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Liu GL, Wu SL, Sun Z, Xing MD, Chi ZM, Liu YJ. ι-Carrageenan catabolism is initiated by key sulfatases in the marine bacterium Pseudoalteromonas haloplanktis LL1. Appl Environ Microbiol 2024; 90:e0025524. [PMID: 38874338 PMCID: PMC11267874 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00255-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Marine bacteria contribute substantially to cycle macroalgae polysaccharides in marine environments. Carrageenans are the primary cell wall polysaccharides of red macroalgae. The carrageenan catabolism mechanism and pathways are still largely unclear. Pseudoalteromonas is a representative bacterial genus that can utilize carrageenan. We previously isolated the strain Pseudoalteromonas haloplanktis LL1 that could grow on ι-carrageenan but produce no ι-carrageenase. Here, through a combination of bioinformatic, biochemical, and genetic analyses, we determined that P. haloplanktis LL1 processed a desulfurization-depolymerization sequential pathway for ι-carrageenan utilization, which was initiated by key sulfatases PhSulf1 and PhSulf2. PhSulf2 acted as an endo/exo-G4S (4-O-sulfation-β-D-galactopyranose) sulfatase, while PhSulf1 was identified as a novel endo-DA2S sulfatase that could function extracellularly. Because of the unique activity of PhSulf1 toward ι-carrageenan rather than oligosaccharides, P. haloplanktis LL1 was considered to have a distinct ι-carrageenan catabolic pathway compared to other known ι-carrageenan-degrading bacteria, which mainly employ multifunctional G4S sulfatases and exo-DA2S (2-O-sulfation-3,6-anhydro-α-D-galactopyranose) sulfatase for sulfate removal. Furthermore, we detected widespread occurrence of PhSulf1-encoding gene homologs in the global ocean, indicating the prevalence of such endo-acting DA2S sulfatases as well as the related ι-carrageenan catabolism pathway. This research provides valuable insights into the enzymatic processes involved in carrageenan catabolism within marine ecological systems.IMPORTANCECarrageenan is a type of linear sulfated polysaccharide that plays a significant role in forming cell walls of marine algae and is found extensively distributed throughout the world's oceans. To the best of our current knowledge, the ι-carrageenan catabolism in marine bacteria either follows the depolymerization-desulfurization sequential process initiated by ι-carrageenase or starts from the desulfurization step catalyzed by exo-acting sulfatases. In this study, we found that the marine bacterium Pseudoalteromonas haloplanktis LL1 processes a distinct pathway for ι-carrageenan catabolism employing a specific endo-acting DA2S-sulfatase PhSulf1 and a multifunctional G4S sulfatase PhSulf2. The unique PhSulf1 homologs appear to be widely present on a global scale, indicating the indispensable contribution of the marine bacteria containing the distinct ι-carrageenan catabolism pathway. Therefore, this study would significantly enrich our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying carrageenan utilization, providing valuable insights into the intricate roles of marine bacteria in polysaccharide cycling in marine environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Lei Liu
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Qingdao, China
| | - Sheng-Lei Wu
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhe Sun
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Qingdao, China
| | - Meng-Dan Xing
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhen-Ming Chi
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Qingdao, China
| | - Ya-Jun Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Qingdao, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Jiang C, Ma Y, Wang W, Sun J, Hao J, Mao X. Systematic review on carrageenolytic enzymes: From metabolic pathways to applications in biotechnology. Biotechnol Adv 2024; 73:108351. [PMID: 38582331 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2024.108351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Carrageenan, the major carbohydrate component of some red algae, is an important renewable bioresource with very large annual outputs. Different types of carrageenolytic enzymes in the carrageenan metabolic pathway are potentially valuable for the production of carrageenan oligosaccharides, biofuel, and other chemicals obtained from carrageenan. However, these enzymes are not well-developed for oligosaccharide or biofuel production. For further application, comprehensive knowledge of carrageenolytic enzymes is essential. Therefore, in this review, we first summarize various carrageenolytic enzymes, including the recently discovered β-carrageenase, carrageenan-specific sulfatase, exo-α-3,6-anhydro-D-galactosidase (D-ADAGase), and exo-β-galactosidase (BGase), and describe their enzymatic characteristics. Subsequently, the carrageenan metabolic pathways are systematically presented and applications of carrageenases and carrageenan oligosaccharides are illustrated with examples. Finally, this paper discusses critical aspects that can aid researchers in constructing cascade catalytic systems and engineered microorganisms to efficiently produce carrageenan oligosaccharides or other value-added chemicals through the degradation of carrageenan. Overall, this paper offers a comprehensive overview of carrageenolytic enzymes, providing valuable insights for further exploration and application of these enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengcheng Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Byproducts, National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Yuqi Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Byproducts, National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China; College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116000, China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Byproducts, National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Jingjing Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Byproducts, National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Jianhua Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Byproducts, National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploitation and Utilization of Marine Biological Resource, Lianyungang 222005, China.
| | - Xiangzhao Mao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
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Bellanco A, Félix J, Díaz Del Cerro E, Martínez Cuesta MC, De la Fuente M, Requena T. Influence of consumption of the food additive carrageenan on the gut microbiota and the intestinal homeostasis of mice. Food Funct 2024; 15:6759-6767. [PMID: 38842261 DOI: 10.1039/d4fo01418a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
The safety of the carrageenan (CGN) consumption as a food additive is under debate, with negative effects being associated with the products of hydrolysis of CGN. Moreover, there is an increasing need to integrate gut microbiome analysis in the scientific risk assessment of food additives. The objective of this study was to test the effects of CGN consumption on the gut microbiota and the intestinal homeostasis of young male and female mice. Female and male ICR-CD1 mice (8 weeks old) orally received 540 mg kg-1 day-1 of CGN, representing the maximum-level exposure assessment scenario surveyed for children, over the course of two weeks. Fecal material and peritoneal immune cells were analyzed to determine changes in the fecal microbiota, based on the analysis of bacterial 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequences and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentrations, and some immune functions and redox parameters of peritoneal leukocytes. Non-significant microbiota taxonomical changes associated with CGN intake were found in the mouse stools, resulting the housing time in an increase in bacterial groups belonging to the Bacteroidota phylum. The PICRUSt2 functional predictions showed an overall increase in functional clusters of orthologous genes (COGs) involved in carbohydrate transport and metabolism. A significant increase in the cytotoxicity of fecal supernatants was observed in CGN-fed mice, which correlated with worsening of immune functions and oxidative parameters. The altered immunity and oxidative stress observed in young mice after the consumption of CGN, along with the fecal cytotoxicity shown towards intestinal epithelial cells, may be associated with the gut microbiota's capacity to degrade CGN. The characterization of the gut microbiota's ability to hydrolyze CGN should be included in the risk assessment of this food additive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Bellanco
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Microbiology, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación CIAL-CSIC, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Judith Félix
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology (Animal Physiology Unit), Faculty of Biological Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Estefanía Díaz Del Cerro
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology (Animal Physiology Unit), Faculty of Biological Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - M Carmen Martínez Cuesta
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Microbiology, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación CIAL-CSIC, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Mónica De la Fuente
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology (Animal Physiology Unit), Faculty of Biological Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Teresa Requena
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Microbiology, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación CIAL-CSIC, Madrid, Spain.
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Jiang C, Wang W, Sun J, Hao J, Mao X. Comparative Study on Enzymatic Characteristics of Two κ-Carrageenases from Carrageenan-Degrading Bacterium Catenovulum agarivorans DS2. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:12665-12672. [PMID: 38775811 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c02102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
κ-Carrageenase plays an important role in achieving the high-value utilization of carrageenan. Factors such as the reaction temperature, thermal stability, catalytic efficiency, and product composition are key considerations for its large-scale application. Previous studies have shown that the C-terminal noncatalytic domains (nonCDs) could influence the enzymatic properties, of κ-carrageenases, providing a strategy for exploring κ-carrageenases with different properties, especially catalytic products. Accordingly, two κ-carrageenases (CaKC16A and CaKC16B), from the Catenovulum agarivorans DS2, were selected and further characterized. Bioinformatics analysis suggested that CaKC16A contained a nonCD but CaKC16B did not. CaKC16A exhibited better enzymatic properties than CaKC16B, including thermal stability, substrate affinity, and catalytic efficiency. After truncation of the nonCD of CaKC16A, its thermal stability, substrate affinity, and catalytic efficiency have significantly decreased, indicating the vital role of nonCD in maintaining a good enzymatic property. Moreover, CaKC16A degraded κ-carrageenan to produce a highly single κ-neocarratetrose, while CaKC16B produced a single κ-neocarrabiose. CaKC16A could degrade β/κ-carrageenan to produce a highly single desulfated κ-neocarrahexaose, while CaKC16B produced κ-neocarrabiose and desulfated κ-neocarratetrose. Furthermore, it was proposed that CaKC16A and CaKC16B participate in the B/KC metabolic pathway and serve different roles, providing new insight into obtaining κ-carrageenases with different properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengcheng Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Byproducts, National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Byproducts, National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Jingjing Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Byproducts, National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Jianhua Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Byproducts, National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploitation and Utilization of Marine Biological Resource, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Xiangzhao Mao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
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5
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Fuchs A, Hupfeld E, Sieber V. To gel or not to gel - Tuning the sulfation pattern of carrageenans to expand their field of application. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 333:121930. [PMID: 38494212 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.121930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Carrageenans represent a major cell wall component of red macro algae and, as established gelling and thickening agents, they contribute significantly to a broad variety of commercial applications in the food and cosmetic industry. As a highly sulfated class of linear polysaccharides, their functional properties are strongly related to the sulfation pattern of their carrabiose repeating units. Therefore, the biocatalytic fine-tuning of these polymers by generating tailored sulfation architectures harnessing the hydrolytic activity of sulfatases could be a powerful tool to produce novel polymer structures with tuned properties to expand applications of carrageenans beyond their current use. To contribute to this vision, we sought to identify novel carrageenan sulfatases by studying several putative carrageenolytic clusters in marine heterotrophic bacteria. This approach revealed two novel formylglycine-dependent sulfatases from Cellulophaga algicola DSM 14237 and Cellulophaga baltica DSM 24729 with promiscuous hydrolytic activity towards the sulfated galactose in the industrially established ι- and κ-carrageenan, converting them into α- and β-carrageenan, respectively, and enabling the production of a variety of novel pure and hybrid carrageenans. The rheological analysis of these enzymatically generated structures revealed significantly altered physicochemical properties that may open the gate to a variety of novel carrageenan-based applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Fuchs
- Chair of Chemistry of Biogenic Resources, Technical University of Munich, TUM Campus Straubing for Biotechnology and Sustainability, Schulgasse 16, 94315 Straubing, Germany
| | - Enrico Hupfeld
- Chair of Chemistry of Biogenic Resources, Technical University of Munich, TUM Campus Straubing for Biotechnology and Sustainability, Schulgasse 16, 94315 Straubing, Germany
| | - Volker Sieber
- Chair of Chemistry of Biogenic Resources, Technical University of Munich, TUM Campus Straubing for Biotechnology and Sustainability, Schulgasse 16, 94315 Straubing, Germany; SynBioFoundry@TUM, Technical University of Munich, Schulgasse 22, 94315 Straubing, Germany; TUM Catalysis Research Center, Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Straße1, 85748 Garching, Germany; School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, 68 Copper Road, St. Lucia 4072, Australia.
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6
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Du Z, Huang X, Li H, Zheng M, Hong T, Li Z, Du X, Jiang Z, Ni H, Li Q, Zhu Y. Improvement of thermostability by increasing rigidity in the finger regions and flexibility in the catalytic pocket area of Pseudoalteromonas porphyrae κ-carrageenase. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 40:216. [PMID: 38802708 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-024-04029-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Poor thermostability reduces the industrial application value of κ-carrageenase. In this study, the PoPMuSiC algorithm combined with site-directed mutagenesis was applied to improve the thermostability of the alkaline κ-carrageenase from Pseudoalteromonas porphyrae. The mutant E154A with improved thermal stability was successfully obtained using this strategy after screening seven rationally designed mutants. Compared with the wild-type κ-carrageenase (WT), E154A improved the activity by 29.4% and the residual activity by 51.6% after treatment at 50 °C for 30 min. The melting temperature (Tm) values determined by circular dichroism were 66.4 °C and 64.6 °C for E154A and WT, respectively. Molecular dynamics simulation analysis of κ-carrageenase showed that the flexibility decreased within the finger regions (including F1, F2, F3, F5 and F6) and the flexibility improved in the catalytic pocket area of the mutant E154A. The catalytic tunnel dynamic simulation analysis revealed that E154A led to enlarged catalytic tunnel volume and increased rigidity of the enzyme-substrate complex. The increasing rigidity within the finger regions and more flexible catalytic pocket of P. porphyrae κ-carrageenase might be a significant factor for improvement of the thermostability of the mutant κ-carrageenase E154A. The proposed rational design strategy could be applied to improve the enzyme kinetic stability of other industrial enzymes. Moreover, the hydrolysates of κ-carrageenan digested by the mutant E154A demonstrated increased scavenging activities against hydroxyl (OH) radicals and 2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) radicals compared with the undigested κ-carrageenan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeping Du
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Xiaoyi Huang
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Hebin Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, 361008, China
| | - Mingjing Zheng
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Tao Hong
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Zhipeng Li
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Xiping Du
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Zedong Jiang
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Hui Ni
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Qingbiao Li
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Yanbing Zhu
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China.
