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Wang M, Huang Z, Li X, He P, Sun H, Peng Y, Fan Q. Apabetalone, a BET protein inhibitor, inhibits kidney damage in diabetes by preventing pyroptosis via modulating the P300/H3K27ac/PLK1 axis. Pharmacol Res 2024; 207:107306. [PMID: 39002871 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
Many inflammatory disorders, including diabetic kidney disease (DKD), are associated with pyroptosis, a type of inflammation-regulated cell death. The purpose of this work was to ascertain the effects of apabetalone, which targets BRD4, a specific inhibitor of the bromodomain (BRD) and extra-terminal (BET) proteins that target bromodomain 2, on kidney injury in DKD. This study utilized pharmacological and genetic approaches to investigate the effects of apabetalone on pyroptosis in db/db mice and human tubular epithelial cells (HK-2). BRD4 levels were elevated in HK-2 cells exposed to high glucose and in db/db mice. Modulating BRD4 levels led to changes in the generation of inflammatory cytokines and cell pyroptosis linked to NLRP3 inflammasome in HK-2 cells and db/db mice. Likewise, these cellular processes were mitigated by apabetalone through inhibition BRD4. Apabetalone or BRD4 siRNA suppressed PLK1 expression in HK-2 cells under high glucose by P300-dependent H3K27 acetylation on the PLK1 gene promoter, as demonstrated through chromatin immunoprecipitation and immunoprecipitation assays. To summarize, apabetalone relieves renal proptosis and fibrosis in DKD. BRD4 regulates the P300/H3K27ac/PLK1 axis, leading to the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and subsequent cell pyroptosis, inflammation, and fibrosis. These results may provide new perspectives on DKD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wang
- Department of Nephrology, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Zhaohui Huang
- Department of Nephrology, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Nephrology, Fourth Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Ping He
- Department of Nephrology, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - He Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yali Peng
- Department of Nephrology, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - QiuLing Fan
- Department of Nephrology, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China; Department of Nephrology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Wang S, Gao F, Bi Y, Zhao X, Ou Q, Zhu M, Wu X, Zhang X, Mao K. Unravelling the role of PLK1 in tumorigenesis by revealing the mutational landscape of colorectal and lung cancer with PLK1 mutations. J Cell Mol Med 2024; 28:e18497. [PMID: 38887977 PMCID: PMC11184281 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.18497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Wang
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Urological DepartmentPeking University Cancer Hospital & InstituteBeijingChina
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Medical OncologyBeidahuang Industry Group General HospitalHarbinChina
| | - Yinghui Bi
- Department of OncologyQingdao Hospital, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences (Qingdao Municipal Hospital)QingdaoChina
| | - Xiaotian Zhao
- Geneseeq Research InstituteNanjing Geneseeq Technology Inc.NanjingChina
| | - Qiuxiang Ou
- Geneseeq Research InstituteNanjing Geneseeq Technology Inc.NanjingChina
| | - Minyi Zhu
- Geneseeq Research InstituteNanjing Geneseeq Technology Inc.NanjingChina
| | - Xue Wu
- Geneseeq Research InstituteNanjing Geneseeq Technology Inc.NanjingChina
| | - Xuefei Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery IThe Second Hospital of Dalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
| | - Kaiping Mao
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryThe Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao UniversityQingdaoChina
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Holl K, Chatain N, Krapp S, Baumeister J, Maié T, Schmitz S, Scheufen A, Brock N, Koschmieder S, Moreno-Andrés D. Calreticulin and JAK2V617F driver mutations induce distinct mitotic defects in myeloproliferative neoplasms. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2810. [PMID: 38308077 PMCID: PMC10837458 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53240-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) encompass a diverse group of hematologic disorders driven by mutations in JAK2, CALR, or MPL. The prevailing working model explaining how these driver mutations induce different disease phenotypes is based on the decisive influence of the cellular microenvironment and the acquisition of additional mutations. Here, we report increased levels of chromatin segregation errors in hematopoietic cells stably expressing CALRdel52 or JAK2V617F mutations. Our investigations employing murine 32DMPL and human erythroleukemic TF-1MPL cells demonstrate a link between CALRdel52 or JAK2V617F expression and a compromised spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC), a phenomenon contributing to error-prone mitosis. This defective SAC is associated with imbalances in the recruitment of SAC factors to mitotic kinetochores upon CALRdel52 or JAK2V617F expression. We show that JAK2 mutant CD34 + MPN patient-derived cells exhibit reduced expression of the master mitotic regulators PLK1, aurora kinase B, and PP2A catalytic subunit. Furthermore, the expression profile of mitotic regulators in CD34 + patient-derived cells allows to faithfully distinguish patients from healthy controls, as well as to differentiate primary and secondary myelofibrosis from essential thrombocythemia and polycythemia vera. Altogether, our data suggest alterations in mitotic regulation as a potential driver in the pathogenesis in MPN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Holl
