1
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Zhang T, Chen Z, Zhang W, Wang L, Yu G. Recent Progress of Fluorinated Conjugated Polymers. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2403961. [PMID: 38830614 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202403961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, conjugated polymers have received widespread attention due to their characteristic advantages of light weight, favorable solution processability, and structural modifiability. Among various conjugated polymers, fluorinated ones have developed rapidly to achieve high-performance n-type or ambipolar polymeric semiconductors. The uniqueness of fluorinated conjugated polymers contains the high coplanarity of their structures, lower frontier molecular orbital energy levels, and strong nonbonding interactions. In this review, first the fluorinated building blocks, including fluorinated benzene and thiophene rings, fluorinated B←N bridged units, and fluoroalkyl side chains are summarized. Subsequently, different synthetic methods of fluorinated conjugated polymers are described, with a special focus on their respective advantages and disadvantages. Then, with these numerous fluorinated structures and appropriate synthetic methods bear in mind, the properties and applications of the fluorinated conjugated polymers, such as cyclopentadithiophene-, amide-, and imide-based polymers, and B←N embedded polymers, are systematically discussed. The introduction of fluorine atoms can further enhance the electron-deficiency of the backbone, influencing the charge carrier transport performance. The promising fluorinated conjugated polymers are applied widely in organic field-effect transistors, organic solar cells, organic thermoelectric devices, and other organic opto-electric devices. Finally, the outlook on the challenges and future development of fluorinated conjugated polymers is systematically discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianhao Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Zhihui Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Weifeng Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Liping Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Gui Yu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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2
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Chen W, Wen LQ, Lu XB, Zhou H. Iron-catalyzed selective construction of indole derivatives via oxidative C(sp 3)-H functionalization of indolin-2-ones. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:3073-3079. [PMID: 38563186 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00133h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Considering the importance of developing powerful catalysts and the pharmacophore characteristics of indole derivatives, we describe a switchable approach for the iron-catalyzed oxidative C(sp3)-H functionalization of indolin-2-ones. Selective transformations displayed excellent activity and chemoselectivity using FeCl2 as the catalyst, air as the oxidant, and alcohol as the solvent. By manipulating the reaction conditions, particularly the choice of solvent, catalyst loading, and reaction sequence, a series of valuable indole derivatives, including isatins and symmetrical and nonsymmetrical isoindigos, were selectively synthesized in good to excellent yields. Furthermore, the gram-scale synthesis of compounds with biological anticancer activity under simple conditions highlights their great potential in practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
| | - Lang-Qi Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
| | - Xiao-Bing Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
| | - Hui Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
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3
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Li M, Xiao Y, Deng P, Yu Y. Near-Infrared Absorbing Para-Azaquinodimethane Conjugated Polymers Synthesized via the Transition-Metal-Free Route toward Efficient Photothermal Conversion. Macromol Rapid Commun 2024; 45:e2300648. [PMID: 38228154 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202300648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Conjugated polymers with strong absorption in the second near-infrared (NIR-II) window have multiple applications. However, the development of new type of NIR-II conjugated polymers via facile and green methods remains challenging. Herein, this work reports a mild and convenient transition-metal-free method to synthesize near-infrared absorbing quinoidal conjugated polymers containing para-azaquinodimethane (AQM) moieties. The AQM quinoidal conjugated polymers with unique molecular structures and tunable optoelectronic properties can be synthesized by combining the Knoevenagel polycondensation of aromatic dialdehyde monomers with commercially available 1,4-diacetyl-2,5-piperazinedione and the following alkylation reaction. The resultant polymer PQ-DPP shows remarkable NIR-II absorption with a narrow band gap of about 1.08 eV. PQ-DPP nanoparticles exhibit high photothermal conversion efficiency of up to 48% under 1064 nm laser irradiation (1 W cm-2) endowing this polymer with potential in bio-related applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Li
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Technologies, International (HongKong Macao and Taiwan) Joint Laboratory on Advanced Materials Technologies, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, China
| | - Yufa Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Technologies, International (HongKong Macao and Taiwan) Joint Laboratory on Advanced Materials Technologies, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, China
| | - Ping Deng
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Technologies, International (HongKong Macao and Taiwan) Joint Laboratory on Advanced Materials Technologies, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, China
| | - Yan Yu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Technologies, International (HongKong Macao and Taiwan) Joint Laboratory on Advanced Materials Technologies, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, China
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4
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Zhu X, Duan J, Chen J, Liu R, Qin Z, Chen H, Yue W. Aldol Condensation for the Construction of Organic Functional Materials. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202311879. [PMID: 37711068 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202311879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Aldol condensation is a cost-effective and sustainable synthetic method, offering the advantages of low complexity, substrate universality, and high efficiency. Over the past decade, it has become popular for creating next-generation organic functional materials, particularly rigid-rod conjugated (semi)conductors. This review focuses on conjugated small molecules, oligomers, and polymeric (semi)conductors synthesized through aldol condensation, with emphasis on their remarkable features in advancing n-type organic field-effect transistors (OFETs), organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs), organic photovoltaics (OPVs), and organic thermoelectrics (OTEs) as well as NIR-II photothermal conversion. Coherence character, optical properties, microstructure, and chain conformation are investigated to understand material-property relationships. Future applications and challenges in this area are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuyuan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials and Wearable Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
| | - Jiayao Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials and Wearable Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
| | - Junxin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials and Wearable Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
| | - Riping Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials and Wearable Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
| | - Ze Qin
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Interdisciplinary Science for Advanced Materials and Large-Scale Scientific Facilities, School of Physical Sciences, Great Bay University, Dongguan, 523000, P. R. China
- Great Bay Institute for Advanced Study, Dongguan, 523000, P. R. China
| | - Hu Chen
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Interdisciplinary Science for Advanced Materials and Large-Scale Scientific Facilities, School of Physical Sciences, Great Bay University, Dongguan, 523000, P. R. China
- Great Bay Institute for Advanced Study, Dongguan, 523000, P. R. China
| | - Wan Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials and Wearable Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
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5
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Carey RL, Giannini S, Schott S, Lemaur V, Xiao M, Prodhan S, Wang L, Bovoloni M, Quarti C, Beljonne D, Sirringhaus H. Spin relaxation of electron and hole polarons in ambipolar conjugated polymers. Nat Commun 2024; 15:288. [PMID: 38177094 PMCID: PMC10767019 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43505-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The charge-transport properties of conjugated polymers have been studied extensively for opto-electronic device applications. Some polymer semiconductors not only support the ambipolar transport of electrons and holes, but do so with comparable carrier mobilities. This opens the possibility of gaining deeper insight into the charge-transport physics of these complex materials via comparison between electron and hole dynamics while keeping other factors, such as polymer microstructure, equal. Here, we use field-induced electron spin resonance spectroscopy to compare the spin relaxation behavior of electron and hole polarons in three ambipolar conjugated polymers. Our experiments show unique relaxation regimes as a function of temperature for electrons and holes, whereby at lower temperatures electrons relax slower than holes, but at higher temperatures, in the so-called spin-shuttling regime, the trend is reversed. On the basis of theoretical simulations, we attribute this to differences in the delocalization of electron and hole wavefunctions and show that spin relaxation in the spin shuttling regimes provides a sensitive probe of the intimate coupling between charge and structural dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remington L Carey
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Samuele Giannini
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, University of Mons, 7000, Mons, Belgium
- Institute of Chemistry of OrganoMetallic Compounds, National Research Council (ICCOM-CNR), I-56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Sam Schott
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Vincent Lemaur
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, University of Mons, 7000, Mons, Belgium
| | - Mingfei Xiao
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Suryoday Prodhan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3BX, UK
| | - Linjun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Excited-State Materials of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Michelangelo Bovoloni
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, University of Mons, 7000, Mons, Belgium
| | - Claudio Quarti
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, University of Mons, 7000, Mons, Belgium
| | - David Beljonne
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, University of Mons, 7000, Mons, Belgium
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6
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Cheng Q, Chen H, Chen W, Ding J, Chen Z, Shen Y, Wu X, Wu Y, Li Y, Li Y. Green Solvent Processable, Asymmetric Dopant-Free Hole Transport Layer Material for Efficient and Stable n-i-p Perovskite Solar Cells and Modules. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202312231. [PMID: 37750462 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202312231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