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7
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Jiang C, Wang W, Sun J, Hao J, Mao X. Biochemical Characterization of a Heat-Resistant κ-Carrageenase Capable of Tolerating High Temperatures up to 100 °C. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024. [PMID: 38803290 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c02625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
κ-Carrageenase plays a crucial role in the high-value utilization of carrageenan. Heat resistance is a key factor in the practical application of κ-carrageenase, as carrageenan exhibits gel-like properties. Previous studies have shown that the C-terminal noncatalytic domains (nonCDs) can affect the thermostability of κ-carrageenases. In this study, we expressed and characterized a κ-carrageenase, MtKC16A, which contains three nonCDs, from Microbulbifer thermotolerans. MtKC16A has the highest activity at 80 °C and pH 7.0. Surprisingly, it exhibits excellent heat resistance, with 71.58% relative activity at 100 °C and still retains over 50% residual activity after incubation at 100 °C for 60 min. Additionally, MtKC16A has been shown to have a dual substrate hydrolysis activity. It can degrade κ-carrageenan to produce highly single Nκ4 and degrade β/κ-carrageenan to produce Nκ2 and desulfated Nκ4 DA-G-DA-G4S, suggesting its potential in producing κ- and β/κ-hybrid oligosaccharides. Furthermore, we found that the unknown function domain (UNFD) in MtKC16A plays the most vital role among the three nonCDs. When this UNFD is truncated, the resulting mutants completely lose their catalytic ability at 100 °C. Finally, by introducing this UNFD to the C-terminal of another κ-carrageenase CaKC16B, we were able to improve its heat resistance at 100 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengcheng Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Byproducts, National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Byproducts, National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, China
| | - Jingjing Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Byproducts, National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, China
| | - Jianhua Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Byproducts, National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploitation and Utilization of Marine Biological Resource, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Xiangzhao Mao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
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8
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Yu X, Ryadun AA, Pavlov DI, Guselnikova TY, Potapov AS, Fedin VP. Ln-MOF-Based Hydrogel Films with Tunable Luminescence and Afterglow Behavior for Visual Detection of Ofloxacin and Anti-Counterfeiting Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2311939. [PMID: 38275004 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202311939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Highly selective and sensitive quantitative detection of ofloxacin (OFX) at ultralow concentrations in aqueous media and development of new afterglow materials remains a challenge. Herein, a new 2D water-stable lanthanide metal-organic framework (NIIC-2-Tb) is proposed, which exhibits high selectivity towards OFX through the luminescence quenching with the lowest detection limit (1.1 × 10-9 M) reported to date and a fast response within 6 s. In addition, the luminescent detection of OFX by NIIC-2-Tb is not affected by typical components of blood plasma and urine. The excellent sensing effect of NIIC-2-Tb is further utilized to prepare a composite functional sensing carrageenan hydrogel material for the rapid detection of OFX in meat in real time and the first discovery of impressive afterglow in MOF-based hydrogels. This study not only presents novel Ln-MOF materials and Ln-MOF-based hydrogel films for luminescent sensing of OFX, but also demonstrates color-tunable luminescent films with afterglow, which expands the application of composite luminescent materials for detection and anti-counterfeiting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Yu
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogov Str., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 3 Lavrentiev Ave., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Alexey A Ryadun
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 3 Lavrentiev Ave., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Dmitry I Pavlov
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogov Str., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 3 Lavrentiev Ave., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Tatiana Y Guselnikova
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 3 Lavrentiev Ave., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Andrei S Potapov
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogov Str., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 3 Lavrentiev Ave., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Vladimir P Fedin
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogov Str., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 3 Lavrentiev Ave., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
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9
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Fuchs A, Romeis D, Hupfeld E, Sieber V. Biocatalytic Conversion of Carrageenans for the Production of 3,6-Anhydro-D-galactose. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:5816-5827. [PMID: 38442258 PMCID: PMC10958521 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c08613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Marine biomass stands out as a sustainable resource for generating value-added chemicals. In particular, anhydrosugars derived from carrageenans exhibit a variety of biological functions, rendering them highly promising for utilization and cascading in food, cosmetic, and biotechnological applications. However, the limitation of available sulfatases to break down the complex sulfation patterns of carrageenans poses a significant limitation for the sustainable production of valuable bioproducts from red algae. In this study, we screened several carrageenolytic polysaccharide utilization loci for novel sulfatase activities to assist the efficient conversion of a variety of sulfated galactans into the target product 3,6-anhydro-D-galactose. Inspired by the carrageenolytic pathways in marine heterotrophic bacteria, we systematically combined these novel sulfatases with other carrageenolytic enzymes, facilitating the development of the first enzymatic one-pot biotransformation of ι- and κ-carrageenan to 3,6-anhdyro-D-galactose. We further showed the applicability of this enzymatic bioconversion to a broad series of hybrid carrageenans, rendering this process a promising and sustainable approach for the production of value-added biomolecules from red-algal feedstocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Fuchs
- Chair
of Chemistry of Biogenic Resources, TUM Campus Straubing for Biotechnology
and Sustainability, Technical University
of Munich, Schulgasse 16, 94315 Straubing, Germany
| | - Dennis Romeis
- Chair
of Chemistry of Biogenic Resources, TUM Campus Straubing for Biotechnology
and Sustainability, Technical University
of Munich, Schulgasse 16, 94315 Straubing, Germany
| | - Enrico Hupfeld
- Chair
of Chemistry of Biogenic Resources, TUM Campus Straubing for Biotechnology
and Sustainability, Technical University
of Munich, Schulgasse 16, 94315 Straubing, Germany
| | - Volker Sieber
- Chair
of Chemistry of Biogenic Resources, TUM Campus Straubing for Biotechnology
and Sustainability, Technical University
of Munich, Schulgasse 16, 94315 Straubing, Germany
- SynBioFoundry@TUM, Technical University of Munich, Schulgasse 22, 94315 Straubing, Germany
- Catalytic
Research Center, Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Straße1, 85748 Garching, Germany
- School
of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, 68 Copper Road, St. Lucia 4072, Australia
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10
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Liu N, Kivenson V, Peng X, Cui Z, Lankiewicz TS, Gosselin KM, English CJ, Blair EM, O'Malley MA, Valentine DL. Pontiella agarivorans sp. nov., a novel marine anaerobic bacterium capable of degrading macroalgal polysaccharides and fixing nitrogen. Appl Environ Microbiol 2024; 90:e0091423. [PMID: 38265213 PMCID: PMC10880615 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00914-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Marine macroalgae produce abundant and diverse polysaccharides, which contribute substantially to the organic matter exported to the deep ocean. Microbial degradation of these polysaccharides plays an important role in the turnover of macroalgal biomass. Various members of the Planctomycetes-Verrucomicrobia-Chlamydia (PVC) superphylum are degraders of polysaccharides in widespread anoxic environments. In this study, we isolated a novel anaerobic bacterial strain NLcol2T from microbial mats on the surface of marine sediments offshore Santa Barbara, CA, USA. Based on 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene and phylogenomic analyses, strain NLcol2T represents a novel species within the Pontiella genus in the Kiritimatiellota phylum (within the PVC superphylum). Strain NLcol2T is able to utilize various monosaccharides, disaccharides, and macroalgal polysaccharides such as agar and ɩ-carrageenan. A near-complete genome also revealed an extensive metabolic capacity for anaerobic degradation of sulfated polysaccharides, as evidenced by 202 carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) and 165 sulfatases. Additionally, its ability of nitrogen fixation was confirmed by nitrogenase activity detected during growth on nitrogen-free medium, and the presence of nitrogenases (nifDKH) encoded in the genome. Based on the physiological and genomic analyses, this strain represents a new species of bacteria that may play an important role in the degradation of macroalgal polysaccharides and with relevance to the biogeochemical cycling of carbon, sulfur, and nitrogen in marine environments. Strain NLcol2T (= DSM 113125T = MCCC 1K08672T) is proposed to be the type strain of a novel species in the Pontiella genus, and the name Pontiella agarivorans sp. nov. is proposed.IMPORTANCEGrowth and intentional burial of marine macroalgae is being considered as a carbon dioxide reduction strategy but elicits concerns as to the fate and impacts of this macroalgal carbon in the ocean. Diverse heterotrophic microbial communities in the ocean specialize in these complex polymers such as carrageenan and fucoidan, for example, members of the Kiritimatiellota phylum. However, only four type strains within the phylum have been cultivated and characterized to date, and there is limited knowledge about the metabolic capabilities and functional roles of related organisms in the environment. The new isolate strain NLcol2T expands the known substrate range of this phylum and further reveals the ability to fix nitrogen during anaerobic growth on macroalgal polysaccharides, thereby informing the issue of macroalgal carbon disposal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Liu
- Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Marine Science, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, USA
| | - Veronika Kivenson
- Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Marine Science, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, USA
| | - Xuefeng Peng
- Marine Science Institute, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, USA
| | - Zhisong Cui
- Marine Bioresource and Environment Research Center, Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Thomas S. Lankiewicz
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California, USA
| | - Kelsey M. Gosselin
- Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Marine Science, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, USA
| | - Chance J. English
- Marine Science Institute, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, USA
- Department of Ecology Evolution, and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, California, USA
| | - Elaina M. Blair
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California, USA
| | - Michelle A. O'Malley
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California, USA
- Biological Engineering Program, University of California, Santa Barbara, California, USA
| | - David L. Valentine
- Marine Science Institute, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, USA
- Department of Earth Science, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, USA
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11
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Zhao F, Yu CM, Sun HN, Xu TT, Sun ZZ, Qin QL, Wang N, Chen XL, Yu Y, Zhang YZ. The catabolic specialization of the marine bacterium Polaribacter sp. Q13 to red algal β1,3/1,4-mixed-linkage xylan. Appl Environ Microbiol 2024; 90:e0170423. [PMID: 38169280 PMCID: PMC10807463 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01704-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Catabolism of algal polysaccharides by marine bacteria is a significant process of marine carbon cycling. β1,3/1,4-Mixed-linkage xylan (MLX) is a class of xylan in the ocean, widely present in the cell walls of red algae. However, the catabolic mechanism of MLX by marine bacteria remains elusive. Recently, we found that a marine Bacteroidetes strain, Polaribacter sp. Q13, is a specialist in degrading MLX, which secretes a novel MLX-specific xylanase. Here, the catabolic specialization of strain Q13 to MLX was studied by multiomics and biochemical analyses. Strain Q13 catabolizes MLX with a canonical starch utilization system (Sus), which is encoded by a single xylan utilization locus, XUL-Q13. In this system, the cell surface glycan-binding protein SGBP-B captures MLX specifically, contributing to the catabolic specificity. The xylanolytic enzyme system of strain Q13 is unique, and the enzymatic cascade dedicates the stepwise hydrolysis of the β1,3- and β1,4-linkages in MLX in the extracellular, periplasmic, and cytoplasmic spaces. Bioinformatics analysis and growth observation suggest that other marine Bacteroidetes strains harboring homologous MLX utilization loci also preferentially utilize MLX. These results reveal the catabolic specialization of MLX degradation by marine Bacteroidetes, leading to a better understanding of the degradation and recycling of MLX driven by marine bacteria.IMPORTANCERed algae contribute substantially to the primary production in marine ecosystems. The catabolism of red algal polysaccharides by marine bacteria is important for marine carbon cycling. Mixed-linkage β1,3/1,4-xylan (MLX, distinct from hetero-β1,4-xylans from terrestrial plants) is an abundant red algal polysaccharide, whose mechanism of catabolism by marine bacteria, however, remains largely unknown. This study reveals the catabolism of MLX by marine Bacteroidetes, promoting our understanding of the degradation and utilization of algal polysaccharides by marine bacteria. This study also sets a foundation for the biomass conversion of MLX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Zhao
- Marine Biotechnology Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Chun-Mei Yu
- Marine Biotechnology Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Hai-Ning Sun
- Marine Biotechnology Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ting-Ting Xu
- Marine Biotechnology Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhong-Zhi Sun
- Marine Biotechnology Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qi-Long Qin
- Marine Biotechnology Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Marine Biotechnology Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiu-Lan Chen
- Marine Biotechnology Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
- College of Marine Life Sciences & Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Marine Biotechnology Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yu-Zhong Zhang
- Marine Biotechnology Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
- College of Marine Life Sciences & Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao, China
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12
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Seveso A, Mazurkewich S, Banerjee S, Poulsen JCN, Lo Leggio L, Larsbrink J. Polysaccharide utilization loci from Bacteroidota encode CE15 enzymes with possible roles in cleaving pectin-lignin bonds. Appl Environ Microbiol 2024; 90:e0176823. [PMID: 38179933 PMCID: PMC10807430 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01768-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Lignocellulose is a renewable but complex material exhibiting high recalcitrance to enzymatic hydrolysis, which is attributed, in part, to the presence of covalent linkages between lignin and polysaccharides in the plant cell wall. Glucuronoyl esterases from carbohydrate esterase family 15 (CE15) have been proposed as an aid in reducing this recalcitrance by cleaving ester bonds found between lignin and glucuronoxylan. In the Bacteroidota phylum, some species organize genes related to carbohydrate metabolism in polysaccharide utilization loci (PULs) which encode all necessary proteins to bind, deconstruct, and respond to a target glycan. Bioinformatic analyses identified CE15 members in some PULs that appear to not target the expected glucuronoxylan. Here, five CE15 members from such PULs were investigated with the aim of gaining insights on their biological roles. The selected targets were characterized using glucuronoyl esterase model substrates and with a new synthetic molecule mimicking a putative ester linkage between pectin and lignin. The CE15 enzyme from Phocaeicola vulgatus was structurally determined by X-ray crystallography both with and without carbohydrate ligands with galacturonate binding in a distinct conformation than that of glucuronate. We further explored whether these CE15 enzymes could act akin to pectin methylesterases on pectin-rich biomass but did not find evidence to support the proposed activity. Based on the evidence gathered, the CE15 enzymes in the PULs expected to degrade pectin could be involved in cleavage of uronic acid esters in rhamnogalacturonans.IMPORTANCEThe plant cell wall is a highly complex matrix, and while most of its polymers interact non-covalently, there are also covalent bonds between lignin and carbohydrates. Bonds between xylan and lignin are known, such as the glucuronoyl ester bonds that are cleavable by CE15 enzymes. Our work here indicates that enzymes from CE15 may also have other activities, as we have discovered enzymes in PULs proposed to target other polysaccharides, including pectin. Our study represents the first investigation of such enzymes. Our first hypothesis that the enzymes would act as pectin methylesterases was shown to be false, and we instead propose that they may cleave other esters on complex pectins such as rhamnogalacturonan II. The work presents both the characterization of five novel enzymes and can also provide indirect information about the components of the cell wall itself, which is a highly challenging material to chemically analyze in fine detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Seveso
