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Shields AF, Chen DL. Positron Emission Tomography Imaging of Tumor Proliferation and DNA Repair. Cancer J 2024; 30:170-175. [PMID: 38753751 DOI: 10.1097/ppo.0000000000000724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Positron emission tomography (PET) is an established tool for molecular imaging of cancers, and its role in diagnosis, staging, and phenotyping continues to evolve and expand rapidly. PET imaging of increased glucose utilization with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose is now entrenched in clinical oncology practice for improving prognostication and treatment response assessment. Additional critical processes for cancer cell survival can also be imaged by PET, helping to inform individualized treatment selections for patients by improving our understanding of cell survival mechanisms and identifying relevant active mechanisms in each patient. The critical importance of quantifying cell proliferation and DNA repair pathways for prognosis and treatment selection is highlighted by the nearly ubiquitous use of the Ki-67 index, an established histological quantitative measure of cell proliferation, and BRCA mutation testing for treatment selection. This review focuses on PET advances in imaging and quantifying cell proliferation and poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase expression that can be used to complement cancer phenotyping approaches that will identify the most effective treatments for each individual patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony F Shields
- From the Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI
| | - Delphine L Chen
- University of Washington, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA
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Zhou M, Ren JX, Feng XT, Zhao HY, Fu XP, Min QQ, Zhang X. Late-stage gem-difluoroallylation of phenol in bioactive molecules and peptides with 3,3-difluoroallyl sulfonium salts. Chem Sci 2024; 15:2937-2945. [PMID: 38404383 PMCID: PMC10882445 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc06302j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
An efficient method for the late-stage selective O-fluoroalkylation of tyrosine residues with a stable yet highly reactive fluoroalkylating reagent, 3,3-difluoroallyl sulfonium salts (DFASs), has been developed. The reaction proceeds in a mild basic aqueous buffer (pH = 11.6) with high efficiency, high biocompatibility, and excellent regio- and chemoselectivity. Various oligopeptides and phenol-containing bioactive molecules, including carbohydrates and nucleosides, could be selectively O-fluoroalkylated. The added vinyl and other functional groups from DFASs can be valuable linkers for successive modification, significantly expanding the chemical space for further bioconjugation. The synthetic utility of this protocol has been demonstrated by the fluorescently labeled anti-cancer drug and the synthesis of O-link type 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-N,N',N,N'-tetraacetic acid-tyrosine3-octreotate (DOTA-TATE), showing the prospect of the method in medicinal chemistry and chemical biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minqi Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Henan Institute of Advanced Technology, Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450001 China
| | - Jin-Xiu Ren
- Key Laboratory of Fluorine and Nitrogen Chemistry and Advanced Materials (Chinese Academy of Sciences), Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Xiao-Tian Feng
- College of Chemistry and Henan Institute of Advanced Technology, Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450001 China
| | - Hai-Yang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Fluorine and Nitrogen Chemistry and Advanced Materials (Chinese Academy of Sciences), Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Xia-Ping Fu
- Key Laboratory of Fluorine and Nitrogen Chemistry and Advanced Materials (Chinese Academy of Sciences), Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Qiao-Qiao Min
- Key Laboratory of Fluorine and Nitrogen Chemistry and Advanced Materials (Chinese Academy of Sciences), Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Xingang Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Henan Institute of Advanced Technology, Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450001 China
- Key Laboratory of Fluorine and Nitrogen Chemistry and Advanced Materials (Chinese Academy of Sciences), Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
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Marcazzan S, Braz Carvalho MJ, Nguyen NT, Strangmann J, Slotta-Huspenina J, Tenditnaya A, Tschurtschenthaler M, Rieder J, Proaño-Vasco A, Ntziachristos V, Steiger K, Gorpas D, Quante M, Kossatz S. PARP1-targeted fluorescence molecular endoscopy as novel tool for early detection of esophageal dysplasia and adenocarcinoma. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2024; 43:53. [PMID: 38383387 PMCID: PMC10880256 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-024-02963-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Esophageal cancer is one of the 10 most common cancers worldwide and its incidence is dramatically increasing. Despite some improvements, the current surveillance protocol with white light endoscopy and random untargeted biopsies collection (Seattle protocol) fails to diagnose dysplastic and cancerous lesions in up to 50% of patients. Therefore, new endoscopic imaging technologies in combination with tumor-specific molecular probes are needed to improve early detection. Herein, we investigated the use of the fluorescent Poly (ADP-ribose) Polymerase 1 (PARP1)-inhibitor PARPi-FL for early detection of dysplastic lesions in patient-derived organoids and transgenic mouse models, which closely mimic the transformation from non-malignant Barrett's Esophagus (BE) to invasive esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). METHODS We determined PARP1 expression via immunohistochemistry (IHC) in human biospecimens and mouse tissues. We also assessed PARPi-FL uptake in patient- and mouse-derived organoids. Following intravenous injection of 75 nmol PARPi-FL/mouse in L2-IL1B (n = 4) and L2-IL1B/IL8Tg mice (n = 12), we conducted fluorescence molecular endoscopy (FME) and/or imaged whole excised stomachs to assess PARPi-FL accumulation in dysplastic lesions. L2-IL1B/IL8Tg mice (n = 3) and wild-type (WT) mice (n = 2) without PARPi-FL injection served as controls. The imaging results were validated by confocal microscopy and IHC of excised tissues. RESULTS IHC on patient and murine tissue revealed similar patterns of increasing PARP1 expression in presence of dysplasia and cancer. In human and murine organoids, PARPi-FL localized to PARP1-expressing epithelial cell nuclei after 10 min of incubation. Injection of PARPi-FL in transgenic mouse models of BE resulted in the successful detection of lesions via FME, with a mean target-to-background ratio > 2 independently from the disease stage. The localization of PARPi-FL in the lesions was confirmed by imaging of the excised stomachs and confocal microscopy. Without PARPi-FL injection, identification of lesions via FME in transgenic mice was not possible. CONCLUSION PARPi-FL imaging is a promising approach for clinically needed improved detection of dysplastic and malignant EAC lesions in patients with BE. Since PARPi-FL is currently evaluated in a phase 2 clinical trial for oral cancer detection after topical application, clinical translation for early detection of dysplasia and EAC in BE patients via FME screening appears feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Marcazzan
- II. Medizinische Klinik, TUM School of Medicine and Health, Klinikum Rechts der Isar at Technical University of Munich, Munich, 81675, Germany
- Institute of Biological and Medical Imaging, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany and Chair of Biological Imaging at the Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), TUM School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, 81675, Germany
- Clinical Radiology, Medical School OWL, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, 33615, Germany
| | - Marcos J Braz Carvalho
- II. Medizinische Klinik, TUM School of Medicine and Health, Klinikum Rechts der Isar at Technical University of Munich, Munich, 81675, Germany
| | - Nghia T Nguyen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, TUM School of Medicine and Health, Klinikum Rechts der Isar at Technical University of Munich, Munich, 81675, Germany
- Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), TUM School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, 81675, Germany
| | - Julia Strangmann
- Department of Medicine II (Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, and Infectious Diseases), Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, 79106, Germany
| | - Julia Slotta-Huspenina
- Institute of Pathology, TUM School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, 81675, Germany
| | - Anna Tenditnaya
- Institute of Biological and Medical Imaging, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany and Chair of Biological Imaging at the Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), TUM School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, 81675, Germany
| | - Markus Tschurtschenthaler
- Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), TUM School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, 81675, Germany
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
- Chair of Translational Cancer Research and Institute of Experimental Cancer Therapy, TUM School of Medicine and Health, Klinikum rechts der Isar at Technical University of Munich, Munich, 81675, Germany
| | - Jonas Rieder
- Department of Medicine II (Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, and Infectious Diseases), Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, 79106, Germany
| | - Andrea Proaño-Vasco
- Department of Medicine II (Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, and Infectious Diseases), Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, 79106, Germany
| | - Vasilis Ntziachristos
- Institute of Biological and Medical Imaging, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany and Chair of Biological Imaging at the Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), TUM School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, 81675, Germany
| | - Katja Steiger
- Institute of Pathology, TUM School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, 81675, Germany
- Comparative Experimental Pathology (CEP) and IBioTUM tissue biobank, TUM School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, München, 81675, Germany
| | - Dimitris Gorpas
- Institute of Biological and Medical Imaging, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany and Chair of Biological Imaging at the Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), TUM School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, 81675, Germany
| | - Michael Quante
- Department of Medicine II (Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, and Infectious Diseases), Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, 79106, Germany.
| | - Susanne Kossatz
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, TUM School of Medicine and Health, Klinikum Rechts der Isar at Technical University of Munich, Munich, 81675, Germany.
- Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), TUM School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, 81675, Germany.
- Department of Chemistry, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Munich, 85748, Germany.
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Tan Y, Song Q. Bibliometric analysis of research trends on the combination of immune checkpoint inhibitors and PARP inhibitors in solid tumors. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24452. [PMID: 38293546 PMCID: PMC10826821 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has made significant achievements in the therapeutics of various tumor types, and recently growing evidence from preclinical studies and clinical trials has indicated that poly-ADP-ribose polymerase inhibitors (PARPi) are exhibiting encouraging synergism with ICIs. The aim of our current study is to explore the development pattern of literature related to the combined therapy of ICIs and PARPi in solid tumors from a bibliometric perspective. Methods Publications concerning the combination of ICIs and PARPi in solid tumors during 2008-2022 were extracted from the WOSCC database. VOSviewer and R-bibliometrix were applied to conduct bibliometrics. Results In total, 1113 articles were finally included. The USA was the most dominant country, and University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center was the most fruitful institute. Andreas Schneeweiss ranked first concerning the amount of publications in this research domain, and Timothy Yap had the most citations on this theme. The analysis of keyword co-occurrence indicated that research frontiers were shifted from the biological mechanisms of cell death to the combined strategy of ICIs and PARPi in clinical trials. Conclusions Our study comprehensively examined the publications on the combination of ICIs and PARPi in solid tumors from a bibliometric perspective. The research on this topic is in its rapid growth stage, and the USA is possessing an absolutely leading position in this field by its scientific accumulations and productivity. Moreover, the research frontiers have shifted from the mechanisms of ICIs and PARPi to their combined treatment in clinical application. In summary, our results demonstrated a comprehensive overview of the knowledge atlas and a valuable reference for the future investigations in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqian Tan
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qi Song
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Pan S, Ding A, Li Y, Sun Y, Zhan Y, Ye Z, Song N, Peng B, Li L, Huang W, Shao H. Small-molecule probes from bench to bedside: advancing molecular analysis of drug-target interactions toward precision medicine. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:5706-5743. [PMID: 37525607 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00056g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decade, remarkable advances have been witnessed in the development of small-molecule probes. These molecular tools have been widely applied for interrogating proteins, pathways and drug-target interactions in preclinical research. While novel structures and designs are commonly explored in probe development, the clinical translation of small-molecule probes remains limited, primarily due to safety and regulatory considerations. Recent synergistic developments - interfacing novel chemical probes with complementary analytical technologies - have introduced and expedited diverse biomedical opportunities to molecularly characterize targeted drug interactions directly in the human body or through accessible clinical specimens (e.g., blood and ascites fluid). These integrated developments thus offer unprecedented opportunities for drug development, disease diagnostics and treatment monitoring. In this review, we discuss recent advances in the structure and design of small-molecule probes with novel functionalities and the integrated development with imaging, proteomics and other emerging technologies. We further highlight recent applications of integrated small-molecule technologies for the molecular analysis of drug-target interactions, including translational applications and emerging opportunities for whole-body imaging, tissue-based measurement and blood-based analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijun Pan
- The Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE, Future Technologies), Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
| | - Aixiang Ding
- The Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE, Future Technologies), Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
| | - Yisi Li
- The Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE, Future Technologies), Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
| | - Yaxin Sun
- The Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE, Future Technologies), Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