The use of dopant-free hole transport layers (HTLs) is critical in stabilizing n-i-p perovskite solar cells (pero-SCs). However, these HTL materials are often processed with toxic solvents, which is not ideal for industrial production. Upon substituting them with green solvents, a trade-off emerges between maintaining the high crystallinity of the HTL materials and ensuring high solubility in the new solvents. In this paper, we designed a novel, linear, organic small molecule, BDT-C8-3O, by introducing an asymmetric polar oligo(ethylene glycol) side chain. This method not only overcomes the solubility limitations in green solvents but also enables stacking the conjugated main chains in two patterns, which further enhances crystallinity and hole mobility. As a result, the n-i-p pero-SCs based on chlorobenzene- or green (natural compound) solvent 3-methylcyclohexanone-processed BDT-C8-3O HTL that without any dopant delivered world-recorded power conversion efficiencies of 24.11 % (certified of 23.82 %) and 23.53 %, respectively. The devices also demonstrated remarkable operational and high-temperature stabilities, maintaining over 84 % and 79.5 % of their initial efficiency for 2000 h, respectively. Encouragingly, dopant-free BDT-C8-3O HTL exhibits significant advantages in large-area fabrication, achieving state-of-the-art PCEs exceeding 20 % for 5×5 cm2 modules (active area: 15.64 cm2 ), even when processed using green solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinrong Cheng
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Novel Semiconductor-optoelectronics Materials and Devices, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Haiyang Chen
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Novel Semiconductor-optoelectronics Materials and Devices, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Weijie Chen
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Novel Semiconductor-optoelectronics Materials and Devices, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Junyuan Ding
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Novel Semiconductor-optoelectronics Materials and Devices, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Ziyuan Chen
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Novel Semiconductor-optoelectronics Materials and Devices, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Yunxiu Shen
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Novel Semiconductor-optoelectronics Materials and Devices, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Wu
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Novel Semiconductor-optoelectronics Materials and Devices, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Yeyong Wu
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Novel Semiconductor-optoelectronics Materials and Devices, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Yaowen Li
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Novel Semiconductor-optoelectronics Materials and Devices, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Yongfang Li
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Novel Semiconductor-optoelectronics Materials and Devices, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
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7
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McCulloch I, Chabinyc M, Brabec C, Nielsen CB, Watkins SE. Sustainability considerations for organic electronic products. NATURE MATERIALS 2023; 22:1304-1310. [PMID: 37337071 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-023-01579-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
The development of organic electronic applications has reached a critical point. While markets, including the Internet of Things, transparent solar and flexible displays, gain momentum, organic light-emitting diode displays lead the way, with a current market size of over $25 billion, helping to create the infrastructure and ecosystem for other applications to follow. It is imperative to design built-in sustainability into the materials selection, processing and device architectures of all of these emerging applications, and to close the loop for a circular approach. In this Perspective, we evaluate the status of embedded carbon in organic electronics, as well as options for more sustainable materials and manufacturing, including engineered recycling solutions that can be applied within the product architecture and at the end of life. This emerging industry has a responsibility to ensure a 'cradle-to-cradle' approach. We highlight that ease of dismantling and recycling needs to closely relate to the product lifetime, and that regeneration should be facilitated in product design. Materials choices should consider the environmental effects of synthesis, processing and end-product recycling as well as performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iain McCulloch
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- KAUST Solar Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Michael Chabinyc
- Materials Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Christoph Brabec
- Helmholtz Institute Erlangen Nürnberg, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Material Science, Institute for Electronic Materials and Energy Technology, Friedrich Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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8
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Duan J, Zhu G, Chen J, Zhang C, Zhu X, Liao H, Li Z, Hu H, McCulloch I, Nielsen CB, Yue W. Highly Efficient Mixed Conduction in a Fused Oligomer n-Type Organic Semiconductor Enabled by 3D Transport Pathways. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023:e2300252. [PMID: 36918256 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202300252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Tailoring organic semiconductors to facilitate mixed conduction of ionic and electronic charges when interfaced with an aqueous media has spurred many recent advances in organic bioelectronics. The field is still restricted, however, by very few n-type (electron-transporting) organic semiconductors with adequate performance metrics. Here, a new electron-deficient, fused polycyclic aromatic system, TNR, is reported with excellent n-type mixed conduction properties including a µC* figure-of-merit value exceeding 30 F cm-1 V-1 s-1 for the best performing derivative. Comprising three naphthalene bis-isatin moieties, this new molecular design builds on successful small-molecule mixed conductors; by extending the molecular scaffold into the oligomer domain, good film-forming properties, strong π-π interactions, and consequently excellent charge-transport properties are obtained. Through judicious optimization of the side chains, the linear oligoether and branched alkyl chain derivative bgTNR is obtained which shows superior mixed conduction in an organic electrochemical transistor configuration including an electron mobility around 0.3 cm2 V-1 s-1 . By optimizing the side chains, the dominant molecular packing can be changed from a preferential edge-on orientation (with high charge-transport anisotropy) to an oblique orientation that can support 3D transport pathways which in turn ensure highly efficient mixed conduction properties across the bulk semiconductor film.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayao Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials and Wearable Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
| | - Genming Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials and Wearable Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
| | - Junxin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials and Wearable Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
| | - Chenyang Zhang
- Hoffman Institute of Advanced Materials, Shenzhen Polytechnic, 7098 Liuxian Boulevard, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Xiuyuan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials and Wearable Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
| | - Hailiang Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials and Wearable Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
| | - Zhengke Li
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials and Wearable Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
| | - Hanlin Hu
- Hoffman Institute of Advanced Materials, Shenzhen Polytechnic, 7098 Liuxian Boulevard, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Iain McCulloch
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Christian B Nielsen
- Department of Chemistry, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, UK
| | - Wan Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials and Wearable Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
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9
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West SM, Tran DK, Guo J, Chen SE, Ginger DS, Jenekhe SA. Phenazine-Substituted Poly(benzimidazobenzophenanthrolinedione): Electronic Structure, Thin Film Morphology, Electron Transport, and Mechanical Properties of an n-Type Semiconducting Ladder Polymer. Macromolecules 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c01999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M. West
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1750, United States
| | - Duyen K. Tran
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1750, United States
| | - Jiajie Guo
- Molecular Engineering and Science Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Shinya E. Chen
- Molecular Engineering and Science Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - David S. Ginger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1750, United States
| | - Samson A. Jenekhe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1750, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1750, United States
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10
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Zhang Y, Wang Y, Gao C, Ni Z, Zhang X, Hu W, Dong H. Recent advances in n-type and ambipolar organic semiconductors and their multi-functional applications. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:1331-1381. [PMID: 36723084 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00720g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Organic semiconductors have received broad attention and research interest due to their unique integration of semiconducting properties with structural tunability, intrinsic flexibiltiy and low cost. In order to meet the requirements of organic electronic devices and their integrated circuits, p-type, n-type and ambipolar organic semiconductors are all necessary. However, due to the limitation in both material synthesis and device fabrication, the development of n-type and ambipolar materials is quite behind that of p-type materials. Recent development in synthetic methods of organic semiconductors greatly enriches the range of n-type and ambipolar materials. Moreover, the newly developed materials with multiple functions also put forward multi-functional device applications, including some emerging research areas. In this review, we give a timely summary on these impressive advances in n-type and ambipolar organic semiconductors with a special focus on their synthesis methods and advanced materials with enhanced properties of charge carrier mobility, integration of high mobility and strong emission and thermoelectric properties. Finally, multi-functional device applications are further demonstrated as an example of these developed n-type and ambipolar materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihan Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China. .,School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yongshuai Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China. .,School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Can Gao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Zhenjie Ni
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaotao Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Wenping Hu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University & Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, China.,Department of Functional Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.,Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, Fuzhou International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou 350207, China
| | - Huanli Dong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China. .,School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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11
