-A.C.-P.); (S.J.M.A.); (J.E.C.)
| | - Silvia Juliana Maradei Anaya
- Virology Group, Vice-Chancellor of Research, Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá 110121, Colombia; (M.-A.C.-P.); (S.J.M.A.); (J.E.C.)
| | | | - Karol Gabriela González-Ipuz
- Semillero ViroLogic 2020–2022, Virology Group, Vice-Chancellor of Research, Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá 110121, Colombia
| | - Daniela Vera-Palacios
- Semillero ViroLogic 2020–2022, Virology Group, Vice-Chancellor of Research, Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá 110121, Colombia
| | - Isabella Victoria Buitrago
- Semillero ViroLogic 2020–2022, Virology Group, Vice-Chancellor of Research, Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá 110121, Colombia
| | - Jaime E. Castellanos
- Virology Group, Vice-Chancellor of Research, Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá 110121, Colombia; (M.-A.C.-P.); (S.J.M.A.); (J.E.C.)
| | - Myriam L. Velandia-Romero
- Virology Group, Vice-Chancellor of Research, Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá 110121, Colombia; (M.-A.C.-P.); (S.J.M.A.); (J.E.C.)
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5
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Nguyen TT, Torrini C, Shang E, Shu C, Mun JY, Gao Q, Humala N, Akman HO, Zhang G, Westhoff MA, Karpel-Massler G, Bruce JN, Canoll P, Siegelin MD. OGDH and Bcl-xL loss causes synthetic lethality in glioblastoma. JCI Insight 2024; 9:e172565. [PMID: 38483541 PMCID: PMC11141877 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.172565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) remains an incurable disease, requiring more effective therapies. Through interrogation of publicly available CRISPR and RNAi library screens, we identified the α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (OGDH) gene, which encodes an enzyme that is part of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, as essential for GBM growth. Moreover, by combining transcriptome and metabolite screening analyses, we discovered that loss of function of OGDH by the clinically validated drug compound CPI-613 was synthetically lethal with Bcl-xL inhibition (genetically and through the clinically validated BH3 mimetic, ABT263) in patient-derived xenografts as well neurosphere GBM cultures. CPI-613-mediated energy deprivation drove an integrated stress response with an upregulation of the BH3-only domain protein, Noxa, in an ATF4-dependent manner, as demonstrated by genetic loss-of-function experiments. Consistently, silencing of Noxa attenuated cell death induced by CPI-613 in model systems of GBM. In patient-derived xenograft models of GBM in mice, the combination treatment of ABT263 and CPI-613 suppressed tumor growth and extended animal survival more potently than each compound on its own. Therefore, combined inhibition of Bcl-xL along with disruption of the TCA cycle might be a treatment strategy for GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trang Tt Nguyen
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Consuelo Torrini
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Enyuan Shang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bronx Community College, City University of New York, New York, USA
| | - Chang Shu
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jeong-Yeon Mun
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Qiuqiang Gao
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Hasan O Akman
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Guoan Zhang
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Core Facility, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | | | | | | | - Peter Canoll
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Markus D Siegelin
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
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Núñez FJ, Banerjee K, Mujeeb AA, Mauser A, Tronrud CE, Zhu Z, Taher A, Kadiyala P, Carney SV, Garcia-Fabiani MB, Comba A, Alghamri MS, McClellan BL, Faisal SM, Nwosu ZC, Hong HS, Qin T, Sartor MA, Ljungman M, Cheng SY, Appelman HD, Lowenstein PR, Lahann J, Lyssiotis CA, Castro MG. Epigenetic Reprogramming of Autophagy Drives Mutant IDH1 Glioma Progression and Response to Radiation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.08.584091. [PMID: 38559270 PMCID: PMC10979892 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.08.584091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Mutant isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (mIDH1; IDH1 R132H ) exhibits a gain of function mutation enabling 2-hydroxyglutarate (2HG) production. 2HG inhibits DNA and histone demethylases, inducing epigenetic reprogramming and corresponding changes to the transcriptome. We previously demonstrated 2HG-mediated epigenetic reprogramming enhances DNA-damage response and confers radioresistance in mIDH1 gliomas harboring p53 and ATRX loss of function mutations. In this study, RNA-seq and ChIP-seq data revealed human and mouse mIDH1 glioma neurospheres have downregulated gene ontologies related to mitochondrial metabolism and upregulated autophagy. Further analysis revealed that the decreased mitochondrial metabolism was paralleled by a decrease in glycolysis, rendering autophagy as a source of energy in mIDH1 glioma cells. Analysis of autophagy pathways showed that mIDH1 glioma cells exhibited increased expression of pULK1-S555 and enhanced LC3 I/II conversion, indicating augmented autophagy activity. This dependence is reflected by increased sensitivity of mIDH1 glioma cells to autophagy inhibition. Blocking autophagy selectively impairs the growth of cultured mIDH1 glioma cells but not wild-type IDH1 (wtIDH1) glioma cells. Targeting autophagy by systemic administration of synthetic protein nanoparticles packaged with siRNA targeting Atg7 (SPNP-siRNA-Atg7) sensitized mIDH1 glioma cells to radiation-induced cell death, resulting in tumor regression, long-term survival, and immunological memory, when used in combination with IR. Our results indicate autophagy as a critical pathway for survival and maintenance of mIDH1 glioma cells, a strategy that has significant potential for future clinical translation. One Sentence Summary The inhibition of autophagy sensitizes mIDH1 glioma cells to radiation, thus creating a promising therapeutic strategy for mIDH1 glioma patients. Graphical abstract Our genetically engineered mIDH1 mouse glioma model harbors IDH1 R132H in the context of ATRX and TP53 knockdown. The production of 2-HG elicited an epigenetic reprogramming associated with a disruption in mitochondrial activity and an enhancement of autophagy in mIDH1 glioma cells. Autophagy is a mechanism involved in cell homeostasis related with cell survival under energetic stress and DNA damage protection. Autophagy has been associated with radio resistance. The inhibition of autophagy thus radio sensitizes mIDH1 glioma cells and enhances survival of mIDH1 glioma-bearing mice, representing a novel therapeutic target for this glioma subtype with potential applicability in combined clinical strategies.
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Cai M, Zhao J, Ding Q, Wei J. Oncometabolite 2-hydroxyglutarate regulates anti-tumor immunity. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24454. [PMID: 38293535 PMCID: PMC10826830 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
"Oncometabolite" 2-hydroxyglutarate (2-HG) is an aberrant metabolite found in tumor cells, exerting a pivotal influence on tumor progression. Recent studies have unveiled its impact on the proliferation, activation, and differentiation of anti-tumor T cells. Moreover, 2-HG regulates the function of innate immune components, including macrophages, dendritic cells, natural killer cells, and the complement system. Elevated levels of 2-HG hinder α-KG-dependent dioxygenases (α-KGDDs), contributing to tumorigenesis by disrupting epigenetic regulation, genome integrity, hypoxia-inducible factors (HIF) signaling, and cellular metabolism. The chiral molecular structure of 2-HG produces two enantiomers: D-2-HG and L-2-HG, each with distinct origins and biological functions. Efforts to inhibit D-2-HG and leverage the potential of L-2-HG have demonstrated efficacy in cancer immunotherapy. This review delves into the metabolism, biological functions, and impacts on the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) of 2-HG, providing a comprehensive exploration of the intricate relationship between 2-HG and antitumor immunity. Additionally, we examine the potential clinical applications of targeted therapy for 2-HG, highlighting recent breakthroughs as well as the existing challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyuan Cai
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Breast Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianyi Zhao
- Jiangsu Breast Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiang Ding
- Jiangsu Breast Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jifu Wei
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, China
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8
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Pang Y, Li Q, Sergi Z, Yu G, Sang X, Kim O, Wang H, Ranjan A, Merchant M, Oudit B, Robey RW, Soheilian F, Tran B, Núñez FJ, Zhang M, Song H, Zhang W, Davis D, Gilbert MR, Gottesman MM, Liu Z, Khan J, Thomas CJ, Castro MG, Gujral TS, Wu J. Exploiting the therapeutic vulnerability of IDH-mutant gliomas with zotiraciclib. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.06.29.547143. [PMID: 37786680 PMCID: PMC10541587 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.29.547143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)-mutant gliomas have distinctive metabolic and biological traits that may render them susceptible to targeted treatments. Here, by conducting a high-throughput drug screen, we pinpointed a specific susceptibility of IDH-mutant gliomas to zotiraciclib (ZTR). ZTR exhibited selective growth inhibition across multiple IDH-mutant glioma in vitro and in vivo models. Mechanistically, ZTR at low doses suppressed CDK9 and RNA Pol II phosphorylation in IDH-mutant cells, disrupting mitochondrial function and NAD+ production, causing oxidative stress. Integrated biochemical profiling of ZTR kinase targets and transcriptomics unveiled that ZTR-induced bioenergetic failure was linked to the suppression of PIM kinase activity. We posit that the combination of mitochondrial dysfunction and an inability to adapt to oxidative stress resulted in significant cell death upon ZTR treatment, ultimately increasing the therapeutic vulnerability of IDH-mutant gliomas. These findings prompted a clinical trial evaluating ZTR in IDH-mutant gliomas towards precision medicine ( NCT05588141 ). Highlights Zotiraciclib (ZTR), a CDK9 inhibitor, hinders IDH-mutant glioma growth in vitro and in vivo . ZTR halts cell cycle, disrupts respiration, and induces oxidative stress in IDH-mutant cells.ZTR unexpectedly inhibits PIM kinases, impacting mitochondria and causing bioenergetic failure.These findings led to the clinical trial NCT05588141, evaluating ZTR for IDH-mutant gliomas.
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Riviere-Cazaux C, Carlstrom LP, Neth BJ, Olson IE, Rajani K, Rahman M, Ikram S, Mansour MA, Mukherjee B, Warrington AE, Short SC, von Zglinicki T, Brown DA, Burma S, Tchkonia T, Schafer MJ, Baker DJ, Kizilbash SH, Kirkland JL, Burns TC. An untapped window of opportunity for glioma: targeting therapy-induced senescence prior to recurrence. NPJ Precis Oncol 2023; 7:126. [PMID: 38030881 PMCID: PMC10687268 DOI: 10.1038/s41698-023-00476-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
High-grade gliomas are primary brain tumors that are incredibly refractory long-term to surgery and chemoradiation, with no proven durable salvage therapies for patients that have failed conventional treatments. Post-treatment, the latent glioma and its microenvironment are characterized by a senescent-like state of mitotic arrest and a senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) induced by prior chemoradiation. Although senescence was once thought to be irreversible, recent evidence has demonstrated that cells may escape this state and re-enter the cell cycle, contributing to tumor recurrence. Moreover, senescent tumor cells could spur the growth of their non-senescent counterparts, thereby accelerating recurrence. In this review, we highlight emerging evidence supporting the use of senolytic agents to ablate latent, senescent-like cells that could contribute to tumor recurrence. We also discuss how senescent cell clearance can decrease the SASP within the tumor microenvironment thereby reducing tumor aggressiveness at recurrence. Finally, senolytics could improve the long-term sequelae of prior therapy on cognition and bone marrow function. We critically review the senolytic drugs currently under preclinical and clinical investigation and the potential challenges that may be associated with deploying senolytics against latent glioma. In conclusion, senescence in glioma and the microenvironment are critical and potential targets for delaying or preventing tumor recurrence and improving patient functional outcomes through senotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ian E Olson
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Masum Rahman
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Samar Ikram
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Bipasha Mukherjee
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Arthur E Warrington
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Neurology, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Susan C Short
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St. James's, St. James's University Hospital, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Thomas von Zglinicki
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Desmond A Brown
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sandeep Burma
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Tamar Tchkonia
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Marissa J Schafer
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Darren J Baker
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - James L Kirkland
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Terry C Burns
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Rochester, MN, USA.