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center, Division of Industrial Biotechnology, Department of Life Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Scott Mazurkewich
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center, Division of Industrial Biotechnology, Department of Life Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sanchari Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Leila Lo Leggio
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Johan Larsbrink
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center, Division of Industrial Biotechnology, Department of Life Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
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13
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Sokolova E, Jouanneau D, Chevenier A, Jam M, Desban N, Colas P, Ficko-Blean E, Michel G. Enzymatically-derived oligo-carrageenans interact with α-Gal antibodies and Galectin-3. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 324:121563. [PMID: 37985065 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Carrageenans are linear sulfated galactans synthesized in the Gigartinales, Rhodophyceae species with a varied range of biological properties that are of value to the pharmaceutical and cosmetic sectors. It is unknown how the fine structure of carrageenans dictates their capacity to affect molecular and cellular responses important to wound healing, or the ability to mitigate oxidative, hemostatic and inflammatory processes. Here we use specific endo-carrageenases, from the marine bacterium Zobellia galactanivorans, to produce enzymatically defined neo-series oligosaccharides from carrageenans with 3,6-anhydro-D-galactose on the non-reducing end. Further enzymatic modification of the oligosaccharides was done by treating with the 3,6-anhydro-D-galactosidases from the same bacterium which hydrolyze non-reducing end 3,6-anhydro-D-galactose moieties from neo-carrageenan oligosaccharides. Using the enzymatically produced oligosaccharides, we demonstrate binding to natural human serum antibodies and a monoclonal anti-αGal Ab (m86). The significant interactions with the Galα(1,3)Gal reactive antibodies produced by humans makes them potential potent inducers of complement-dependent reactions and attractive for therapeutic applications. We also demonstrate modulation of the galectin selectivity for the Gal-3 Carbohydrate Recognition Domain (CRD) relative to Gal-1 which has implications to targeting specific biological pathways regulated by the galectins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Sokolova
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratory of Integrative Biology of Marine Models (LBI2M), Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR), 29680 Roscoff, Bretagne, France
| | - Diane Jouanneau
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratory of Integrative Biology of Marine Models (LBI2M), Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR), 29680 Roscoff, Bretagne, France
| | - Antonin Chevenier
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratory of Integrative Biology of Marine Models (LBI2M), Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR), 29680 Roscoff, Bretagne, France
| | - Murielle Jam
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratory of Integrative Biology of Marine Models (LBI2M), Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR), 29680 Roscoff, Bretagne, France
| | - Nathalie Desban
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratory of Integrative Biology of Marine Models (LBI2M), Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR), 29680 Roscoff, Bretagne, France
| | - Pierre Colas
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratory of Integrative Biology of Marine Models (LBI2M), Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR), 29680 Roscoff, Bretagne, France
| | - Elizabeth Ficko-Blean
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratory of Integrative Biology of Marine Models (LBI2M), Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR), 29680 Roscoff, Bretagne, France.
| | - Gurvan Michel
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratory of Integrative Biology of Marine Models (LBI2M), Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR), 29680 Roscoff, Bretagne, France.
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14
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Silchenko AS, Taran IV, Usoltseva RV, Zvyagintsev NV, Zueva AO, Rubtsov NK, Lembikova DE, Nedashkovskaya OI, Kusaykin MI, Isaeva MP, Ermakova SP. The Discovery of the Fucoidan-Active Endo-1→4-α-L-Fucanase of the GH168 Family, Which Produces Fucoidan Derivatives with Regular Sulfation and Anticoagulant Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:218. [PMID: 38203394 PMCID: PMC10778895 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Sulfated polysaccharides of brown algae, fucoidans, are known for their anticoagulant properties, similar to animal heparin. Their complex and irregular structure is the main bottleneck in standardization and in defining the relationship between their structure and bioactivity. Fucoidan-active enzymes can be effective tools to overcome these problems. In the present work, we identified the gene fwf5 encoding the fucoidan-active endo-fucanase of the GH168 family in the marine bacterium Wenyingzhuangia fucanilytica CZ1127T. The biochemical characteristics of the recombinant fucanase FWf5 were investigated. Fucanase FWf5 was shown to catalyze the endo-type cleavage of the 1→4-O-glycosidic linkages between 2-O-sulfated α-L-fucose residues in fucoidans composed of the alternating 1→3- and 1→4-linked residues of sulfated α-L-fucose. This is the first report on the endo-1→4-α-L-fucanases (EC 3.2.1.212) of the GH168 family. The endo-fucanase FWf5 was used to selectively produce high- and low-molecular-weight fucoidan derivatives containing either regular alternating 2-O- and 2,4-di-O-sulfation or regular 2-O-sulfation. The polymeric 2,4-di-O-sulfated fucoidan derivative was shown to have significantly greater in vitro anticoagulant properties than 2-O-sulfated derivatives. The results have demonstrated a new type specificity among fucanases of the GH168 family and the prospects of using such enzymes to obtain standard fucoidan preparations with regular sulfation and high anticoagulant properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artem S. Silchenko
- Laboratory of Enzyme Chemistry, G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far-Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 159, Prospect 100-Let Vladivostoku, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia (R.V.U.); (A.O.Z.); (N.K.R.); (D.E.L.); (M.I.K.)
| | - Ilya V. Taran
- Laboratory of Enzyme Chemistry, G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far-Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 159, Prospect 100-Let Vladivostoku, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia (R.V.U.); (A.O.Z.); (N.K.R.); (D.E.L.); (M.I.K.)
| | - Roza V. Usoltseva
- Laboratory of Enzyme Chemistry, G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far-Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 159, Prospect 100-Let Vladivostoku, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia (R.V.U.); (A.O.Z.); (N.K.R.); (D.E.L.); (M.I.K.)
| | - Nikolay V. Zvyagintsev
- Laboratory of Physical and Chemical Research Methods, G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far-Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 159, Prospect 100-Let Vladivostoku, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Anastasiya O. Zueva
- Laboratory of Enzyme Chemistry, G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far-Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 159, Prospect 100-Let Vladivostoku, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia (R.V.U.); (A.O.Z.); (N.K.R.); (D.E.L.); (M.I.K.)
| | - Nikita K. Rubtsov
- Laboratory of Enzyme Chemistry, G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far-Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 159, Prospect 100-Let Vladivostoku, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia (R.V.U.); (A.O.Z.); (N.K.R.); (D.E.L.); (M.I.K.)
| | - Dana E. Lembikova
- Laboratory of Enzyme Chemistry, G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far-Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 159, Prospect 100-Let Vladivostoku, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia (R.V.U.); (A.O.Z.); (N.K.R.); (D.E.L.); (M.I.K.)
| | - Olga I. Nedashkovskaya
- Laboratory of Microbiology, G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far-Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 159, Prospect 100-Let Vladivostoku, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia;
| | - Mikhail I. Kusaykin
- Laboratory of Enzyme Chemistry, G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far-Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 159, Prospect 100-Let Vladivostoku, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia (R.V.U.); (A.O.Z.); (N.K.R.); (D.E.L.); (M.I.K.)
| | - Marina P. Isaeva
- Laboratory of Marine Biochemistry, G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far-Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 159, Prospect 100-Let Vladivostoku, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia;
| | - Svetlana P. Ermakova
- Laboratory of Enzyme Chemistry, G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far-Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 159, Prospect 100-Let Vladivostoku, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia (R.V.U.); (A.O.Z.); (N.K.R.); (D.E.L.); (M.I.K.)
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15
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Khan T, Song W, Nappi J, Marzinelli EM, Egan S, Thomas T. Functional guilds and drivers of diversity in seaweed-associated bacteria. FEMS MICROBES 2023; 5:xtad023. [PMID: 38213395 PMCID: PMC10781435 DOI: 10.1093/femsmc/xtad023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Comparisons of functional and taxonomic profiles from bacterial communities in different habitats have suggested the existence of functional guilds composed of taxonomically or phylogenetically distinct members. Such guild membership is, however, rarely defined and the factors that drive functional diversity in bacteria remain poorly understood. We used seaweed-associated bacteria as a model to shed light on these important aspects of community ecology. Using a large dataset of over 1300 metagenome-assembled genomes from 13 seaweed species we found substantial overlap in the functionality of bacteria coming from distinct taxa, thus supporting the existence of functional guilds. This functional equivalence between different taxa was particularly pronounced when only functions involved in carbohydrate degradation were considered. We further found that bacterial taxonomy is the dominant driver of functional differences between bacteria and that seaweed species or seaweed type (i.e. brown, red and green) had relatively stronger impacts on genome functionality for carbohydrate-degradation functions when compared to all other cellular functions. This study provides new insight into the factors underpinning the functional diversity of bacteria and contributes to our understanding how community function is generated from individual members.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahsin Khan
- Centre for Marine Science and Innovation & School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Weizhi Song
- Centre for Marine Science and Innovation & School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Jadranka Nappi
- Centre for Marine Science and Innovation & School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Ezequiel M Marzinelli
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Suhelen Egan
- Centre for Marine Science and Innovation & School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Torsten Thomas
- Centre for Marine Science and Innovation & School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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16
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Brunet M, Le Duff N, Rigaut-Jalabert F, Romac S, Barbeyron T, Thomas F. Seasonal dynamics of a glycan-degrading flavobacterial genus in a tidally mixed coastal temperate habitat. Environ Microbiol 2023; 25:3192-3206. [PMID: 37722696 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.16505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Coastal marine habitats constitute hotspots of primary productivity. In temperate regions, this is due both to massive phytoplankton blooms and dense colonisation by macroalgae that mostly store carbon as glycans, contributing substantially to local and global carbon sequestration. Because they control carbon and energy fluxes, algae-degrading microorganisms are crucial for coastal ecosystem functions. Environmental surveys revealed consistent seasonal dynamics of alga-associated bacterial assemblages, yet resolving what factors regulate the in situ abundance, growth rate and ecological functions of individual taxa remains a challenge. Here, we specifically investigated the seasonal dynamics of abundance and activity for a well-known alga-degrading marine flavobacterial genus in a tidally mixed coastal habitat of the Western English Channel. We show that members of the genus Zobellia are a stable, low-abundance component of healthy macroalgal microbiota and can also colonise particles in the water column. This genus undergoes recurring seasonal variations with higher abundances in winter, significantly associated to biotic and abiotic variables. Zobellia can become a dominant part of bacterial communities on decaying macroalgae, showing a strong activity and high estimated in situ growth rates. These results provide insights into the seasonal dynamics and environmental constraints driving natural populations of alga-degrading bacteria that influence coastal carbon cycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maéva Brunet
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Integrative Biology of Marine Models (LBI2M), Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR), Roscoff, France
| | - Nolwen Le Duff
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Integrative Biology of Marine Models (LBI2M), Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR), Roscoff, France
| | | | - Sarah Romac
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Adaptation et Diversité en Milieu Marin (AD2M)-UMR7144, Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR), Roscoff, France
| | - Tristan Barbeyron
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Integrative Biology of Marine Models (LBI2M), Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR), Roscoff, France
| | - François Thomas
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Integrative Biology of Marine Models (LBI2M), Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR), Roscoff, France
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17
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Wang YW, Wang XH, Zhang J, Du ZJ, Mu DS. Cerina litoralis gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel potential polysaccharide degrading bacterium of the family Flavobacteriaceae, isolated from marine sediment. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 2023; 116:1447-1455. [PMID: 37899393 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-023-01888-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
The Gram-strain-negative, facultative anaerobic, chemoheterotrophic, short-rod-shaped, non-motile, forming yellow colonies strain, designated F89T, was isolated from marine sediment of Xiaoshi Island, Weihai. Strain F89T grew at 15-37 °C (optimally at 28 °C), at pH 6.0-8.5 (optimally at pH 7.0) and in the presence of 1-5% (w/v) NaCl. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that strain F89T was related to the family Flavobacteriaceae. F89T had highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Maribacter cobaltidurans MCCC 1K03318T (93.3%). The predominant cellular fatty acids of F89T were iso-C15:0, iso-C15:0 G and Summed Feature 3. The main respiratory quinone of F89T was menaquinone 6 (MK-6), consistent with that observed for all related strains. The polar lipid profile of strain F89T contained phosphatidylethanolamine, two aminolipids and three unidentified polar lipids. The genomic DNA G + C content of strain F89T was 42.7%. Strain F89T encoded 121 glycoside hydrolases and was a potential polysaccharide degrading bacterium. Differential phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of the strain showed that F89T should be classified as a novel genus in Flavobacteriaceae, for which the name Cerina litoralis is proposed. The type strain is F89T (= MCCC 1H00510T = KCTC 92203T).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Wei Wang
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, 264209, Shandong, China
| | - Xin-Hui Wang
- ANU Joint Science College, Shandong University, Weihai, 264209, Shandong, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, 264209, Shandong, China
| | - Zong-Jun Du
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, 264209, Shandong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, Shandong, China
- Weihai Research Institute of Industrial Technology of Shandong University, Weihai, China
| | - Da-Shuai Mu
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, 264209, Shandong, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, Shandong, China.