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Duan J, Zhu G, Lan L, Chen J, Zhu X, Chen C, Yu Y, Liao H, Li Z, McCulloch I, Yue W. Electron-Deficient Polycyclic Molecules via Ring Fusion for n-Type Organic Electrochemical Transistors. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202213737. [PMID: 36349830 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202213737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The primary challenge for n-type small-molecule organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) is to improve their electron mobilities and thus the key figure of merit μC*. Nevertheless, few reports in OECTs have specially proposed to address this issue. Herein, we report a 10-ring-fused polycyclic π-system consisting of the core of naphthalene bis-isatin dimer and the terminal moieties of rhodanine, which features intramolecular noncovalent interactions, high π-delocalization and strong electron-deficient characteristics. We find that this extended π-conjugated system using the ring fusion strategy displays improved electron mobilities up to 0.043 cm2 V-1 s-1 compared to our previously reported small molecule gNR, and thereby leads to a remarkable μC* of 10.3 F cm-1 V-1 s-1 in n-type OECTs, which is the highest value reported to date for small-molecule OECTs. This work highlights the importance of π-conjugation extension in polycyclic-fused molecules for enhancing the performance of n-type small-molecule OECTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayao Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials and Wearable Devices, School of Materials and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Genming Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials and Wearable Devices, School of Materials and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Liuyuan Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials and Wearable Devices, School of Materials and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Junxin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials and Wearable Devices, School of Materials and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Xiuyuan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials and Wearable Devices, School of Materials and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Chaoyue Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials and Wearable Devices, School of Materials and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Yaping Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials and Wearable Devices, School of Materials and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Hailiang Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials and Wearable Devices, School of Materials and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Zhengke Li
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials and Wearable Devices, School of Materials and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Iain McCulloch
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Wan Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials and Wearable Devices, School of Materials and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
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12
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Lu D, Zou X, Li C. Advances in the application of named reactions in polymer synthesis. HIGH PERFORM POLYM 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/09540083221143691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
With the development of polymer science, more and more named reactions have been applied to synthesizing polymers. Introducing new reactions into polymer synthesis is undoubtedly an excellent expansion for monomer and polymer libraries. In this review, the named reactions employed in polymer-chain synthesis were divided into seven types: electrophilic reactions, nucleophilic reactions, transition metal-mediated cross-coupling reactions, free radical reactions, pericyclic reactions, multi-component reactions and rearrangement reactions. The discussion was mainly focused on the progress in the utilization of these named reactions in polymer synthesis, which could be a valuable reference for researchers in the polymer field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Lu
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Xudong Zou
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
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13
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Controlling morphology and microstructure of conjugated polymers via solution-state aggregation. Prog Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2022.101626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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14
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Crystallization of D-A Conjugated Polymers: A Review of Recent Research. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14214612. [DOI: 10.3390/polym14214612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
D-A conjugated polymers are key materials for organic solar cells and organic thin-film transistors, and their film structure is one of the most important factors in determining device performance. The formation of film structure largely depends on the crystallization process, but the crystallization of D-A conjugated polymers is not well understood. In this review, we attempted to achieve a clearer understanding of the crystallization of D-A conjugated polymers. We first summarized the features of D-A conjugated polymers, which can affect their crystallization process. Then, the crystallization process of D-A conjugated polymers was discussed, including the possible chain conformations in the solution as well as the nucleation and growth processes. After that, the crystal structure of D-A conjugated polymers, including the molecular orientation and polymorphism, was reviewed. We proposed that the nucleation process and the orientation of the nuclei on the substrate are critical for the crystal structure. Finally, we summarized the possible crystal morphologies of D-A conjugated polymers and explained their formation process in terms of nucleation and growth processes. This review provides fundamental knowledge on how to manipulate the crystallization process of D-A conjugated polymers to regulate their film structure.
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15
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Chen W, Lu X, Zhou H. Base‐catalyzed Sulfurative Condensation of 2‐Oxoindoles to Isoindigos Using Elemental Sulfur. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202200430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 China
| | - Xiao‐Bing Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 China
| | - Hui Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 China
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16
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Zhang Q, Huang J, Wang K, Huang W. Recent Structural Engineering of Polymer Semiconductors Incorporating Hydrogen Bonds. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2110639. [PMID: 35261083 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202110639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Highly planar, extended π-electron organic conjugated polymers have been increasingly attractive for achieving high-mobility organic semiconductors. In addition to the conventional strategy to construct rigid backbone by covalent bonds, hydrogen bond has been employed extensively to increase the planarity and rigidity of polymer via intramolecular noncovalent interactions. This review provides a general summary of high-mobility semiconducting polymers incorporating hydrogen bonds in field-effect transistors over recent years. The structural engineering of the hydrogen bond-containing building blocks and the discussion of theoretical simulation, microstructural characterization, and device performance are covered. Additionally, the effects of the introduction of hydrogen bond on self-healing, stretchability, chemical sensitivity, and mechanical properties are also discussed. The review aims to help and inspire design of new high-mobility conjugated polymers with superiority of mechanical flexibility by incorporation of hydrogen bond for the application in flexible electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhang
- Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Jianyao Huang
- CAS key Laboratory of Organic Solids, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Kai Wang
- Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Wei Huang
- Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
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17
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Zhang C, Tan WL, Liu Z, He Q, Li Y, Ma J, Chesman ASR, Han Y, McNeill CR, Heeney M, Fei Z. High-Performance Unipolar n-Type Conjugated Polymers Enabled by Highly Electron-Deficient Building Blocks Containing F and CN Groups. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chan Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Department of Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Wen Liang Tan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Zhongwei Liu
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Department of Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Qiao He
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Plastic Electronics, White City Campus, Imperial College London, London W120BZ, U.K
| | - Yanru Li
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Department of Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Jianeng Ma
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Department of Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin 300192, China
| | | | - Yang Han
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Christopher R. McNeill
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Martin Heeney
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Plastic Electronics, White City Campus, Imperial College London, London W120BZ, U.K
| | - Zhuping Fei
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Department of Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin 300192, China
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18
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Dobryden I, Korolkov VV, Lemaur V, Waldrip M, Un HI, Simatos D, Spalek LJ, Jurchescu OD, Olivier Y, Claesson PM, Venkateshvaran D. Dynamic self-stabilization in the electronic and nanomechanical properties of an organic polymer semiconductor. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3076. [PMID: 35654891 PMCID: PMC9163058 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30801-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The field of organic electronics has profited from the discovery of new conjugated semiconducting polymers that have molecular backbones which exhibit resilience to conformational fluctuations, accompanied by charge carrier mobilities that routinely cross the 1 cm2/Vs benchmark. One such polymer is indacenodithiophene-co-benzothiadiazole. Previously understood to be lacking in microstructural order, we show here direct evidence of nanosized domains of high order in its thin films. We also demonstrate that its device-based high-performance electrical and thermoelectric properties are not intrinsic but undergo rapid stabilization following a burst of ambient air exposure. The polymer's nanomechanical properties equilibrate on longer timescales owing to an orthogonal mechanism; the gradual sweating-out of residual low molecular weight solvent molecules from its surface. We snapshot the quasistatic temporal evolution of the electrical, thermoelectric and nanomechanical properties of this prototypical organic semiconductor and investigate the subtleties which play on competing timescales. Our study documents the untold and often overlooked story of a polymer device's dynamic evolution toward stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Illia Dobryden
- Division of Surface and Corrosion Science, Department of Chemistry, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Drottning Kristinas väg 51, SE-100 44, Stockholm, Sweden
- Experimental Physics, Division of Materials Science, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Luleå University of Technology, SE-971 87, Luleå, Sweden
| | - Vladimir V Korolkov
- Park Systems UK Limited, MediCity Nottingham, Thane Road, NG90 6BH, Nottingham, UK.
| | - Vincent Lemaur
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, University of Mons, Place du Parc 20, B-7000, Mons, Belgium
| | - Matthew Waldrip
- Department of Physics and Center for Functional Materials, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, 27109, USA
| | - Hio-Ieng Un
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, CB3 0HE, Cambridge, UK
| | - Dimitrios Simatos
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, CB3 0HE, Cambridge, UK
| | - Leszek J Spalek
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, CB3 0HE, Cambridge, UK
| | - Oana D Jurchescu
- Department of Physics and Center for Functional Materials, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, 27109, USA
| | - Yoann Olivier
- Laboratory for Computational Modelling of Functional Materials, Namur Institute of Structured Matter, Université de Namur, Rue de Bruxelles, 61, B-5000, Namur, Belgium
| | - Per M Claesson
- Division of Surface and Corrosion Science, Department of Chemistry, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Drottning Kristinas väg 51, SE-100 44, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Deepak Venkateshvaran
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, CB3 0HE, Cambridge, UK.