| | - Yueqin Zhan
- The Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE, Future Technologies), Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
| | - Zhenkun Ye
- The Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE, Future Technologies), Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
| | - Ning Song
- The Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE, Future Technologies), Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
| | - Bo Peng
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Lin Li
- The Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE, Future Technologies), Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
| | - Wei Huang
- The Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE, Future Technologies), Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Huilin Shao
- Institute for Health Innovation & Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Design and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
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Chen B, Ojha DP, Toyonaga T, Tong J, Pracitto R, Thomas MA, Liu M, Kapinos M, Zhang L, Zheng MQ, Holden D, Fowles K, Ropchan J, Nabulsi N, De Feyter H, Carson RE, Huang Y, Cai Z. Preclinical evaluation of a brain penetrant PARP PET imaging probe in rat glioblastoma and nonhuman primates. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2023; 50:2081-2099. [PMID: 36849748 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-023-06162-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Currently, there are multiple active clinical trials involving poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors in the treatment of glioblastoma. The noninvasive quantification of baseline PARP expression using positron emission tomography (PET) may provide prognostic information and lead to more precise treatment. Due to the lack of brain-penetrant PARP imaging agents, the reliable and accurate in vivo quantification of PARP in the brain remains elusive. Herein, we report the synthesis of a brain-penetrant PARP PET tracer, (R)-2-(2-methyl-1-(methyl-11C)pyrrolidin-2-yl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole-4-carboxamide ([11C]PyBic), and its preclinical evaluations in a syngeneic RG2 rat glioblastoma model and healthy nonhuman primates. METHODS We synthesized [11C]PyBic using veliparib as the labeling precursor, performed dynamic PET scans on RG2 tumor-bearing rats and calculated the distribution volume ratio (DVR) using simplified reference region method 2 (SRTM2) with the contralateral nontumor brain region as the reference region. We performed biodistribution studies, western blot, and immunostaining studies to validate the in vivo PET quantification results. We characterized the brain kinetics and binding specificity of [11C]PyBic in nonhuman primates on FOCUS220 scanner and calculated the volume of distribution (VT), nondisplaceable volume of distribution (VND), and nondisplaceable binding potential (BPND) in selected brain regions. RESULTS [11C]PyBic was synthesized efficiently in one step, with greater than 97% radiochemical and chemical purity and molar activity of 148 ± 85 MBq/nmol (n = 6). [11C]PyBic demonstrated PARP-specific binding in RG2 tumors, with 74% of tracer binding in tumors blocked by preinjected veliparib (i.v., 5 mg/kg). The in vivo PET imaging results were corroborated by ex vivo biodistribution, PARP1 immunohistochemistry and immunoblotting data. Furthermore, brain penetration of [11C]PyBic was confirmed by quantitative monkey brain PET, which showed high specific uptake (BPND > 3) and low nonspecific uptake (VND < 3 mL/cm3) in the monkey brain. CONCLUSION [11C]PyBic is the first brain-penetrant PARP PET tracer validated in a rat glioblastoma model and healthy nonhuman primates. The brain kinetics of [11C]PyBic are suitable for noninvasive quantification of available PARP binding in the brain, which posits [11C]PyBic to have broad applications in oncology and neuroimaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baosheng Chen
- Yale PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, 801 Howard Avenue, PO Box 208048, New Haven, CT, 06520-8048, USA
| | - Devi Prasan Ojha
- Yale PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, 801 Howard Avenue, PO Box 208048, New Haven, CT, 06520-8048, USA
| | - Takuya Toyonaga
- Yale PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, 801 Howard Avenue, PO Box 208048, New Haven, CT, 06520-8048, USA
| | - Jie Tong
- Yale PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, 801 Howard Avenue, PO Box 208048, New Haven, CT, 06520-8048, USA
| | - Richard Pracitto
- Yale PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, 801 Howard Avenue, PO Box 208048, New Haven, CT, 06520-8048, USA
| | - Monique A Thomas
- Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Michael Liu
- Yale PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, 801 Howard Avenue, PO Box 208048, New Haven, CT, 06520-8048, USA
| | - Michael Kapinos
- Yale PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, 801 Howard Avenue, PO Box 208048, New Haven, CT, 06520-8048, USA
| | - Li Zhang
- Yale PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, 801 Howard Avenue, PO Box 208048, New Haven, CT, 06520-8048, USA
| | - Ming-Qiang Zheng
- Yale PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, 801 Howard Avenue, PO Box 208048, New Haven, CT, 06520-8048, USA
| | - Daniel Holden
- Yale PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, 801 Howard Avenue, PO Box 208048, New Haven, CT, 06520-8048, USA
| | - Krista Fowles
- Yale PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, 801 Howard Avenue, PO Box 208048, New Haven, CT, 06520-8048, USA
| | - Jim Ropchan
- Yale PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, 801 Howard Avenue, PO Box 208048, New Haven, CT, 06520-8048, USA
| | - Nabeel Nabulsi
- Yale PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, 801 Howard Avenue, PO Box 208048, New Haven, CT, 06520-8048, USA
| | - Henk De Feyter
- Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Richard E Carson
- Yale PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, 801 Howard Avenue, PO Box 208048, New Haven, CT, 06520-8048, USA
| | - Yiyun Huang
- Yale PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, 801 Howard Avenue, PO Box 208048, New Haven, CT, 06520-8048, USA
| | - Zhengxin Cai
- Yale PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, 801 Howard Avenue, PO Box 208048, New Haven, CT, 06520-8048, USA.
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Schwenck J, Sonanini D, Cotton JM, Rammensee HG, la Fougère C, Zender L, Pichler BJ. Advances in PET imaging of cancer. Nat Rev Cancer 2023:10.1038/s41568-023-00576-4. [PMID: 37258875 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-023-00576-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Molecular imaging has experienced enormous advancements in the areas of imaging technology, imaging probe and contrast development, and data quality, as well as machine learning-based data analysis. Positron emission tomography (PET) and its combination with computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as a multimodality PET-CT or PET-MRI system offer a wealth of molecular, functional and morphological data with a single patient scan. Despite the recent technical advances and the availability of dozens of disease-specific contrast and imaging probes, only a few parameters, such as tumour size or the mean tracer uptake, are used for the evaluation of images in clinical practice. Multiparametric in vivo imaging data not only are highly quantitative but also can provide invaluable information about pathophysiology, receptor expression, metabolism, or morphological and functional features of tumours, such as pH, oxygenation or tissue density, as well as pharmacodynamic properties of drugs, to measure drug response with a contrast agent. It can further quantitatively map and spatially resolve the intertumoural and intratumoural heterogeneity, providing insights into tumour vulnerabilities for target-specific therapeutic interventions. Failure to exploit and integrate the full potential of such powerful imaging data may lead to a lost opportunity in which patients do not receive the best possible care. With the desire to implement personalized medicine in the cancer clinic, the full comprehensive diagnostic power of multiplexed imaging should be utilized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Schwenck
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Nuclear Medicine and Clinical Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) 'Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumour Therapies', Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Dominik Sonanini
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Medical Oncology and Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jonathan M Cotton
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) 'Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumour Therapies', Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Hans-Georg Rammensee
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) 'Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumour Therapies', Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Immunology, IFIZ Institute for Cell Biology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center, German Cancer Consortium DKTK, Partner Site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christian la Fougère
- Nuclear Medicine and Clinical Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) 'Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumour Therapies', Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center, German Cancer Consortium DKTK, Partner Site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Lars Zender
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) 'Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumour Therapies', Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
- Medical Oncology and Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center, German Cancer Consortium DKTK, Partner Site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Bernd J Pichler
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) 'Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumour Therapies', Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany.
- German Cancer Research Center, German Cancer Consortium DKTK, Partner Site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
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Demétrio de Souza França P, Viray T, Roberts S, Michel A, Abrahão M, Patel SG, Ganly I, Schöder H, Brand C, Reiner T, Pillarsetty NVK. Polyethylene Glycol 3350 (PEG 3350) as a Practical Vehicle for Rapid Reconstitution of PARPi-FL Formulations for Clinical Use. Mol Imaging Biol 2023; 25:294-302. [PMID: 35882728 PMCID: PMC11225571 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-022-01756-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
PARPi-FL is a molecularly specific fluorescent agent that targets poly ADP-ribose polymerase 1, a DNA repair enzyme overexpressed in the nuclei of tumor cells. This imaging agent is being investigated in a clinical trial (NCT03085147) for the detection of oral cancer. The PARPi-FL mouthwash formulation currently being used in the phase I/II clinical trial comprises 1,000 nM of PARPi-FL dissolved first in 4.5 ml of polyethylene glycol (PEG) 300 and then in 9.5 ml of water. This formulation requires a 2-step process that can be cumbersome for routine clinical use. To minimize errors and simplify the formulation process, we have developed a new one-step formulation, which requires only the direct addition of water into a vial containing a mixture of the PARPi-FL and PEG 3350, which is also a powder. In a series of analytical and preclinical studies, we demonstrate that the new formulation of PARPi-FL is stable over 365 days, sustains its characteristics, and performs similar to the previous formulation. Moving forward, the new formulation of the PARPi-FL will be used for patients accrued in the phase II clinical trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Demétrio de Souza França
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Tara Viray
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sheryl Roberts
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alexa Michel
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Marcio Abrahão
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Snehal G Patel
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ian Ganly
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Heiko Schöder
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Thomas Reiner
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Naga Vara Kishore Pillarsetty
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.
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9
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Concannon K, Morris BB, Gay CM, Byers LA. Combining targeted DNA repair inhibition and immune-oncology approaches for enhanced tumor control. Mol Cell 2023; 83:660-680. [PMID: 36669489 PMCID: PMC9992136 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2022.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Targeted therapy and immunotherapy have revolutionized cancer treatment. However, the ability of cancer to evade the immune system remains a major barrier for effective treatment. Related to this, several targeted DNA-damage response inhibitors (DDRis) are being tested in the clinic and have been shown to potentiate anti-tumor immune responses. Seminal studies have shown that these agents are highly effective in a pan-cancer class of tumors with genetic defects in key DNA repair genes such as BRCA1/2, BRCA-related genes, ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM), and others. Here, we review the molecular consequences of targeted DDR inhibition, from tumor cell death to increased engagement of the anti-tumor immune response. Additionally, we discuss mechanistic and clinical rationale for pairing targeted DDRis with immunotherapy for enhanced tumor control. We also review biomarkers for patient selection and promising new immunotherapy approaches poised to form the foundation of next-generation DDRi and immunotherapy combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle Concannon
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Benjamin B Morris
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Carl M Gay
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Lauren A Byers
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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10
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Brabson JP, Leesang T, Yap YS, Wang J, Lam MQ, Fang B, Dolgalev I, Barbieri DA, Strippoli V, Bañuelos CP, Mohammad S, Lyon P, Chaudhry S, Donich D, Swirski A, Roberts E, Diaz I, Karl D, Dos Santos HG, Shiekhattar R, Neel BG, Nimer SD, Verdun RE, Bilbao D, Figueroa ME, Cimmino L. Oxidized mC modulates synthetic lethality to PARP inhibitors for the treatment of leukemia. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112027. [PMID: 36848231 PMCID: PMC9989506 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
TET2 haploinsufficiency is a driving event in myeloid cancers and is associated with a worse prognosis in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Enhancing residual TET2 activity using vitamin C increases oxidized 5-methylcytosine (mC) formation and promotes active DNA demethylation via base excision repair (BER), which slows leukemia progression. We utilize genetic and compound library screening approaches to identify rational combination treatment strategies to improve use of vitamin C as an adjuvant therapy for AML. In addition to increasing the efficacy of several US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drugs, vitamin C treatment with poly-ADP-ribosyl polymerase inhibitors (PARPis) elicits a strong synergistic effect to block AML self-renewal in murine and human AML models. Vitamin-C-mediated TET activation combined with PARPis causes enrichment of chromatin-bound PARP1 at oxidized mCs and γH2AX accumulation during mid-S phase, leading to cell cycle stalling and differentiation. Given that most AML subtypes maintain residual TET2 expression, vitamin C could elicit broad efficacy as a PARPi therapeutic adjuvant.