- Weihai Research Institute of Industrial Technology of Shandong University, Weihai, China.
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18
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Dutschei T, Beidler I, Bartosik D, Seeßelberg JM, Teune M, Bäumgen M, Ferreira SQ, Heldmann J, Nagel F, Krull J, Berndt L, Methling K, Hein M, Becher D, Langer P, Delcea M, Lalk M, Lammers M, Höhne M, Hehemann JH, Schweder T, Bornscheuer UT. Marine Bacteroidetes enzymatically digest xylans from terrestrial plants. Environ Microbiol 2023; 25:1713-1727. [PMID: 37121608 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.16390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Marine Bacteroidetes that degrade polysaccharides contribute to carbon cycling in the ocean. Organic matter, including glycans from terrestrial plants, might enter the oceans through rivers. Whether marine bacteria degrade structurally related glycans from diverse sources including terrestrial plants and marine algae was previously unknown. We show that the marine bacterium Flavimarina sp. Hel_I_48 encodes two polysaccharide utilization loci (PULs) which degrade xylans from terrestrial plants and marine algae. Biochemical experiments revealed activity and specificity of the encoded xylanases and associated enzymes of these PULs. Proteomics indicated that these genomic regions respond to glucuronoxylans and arabinoxylans. Substrate specificities of key enzymes suggest dedicated metabolic pathways for xylan utilization. Some of the xylanases were active on different xylans with the conserved β-1,4-linked xylose main chain. Enzyme activity was consistent with growth curves showing Flavimarina sp. Hel_I_48 uses structurally different xylans. The observed abundance of related xylan-degrading enzyme repertoires in genomes of other marine Bacteroidetes indicates similar activities are common in the ocean. The here presented data show that certain marine bacteria are genetically and biochemically variable enough to access parts of structurally diverse xylans from terrestrial plants as well as from marine algal sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Dutschei
- Department of Biotechnology & Enzyme Catalysis, Institute of Biochemistry, University Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Irena Beidler
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Daniel Bartosik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology e.V., Greifswald, Germany
| | - Julia-Maria Seeßelberg
- Department of Protein Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Michelle Teune
- Department of Biotechnology & Enzyme Catalysis, Institute of Biochemistry, University Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Marcus Bäumgen
- Department of Biotechnology & Enzyme Catalysis, Institute of Biochemistry, University Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Soraia Querido Ferreira
- Department of Biotechnology & Enzyme Catalysis, Institute of Biochemistry, University Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Julia Heldmann
- Department of Biotechnology & Enzyme Catalysis, Institute of Biochemistry, University Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Felix Nagel
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Joris Krull
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology e.V., Greifswald, Germany
- Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Leona Berndt
- Department of Synthetic and Structural Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Karen Methling
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry and Metabolomics, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Martin Hein
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Dörte Becher
- Department of Microbial Proteomics, Institute of Microbiology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Peter Langer
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Mihaela Delcea
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Michael Lalk
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry and Metabolomics, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Michael Lammers
- Department of Synthetic and Structural Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Matthias Höhne
- Department of Protein Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Jan-Hendrik Hehemann
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology e.V., Greifswald, Germany
- Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Thomas Schweder
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology e.V., Greifswald, Germany
| | - Uwe T Bornscheuer
- Department of Biotechnology & Enzyme Catalysis, Institute of Biochemistry, University Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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19
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Jiang C, Secundo F, Mao X. Expanding the application range of the κ‑carrageenase OUC-FaKC16A when preparing oligosaccharides from κ-carrageenan and furcellaran. MARINE LIFE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 5:387-399. [PMID: 37637255 PMCID: PMC10449746 DOI: 10.1007/s42995-023-00181-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Carrageenan oligosaccharides are important products that have demonstrated numerous bioactivities useful in the food, medicine, and cosmetics industries. However, the specific structure-function relationships of carrageenan oligosaccharides are not clearly described due to the deficiency of high specific carrageenases. Here, a truncated mutant OUC-FaKC16Q based on the reported κ-neocarratetrose (Nκ4)-producing κ-carrageenase OUC-FaKC16A from Flavobacterium algicola was constructed and further studied. After truncating the C-terminal Por_Secre_tail (PorS) domain (responsible for substrate binding), the catalytic efficiency and temperature stability decreased to a certain extent. Surprisingly, this truncation also enabled OUC-FaKC16Q to hydrolyze Nκ4 into κ-neocarrabiose (Nκ2). The offset of Arg265 residue in OUC-FaKC16Q may explain this change. Moreover, the high catalytic abilities, the main products, and the degradation modes of OUC-FaKC16A and OUC-FaKC16Q toward furcellaran were also demonstrated. Data suggested OUC-FaKC16A and OUC-FaKC16Q could hydrolyze furcellaran to produce mainly the desulfated oligosaccharides DA-G-(DA-G4S)2 and DA-G-DA-G4S, respectively. As a result, the spectrum of products of κ-carrageenase OUC-FaKC16A has been fully expanded in this study, indicating its promising potential for application in the biomanufacturing of carrageenan oligosaccharides with specific structures. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s42995-023-00181-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengcheng Jiang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003 China
- Key Laboratory for Biological Processing of Aquatic Products, China National Light Industry, Qingdao, 266237 China
| | - Francesco Secundo
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “Giulio Natta”, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Mario Bianco 9, 20131 Milan, Italy
| | - Xiangzhao Mao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003 China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237 China
- Key Laboratory for Biological Processing of Aquatic Products, China National Light Industry, Qingdao, 266237 China
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20
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Lu DC, Wang FQ, Amann RI, Teeling H, Du ZJ. Epiphytic common core bacteria in the microbiomes of co-located green (Ulva), brown (Saccharina) and red (Grateloupia, Gelidium) macroalgae. MICROBIOME 2023; 11:126. [PMID: 37264413 PMCID: PMC10233909 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-023-01559-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Macroalgal epiphytic microbial communities constitute a rich resource for novel enzymes and compounds, but studies so far largely focused on tag-based microbial diversity analyses or limited metagenome sequencing of single macroalgal species. RESULTS We sampled epiphytic bacteria from specimens of Ulva sp. (green algae), Saccharina sp. (brown algae), Grateloupia sp. and Gelidium sp. (both red algae) together with seawater and sediment controls from a coastal reef in Weihai, China, during all seasons. Using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing, we identified 14 core genera (consistently present on all macroalgae), and 14 dominant genera (consistently present on three of the macroalgae). Core genera represented ~ 0.7% of all genera, yet accounted for on average 51.1% of the bacterial abundances. Plate cultivation from all samples yielded 5,527 strains (macroalgae: 4,426) representing 1,235 species (685 potentially novel). Sequencing of selected strains yielded 820 non-redundant draft genomes (506 potentially novel), and sequencing of 23 sampled metagenomes yielded 1,619 metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs), representing further 1,183 non-redundant genomes. 230 isolates and 153 genomes were obtained from the 28 core/dominant genera. We analyzed the genomic potential of phycosphere bacteria to degrade algal polysaccharides and to produce bioactive secondary metabolites. We predicted 4,451 polysaccharide utilization loci (PULs) and 8,810 biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs). These were particularly prevalent in core/dominant genera. CONCLUSIONS Our metabolic annotations and analyses of MAGs and genomes provide new insights into novel species of phycosphere bacteria and their ecological niches for an improved understanding of the macroalgal phycosphere microbiome. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- De-Chen Lu
- Marine College, Shandong University, No. 180, Wenhua Xilu, Weihai, Shandong Province 264209 China
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Celsiusstraße 1, Bremen, 28359 Germany
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Institute of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237 China
| | - Feng-Qing Wang
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Celsiusstraße 1, Bremen, 28359 Germany
| | - Rudolf I. Amann
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Celsiusstraße 1, Bremen, 28359 Germany
| | - Hanno Teeling
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Celsiusstraße 1, Bremen, 28359 Germany
| | - Zong-Jun Du
- Marine College, Shandong University, No. 180, Wenhua Xilu, Weihai, Shandong Province 264209 China
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Institute of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237 China
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21
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Sharma A, Kaur I, Dheer D, Nagpal M, Kumar P, Venkatesh DN, Puri V, Singh I. A propitious role of marine sourced polysaccharides: Drug delivery and biomedical applications. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 308:120448. [PMID: 36813329 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.120448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Numerous compounds, with extensive applications in biomedical and biotechnological fields, are present in the oceans, which serve as a prime renewable source of natural substances, further promoting the development of novel medical systems and devices. Polysaccharides are present in the marine ecosystem in abundance, promoting minimal extraction costs, in addition to their solubility in extraction media, and an aqueous solvent, along with their interactions with biological compounds. Certain algae-derived polysaccharides include fucoidan, alginate, and carrageenan, while animal-derived polysaccharides comprise hyaluronan, chitosan and many others. Furthermore, these compounds can be modified to facilitate their processing into multiple shapes and sizes, as well as exhibit response dependence to external conditions like temperature and pH. All these properties have promoted the use of these biomaterials as raw materials for the development of drug delivery carrier systems (hydrogels, particles, capsules). The present review enlightens marine polysaccharides providing its sources, structures, biological properties, and its biomedical applications. In addition to this, their role as nanomaterials is also portrayed by the authors, along with the methods employed to develop them and associated biological and physicochemical properties designed to develop suitable drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ameya Sharma
- Chitkara School of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Ishnoor Kaur
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India; University of Glasgow, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Glasgow, United Kingdom, G12 8QQ
| | - Divya Dheer
- Chitkara School of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Manju Nagpal
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - D Nagasamy Venkatesh
- JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Ooty, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vivek Puri
- Chitkara School of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Himachal Pradesh, India.
| | - Inderbir Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India.