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19
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A thriving decade: rational design, green synthesis, and cutting-edge applications of isoindigo-based conjugated polymers in organic field-effect transistors. Sci China Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-022-1239-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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20
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Marks A, Chen X, Wu R, Rashid RB, Jin W, Paulsen BD, Moser M, Ji X, Griggs S, Meli D, Wu X, Bristow H, Strzalka J, Gasparini N, Costantini G, Fabiano S, Rivnay J, McCulloch I. Synthetic Nuances to Maximize n-Type Organic Electrochemical Transistor and Thermoelectric Performance in Fused Lactam Polymers. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:4642-4656. [PMID: 35257589 PMCID: PMC9084553 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c00735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
![]()
A series
of fully fused n-type mixed conduction lactam polymers p(g7NCnN), systematically increasing
the alkyl side chain content, are synthesized via an inexpensive,
nontoxic, precious-metal-free aldol polycondensation. Employing these
polymers as channel materials in organic electrochemical transistors
(OECTs) affords state-of-the-art n-type performance with p(g7NC10N) recording an OECT electron mobility of 1.20 ×
10–2 cm2 V–1 s–1 and a μC* figure of merit
of 1.83 F cm–1 V–1 s–1. In parallel to high OECT performance, upon solution doping with
(4-(1,3-dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl)phenyl)dimethylamine
(N-DMBI), the highest thermoelectric performance is observed for p(g7NC4N), with a maximum electrical conductivity of
7.67 S cm–1 and a power factor of 10.4 μW
m–1 K–2. These results are among
the highest reported for n-type polymers. Importantly, while this
series of fused polylactam organic mixed ionic–electronic conductors
(OMIECs) highlights that synthetic molecular design strategies to
bolster OECT performance can be translated to also achieve high organic
thermoelectric (OTE) performance, a nuanced synthetic approach must
be used to optimize performance. Herein, we outline the performance
metrics and provide new insights into the molecular design guidelines
for the next generation of high-performance n-type materials for mixed
conduction applications, presenting for the first time the results
of a single polymer series within both OECT and OTE applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Marks
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Xingxing Chen
- KAUST Solar Center (KSC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ruiheng Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Reem B Rashid
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Wenlong Jin
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, NorrköpingSE-60174, Sweden
| | - Bryan D Paulsen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Maximilian Moser
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Xudong Ji
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Sophie Griggs
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Dilara Meli
- Department of Material Science, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Xiaocui Wu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K
| | - Helen Bristow
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Joseph Strzalka
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Nicola Gasparini
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, U.K
| | | | - Simone Fabiano
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, NorrköpingSE-60174, Sweden
| | - Jonathan Rivnay
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Iain McCulloch
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
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21
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Friday DM, Jackson NE. Modeling the Interplay of Conformational and Electronic Structure in Conjugated Polyelectrolytes. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David M. Friday
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, 505 S Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Nicholas E. Jackson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, 505 S Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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22
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Alsufyani M, Stoeckel M, Chen X, Thorley K, Hallani RK, Puttisong Y, Ji X, Meli D, Paulsen BD, Strzalka J, Regeta K, Combe C, Chen H, Tian J, Rivnay J, Fabiano S, McCulloch I. Lactone Backbone Density in Rigid Electron‐Deficient Semiconducting Polymers Enabling High n‐type Organic Thermoelectric Performance. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202113078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Xingxing Chen
- Physical Science and Engineering Division King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
| | - Karl Thorley
- Department of Chemistry University of Kentucky Lexington KY 40506-0055 USA
| | - Rawad K. Hallani
- Physical Science and Engineering Division King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
| | - Yuttapoom Puttisong
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology Linköping University 58183 Linköping Sweden
| | - Xudong Ji
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Department of Materials Science and Engineering Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan Road Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Dilara Meli
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Department of Materials Science and Engineering Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan Road Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Bryan D. Paulsen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Department of Materials Science and Engineering Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan Road Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Joseph Strzalka
- X-Ray Science Division Argonne National Laboratory Lemont IL 60439 USA
| | - Khrystyna Regeta
- Physical Science and Engineering Division King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
| | - Craig Combe
- Physical Science and Engineering Division King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
| | - Hu Chen
- Physical Science and Engineering Division King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
| | - Junfu Tian
- Department of Chemistry University of Oxford Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Jonathan Rivnay
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Department of Materials Science and Engineering Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan Road Evanston IL 60208 USA
- Simpson Querrey Institute Northwestern University Chicago IL 60611 USA
| | - Simone Fabiano
- Department of Science and Technology Linköping University 60174 Norrköping Sweden
| | - Iain McCulloch
- Department of Chemistry University of Oxford Oxford OX1 3TA UK
- Physical Science and Engineering Division King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
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23
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Abstract
![]()
Electronically interfacing with the
nervous system for the purposes
of health diagnostics and therapy, sports performance monitoring,
or device control has been a subject of intense academic and industrial
research for decades. This trend has only increased in recent years,
with numerous high-profile research initiatives and commercial endeavors.
An important research theme has emerged as a result, which is the
incorporation of semiconducting polymers in various devices that communicate
with the nervous system—from wearable brain-monitoring caps
to penetrating implantable microelectrodes. This has been driven by
the potential of this broad class of materials to improve the electrical
and mechanical properties of the tissue–device interface, along
with possibilities for increased biocompatibility. In this review
we first begin with a tutorial on neural interfacing, by reviewing
the basics of nervous system function, device physics, and neuroelectrophysiological
techniques and their demands, and finally we give a brief perspective
on how material improvements can address current deficiencies in this
system. The second part is a detailed review of past work on semiconducting
polymers, covering electrical properties, structure, synthesis, and
processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan B Dimov
- Electrical Engineering Division, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, 9 JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0FA, U.K
| | - Maximilian Moser
- University of Oxford, Department of Chemistry, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - George G Malliaras
- Electrical Engineering Division, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, 9 JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0FA, U.K
| | - Iain McCulloch
- University of Oxford, Department of Chemistry, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom.,King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Center, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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24
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Yang J, Kang F, Wang X, Zhang Q. Design strategies for improving the crystallinity of covalent organic frameworks and conjugated polymers: a review. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2022; 9:121-146. [PMID: 34842260 DOI: 10.1039/d1mh00809a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Highly crystalline covalent organic frameworks (COFs) or conjugated polymers (CPs) are very important and highly desirable because these materials would display better performance in diverse devices and provide more structure-property related information. However, how to achieve highly crystalline or single-crystal COFs and CPs is very challenging. Recently, many research studies have demonstrated the possibility of enhancing the crystallinity of COFs and CPs. Thus, it is timely to offer an overview of the important progress in improving the crystallinity of COFs and CPs from the viewpoint of design strategies. These strategies include polycondensation reaction optimization, improving the planarity, fluorine substitution, side chain engineering, and so on. Furthermore, the challenges and perspectives are also discussed to promote the realization of highly crystalline or single-crystal COFs and CPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR 999077, P. R. China.
| | - Fangyuan Kang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR 999077, P. R. China.
| | - Xiang Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR 999077, P. R. China.
| | - Qichun Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR 999077, P. R. China.
- Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF), City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR 999077, P. R. China
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25
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Yu Y, Zhu D, Zhu X, Ravva MK, Duan J, Jiang L, Li Z, Yue W. A novel class of rigid-rod perylene diimides and isoindigo semiconducting polymers. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py01362a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Three novel rigid-rod semiconducting polymers containing fused electron-deficient PDI and IID units have been synthesized through aldol polymerization. Their unique opto-electronic properties have been investigated systematically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials and Wearable Devices, School of Materials and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Danlei Zhu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids. Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xiuyuan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials and Wearable Devices, School of Materials and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | | | - Jiayao Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials and Wearable Devices, School of Materials and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Lang Jiang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids. Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Zhengke Li
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials and Wearable Devices, School of Materials and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Wan Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials and Wearable Devices, School of Materials and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
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Murakami H, Kobayashi K, Suzuki K, Yasuda T, Kanbara T, Kuwabara J. Synthesis of Azine-Based Conjugated Polymers by Metal-Free Dehydration Polycondensation and Characterization of Their Physical Properties. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c02170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Murakami
- Tsukuba Research Center for Energy Materials Science (TREMS), Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
| | - Kyoya Kobayashi
- Tsukuba Research Center for Energy Materials Science (TREMS), Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
| | - Keita Suzuki
- Tsukuba Research Center for Energy Materials Science (TREMS), Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yasuda
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047, Japan
| | - Takaki Kanbara
- Tsukuba Research Center for Energy Materials Science (TREMS), Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
| | - Junpei Kuwabara
- Tsukuba Research Center for Energy Materials Science (TREMS), Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
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27
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Alsufyani M, Stoeckel MA, Chen X, Thorley K, Hallani RK, Puttisong Y, Ji X, Meli D, Paulsen BD, Strzalka J, Regeta K, Combe C, Chen H, Tian J, Rivnay J, Fabiano S, McCulloch I. Lactone Backbone Density in Rigid Electron-Deficient Semiconducting Polymers Enabling High n-type Organic Thermoelectric Performance. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 61:e202113078. [PMID: 34797584 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202113078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Three lactone-based rigid semiconducting polymers were designed to overcome major limitations in the development of n-type organic thermoelectrics, namely electrical conductivity and air stability. Experimental and theoretical investigations demonstrated that increasing the lactone group density by increasing the benzene content from 0 % benzene (P-0), to 50 % (P-50), and 75 % (P-75) resulted in progressively larger electron affinities (up to 4.37 eV), suggesting a more favorable doping process, when employing (N-DMBI) as the dopant. Larger polaron delocalization was also evident, due to the more planarized conformation, which is proposed to lead to a lower hopping energy barrier. As a consequence, the electrical conductivity increased by three orders of magnitude, to achieve values of up to 12 S cm and Power factors of 13.2 μWm-1 K-2 were thereby enabled. These findings present new insights into material design guidelines for the future development of air stable n-type organic thermoelectrics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Alsufyani
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Marc-Antoine Stoeckel
- Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, 60174, Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Xingxing Chen
- Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Karl Thorley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40506-0055, USA
| | - Rawad K Hallani
- Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yuttapoom Puttisong
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, 58183, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Xudong Ji
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Dilara Meli
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Bryan D Paulsen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Joseph Strzalka
- X-Ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Khrystyna Regeta
- Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Craig Combe
- Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hu Chen
- Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Junfu Tian
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Jonathan Rivnay
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA.,Simpson Querrey Institute, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Simone Fabiano
- Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, 60174, Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Iain McCulloch
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK.,Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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28
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Cheng S, Zhao R, Seferos DS. Precision Synthesis of Conjugated Polymers Using the Kumada Methodology. Acc Chem Res 2021; 54:4203-4214. [PMID: 34726058 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.1c00556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Since the discovery of conductive poly(acetylene), the study of conjugated polymers has remained an active and interdisciplinary frontier between polymer chemistry, polymer physics, computation, and device engineering. One of the ultimate goals of polymer science is to reliably synthesize structures, similar to small molecule synthesis. Kumada catalyst-transfer polymerization (KCTP) is a powerful tool for synthesizing conjugated polymers with predictable molecular weights, narrow dispersities, specific end groups, and complex backbone architectures. However, expanding the monomer scope beyond the well-studied 3-alkylthiophenes to include electron-deficient and complex heterocycles has been difficult. Revisiting the successful applications of KCTP can help us gain new insight into the CTP mechanisms and thus inspire breakthroughs in the controlled polymerization of challenging π-conjugated monomers.In this Account, we highlight our efforts over the past decade to achieve controlled synthesis of homopolymers (p-type and n-type), copolymers (diblock and statistical), and monodisperse high oligomers. We first give a brief introduction of the mechanism and state-of-the-art of KCTP. Since the extent of polymerization control is determined by steric and electronic effects of both the catalyst and monomer, the polymerization can be optimized by modifying monomer and catalyst structures, as well as finding a well-matched monomer-catalyst system. We discuss the effects of side-chain steric hindrance and halogens in the context of heavy atom substituted monomers. By moving the side-chain branch point one carbon atom away from the heterocycle to alleviate steric crowding and stabilize the catalyst resting state, we were able to successfully control the polymerization of new tellurophene monomers. Inspired by innocent role of the sterically encumbered 2-transmetalated 3-alkylthiophene monomer, we introduce the treatment of hygroscopic monomers with a bulky Grignard compound as a water-scavenger for the improved synthesis of water-soluble conjugated polymers. For challenging electron-deficient monomers, we discuss the design of new Ni(II)diimine catalysts with electron-donating character which enhance the stability of the association complex between the catalyst and the growing polymer chain, resulting in the quasi-living synthesis of n-type polymers. Beyond n-type homopolymers, the Ni(II)diimine catalysts are also capable of producing electron-rich and electron-deficient diblock and statistical copolymers. We discuss how density functional theory (DFT) calculations elucidate the role of catalyst steric and electronic effects in controlling the synthesis of π-conjugated polymers. Moreover, we demonstrate the synthesis of monodisperse high oligomers by temperature cycling, which takes full advantage of the unique character of KCTP in that it proceeds through distinct intermediates that are not reactive. The insight we gained thus far leads to the first example of isolated living conjugated polymer chains prepared by a standard KCTP procedure, with general applicability to different monomers and catalytic systems. In summarizing a decade of innovation in KCTP, we hope this Account will inspire future development in the field to overcome key challenges including the controlled synthesis of electron-deficient heterocycles, complex and high-performance systems, and degradable and recyclable materials as well as cutting-edge catalyst design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Ruyan Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Dwight S. Seferos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E5, Canada
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29
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Guo Y, Yang X, Wang L, Duan J, Zhou Y, Nielsen CB, Yu Y, Yang J, Guo Y, Li Z, Yue W, Liu Y, McCulloch I. Aldol Polymerization to Construct Half-Fused Semiconducting Polymers. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c01740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanjun Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials and Wearable Devices, School of Materials and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Xueli Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Lewen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials and Wearable Devices, School of Materials and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Jiayao Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials and Wearable Devices, School of Materials and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yecheng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials and Wearable Devices, School of Materials and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Christian B. Nielsen
- Department of Chemistry, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - Yaping Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials and Wearable Devices, School of Materials and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yunlong Guo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Zhengke Li
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials and Wearable Devices, School of Materials and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Wan Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials and Wearable Devices, School of Materials and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yunqi Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Iain McCulloch
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
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30
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Park KH, Go J, Lim B, Noh Y. Recent progress in lactam‐based polymer semiconductors for organic electronic devices. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20210625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kwang Hun Park
- Center for Advanced Specialty Chemicals Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT) Ulsan Republic of Korea
| | - Ji‐Young Go
- Department of Chemical Engineering Pohang University of Science and Technology Pohang Republic of Korea
| | - Bogyu Lim
- Center for Advanced Specialty Chemicals Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT) Ulsan Republic of Korea
| | - Yong‐Young Noh
- Department of Chemical Engineering Pohang University of Science and Technology Pohang Republic of Korea
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31