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Affiliation(s)
- John P Brabson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA; Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Tiffany Leesang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA; Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Yoon Sing Yap
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA; Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Jingjing Wang
- Department of Pathology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Minh Q Lam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA; Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Byron Fang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA; Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Igor Dolgalev
- Department of Pathology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Daniela A Barbieri
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA; Department of Human Genetics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Victoria Strippoli
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA; Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Carolina P Bañuelos
- Department of Medicine, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Sofia Mohammad
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA; Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Peter Lyon
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Sana Chaudhry
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Dane Donich
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA; Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Anna Swirski
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA; Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Evan Roberts
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Ivelisse Diaz
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Daniel Karl
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA; Department of Medicine, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Helena Gomes Dos Santos
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA; Department of Human Genetics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Ramin Shiekhattar
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA; Department of Human Genetics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Benjamin G Neel
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center and Helen L. and Martin S. Kimmel Center for Stem Cell Biology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Stephen D Nimer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA; Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA; Department of Medicine, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Ramiro E Verdun
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA; Department of Medicine, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Daniel Bilbao
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Maria E Figueroa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA; Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA; Department of Human Genetics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Luisa Cimmino
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA; Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
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11
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Park H, Tseng SC, Sholl LM, Hatabu H, Awad MM, Nishino M. Molecular Characterization and Therapeutic Approaches to Small Cell Lung Cancer: Imaging Implications. Radiology 2022; 305:512-525. [PMID: 36283111 PMCID: PMC9713457 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.220585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a highly aggressive malignancy with exceptionally poor prognosis, comprising approximately 15% of lung cancers. Emerging knowledge of the molecular and genomic landscape of SCLC and recent successful clinical applications of new systemic agents have allowed for precision oncology treatment approaches. Imaging is essential for the diagnosis, staging, and treatment monitoring of patients with SCLC. The role of imaging is increasing with the approval of new treatment agents, including immune checkpoint inhibitors, which lead to novel imaging manifestations of response and toxicities. The purpose of this state-of-the-art review is to provide the reader with the latest information about SCLC, focusing on the subtyping of this malignancy (molecular characterization) and the emerging systemic therapeutic approaches and their implications for imaging. The review will also discuss the future directions of SCLC imaging, radiomics and machine learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyesun Park
- From the Departments of Radiology (H.P., S.C.T., H.H., M.N.),
Pathology (L.M.S.), Medical Oncology (M.M.A.), and Medicine (M.M.A.),
Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Brigham and Women's Hospital, 450
Brookline Ave, Boston, MA 02215
| | | | - Lynette M. Sholl
- From the Departments of Radiology (H.P., S.C.T., H.H., M.N.),
Pathology (L.M.S.), Medical Oncology (M.M.A.), and Medicine (M.M.A.),
Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Brigham and Women's Hospital, 450
Brookline Ave, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Hiroto Hatabu
- From the Departments of Radiology (H.P., S.C.T., H.H., M.N.),
Pathology (L.M.S.), Medical Oncology (M.M.A.), and Medicine (M.M.A.),
Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Brigham and Women's Hospital, 450
Brookline Ave, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Mark M. Awad
- From the Departments of Radiology (H.P., S.C.T., H.H., M.N.),
Pathology (L.M.S.), Medical Oncology (M.M.A.), and Medicine (M.M.A.),
Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Brigham and Women's Hospital, 450
Brookline Ave, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Mizuki Nishino
- From the Departments of Radiology (H.P., S.C.T., H.H., M.N.),
Pathology (L.M.S.), Medical Oncology (M.M.A.), and Medicine (M.M.A.),
Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Brigham and Women's Hospital, 450
Brookline Ave, Boston, MA 02215
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12
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Pulmonary cancers across different histotypes share hybrid tuft cell/ionocyte-like molecular features and potentially druggable vulnerabilities. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:979. [PMID: 36402755 PMCID: PMC9675833 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05428-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Tuft cells are chemosensory epithelial cells in the respiratory tract and several other organs. Recent studies revealed tuft cell-like gene expression signatures in some pulmonary adenocarcinomas, squamous cell carcinomas (SQCC), small cell carcinomas (SCLC), and large cell neuroendocrine carcinomas (LCNEC). Identification of their similarities could inform shared druggable vulnerabilities. Clinicopathological features of tuft cell-like (tcl) subsets in various lung cancer histotypes were studied in two independent tumor cohorts using immunohistochemistry (n = 674 and 70). Findings were confirmed, and additional characteristics were explored using public datasets (RNA seq and immunohistochemical data) (n = 555). Drug susceptibilities of tuft cell-like SCLC cell lines were also investigated. By immunohistochemistry, 10-20% of SCLC and LCNEC, and approximately 2% of SQCC expressed POU2F3, the master regulator of tuft cells. These tuft cell-like tumors exhibited "lineage ambiguity" as they co-expressed NCAM1, a marker for neuroendocrine differentiation, and KRT5, a marker for squamous differentiation. In addition, tuft cell-like tumors co-expressed BCL2 and KIT, and tuft cell-like SCLC and LCNEC, but not SQCC, also highly expressed MYC. Data from public datasets confirmed these features and revealed that tuft cell-like SCLC and LCNEC co-clustered on hierarchical clustering. Furthermore, only tuft cell-like subsets among pulmonary cancers significantly expressed FOXI1, the master regulator of ionocytes, suggesting their bidirectional but immature differentiation status. Clinically, tuft cell-like SCLC and LCNEC had a similar prognosis. Experimentally, tuft cell-like SCLC cell lines were susceptible to PARP and BCL2 co-inhibition, indicating synergistic effects. Taken together, pulmonary tuft cell-like cancers maintain histotype-related clinicopathologic characteristics despite overlapping unique molecular features. From a therapeutic perspective, identification of tuft cell-like LCNECs might be crucial given their close kinship with tuft cell-like SCLC.
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13
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Soni A, Lin X, Mladenov E, Mladenova V, Stuschke M, Iliakis G. BMN673 Is a PARP Inhibitor with Unique Radiosensitizing Properties: Mechanisms and Potential in Radiation Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14225619. [PMID: 36428712 PMCID: PMC9688666 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14225619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BMN673 is a relatively new PARP inhibitor (PARPi) that exhibits superior efficacy in vitro compared to olaparib and other clinically relevant PARPi. BMN673, similar to most clinical PARPi, inhibits the catalytic activities of PARP-1 and PARP-2 and shows impressive anticancer potential as monotherapy in several pre-clinical and clinical studies. Tumor resistance to PARPi poses a significant challenge in the clinic. Thus, combining PARPi with other treatment modalities, such as radiotherapy (RT), is being actively pursued to overcome such resistance. However, the modest to intermediate radiosensitization exerted by olaparib, rucaparib, and veliparib, limits the rationale and the scope of such combinations. The recently reported strong radiosensitizing potential of BMN673 forecasts a paradigm shift on this front. Evidence accumulates that BMN673 may radiosensitize via unique mechanisms causing profound shifts in the balance among DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair pathways. According to one of the emerging models, BMN673 strongly inhibits classical non-homologous end-joining (c-NHEJ) and increases reciprocally and profoundly DSB end-resection, enhancing error-prone DSB processing that robustly potentiates cell killing. In this review, we outline and summarize the work that helped to formulate this model of BMN673 action on DSB repair, analyze the causes of radiosensitization and discuss its potential as a radiosensitizer in the clinic. Finally, we highlight strategies for combining BMN673 with other inhibitors of DNA damage response for further improvements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aashish Soni
- Division of Experimental Radiation Biology, Department of Radiation Therapy, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
- Institute of Medical Radiation Biology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Xixi Lin
- Division of Experimental Radiation Biology, Department of Radiation Therapy, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
- Institute of Medical Radiation Biology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Emil Mladenov
- Division of Experimental Radiation Biology, Department of Radiation Therapy, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
- Institute of Medical Radiation Biology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Veronika Mladenova
- Division of Experimental Radiation Biology, Department of Radiation Therapy, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
- Institute of Medical Radiation Biology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Martin Stuschke
- Division of Experimental Radiation Biology, Department of Radiation Therapy, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site University Hospital Essen, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - George Iliakis
- Division of Experimental Radiation Biology, Department of Radiation Therapy, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
- Institute of Medical Radiation Biology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-201-723-4152
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14
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Xu J, Chen H, Rogers BE, Katzenellenbogen JA, Zhou D. Solid phase radiosynthesis of an olaparib derivative using 4-[ 18F] fluorobenzoic acid and in vivo evaluation in breast and prostate cancer xenograft models for PARP-1 expression. Nucl Med Biol 2022; 114-115:65-70. [PMID: 36193598 PMCID: PMC10061341 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2022.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Solid-phase synthesis and conjugation reactions of acids and amines using coupling reagents are common in organic synthesis, but rare in 18F radiochemistry. 4-[18F]Fluorobenzoic acid (FBA) is a useful building block, but is seldom used directly with coupling reagents for the preparation of 18F radiopharmaceuticals. To overcome the inconveniences associated with using [18F]FBA in conjugation reactions, we have developed a non-covalent solid-phase synthesis (SPS) strategy for the radiosynthesis of [18F]PARPi, a derivative of olaparib as a Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) radioligand. METHODS Fluoro-, bromo- and iodo-benzoic derivatives of olaparib were synthesized, and their PARP-1 affinities were measured using a recently developed cell culture-based competitive assay. To produce [18F]PARPi, [18F]FBA was radiosynthesized and purified using a cation-exchange cartridge, and then trapped by an anion-exchange resin cartridge, on which the solid-phase radiosynthesis was carried out to produce the desired product. [18F]PARPi was evaluated in vivo in breast and prostate xenograft tumor models by microPET imaging, biodistribution and autoradiography. RESULTS The best derivatives of olaparib were identified as compound 4, 7 and 8. [18F]4 ([18F]PARPi) was radiosynthesized in high radiochemical yield, high molar activity and high radiochemical purity using this SPS strategy. The in vivo evaluation of [18F]PARPi demonstrates the PARP-1 specific uptake of [18F]PARPi in the animal models. CONCLUSIONS This method is simple and efficient, having great potential for the synthesis of radiopharmaceuticals starting from [18F]FBA or other radiolabeled aromatic acids. Using [18F]PARPi prepared by this method, we demonstrated the promise of [18F]PARPi in the nuclear imaging of PARP-1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinbin Xu
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| | - Huaping Chen
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Buck E Rogers
- Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - John A Katzenellenbogen
- Department of Chemistry and Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Dong Zhou
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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15
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PARP inhibitors in small cell lung cancer: The underlying mechanisms and clinical implications. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 153:113458. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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16
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Wang Q, Zhang J. Current status and progress in using radiolabelled PARP-1 inhibitors for imaging PARP-1 expression in tumours. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 242:114690. [PMID: 36041258 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) is a key enzyme in the DNA repair process, and the overexpression of PARP-1 in several tumours makes this enzyme a promising molecular target. Recently, several PARP-1 inhibitors, such as olaparib, rucaparib, niraparib and talazoparib, have been clinically approved as anticancer drugs. Several of these inhibitors have been radiolabelled for noninvasive imaging of PARP-1 expression in several types of tumours. In this review, the background and progress for using various radiolabelled PARP-1 inhibitors for cancer diagnosis are discussed and future development directions are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianna Wang
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals of Ministry of Education, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals (National Medical Products Administration), College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, PR China
| | - Junbo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals of Ministry of Education, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals (National Medical Products Administration), College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, PR China.
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17
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Flippot R, Patrikidou A, Aldea M, Colomba E, Lavaud P, Albigès L, Naoun N, Blanchard P, Terlizzi M, Garcia C, Bernard-Tessier A, Fuerea A, Di Palma M, Escudier B, Loriot Y, Baciarello G, Fizazi K. PARP Inhibition, a New Therapeutic Avenue in Patients with Prostate Cancer. Drugs 2022; 82:719-733. [PMID: 35511402 DOI: 10.1007/s40265-022-01703-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Up to 25% of patients with metastatic prostate cancer present with germline or somatic DNA damage repair alterations, some of which are associated with aggressive disease and poor outcomes. New data have brought poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors into sharp focus in the treatment of metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Olaparib improved survival after at least one new hormonal therapy (NHT) in a cohort of patients harboring BRCA1, BRCA2 or ATM mutations in the PROfound trial, while rucaparib, talazoparib and niraparib demonstrated compelling activity in phase II trials. While patients with prostate cancer and BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations may derive greatest benefit of PARP inhibition, the magnitude of benefit seems much lower in the context of most other homologous recombination gene mutations. Several PARP inhibitors are currently developed in combination with conventional therapy, including chemotherapy, NHT, and alpha-particle emitters, at different disease stages. Herein, we review the rationale for PARP inhibition in patients with prostate cancer, discuss the impact of PARP inhibitors on outcomes, and explore underlying challenges for future developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronan Flippot
- Department of Cancer Medicine, Paris Saclay University, Gustave Roussy, 114 rue Edouard Vaillant, 94 800, Villejuif, France
| | - Anna Patrikidou
- Department of Cancer Medicine, Paris Saclay University, Gustave Roussy, 114 rue Edouard Vaillant, 94 800, Villejuif, France
| | - Mihaela Aldea
- Department of Cancer Medicine, Paris Saclay University, Gustave Roussy, 114 rue Edouard Vaillant, 94 800, Villejuif, France
| | - Emeline Colomba
- Department of Cancer Medicine, Paris Saclay University, Gustave Roussy, 114 rue Edouard Vaillant, 94 800, Villejuif, France
| | - Pernelle Lavaud
- Department of Cancer Medicine, Paris Saclay University, Gustave Roussy, 114 rue Edouard Vaillant, 94 800, Villejuif, France
| | - Laurence Albigès
- Department of Cancer Medicine, Paris Saclay University, Gustave Roussy, 114 rue Edouard Vaillant, 94 800, Villejuif, France
| | - Natacha Naoun
- Department of Cancer Medicine, Paris Saclay University, Gustave Roussy, 114 rue Edouard Vaillant, 94 800, Villejuif, France
| | - Pierre Blanchard
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Paris Saclay University, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Mario Terlizzi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Paris Saclay University, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Camilo Garcia
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Paris Saclay University, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Alice Bernard-Tessier
- Department of Cancer Medicine, Paris Saclay University, Gustave Roussy, 114 rue Edouard Vaillant, 94 800, Villejuif, France
| | - Alina Fuerea
- Department of Cancer Medicine, Paris Saclay University, Gustave Roussy, 114 rue Edouard Vaillant, 94 800, Villejuif, France
| | - Mario Di Palma
- Department of Cancer Medicine, Paris Saclay University, Gustave Roussy, 114 rue Edouard Vaillant, 94 800, Villejuif, France
| | - Bernard Escudier
- Department of Cancer Medicine, Paris Saclay University, Gustave Roussy, 114 rue Edouard Vaillant, 94 800, Villejuif, France
| | - Yohann Loriot
- Department of Cancer Medicine, Paris Saclay University, Gustave Roussy, 114 rue Edouard Vaillant, 94 800, Villejuif, France
| | | | - Karim Fizazi
- Department of Cancer Medicine, Paris Saclay University, Gustave Roussy, 114 rue Edouard Vaillant, 94 800, Villejuif, France.