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Nicolas Chatain
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Center of Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf (CIO ABCD), Aachen, Germany
| | - Susanne Krapp
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Julian Baumeister
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Center of Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf (CIO ABCD), Aachen, Germany
| | - Tiago Maié
- Institute for Computational Genomics, Joint Research Center for Computational Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Sarah Schmitz
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Anja Scheufen
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Nathalie Brock
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Steffen Koschmieder
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Center of Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf (CIO ABCD), Aachen, Germany
| | - Daniel Moreno-Andrés
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
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Gao J, Huang W, Zhao S, Wang R, Wang Z, Ye J, Lin L, Cai W, Mi Y. Polo-like kinase 1 inhibitor NMS-P937 represses nasopharyngeal carcinoma progression via induction of mitotic abnormalities. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2024; 38:e23590. [PMID: 38037286 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) inhibitor NMS-P937 is a targeted therapeutic agent with good preclinical efficacy in various human cancers, and its therapeutic effect on nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) remains to be determined. Here, to explore biological activity of NMS-P937 in NPC, multiple types of NPC cells were utilized. We tested IC50 values, carried out flow cytometry, western blot analysis analysis, immunofluorescence, and constructed subcutaneous xenograft mouse models. We found that treatment with NMS-P937 increased the proportion of G2/M phase NPC cells, where CyclinB1 expression was upregulated and CyclinE1 expression was downregulated. Besides, NMS-P937 treatment-induced NPC cell apoptosis with increased cleavage of PARP and caspase-3. Mechanistically, NMS-P937 treatment led to aberrant mitosis, causing increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. ROS scavenger N-acetylcysteine partially reversed ROS levels induced by NMS-P937. Furthermore, NMS-P937 administration restrained NPC xenografts growth in nude mice. Overall, NMS-P937 suppressed NPC cell proliferation and increased ROS levels, causing cell cycle abnormalities and apoptosis. NMS-P937 holds great promise as a therapeutic agent for treating nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Gao
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Teaching Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China
| | - Weirong Huang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Thoracic Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment, School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Lung Cancer, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China
| | - Senxia Zhao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Thoracic Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment, School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Lung Cancer, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China
| | - Rong Wang
- School of Medicine, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Zhilin Wang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Teaching Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China
| | - Juanping Ye
- Department of Medical Oncology, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Thoracic Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment, School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Lung Cancer, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China
| | - Lie Lin
- Department of Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Fujian, China
| | - Weifeng Cai
- Department of Medical Oncology, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Thoracic Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment, School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Lung Cancer, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China
| | - Yanjun Mi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Thoracic Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment, School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Lung Cancer, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China