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Dey S, Attar S, Manley EF, Moncho S, Brothers EN, Bazzi HS, Bronstein H, Marks TJ, Heeney M, Schroeder BC, Al-Hashimi M. Transition-Metal-Free Homopolymerization of Pyrrolo[2,3- d:5,4- d']bisthiazoles via Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:41094-41101. [PMID: 34410686 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c10858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Novel methods to synthesize electron-deficient π-conjugated polymers utilizing transition-metal-free coupling reactions for the use of nonfunctionalized monomers are attractive due to their improved atom economy and environmental prospective. Herein we describe the use of iPrMgCl·LiCl complex to afford thiazole-based conjugated polymers in the absence of any transition metal catalyst, that enables access to well-defined polymers with good molecular weights. The mechanistically distinct polymerizations proceeded via nucleophilic aromatic substitution (SNAr) reaction supported by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. This work demonstrates the first example of fully conjugated thiazole-based aromatic homopolymers without the need of any transition metal catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somnath Dey
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University at Qatar, P.O. Box 23874, Doha, Qatar
| | - Salahuddin Attar
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University at Qatar, P.O. Box 23874, Doha, Qatar
| | - Eric F Manley
- Department of Chemistry, Materials Research Center, and Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research Center, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Salvador Moncho
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University at Qatar, P.O. Box 23874, Doha, Qatar
| | - Edward N Brothers
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University at Qatar, P.O. Box 23874, Doha, Qatar
| | - Hassan S Bazzi
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University at Qatar, P.O. Box 23874, Doha, Qatar
| | - Hugo Bronstein
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K
| | - Tobin J Marks
- Department of Chemistry, Materials Research Center, and Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research Center, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Martin Heeney
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, Exhibition Rd, London, SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - Bob C Schroeder
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AJ, U.K
| | - Mohammed Al-Hashimi
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University at Qatar, P.O. Box 23874, Doha, Qatar
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32
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Griggs S, Marks A, Bristow H, McCulloch I. n-Type organic semiconducting polymers: stability limitations, design considerations and applications. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY. C 2021; 9:8099-8128. [PMID: 34277009 PMCID: PMC8264852 DOI: 10.1039/d1tc02048j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
This review outlines the design strategies which aim to develop high performing n-type materials in the fields of organic thin film transistors (OTFT), organic electrochemical transistors (OECT) and organic thermoelectrics (OTE). Figures of merit for each application and the limitations in obtaining these are set out, and the challenges with achieving consistent and comparable measurements are addressed. We present a thorough discussion of the limitations of n-type materials, particularly their ambient operational instability, and suggest synthetic methods to overcome these. This instability originates from the oxidation of the negative polaron of the organic semiconductor (OSC) by water and oxygen, the potentials of which commonly fall within the electrochemical window of n-type OSCs, and consequently require a LUMO level deeper than ∼-4 eV for a material with ambient stability. Recent high performing n-type materials are detailed for each application and their design principles are discussed to explain how synthetic modifications can enhance performance. This can be achieved through a number of strategies, including utilising an electron deficient acceptor-acceptor backbone repeat unit motif, introducing electron-withdrawing groups or heteroatoms, rigidification and planarisation of the polymer backbone and through increasing the conjugation length. By studying the fundamental synthetic design principles which have been employed to date, this review highlights a path to the development of promising polymers for n-type OSC applications in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Griggs
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Adam Marks
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Helen Bristow
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Iain McCulloch
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford Oxford OX1 3TA UK
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Center (KSC) Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
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33
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Bogdanov AV, Mironov VF. Recent advances in the application of isoindigo derivatives in materials chemistry. Beilstein J Org Chem 2021; 17:1533-1564. [PMID: 34290836 PMCID: PMC8275870 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.17.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, the data on the application of isoindigo derivatives in the chemistry of functional materials are analyzed and summarized. These bisheterocycles can be used in the creation of organic solar cells, sensors, lithium ion batteries as well as in OFET and OLED technologies. The potentials of the use of polymer structures based on isoindigo as photoactive component in the photoelectrochemical reduction of water, as matrix for MALDI spectrometry and in photothermal cancer therapy are also shown. Data published over the past 5 years, including works published at the beginning of 2021, are given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei V Bogdanov
- A.E. Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 8 Arbuzov St., Kazan 420088, Russian Federation
| | - Vladimir F Mironov
- A.E. Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 8 Arbuzov St., Kazan 420088, Russian Federation
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34
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Zhou Y, Zhang W, Yu G. Recent structural evolution of lactam- and imide-functionalized polymers applied in organic field-effect transistors and organic solar cells. Chem Sci 2021; 12:6844-6878. [PMID: 34123315 PMCID: PMC8153080 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc01711j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Organic semiconductor materials, especially donor-acceptor (D-A) polymers, have been increasingly applied in organic optoelectronic devices, such as organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) and organic solar cells (OSCs). Plenty of high-performance OFETs and OSCs have been achieved based on varieties of structurally modified D-A polymers. As the basic building block of D-A polymers, acceptor moieties have drawn much attention. Among the numerous types, lactam- and imide-functionalized electron-deficient building blocks have been widely investigated. In this review, the structural evolution of lactam- or imide-containing acceptors (for instance, diketopyrrolopyrrole, isoindigo, naphthalene diimide, and perylene diimide) is covered and their representative polymers applied in OFETs and OSCs are also discussed, with a focus on the effect of varied structurally modified acceptor moieties on the physicochemical and photoelectrical properties of polymers. Additionally, this review discusses the current issues that need to be settled down and the further development of new types of acceptors. It is hoped that this review could help design new electron-deficient building blocks, find a more valid method to modify already reported acceptor units, and achieve high-performance semiconductor materials eventually.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yankai Zhou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Centre for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Weifeng Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Centre for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Gui Yu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Centre for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
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35
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Xiao M, Carey RL, Chen H, Jiao X, Lemaur V, Schott S, Nikolka M, Jellett C, Sadhanala A, Rogers S, Senanayak SP, Onwubiko A, Han S, Zhang Z, Abdi-Jalebi M, Zhang Y, Thomas TH, Mahmoudi N, Lai L, Selezneva E, Ren X, Nguyen M, Wang Q, Jacobs I, Yue W, McNeill CR, Liu G, Beljonne D, McCulloch I, Sirringhaus H. Charge transport physics of a unique class of rigid-rod conjugated polymers with fused-ring conjugated units linked by double carbon-carbon bonds. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabe5280. [PMID: 33910909 PMCID: PMC8081371 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abe5280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the charge transport physics of a previously unidentified class of electron-deficient conjugated polymers that do not contain any single bonds linking monomer units along the backbone but only double-bond linkages. Such polymers would be expected to behave as rigid rods, but little is known about their actual chain conformations and electronic structure. Here, we present a detailed study of the structural and charge transport properties of a family of four such polymers. By adopting a copolymer design, we achieve high electron mobilities up to 0.5 cm2 V-1 s-1 Field-induced electron spin resonance measurements of charge dynamics provide evidence for relatively slow hopping over, however, long distances. Our work provides important insights into the factors that limit charge transport in this unique class of polymers and allows us to identify molecular design strategies for achieving even higher levels of performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingfei Xiao
- Optoelectronics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Remington L Carey
- Optoelectronics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Hu Chen
- KSC, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Xuechen Jiao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- Australian Synchrotron, 800 Blackburn Road, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Vincent Lemaur
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, University of Mons, BE-7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Sam Schott
- Optoelectronics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Mark Nikolka
- Optoelectronics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Cameron Jellett
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, South Kensington SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Aditya Sadhanala
- Optoelectronics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
- Centre for Nano Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Sarah Rogers
- ISIS Pulsed Neutron Source, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot OX11 0QX, UK
| | - Satyaprasad P Senanayak
- Optoelectronics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
- School of Physical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, HBNI, Jatni 752050, India
| | - Ada Onwubiko
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, South Kensington SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Sanyang Han
- Optoelectronics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Zhilong Zhang
- Optoelectronics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Mojtaba Abdi-Jalebi
- Optoelectronics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
- Institute for Materials Discovery, University College London, Torrington Place, London WC1E 7JE, UK
| | - Youcheng Zhang
- Optoelectronics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Tudor H Thomas
- Optoelectronics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Najet Mahmoudi
- ISIS Pulsed Neutron Source, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot OX11 0QX, UK
| | - Lianglun Lai
- Optoelectronics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
- Cambridge Graphene Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FA, UK
| | - Ekaterina Selezneva
- Optoelectronics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Xinglong Ren
- Optoelectronics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Malgorzata Nguyen
- Optoelectronics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Qijing Wang
- Optoelectronics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Ian Jacobs
- Optoelectronics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Wan Yue
- Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Christopher R McNeill
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Guoming Liu
- Optoelectronics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - David Beljonne
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, University of Mons, BE-7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Iain McCulloch
- KSC, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, South Kensington SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Henning Sirringhaus
- Optoelectronics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK.