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22
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Podell S, Oliver A, Kelly LW, Sparagon WJ, Plominsky AM, Nelson RS, Laurens LML, Augyte S, Sims NA, Nelson CE, Allen EE. Herbivorous Fish Microbiome Adaptations to Sulfated Dietary Polysaccharides. Appl Environ Microbiol 2023; 89:e0215422. [PMID: 37133385 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02154-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Marine herbivorous fish that feed primarily on macroalgae, such as those from the genus Kyphosus, are essential for maintaining coral health and abundance on tropical reefs. Here, deep metagenomic sequencing and assembly of gut compartment-specific samples from three sympatric, macroalgivorous Hawaiian kyphosid species have been used to connect host gut microbial taxa with predicted protein functional capacities likely to contribute to efficient macroalgal digestion. Bacterial community compositions, algal dietary sources, and predicted enzyme functionalities were analyzed in parallel for 16 metagenomes spanning the mid- and hindgut digestive regions of wild-caught fishes. Gene colocalization patterns of expanded carbohydrate (CAZy) and sulfatase (SulfAtlas) digestive enzyme families on assembled contigs were used to identify likely polysaccharide utilization locus associations and to visualize potential cooperative networks of extracellularly exported proteins targeting complex sulfated polysaccharides. These insights into the gut microbiota of herbivorous marine fish and their functional capabilities improve our understanding of the enzymes and microorganisms involved in digesting complex macroalgal sulfated polysaccharides. IMPORTANCE This work connects specific uncultured bacterial taxa with distinct polysaccharide digestion capabilities lacking in their marine vertebrate hosts, providing fresh insights into poorly understood processes for deconstructing complex sulfated polysaccharides and potential evolutionary mechanisms for microbial acquisition of expanded macroalgal utilization gene functions. Several thousand new marine-specific candidate enzyme sequences for polysaccharide utilization have been identified. These data provide foundational resources for future investigations into suppression of coral reef macroalgal overgrowth, fish host physiology, the use of macroalgal feedstocks in terrestrial and aquaculture animal feeds, and the bioconversion of macroalgae biomass into value-added commercial fuel and chemical products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheila Podell
- Center for Marine Biotechnology & Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Aaron Oliver
- Center for Marine Biotechnology & Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Linda Wegley Kelly
- Marine Biology Research Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Wesley J Sparagon
- Daniel K. Inouye Center for Microbial Oceanography, School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Alvaro M Plominsky
- Marine Biology Research Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Craig E Nelson
- Daniel K. Inouye Center for Microbial Oceanography, School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Eric E Allen
- Center for Marine Biotechnology & Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
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23
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Brott S, Nam KH, Thomas F, Dutschei T, Reisky L, Behrens M, Grimm HC, Michel G, Schweder T, Bornscheuer UT. Unique alcohol dehydrogenases involved in algal sugar utilization by marine bacteria. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 107:2363-2384. [PMID: 36881117 PMCID: PMC10033563 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12447-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
Marine algae produce complex polysaccharides, which can be degraded by marine heterotrophic bacteria utilizing carbohydrate-active enzymes. The red algal polysaccharide porphyran contains the methoxy sugar 6-O-methyl-D-galactose (G6Me). In the degradation of porphyran, oxidative demethylation of this monosaccharide towards D-galactose and formaldehyde occurs, which is catalyzed by a cytochrome P450 monooxygenase and its redox partners. In direct proximity to the genes encoding for the key enzymes of this oxidative demethylation, genes encoding for zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenases (ADHs) were identified, which seem to be conserved in porphyran utilizing marine Flavobacteriia. Considering the fact that dehydrogenases could play an auxiliary role in carbohydrate degradation, we aimed to elucidate the physiological role of these marine ADHs. Although our results reveal that the ADHs are not involved in formaldehyde detoxification, a knockout of the ADH gene causes a dramatic growth defect of Zobellia galactanivorans with G6Me as a substrate. This indicates that the ADH is required for G6Me utilization. Complete biochemical characterizations of the ADHs from Formosa agariphila KMM 3901T (FoADH) and Z. galactanivorans DsijT (ZoADH) were performed, and the substrate screening revealed that these enzymes preferentially convert aromatic aldehydes. Additionally, we elucidated the crystal structures of FoADH and ZoADH in complex with NAD+ and showed that the strict substrate specificity of these new auxiliary enzymes is based on a narrow active site. KEY POINTS: • Knockout of the ADH-encoding gene revealed its role in 6-O-methyl-D-galactose utilization, suggesting a new auxiliary activity in marine carbohydrate degradation. • Complete enzyme characterization indicated no function in a subsequent reaction of the oxidative demethylation, such as formaldehyde detoxification. • These marine ADHs preferentially convert aromatic compounds, and their strict substrate specificity is based on a narrow active site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Brott
- Department of Biotechnology & Enzyme Catalysis, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, 17487, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Ki Hyun Nam
- Department of Life Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, South Korea
| | - François Thomas
- Laboratory of Integrative Biology of Marine Models (LBI2M), Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR), Sorbonne Université, CNRS 29688, Roscoff, Bretagne, France
| | - Theresa Dutschei
- Department of Biotechnology & Enzyme Catalysis, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, 17487, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Lukas Reisky
- Department of Biotechnology & Enzyme Catalysis, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, 17487, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Maike Behrens
- Department of Biotechnology & Enzyme Catalysis, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, 17487, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Hanna C Grimm
- Department of Biotechnology & Enzyme Catalysis, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, 17487, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Gurvan Michel
- Laboratory of Integrative Biology of Marine Models (LBI2M), Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR), Sorbonne Université, CNRS 29688, Roscoff, Bretagne, France
| | - Thomas Schweder
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Greifswald, 17487, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Uwe T Bornscheuer
- Department of Biotechnology & Enzyme Catalysis, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, 17487, Greifswald, Germany.
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24
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Li J, Liang Y, He Z, An L, Liu Y, Zhong M, Hu Z. Tamlana laminarinivorans sp. nov. and Tamlana sargassicola sp. nov., two novel species isolated from Sargassum, show genomic and physiological adaptations for a Sargassum-associated lifestyle. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2023; 73. [PMID: 36884369 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.005706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The genus Tamlana from the Bacteroidota currently includes six validated species. Two strains designated PT2-4T and 62-3T were isolated from Sargassum abundant at the Pingtan island coast in the Fujian Province of China. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that the closest described relative of strains PT2-4T and 62-3T is Tamlana sedimentorum JCM 19808T with 98.40 and 97.98% sequence similarity, respectively. The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between strain PT2-4T and strain 62-3T was 98.68 %. Furthermore, the highest average nucleotide identity values were 87.34 and 88.97 % for strains PT2-4T and 62-3T, respectively. The highest DNA-DNA hybridization (DDH) value of strain PT2-4T was 35.2 % with strain 62-3T, while the DDH value of strain 62-3T was 37.7 % with T. sedimentorum JCM 19808T. Growth of strains PT2-4T and 62-3T occurs at 15-40 °C (optimum, 30 °C) with 0-4 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 0-1 %). Strains PT2-4T and 62-3T can grow from pH 5.0 to 10.0 (optimum, pH 7.0). The major fatty acids of strains PT2-4T and 62-3T are iso-C15 : 0 and iso G-C15 : 1. MK-6 is the sole respiratory quinone. Genomic and physiological analyses of strains PT2-4T and 62-3T showed corresponding adaptive features. Significant adaptation to the growth environment of macroalgae includes the degradation of brown algae-derived diverse polysaccharides (alginate, laminarin and fucoidan). Notably, strain PT2-4T can utilize laminarin, fucoidan and alginate via specific carbohydrate-active enzymes encoded in polysaccharide utilization loci, rarely described for the genus Tamlana to date. Based on their distinct physiological characteristics and the traits of utilizing polysaccharides from Sargassum, strains PT2-4T and 62-3T are suggested to be classified into two novel species, Tamlana laminarinivorans sp. nov. and Tamlana sargassicola sp. nov. (type strain PT2-4T=MCCC 1K04427T=KCTC 92183T and type strain 62-3T=MCCC 1K04421T=KCTC 92182T).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Li
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, PR China
| | - Yumei Liang
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, PR China
| | - Zhixiao He
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, PR China
| | - Lu An
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, PR China
| | - Yongjin Liu
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, PR China
| | - Mingqi Zhong
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, PR China
| | - Zhong Hu
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, PR China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, 511458, PR China
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25
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Poulet L, Mathieu S, Drouillard S, Buon L, Touvrey M, Helbert W. α-Carrageenan: An alternative route for the heterogenous phase degradation of hybrid ι-/κ-carrageenan. ALGAL RES 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2023.103049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
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26
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Pathiraja D, Cho J, Stougaard P, Choi IG. Enzymatic Process for the Carrageenolytic Bioconversion of Sulfated Polygalactans into β-Neocarrabiose and 3,6-Anhydro-d-galactose. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:635-645. [PMID: 36580413 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c06972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Oligosaccharides and anhydro-sugars derived from carrageenan have great potential as functional foods and drugs showing various bioactivities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antitumor, and cytotoxic activities. Although preparation of sulfated carrageenan oligosaccharides by chemical and enzymatic processes has been widely reported, preparation of nonsulfated β-neocarrabiose (β-NC2) and the rare sugar 3,6-anhydro-d-galactose (d-AHG) was not reported in the literature. Based on the carrageenan catabolic pathway in marine heterotrophic bacteria, an enzymatic process was designed and constructed with recombinant κ-carrageenase, GH127/GH129 α-1,3 anhydrogalactosidase, and cell-free extract from marine carrageenolytic bacteria Colwellia echini A3T. The process consisted of three successive steps, namely, (i) depolymerization, (ii) desulfation, and (iii) monomerization, by which carrageenan oligosaccharides, β-NC2, and d-AHG were obtained from κ-carrageenan. Unlike the chemical process, enzymatic hydrolysis yields oligosaccharides with the desired degree of polymerization facilitates specific removal of sulfated groups, free of toxic byproducts, and avoids chemical modifications. The final optimized enzymatic process produced 0.52 g of β-NC2 and 0.24 g of d-AHG from 1 g of κ-carrageenan. The carrageenolytic process designed for the enzymatic hydrolysis of κ-carrageenan can be scaled up for the mass production of bioactive carrageeno-oligosaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duleepa Pathiraja
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Junghwan Cho
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Peter Stougaard
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Aarhus University, DK-4000 Rockslide, Denmark
| | - In-Geol Choi
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
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Harvey DJ. Analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry: An update for 2017-2018. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2023; 42:227-431. [PMID: 34719822 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This review is the tenth update of the original article published in 1999 on the application of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI) mass spectrometry to the analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates and brings coverage of the literature to the end of 2018. Also included are papers that describe methods appropriate to glycan and glycoprotein analysis by MALDI, such as sample preparation techniques, even though the ionization method is not MALDI. Topics covered in the first part of the review include general aspects such as theory of the MALDI process, new methods, matrices, derivatization, MALDI imaging, fragmentation and the use of arrays. The second part of the review is devoted to applications to various structural types such as oligo- and poly-saccharides, glycoproteins, glycolipids, glycosides, and biopharmaceuticals. Most of the applications are presented in tabular form. The third part of the review covers medical and industrial applications of the technique, studies of enzyme reactions, and applications to chemical synthesis. The reported work shows increasing use of combined new techniques such as ion mobility and highlights the impact that MALDI imaging is having across a range of diciplines. MALDI is still an ideal technique for carbohydrate analysis and advancements in the technique and the range of applications continue steady progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Harvey
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Bligh M, Nguyen N, Buck-Wiese H, Vidal-Melgosa S, Hehemann JH. Structures and functions of algal glycans shape their capacity to sequester carbon in the ocean. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2022; 71:102204. [PMID: 36155346 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2022.102204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Algae synthesise structurally complex glycans to build a protective barrier, the extracellular matrix. One function of matrix glycans is to slow down microorganisms that try to enzymatically enter living algae and degrade and convert their organic carbon back to carbon dioxide. We propose that matrix glycans lock up carbon in the ocean by controlling degradation of organic carbon by bacteria and other microbes not only while algae are alive, but also after death. Data revised in this review shows accumulation of algal glycans in the ocean underscoring the challenge bacteria and other microbes face to breach the glycan barrier with carbohydrate active enzymes. Briefly we also update on methods required to certify the uncertain magnitude and unknown molecular causes of glycan-controlled carbon sequestration in a changing ocean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margot Bligh
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany; University of Bremen, MARUM Centre for Marine Environmental Sciences Bremen, Germany
| | - Nguyen Nguyen
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany; University of Bremen, MARUM Centre for Marine Environmental Sciences Bremen, Germany
| | - Hagen Buck-Wiese
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany; University of Bremen, MARUM Centre for Marine Environmental Sciences Bremen, Germany
| | - Silvia Vidal-Melgosa
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany; University of Bremen, MARUM Centre for Marine Environmental Sciences Bremen, Germany
| | - Jan-Hendrik Hehemann
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany; University of Bremen, MARUM Centre for Marine Environmental Sciences Bremen, Germany.