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10
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Venneker S, Bovée JVMG. IDH Mutations in Chondrosarcoma: Case Closed or Not? Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3603. [PMID: 37509266 PMCID: PMC10377514 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15143603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Chondrosarcomas are malignant cartilage-producing tumours that frequently harbour isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 and -2 (IDH) gene mutations. Several studies have confirmed that these mutations are key players in the early stages of cartilage tumour development, but their role in later stages remains ambiguous. The prognostic value of IDH mutations remains unclear and preclinical studies have not identified effective treatment modalities (in)directly targeting these mutations. In contrast, the IDH mutation status is a prognostic factor in other cancers, and IDH mutant inhibitors as well as therapeutic strategies targeting the underlying vulnerabilities induced by IDH mutations seem effective in these tumour types. This discrepancy in findings might be ascribed to a difference in tumour type, elevated D-2-hydroxyglutarate levels, and the type of in vitro model (endogenous vs. genetically modified) used in preclinical studies. Moreover, recent studies suggest that the (epi)genetic landscape in which the IDH mutation functions is an important factor to consider when investigating potential therapeutic strategies or patient outcomes. These findings imply that the dichotomy between IDH wildtype and mutant is too simplistic and additional subgroups indeed exist within chondrosarcoma. Future studies should focus on the identification, characterisation, and tailoring of treatments towards these biological subgroups within IDH wildtype and mutant chondrosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanne Venneker
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Judith V M G Bovée
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
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11
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Tang LW, Mallela AN, Deng H, Richardson TE, Hervey-Jumper SL, McBrayer SK, Abdullah KG. Preclinical modeling of lower-grade gliomas. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1139383. [PMID: 37051530 PMCID: PMC10083350 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1139383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Models for human gliomas prove critical not only to advancing our understanding of glioma biology but also to facilitate the development of therapeutic modalities. Specifically, creating lower-grade glioma (LGG) models has been challenging, contributing to few investigations and the minimal progress in standard treatment over the past decade. In order to reliably predict and validate the efficacies of novel treatments, however, LGG models need to adhere to specific standards that recapitulate tumor genetic aberrations and micro-environment. This underscores the need to revisit existing models of LGG and explore prospective models that may bridge the gap between preclinical insights and clinical translation. This review first outlines a set of criteria aimed to address the current challenges hindering model development. We then evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of existing preclinical models of LGG with respect to these established standards. To conclude, the review discusses potential future directions for integrating existing models to maximize the exploration of disease mechanisms and therapeutics development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilly W. Tang
- Physician Scientist Training Program, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Arka N. Mallela
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Hansen Deng
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Timothy E. Richardson
- Department of Pathology, Cell and Molecular Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Shawn L. Hervey-Jumper
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Samuel K. McBrayer
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Kalil G. Abdullah
- Physician Scientist Training Program, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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12
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Banu MA, Dovas A, Argenziano MG, Zhao W, Grajal HC, Higgins DM, Sperring CP, Pereira B, Ye LF, Mahajan A, Humala N, Furnari JL, Upadhyayula PS, Zandkarimi F, Nguyen TTT, Wu PB, Hai L, Karan C, Razavilar A, Siegelin MD, Kitajewski J, Bruce JN, Stockwell BR, Sims PA, Canoll PD. A cell state specific metabolic vulnerability to GPX4-dependent ferroptosis in glioblastoma. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.22.529581. [PMID: 36865302 PMCID: PMC9980114 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.22.529581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Glioma cells hijack developmental transcriptional programs to control cell state. During neural development, lineage trajectories rely on specialized metabolic pathways. However, the link between tumor cell state and metabolic programs is poorly understood in glioma. Here we uncover a glioma cell state-specific metabolic liability that can be leveraged therapeutically. To model cell state diversity, we generated genetically engineered murine gliomas, induced by deletion of p53 alone (p53) or with constitutively active Notch signaling (N1IC), a pathway critical in controlling cellular fate. N1IC tumors harbored quiescent astrocyte-like transformed cell states while p53 tumors were predominantly comprised of proliferating progenitor-like cell states. N1IC cells exhibit distinct metabolic alterations, with mitochondrial uncoupling and increased ROS production rendering them more sensitive to inhibition of the lipid hydroperoxidase GPX4 and induction of ferroptosis. Importantly, treating patient-derived organotypic slices with a GPX4 inhibitor induced selective depletion of quiescent astrocyte-like glioma cell populations with similar metabolic profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matei A. Banu
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Athanassios Dovas
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael G. Argenziano
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Wenting Zhao
- Department of System Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Dominique M.O. Higgins
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Colin P. Sperring
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Brianna Pereira
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ling F. Ye
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Aayushi Mahajan
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nelson Humala
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Julia L. Furnari
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Pavan S. Upadhyayula
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Fereshteh Zandkarimi
- Department of Biological Sciences and Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Trang T. T. Nguyen
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Peter B. Wu
- Department of Neurological Surgery, UCLA Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Li Hai
- Sulzberger Columbia Genome Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Charles Karan
- Sulzberger Columbia Genome Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Aida Razavilar
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Markus D. Siegelin
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jan Kitajewski
- University of Illinois Cancer Center, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jeffrey N. Bruce
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Brent R. Stockwell
- Department of Biological Sciences and Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Peter A. Sims
- Department of System Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Peter D. Canoll
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
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13
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Ozair A, Bhat V, Alisch RS, Khosla AA, Kotecha RR, Odia Y, McDermott MW, Ahluwalia MS. DNA Methylation and Histone Modification in Low-Grade Gliomas: Current Understanding and Potential Clinical Targets. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15041342. [PMID: 36831683 PMCID: PMC9954183 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15041342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Gliomas, the most common type of malignant primary brain tumor, were conventionally classified through WHO Grades I-IV (now 1-4), with low-grade gliomas being entities belonging to Grades 1 or 2. While the focus of the WHO Classification for Central Nervous System (CNS) tumors had historically been on histopathological attributes, the recently released fifth edition of the classification (WHO CNS5) characterizes brain tumors, including gliomas, using an integration of histological and molecular features, including their epigenetic changes such as histone methylation, DNA methylation, and histone acetylation, which are increasingly being used for the classification of low-grade gliomas. This review describes the current understanding of the role of DNA methylation, demethylation, and histone modification in pathogenesis, clinical behavior, and outcomes of brain tumors, in particular of low-grade gliomas. The review also highlights potential diagnostic and/or therapeutic targets in associated cellular biomolecules, structures, and processes. Targeting of MGMT promoter methylation, TET-hTDG-BER pathway, association of G-CIMP with key gene mutations, PARP inhibition, IDH and 2-HG-associated processes, TERT mutation and ARL9-associated pathways, DNA Methyltransferase (DNMT) inhibition, Histone Deacetylase (HDAC) inhibition, BET inhibition, CpG site DNA methylation signatures, along with others, present exciting avenues for translational research. This review also summarizes the current clinical trial landscape associated with the therapeutic utility of epigenetics in low-grade gliomas. Much of the evidence currently remains restricted to preclinical studies, warranting further investigation to demonstrate true clinical utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Ozair
- Miami Cancer Institute, Baptist Health South Florida, Miami, FL 33176, USA
- Faculty of Medicine, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow 226003, India
| | - Vivek Bhat
- St. John’s Medical College, Bangalore 560034, India
| | - Reid S. Alisch
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53792, USA
| | - Atulya A. Khosla
- Miami Cancer Institute, Baptist Health South Florida, Miami, FL 33176, USA
| | - Rupesh R. Kotecha
- Miami Cancer Institute, Baptist Health South Florida, Miami, FL 33176, USA
- Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Yazmin Odia
- Miami Cancer Institute, Baptist Health South Florida, Miami, FL 33176, USA
- Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Michael W. McDermott
- Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
- Miami Neuroscience Institute, Baptist Health South Florida, Miami, FL 33176, USA
- Correspondence: (M.W.M.); (M.S.A.)
| | - Manmeet S. Ahluwalia
- Miami Cancer Institute, Baptist Health South Florida, Miami, FL 33176, USA
- Miami Neuroscience Institute, Baptist Health South Florida, Miami, FL 33176, USA
- Correspondence: (M.W.M.); (M.S.A.)
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14
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Afsari F, McIntyre TM. D-2-Hydroxyglutarate Inhibits Calcineurin Phosphatase Activity to Abolish NF-AT Activation and IL-2 Induction in Stimulated Lymphocytes. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2023; 210:504-514. [PMID: 36602551 PMCID: PMC11071645 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Gliomas expressing mutant isocitrate dehydrogenases excessively synthesize d-2-hydroxyglutarate (D2HG), suppressing immune surveillance. A portion of this D2HG is released from these tumor cells, but the way environmental D2HG inhibits lymphocyte function is undefined. We incubated human PBLs or Jurkat T cells with D2HG at concentrations present within and surrounding gliomas or its obverse l-2-hydroxyglutarate (L2HG) stereoisomer. We quantified each 2HG stereoisomer within washed cells by N-(p-toluenesulfonyl)-l-phenylalanyl chloride derivatization with stable isotope-labeled D2HG and L2HG internal standards, HPLC separation, and mass spectrometry. D2HG was present in quiescent cells and was twice as abundant as L2HG. Extracellular 2HG rapidly increased intracellular levels of the provided stereoisomer by a stereoselective, concentration-dependent process. IL-2 expression, even when elicited by A23187 and PMA, was abolished by D2HG in a concentration-dependent manner, with significant reduction at just twice its basal level. In contrast, L2HG was only moderately inhibitory. IL-2 expression is regulated by increased intracellular Ca2+ that stimulates calcineurin to dephosphorylate cytoplasmic phospho-NF-AT, enabling its nuclear translocation. D2HG abolished stimulated expression of a stably integrated NF-AT-driven luciferase reporter that precisely paralleled its concentration-dependent inhibition of IL-2. D2HG did not affect intracellular Ca2+. Rather, surface plasmon resonance showed D2HG, but not L2HG, bound calcineurin, and D2HG, but not L2HG, inhibited Ca2+-dependent calcineurin phosphatase activity in stimulated Jurkat extracts. Thus, D2HG is a stereoselective calcineurin phosphatase inhibitor that prevents NF-AT dephosphorylation and so abolishes IL-2 transcription in stimulated lymphocytes. This occurs at D2HG concentrations found within and adjacent to gliomas independent of its metabolic or epigenetic transcriptional regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faezeh Afsari
- Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Thomas M. McIntyre
- Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
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15
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Cellular senescence in malignant cells promotes tumor progression in mouse and patient Glioblastoma. Nat Commun 2023; 14:441. [PMID: 36707509 PMCID: PMC9883514 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36124-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common primary malignant brain tumor in adults, yet it remains refractory to systemic therapy. Elimination of senescent cells has emerged as a promising new treatment approach against cancer. Here, we investigated the contribution of senescent cells to GBM progression. Senescent cells are identified in patient and mouse GBMs. Partial removal of p16Ink4a-expressing malignant senescent cells, which make up less than 7 % of the tumor, modifies the tumor ecosystem and improves the survival of GBM-bearing female mice. By combining single cell and bulk RNA sequencing, immunohistochemistry and genetic knockdowns, we identify the NRF2 transcription factor as a determinant of the senescent phenotype. Remarkably, our mouse senescent transcriptional signature and underlying mechanisms of senescence are conserved in patient GBMs, in whom higher senescence scores correlate with shorter survival times. These findings suggest that senolytic drug therapy may be a beneficial adjuvant therapy for patients with GBM.