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36
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Xu G, Xue R, Stuard SJ, Ade H, Zhang C, Yao J, Li Y, Li Y. Reducing Energy Disorder of Hole Transport Layer by Charge Transfer Complex for High Performance p-i-n Perovskite Solar Cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2006753. [PMID: 33634532 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202006753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Solution-processed organic semiconductor charge-transport layers (OS-CTLs) with high mobility, low trap density, and energy level alignment have dominated the important progress in p-i-n planar perovskite solar cells (pero-SCs). Unfortunately, their inevitable long chains result in weak molecular stacking, which is likely to generate high energy disorder and deteriorate the charge-transport ability of OS-CTLs. Here, a charge-transfer complex (CTC) strategy to reduce the energy disorder in the OS-CTLs by doping an organic semiconductor, 4,4'-(4,8-bis(5-(trimethylsilyl)thiophen-2-yl)benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene-2,6-diyl)bis(N,N-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)aniline) (BDT-Si), in a commercial hole-transport layer (HTL), poly[bis(4-phenyl) (2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)amine (PTAA), is proposed. The formation of the CTC makes the PTAA conjugated backbone electron-deficient, resulting in a quinoidal and stiffer character, which is likely to planarize the PTAA backbone and enhance the ordering of the film in nanoscale. The resultant HTL exhibits a reduced energy disorder, which simultaneously promotes hole transport in the HTL, hole extraction at the interface, energy level alignment, and quasi-Fermi level splitting in the device. As a result, the p-i-n planar pero-SCs with optimized HTL exhibit the best power conversion efficiency of 21.87% with good operating stability. This finding demonstrates that the CTC strategy is an effective way to reduce the energy disorder in HTLs and to improve the performance of planar pero-SCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiying Xu
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Rongming Xue
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Samuel J Stuard
- Department of Physics and Organic and Carbon Electronic Laboratories (ORaCEL), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Harald Ade
- Department of Physics and Organic and Carbon Electronic Laboratories (ORaCEL), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Chenjie Zhang
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Jianlin Yao
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Yaowen Li
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Yongfang Li
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
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37
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Chen X, Marks A, Paulsen BD, Wu R, Rashid RB, Chen H, Alsufyani M, Rivnay J, McCulloch I. n
‐Type Rigid Semiconducting Polymers Bearing Oligo(Ethylene Glycol) Side Chains for High‐Performance Organic Electrochemical Transistors. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202013998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xingxing Chen
- Department of Physical Science and Engineering Division King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
| | - Adam Marks
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Plastic Electronics Imperial College London London W12 0BZ UK
| | - Bryan D. Paulsen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan Rd Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Ruiheng Wu
- Department of Chemistry Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan Rd Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Reem B. Rashid
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan Rd Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Hu Chen
- Department of Physical Science and Engineering Division King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
| | - Maryam Alsufyani
- Department of Physical Science and Engineering Division King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
| | - Jonathan Rivnay
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan Rd Evanston IL 60208 USA
- Simpson Querrey Institute Northwestern University Chicago IL 60611 USA
| | - Iain McCulloch
- Department of Physical Science and Engineering Division King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Plastic Electronics Imperial College London London W12 0BZ UK
- Department of Chemistry Chemistry Research Laboratory University of Oxford Oxford OX1 3TA UK
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38
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Chen X, Marks A, Paulsen BD, Wu R, Rashid RB, Chen H, Alsufyani M, Rivnay J, McCulloch I. n-Type Rigid Semiconducting Polymers Bearing Oligo(Ethylene Glycol) Side Chains for High-Performance Organic Electrochemical Transistors. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:9368-9373. [PMID: 33368944 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202013998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
N-type conjugated polymers as the semiconducting component of organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) are still undeveloped with respect to their p-type counterparts. Herein, we report two rigid n-type conjugated polymers bearing oligo(ethylene glycol) (OEG) side chains, PgNaN and PgNgN, which demonstrated an essentially torsion-free π-conjugated backbone. The planarity and electron-deficient rigid structures enable the resulting polymers to achieve high electron mobility in an OECT device of up to the 10-3 cm2 V-1 s-1 range, with a deep-lying LUMO energy level lower than -4.0 eV. Prominently, the polymers exhibited a high device performance with a maximum dimensionally normalized transconductance of 0.212 S cm-1 and the product of charge-carrier mobility μ and volumetric capacitance C* of 0.662±0.113 F cm-1 V-1 s-1 , which are among the highest in n-type conjugated polymers reported to date. Moreover, the polymers are synthesized via a metal-free aldol-condensation polymerization, which is beneficial to their application in bioelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingxing Chen
- Department of Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adam Marks
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College London, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Bryan D Paulsen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Rd, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Ruiheng Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Rd, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Reem B Rashid
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Rd, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Hu Chen
- Department of Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maryam Alsufyani
- Department of Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jonathan Rivnay
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Rd, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA.,Simpson Querrey Institute, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Iain McCulloch
- Department of Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Chemistry and Centre for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College London, London, W12 0BZ, UK.,Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
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39
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He Y, Liao H, Lyu S, Xu XQ, Li Z, McCulloch I, Yue W, Wang Y. Coupling molecular rigidity and flexibility on fused backbones for NIR-II photothermal conversion. Chem Sci 2021; 12:5177-5184. [PMID: 34163755 PMCID: PMC8179590 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc00060h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Great attention is being increasingly paid to photothermal conversion in the near-infrared (NIR)-II window (1000-1350 nm), where deeper tissue penetration is favored. To date, only a limited number of organic photothermal polymers and relevant theory have been exploited to direct the molecular design of polymers with highly efficient photothermal conversion, specifically in the NIR-II window. This work proposes a fused backbone structure locked via an intramolecular hydrogen bonding interaction and double bond, which favors molecular planarity and rigidity in the ground state and molecular flexibility in the excited state. Following this proposal, a particular class of NIR-II photothermal polymers are prepared. Their remarkable photothermal conversion efficiency is in good agreement with our strategy of coupling polymeric rigidity and flexibility, which accounts for the improved light absorption on going from the ground state to the excited state and nonradiative emission on going from the excited state to the ground state. It is envisioned that such a concept of coupling polymeric rigidity and flexibility will offer great inspiration for developing NIR-II photothermal polymers with the use of other chromophores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonglin He
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China Beijing 100872 China
| | - Hailiang Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials and Wearable Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Shanzhi Lyu
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China Beijing 100872 China
| | - Xiao-Qi Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China Beijing 100872 China
| | - Zhengke Li
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials and Wearable Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Iain McCulloch
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford 12 Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Wan Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials and Wearable Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Yapei Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China Beijing 100872 China
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40
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Yang W, Sun M, Wang Y, Yan H, Zhang G, Zhang Q. Bis-isatin based polymers with tunable energy levels for organic field-effect transistor applications. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py01726d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Two bis-isatin based building blocks have been synthesized with the aid of non-covalent intramolecular interactions. Their polymers showed p-type or ambipolar charge transport in OFETs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shanghai Jiaotong University
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Mingxiang Sun
- Special Display and Imaging Technology Innovation Center of Anhui Province
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Display Technology
- Academy of Opto-Electronic Technology
- Hefei University of Technology
- Hefei
| | - Yue Wang
- School of Pharmacy
- Liaocheng University
- Liaocheng
- China
| | - Hui Yan
- School of Pharmacy
- Liaocheng University
- Liaocheng
- China
| | - Guobing Zhang
- Special Display and Imaging Technology Innovation Center of Anhui Province
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Display Technology
- Academy of Opto-Electronic Technology
- Hefei University of Technology
- Hefei
| | - Qing Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shanghai Jiaotong University
- Shanghai
- China
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41
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Yao ZF, Wang JY, Pei J. High-performance polymer field-effect transistors: from the perspective of multi-level microstructures. Chem Sci 2020; 12:1193-1205. [PMID: 34163881 PMCID: PMC8179153 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc06497a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The multi-level microstructure of conjugated polymers is the most critical parameter determining the charge transport property in field-effect transistors (FETs). However, controlling the hierarchical microstructures and the structural evolution remains a significant challenge. In this perspective, we discuss the key aspects of multi-level microstructures of conjugated polymers towards high-performance FETs. We highlight the recent progress in the molecular structures, solution-state aggregation, and polymer crystal structures, representing the multi-level microstructures of conjugated polymers. By tuning polymer hierarchical microstructures, we attempt to provide several guidelines for developing high-performance polymer FETs and polymer electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Fan Yao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center of Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Jie-Yu Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center of Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Jian Pei
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center of Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University Beijing 100871 China
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42
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Wang F, Zhang F, Wang G, Chen H, Zhang X, Qin G, Cheng T. Passively Mode-Locked Operations Induced by Semiconducting Polymer Nanoparticles and a Side-Polished Fiber. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:57461-57467. [PMID: 33306359 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c18569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Semiconducting polymer nanoparticles (SPNs) possess many special photophysical and chemical properties. However, little research has been done on the potential of SPNs in laser technology. In this work, we present the ultrafast pulses generation at 1.5 and 2 μm through proposing the deposition of SPNs onto a side-polished fiber (SPF) platform as the nonlinear optical modulator. SPNs are designed and prepared through a combination of density functional theory and nanoreprecipitation method. The prepared SPNs not only exhibit strong linear absorption but also has nonlinear saturable absorption characteristics. Once SPF-SPNs saturable absorber (SA) is integrated into the laser cavity, ultrafast lasers of 1.5 and 2 μm can be achieved with high performance. Our results show that SAs based on the SPNs and SPF are promising nonlinear optical modulators for broadband ultrafast pulse generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetical Automation for Process Industries, the College of Information Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, P. R. China
| | - Fan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetical Automation for Process Industries, the College of Information Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, P. R. China