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Stam M, Lelièvre P, Hoebeke M, Corre E, Barbeyron T, Michel G. SulfAtlas, the sulfatase database: state of the art and new developments. Nucleic Acids Res 2022; 51:D647-D653. [PMID: 36318251 PMCID: PMC9825549 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkac977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
SulfAtlas (https://sulfatlas.sb-roscoff.fr/) is a knowledge-based resource dedicated to a sequence-based classification of sulfatases. Currently four sulfatase families exist (S1-S4) and the largest family (S1, formylglycine-dependent sulfatases) is divided into subfamilies by a phylogenetic approach, each subfamily corresponding to either a single characterized specificity (or few specificities in some cases) or to unknown substrates. Sequences are linked to their biochemical and structural information according to an expert scrutiny of the available literature. Database browsing was initially made possible both through a keyword search engine and a specific sequence similarity (BLAST) server. In this article, we will briefly summarize the experimental progresses in the sulfatase field in the last 6 years. To improve and speed up the (sub)family assignment of sulfatases in (meta)genomic data, we have developed a new, freely-accessible search engine using Hidden Markov model (HMM) for each (sub)family. This new tool (SulfAtlas HMM) is also a key part of the internal pipeline used to regularly update the database. SulfAtlas resource has indeed significantly grown since its creation in 2016, from 4550 sequences to 162 430 sequences in August 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mark Hoebeke
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, FR2424, ABiMS, Station Biologique de Roscoff, 29680, Roscoff, Bretagne, France
| | - Erwan Corre
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, FR2424, ABiMS, Station Biologique de Roscoff, 29680, Roscoff, Bretagne, France
| | - Tristan Barbeyron
- Correspondence may also be addressed to Tristan Barbeyron. Tel: +33 298 29 23 30; Fax: +33 298 29 23 24;
| | - Gurvan Michel
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +33 298 29 23 30; Fax: +33 298 29 23 24;
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A Novel Carrageenan Metabolic Pathway in Flavobacterium algicola. Appl Environ Microbiol 2022; 88:e0110022. [PMID: 36036580 PMCID: PMC9499021 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01100-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbohydrate-active enzymes are important components of the polysaccharide metabolism system in marine bacteria. Carrageenase is indispensable for forming carrageenan catalytic pathways. Here, two GH16_13 carrageenases showed likely hydrolysis activities toward different types of carrageenans (e.g., κ-, hybrid β/κ, hybrid α/ι, and hybrid λ), which indicates that a novel pathway is present in the marine bacterium Flavobacterium algicola to use κ-carrageenan (KC), ι-carrageenan (IC), and λ-carrageenan (LC). A comparative study described the different features with another reported pathway based on the specific carrageenans (κ, ι, and λ) and expanded the carrageenan metabolic versatility in F. algicola. A further comparative genomic analysis of carrageenan-degrading bacteria indicated different distributions of carrageenan metabolism-related genes in marine bacteria. The crucial core genes encoding the GH127 α-3,6-anhydro-d-galactosidase (ADAG) and 3,6-anhydro-d-galactose (d-AHG)-utilized cluster have been conserved during evolution. This analysis further revealed the horizontal gene transfer (HGT) phenomenon of the carrageenan polysaccharide utilization loci (CarPUL) from Bacteroidetes to other bacterial phyla, as well as the versatility of carrageenan catalytic activities in marine bacteria through different metabolic pathways. IMPORTANCE Based on the premise that the specific carrageenan-based pathway involved in carrageenan use by Flavobacterium algicola has been identified, another pathway was further analyzed, and it involved two GH16_13 carrageenases. Among all the characterized carrageenases, the members of GH16_13 accounted for only a small portion. Here, the functional analysis of two GH16_13 carrageenases suggested their hydrolysis effects on different types of carrageenans (e.g., κ, hybrid β/κ, hybrid α/ι-, and hybrid λ-), which led to the identification of another pathway. Further exploration enabled us to elucidate the novel pathway that metabolizes KC and IC in F. algicola successfully. The coexistence of these two pathways may provide improved survivability by F. algicola in the marine environment.
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Leadbeater DR, Bruce NC, Tonon T. In silico identification of bacterial seaweed-degrading bioplastic producers. Microb Genom 2022; 8:mgen000866. [PMID: 36125959 PMCID: PMC9676036 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.000866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an urgent need to replace petroleum-based plastic with bio-based and biodegradable alternatives. Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are attractive prospective replacements that exhibit desirable mechanical properties and are recyclable and biodegradable in terrestrial and marine environments. However, the production costs today still limit the economic sustainability of the PHA industry. Seaweed cultivation represents an opportunity for carbon capture, while also supplying a sustainable photosynthetic feedstock for PHA production. We mined existing gene and protein databases to identify bacteria able to grow and produce PHAs using seaweed-derived carbohydrates as substrates. There were no significant relationships between the genes involved in the deconstruction of algae polysaccharides and PHA production, with poor to negative correlations and diffused clustering suggesting evolutionary compartmentalism. We identified 2 987 bacterial candidates spanning 40 taxonomic families predominantly within Alphaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria and Burkholderiales with enriched seaweed-degrading capacity that also harbour PHA synthesis potential. These included highly promising candidates with specialist and generalist specificities, including Alteromonas, Aquisphaera, Azotobacter, Bacillus, Caulobacter, Cellvibrionaceae, Duganella, Janthinobacterium, Massilia, Oxalobacteraceae, Parvularcula, Pirellulaceae, Pseudomonas, Rhizobacter, Rhodanobacter, Simiduia, Sphingobium, Sphingomonadaceae, Sphingomonas, Stieleria, Vibrio and Xanthomonas. In this enriched subset, the family-level densities of genes targeting green macroalgae polysaccharides were considerably higher (n=231.6±68.5) than enzymes targeting brown (n=65.34±13.12) and red (n=30.5±10.72) polysaccharides. Within these organisms, an abundance of FabG genes was observed, suggesting that the fatty acid de novo synthesis pathway supplies (R)-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA or 3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA from core metabolic processes and is the predominant mechanism of PHA production in these organisms. Our results facilitate extending seaweed biomass valorization in the context of consolidated biorefining for the production of bioplastics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R. Leadbeater
- Centre for Novel Agricultural Products, Department of Biology, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Neil C. Bruce
- Centre for Novel Agricultural Products, Department of Biology, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Thierry Tonon
- Centre for Novel Agricultural Products, Department of Biology, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK
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Consuming fresh macroalgae induces specific catabolic pathways, stress reactions and Type IX secretion in marine flavobacterial pioneer degraders. THE ISME JOURNAL 2022; 16:2027-2039. [PMID: 35589967 PMCID: PMC9296495 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-022-01251-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Macroalgae represent huge amounts of biomass worldwide, largely recycled by marine heterotrophic bacteria. We investigated the strategies of bacteria within the flavobacterial genus Zobellia to initiate the degradation of whole algal tissues, which has received little attention compared to the degradation of isolated polysaccharides. Zobellia galactanivorans DsijT has the capacity to use fresh brown macroalgae as a sole carbon source and extensively degrades algal tissues via the secretion of extracellular enzymes, even in the absence of physical contact with the algae. Co-cultures experiments with the non-degrading strain Tenacibaculum aestuarii SMK-4T showed that Z. galactanivorans can act as a pioneer that initiates algal breakdown and shares public goods with other bacteria. A comparison of eight Zobellia strains, and strong transcriptomic shifts in Z. galactanivorans cells using fresh macroalgae vs. isolated polysaccharides, revealed potential overlooked traits of pioneer bacteria. Besides brown algal polysaccharide degradation, they notably include oxidative stress resistance proteins, type IX secretion system proteins and novel uncharacterized polysaccharide utilization loci. Overall, this work highlights the relevance of studying fresh macroalga degradation to fully understand the metabolic and ecological strategies of pioneer microbial degraders, key players in macroalgal biomass remineralization.
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Niche partitioning of the ubiquitous and ecologically relevant NS5 marine group. THE ISME JOURNAL 2022; 16:1570-1582. [PMID: 35169264 PMCID: PMC9122927 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-022-01209-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Niche concept is a core tenet of ecology that has recently been applied in marine microbial research to describe the partitioning of taxa based either on adaptations to specific conditions across environments or on adaptations to specialised substrates. In this study, we combine spatiotemporal dynamics and predicted substrate utilisation to describe species-level niche partitioning within the NS5 Marine Group. Despite NS5 representing one of the most abundant marine flavobacterial clades from across the world’s oceans, our knowledge on their phylogenetic diversity and ecological functions is limited. Using novel and database-derived 16S rRNA gene and ribosomal protein sequences, we delineate the NS5 into 35 distinct species-level clusters, contained within four novel candidate genera. One candidate species, “Arcticimaribacter forsetii AHE01FL”, includes a novel cultured isolate, for which we provide a complete genome sequence—the first of an NS5—along with morphological insights using transmission electron microscopy. Assessing species’ spatial distribution dynamics across the Tara Oceans dataset, we identify depth as a key influencing factor, with 32 species preferring surface waters, as well as distinct patterns in relation to temperature, oxygen and salinity. Each species harbours a unique substrate-degradation potential along with predicted substrates conserved at the genus-level, e.g. alginate in NS5_F. Successional dynamics were observed for three species in a time-series dataset, likely driven by specialised substrate adaptations. We propose that the ecological niche partitioning of NS5 species is mainly based on specific abiotic factors, which define the niche space, and substrate availability that drive the species-specific temporal dynamics.
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Skoog EJ, Moore KR, Gong J, Ciccarese D, Momper L, Cutts EM, Bosak T. Metagenomic, (bio)chemical, and microscopic analyses reveal the potential for the cycling of sulfated EPS in Shark Bay pustular mats. ISME COMMUNICATIONS 2022; 2:43. [PMID: 37938726 PMCID: PMC9723792 DOI: 10.1038/s43705-022-00128-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacteria and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) in peritidal pustular microbial mats have a two-billion-year-old fossil record. To understand the composition, production, degradation, and potential role of EPS in modern analogous communities, we sampled pustular mats from Shark Bay, Australia and analyzed their EPS matrix. Biochemical and microscopic analyses identified sulfated organic compounds as major components of mat EPS. Sulfur was more abundant in the unmineralized regions with cyanobacteria and less prevalent in areas that contained fewer cyanobacteria and more carbonate precipitates. Sequencing and assembly of the pustular mat sample resulted in 83 high-quality metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs). Metagenomic analyses confirmed cyanobacteria as the primary sources of these sulfated polysaccharides. Genes encoding for sulfatases, glycosyl hydrolases, and other enzymes with predicted roles in the degradation of sulfated polysaccharides were detected in the MAGs of numerous clades including Bacteroidetes, Chloroflexi, Hydrogenedentes, Myxococcota, Verrucomicrobia, and Planctomycetes. Measurable sulfatase activity in pustular mats and fresh cyanobacterial EPS confirmed the role of sulfatases in the degradation of sulfated EPS. These findings suggest that the synthesis, modification, and degradation of sulfated polysaccharides influence microbial interactions, carbon cycling, and biomineralization processes within peritidal pustular microbial mats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie J Skoog
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
| | - Kelsey R Moore
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- California Institute of Technology, Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Jian Gong
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Davide Ciccarese
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Lily Momper
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Exponent, Inc., Pasadena, CA, 91106, USA
| | - Elise M Cutts
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Tanja Bosak
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
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Brott S, Thomas F, Behrens M, Methling K, Bartosik D, Dutschei T, Lalk M, Michel G, Schweder T, Bornscheuer U. Connecting algal polysaccharide degradation to formaldehyde detoxification. Chembiochem 2022; 23:e202200269. [PMID: 35561127 PMCID: PMC9400963 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202200269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Formaldehyde is a toxic metabolite that is formed in large quantities during bacterial utilization of the methoxy sugar 6‐O‐methyl‐d‐galactose, an abundant monosaccharide in the red algal polysaccharide porphyran. Marine bacteria capable of metabolizing porphyran must therefore possess suitable detoxification systems for formaldehyde. We demonstrate here that detoxification of formaldehyde in the marine Flavobacterium Zobellia galactanivorans proceeds via the ribulose monophosphate pathway. Simultaneously, we show that the genes encoding the key enzymes of this pathway are important for maintaining high formaldehyde resistance. Additionally, these genes are upregulated in the presence of porphyran, allowing us to connect porphyran degradation to the detoxification of formed formaldehyde.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Brott
- Universität Greifswald: Universitat Greifswald, Institute of Biochemistry, GERMANY
| | | | - Maike Behrens
- University of Greifswald: Universitat Greifswald, Institute of Biochemistry, GERMANY
| | - Karen Methling
- Universität Greifswald: Universitat Greifswald, Institute of Biochemistry, GERMANY
| | - Daniel Bartosik
- Universität Greifswald: Universitat Greifswald, Institute of Pharmacy, GERMANY
| | - Theresa Dutschei
- Universität Greifswald: Universitat Greifswald, Institute of Biochemistry, GERMANY
| | - Michael Lalk
- Universität Greifswald: Universitat Greifswald, Institute of Biochemistry, GERMANY
| | - Gurvan Michel
- Sorbonne Universite, Station Biologique de Roscoff, FRANCE
| | - Thomas Schweder
- Universität Greifswald: Universitat Greifswald, Institute of Pharmacy, GERMANY
| | - Uwe Bornscheuer
- Greifswald University, Dept. of Biotechnology & Enzyme Catalysis, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 4, 17487, Greifswald, GERMANY
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Hettle AG, Vickers CJ, Boraston AB. Sulfatases: Critical Enzymes for Algal Polysaccharide Processing. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:837636. [PMID: 35574087 PMCID: PMC9096561 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.837636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Microbial sulfatases are important biocatalysts in the marine environment where they play a key role in the catabolic biotransformation of abundant sulphated algal polysaccharides. The sulphate esters decorating algal polysaccharides, such as carrageenan, fucoidan and ulvan, can constitute up to 40% of the biopolymer dry weight. The use of this plentiful carbon and energy source by heterotrophic microbes is enabled in part by the sulfatases encoded in their genomes. Sulfatase catalysed hydrolytic removal of sulphate esters is a key reaction at various stages of the enzymatic cascade that depolymerises sulphated polysaccharides into monosaccharides that can enter energy yielding metabolic pathways. As the critical roles of sulfatases in the metabolism of sulphated polysaccharides from marine algae is increasingly revealed, the structural and functional analysis of these enzymes becomes an important component of understanding these metabolic pathways. The S1 family of formylglycine-dependent sulfatases is the largest and most functionally diverse sulfatase family that is frequently active on polysaccharides. Here, we review this important sulfatase family with emphasis on recent developments in studying the structural and functional relationship between sulfatases and their sulphated algal polysaccharide substrates. This analysis utilises the recently proposed active site nomenclature for sulfatases. We will highlight the key role of sulfatases, not only in marine carbon cycling, but also as potential biocatalysts for the production of a variety of novel tailor made sulphated oligomers, which are useful products in, for example, pharmaceutical or cosmetic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew G. Hettle
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Chelsea J. Vickers
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Alisdair B. Boraston
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
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Enzymatic Verification and Comparative Analysis of Carrageenan Metabolism Pathways in Marine Bacterium Flavobacterium algicola. Appl Environ Microbiol 2022; 88:e0025622. [PMID: 35293779 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00256-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine bacteria usually contain polysaccharide utilization loci (PUL) for metabolizing red algae polysaccharides. They are of great significance in the carbon cycle of the marine ecosystem, as well as in supporting marine heterotrophic bacterial growth. Here, we described the whole κ-carrageenan (KC), ι-carrageenan (IC), and partial λ-carrageenan (LC) catabolic pathways in a marine Gram-negative bacterium, Flavobacterium algicola, which is involved carrageenan polysaccharide hydrolases, oligosaccharide sulfatases, oligosaccharide glycosidases, and the 3,6-anhydro-d-galactose (d-AHG) utilization-related enzymes harbored in the carrageenan-specific PUL. In the pathways, the KC and IC were hydrolyzed into 4-sugar-unit oligomers by specific glycoside hydrolases. Then, the multifunctional G4S sulfatases would remove their nonreducing ends' G4S sulfate groups, while the ι-neocarratetrose (Nι4) product would further lose the nonreducing end of its DA2S group. Furthermore, the neocarrageenan oligosaccharides (NCOSs) with no G4S and DA2S groups in their nonreducing ends would completely be decomposed into d-Gal and d-AHG. Finally, the released d-AHG would enter the cytoplasmic four-step enzymatic process, and an l-rhamnose-H+ transporter (RhaT) was preliminarily verified for the function for transportation of d-AHG. Moreover, comparative analysis with the reported carrageenan metabolism pathways further implied the diversity of microbial systems for utilizing the red algae carrageenan. IMPORTANCE Carrageenan is the main polysaccharide of red macroalgae and is composed of d-AHG and d-Gal. The carrageenan PUL (CarPUL)-encoded enzymes exist in many marine bacteria for decomposing carrageenan to provide self-growth. Here, the related enzymes in Flavobacterium algicola for metabolizing carrageenan were characterized for describing the catabolic pathways, notably, although the specific polysaccharide hydrolases existed that were like previous studies. A multifunctional G4S sulfatase also existed, which was devoted to the removal of G4S or G2S sulfate groups from three kinds of NCOSs. Additionally, the transformation of three types of carrageenans into two monomers, d-Gal and d-AHG, occurred outside the cell with no periplasmic reactions that existed in previously reported pathways. These results help to clarify the diversity of marine bacteria using macroalgae polysaccharides.