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18
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Perspective on the Use of DNA Repair Inhibitors as a Tool for Imaging and Radionuclide Therapy of Glioblastoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14071821. [PMID: 35406593 PMCID: PMC8997380 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14071821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The current routine treatment for glioblastoma (GB), the most lethal high-grade brain tumor in adults, aims to induce DNA damage in the tumor. However, the tumor cells might be able to repair that damage, which leads to therapy resistance. Fortunately, DNA repair defects are common in GB cells, and their survival is often based on a sole backup repair pathway. Hence, targeted drugs inhibiting essential proteins of the DNA damage response have gained momentum and are being introduced in the clinic. This review gives a perspective on the use of radiopharmaceuticals targeting DDR kinases for imaging in order to determine the DNA repair phenotype of GB, as well as for effective radionuclide therapy. Finally, four new promising radiopharmaceuticals are suggested with the potential to lead to a more personalized GB therapy. Abstract Despite numerous innovative treatment strategies, the treatment of glioblastoma (GB) remains challenging. With the current state-of-the-art therapy, most GB patients succumb after about a year. In the evolution of personalized medicine, targeted radionuclide therapy (TRT) is gaining momentum, for example, to stratify patients based on specific biomarkers. One of these biomarkers is deficiencies in DNA damage repair (DDR), which give rise to genomic instability and cancer initiation. However, these deficiencies also provide targets to specifically kill cancer cells following the synthetic lethality principle. This led to the increased interest in targeted drugs that inhibit essential DDR kinases (DDRi), of which multiple are undergoing clinical validation. In this review, the current status of DDRi for the treatment of GB is given for selected targets: ATM/ATR, CHK1/2, DNA-PK, and PARP. Furthermore, this review provides a perspective on the use of radiopharmaceuticals targeting these DDR kinases to (1) evaluate the DNA repair phenotype of GB before treatment decisions are made and (2) induce DNA damage via TRT. Finally, by applying in-house selection criteria and analyzing the structural characteristics of the DDRi, four drugs with the potential to become new therapeutic GB radiopharmaceuticals are suggested.
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19
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Nguyen NT, Pacelli A, Nader M, Kossatz S. DNA Repair Enzyme Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase 1/2 (PARP1/2)-Targeted Nuclear Imaging and Radiotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14051129. [PMID: 35267438 PMCID: PMC8909184 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14051129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In parallel to the successful clinical implementation of PARP1/2 inhibitors as anti-cancer drugs, which interfere with the DNA repair machinery, these small molecule agents have also gained attention as vehicles for molecular imaging and radiotherapy. In this review article, we summarize the development and preclinical evaluation of radioactively-labelled PARP inhibitors for positron emission tomography (PET) for many applications, such as selecting patients for PARP inhibitor treatment, response prediction or monitoring, and diagnosis of tumors. We report on early clinical studies that show safety and feasibility of PARP-imaging in humans. In addition, we summarize the latest developments in the field of PARP-targeted radiotherapy, where PARP inhibitors are studied as vehicles to deposit highly cytotoxic radioisotopes in close proximity to the DNA of tumor cells. Lastly, we look at synthetic strategies for PARP-targeted imaging and therapy agents that are compatible with large scale production and clinical translation. Abstract Since it was discovered that many tumor types are vulnerable to inhibition of the DNA repair machinery, research towards efficient and selective inhibitors has accelerated. Amongst other enzymes, poly(ADP-ribose)-polymerase 1 (PARP1) was identified as a key player in this process, which resulted in the development of selective PARP inhibitors (PARPi) as anti-cancer drugs. Most small molecule PARPi’s exhibit high affinity for both PARP1 and PARP2. PARPi are under clinical investigation for mono- and combination therapy in several cancer types and five PARPi are now clinically approved. In parallel, radiolabeled PARPi have emerged for non-invasive imaging of PARP1 expression. PARP imaging agents have been suggested as companion diagnostics, patient selection, and treatment monitoring tools to improve the outcome of PARPi therapy, but also as stand-alone diagnostics. We give a comprehensive overview over the preclinical development of PARP imaging agents, which are mostly based on the PARPi olaparib, rucaparib, and recently also talazoparib. We also report on the current status of clinical translation, which involves a growing number of early phase trials. Additionally, this work provides an insight into promising approaches of PARP-targeted radiotherapy based on Auger and α-emitting isotopes. Furthermore, the review covers synthetic strategies for PARP-targeted imaging and therapy agents that are compatible with large scale production and clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nghia T. Nguyen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Klinikum Rechts der Isar and Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), School of Medicine, Technical University Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany;
| | - Anna Pacelli
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg–Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (A.P.); (M.N.)
| | - Michael Nader
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg–Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (A.P.); (M.N.)
| | - Susanne Kossatz
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Klinikum Rechts der Isar and Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), School of Medicine, Technical University Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany;
- Correspondence:
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20
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Wittmann C, Sivchenko AS, Bacher F, Tong KKH, Guru N, Wilson T, Gonzales J, Rauch H, Kossatz S, Reiner T, Babak MV, Arion VB. Inhibition of Microtubule Dynamics in Cancer Cells by Indole-Modified Latonduine Derivatives and Their Metal Complexes. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:1456-1470. [PMID: 34995063 PMCID: PMC8790753 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c03154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Indolo[2,3-d]benzazepines (indololatonduines)
are rarely discussed in the literature. In this project, we prepared
a series of novel indololatonduine derivatives and their RuII and OsII complexes and investigated their microtubule-targeting
properties in comparison with paclitaxel and colchicine. Compounds
were fully characterized by spectroscopic techniques (1H NMR and UV–vis), ESI mass-spectrometry, and X-ray crystallography,
and their purity was confirmed by elemental analysis. The stabilities
of the compounds in DMSO and water were confirmed by 1H
and 13C NMR and UV–vis spectroscopy. Novel indololatonduines
demonstrated anticancer activity in vitro in a low
micromolar concentration range, while their coordination to metal
centers resulted in a decrease of cytotoxicity. The preliminary in vivo activity of the RuII complex was investigated.
Fluorescence staining and in vitro tubulin polymerization
assays revealed the prepared compounds to have excellent microtubule-destabilizing
activities, even more potent than the well-known microtubule-destabilizing
agent colchicine. Several
synthesized indololatonduine derivatives and their
RuII and OsII complexes were investigated for
their microtubule-targeting properties in comparison with paclitaxel
and colchicine. Fluorescence staining and in vitro tubulin polymerization assays indicate excellent microtubule-destabilizing
activity. The compounds were even more potent than the well-known
microtubule-destabilizing agent colchicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Wittmann
- University of Vienna, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Währinger Strasse 42, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Anastasiia S Sivchenko
- Drug Discovery Lab, Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong SAR 999077, PR China
| | - Felix Bacher
- University of Vienna, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Währinger Strasse 42, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Kelvin K H Tong
- Drug Discovery Lab, Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong SAR 999077, PR China
| | - Navjot Guru
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 417 East 68th Street, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Thomas Wilson
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 417 East 68th Street, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Junior Gonzales
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 417 East 68th Street, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Hartmut Rauch
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany.,TranslaTUM - Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research, D-81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Susanne Kossatz
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany.,TranslaTUM - Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research, D-81675 Munich, Germany.,Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, D-85748 Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Reiner
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 417 East 68th Street, New York, New York 10065, United States.,Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York 10021, United States.,Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Maria V Babak
- Drug Discovery Lab, Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong SAR 999077, PR China
| | - Vladimir B Arion
- University of Vienna, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Währinger Strasse 42, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
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21
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Understanding and overcoming resistance to PARP inhibitors in cancer therapy. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2021; 18:773-791. [PMID: 34285417 DOI: 10.1038/s41571-021-00532-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Developing novel targeted anticancer therapies is a major goal of current research. The use of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors in patients with homologous recombination-deficient tumours provides one of the best examples of a targeted therapy that has been successfully translated into the clinic. The success of this approach has so far led to the approval of four different PARP inhibitors for the treatment of several types of cancers and a total of seven different compounds are currently under clinical investigation for various indications. Clinical trials have demonstrated promising response rates among patients receiving PARP inhibitors, although the majority will inevitably develop resistance. Preclinical and clinical data have revealed multiple mechanisms of resistance and current efforts are focused on developing strategies to address this challenge. In this Review, we summarize the diverse processes underlying resistance to PARP inhibitors and discuss the potential strategies that might overcome these mechanisms such as combinations with chemotherapies, targeting the acquired vulnerabilities associated with resistance to PARP inhibitors or suppressing genomic instability.
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22
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van Doorn CLR, Steenbergen SAM, Walburg KV, Ottenhoff THM. Pharmacological Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase Inhibitors Decrease Mycobacterium tuberculosis Survival in Human Macrophages. Front Immunol 2021; 12:712021. [PMID: 34899683 PMCID: PMC8662539 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.712021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellites (DM) is correlated with increased susceptibility to and disease progression of tuberculosis (TB), and strongly impairs effective global TB control measures. To better control the TB-DM co-epidemic, unravelling the bidirectional interactivity between DM-associated molecular processes and immune responses to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is urgently required. Since poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) activation has been associated with DM and with Mtb infection in mouse models, we have investigated whether PARP inhibition by pharmacological compounds can interfere with host protection against Mtb in human macrophage subsets, the predominant target cell of Mtb. Pharmacological inhibition of PARP decreased intracellular Mtb and MDR-Mtb levels in human macrophages, identifying PARP as a potential target for host-directed therapy against Mtb. PARP inhibition was associated with modified chemokine secretion and upregulation of cell surface activation markers by human macrophages. Targeting LDH, a secondary target of the PARP inhibitor rucaparib, resulted in decreased intracellular Mtb, suggesting a metabolic role in rucaparib-induced control of Mtb. We conclude that pharmacological inhibition of PARP is a potential novel strategy in developing innovative host-directed therapies against intracellular bacterial infections.
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23
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Karpińska A, Pilz M, Buczkowska J, Żuk PJ, Kucharska K, Magiera G, Kwapiszewska K, Hołyst R. Quantitative analysis of biochemical processes in living cells at a single-molecule level: a case of olaparib-PARP1 (DNA repair protein) interactions. Analyst 2021; 146:7131-7143. [PMID: 34726203 DOI: 10.1039/d1an01769a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Quantitative description of biochemical processes inside living cells and at single-molecule levels remains a challenge at the forefront of modern instrumentation and spectroscopy. This paper demonstrates such single-cell, single-molecule analyses performed to study the mechanism of action of olaparib - an up-to-date, FDA-approved drug for germline-BRCA mutated metastatic breast cancer. We characterized complexes formed with PARPi-FL - fluorescent analog of olaparib in vitro and in cancer cells using the advanced fluorescent-based method: Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy (FCS) combined with a length-scale dependent cytoplasmic/nucleoplasmic viscosity model. We determined in vitro olaparib-PARP1 equilibrium constant (6.06 × 108 mol L-1). In the cell nucleus, we distinguished three states of olaparib: freely diffusing drug (24%), olaparib-PARP1 complex (50%), and olaparib-PARP1-RNA complex (26%). We show olaparib accumulation in 3D spheroids, where intracellular concentration is twofold higher than in 2D cells. Moreover, olaparib concentration was tenfold higher (506 nmol L-1vs. 57 nmol L-1) in cervical cancer (BRCA1 high abundance) than in breast cancer cells (BRCA1 low abundance) but with a lower toxic effect. Thus we confirmed that the amount of BRCA1 protein in the cells is a better predictor of the therapeutic effect of olaparib than its penetration into cancer tissue. Our single-molecule and single-cell approach give a new perspective of drug action in living cells. FCS provides a detailed in vivo insight, valuable in drug development and targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneta Karpińska
- Institute of Physical Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Marta Pilz
- Institute of Physical Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Joanna Buczkowska
- Institute of Physical Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Paweł J Żuk
- Institute of Physical Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland. .,Department of Physics, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YB, UK
| | - Karolina Kucharska
- Institute of Physical Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Gaweł Magiera
- Department of Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-356, Poznan, Poland
| | - Karina Kwapiszewska
- Institute of Physical Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Robert Hołyst
- Institute of Physical Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland.