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Sado AI, Batool W, Ahmed A, Zafar S, Patel SK, Mohan A, Zia U, Aminpoor H, Kumar V, Tejwaney U. Role of microRNA in colorectal carcinoma (CRC): a narrative review. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2024; 86:308-318. [PMID: 38222721 PMCID: PMC10783342 DOI: 10.1097/ms9.0000000000001494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short non-coding RNAs that play a critical role in regulating gene expression by binding to target messenger RNAs (mRNAs). They were first discovered around 8 years after the identification of the first miRNA in 1993, and since then, there has been a significant increase in miRNA-related research and discoveries. MiRNAs have been implicated in various biological processes, including cancer, particularly in colorectal cancer (CRC). In CRC, miRNAs act as either oncogenes or tumor suppressors, influencing essential cellular functions such as cell proliferation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, and metastasis. The dysregulation of miRNAs in CRC can arise from different factors, leading to abnormal expression levels of their target mRNAs and subsequently affecting protein production. Consequently, miRNAs may directly target oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes, thereby contributing to cancer initiation and progression. Notably, tumors often exhibit reduced expression of mature miRNAs. In CRC research, miRNAs offer potential as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Specific miRNA profiles could serve as non-invasive tools for early CRC detection and risk assessment. Additionally, miRNA-based therapies present a promising approach for targeted cancer treatment by modulating miRNA expression. However, challenges related to delivery systems and long-term safety must be addressed to fully harness their therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Umar Zia
- Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | | | - Vikash Kumar
- The Brooklyn Hospital Center, Brooklyn, New York
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Wang H, Wang W, Wang Z, Li X. Transcriptomic correlates of cell cycle checkpoints with distinct prognosis, molecular characteristics, immunological regulation, and therapeutic response in colorectal adenocarcinoma. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1291859. [PMID: 38143740 PMCID: PMC10749195 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1291859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Backgrounds Colorectal adenocarcinoma (COAD), accounting for the most common subtype of colorectal cancer (CRC), is a kind of malignant digestive tumor. Some cell cycle checkpoints (CCCs) have been found to contribute to CRC progression, whereas the functional roles of a lot of CCCs, especially the integrated role of checkpoint mechanism in the cell cycle, remain unclear. Materials and methods The Genomic Data Commons (GDC) The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) COAD cohort was retrieved as the training dataset, and GSE24551 and GSE29623 were downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) as the validation datasets. A total of 209 CCC-related genes were derived from the Gene Ontology Consortium and were subsequently enrolled in the univariate, multivariate, and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Cox regression analyses, finally defining a CCC signature. Cell proliferation and Transwell assay analyses were utilized to evaluate the functional roles of signature-related CCCs. The underlying CCC signature, molecular characteristics, immune-related features, and therapeutic response were finally estimated. The Genomics of Drug Sensitivity in Cancer (GDSC) database was employed for the evaluation of chemotherapeutic responses. Results The aberrant gene expression of CCCs greatly contributed to COAD development and progression. Univariate Cox regression analysis identified 27 CCC-related genes significantly affecting the overall survival (OS) of COAD patients; subsequently, LASSO analysis determined a novel CCC signature. Noticeably, CDK5RAP2, MAD1L1, NBN, RGCC, and ZNF207 were first identified to be correlated with the prognosis of COAD, and it was proven that all of them were significantly correlated with the proliferation and invasion of HCT116 and SW480 cells. In TCGA COAD cohort, CCC signature robustly stratified COAD patients into high and low CCC score groups (median OS: 57.24 months vs. unreached, p< 0.0001), simultaneously, with the good AUC values for OS prediction at 1, 2, and 3 years were 0.74, 0.78, and 0.77. Furthermore, the prognostic capacity of the CCC signature was verified in the GSE24551 and GSE29623 datasets, and the CCC signature was independent of clinical features. Moreover, a higher CCC score always indicated worse OS, regardless of clinical features, histological subtypes, or molecular subgroups. Intriguingly, functional enrichment analysis confirmed the CCC score was markedly associated with extracellular, matrix and immune (chemokine)-related signaling, cell cycle-related signaling, and metabolisms. Impressively, a higher CCC score was positively correlated with a majority of chemokines, receptors, immunostimulators, and anticancer immunity, indicating a relatively immune-promoting microenvironment. In addition, GSE173839, GSE25066, GSE41998, and GSE194040 dataset analyses of the underlying CCC signature suggested that durvalumab