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Metabolism of a hybrid algal galactan by members of the human gut microbiome. Nat Chem Biol 2022; 18:501-510. [PMID: 35289327 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-022-00983-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Native porphyran is a hybrid of porphryan and agarose. As a common element of edible seaweed, this algal galactan is a frequent component of the human diet. Bacterial members of the human gut microbiota have acquired polysaccharide utilization loci (PULs) that enable the metabolism of porphyran or agarose. However, the molecular mechanisms that underlie the deconstruction and use of native porphyran remains incompletely defined. Here, we have studied two human gut bacteria, porphyranolytic Bacteroides plebeius and agarolytic Bacteroides uniformis, that target native porphyran. This reveals an exo-based cycle of porphyran depolymerization that incorporates a keystone sulfatase. In both PULs this cycle also works together with a PUL-encoded agarose depolymerizing machinery to synergistically reduce native porphyran to monosaccharides. This provides a framework for understanding the deconstruction of a hybrid algal galactan, and insight into the competitive and/or syntrophic relationship of gut microbiota members that target rare nutrients.
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Pudlo NA, Pereira GV, Parnami J, Cid M, Markert S, Tingley JP, Unfried F, Ali A, Varghese NJ, Kim KS, Campbell A, Urs K, Xiao Y, Adams R, Martin D, Bolam DN, Becher D, Eloe-Fadrosh EA, Schmidt TM, Abbott DW, Schweder T, Hehemann JH, Martens EC. Diverse events have transferred genes for edible seaweed digestion from marine to human gut bacteria. Cell Host Microbe 2022; 30:314-328.e11. [PMID: 35240043 PMCID: PMC9096808 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2022.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Humans harbor numerous species of colonic bacteria that digest fiber polysaccharides in commonly consumed terrestrial plants. More recently in history, regional populations have consumed edible macroalgae seaweeds containing unique polysaccharides. It remains unclear how extensively gut bacteria have adapted to digest these nutrients. Here, we show that the ability of gut bacteria to digest seaweed polysaccharides is more pervasive than previously appreciated. Enrichment-cultured Bacteroides harbor previously discovered genes for seaweed degradation, which have mobilized into several members of this genus. Additionally, other examples of marine bacteria-derived genes, and their mobile DNA elements, are involved in gut microbial degradation of seaweed polysaccharides, including genes in gut-resident Firmicutes. Collectively, these results uncover multiple separate events that have mobilized the genes encoding seaweed-degrading-enzymes into gut bacteria. This work further underscores the metabolic plasticity of the human gut microbiome and global exchange of genes in the context of dietary selective pressures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas A Pudlo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | | | - Jaagni Parnami
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Biology, Bremen, Germany
| | - Melissa Cid
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Biology, Bremen, Germany
| | - Stephanie Markert
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, University of Greifswald, 17487 Greifswald, Germany; Institute of Marine Biotechnology, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Jeffrey P Tingley
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Frank Unfried
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Ahmed Ali
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | | | - Kwi S Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Austin Campbell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Karthik Urs
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Yao Xiao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Ryan Adams
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Duña Martin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - David N Bolam
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | | | | | - Thomas M Schmidt
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - D Wade Abbott
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Thomas Schweder
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, University of Greifswald, 17487 Greifswald, Germany; Institute of Marine Biotechnology, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Jan Hendrik Hehemann
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Biology, Bremen, Germany; University of Bremen, Center for Marine Environmental Sciences (MARUM), 28359 Bremen, Germany.
| | - Eric C Martens
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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Li J, He Z, Liang Y, Peng T, Hu Z. Insights into Algal Polysaccharides: A Review of Their Structure, Depolymerases, and Metabolic Pathways. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:1749-1765. [PMID: 35124966 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c05365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, marine macroalgae with extensive biomass have attracted the attention of researchers worldwide. Furthermore, algal polysaccharides have been widely studied in the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic fields because of their various kinds of bioactivities. However, there are immense barriers to their application as a result of their high molecular size, poor solubility, hydrocolloid nature, and low physiological activities. Unique polysaccharides, such as laminarin, alginate, fucoidan, agar, carrageenan, porphyran, ulvan, and other complex structural polysaccharides, can be digested by marine bacteria with many carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) by breaking down the limitation of glycosidic bonds. However, structural elucidation of algal polysaccharides, metabolic pathways, and identification of potential polysaccharide hydrolases that participate in different metabolic pathways remain major obstacles restricting the efficient utilization of algal oligosaccharides. This review focuses on the structure, hydrolase families, metabolic pathways, and potential applications of seven macroalgae polysaccharides. These results will contribute to progressing our understanding of the structure of algal polysaccharides and their metabolic pathways and will be valuable for clearing the way for the compelling utilization of bioactive oligosaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Li
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhixiao He
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, People's Republic of China
| | - Yumei Liang
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Peng
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhong Hu
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, People's Republic of China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511458, People's Republic of China
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41
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He XY, Liu NH, Lin CY, Sun ML, Chen XL, Zhang YZ, Zhang YQ, Zhang XY. Description of Aureibaculum luteum sp. nov. and Aureibaculum flavum sp. nov. isolated from Antarctic intertidal sediments. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2022; 115:391-405. [PMID: 35022928 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-021-01702-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Two Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, non-motile, and rod-shaped bacterial strains, designated SM1352T and A20T, were isolated from intertidal sediments collected from King George Island, Antarctic. They shared 99.8% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with each other and had the highest sequence similarity of 98.1% to type strain of Aureibaculum marinum but < 93.4% sequence similarity to those of other known bacterial species. The genomes of strains SM1352T and A20T consisted of 5,108,092 bp and 4,772,071 bp, respectively, with the G + C contents both being 32.0%. They respectively encoded 4360 (including 37 tRNAs and 6 rRNAs) and 4032 (including 36 tRNAs and 5 rRNAs) genes. In the phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA gene and single-copy orthologous clusters (OCs), both strains clustered with Aureibaculum marinum and together formed a separate branch within the family Flavobacteriaceae. The ANI and DDH values between the two strains and Aureibaculum marinum BH-SD17T were all below the thresholds for species delineation. The major cellular fatty acids (> 10%) of the two strains included iso-C15:0, iso-C15:1 G, iso-C17:0 3-OH. Their polar lipids predominantly included phosphatidylethanolamine, one unidentified aminophospholipid, one unidentified aminolipid, and two unidentified lipids. Genomic comparison revealed that both strains possessed much more glycoside hydrolases and sulfatase-rich polysaccharide utilization loci (PULs) than Aureibaculum marinum BH-SD17T. Based on the above polyphasic evidences, strains SM1352T and A20T represent two novel species within the genus Aureibaculum, for which the names Aureibaculum luteum sp. nov. and Aureibaculum flavum sp. nov. are proposed. The type strains are SM1352T (= CCTCC AB 2014243 T = JCM 30335 T) and A20T (= CCTCC AB 2020370 T = KCTC 82503 T), respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yan He
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Ning-Hua Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Chao-Yi Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Mei-Ling Sun
- College of Marine Life Sciences, and Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Xiu-Lan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Yu-Zhong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China
- College of Marine Life Sciences, and Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Yu-Qiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China.
| | - Xi-Ying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China.
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China.