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24
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Bowden GD, Stotz S, Kinzler J, Geibel C, Lämmerhofer M, Pichler BJ, Maurer A. DoE Optimization Empowers the Automated Preparation of Enantiomerically Pure [ 18F]Talazoparib and its In Vivo Evaluation as a PARP Radiotracer. J Med Chem 2021; 64:15690-15701. [PMID: 34672571 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Given the clinical potential of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARP) imaging for the detection and stratification of various cancers, the development of novel PARP imaging probes with improved pharmacological profiles over established PARP imaging agents is warranted. Here, we present a novel 18F-labeled PARP radiotracer based on the clinically superior PARP inhibitor talazoparib. An automated radiosynthesis of [18F]talazoparib (RCY: 13 ± 3.4%; n = 4) was achieved using a "design of experiments" (DoE) optimized copper-mediated radiofluorination reaction. The chiral product was isolated from the reaction mixture using 2D reversed-phase/chiral radio-HPLC (>99% ee). (8S,9R)-[18F]Talazoparib demonstrated PARP binding in HCC1937 cells in vitro and showed an excellent tumor-to-blood ratio in xenograft-bearing mice (10.2 ± 1.5). Additionally, a favorable pharmacological profile in terms of excretion, metabolism, and target engagement was observed. This synthesis of [18F]talazoparib exemplifies how DoE can enable the radiosyntheses of synthetically challenging radiolabeled compounds of high interest to the imaging community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory D Bowden
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University, Roentgenweg 15, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", Eberhard Karls University, Roentgenweg 13, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Sophie Stotz
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University, Roentgenweg 15, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", Eberhard Karls University, Roentgenweg 13, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Johannes Kinzler
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University, Roentgenweg 15, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Christian Geibel
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical (Bio-)Analysis, Eberhard Karls University, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Michael Lämmerhofer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical (Bio-)Analysis, Eberhard Karls University, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Bernd J Pichler
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University, Roentgenweg 15, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", Eberhard Karls University, Roentgenweg 13, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center, German Cancer Consortium DKTK, Partner Site Tuebingen, Roentgenweg 13, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Maurer
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University, Roentgenweg 15, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", Eberhard Karls University, Roentgenweg 13, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
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25
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Sahu A, Cordero J, Wu X, Kossatz S, Harris U, Demetrio Desouza Franca P, Kurtansky NR, Everett N, Dusza S, Monnier J, Kumar P, Alessi-Fox C, Brand C, Roberts S, Kose K, Phillip W, Lee E, Jason Chen CS, Rossi A, Nehal K, Pulitzer M, Longo C, Halpern A, Reiner T, Rajadhyaksha M, Jain M. Combined PARP1-targeted nuclear contrast and reflectance contrast enhances confocal microscopic detection of basal cell carcinoma. J Nucl Med 2021; 63:912-918. [PMID: 34649941 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.121.262600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) with endogenous backscattered contrast can noninvasively image basal cell carcinomas (BCCs) in skin. However, BCCs present with high nuclear density and the relatively weak backscattering from nuclei impose a fundamental limit on contrast, detectability, and diagnostic accuracy. We investigated PARPi-FL, an exogenous nuclear poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP1)-targeted fluorescent contrast agent and fluorescence confocal microscopy (FCM) towards improving BCC diagnosis. Methods: We tested PARP1 expression in 95 BCC tissues using immunohistochemistry, followed by PARPi-FL staining in 32 fresh surgical BCC specimens. Diagnostic accuracy of PARPi-FL contrast was evaluated in 83 surgical specimens. Optimal parameters for trans-epidermal permeability of PARPi-FL through intact skin was tested ex vivo on 5 human skin specimens and in vivo in 3 adult Yorkshire pigs. Results: We found significantly higher PARP1 expression and PARPi-FL binding in BCCs, as compared to normal skin structures. Blinded reading of RCM-and-FCM images by two experts demonstrated a higher diagnostic accuracy for BCCs with combined fluorescence and reflectance contrast, as compared to RCM-alone. Optimal parameters (time and concentration) for PARPi-FL trans-epidermal permeation through intact skin were successfully determined. Conclusion: Combined fluorescence and reflectance contrast may improve noninvasive BCC diagnosis with confocal microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Sahu
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, United States
| | - Jose Cordero
- University of Puerto Rico - Medical Sciences Campus
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Stephen Dusza
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Kivanc Kose
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, United States
| | | | - Erica Lee
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, United States
| | | | - Anthony Rossi
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, United States
| | - Kishwer Nehal
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, United States
| | | | | | - Allan Halpern
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, United States
| | | | | | - Manu Jain
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, United States
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26
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Chen Z, Destro G, Guibbal F, Chan CY, Cornelissen B, Gouverneur V. Copper-Mediated Radiosynthesis of [ 18F]Rucaparib. Org Lett 2021; 23:7290-7294. [PMID: 34459606 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c02770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor rucaparib is used in the clinic to treat BRCA-mutated cancers. Herein, we report two strategies to access the 18F-isotopologue of rucaparib by applying a copper-mediated nucleophilic 18F-fluorodeboronation. The most successful approach features an aldehydic boronic ester precursor that is subjected to reductive amination post-18F-labeling and affords [18F]rucaparib with an activity yield of 11% ± 3% (n = 3) and a molar activity (Am) up to 30 GBq/μmol. Preliminary in vitro studies are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijun Chen
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Oxford University, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Gianluca Destro
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Oxford University, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
- MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LJ, U.K
| | - Florian Guibbal
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Oxford University, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
- MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LJ, U.K
| | - Chung Ying Chan
- MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LJ, U.K
| | - Bart Cornelissen
- MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LJ, U.K
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27
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Stotz S, Kinzler J, Nies AT, Schwab M, Maurer A. Two experts and a newbie: [ 18F]PARPi vs [ 18F]FTT vs [ 18F]FPyPARP-a comparison of PARP imaging agents. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2021; 49:834-846. [PMID: 34486071 PMCID: PMC8803746 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-021-05436-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Imaging of PARP expression has emerged as valuable strategy for prediction of tumor malignancy. While [18F]PARPi and [18F]FTT are already in clinical translation, both suffer from mainly hepatobiliary clearance hampering their use for detection of abdominal lesions, e.g., liver metastases. Our novel radiotracer [18F]FPyPARP aims to bridge this gap with a higher renal clearance and an easily translatable synthesis route for potential clinical application. Methods We developed a less lipophilic variant of [18F]PARPi by exchange of the fluorobenzoyl residue with a fluoronicotinoyl group and automated the radiosyntheses of the three radiotracers. We then conducted a comparative side-by-side study of [18F]PARPi, [18F]FPyPARP, and [18F]FTT in NOD.CB17-Prkdcscid/J mice bearing HCC1937 xenografts to assess xenograft uptake and pharmacokinetics focusing on excretion pathways. Results Together with decent uptake of all three radiotracers in the xenografts (tumor-to-blood ratios 3.41 ± 0.83, 3.99 ± 0.99, and 2.46 ± 0.35, respectively, for [18F]PARPi, [18F]FPyPARP, and [18F]FTT), a partial shift from hepatobiliary to renal clearance of [18F]FPyPARP was observed, whereas [18F]PARPi and [18F]FTT show almost exclusive hepatobiliary clearance. Conclusion These findings imply that [18F]FPyPARP is an alternative to [18F]PARPi and [18F]FTT for PET imaging of PARP enzymes. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00259-021-05436-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Stotz
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Roentgenweg 15, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Johannes Kinzler
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Roentgenweg 15, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Anne T Nies
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, and Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Matthias Schwab
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, and Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
- Departments of Clinical Pharmacology, and of Biochemistry and Pharmacy, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Maurer
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Roentgenweg 15, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany.
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.
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Abstract
The use of PET imaging agents in oncology, cardiovascular disease, and neurodegenerative disease shows the power of this technique in evaluating the molecular and biological characteristics of numerous diseases. These agents provide crucial information for designing therapeutic strategies for individual patients. Novel PET tracers are in continual development and many have potential use in clinical and research settings. This article discusses the potential applications of tracers in diagnostics, the biological characteristics of diseases, the ability to provide prognostic indicators, and using this information to guide treatment strategies including monitoring treatment efficacy in real time to improve outcomes and survival.