| | - Guorui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetical Automation for Process Industries, the College of Information Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, P. R. China
| | - Haobin Chen
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Xuenan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetical Automation for Process Industries, the College of Information Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, P. R. China
| | - Guanshi Qin
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Tonglei Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetical Automation for Process Industries, the College of Information Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, P. R. China
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43
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Chen H, Moser M, Wang S, Jellett C, Thorley K, Harrison GT, Jiao X, Xiao M, Purushothaman B, Alsufyani M, Bristow H, De Wolf S, Gasparini N, Wadsworth A, McNeill CR, Sirringhaus H, Fabiano S, McCulloch I. Acene Ring Size Optimization in Fused Lactam Polymers Enabling High n-Type Organic Thermoelectric Performance. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 143:260-268. [PMID: 33350307 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c10365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Three n-type fused lactam semiconducting polymers were synthesized for thermoelectric and transistor applications via a cheap, highly atom-efficient, and nontoxic transition-metal free aldol polycondensation. Energy level analysis of the three polymers demonstrated that reducing the central acene core size from two anthracenes (A-A), to mixed naphthalene-anthracene (A-N), and two naphthalene cores (N-N) resulted in progressively larger electron affinities, thereby suggesting an increasingly more favorable and efficient solution doping process when employing 4-(2,3-dihydro-1,3-dimethyl-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-N,N-dimethylbenzenamine (N-DMBI) as the dopant. Meanwhile, organic field effect transistor (OFET) mobility data showed the N-N and A-N polymers to feature the highest charge carrier mobilities, further highlighting the benefits of aryl core contraction to the electronic performance of the materials. Ultimately, the combination of these two factors resulted in N-N, A-N, and A-A to display power factors (PFs) of 3.2 μW m-1 K-2, 1.6 μW m-1 K-2, and 0.3 μW m-1 K-2, respectively, when doped with N-DMBI, whereby the PFs recorded for N-N and A-N are among the highest reported in the literature for n-type polymers. Importantly, the results reported in this study highlight that modulating the size of the central acene ring is a highly effective molecular design strategy to optimize the thermoelectric performance of conjugated polymers, thus also providing new insights into the molecular design guidelines for the next generation of high-performance n-type materials for thermoelectric applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Chen
- Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maximilian Moser
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, United Kingdom.,Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Suhao Wang
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, Norrköping SE-60174, Sweden
| | - Cameron Jellett
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, United Kingdom
| | - Karl Thorley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055, United States
| | - George T Harrison
- Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Xuechen Jiao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Mingfei Xiao
- Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, United Kingdom
| | - Balaji Purushothaman
- Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maryam Alsufyani
- Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Helen Bristow
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, United Kingdom.,Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Stefaan De Wolf
- Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nicola Gasparini
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Wadsworth
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, United Kingdom.,Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher R McNeill
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Henning Sirringhaus
- Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, United Kingdom
| | - Simone Fabiano
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, Norrköping SE-60174, Sweden
| | - Iain McCulloch
- Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
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44
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Wang Y, Yu Y, Liao H, Zhou Y, McCulloch I, Yue W. The Chemistry and Applications of Heteroisoindigo Units as Enabling Links for Semiconducting Materials. Acc Chem Res 2020; 53:2855-2868. [PMID: 33201668 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.0c00480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
ConspectusBecause of their low-temperature processing properties and inherent mechanical flexibility, semiconducting materials are promising candidates for enabling flexible displays, renewable energy, biological sensors, and healthcare. Progress has been made in materials performance by developing judicious materials design strategies. For example, improvements in electron transport have required new electron-deficient aromatics. Among them, isoindigo (IID) is an important functional group utilized in conjugated aromatics, where the structure combines two sets of five-membered electron-withdrawing lactam rings, exhibiting enhanced solubility, excellent chemical and thermal stabilities, broad absorption, and intriguing electron affinity.In the past decade, researchers have mainly focused on IID-based materials. However, the effect of heteroatom modification of the IID core has rarely been systemically investigated. In conventional conjugated polymers, single bonds connect the monomers, leading to energetic disorder and torsion defects, while ladder-type polymers are often intractable because of their fused nature. In this regard, the molecular design of new π scaffolds based on IID is central to the development of high-performance semiconductor polymers. Especially, a complete refresh of molecular design strategies and novel conjugated polymers with unique structures are needed to circumvent the disadvantages of the conventional ladder-type polymers.In this Account, we systematically summarize our recent progress in the design, synthesis, and structure-property relationships of IID- and particularly hetero-IID-based functional materials. More specifically, starting with molecular engineering of hetero-IIDs with variable electronic effects, conjugation lengths, and numbers of heterorings, we discuss the effect of the heteroring on the absorption spectra and energy levels. Additionally, we investigate a series of electron-withdrawing substitution of IIDs and hetero-IIDs and their molecular self-assembly behavior and the device performance. Furthermore, we discuss a series of IID-bis(EDOT) copolymers with hydrophilic ethylene glycol side chains for accumulation-mode organic thin-film electrochemical transistors, in which the relationships among the molecular structure, operational stability, film morphology, and device performance were revealed. Compared with IID polymers, the HOMO levels and optical band gaps of the thiophene and thienothiophene IID copolymers markedly decrease, and these polymers exhibit ambipolar charge transport. When we further expanded the IID core to a thieno[3,2-b][1]benzothiophene isoindigo (TBTI) core, such as in TBTIT, bulk-heterojunction solar cells employing this polymer class as the electron donor achieved good efficiency for additive- and annealing-free device conditions. When we introduced electron-deficient pyridine on the IID core, both the LUMO and HOMO energy levels of the copolymers markedly decreased, which significantly improved the electron mobility. In addition, we compare the correlation between the polymer structures of IID and hetero-IID copolymers with thiophene and benzothiophene as comonomers and their absorption spectra and energy levels. In particular, we evaluate the planarity and the dihedral angle between the repeat units, with systematic analysis by theoretical calculations to support our design concepts. We discuss polymer designs arising from simple aldol condensation, where the rigid backbone conformation has been locked by the double bonds. Our polymers display broad absorption from the visible to the NIR-II region, and more importantly, the high electron affinities of these polymers provide a platform to realize ambient-stable electron transport in solution-processed organic thin-film transistors. These exciting results are expected to open doors to new horizons of semiconducting materials in terms of other charming applications and the design and synthesis of superior materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazhou Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yaping Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Hailiang Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yecheng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Iain McCulloch
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Wan Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
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45
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Bhanvadia VJ, Choudhury A, Iyer PK, Zade SS, Patel AL. Constructing fused bis-isatins from pyrroloindoles using direct oxidation approach and re-visiting indophenine reaction. POLYMER 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.123032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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46
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Yu Z, Lu Y, Wang J, Pei J. Conformation Control of Conjugated Polymers. Chemistry 2020; 26:16194-16205. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202000220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zi‐Di Yu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering and College of Engineering Peking University Beijing 100871 P. R. China
| | - Yang Lu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering and College of Engineering Peking University Beijing 100871 P. R. China
| | - Jie‐Yu Wang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering and College of Engineering Peking University Beijing 100871 P. R. China
| | - Jian Pei
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering and College of Engineering Peking University Beijing 100871 P. R. China
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47
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Guo X, Facchetti A. The journey of conducting polymers from discovery to application. NATURE MATERIALS 2020; 19:922-928. [PMID: 32820293 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-020-0778-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xugang Guo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
| | - Antonio Facchetti
- Flexterra Corporation, Skokie, IL, USA.
- Department of Chemistry and the Materials Research Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
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48
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Prodhan S, Qiu J, Ricci M, Roscioni OM, Wang L, Beljonne D. Design Rules to Maximize Charge-Carrier Mobility along Conjugated Polymer Chains. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:6519-6525. [PMID: 32692920 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c01793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of polymeric materials displaying high charge-carrier mobility values despite poor interchain structural order has spawned a renewal of interest in the identification of structure-property relationships pertaining to the transport of charges along conjugated polymer chains and the subsequent design of optimized architectures. Here, we present the results of intrachain charge transport simulations obtained by applying a robust surface hopping algorithm to a phenomenological Hamiltonian parametrized against first-principles simulations. Conformational effects are shown to provide a clear signature in the temperature-dependent charge-carrier mobility that complies with recent experimental observations. We further contrast against molecular crystals the evolution with electronic bandwidth and electron-phonon interactions of the room-temperature mobility in polymers, showing that intrachain charge-carrier mobility values in excess of 100 cm2/(V s) can be achieved through a proper chemical engineering of the backbones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suryoday Prodhan
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, University of Mons, Mons 7000, Belgium
| | - Jing Qiu
- Center for Chemistry of Novel & High-Performance Materials and Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | | | | | - Linjun Wang
- Center for Chemistry of Novel & High-Performance Materials and Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - David Beljonne
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, University of Mons, Mons 7000, Belgium
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Sinclair GS, Kukor AJ, Imperial KKG, Schipper DJ. Transition-Metal-Free ipso-Arylative Condensation. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c00726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey S. Sinclair
- Institute for Polymer Research and Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1
| | - Andrew J. Kukor
- Institute for Polymer Research and Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1
| | - Kevin Karl G. Imperial
- Institute for Polymer Research and Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1
| | - Derek J. Schipper
- Institute for Polymer Research and Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1
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50
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Kato Y, Iijima K, Yoo D, Kawamoto T, Mori T. Ambipolar Transistor Properties of N 2S 2-Type Metal Complexes. CHEM LETT 2020. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.200281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Kato
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Kodai Iijima
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Dongho Yoo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Tadashi Kawamoto
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Takehiko Mori
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
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