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42
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Fournier GP, Parsons CW, Cutts EM, Tamre E. Standard Candles for Dating Microbial Lineages. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2569:41-74. [PMID: 36083443 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2691-7_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Molecular clock analyses are challenging for microbial phylogenies, due to a lack of fossil calibrations that can reliably provide absolute time constraints. An alternative source of temporal constraints for microbial groups is provided by the inheritance of proteins that are specific for the utilization of eukaryote-derived substrates, which have often been dispersed across the Tree of Life via horizontal gene transfer. In particular, animal, algal, and plant-derived substrates are often produced by groups with more precisely known divergence times, providing an older-bound on their availability within microbial environments. Therefore, these ages can serve as "standard candles" for dating microbial groups across the Tree of Life, expanding the reach of informative molecular clock investigations. Here, we formally develop the concept of substrate standard candles and describe how they can be propagated and applied using both microbial species trees and individual gene family phylogenies. We also provide detailed evaluations of several candidate standard candles and discuss their suitability in light of their often complex evolutionary and metabolic histories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory P Fournier
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Chris W Parsons
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Elise M Cutts
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Erik Tamre
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
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43
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Zeugner LE, Krüger K, Barrero-Canosa J, Amann RI, Fuchs BM. In situ visualization of glycoside hydrolase family 92 genes in marine flavobacteria. ISME COMMUNICATIONS 2021; 1:81. [PMID: 37938716 PMCID: PMC9723552 DOI: 10.1038/s43705-021-00082-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Gene clusters rich in carbohydrate-active enzymes within Flavobacteriia genera provide a competitiveness for their hosts to degrade diatom-derived polysaccharides. One such widely distributed polysaccharide is glucuronomannan, a main cell wall component of diatoms. A conserved gene cluster putatively degrading glucuronomannan was found previously among various flavobacterial taxa in marine metagenomes. Here, we aimed to visualize two glycoside hydrolase family 92 genes coding for α-mannosidases with fluorescently-labeled polynucleotide probes using direct-geneFISH. Reliable in situ localization of single-copy genes was achieved with an efficiency up to 74% not only in the flavobacterial strains Polaribacter Hel1_33_49 and Formosa Hel1_33_131 but also in planktonic samples from the North Sea. In combination with high-resolution microscopy, direct-geneFISH gave visual evidence of the contrasting lifestyles of closely related Polaribacter species in those samples and allowed for the determination of gene distribution among attached and free-living cells. We also detected highly similar GH92 genes in yet unidentified taxa by broadening probe specificities, enabling a visualization of the functional trait in subpopulations across the borders of species and genera. Such a quantitative insight into the niche separation of flavobacterial taxa complements our understanding of the ecology of polysaccharide-degrading bacteria beyond omics-based techniques on a single-cell level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura E Zeugner
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany
| | - Karen Krüger
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany
| | - Jimena Barrero-Canosa
- Technical University of Berlin, Institute of Environmental Technology, Environmental Microbiology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rudolf I Amann
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany
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44
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de Oliveira BFR, Lopes IR, Canellas ALB, Muricy G, Jackson SA, Dobson ADW, Laport MS. Genomic and in silico protein structural analyses provide insights into marine polysaccharide-degrading enzymes in the sponge-derived Pseudoalteromonas sp. PA2MD11. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 191:973-995. [PMID: 34555402 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.09.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Active heterotrophic metabolism is a critical metabolic role performed by sponge-associated microorganisms, but little is known about their capacity to metabolize marine polysaccharides (MPs). Here, we investigated the genome of the sponge-derived Pseudoalteromonas sp. strain PA2MD11 focusing on its macroalgal carbohydrate-degrading potential. Carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) for the depolymerization of agar and alginate were found in PA2MD11's genome, including glycoside hydrolases (GHs) and polysaccharide lyases (PLs) belonging to families GH16, GH50 and GH117, and PL6 and PL17, respectively. A gene potentially encoding a sulfatase was also identified, which may play a role in the strain's ability to consume carrageenans. The complete metabolism of agar and alginate by PA2MD11 could also be predicted and was consistent with the results obtained in physiological assays. The polysaccharide utilization locus (PUL) potentially involved in the metabolism of agarose contained mobile genetic elements from other marine Gammaproteobacteria and its unusual larger size might be due to gene duplication events. Homology modelling and structural protein analyses of the agarases, alginate lyases and sulfatase depicted clear conservation of catalytic machinery and protein folding together with suitable industrially-relevant features. Pseudoalteromonas sp. PA2MD11 is therefore a source of potential MP-degrading biocatalysts for biorefinery applications and in the preparation of pharmacologically-active oligosaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Francesco Rodrigues de Oliveira
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, Cidade Universitária, 21941-590 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; School of Microbiology, University College Cork, T12 Y960 Cork, Ireland
| | - Isabelle Rodrigues Lopes
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, Cidade Universitária, 21941-590 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Anna Luiza Bauer Canellas
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, Cidade Universitária, 21941-590 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Muricy
- Departamento de Invertebrados, Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Quinta da Boa Vista, s/n°, São Cristóvão, 20940-040 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Stephen Anthony Jackson
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, T12 Y960 Cork, Ireland; Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, T23 XE10 Cork, Ireland
| | - Alan D W Dobson
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, T12 Y960 Cork, Ireland; Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, T23 XE10 Cork, Ireland
| | - Marinella Silva Laport
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, Cidade Universitária, 21941-590 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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45
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Structural and biochemical basis of a marine bacterial glycoside hydrolase family 2 β-glycosidase with broad substrate specificity. Appl Environ Microbiol 2021; 88:e0222621. [PMID: 34818100 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02226-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Uronic acids are commonly found in marine polysaccharides and increase structural complexity sanand intrinsic recalcitrance to enzymatic attack. The glycoside hydrolase family 2 (GH2) include proteins that target sugar conjugates with hexuronates and are involved in the catabolism and cycling of marine polysaccharides. Here, we reported a novel GH2, AqGalA from a marine algae-associated Bacteroidetes with broad-substrate specificity. Biochemical analyses revealed that AqGalA exhibits hydrolyzing activities against β-galacturonide, β-glucuronide, and β-galactopyranoside via retaining mechanisms. We solved the AqGalA crystal structure in complex with galacturonic acid (GalA) and showed (via mutagenesis) that charge characteristics at uronate-binding subsites controlled substrate selectivity for uronide hydrolysis. Additionally, conformational flexibility of the AqGalA active site pocket was proposed as a key component for broad substrate enzyme selectivity. Our AqGalA structural and functional data augments the current understanding of substrate recognition of GH2 enzymes and provided key insights into the bacterial use of uronic acid containing polysaccharides. IMPORTANCE The decomposition of algal glycans driven by marine bacterial communities represents one of the largest heterotrophic transformation of organic matter fueling marine food webs and global carbon cycling. However, our knowledge of the carbohydrate cycling is limited due to structural complexity of marine polysaccharides and the complicated enzymatic machinery of marine microbes. To degrade algal glycan, marine bacteria such as members of Bacteroidetes produce a complex repertoire of carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) matching the structural specificity of the different carbohydrates. In this study, we investigated an extracellular GH2 β-glycosidase, AqGalA from a marine Bacteroidetes to identify the key components responsible for glycuronides recognition and hydrolysis. The broad substrate specificity of AqGalA against glycosides with diverse stereochemical substitutions indicates its potential in processing complex marine polysaccharides. Our findings promote a better understanding of microbially-driven mechanisms of marine carbohydrate cycling.
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46
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Brunet M, Le Duff N, Fuchs BM, Amann R, Barbeyron T, Thomas F. Specific detection and quantification of the marine flavobacterial genus Zobellia on macroalgae using novel qPCR and CARD-FISH assays. Syst Appl Microbiol 2021; 44:126269. [PMID: 34673434 DOI: 10.1016/j.syapm.2021.126269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The flavobacterial genus Zobellia is considered as a model to study macroalgal polysaccharide degradation. The lack of data regarding its prevalence and abundance in coastal habitats constitutes a bottleneck to assess its ecological strategies. To overcome this issue, real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) methods targeting the 16S rRNA gene were optimized to specifically detect and quantify Zobellia on the surface of diverse macroalgae. The newly designed qPCR primers and FISH probes targeted 98 and 100% of the Zobellia strains in silico and their specificity was confirmed using pure bacterial cultures. The dynamic range of the qPCR assay spanned 8 orders of magnitude from 10 to 108 16S rRNA gene copies and the detection limit was 0.01% relative abundance of Zobellia in environmental samples. Zobellia-16S rRNA gene copies were detected on all surveyed brown, green and red macroalgae, in proportion varying between 0.1 and 0.9% of the total bacterial copies. The absolute and relative abundance of Zobellia varied with tissue aging on the kelp Laminaria digitata. Zobellia cells were successfully visualized in Ulva lactuca and stranded Palmaria palmata surface biofilm using CARD-FISH, representing in the latter 105Zobellia cells·cm-2 and 0.43% of total bacterial cells. Overall, qPCR and CARD-FISH assays enabled robust detection, quantification and localization of Zobellia representatives in complex samples, underlining their ecological relevance as primary biomass degraders potentially cross-feeding other microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maéva Brunet
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Integrative Biology of Marine Models (LBI2M), Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR), 29680 Roscoff, France
| | - Nolwen Le Duff
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Integrative Biology of Marine Models (LBI2M), Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR), 29680 Roscoff, France
| | - Bernhard M Fuchs
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany
| | - Rudolf Amann
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany
| | - Tristan Barbeyron
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Integrative Biology of Marine Models (LBI2M), Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR), 29680 Roscoff, France
| | - François Thomas
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Integrative Biology of Marine Models (LBI2M), Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR), 29680 Roscoff, France.
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47
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Sichert A, Cordero OX. Polysaccharide-Bacteria Interactions From the Lens of Evolutionary Ecology. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:705082. [PMID: 34690949 PMCID: PMC8531407 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.705082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbes have the unique ability to break down the complex polysaccharides that make up the bulk of organic matter, initiating a cascade of events that leads to their recycling. Traditionally, the rate of organic matter degradation is perceived to be limited by the chemical and physical structure of polymers. Recent advances in microbial ecology, however, suggest that polysaccharide persistence can result from non-linear growth dynamics created by the coexistence of alternate degradation strategies, metabolic roles as well as by ecological interactions between microbes. This complex "landscape" of degradation strategies and interspecific interactions present in natural microbial communities appears to be far from evolutionarily stable, as frequent gene gain and loss reshape enzymatic repertoires and metabolic roles. In this perspective, we discuss six challenges at the heart of this problem, ranging from the evolution of genetic repertoires, phenotypic heterogeneity in clonal populations, the development of a trait-based ecology, and the impact of metabolic interactions and microbial cooperation on degradation rates. We aim to reframe some of the key questions in the study of polysaccharide-bacteria interactions in the context of eco-evolutionary dynamics, highlighting possible research directions that, if pursued, would advance our understanding of polysaccharide degraders at the interface between biochemistry, ecology and evolution.
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48
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McKee LS, La Rosa SL, Westereng B, Eijsink VG, Pope PB, Larsbrink J. Polysaccharide degradation by the Bacteroidetes: mechanisms and nomenclature. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2021; 13:559-581. [PMID: 34036727 DOI: 10.1111/1758-2229.12980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The Bacteroidetes phylum is renowned for its ability to degrade a wide range of complex carbohydrates, a trait that has enabled its dominance in many diverse environments. The best studied species inhabit the human gut microbiome and use polysaccharide utilization loci (PULs), discrete genetic structures that encode proteins involved in the sensing, binding, deconstruction, and import of target glycans. In many environmental species, polysaccharide degradation is tightly coupled to the phylum-exclusive type IX secretion system (T9SS), which is used for the secretion of certain enzymes and is linked to gliding motility. In addition, within specific species these two adaptive systems (PULs and T9SS) are intertwined, with PUL-encoded enzymes being secreted by the T9SS. Here, we discuss the most noteworthy PUL and non-PUL mechanisms that confer specific and rapid polysaccharide degradation capabilities to the Bacteroidetes in a range of environments. We also acknowledge that the literature showcasing examples of PULs is rapidly expanding and developing a set of assumptions that can be hard to track back to original findings. Therefore, we present a simple universal description of conserved PUL functions and how they are determined, while proposing a common nomenclature describing PULs and their components, to simplify discussion and understanding of PUL systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren S McKee
- Division of Glycoscience, Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, AlbaNova University Centre, Stockholm, 106 91, Sweden
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center, Stockholm, 100 44, Sweden
| | | | - Bjørge Westereng
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Vincent G Eijsink
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Phillip B Pope
- Faculty of Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Johan Larsbrink
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center, Stockholm, 100 44, Sweden
- Division of Industrial Biotechnology, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, 412 96, Sweden
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49
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Yin Y, Li M, Gu W, Zeng B, Liu W, Zhu L, Pi X, Primerano DA, Yu HD, Wei H, Yu G, Wang X. Carrageenan oligosaccharides and associated carrageenan-degrading bacteria induce intestinal inflammation in germ-free mice. J Genet Genomics 2021; 48:815-824. [PMID: 34400364 PMCID: PMC8628850 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2021.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Carrageenans (CGNs) are widely used in foods and pharmaceuticals although their safety remains controversial. To investigate the effects of CGNs and CGN-degrading bacteria in the human colon, we screened for CGN degradation by human fecal microbiota, and for inflammatory response to CGNs and/or CGN-degrading bacteria in germ free mice. Thin-layer chromatography indicated that high molecular weight (MW) CGNs (≥100 kDa) remained undegraded in the presence of human fecal microbiota, whereas low MW CGNs, i.e., κ-carrageenan oligosaccharides (KCO, ~4.5 kDa) were degraded when exposed to seven of eight human fecal samples, although sulfate groups were not removed during degradation. Bacteroides xylanisolvens and Escherichia coli isolates from fecal samples apparently degraded KCO synergistically, with B. xylanisolvens serving as the primary degrader. Combined treatment of KCO with KCO-degrading bacteria led to greater pro-inflammatory effects in the colon and rectum of germ-free mice than either KCO or bacteria alone. Similarly, p-p38-, CD3-, and CD79a-positive immune cells were more abundant in combined treatment group mice than in either single treatment group. Our study shows that KCO-degrading bacteria and the low MW products of KCO can promote proinflammatory effects in mice, and represent two key markers for evaluating CGN safety in foods or medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeshi Yin
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Food Research, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Miaomiao Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Weizhong Gu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310057, China
| | - Benhua Zeng
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Wei Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Food Research, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Liying Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Food Research, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Xionge Pi
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Food Research, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Donald A Primerano
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25701, United States
| | - Hongwei D Yu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25701, United States
| | - Hong Wei
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.
| | - Guangli Yu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China.
| | - Xin Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Food Research, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China.
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Kmezik C, Krska D, Mazurkewich S, Larsbrink J. Characterization of a novel multidomain CE15-GH8 enzyme encoded by a polysaccharide utilization locus in the human gut bacterium Bacteroides eggerthii. Sci Rep 2021; 11:17662. [PMID: 34480044 PMCID: PMC8417218 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-96659-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteroidetes are efficient degraders of complex carbohydrates, much thanks to their use of polysaccharide utilization loci (PULs). An integral part of PULs are highly specialized carbohydrate-active enzymes, sometimes composed of multiple linked domains with discrete functions—multicatalytic enzymes. We present the biochemical characterization of a multicatalytic enzyme from a large PUL encoded by the gut bacterium Bacteroides eggerthii. The enzyme, BeCE15A-Rex8A, has a rare and novel architecture, with an N-terminal carbohydrate esterase family 15 (CE15) domain and a C-terminal glycoside hydrolase family 8 (GH8) domain. The CE15 domain was identified as a glucuronoyl esterase (GE), though with relatively poor activity on GE model substrates, attributed to key amino acid substitutions in the active site compared to previously studied GEs. The GH8 domain was shown to be a reducing-end xylose-releasing exo-oligoxylanase (Rex), based on having activity on xylooligosaccharides but not on longer xylan chains. The full-length BeCE15A-Rex8A enzyme and the Rex domain were capable of boosting the activity of a commercially available GH11 xylanase on corn cob biomass. Our research adds to the understanding of multicatalytic enzyme architectures and showcases the potential of discovering novel and atypical carbohydrate-active enzymes from mining PULs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cathleen Kmezik
- Division of Industrial Biotechnology, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Daniel Krska
- Division of Industrial Biotechnology, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Scott Mazurkewich
- Division of Industrial Biotechnology, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Wallenberg Wood Science Center, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Johan Larsbrink
- Division of Industrial Biotechnology, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden. .,Wallenberg Wood Science Center, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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