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Wilson T, Pirovano G, Xiao G, Samuels Z, Roberts S, Viray T, Guru N, Zanzonico P, Gollub M, Pillarsetty NVK, Reiner T, Bargonetti J. PARP-Targeted Auger Therapy in p53 Mutant Colon Cancer Xenograft Mouse Models. Mol Pharm 2021; 18:3418-3428. [PMID: 34318678 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.1c00323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Despite Auger electrons being highly appealing due to their short-range and high linear energy transfer to surrounding tissues, the progress in the field has been limited due to the challenge in delivering a therapeutic dose within the close proximity of cancer cell's DNA. Here, we demonstrate that the PARP inhibitor 123I-MAPi is a viable agent for the systemic administration and treatment of p53 mutant cancers. Significantly, minimal off-site toxicity was observed in mice administered with up to 74 MBq of 127I-PARPi. Taken together, these results lay the foundation for future clinical evaluation and broader preclinical investigations. By harnessing the scaffold of the PARP inhibitor Olaparib, we were able to deliver therapeutic levels of Auger radiation to the site of human colorectal cancer xenograft tumors after systemic administration. In-depth toxicity studies analyzed blood chemistry levels and markers associated with specific organ toxicity. Finally, p53+/+ and p53-/- human colorectal cancer cell lines were evaluated for the ability of 123I-MAPi to induce tumor growth delay. Toxicity studies demonstrate that both 123I-MAPi and its stable isotopologue, 127I-PARPi, have no significant off-site toxicity when administered systemically. Analysis following 123I-MAPi treatment confirmed its ability to induce DNA damage at the site of xenograft tumors when administered systemically. Finally, we demonstrate that 123I-MAPi generates a therapeutic response in p53-/-, but not p53+/+, subcutaneous xenograft tumors in mouse models. Taken together, these results represent the first example of a PARP Auger theranostic agent capable of delivering a therapeutic dose to xenograft human colorectal cancer tumors upon systemic administration without causing significant toxicity to surrounding mouse organs. Moreover, it suggests that a PARP Auger theranostic can act as a targeted therapeutic for cancers with mutated p53 pathways. This landmark goal paves the way for clinical evaluation of 123I-MAPi for pan cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Wilson
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Giacomo Pirovano
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Gu Xiao
- Department of Biological Sciences Hunter College, City University of New York, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Zachary Samuels
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Sheryl Roberts
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Tara Viray
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Navjot Guru
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Pat Zanzonico
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Marc Gollub
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States.,Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Naga Vara Kishore Pillarsetty
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States.,Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Thomas Reiner
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States.,Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York 10065, United States.,Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Jill Bargonetti
- Department of Biological Sciences Hunter College, City University of New York, New York, New York 10065, United States.,The Graduate Center Biology and Biochemistry PhD Program of City University of New York, New York, New York 10016, United States.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York 10065, United States
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30
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de Souza França PD, Guru N, Kostolansky AR, Mauguen A, Pirovano G, Kossatz S, Roberts S, Abrahão M, Patel SG, Park KJ, Reiner T, Jewell E. PARP1: A Potential Molecular Marker to Identify Cancer During Colposcopy Procedures. J Nucl Med 2021; 62:941-948. [PMID: 33188153 PMCID: PMC8882878 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.120.253575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite efforts in prevention, cervical cancer still presents with a high worldwide incidence and remains a great problem in public health, especially in low-income countries. Screening programs, such as colposcopy with Papanicolaou testing, have greatly improved mortality rates. However, the agents currently used to delineate those lesions (topical application of acetic acid or Lugol iodine) lack specificity and sometimes can lead to unnecessary biopsies or even cervical excisions. A tool to enable in vivo histology to quickly and quantitatively distinguish between tumor, dysplastic tissue, and healthy tissue would be of great clinical interest. Methods: Here, we describe the use of PARPi-FL, a fluorescent inhibitor of poly[adenosine diphosphate-ribose]polymerase 1 (PARP1), which is a nuclear enzyme that is overexpressed in cancer when compared with the normal surrounding tissues. We exploit its use as an optical imaging agent to specifically target PARP1 expression, which was demonstrated to be higher in cervical cancer than the normal surrounding tissue. Results: After topical application of PARPi-FL on freshly excised cone biopsy samples, the nuclei of tumor cells emitted a specific fluorescent signal that could be visualized using a handheld fluorescence confocal microscope. Conclusion: This approach has the potential to improve in vivo identification of tumor cells during colposcopy examination, allowing a rapid, noninvasive, and accurate histopathologic assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Demétrio de Souza França
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Navjot Guru
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Abigail R Kostolansky
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey
| | - Audrey Mauguen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Giacomo Pirovano
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Susanne Kossatz
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Klinikum Rechts der Isar and TranslaTUM, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sheryl Roberts
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Marcio Abrahão
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Snehal G Patel
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Kay J Park
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Thomas Reiner
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York;
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York; and
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Elizabeth Jewell
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
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Puentes LN, Makvandi M, Mach RH. Molecular Imaging: PARP-1 and Beyond. J Nucl Med 2021; 62:765-770. [PMID: 33579802 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.120.243287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The genetic code to life is balanced on a string of DNA that is under constant metabolic and physical stress from environmental forces. Nearly all diseases have a genetic component caused by or resulting in DNA damage that alters biology to drive pathogenesis. Recent advancements in DNA repair biology have led to the development of imaging tools that target DNA damage response and repair proteins. PET has been used for early detection of oncogenic processes and monitoring of tumor response to chemotherapeutics that target the DNA repair machinery. In the field of precision medicine, imaging tools provide a unique opportunity for patient stratification by directly measuring drug target expression or monitoring therapy to identify early responders. This overview discusses the state of the art on molecular imaging of DNA damage and repair from the past 5 years, with an emphasis on poly[adenosine diphosphate ribose]polymerase-1 as an imaging target and predictive biomarker of response to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura N Puentes
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; and
| | - Mehran Makvandi
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Robert H Mach
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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32
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Zhou D, Chen H, Mpoy C, Afrin S, Rogers BE, Garbow JR, Katzenellenbogen JA, Xu J. Radiosynthesis and Evaluation of Talazoparib and Its Derivatives as PARP-1-Targeting Agents. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9050565. [PMID: 34069967 PMCID: PMC8157854 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9050565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) is a critical enzyme in the DNA repair process and the target of several FDA-approved inhibitors. Several of these inhibitors have been radiolabeled for non-invasive imaging of PARP-1 expression or targeted radiotherapy of PARP-1 expressing tumors. In particular, derivatives of olaparib and rucaparib, which have reduced trapping potency by PARP-1 compared to talazoparib, have been radiolabeled for these purposes. Here, we report the first radiosynthesis of [18F]talazoparib and its in vitro and in vivo evaluation. Talazoparib (3a″) and its bromo- or iodo-derivatives were synthesized as racemic mixtures (3a, 3b and 3c), and these compounds exhibit high affinity to PARP-1 (Ki for talazoparib (3a″): 0.65 ± 0.07 nM; 3a: 2.37 ± 0.56 nM; 3b: 1.92 ± 0.41 nM; 3c: 1.73 ± 0.43 nM; known PARP-1 inhibitor Olaparib: 1.87 ± 0.10 nM; non-PARP-1 compound Raclopride: >20,000 nM) in a competitive binding assay using a tritium-labeled PARP-1 radioligand [3H]WC-DZ for screening. [18F]Talazoparib (3a″) was radiosynthesized via a multiple-step procedure with good radiochemical and chiral purities (98%) and high molar activity (28 GBq/μmol). The preliminary biodistribution studies in the murine PC-3 tumor model showed that [18F]talazoparib had a good level of tumor uptake that persisted for over 8 h (3.78 ± 0.55 %ID/gram at 4 h and 4.52 ± 0.32 %ID/gram at 8 h). These studies show the potential for the bromo- and iodo- derivatives for PARP-1 targeted radiotherapy studies using therapeutic radionuclides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Zhou
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA; (H.C.); (S.A.); (J.R.G.)
- Correspondence: (D.Z.); (J.X.)
| | - Huaping Chen
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA; (H.C.); (S.A.); (J.R.G.)
| | - Cedric Mpoy
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA; (C.M.); (B.E.R.)
| | - Sadia Afrin
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA; (H.C.); (S.A.); (J.R.G.)
| | - Buck E. Rogers
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA; (C.M.); (B.E.R.)
| | - Joel R. Garbow
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA; (H.C.); (S.A.); (J.R.G.)
| | - John A. Katzenellenbogen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA;
- Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Jinbin Xu
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA; (H.C.); (S.A.); (J.R.G.)
- Correspondence: (D.Z.); (J.X.)
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33
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A phase I study of a PARP1-targeted topical fluorophore for the detection of oral cancer. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2021; 48:3618-3630. [PMID: 33954826 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-021-05372-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Visual inspection and biopsy is the current standard of care for oral cancer diagnosis, but is subject to misinterpretation and consequently to misdiagnosis. Topically applied PARPi-FL is a molecularly specific, fluorescent contrast-based approach that may fulfill the unmet need for a simple, in vivo, non-invasive, cost-effective, point-of-care method for the early diagnosis of oral cancer. Here, we present results from a phase I safety and feasibility study on fluorescent, topically applied PARPi-FL. Twelve patients with a histologically proven oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) gargled a PARPi-FL solution for 60 s (15 mL, 100 nM, 250 nM, 500 nM, or 1000 nM), followed by gargling a clearing solution for 60 s. Fluorescence measurements of the lesion and surrounding oral mucosa were taken before PARPi-FL application, after PARPi-FL application, and after clearing. Blood pressure, oxygen levels, clinical chemistry, and CBC were obtained before and after tracer administration. RESULTS PARPi-FL was well-tolerated by all patients without any safety concerns. When analyzing the fluorescence signal, all malignant lesions showed a significant differential in contrast after administration of PARPi-FL, with the highest increase occurring at the highest dose level (1000 nM), where all patients had a tumor-to-margin fluorescence signal ratio of >3. A clearing step was essential to increase signal specificity, as it clears unbound PARPi-FL trapped in normal anatomical structures. PARPi-FL tumor cell specificity was confirmed by ex vivo tabletop confocal microscopy. We have demonstrated that the fluorescence signal arose from the nuclei of tumor cells, endorsing our macroscopic findings. CONCLUSIONS A PARPi-FL swish & spit solution is a rapid and non-invasive diagnostic tool that preferentially localizes fluorescent contrast to OSCC. This technique holds promise for the early detection of OSCC based on in vivo optical evaluation and targeted biopsy of suspicious lesions in the oral cavity. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinicaltrials.gov -NCT03085147, registered on March 21st, 2017.
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34
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Chan CY, Tan KV, Cornelissen B. PARP Inhibitors in Cancer Diagnosis and Therapy. Clin Cancer Res 2021; 27:1585-1594. [PMID: 33082213 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-20-2766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Targeting of PARP enzymes has emerged as an effective therapeutic strategy to selectively target cancer cells with deficiencies in homologous recombination signaling. Currently used to treat BRCA-mutated cancers, PARP inhibitors (PARPi) have demonstrated improved outcome in various cancer types as single agents. Ongoing efforts have seen the exploitation of PARPi combination therapies, boosting patient responses as a result of drug synergisms. Despite great successes using PARPi therapy, selecting those patients who will benefit from single agent or combination therapy remains one of the major challenges. Numerous reports have demonstrated that the presence of a BRCA mutation does not always result in synthetic lethality with PARPi therapy in treatment-naïve tumors. Cancer cells can also develop resistance to PARPi therapy. Hence, combination therapy may significantly affect the treatment outcomes. In this review, we discuss the development and utilization of PARPi in different cancer types from preclinical models to clinical trials, provide a current overview of the potential uses of PARP imaging agents in cancer therapy, and discuss the use of radiolabeled PARPi as radionuclide therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung Ying Chan
- MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Kel Vin Tan
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Bart Cornelissen
- MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
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35
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Zheng Q, Xu H, Wang H, Du WGH, Wang N, Xiong H, Gu Y, Noodleman L, Sharpless KB, Yang G, Wu P. Sulfur [ 18F]Fluoride Exchange Click Chemistry Enabled Ultrafast Late-Stage Radiosynthesis. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:3753-3763. [PMID: 33630577 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c09306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The lack of efficient [18F]fluorination processes and target-specific organofluorine chemotypes remains the major challenge of fluorine-18 positron emission tomography (PET). We report here an ultrafast isotopic exchange method for the radiosynthesis of novel PET agent aryl [18F]fluorosulfate enabled by the emerging sulfur fluoride exchange (SuFEx) click chemistry. The method has been applied to the fully automated 18F-radiolabeling of 25 structurally and functionally diverse aryl fluorosulfates with excellent radiochemical yield (83-100%, median 98%) and high molar activity (280 GBq μmol-1) at room temperature in 30 s. The purification of radiotracers requires no time-consuming HPLC but rather a simple cartridge filtration. We further demonstrate the imaging application of a rationally designed poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1)-targeting aryl [18F]fluorosulfate by probing subcutaneous tumors in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinheng Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 94037, United States
| | - Hongtao Xu
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies (SIAIS), ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 94037, United States.,Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Wen-Ge Han Du
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Nan Wang
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies (SIAIS), ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Huan Xiong
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies (SIAIS), ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Yuang Gu
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies (SIAIS), ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Louis Noodleman
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - K Barry Sharpless
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 94037, United States
| | - Guang Yang
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies (SIAIS), ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Peng Wu
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
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36
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Benn CL, Gibson KR, Reynolds DS. Drugging DNA Damage Repair Pathways for Trinucleotide Repeat Expansion Diseases. J Huntingtons Dis 2021; 10:203-220. [PMID: 32925081 PMCID: PMC7990437 DOI: 10.3233/jhd-200421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
DNA damage repair (DDR) mechanisms have been implicated in a number of neurodegenerative diseases (both genetically determined and sporadic). Consistent with this, recent genome-wide association studies in Huntington’s disease (HD) and other trinucleotide repeat expansion diseases have highlighted genes involved in DDR mechanisms as modifiers for age of onset, rate of progression and somatic instability. At least some clinical genetic modifiers have been shown to have a role in modulating trinucleotide repeat expansion biology and could therefore provide new disease-modifying therapeutic targets. In this review, we focus on key considerations with respect to drug discovery and development using DDR mechanisms as a target for trinucleotide repeat expansion diseases. Six areas are covered with specific reference to DDR and HD: 1) Target identification and validation; 2) Candidate selection including therapeutic modality and delivery; 3) Target drug exposure with particular focus on blood-brain barrier penetration, engagement and expression of pharmacology; 4) Safety; 5) Preclinical models as predictors of therapeutic efficacy; 6) Clinical outcome measures including biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline L Benn
- LoQus23 Therapeutics, Riverside, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Karl R Gibson
- Sandexis Medicinal Chemistry Ltd, Innovation House, Discovery Park, Sandwich, Kent, UK
| | - David S Reynolds
- LoQus23 Therapeutics, Riverside, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, UK
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37
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Ho J, Jang KH, Koo TS, Park C, Kim YH, Lee J, Kim E. Protective effects of PARP1-inhibitory compound in dry age-related macular degeneration. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 133:111041. [PMID: 33378949 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.111041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1)-dependent cell death in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is implicated in dry age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Although PARP1 inhibitors are available for treating dry AMD, their delivery route is not ideal for patients. The aim of this study was to test the efficacy of a novel PARP1-inhibitory compound (PIC) in vitro and in vivo. This study presents PIC, a novel small molecule, with superior efficacy to PARP1 inhibitors in the market. PIC demonstrated a distinctive inhibitory profile against PARP isotypes than the FDA-approved PARP1 inhibitors. PIC inhibited PARP1 activation at an IC50 of 0.41 ± 0.15 nM in an enzyme-based assay in vitro and at IC50 and EC50 in ARPE-19 cells of 0.11 ± 0.02 nM and 0.22 ± 0.02 nM, respectively, upon H2O2 insult. PIC also moderated mitochondrial fission and depolarization and maintained cellular energy levels under oxidative stress in ARPE-19 cells. Furthermore, PIC demonstrated good corneal penetration in a rat model, presenting PIC as a promising candidate for eye drop therapeutics for dry AMD. When PIC was administered as an eye drop formulation, RPE morphology was preserved, maintaining the thickness of the outer nuclear layers under sodium iodate (SI) treatment in rats. In SI-treated rabbits, eye drop administration of PIC also retained the structural and functional integrity when analyzed using funduscopy and electroretinogram. Collectively, our data portray PIC as an attractive treatment measure for dry AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeongmin Ho
- Department of Biological Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Ki-Hong Jang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Tae-Sung Koo
- Graduate School of New Drug Discovery and Development, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Changmin Park
- Kukjepharma R&D Center, Sanseong-ro 47, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Young-Hoon Kim
- Kukjepharma R&D Center, Sanseong-ro 47, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Juhee Lee
- Kukjepharma R&D Center, Sanseong-ro 47, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Eunhee Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea.