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16
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Fortin Ensign SP, Jenkins RB, Giannini C, Sarkaria JN, Galanis E, Kizilbash SH. Translational significance of CDKN2A/B homozygous deletion in isocitrate dehydrogenase-mutant astrocytoma. Neuro Oncol 2023; 25:28-36. [PMID: 35973817 PMCID: PMC9825307 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noac205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) 1 or 2 mutations confer a favorable prognosis compared to IDH-wildtype in astrocytoma, frequently denoting a lower grade malignancy. However, recent molecular profiling has identified specific aggressive tumor subgroups with clear clinical prognostic implications that are independent of histologic grading. The homozygous deletion of CDKN2A/B is the strongest implicated independent indicator of the poor prognosis within IDH-mutant astrocytoma, and the identification of this alteration in these lower histologic grade tumors transforms their biology toward an aggressive grade 4 phenotype clinically. CDKN2A/B homozygous deletion is now sufficient to define a grade 4 tumor in IDH-mutant astrocytomas regardless of histologic appearance, yet there are currently no effective molecularly informed targeted therapies for these tumors. The biological impact of CDKN2A/B homozygous deletion in IDH-mutant tumors and the optimal treatment strategy for this molecular subgroup remains insufficiently explored. Here we review the current understanding of the translational significance of homozygous deletion of CDKN2A/B gene expression in IDH-mutant astrocytoma and associated diagnostic and therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robert B Jenkins
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Caterina Giannini
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Jann N Sarkaria
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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17
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Koessinger AL, Cloix C, Koessinger D, Heiland DH, Bock FJ, Strathdee K, Kinch K, Martínez-Escardó L, Paul NR, Nixon C, Malviya G, Jackson MR, Campbell KJ, Stevenson K, Davis S, Elmasry Y, Ahmed A, O'Prey J, Ichim G, Schnell O, Stewart W, Blyth K, Ryan KM, Chalmers AJ, Norman JC, Tait SWG. Increased apoptotic sensitivity of glioblastoma enables therapeutic targeting by BH3-mimetics. Cell Death Differ 2022; 29:2089-2104. [PMID: 35473984 PMCID: PMC9525582 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-022-01001-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most prevalent malignant primary brain tumour in adults. GBM typically has a poor prognosis, mainly due to a lack of effective treatment options leading to tumour persistence or recurrence. We investigated the therapeutic potential of targeting anti-apoptotic BCL-2 proteins in GBM. Levels of anti-apoptotic BCL-xL and MCL-1 were consistently increased in GBM compared with non-malignant cells and tissue. Moreover, we found that relative to their differentiated counterparts, patient-derived GBM stem-like cells also displayed higher expression of anti-apoptotic BCL-2 family members. High anti-apoptotic BCL-xL and MCL-1 expression correlated with heightened susceptibility of GBM to BCL-2 family protein-targeting BH3-mimetics. This is indicative of increased apoptotic priming. Indeed, GBM displayed an obligate requirement for MCL-1 expression in both tumour development and maintenance. Investigating this apoptotic sensitivity, we found that sequential inhibition of BCL-xL and MCL-1 led to robust anti-tumour responses in vivo, in the absence of overt toxicity. These data demonstrate that BCL-xL and MCL-1 pro-survival function is a fundamental prerequisite for GBM survival that can be therapeutically exploited by BH3-mimetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna L Koessinger
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - Catherine Cloix
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - Dominik Koessinger
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Centre, University of Freiburg, Breisacher Straße 64, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Dieter Henrik Heiland
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Centre, University of Freiburg, Breisacher Straße 64, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Florian J Bock
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
- Department of Radiotherapy (MAASTRO), GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, 6229 ER, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Karen Strathdee
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - Kevin Kinch
- Department of Neuropathology, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital and Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Laura Martínez-Escardó
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - Nikki R Paul
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - Colin Nixon
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - Gaurav Malviya
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - Mark R Jackson
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - Kirsteen J Campbell
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - Katrina Stevenson
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - Sandeep Davis
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - Yassmin Elmasry
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - Asma Ahmed
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - Jim O'Prey
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - Gabriel Ichim
- Cancer Research Centre of Lyon (CRCL) INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Lyon, France
| | - Oliver Schnell
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Centre, University of Freiburg, Breisacher Straße 64, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - William Stewart
- Department of Neuropathology, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital and Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Karen Blyth
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - Kevin M Ryan
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - Anthony J Chalmers
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - Jim C Norman
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - Stephen W G Tait
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK.
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK.
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18
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Torrini C, Nguyen TTT, Shu C, Mela A, Humala N, Mahajan A, Seeley EH, Zhang G, Westhoff MA, Karpel-Massler G, Bruce JN, Canoll P, Siegelin MD. Lactate is an epigenetic metabolite that drives survival in model systems of glioblastoma. Mol Cell 2022; 82:3061-3076.e6. [PMID: 35948010 PMCID: PMC9391294 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2022.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Lactate accumulates to a significant amount in glioblastomas (GBMs), the most common primary malignant brain tumor with an unfavorable prognosis. However, it remains unclear whether lactate is metabolized by GBMs. Here, we demonstrated that lactate rescued patient-derived xenograft (PDX) GBM cells from nutrient-deprivation-mediated cell death. Transcriptome analysis, ATAC-seq, and ChIP-seq showed that lactate entertained a signature of oxidative energy metabolism. LC/MS analysis demonstrated that U-13C-lactate elicited substantial labeling of TCA-cycle metabolites, acetyl-CoA, and histone protein acetyl-residues in GBM cells. Lactate enhanced chromatin accessibility and histone acetylation in a manner dependent on oxidative energy metabolism and the ATP-citrate lyase (ACLY). Utilizing orthotopic PDX models of GBM, a combined tracer experiment unraveled that lactate carbons were substantially labeling the TCA-cycle metabolites. Finally, pharmacological blockage of oxidative energy metabolism extended overall survival in two orthotopic PDX models in mice. These results establish lactate metabolism as a novel druggable pathway for GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Consuelo Torrini
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Trang Thi Thu Nguyen
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Chang Shu
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Angeliki Mela
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Nelson Humala
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Aayushi Mahajan
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Erin Heather Seeley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Guoan Zhang
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Core Facility, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Mike-Andrew Westhoff
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Jeffrey N Bruce
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Peter Canoll
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Markus D Siegelin
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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19
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Zhang B, Peng H, Zhou M, Bao L, Wang C, Cai F, Zhang H, Wang JE, Niu Y, Chen Y, Wang Y, Hatanpaa KJ, Copland JA, DeBerardinis RJ, Wang Y, Luo W. Targeting BCAT1 Combined with α-Ketoglutarate Triggers Metabolic Synthetic Lethality in Glioblastoma. Cancer Res 2022; 82:2388-2402. [PMID: 35499760 PMCID: PMC9256772 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-21-3868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Branched-chain amino acid transaminase 1 (BCAT1) is upregulated selectively in human isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) wildtype (WT) but not mutant glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) and promotes IDHWT GBM growth. Through a metabolic synthetic lethal screen, we report here that α-ketoglutarate (AKG) kills IDHWT GBM cells when BCAT1 protein is lost, which is reversed by reexpression of BCAT1 or supplementation with branched-chain α-ketoacids (BCKA), downstream metabolic products of BCAT1. In patient-derived IDHWT GBM tumors in vitro and in vivo, cotreatment of BCAT1 inhibitor gabapentin and AKG resulted in synthetic lethality. However, AKG failed to evoke a synthetic lethal effect with loss of BCAT2, BCKDHA, or GPT2 in IDHWT GBM cells. Mechanistically, loss of BCAT1 increased the NAD+/NADH ratio but impaired oxidative phosphorylation, mTORC1 activity, and nucleotide biosynthesis. These metabolic alterations were synergistically augmented by AKG treatment, thereby causing mitochondrial dysfunction and depletion of cellular building blocks, including ATP, nucleotides, and proteins. Partial restoration of ATP, nucleotides, proteins, and mTORC1 activity by BCKA supplementation prevented IDHWT GBM cell death conferred by the combination of BCAT1 loss and AKG. These findings define a targetable metabolic vulnerability in the most common subset of GBM that is currently incurable. SIGNIFICANCE Metabolic synthetic lethal screening in IDHWT glioblastoma defines a vulnerability to ΑΚG following BCAT1 loss, uncovering a therapeutic strategy to improve glioblastoma treatment. See related commentary by Meurs and Nagrath, p. 2354.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhang
- Department of Pathology, UT Southwestern Medical Center,
Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Hui Peng
- Department of Pathology, UT Southwestern Medical Center,
Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Mi Zhou
- Department of Pathology, UT Southwestern Medical Center,
Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Lei Bao
- Department of Pathology, UT Southwestern Medical Center,
Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Chenliang Wang
- Department of Pathology, UT Southwestern Medical Center,
Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Feng Cai
- Children’s Medical Center Research Institute, UT
Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Hongxia Zhang
- Department of Pathology, UT Southwestern Medical Center,
Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Jennifer E. Wang
- Department of Pathology, UT Southwestern Medical Center,
Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Yanling Niu
- Department of Pathology, UT Southwestern Medical Center,
Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Pathology, UT Southwestern Medical Center,
Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Yijie Wang
- Department of Pathology, UT Southwestern Medical Center,
Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Kimmo J. Hatanpaa
- Department of Pathology, UT Southwestern Medical Center,
Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - John A. Copland
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
32224 USA
| | - Ralph J. DeBerardinis
- Children’s Medical Center Research Institute, UT
Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, UT Southwestern Medical
Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Yingfei Wang
- Department of Pathology, UT Southwestern Medical Center,
Dallas, TX 75390, USA.,Department of Neurology, UT Southwestern Medical Center,
Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Weibo Luo
- Department of Pathology, UT Southwestern Medical Center,
Dallas, TX 75390, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, UT Southwestern Medical Center,
Dallas, TX 75390, USA.,Address correspondence to: Weibo Luo, Department
of Pathology, UT Southwestern Medical Center. 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., NB6.460,
Dallas, TX 75390-9072, USA. Phone: 214.645.4770;
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20
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Rahman M, Olson I, Mansour M, Carlstrom LP, Sutiwisesak R, Saber R, Rajani K, Warrington AE, Howard A, Schroeder M, Chen S, Decker PA, Sananikone EF, Zhu Y, Tchkonia T, Parney IF, Burma S, Brown D, Rodriguez M, Sarkaria JN, Kirkland JL, Burns TC. Selective Vulnerability of Senescent Glioblastoma Cells to BCL-XL Inhibition. Mol Cancer Res 2022; 20:938-948. [PMID: 35191501 PMCID: PMC9196639 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-21-0029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a rapidly fatal malignancy typically treated with radiation and temozolomide (TMZ), an alkylating chemotherapeutic. These cytotoxic therapies cause oxidative stress and DNA damage, yielding a senescent-like state of replicative arrest in surviving tumor cells. Unfortunately, recurrence is inevitable and may be driven by surviving tumor cells eventually escaping senescence. A growing number of so-called "senolytic" drugs have been recently identified that are defined by their ability to selectively eliminate senescent cells. A growing inventory of senolytic drugs is under consideration for several diseases associated with aging, inflammation, DNA damage, as well as cancer. Ablation of senescent tumor cells after radiation and chemotherapy could help mitigate recurrence by decreasing the burden of residual tumor cells at risk of recurrence. This strategy has not been previously explored for GBM. We evaluated a panel of 10 previously described senolytic drugs to determine whether any could exhibit selective activity against human GBM persisting after exposure to radiation or TMZ. Three of the 10 drugs have known activity against BCL-XL and preferentially induced apoptosis in radiated or TMZ-treated glioma. This senolytic activity was observed in 12 of 12 human GBM cell lines. Efficacy could not be replicated with BCL-2 inhibition or senolytic agents acting against other putative senolytic targets. Knockdown of BCL-XL decreased survival of radiated GBM cells, whereas knockdown of BCL-2 or BCL-W yielded no senolytic effect. IMPLICATIONS These findings imply that molecularly heterogeneous GBM lines share selective senescence-induced BCL-XL dependency increase the significance and translational relevance of the senolytic therapy for latent glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masum Rahman
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Ian Olson
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Moustafa Mansour
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | | | - Rujapope Sutiwisesak
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Rehan Saber
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Karishma Rajani
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | | | - Adam Howard
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Mark Schroeder
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Sisi Chen
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Paul A. Decker
- Department of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | | | - Yi Zhu
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Tamar Tchkonia
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Ian F. Parney
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Sandeep Burma
- Department of Neurosurgery, Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Desmond Brown
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Moses Rodriguez
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Jann N. Sarkaria
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - James L. Kirkland
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Terry C. Burns
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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21
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A Novel Classification Model for Lower-Grade Glioma Patients Based on Pyroptosis-Related Genes. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12060700. [PMID: 35741587 PMCID: PMC9221219 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12060700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies demonstrated that pyroptosis plays a crucial role in shaping the tumor-immune microenvironment. However, the influence of pyroptosis on lower-grade glioma regarding immunotherapy and targeted therapy is still unknown. This study analyzed the variations of 33 pyroptosis-related genes in lower-grade glioma and normal tissues. Our study found considerable genetic and expression alterations in heterogeneity among lower-grade gliomas and normal brain tissues. There are two pyroptosis phenotypes in lower-grade glioma, and they exhibited differences in cell infiltration characteristics and clinical characters. Then, a PyroScore model using the lasso-cox method was constructed to measure the level of pyroptosis in each patient. PyroScore can refine the lower-grade glioma patients with a stratified prognosis and a distinct tumor immune microenvironment. Pyscore may also be an effective factor in predicting potential therapeutic benefits. In silico analysis showed that patients with a lower PyroScore are expected to be more sensitive to targeted therapy and immunotherapy. These findings may enhance our understanding of pyroptosis in lower-grade glioma and might help optimize risk stratification for the survival and personalized management of lower-grade glioma patients.