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38
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Cetin B, Wabl CA, Gumusay O. The DNA damaging revolution. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2020; 156:103117. [PMID: 33059228 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2020.103117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) is a nuclear enzyme that plays a critical role in the repair of single-strand DNA damage via the base excision repair pathway. PARP inhibitors have substantial single-agent antitumor activity by inducing synthetic lethality. They have also emerged as promising anticancer targeted therapies, especially in tumors harboring deleterious germline or somatic breast cancer susceptibility gene (BRCA) mutations. PARP inhibition produces single-strand DNA breaks, which may be repaired by homologous recombination, a process partially dependent on BRCA1 and BRCA2. The PARP inhibitors olaparib, veliparib, talazoparib, niraparib, and rucaparib have predominantly been studied in patients with breast or ovarian cancers associated with deleterious germline mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2. Ongoing clinical trials are evaluating the role of PARP inhibitors alone and in combination with other therapies, including selective inhibitors against key targets involved in the DNA damage response. In this review we summarize the use of PARP inhibitors in various tumor types, as well as possible approaches for overcoming resistance to PARP inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bulent Cetin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Suleyman Demirel University, Faculty of Medicine, Isparta, Turkey.
| | - Chiara A Wabl
- UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, California, United States
| | - Ozge Gumusay
- UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, California, United States
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39
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Hanson RL, Batchelor E. Rucaparib Treatment Alters p53 Oscillations in Single Cells to Enhance DNA-Double-Strand-Break-Induced Cell Cycle Arrest. Cell Rep 2020; 33:108240. [PMID: 33053351 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA double strand breaks induce oscillatory expression of the transcription factor p53 that is dependent on ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) activity and the rate of double strand break resolution. Although p53 dynamics are known to play a role in the regulation of cell fate determination, the consequences of the variability in dynamics associated with differences in repair rates and utilized repair pathways are unknown. Using single-cell time-lapse microscopy, we found that disruption of specific repair pathways has distinct impacts on p53 dynamics. The small-molecule rucaparib, an inhibitor of the alternative end-joining-associated protein poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), increased p53 pulse duration, altering the temporal expression of multiple p53 target genes. As a result, combination treatments of the radiomimetic drug neocarzinostatin with rucaparib drove prolonged growth arrest beyond that of DNA damage alone. This study highlights how pharmacological manipulation of DNA repair pathways may be used to alter p53 dynamics to enhance therapeutic regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan L Hanson
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, Cancer and Cardiovascular Research Building 3-136, 2231 6th Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Eric Batchelor
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, Cancer and Cardiovascular Research Building 3-136, 2231 6th Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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40
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Barayan R, Ran X, Lok BH. PARP inhibitors for small cell lung cancer and their potential for integration into current treatment approaches. J Thorac Dis 2020; 12:6240-6252. [PMID: 33209463 PMCID: PMC7656434 DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2020.03.89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a very aggressive, highly lethal, neuroendocrine tumor that constitutes 15% of all lung cancer cases. It is characterized by its rapid disease progression and high relapse rate leading to poor survival for diagnosed patients. Recently, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPi) have emerged as a novel therapeutic strategy for SCLC. Preclinical studies have demonstrated that PARPi possesses cytotoxic activity as a single-agent and in combination with other anti-cancer agents. Predictive biomarkers of response to PARPi, such as SLFN11, have also been described in SCLC. This review aims to summarize the recent preclinical investigations and the relevant clinical trials that evaluate PARPi in SCLC. Here, we highlight the potential role of PARPi in a biomarker-selected manner and in combination with chemotherapy, targeted agents, radiotherapy and immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranya Barayan
- Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Xiaozhuo Ran
- Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Benjamin H Lok
- Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, ON, Canada.,Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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41
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Guibbal F, Hopkins SL, Pacelli A, Isenegger PG, Mosley M, Torres JB, Dias GM, Mahaut D, Hueting R, Gouverneur V, Cornelissen B. [ 18F]AZD2461, an Insight on Difference in PARP Binding Profiles for DNA Damage Response PET Imaging. Mol Imaging Biol 2020; 22:1226-1234. [PMID: 32342268 PMCID: PMC7497465 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-020-01497-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors are extensively studied and used as anti-cancer drugs, as single agents or in combination with other therapies. Most radiotracers developed to date have been chosen on the basis of strong PARP1-3 affinity. Herein, we propose to study AZD2461, a PARP inhibitor with lower affinity towards PARP3, and to investigate its potential for PARP targeting in vivo. METHODS Using the Cu-mediated 18F-fluorodeboronation of a carefully designed radiolabelling precursor, we accessed the 18F-labelled isotopologue of the PARP inhibitor AZD2461. Cell uptake of [18F]AZD2461 in vitro was assessed in a range of pancreatic cell lines (PSN-1, PANC-1, CFPAC-1 and AsPC-1) to assess PARP expression and in vivo in xenograft-bearing mice. Blocking experiments were performed with both olaparib and AZD2461. RESULTS [18F]AZD2461 was efficiently radiolabelled via both manual and automated procedures (9 % ± 3 % and 3 % ± 1 % activity yields non-decay corrected). [18F]AZD2461 was taken up in vivo in PARP1-expressing tumours, and the highest uptake was observed for PSN-1 cells (7.34 ± 1.16 %ID/g). In vitro blocking experiments showed a lesser ability of olaparib to reduce [18F]AZD2461 binding, indicating a difference in selectivity between olaparib and AZD2461. CONCLUSION Taken together, we show the importance of screening the PARP selectivity profile of radiolabelled PARP inhibitors for use as PET imaging agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Guibbal
- Department of Oncology, CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building , Off Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7LJ UK
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA UK
| | - Samantha L. Hopkins
- Department of Oncology, CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building , Off Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7LJ UK
| | - Anna Pacelli
- Department of Oncology, CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building , Off Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7LJ UK
| | - Patrick G. Isenegger
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA UK
| | - Michael Mosley
- Department of Oncology, CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building , Off Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7LJ UK
| | - Julia Baguña Torres
- Department of Oncology, CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building , Off Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7LJ UK
| | - Gemma M. Dias
- Department of Oncology, CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building , Off Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7LJ UK
| | - Damien Mahaut
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA UK
| | - Rebekka Hueting
- Department of Oncology, CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building , Off Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7LJ UK
| | - Véronique Gouverneur
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA UK
| | - Bart Cornelissen
- Department of Oncology, CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building , Off Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7LJ UK
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42
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Young RJ, Demétrio De Souza França P, Pirovano G, Piotrowski AF, Nicklin PJ, Riedl CC, Schwartz J, Bale TA, Donabedian PL, Kossatz S, Burnazi EM, Roberts S, Lyashchenko SK, Miller AM, Moss NS, Fiasconaro M, Zhang Z, Mauguen A, Reiner T, Dunphy MP. Preclinical and first-in-human-brain-cancer applications of [ 18F]poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor PET/MR. Neurooncol Adv 2020; 2:vdaa119. [PMID: 33392502 PMCID: PMC7758909 DOI: 10.1093/noajnl/vdaa119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We report preclinical and first-in-human-brain-cancer data using a targeted poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) binding PET tracer, [18F]PARPi, as a diagnostic tool to differentiate between brain cancers and treatment-related changes. Methods We applied a glioma model in p53-deficient nestin/tv-a mice, which were injected with [18F]PARPi and then sacrificed 1 h post-injection for brain examination. We also prospectively enrolled patients with brain cancers to undergo dynamic [18F]PARPi acquisition on a dedicated positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance (PET/MR) scanner. Lesion diagnosis was established by pathology when available or by Response Assessment in Neuro-Oncology (RANO) or RANO-BM response criteria. Resected tissue also underwent PARPi-FL staining and PARP1 immunohistochemistry. Results In a preclinical mouse model, we illustrated that [18F]PARPi crossed the blood–brain barrier and specifically bound to PARP1 overexpressed in cancer cell nuclei. In humans, we demonstrated high [18F]PARPi uptake on PET/MR in active brain cancers and low uptake in treatment-related changes independent of blood–brain barrier disruption. Immunohistochemistry results confirmed higher PARP1 expression in cancerous than in noncancerous tissue. Specificity was also corroborated by blocking fluorescent tracer uptake with an excess unlabeled PARP inhibitor in patient cancer biospecimen. Conclusions Although larger studies are necessary to confirm and further explore this tracer, we describe the promising performance of [18F]PARPi as a diagnostic tool to evaluate patients with brain cancers and possible treatment-related changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Young
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA.,The Brain Tumor Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Paula Demétrio De Souza França
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Giacomo Pirovano
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Anna F Piotrowski
- Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA.,The Brain Tumor Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Philip J Nicklin
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Christopher C Riedl
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jazmin Schwartz
- Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA.,Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - Tejus A Bale
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA.,The Brain Tumor Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Patrick L Donabedian
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Susanne Kossatz
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Eva M Burnazi
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Sheryl Roberts
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Serge K Lyashchenko
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Alexandra M Miller
- Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA.,The Brain Tumor Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Nelson S Moss
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Metastasis Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Megan Fiasconaro
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Zhigang Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Audrey Mauguen
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Thomas Reiner
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA.,Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA.,Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Mark P Dunphy
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
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43
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Li Z, Xiao Y, Peng J, Locke D, Holmes D, Li L, Hamilton S, Cook E, Myer L, Vanderwall D, Cloutier N, Siddiqui AM, Whitehead P, Bishop R, Zhao L, Cvijic ME. Quantifying drug tissue biodistribution by integrating high content screening with deep-learning analysis. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14408. [PMID: 32873881 PMCID: PMC7463244 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71347-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Quantitatively determining in vivo achievable drug concentrations in targeted organs of animal models and subsequent target engagement confirmation is a challenge to drug discovery and translation due to lack of bioassay technologies that can discriminate drug binding with different mechanisms. We have developed a multiplexed and high-throughput method to quantify drug distribution in tissues by integrating high content screening (HCS) with U-Net based deep learning (DL) image analysis models. This technology combination allowed direct visualization and quantification of biologics drug binding in targeted tissues with cellular resolution, thus enabling biologists to objectively determine drug binding kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuyin Li
- Lead Discovery and Optimization, Bristol-Myers Squibb, 3551 Lawrenceville Road, Princeton, NJ, 08540, USA.
| | - Youping Xiao
- Information Technology for R&D, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Jia Peng
- Lead Discovery and Optimization, Bristol-Myers Squibb, 3551 Lawrenceville Road, Princeton, NJ, 08540, USA
| | - Darren Locke
- Translational Medicine, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Derek Holmes
- Immunoscience Biology Discovery, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Lei Li
- Lead Discovery and Optimization, Bristol-Myers Squibb, 3551 Lawrenceville Road, Princeton, NJ, 08540, USA
| | - Shannon Hamilton
- Lead Discovery and Optimization, Bristol-Myers Squibb, 3551 Lawrenceville Road, Princeton, NJ, 08540, USA
| | - Erica Cook
- Lead Discovery and Optimization, Bristol-Myers Squibb, 3551 Lawrenceville Road, Princeton, NJ, 08540, USA
| | - Larnie Myer
- Lead Discovery and Optimization, Bristol-Myers Squibb, 3551 Lawrenceville Road, Princeton, NJ, 08540, USA
| | - Dana Vanderwall
- Information Technology for R&D, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Normand Cloutier
- Information Technology for R&D, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Akbar M Siddiqui
- Information Technology for R&D, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Paul Whitehead
- Information Technology for R&D, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Richard Bishop
- Information Technology for R&D, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Lei Zhao
- Cardiovascular Translational Research, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Hopewell, NJ, USA
| | - Mary Ellen Cvijic
- Lead Discovery and Optimization, Bristol-Myers Squibb, 3551 Lawrenceville Road, Princeton, NJ, 08540, USA
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44
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Harrision D, Gravells P, Thompson R, Bryant HE. Poly(ADP-Ribose) Glycohydrolase (PARG) vs. Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase (PARP) - Function in Genome Maintenance and Relevance of Inhibitors for Anti-cancer Therapy. Front Mol Biosci 2020; 7:191. [PMID: 33005627 PMCID: PMC7485115 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2020.00191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs) are a family of enzymes that catalyze the addition of poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR) subunits onto themselves and other acceptor proteins. PARPs are known to function in a large range of cellular processes including DNA repair, DNA replication, transcription and modulation of chromatin structure. Inhibition of PARP holds great potential for therapy, especially in cancer. Several PARP1/2/3 inhibitors (PARPi) have had success in treating ovarian, breast and prostate tumors harboring defects in the homologous recombination (HR) DNA repair pathway, especially BRCA1/2 mutated tumors. However, treatment is limited to specific sub-groups of patients and resistance can occur, limiting the use of PARPi. Poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase (PARG) reverses the action of PARP enzymes, hydrolysing the ribose-ribose bonds present in poly(ADP-ribose). Like PARPs, PARG is involved in DNA replication and repair and PARG depleted/inhibited cells show increased sensitivity to DNA damaging agents. They also display an accumulation of perturbed replication intermediates which can lead to synthetic lethality in certain contexts. In addition, PARG is thought to play an important role in preventing the accumulation of cytoplasmic PAR and therefore parthanatos, a caspase-independent PAR-mediated type of cell death. In contrast to PARP, the therapeutic potential of PARG has been largely ignored. However, several recent papers have demonstrated the exciting possibilities that inhibitors of this enzyme may have for cancer treatment, both as single agents and in combination with cytotoxic drugs and radiotherapy. This article discusses what is known about the functions of PARP and PARG and the potential future implications of pharmacological inhibition in anti-cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Harrision
- Academic Unit of Molecular Oncology, Sheffield Institute for Nucleic Acids (SInFoNiA), Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Polly Gravells
- Academic Unit of Molecular Oncology, Sheffield Institute for Nucleic Acids (SInFoNiA), Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Ruth Thompson
- Academic Unit of Molecular Oncology, Sheffield Institute for Nucleic Acids (SInFoNiA), Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Helen E Bryant
- Academic Unit of Molecular Oncology, Sheffield Institute for Nucleic Acids (SInFoNiA), Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
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Demétrio de Souza França P, Guru N, Roberts S, Kossatz S, Mason C, Abrahão M, Ghossein RA, Patel SG, Reiner T. Fluorescence-guided resection of tumors in mouse models of oral cancer. Sci Rep 2020; 10:11175. [PMID: 32636416 PMCID: PMC7341853 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67958-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Complete removal and negative margins are the goal of any surgical resection of primary oral cavity carcinoma. Current approaches to determine tumor boundaries rely heavily on surgeons' expertise, and final histopathological reports are usually only available days after surgery, precluding contemporaneous re-assessment of positive margins. Intraoperative optical imaging could address this unmet clinical need. Using mouse models of oral cavity carcinoma, we demonstrated that PARPi-FL, a fluorescent PARP inhibitor targeting the enzyme PARP1/2, can delineate oral cancer and accurately identify positive margins, both macroscopically and at cellular resolution. PARPi-FL also allowed identification of compromised margins based on fluorescence hotspots, which were not seen in margin-negative resections and control tongues. PARPi-FL was further able to differentiate tumor from low-grade dysplasia. Intravenous injection of PARPi-FL has significant potential for clinical translation and could aid surgeons in assessing oral cancer margins in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Demétrio de Souza França
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Navjot Guru
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Sheryl Roberts
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Susanne Kossatz
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Mason
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Marcio Abrahão
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ronald A Ghossein
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Snehal G Patel
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Thomas Reiner
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
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46
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Advancements in PARP1 Targeted Nuclear Imaging and Theranostic Probes. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9072130. [PMID: 32640708 PMCID: PMC7408801 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9072130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The central paradigm of novel therapeutic approaches in cancer therapy is identifying and targeting molecular biomarkers. One such target is the nuclear DNA repair enzyme Poly-(ADP ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1). Sensitivity to PARP inhibition in certain cancers such as gBRCAmut breast and ovarian cancers has led to its exploitation as a target. The overexpression of PARP1 in several types of cancer further evoked interest in its use as an imaging target. While PARP1-targeted inhibitors have fast developed and approved in this past decade, determination of PARP1 expression might help to predict the response to PARP inhibitor treatment. This has the potential of improving prognosis and moving towards tailored therapy options and/or dosages. This review summarizes the recent pre-clinical advancements in imaging and theranostic PARP1 targeted tracers. To assess PARP1 levels, several imaging probes with fluorescent or beta/gamma emitting radionuclides have been proposed and three have advanced to ongoing clinical evaluation. Apart from its diagnostic value in detection of primary tumors as well as metastases, this shall also help in delivering therapeutic radionuclides to PARP1 overexpressing tumors. Henceforth nuclear medicine has now advanced towards conjugating theranostic radionuclides to PARP1 inhibitors. This paves the way for a future of PARP1-targeted theranostics and personalized therapy.
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47
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Wilson TC, Pillarsetty N, Reiner T. A one-pot radiosynthesis of [ 18 F]PARPi. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2020; 63:419-425. [PMID: 32391930 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we disclose a new strategy for the radiosynthesis of [18 F]PARPi from the corresponding, boc-protected, nitro-precursor. Using a two-step procedure, [18 F]PARPi could be isolated in radiochemical yields up to 9.6%. The reaction proceeds via an efficient one-pot, two-step process, allowing for simplification over previous methods that require complex multi-step, multi-pot strategies to be implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas C Wilson
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Nagavarakishore Pillarsetty
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - Thomas Reiner
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA.,Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
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48
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Demétrio de Souza França P, Roberts S, Kossatz S, Guru N, Mason C, Zanoni DK, Abrahão M, Schöder H, Ganly I, Patel SG, Reiner T. Fluorine-18 labeled poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase1 inhibitor as a potential alternative to 2-deoxy-2-[ 18F]fluoro-d-glucose positron emission tomography in oral cancer imaging. Nucl Med Biol 2020; 84-85:80-87. [PMID: 32135475 PMCID: PMC7253343 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2020.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The evaluation of disease extent and post-therapy surveillance of head and neck cancer using 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-d-glucose ([18F]FDG) PET is often complicated by physiological uptake in normal tissues of the head and neck region, especially after surgery or radiotherapy. However, irrespective of low positive predictive values, [18F]FDG PET remains the standard of care to stage the disease and monitor recurrences. Here, we report the preclinical use of a targeted poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase1 (PARP1) binding PET tracer, fluorine-18 labeled poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase1 inhibitor ([18F]PARPi), as a potential alternative with greater specificity. METHODS Using an orthotopic xenograft mouse model injected with either FaDu or Cal 27 (human squamous cell carcinoma cell lines) we performed PET/CT scans with the 2 tracers and compared the results. Gamma counts and autoradiography were also assessed and correlated with histology. RESULTS The average retained activity of [18F]PARPi across cell lines in tumor-bearing tongues was 0.9 ± 0.3%ID/g, 4.1 times higher than in control (0.2 ± 0.04%ID/g). Autoradiography and histology confirmed that the activity arose almost exclusively from the tumor areas, with a signal/normal tissue around a ratio of 42.9 ± 21.4. In vivo, [18F]PARPi-PET allowed delineation of tumor from healthy tissue (p < .005), whereas [18F]FDG failed to do so (p = .209). CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR PATIENT CARE We demonstrate that [18F]PARPi is more specific to tongue tumor tissue than [18F]FDG. [18F]PARPi PET allows for the straightforward delineation of oral cancer in mouse models, suggesting that clinical translation could result in improved imaging of head and neck cancer when compared to [18F]FDG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Demétrio de Souza França
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Federal University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Sheryl Roberts
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Susanne Kossatz
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Navjot Guru
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Christian Mason
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
| | | | - Marcio Abrahão
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Federal University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Heiko Schöder
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Ian Ganly
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Snehal G Patel
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Thomas Reiner
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA; Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
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49
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Vikas P, Borcherding N, Chennamadhavuni A, Garje R. Therapeutic Potential of Combining PARP Inhibitor and Immunotherapy in Solid Tumors. Front Oncol 2020; 10:570. [PMID: 32457830 PMCID: PMC7228136 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy has revolutionized the treatment of both hematological malignancies and solid tumors. The use of immunotherapy has improved outcome for patients with cancer across multiple tumor types, including lung, melanoma, ovarian, genitourinary, and more recently breast cancer with durable responses seen even in patients with widespread metastatic disease. Despite the promising results, immunotherapy still helps only a subset of patients due to overall low response rates. Moreover, the response to immunotherapy is highly cancer specific and results have not been as promising in cancers that are considered less immunogenic. The strategies to improve immunotherapy responses have focused on biomarker selection, like PD-L1 status, and usage of combinatorial agents, such as chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and radiotherapy. Of particular interest, DNA-damaging agents have the potential to enhance the response to immunotherapy by promoting neoantigen release, increasing tumor mutational burden, and enhancing PD-L1 expression. Poly-ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitors are one such class of drugs that has shown synergy with immunotherapy in preclinical and early clinical studies. PARP-based therapies work through the inhibition of single-strand DNA repair leading to DNA damage, increased tumor mutational burden, making the tumor a more attractive target for immunotherapy. Of the solid tumors reviewed, breast, ovarian, and prostate cancers have demonstrated efficacy in the combination of PARP inhibition and immunotherapy, predominately in BRCA-mutated tumors. However, initial investigations into wildtype BRCA and gastrointestinal tumors have shown moderate overall response or disease control rates, dependent on the tumor type. In contrast, although a number of clinical trials underway, there is a paucity of published results for the use of the combination in lung or urothelial cancers. Overall this article focuses on the promise of combinatorial PARP inhibition and immunotherapy to improve patient outcomes in solid tumors, summarizing both early results and looking toward ongoing trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praveen Vikas
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa, IA, United States
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, Iowa city, IA, United States
| | - Nicholas Borcherding
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, Iowa city, IA, United States
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa, IA, United States
- Cancer Biology Graduate Program, College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa, IA, United States
- Medical Scientist Training Program, College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa, IA, United States
| | - Adithya Chennamadhavuni
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa, IA, United States
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, Iowa city, IA, United States
| | - Rohan Garje
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa, IA, United States
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, Iowa city, IA, United States
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50
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Jannetti SA, Zeglis BM, Zalutsky MR, Reiner T. Poly(ADP-Ribose)Polymerase (PARP) Inhibitors and Radiation Therapy. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:170. [PMID: 32194409 PMCID: PMC7062869 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase-1 (PARP1) is a DNA repair enzyme highly expressed in the nuclei of mammalian cells, with a structure and function that have attracted interest since its discovery. PARP inhibitors, moreover, can be used to induce synthetic lethality in cells where the homologous recombination (HR) pathway is deficient. Several small molecule PARP inhibitors have been approved by the FDA for multiple cancers bearing this deficiency These PARP inhibitors also act as radiosensitizing agents by delaying single strand break (SSB) repair and causing subsequent double strand break (DSB) generation, a concept that has been leveraged in various preclinical models of combination therapy with PARP inhibitors and ionizing radiation. Researchers have determined the efficacy of various PARP inhibitors at sub-cytotoxic concentrations in radiosensitizing multiple human cancer cell lines to ionizing radiation. Furthermore, several groups have begun evaluating combination therapy strategies in mouse models of cancer, and a fluorescent imaging agent that allows for subcellular imaging in real time has been developed from a PARP inhibitor scaffold. Other PARP inhibitor scaffolds have been radiolabeled to create PET imaging agents, some of which have also entered clinical trials. Most recently, these highly targeted small molecules have been radiolabeled with therapeutic isotopes to create radiotherapeutics and radiotheranostics in cancers whose primary interventions are surgical resection and whole-body radiotherapy. In this review we discuss the utilization of these small molecules in combination therapies and in scaffolds for imaging agents, radiotherapeutics, and radiotheranostics. Development of these radiolabeled PARP inhibitors has presented promising results for new interventions in the fight against some of the most intractable cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen A. Jannetti
- Department of Biochemistry, Hunter College, New York, NY, United States
- Ph.D. Program in Biochemistry, CUNY Graduate Center, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Brian M. Zeglis
- Department of Biochemistry, Hunter College, New York, NY, United States
- Ph.D. Program in Biochemistry, CUNY Graduate Center, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
- Ph.D. Program in Chemistry, CUNY Graduate Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Michael R. Zalutsky
- Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Thomas Reiner
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
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