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22
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Different Effects of RNAi-Mediated Downregulation or Chemical Inhibition of NAMPT in an Isogenic IDH Mutant and Wild-Type Glioma Cell Model. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105787. [PMID: 35628596 PMCID: PMC9143996 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The IDH1R132H mutation in glioma results in the neoenzymatic function of IDH1, leading to the production of the oncometabolite 2-hydroxyglutarate (2-HG), alterations in energy metabolism and changes in the cellular redox household. Although shifts in the redox ratio NADPH/NADP+ were described, the consequences for the NAD+ synthesis pathways and potential therapeutic interventions were largely unexplored. Here, we describe the effects of heterozygous IDH1R132H on the redox system in a CRISPR/Cas edited glioblastoma model and compare them with IDH1 wild-type (IDH1wt) cells. Besides an increase in 2-HG and decrease in NADPH, we observed an increase in NAD+ in IDH1R132H glioblastoma cells. RT-qPCR analysis revealed the upregulation of the expression of the NAD+ synthesis enzyme nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT). Knockdown of NAMPT resulted in significantly reduced viability in IDH1R132H glioblastoma cells. Given this dependence of IDH1R132H cells on NAMPT expression, we explored the effects of the NAMPT inhibitors FK866, GMX1778 and GNE-617. Surprisingly, these agents were equally cytotoxic to IDH1R132H and IDH1wt cells. Altogether, our results indicate that targeting the NAD+ synthesis pathway is a promising therapeutic strategy in IDH mutant gliomas; however, the agent should be carefully considered since three small-molecule inhibitors of NAMPT tested in this study were not suitable for this purpose.
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23
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He W, Li X, Morsch M, Ismail M, Liu Y, Rehman FU, Zhang D, Wang Y, Zheng M, Chung R, Zou Y, Shi B. Brain-Targeted Codelivery of Bcl-2/Bcl-xl and Mcl-1 Inhibitors by Biomimetic Nanoparticles for Orthotopic Glioblastoma Therapy. ACS NANO 2022; 16:6293-6308. [PMID: 35353498 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c00320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is among the most treatment-resistant solid tumors and often recurrs after resection. One of the mechanisms through which GBM escapes various treatment modalities is the overexpression of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family proteins (e.g., Bcl-2, Bcl-xl, and Mcl-1) in tumor cells. Small-molecule inhibitors such as ABT-263 (ABT), which can promote mitochondrial-mediated cell apoptosis by selectively inhibiting the function of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xl, have been proven to be promising anticancer agents in clinical trials. However, the therapeutic prospects of ABT for GBM treatment are hampered by its limited blood-brain barrier (BBB) penetration, dose-dependent thrombocytopenia, and the drug resistance driven by Mcl-1, which is overexpressed in GBM cells and further upregulated upon treatment with ABT. Herein, we reported that the Mcl-1-specific inhibitor A-1210477 (A12) can act synergistically with ABT to induce potent cell apoptosis in U87 MG cells, drug-resistant U251 cells, and patient-derived GBM cancer stem cells. We further designed a biomimetic nanomedicine, based on the apolipoprotein E (ApoE) peptide-decorated red blood cell membrane and pH-sensitive dextran nanoparticles, for the brain-targeted delivery of ABT and A12. The synergistic anti-GBM effect was retained after encapsulation in the nanomedicine. Additionally, the obtained nanomedicine possessed good biocompatibility, exhibited efficient BBB penetration, and could effectively suppress tumor growth and prolong the survival time of mice bearing orthotopic GBM xenografts without inducing detectable adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marco Morsch
- Center for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Roger Chung
- Center for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia
| | - Yan Zou
- Center for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia
| | - Bingyang Shi
- Center for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia
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24
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Persico P, Lorenzi E, Losurdo A, Dipasquale A, Di Muzio A, Navarria P, Pessina F, Politi LS, Lombardi G, Santoro A, Simonelli M. Precision Oncology in Lower-Grade Gliomas: Promises and Pitfalls of Therapeutic Strategies Targeting IDH-Mutations. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14051125. [PMID: 35267433 PMCID: PMC8909346 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14051125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)1 and its homolog IDH2 are considered an earliest "driver" genetic event during gliomagenesis, representing now the molecular hallmark of lower-grade gliomas (LGGs). IDH-mutated genes encode for a neomorphic enzyme that converts α-ketoglutarate to the oncometabolite D-2-hydroxyglutarate (2-HG), which accumulates to high concentrations and alters cellular epigenetics and metabolism. Targeting IDH mutations is the first attempt to apply "precision oncology" in LGGs. Two distinct strategies have been proposed so far and are under intense clinical investigation: (i) reducing the amount of intratumoral 2-HG by directly blocking the function of mutant IDH enzyme; (ii) exploiting the selective epigenetic and metabolic cellular vulnerabilities as a consequence of 2-HG accumulation. The present review describes the physiopathological mechanisms by which IDH mutations lead to tumorigenesis, discussing their prognostic significance and pivotal role in the gliomas diagnostic classification system. We critically review preclinical evidence and available clinical data of first-generation mutant-selective IDH inhibitors and novel IDH-targeted vaccines. Finally, as an alternative and attractive approach, we present the rationale to take advantage of selective 2-HG related epigenetic and metabolic weaknesses. The results of ongoing clinical trials will help us clarify the complex scenario of IDH-targeted therapeutic approaches in gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale Persico
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, 20090 Milan, Italy; (P.P.); (A.D.M.); (A.D.M.); (F.P.); (L.S.P.); (A.S.)
- Oncology Department, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Milan, Italy; (E.L.); (A.L.)
| | - Elena Lorenzi
- Oncology Department, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Milan, Italy; (E.L.); (A.L.)
| | - Agnese Losurdo
- Oncology Department, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Milan, Italy; (E.L.); (A.L.)
| | - Angelo Dipasquale
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, 20090 Milan, Italy; (P.P.); (A.D.M.); (A.D.M.); (F.P.); (L.S.P.); (A.S.)
- Oncology Department, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Milan, Italy; (E.L.); (A.L.)
| | - Antonio Di Muzio
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, 20090 Milan, Italy; (P.P.); (A.D.M.); (A.D.M.); (F.P.); (L.S.P.); (A.S.)
- Oncology Department, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Milan, Italy; (E.L.); (A.L.)
| | - Pierina Navarria
- Radiotherapy Department, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Milan, Italy;
| | - Federico Pessina
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, 20090 Milan, Italy; (P.P.); (A.D.M.); (A.D.M.); (F.P.); (L.S.P.); (A.S.)
- Neurosurgery Department, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Milan, Italy
| | - Letterio Salvatore Politi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, 20090 Milan, Italy; (P.P.); (A.D.M.); (A.D.M.); (F.P.); (L.S.P.); (A.S.)
- Neuroradiology Department, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Lombardi
- Department of Oncology, Oncology 1, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Via Gattamelata 64, 35128 Padua, Italy;
| | - Armando Santoro
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, 20090 Milan, Italy; (P.P.); (A.D.M.); (A.D.M.); (F.P.); (L.S.P.); (A.S.)
- Oncology Department, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Milan, Italy; (E.L.); (A.L.)
| | - Matteo Simonelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, 20090 Milan, Italy; (P.P.); (A.D.M.); (A.D.M.); (F.P.); (L.S.P.); (A.S.)
- Oncology Department, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Milan, Italy; (E.L.); (A.L.)
- Correspondence:
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25
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Liu Y, Yang H, Liu Q, Pan M, Wang D, Pan S, Zhang W, Wei J, Zhao X, Ji J. Selenocystine-Derived Label-Free Fluorescent Schiff Base Nanocomplex for siRNA Delivery Synergistically Kills Cancer Cells. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27041302. [PMID: 35209090 PMCID: PMC8878402 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27041302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Chemo and siRNA synergic treatments for tumors is a promising new therapeutic trend. Selenocystine, a selenium analog of cysteine, has been considered a potential antitumor agent due to its redox perturbing role. In this study, we developed a nanocarrier for siRNA based on a selenocystine analog engineered polyetherimide and achieved traceable siRNA delivery and the synergic killing of tumor cells. Notably, we applied the label-free Schiff base fluorescence mechanism, which enabled us to trace the siRNA delivery and to monitor the selenocystine analogs’ local performance. A novel selenocystine-derived fluorescent Schiff base linker was used to crosslink the polyetherimide, thereby generating a traceable siRNA delivery vehicle with green fluorescence. Moreover, we found that this compound induced tumor cells to undergo senescence. Together with the delivery of a siRNA targeting the anti-apoptotic BCL-xl/w genes in senescent cells, it achieved a synergistic inhibition function by inducing both senescence and apoptosis of tumor cells. Therefore, this study provides insights into the development of label-free probes, prodrugs, and materials towards the synergic strategies for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Center of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China;
| | - Haoying Yang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Brain Targeted Bio-Nanomedicine, School of Life Sciences & School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China; (H.Y.); (Q.L.); (M.P.); (S.P.); (W.Z.)
| | - Qian Liu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Brain Targeted Bio-Nanomedicine, School of Life Sciences & School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China; (H.Y.); (Q.L.); (M.P.); (S.P.); (W.Z.)
| | - Mingming Pan
- Henan Key Laboratory of Brain Targeted Bio-Nanomedicine, School of Life Sciences & School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China; (H.Y.); (Q.L.); (M.P.); (S.P.); (W.Z.)
| | - Danli Wang
- Zhoushan Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Zhoushan 316004, China;
| | - Shiyuan Pan
- Henan Key Laboratory of Brain Targeted Bio-Nanomedicine, School of Life Sciences & School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China; (H.Y.); (Q.L.); (M.P.); (S.P.); (W.Z.)
| | - Weiran Zhang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Brain Targeted Bio-Nanomedicine, School of Life Sciences & School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China; (H.Y.); (Q.L.); (M.P.); (S.P.); (W.Z.)
| | - Jinfeng Wei
- Henan Key Laboratory of Brain Targeted Bio-Nanomedicine, School of Life Sciences & School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China; (H.Y.); (Q.L.); (M.P.); (S.P.); (W.Z.)
- Correspondence: (J.W.); (X.Z.); (J.J.)
| | - Xiaowei Zhao
- Henan Key Laboratory of Brain Targeted Bio-Nanomedicine, School of Life Sciences & School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China; (H.Y.); (Q.L.); (M.P.); (S.P.); (W.Z.)
- Correspondence: (J.W.); (X.Z.); (J.J.)
| | - Junfeng Ji
- Center of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China;
- Correspondence: (J.W.); (X.Z.); (J.J.)
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26
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Li C, Wan Y, Zhang Y, Fu LH, Blum NT, Cui R, Wu B, Zheng R, Lin J, Li Z, Huang P. In Situ Sprayed Starvation/Chemodynamic Therapeutic Gel for Post-Surgical Treatment of IDH1 (R132H) Glioma. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2103980. [PMID: 34775641 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202103980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Complete resection of isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) (R132H) glioma is unfeasible and the classic post-surgical chemo/radiotherapy suffers from high recurrence and low survival rate. IDH1 (R132H) cells are sensitive to low concentrations of glucose and high concentrations of reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to inherent metabolism reprograming. Hence, a starvation/chemodynamic therapeutic gel is developed to combat residual IDH1 (R132H) tumor cells after surgery. Briefly, glucose oxidase (GOx) is mineralized with manganese-doped calcium phosphate to form GOx@MnCaP nanoparticles, which are encapsulated into the fibrin gel (GOx@MnCaP@fibrin). After spraying gel in the surgical cavity, GOx catalyzes the oxidation of glucose in residual IDH1 (R132H) cells and produces H2 O2 . The generated H2 O2 is further converted into highly lethal hydroxyl radicals (•OH) by a Mn2+ -mediated Fenton-like reaction to further kill the residual IDH1 (R132H) cells. The as-prepared starvation/chemodynamic therapeutic gel shows much higher therapeutic efficacy toward IDH1 (R132H) cells than IDH1 (WT) cells, and achieves long-term survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunying Li
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
- Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, International Cancer Center, Laboratory of Evolutionary Theranostics (LET), School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Yilin Wan
- Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, International Cancer Center, Laboratory of Evolutionary Theranostics (LET), School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Yifan Zhang
- Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, International Cancer Center, Laboratory of Evolutionary Theranostics (LET), School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Lian-Hua Fu
- Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, International Cancer Center, Laboratory of Evolutionary Theranostics (LET), School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Nicholas Thomas Blum
- Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, International Cancer Center, Laboratory of Evolutionary Theranostics (LET), School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Run Cui
- Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, International Cancer Center, Laboratory of Evolutionary Theranostics (LET), School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Boda Wu
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
- Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, International Cancer Center, Laboratory of Evolutionary Theranostics (LET), School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Rui Zheng
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
- Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, International Cancer Center, Laboratory of Evolutionary Theranostics (LET), School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Jing Lin
- Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, International Cancer Center, Laboratory of Evolutionary Theranostics (LET), School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Zhiming Li
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Peng Huang
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
- Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, International Cancer Center, Laboratory of Evolutionary Theranostics (LET), School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518060, China
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27
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Nguyen TTT, Shang E, Westhoff MA, Karpel-Massler G, Siegelin MD. Methodological Approaches for Assessing Metabolomic Changes in Glioblastomas. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2445:305-328. [PMID: 34973000 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2071-7_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM), a highly malignant primary brain tumor, inevitably leads to death. In the last decade, a variety of novel molecular characteristics of GBMs were unraveled. The identification of the mutation in the IDH1 and less commonly IDH2 gene was surprising and ever since has nurtured research in the field of GBM metabolism. While initially thought that mutated IDH1 were to act as a loss of function mutation it became clear that it conferred the production of an oncometabolite that in turn substantially reprograms GBM metabolism. While mutated IDH1 represents truly the tip of the iceberg, there are numerous other related observations in GBM that are of significant interest to the field, including the notion that oxidative metabolism appears to play a more critical role than believed earlier. Metabolic zoning is another important hallmark of GBM since it was found that the infiltrative margin that drives GBM progression reveals enrichment of fatty acid derivatives. Consistently, fatty acid metabolism appears to be a novel therapeutic target for GBM. How metabolism in GBM intersects is another pivotal issue that appears to be important for its progression and response and resistance to therapies. In this review, we will summarize some of the most relevant findings related to GBM metabolism and cell death and how these observations are influencing the field. We will provide current approaches that are applied in the field to measure metabolomic changes in GBM models, including the detection of unlabeled and labeled metabolites as well as extracellular flux analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trang T T Nguyen
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Enyuan Shang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bronx Community College, City University of New York, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Mike-Andrew Westhoff
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Markus D Siegelin
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
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Dwucet A, Pruss M, Cao Q, Tanriover M, Prabhu VV, Allen JE, Peraud A, Westhoff MA, Siegelin MD, Wirtz CR, Karpel-Massler G. ONC201/TIC10 Is Empowered by 2-Deoxyglucose and Causes Metabolic Reprogramming in Medulloblastoma Cells in Vitro Independent of C-Myc Expression. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:734699. [PMID: 34900991 PMCID: PMC8661473 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.734699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine whether the imipridone ONC201/TIC10 affects the metabolic and proliferative activity of medulloblastoma cells in vitro. Preclinical drug testing including extracellular flux analyses (agilent seahorse), MTT assays and Western blot analyses were performed in high and low c-myc-expressing medulloblastoma cells. Our data show that treatment with the imipridone ONC201/TIC10 leads to a significant inihibitory effect on the cellular viability of different medulloblastoma cells independent of c-myc expression. This effect is enhanced by glucose starvation. While ONC201/TIC10 decreases the oxidative consumption rates in D458 (c-myc high) and DAOY (c-myc low) cells extracellular acidification rates experienced an increase in D458 and a decrease in DAOY cells. Combined treatment with ONC201/TIC10 and the glycolysis inhibitor 2-Deoxyglucose led to a synergistic inhibitory effect on the cellular viability of medulloblastoma cells including spheroid models. In conclusion, our data suggest that ONC201/TIC10 has a profound anti-proliferative activity against medulloblastoma cells independent of c-myc expression. Metabolic targeting of medulloblastoma cells by ONC201/TIC10 can be significantly enhanced by an additional treatment with the glycolysis inhibitor 2-Deoxyglucose. Further investigations are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Dwucet
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Maximilian Pruss
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Qiyu Cao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Mine Tanriover
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | | | | | - Aurelia Peraud
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Mike-Andrew Westhoff
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Markus D Siegelin
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
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Li L, Yang Y, Wang Z, Xu C, Huang J, Li G. Prognostic role of METTL1 in glioma. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:633. [PMID: 34838021 PMCID: PMC8627054 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-02346-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Current treatment options for glioma are limited, and the prognosis of patients with glioma is poor as the available drugs show low therapeutic efficacy. Furthermore, the molecular mechanisms associated with glioma remain poorly understood. METTL1 mainly catalyzes the formation of N(7)-methylguanine at position 46 of the transfer RNA sequence, thereby regulating the translation process. However, the role of METTL1 in glioma has not been studied to date. The purpose of this study was to analyze the expression and prognosis of METTL1 in glioma, and to explore the potential analysis mechanism. Methods Data from five publicly available databases were used to analyze METTL1 expression across different tumor types and its differential expression between carcinoma and adjacent normal tissues. The expression of METTL1 in glioma was further validated using real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry. Meanwhile, siRNA was used to knockdown METTL1 in U87 glioma cells, and the resultant effect on glioma proliferation was verified using the Cell Counting Kit 8 (CCK8) assay. Furthermore, a nomogram was constructed to predict the association between METTL1 expression and the survival rate of patients with glioma. Results METTL1 expression increased with increasing glioma grades and was significantly higher in glioma than in adjacent noncancerous tissues. In addition, high expression of METTL1 promoted cell proliferation. Moreover, METTL1 expression was associated with common clinical risk factors and was significantly associated with the prognosis and survival of patients with glioma. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses revealed that METTL1 expression may be used as an independent prognostic risk factor for glioma. Furthermore, results of functional enrichment and pathway analyses indicate that the mechanism of METTL1 in glioma is potentially related to the MAPK signaling pathway. Conclusions High METTL1 expression is significantly associated with poor prognosis of patients with glioma and may represent a valuable independent risk factor. In addition, high expression of METTL1 promotes glioma proliferation and may regulate mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway. Thus, METTL1 may be a potential biomarker for glioma. Further investigations are warranted to explore its clinical use. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12935-021-02346-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lun Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Anshan Hospital of the First Hospital of China Medical University, Anshan, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhenshuang Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chengran Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jinhai Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Guangyu Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
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30
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Liu Z, Shah N, Marshall KL, Sprowls SA, Saralkar P, Mohammad A, Blethen KE, Arsiwala TA, Fladeland R, Lockman PR, Gao W. Overcoming the acquired resistance to gefitinib in lung cancer brain metastasis in vitro and in vivo. Arch Toxicol 2021; 95:3575-3587. [PMID: 34455456 PMCID: PMC9511176 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-021-03147-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
In our previous work, PC-9-Br, a PC-9 brain seeking line established via a preclinical animal model of lung cancer brain metastasis (LCBM), exhibited not only resistance to epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI) gefitinib in vitro, but also chemotherapy regimens of cisplatin plus etoposide in vivo. Using this cell line, we investigated novel potential targeted therapeutics for treating LCBM in vitro and in vivo to combat drug resistance. Significant increases in mRNA and protein expression levels of Bcl-2 were found in PC-9-Br compared with parental PC-9 (PC-9-P), but no significant changes of Bcl-XL were observed. A remarkable synergistic effect between EGFR-TKI gefitinib and Bcl-2 inhibitors ABT-263 (0.17 ± 0.010 µM at 48 h and 0.02 ± 0.004 µM at 72 h), or ABT-199 (0.22 ± 0.008 µM at 48 h and 0.02 ± 0.001 µM at 72 h) to overcome acquired resistance to gefitinib (> 0.5 µM at 48 h and 0.10 ± 0.007 µM at 72 h) in PC-9-Br was observed in MTT assays. AZD9291 was also shown to overcome acquired resistance to gefitinib in PC-9-Br in MTT assays (0.23 ± 0.031 µM at 48 h and 0.03 ± 0.008 µM at 72 h). Western blot showed significantly decreased phospho-Erk1/2 and increased cleaved-caspase-3 expressions were potential synergistic mechanisms for gefitinib + ABT263/ABT199 in PC-9-Br. Significantly decreased protein expressions of phospho-EGFR, phospho-Akt, p21, and survivin were specific synergistic mechanism for gefitinib + ABT199 in PC-9-Br. In vivo studies demonstrated afatinib (30 mg/kg) and AZD9291 (25 mg/kg) could significantly reduce the LCBM in vivo and increase survival percentages of treated mice compared with mice treated with vehicle and gefitinib (6.25 mg/kg). In conclusion, our study demonstrated gefitinib + ABT263/ABT199, afatinib, and AZD9291 have clinical potential to treat LCBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongwei Liu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, West Virginia University, 64 Medical Center Drive, Morgantown, WV, 26505, USA
| | - Neal Shah
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, 108 Biomedical Drive, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
- School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, USA
| | - Kent L Marshall
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, West Virginia University, 64 Medical Center Drive, Morgantown, WV, 26505, USA
- School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, USA
- West Virginia Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Morgantown, USA
| | - Samuel A Sprowls
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, 108 Biomedical Drive, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - Pushkar Saralkar
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, 108 Biomedical Drive, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - Afroz Mohammad
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, 108 Biomedical Drive, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - Kathryn E Blethen
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, 108 Biomedical Drive, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - Tasneem A Arsiwala
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, 108 Biomedical Drive, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - Ross Fladeland
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, 108 Biomedical Drive, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - Paul R Lockman
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, 108 Biomedical Drive, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA.
| | - Weimin Gao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, West Virginia University, 64 Medical Center Drive, Morgantown, WV, 26505, USA.
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31
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Fletcher-Sananikone E, Kanji S, Tomimatsu N, Di Cristofaro LFM, Kollipara RK, Saha D, Floyd JR, Sung P, Hromas R, Burns TC, Kittler R, Habib AA, Mukherjee B, Burma S. Elimination of Radiation-Induced Senescence in the Brain Tumor Microenvironment Attenuates Glioblastoma Recurrence. Cancer Res 2021; 81:5935-5947. [PMID: 34580063 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-21-0752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastomas (GBM) are routinely treated with ionizing radiation (IR) but inevitably recur and develop therapy resistance. During treatment, the tissue surrounding tumors is also irradiated. IR potently induces senescence, and senescent stromal cells can promote the growth of neighboring tumor cells by secreting factors that create a senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). Here, we carried out transcriptomic and tumorigenicity analyses in irradiated mouse brains to elucidate how radiotherapy-induced senescence of non-neoplastic brain cells promotes tumor growth. Following cranial irradiation, widespread senescence in the brain occurred, with the astrocytic population being particularly susceptible. Irradiated brains showed an altered transcriptomic profile characterized by upregulation of CDKN1A (p21), a key enforcer of senescence, and several SASP factors, including HGF, the ligand of the receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) Met. Preirradiation of mouse brains increased Met-driven growth and invasiveness of orthotopically implanted glioma cells. Importantly, irradiated p21-/- mouse brains did not exhibit senescence and consequently failed to promote tumor growth. Senescent astrocytes secreted HGF to activate Met in glioma cells and to promote their migration and invasion in vitro, which could be blocked by HGF-neutralizing antibodies or the Met inhibitor crizotinib. Crizotinib also slowed the growth of glioma cells implanted in preirradiated brains. Treatment with the senolytic drug ABT-263 (navitoclax) selectively killed senescent astrocytes in vivo, significantly attenuating growth of glioma cells implanted in preirradiated brains. These results indicate that SASP factors in the irradiated tumor microenvironment drive GBM growth via RTK activation, underscoring the potential utility of adjuvant senolytic therapy for preventing GBM recurrence after radiotherapy. SIGNIFICANCE: This study uncovers mechanisms by which radiotherapy can promote GBM recurrence by inducing senescence in non-neoplastic brain cells, suggesting that senolytic therapy can blunt recurrent GBM growth and aggressiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Suman Kanji
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Health, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Nozomi Tomimatsu
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Health, San Antonio, Texas
| | | | - Rahul K Kollipara
- Eugene McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Debabrata Saha
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - John R Floyd
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Health, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Patrick Sung
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Robert Hromas
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Terry C Burns
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Ralf Kittler
- Eugene McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Amyn A Habib
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.,Veterans Affairs North Texas Health Care System, Dallas, Texas
| | - Bipasha Mukherjee
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Health, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Sandeep Burma
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Health, San Antonio, Texas. .,Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health, San Antonio, Texas
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Burster T, Traut R, Yermekkyzy Z, Mayer K, Westhoff MA, Bischof J, Knippschild U. Critical View of Novel Treatment Strategies for Glioblastoma: Failure and Success of Resistance Mechanisms by Glioblastoma Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:695325. [PMID: 34485282 PMCID: PMC8415230 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.695325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
According to the invasive nature of glioblastoma, which is the most common form of malignant brain tumor, the standard care by surgery, chemo- and radiotherapy is particularly challenging. The presence of glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) and the surrounding tumor microenvironment protects glioblastoma from recognition by the immune system. Conventional therapy concepts have failed to completely remove glioblastoma cells, which is one major drawback in clinical management of the disease. The use of small molecule inhibitors, immunomodulators, immunotherapy, including peptide and mRNA vaccines, and virotherapy came into focus for the treatment of glioblastoma. Although novel strategies underline the benefit for anti-tumor effectiveness, serious challenges need to be overcome to successfully manage tumorigenesis, indicating the significance of developing new strategies. Therefore, we provide insights into the application of different medications in combination to boost the host immune system to interfere with immune evasion of glioblastoma cells which are promising prerequisites for therapeutic approaches to treat glioblastoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timo Burster
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
| | - Rebecca Traut
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Surgery Center, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Zhanerke Yermekkyzy
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
| | - Katja Mayer
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Surgery Center, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Mike-Andrew Westhoff
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Joachim Bischof
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Surgery Center, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Uwe Knippschild
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Surgery Center, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
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Yao K, Liu H, Yin J, Yuan J, Tao H. Synthetic lethality and synergetic effect: the effective strategies for therapy of IDH-mutated cancers. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2021; 40:263. [PMID: 34425876 PMCID: PMC8383362 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-021-02054-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutant isocitrate dehydrogenase 1/2 (mIDH1/2) gain a novel function for the conversion of α-ketoglutarate (α-KG) to oncometabolite R-2-hydroxyglutarate (R-2-HG). Two molecular entities namely enasidenib (AG-221) and ivosidenib (AG-120) targeting mIDH2 and mIDH1 respectively, have already been approved by FDA for the treatment of relapsed/refractory acute myeloid leukemia (R/R AML). However, the low responses, drug-related adverse effects, and most significantly, the clinically-acquired resistance of AG-221 and AG-120 has shown great influence on their clinical application. Therefore, searching for novel therapeutic strategies to enhance tumor sensitivity, reduce drug-related side effects, and overcome drug resistance have opened a new research field for defeating IDH-mutated cancers. As the effective methods, synthetic lethal interactions and synergetic therapies are extensively investigated in recent years for the cure of different cancers. In this review, the molecules displaying synergetic effects with mIDH1/2 inhibitors, as well as the targets showing relevant synthetic lethal interactions with mIDH1/2 are described emphatically. On these foundations, we discuss the opportunities and challenges for translating these strategies into clinic to combat the defects of existing IDH inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Yao
- Brain Science Basic Laboratory, The Affiliated Wuxi Mental Health Center with Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214151, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Clinical Psychology, The Affiliated Wuxi Mental Health Center with Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214151, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hua Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiajun Yin
- Brain Science Basic Laboratory, The Affiliated Wuxi Mental Health Center with Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214151, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianmin Yuan
- Brain Science Basic Laboratory, The Affiliated Wuxi Mental Health Center with Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214151, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Hong Tao
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, Jiangsu, China.
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Photodynamic Therapy Combined with Bcl-2/Bcl-xL Inhibition Increases the Noxa/Mcl-1 Ratio Independent of Usp9X and Synergistically Enhances Apoptosis in Glioblastoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13164123. [PMID: 34439278 PMCID: PMC8393699 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13164123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Glioblastoma represents one of the most common malignant brain tumors in adults and is associated with a poor clinical outcome despite current therapeutic measures. Therefore, novel strategies for the treatment of this disease are urgently needed. In this work, we examined the antineoplastic effects of a combined treatment with photodynamic therapy and ABT-263 on different glioblastoma cells. Photodynamic therapy uses the selective uptake of a photosensitive molecule followed by activation by light of a specific wavelength to kill cancer cells. ABT-263 is a small molecule inhibitor that targets cancer cells by facilitating programmed cell death. This novel combinatorial therapeutic strategy synergistically killed glioblastoma cells. These results indicate that a combination of the two treatment modalities may be of benefit for the treatment of glioblastoma supporting further studies. Abstract The purpose of this study was to assess in vitro whether the biological effects of 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA)-based photodynamic therapy are enhanced by inhibition of the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family proteins Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL in different glioblastoma models. Pre-clinical testing of a microcontroller-based device emitting light of 405 nm wavelength in combination with exposure to 5-ALA (PDT) and the Bcl-2/Bcl-xL inhibitor ABT-263 (navitoclax) was performed in human established and primary cultured glioblastoma cells as well as glioma stem-like cells. We applied cell count analyses to assess cellular proliferation and Annexin V/PI staining to examine pro-apoptotic effects. Western blot analyses and specific knockdown experiments using siRNA were used to examine molecular mechanisms of action. Bcl-2/Bcl-xL inhibition synergistically enhanced apoptosis in combination with PDT. This effect was caspase-dependent. On the molecular level, PDT caused an increased Noxa/Mcl-1 ratio, which was even more pronounced when combined with ABT-263 in a Usp9X-independent manner. Our data showed that Bcl-2/Bcl-xL inhibition increases the response of glioblastoma cells toward photodynamic therapy. This effect can be partly attributed to cytotoxicity and is likely related to a pro-apoptotic shift because of an increased Noxa/Mcl-1 ratio. The results of this study warrant further investigation.
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Influence of scalp block on oncological outcomes of high-grade glioma in adult patients with and without isocitrate dehydrogenase-1 mutation. Sci Rep 2021; 11:16489. [PMID: 34389754 PMCID: PMC8363618 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-95851-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
High-grade gliomas are notorious for a high recurrence rate even after curative resection surgery. Studies regarding the influence of scalp block on high-grade gliomas have been inconclusive, possibly because the condition's most important genetic mutation profile, namely the isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) mutation, had not been analyzed. Therefore, we conducted a single-center study including patients with high-grade glioma who underwent tumor resection between January 2014 and December 2019. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis revealed that scalp block was associated with longer progression-free survival (PFS; 15.17 vs. 10.77 months, p = 0.0018), as was the IDH1 mutation (37.37 vs. 10.90 months, p = 0.0149). Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that scalp block (hazard ratio: 0.436, 95% confidence interval: 0.236-0.807, p = 0.0082), gross total resection (hazard ratio: 0.405, 95% confidence interval: 0.227-0.721, p = 0.0021), and IDH1 mutation (hazard ratio: 0.304, 95% confidence interval: 0.118-0.784, p = 0.0138) were associated with better PFS. Our results demonstrate that application of scalp block, regardless of IDH1 profile, is an independent factor associated with longer PFS for patients with high-grade glioma.
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Kayabolen A, Yilmaz E, Bagci-Onder T. IDH Mutations in Glioma: Double-Edged Sword in Clinical Applications? Biomedicines 2021; 9:799. [PMID: 34356864 PMCID: PMC8301439 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9070799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Discovery of point mutations in the genes encoding isocitrate dehydrogenases (IDH) in gliomas about a decade ago has challenged our view of the role of metabolism in tumor progression and provided a new stratification strategy for malignant gliomas. IDH enzymes catalyze the conversion of isocitrate to alpha-ketoglutarate (α-KG), an intermediate in the citric acid cycle. Specific mutations in the genes encoding IDHs cause neomorphic enzymatic activity that produces D-2-hydroxyglutarate (2-HG) and result in the inhibition of α-KG-dependent enzymes such as histone and DNA demethylases. Thus, chromatin structure and gene expression profiles in IDH-mutant gliomas appear to be different from those in IDH-wildtype gliomas. IDH mutations are highly common in lower grade gliomas (LGG) and secondary glioblastomas, and they are among the earliest genetic events driving tumorigenesis. Therefore, inhibition of mutant IDH enzymes in LGGs is widely accepted as an attractive therapeutic strategy. On the other hand, the metabolic consequences derived from IDH mutations lead to selective vulnerabilities within tumor cells, making them more sensitive to several therapeutic interventions. Therefore, instead of shutting down mutant IDH enzymes, exploiting the selective vulnerabilities caused by them might be another attractive and promising strategy. Here, we review therapeutic options and summarize current preclinical and clinical studies on IDH-mutant gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisan Kayabolen
- Brain Cancer Research and Therapy Lab, Koç University School of Medicine, 34450 Istanbul, Turkey; (A.K.); (E.Y.)
- Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), 34450 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ebru Yilmaz
- Brain Cancer Research and Therapy Lab, Koç University School of Medicine, 34450 Istanbul, Turkey; (A.K.); (E.Y.)
- Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), 34450 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tugba Bagci-Onder
- Brain Cancer Research and Therapy Lab, Koç University School of Medicine, 34450 Istanbul, Turkey; (A.K.); (E.Y.)
- Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), 34450 Istanbul, Turkey
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Bianchetti E, Bates SJ, Nguyen TTT, Siegelin MD, Roth KA. RAB38 Facilitates Energy Metabolism and Counteracts Cell Death in Glioblastoma Cells. Cells 2021; 10:cells10071643. [PMID: 34209035 PMCID: PMC8306361 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is a high-grade glial neoplasm with a patient survival of 12–18 months. Therefore, the identification of novel therapeutic targets is an urgent need. RAB38 is a GTPase protein implicated in regulating cell proliferation and survival in tumors. The role of RAB38 in glioblastoma is relatively unexplored. Here, we test the hypothesis that RAB38 regulates glioblastoma growth using human glioblastoma cell lines. We found that genetic interference of RAB38 resulted in a decrease in glioblastoma growth through inhibition of proliferation and cell death induction. Transcriptome analysis showed that RAB38 silencing leads to changes in genes related to mitochondrial metabolism and intrinsic apoptosis (e.g., Bcl-xL). Consistently, rescue experiments demonstrated that loss of RAB38 causes a reduction in glioblastoma viability through downregulation of Bcl-xL. Moreover, RAB38 knockdown inhibited both glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation. Interference with RAB38 enhanced cell death induced by BH3-mimetics. RAB38 antagonists are under development, but not yet clinically available. We found that FDA-approved statins caused a rapid reduction in RAB38 protein levels, increased cell death, and phenocopied some of the molecular changes elicited by loss of RAB38. In summary, our findings suggest that RAB38 is a potential therapeutic target for glioblastoma treatment.
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Nguyen TTT, Westhoff MA, Karpel-Massler G, Siegelin MD. Targeting super-enhancers reprograms glioblastoma central carbon metabolism. Oncotarget 2021; 12:1309-1313. [PMID: 34194627 PMCID: PMC8238252 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The concept that tumor cells demand a distinct form of metabolism was appreciated almost a century ago when the German biochemist Otto Warburg realized that tumor cells heavily utilize glucose and produce lactic acid while relatively reducing oxidative metabolism. How this phenomenon is orchestrated and regulated is only partially understood and seems to involve certain transcription factors, including c-Myc, HIF1A and others. The epigenome eintails the posttranslational modification of histone proteins which in turn are involved in regulation of transcription. Recently, it was found that cis-regulatory elements appear to facilitate the Warburg effects since several genes encoding for glycolysis and associated pathways are surrounded by enhancer/super-enhancer regions. Disruption of these regions by FDA-approved HDAC inhibitors suppressed the transcription of these genes and elicited a reversal of the Warburg effect with activation of transcription factors facilitating oxidative energy metabolism with increases in transcription factors that are part of the PPARA family. Therefore, combined targeting of HDACs and oxidative metabolism suppressed tumor growth in patient-derived xenograft models of solid tumors, including glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trang T T Nguyen
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mike-Andrew Westhoff
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Markus D Siegelin
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
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Wu J, Yuan Y, Long Priel DA, Fink D, Peer CJ, Sissung TM, Su YT, Pang Y, Yu G, Butler MK, Mendoza TR, Vera E, Ahmad S, Bryla C, Lindsley M, Grajkowska E, Mentges K, Boris L, Antony R, Garren N, Siegel C, Lollo N, Cordova C, Aboud O, Theeler BJ, Burton EM, Penas-Prado M, Leeper H, Gonzales J, Armstrong TS, Calvo KR, Figg WD, Kuhns DB, Gallin JI, Gilbert MR. Phase I Study of Zotiraciclib in Combination with Temozolomide for Patients with Recurrent High-grade Astrocytomas. Clin Cancer Res 2021; 27:3298-3306. [PMID: 33785481 PMCID: PMC8197750 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-20-4730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the toxicity profile and establish an optimal dosing schedule of zotiraciclib with temozolomide in patients with recurrent high-grade astrocytoma. PATIENTS AND METHODS This two-stage phase I trial determined the MTD of zotiraciclib combined with either dose-dense (Arm1) or metronomic (Arm2) temozolomide using a Bayesian Optimal Interval design; then a randomized cohort expansion compared the progression-free survival rate at 4 months (PFS4) of the two arms for an efficient determination of a temozolomide schedule to combine with zotiraciclib at MTD. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacogenomic profiling were included. Patient-reported outcome was evaluated by longitudinal symptom burden. RESULTS Fifty-three patients were enrolled. Dose-limiting toxicities were neutropenia, diarrhea, elevated liver enzymes, and fatigue. MTD of zotiraciclib was 250 mg in both arms and thus selected for the cohort expansion. Dose-dense temozolomide plus zotiraciclib (PSF4 40%) compared favorably with metronomic temozolomide (PFS4 25%). Symptom burden worsened at cycle 2 but stabilized by cycle 4 in both arms. A significant decrease in absolute neutrophil count and neutrophil reactive oxygen species production occurred 12-24 hours after an oral dose of zotiraciclib but both recovered by 72 hours. Pharmacokinetic/pharmacogenomic analyses revealed that the CYP1A2_5347T>C (rs2470890) polymorphism was associated with higher AUCinf value. CONCLUSIONS Zotiraciclib combined with temozolomide is safe in patients with recurrent high-grade astrocytomas. Zotiraciclib-induced neutropenia can be profound but mostly transient, warranting close monitoring rather than treatment discontinuation. Once validated, polymorphisms predicting drug metabolism may allow personalized dosing of zotiraciclib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wu
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland.
| | - Ying Yuan
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Debra A Long Priel
- Neutrophil Monitoring Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Danielle Fink
- Neutrophil Monitoring Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Cody J Peer
- Clinical Pharmacology Program, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Tristan M Sissung
- Clinical Pharmacology Program, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Yu-Ting Su
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Ying Pang
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Guangyang Yu
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Madison K Butler
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Tito R Mendoza
- Department of Symptom Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Elizabeth Vera
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | - Christine Bryla
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Matthew Lindsley
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Ewa Grajkowska
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Kelly Mentges
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Lisa Boris
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Ramya Antony
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Nancy Garren
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Christine Siegel
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Nicole Lollo
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Christine Cordova
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Orwa Aboud
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Brett J Theeler
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Eric M Burton
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Marta Penas-Prado
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Heather Leeper
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Javier Gonzales
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Terri S Armstrong
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | - William D Figg
- Clinical Pharmacology Program, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Douglas B Kuhns
- Neutrophil Monitoring Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland
| | | | - Mark R Gilbert
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
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IDH Inhibitors and Beyond: The Cornerstone of Targeted Glioma Treatment. Mol Diagn Ther 2021; 25:457-473. [PMID: 34095989 DOI: 10.1007/s40291-021-00537-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Diffuse low-grade gliomas account for approximately 20% of all primary brain tumors, they arise from glial cells and show infiltrative growth without histological features of malignancy. Mutations of the IDH1 and IDH2 genes constitute a reliable molecular signature of low-grade gliomas and are the earliest driver mutations occurring during gliomagenesis, representing a relevant biomarker with diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive value. IDH mutations induce a neomorphic enzyme that converts α-ketoglutarate to the oncometabolite D-2-hydroxyglutarate, which leads to widespread effects on cellular epigenetics and metabolism. Currently, there are no approved molecularly targeted therapies and the standard treatment for low-grade gliomas consists of radiation therapy and chemotherapy, with rising concern about treatment-related toxicities. Targeting D-2-hydroxyglutarate is considered a novel attractive therapeutic approach for low-grade gliomas and the insights from clinical trials suggest that mutant-selective IDH inhibitors are the ideal candidates, with a favorable benefit/risk ratio. A pivotal question is whether blocking IDH neomorphic activity may activate alternative oncogenetic pathways, inducing acquired resistance to IDH inhibitors. Based on this rationale, combination therapies to enhance the antitumor activity of IDH inhibitors and approaches aimed at exploiting, rather than inhibiting, the metabolism of IDH-mutant cancer cells, such as poly (adenosine 5'-diphosphate-ribose) polymerase inhibitors, are emerging from preclinical research and clinical trials. In this review, we discuss the pivotal role of IDH mutations in gliomagenesis and the complex interactions between the genomic and epigenetic landscapes, providing an overview of how, in the last decade, therapeutic approaches for low-grade gliomas have evolved.
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The Acidic Brain-Glycolytic Switch in the Microenvironment of Malignant Glioma. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115518. [PMID: 34073734 PMCID: PMC8197239 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant glioma represents a fatal disease with a poor prognosis and development of resistance mechanisms against conventional therapeutic approaches. The distinct tumor zones of this heterogeneous neoplasm develop their own microenvironment, in which subpopulations of cancer cells communicate. Adaptation to hypoxia in the center of the expanding tumor mass leads to the glycolytic and angiogenic switch, accompanied by upregulation of different glycolytic enzymes, transporters, and other metabolites. These processes render the tumor microenvironment more acidic, remodel the extracellular matrix, and create energy gradients for the metabolic communication between different cancer cells in distinct tumor zones. Escape mechanisms from hypoxia-induced cell death and energy deprivation are the result. The functional consequences are more aggressive and malignant behavior with enhanced proliferation and survival, migration and invasiveness, and the induction of angiogenesis. In this review, we go from the biochemical principles of aerobic and anaerobic glycolysis over the glycolytic switch, regulated by the key transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α, to other important metabolic players like the monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs)1 and 4. We discuss the metabolic symbiosis model via lactate shuttling in the acidic tumor microenvironment and highlight the functional consequences of the glycolytic switch on glioma malignancy. Furthermore, we illustrate regulation by micro ribonucleic acids (miRNAs) and the connection between isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutation status and glycolytic metabolism. Finally, we give an outlook about the diagnostic and therapeutic implications of the glycolytic switch and the relation to tumor immunity in malignant glioma.
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From Laboratory Studies to Clinical Trials: Temozolomide Use in IDH-Mutant Gliomas. Cells 2021; 10:cells10051225. [PMID: 34067729 PMCID: PMC8157002 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, we discuss the use of the alkylating agent temozolomide (TMZ) in the treatment of IDH-mutant gliomas. We describe the challenges associated with TMZ in clinical (drug resistance and tumor recurrence) and preclinical settings (variabilities associated with in vitro models) in treating IDH-mutant glioma. Lastly, we summarize the emerging therapeutic targets that can potentially be used in combination with TMZ.
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Abstract
2-Hydroxyglutarate (2-HG) is structurally similar to α-ketoglutarate (α-KG), which is an intermediate product of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle; it can be generated by reducing the ketone group of α-KG to a hydroxyl group. The significant role that 2-HG plays has been certified in the pathophysiology of 2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria (2HGA), tumors harboring mutant isocitrate dehydrogenase 1/2 (IDH1/2mt), and in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). It is taken as an oncometabolite, raising much attention on its oncogenic mechanism. In recent years, 2-HG has been verified to accumulate in the context of hypoxia or acidic pH, and there are also researches confirming the vital role that 2-HG plays in the fate decision of immune cells. Therefore, 2-HG not only participates in tumorigenesis. This text will also summarize 2-HG’s identities besides being an oncometabolite and will discuss their enlightenment for future research and clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Du
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Oncology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hai Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Oncology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Li H, Shan C, Wu S, Cheng B, Fan C, Cai L, Chen Y, Shi Y, Liu K, Shao Y, Zhu D, Li Z. Genomic Profiling Identified Novel Prognostic Biomarkers in Chinese Midline Glioma Patients. Front Oncol 2021; 10:607429. [PMID: 33747896 PMCID: PMC7968371 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.607429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Molecular characteristics are essential for the classification and grading of gliomas. However, diagnostic classification of midline glioma is still debatable and substantial molecular and clinical heterogeneity within each subgroup suggested that they should be further stratified. Here, we studied the mutation landscape of Chinese midline glioma patients in hope to provide new insights for glioma prognosis and treatment. Methods Tissue samples from 112 midline glioma patients underwent next-generation sequencing targeting 425 cancer-relevant genes. Gene mutations and copy number variations were investigated for their somatic interactions and prognostic effect using overall survival data. Pathway-based survival analysis was performed for ten canonical oncogenic pathways. Results We identified several currently established diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers of glioma, including TP53 (33%), EGFR (26%), TERT (24%), PTEN (21%), PIK3CA (14%), ATRX (14%), BRAF (13%), and IDH1/2 (6%). Among all genetic aberrations with more than 5% occurrence rate, six mutations and three copy number gains were greatly associated with poor overall survival (univariate, P < 0.1). Of these, TERT mutations (hazard ratio [HR], 3.00; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.37–6.61; P = 0.01) and PIK3CA mutations (HR, 2.04; 95% CI, 1.08–3.84; P = 0.02) remained significant in multivariate analyses. Additionally, we have also identified a novel MCL1 amplification (found in 31% patients) as a potential independent biomarker for glioma (multivariate HR, 2.78; 95% CI, 1.53–5.08; P < 0.001), which was seldom reported in public databases. Pathway analyses revealed significantly worse prognosis with abnormal PI3K (HR, 1.81; 95% CI, 1.12–2.95; P = 0.01) and cell cycle pathways (HR, 1.97; 95% CI, 1.15–3.37; P = 0.01), both of which stayed meaningful after multivariate adjustment. Conclusions In this study, we discovered shorter survival in midline glioma patients with PIK3CA and TERT mutations and with abnormal PI3K and cell cycle pathways. We also revealed a novel prognostic marker, MCL1 amplification that collectively provided new insights and opportunities in understanding and treating midline gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hainan Li
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Sanjiu Brain Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Changguo Shan
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Sanjiu Brain Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shengnan Wu
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Sanjiu Brain Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Baijie Cheng
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Sanjiu Brain Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chongzu Fan
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Sanjiu Brain Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Linbo Cai
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Sanjiu Brain Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yedan Chen
- Medical Department, Nanjing Geneseeq Technology Inc., Nanjing, China
| | - Yuqian Shi
- Medical Department, Nanjing Geneseeq Technology Inc., Nanjing, China
| | - Kaihua Liu
- Medical Department, Nanjing Geneseeq Technology Inc., Nanjing, China
| | - Yang Shao
- Medical Department, Nanjing Geneseeq Technology Inc., Nanjing, China
| | - Dan Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Sanjiu Brain Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi Li
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangzhou, China
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Abstract
Glioblastoma remains incurable despite advances in surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy, underscoring the need for new therapies. The genetic heterogenicity, presence of redundant molecular pathways, and the blood-brain barrier have limited the applicability of molecularly targeted agents. The therapeutic benefit seen with a small subset of patients suggests, however, that patient selection is critical. Recent investigations show that molecularly targeted synthetic lethality is a promising complementary approach. The article provides an overview of the challenges of molecularly targeted therapy in adults with glioblastoma, including current trials and future therapeutic directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A Smith-Cohn
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 37 Convent Drive, Building 37, Room 1016, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Department of Neurology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Orieta Celiku
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 37 Convent Drive, Building 37, Room 1142, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Mark R Gilbert
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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Molotkov A, Doubrovin M, Bhatt N, Hsu FC, Beserra A, Chopra R, Mintz A. 3D optical/CT as a preclinical companion imaging platform for glioblastoma drug development. Drug Deliv 2020; 27:1686-1694. [PMID: 33263448 PMCID: PMC7717859 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2020.1833381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Multimodality 3D Optical Imaging (OI)/CT has the potential to play a major role in drug development for glioblastomas (GBM), as it is an accessible preclinical method. To demonstrate the potential of 3D OI/CT to visualize orthotopic GBM implantation, we labeled GBM cells with Cy7 and imaged their location using 3D OI/CT. To confirm the accuracy of the spatial localization and demonstrate the ability to image locoregionally delivered therapies, we labeled mouse albumin with Cy7 (Cy7ALB) and delivered it via locoregional infusion 1 mm or 3 mm into the brain and demonstrated correlation of signal between the 3D OI/CT and post necropsy brain slices. In addition, we demonstrated the potential of systemically delivered Cy7ALB contrast to detect blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability caused by orthotopic GBMs using 3D OI/CT. We also tested the potential of 3D OI/CT to assess focal BBB permeability induced by high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU), a methodology being used in clinical trials to noninvasively permeabilize the BBB for systemic therapeutic delivery to GBM. We demonstrated the ability of systemic Cy7ALB contrast together with 3D OI/CT to accurately assess real-time HIFU-induced BBB permeability, which correlated to post necropsy imaging of brains. Furthermore, we demonstrated that 3D OI/CT can also image the therapeutic distribution of a Cy7-labeled anti-PD-1 antibody, a prototype translational antibody therapy. We successfully imaged real-time antibody distribution after HIFU-induced BBB permeability, which correlated with post necropsy Cy7 signal and translational PET imaging after injection of [89Zr] anti-PD-1 antibody. Thus, we demonstrated the broad potential of using 3D OI/CT as an accessible preclinical tool to develop anti-GBM therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei Molotkov
- Columbia University PET Center, Department of Radiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mikhail Doubrovin
- Columbia University PET Center, Department of Radiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nikunj Bhatt
- Columbia University PET Center, Department of Radiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Fang-Chi Hsu
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Amanda Beserra
- Department of Radiology and Advanced Imaging Research Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Rajiv Chopra
- Department of Radiology and Advanced Imaging Research Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Akiva Mintz
- Columbia University PET Center, Department of Radiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
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Mehrjardi NZ, Hänggi D, Kahlert UD. Current biomarker-associated procedures of cancer modeling-a reference in the context of IDH1 mutant glioma. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:998. [PMID: 33221817 PMCID: PMC7680457 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-03196-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Isocitrate dehydrogenases (IDH1/2) are central molecular markers for glioblastoma. Providing in vitro or in vivo models with mutated IDH1/2 can help prepare facilities to understand the biology of these mutated genes as glioma markers, as well as help, improve therapeutic strategies. In this review, we first summarize the biology principles of IDH and its mutations and outline the core primary findings in the clinical context of neuro-oncology. Given the extensive research interest and exciting developments in current stem cell biology and genome editing, the central part of the manuscript is dedicated to introducing various routes of disease modeling strategies of IDH mutation (IDHMut) glioma and comparing the scientific-technological findings from the field using different engineering methods. Lastly, by giving our perspective on the benefits and limitations of patient-derived and donor-derived disease modeling respectively, we aim to propose leading research questions to be answered in the context of IDH1 and glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narges Zare Mehrjardi
- Clinic for Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty Heinrich-Heine University, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Daniel Hänggi
- Clinic for Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty Heinrich-Heine University, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Ulf Dietrich Kahlert
- Clinic for Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty Heinrich-Heine University, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany.
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Abstract
Significance: Cancer cells are stabilized in an undifferentiated state similar to stem cells. This leads to profound modifications of their metabolism, which further modifies their genetics and epigenetics as malignancy progresses. Specific metabolites and enzymes may serve as clinical markers of cancer progression. Recent Advances: Both 2-hydroxyglutarate (2HG) enantiomers are associated with reprogrammed metabolism, in grade III/IV glioma, glioblastoma, and acute myeloid leukemia cells, and numerous other cancer types, while acting also in the cross talk of tumors with immune cells. 2HG contributes to specific alternations in cancer metabolism and developed oxidative stress, while also inducing decisions on the differentiation of naive T lymphocytes, and serves as a signal messenger in immune cells. Moreover, 2HG inhibits chromatin-modifying enzymes, namely 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases, and interferes with hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) transcriptome reprogramming and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, thus dysregulating gene expression and further promoting cancerogenesis. Critical Issues: Typically, heterozygous mutations within the active sites of isocitrate dehydrogenase isoform 1 (IDH1)R132H and mitochondrial isocitrate dehydrogenase isoform 2 (IDH2)R140Q provide cells with millimolar r-2-hydroxyglutarate (r-2HG) concentrations, whereas side activities of lactate and malate dehydrogenase form submillimolar s-2-hydroxyglutarate (s-2HG). However, even wild-type IDH1 and IDH2, notably under shifts toward reductive carboxylation glutaminolysis or changes in other enzymes, lead to "intermediate" 0.01-0.1 mM 2HG levels, for example, in breast carcinoma compared with 10-8M in noncancer cells. Future Directions: Uncovering further molecular metabolism details specific for given cancer cell types and sequence-specific epigenetic alternations will lead to the design of diagnostic approaches, not only for predicting patients' prognosis or uncovering metastases and tumor remissions but also for early diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Ježek
- Department of Mitochondrial Physiology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
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Rosiak-Stec K, Grot D, Rieske P. Generation of induced neural stem cells with inducible IDH1R132H for analysis of glioma development and drug testing. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0239325. [PMID: 32946483 PMCID: PMC7500637 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutation in isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1R132H) occurs in various types of cancer, including low and high grade gliomas. Despite high incidence indicating its central role in tumor initiation and progression there are no targeted therapies directed against this oncogene available in the clinic. This is due to the limited understanding of the role of IDH1R132H in carcinogenesis, which is further propagated by the lack of appropriate experimental models. Moreover, proper in vitro models for analysis of gliomagenesis are required. In this study, we employed a Tet On system to generate human induced neural stem cells with doxycycline-inducible IDH1R132H. Equivalent expression of both forms of IDH1 in the presented model remains similar to that described in tumor cells. Additional biochemical analyses further confirmed tightly controlled gene regulation at protein level. Formation of a functional mutant IDH1 enzyme was supported by the production of D-2-hydroxyglutarate (D2HG). All samples tested for MGMT promoter methylation status, including parental cells, proved to be partially methylated. Analysis of biological effect of IDH1R132H revealed that cells positive for oncogene showed reduced differentation efficiency and viability. Inhibition of mutant IDH1 with selective inhibitor efficiently suppressed D2HG production as well as reversed the effect of mutant IDH1 protein on cell viability. In summary, our model constitutes a valuable platform for studies on the molecular basis and the cell of origin of IDH-mutant glioma (e.g. by editing P53 in these cells and their derivatives), as well as a reliable experimental model for drug testing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dagmara Grot
- Department of Tumor Biology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Piotr Rieske
- Department of Tumor Biology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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Epigenetic Targeting of Mcl-1 Is Synthetically Lethal with Bcl-xL/Bcl-2 Inhibition in Model Systems of Glioblastoma. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12082137. [PMID: 32752193 PMCID: PMC7464325 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12082137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Apoptotic resistance remains a hallmark of glioblastoma (GBM), the most common primary brain tumor in adults, and a better understanding of this process may result in more efficient treatments. By utilizing chromatin immunoprecipitation with next-generation sequencing (CHIP-seq), we discovered that GBMs harbor a super enhancer around the Mcl-1 locus, a gene that has been known to confer cell death resistance in GBM. We utilized THZ1, a known super-enhancer blocker, and BH3-mimetics, including ABT263, WEHI-539, and ABT199. Combined treatment with BH3-mimetics and THZ1 led to synergistic growth reduction in GBM models. Reduction in cellular viability was accompanied by significant cell death induction with features of apoptosis, including disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential followed by activation of caspases. Mechanistically, THZ1 elicited a profound disruption of the Mcl-1 enhancer region, leading to a sustained suppression of Mcl-1 transcript and protein levels, respectively. Mechanism experiments suggest involvement of Mcl-1 in the cell death elicited by the combination treatment. Finally, the combination treatment of ABT263 and THZ1 resulted in enhanced growth reduction of tumors without induction of detectable toxicity in two patient-derived xenograft models of GBM in vivo. Taken together, these findings suggest that combined epigenetic targeting of Mcl-1 along with Bcl-2/Bcl-xL is potentially therapeutically feasible.
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