with olaparib and paclitaxel, taxane-anthracycline chemotherapy, neoadjuvant cyclophosphamide/doxorubicin with ixabepilone or paclitaxel, and immunotherapeutic strategies might be suitable for COAD patients with higher CCC score. Eventually, the GDSC database analysis showed that lower CCC scores were likely to be more sensitive to 5-fluorouracil, bosutinib, gemcitabine, gefitinib, methotrexate, mitomycin C, and temozolomide, while patients with higher CCC score seemed to have a higher level of sensitivity to bortezomib and elesclomol. Conclusion The novel CCC signature exhibited a good ability for prognosis prediction for COAD patients, and the CCC score was found to be highly correlated with molecular features, immune-related characteristics, and therapeutic responses, which would greatly promote clinical management and precision medicine for COAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Wang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Shanghai Yangpu Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu Li
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
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Milletti G, Colicchia V, Cecconi F. Cyclers' kinases in cell division: from molecules to cancer therapy. Cell Death Differ 2023; 30:2035-2052. [PMID: 37516809 PMCID: PMC10482880 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-023-01196-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Faithful eucaryotic cell division requires spatio-temporal orchestration of multiple sequential events. To ensure the dynamic nature of these molecular and morphological transitions, a swift modulation of key regulatory pathways is necessary. The molecular process that most certainly fits this description is phosphorylation, the post-translational modification provided by kinases, that is crucial to allowing the progression of the cell cycle and that culminates with the separation of two identical daughter cells. In detail, from the early stages of the interphase to the cytokinesis, each critical step of this process is tightly regulated by multiple families of kinases including the Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), kinases of the Aurora, Polo, Wee1 families, and many others. While cell-cycle-related CDKs control the timing of the different phases, preventing replication machinery errors, the latter modulate the centrosome cycle and the spindle function, avoiding karyotypic abnormalities typical of chromosome instability. Such chromosomal abnormalities may result from replication stress (RS) and chromosome mis-segregation and are considered a hallmark of poor prognosis, therapeutic resistance, and metastasis in cancer patients. Here, we discuss recent advances in the understanding of how different families of kinases concur to govern cell cycle, preventing RS and mitotic infidelity. Additionally, considering the growing number of clinical trials targeting these molecules, we review to what extent and in which tumor context cell-cycle-related kinases inhibitors are worth exploiting as an effective therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Milletti
- DNA Replication and Cancer Group, Danish Cancer Institute, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology and of Cell and Gene Therapy, IRCCS Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy.
| | - Valeria Colicchia
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- IRBM S.p.A., Via Pontina Km 30.60, 00070, Pomezia, Italy
| | - Francesco Cecconi
- Cell Stress and Survival Group, Center for Autophagy, Recycling and Disease (CARD), Danish Cancer Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark.
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore and Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
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Fu AB, Xiang SF, He QJ, Ying MD. Kelch-like proteins in the gastrointestinal tumors. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2023; 44:931-939. [PMID: 36266566 PMCID: PMC10104798 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-022-01007-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal tumors have become a worldwide health problem with high morbidity and poor clinical outcomes. Chemotherapy and surgery, the main treatment methods, are still far from meeting the treatment needs of patients, and targeted therapy is in urgent need of development. Recently, emerging evidence suggests that kelch-like (KLHL) proteins play essential roles in maintaining proteostasis and are involved in the progression of various cancers, functioning as adaptors in the E3 ligase complex and promoting the specific degradation of substrates. Therefore, KLHL proteins should be taken into consideration for targeted therapy strategy discovery. This review summarizes the current knowledge of KLHL proteins in gastrointestinal tumors and discusses the potential of KLHL proteins as potential drug targets and prognostic biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- An-Bo Fu
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Institute of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310002, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310002, China
| | - Sen-Feng Xiang
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Qiao-Jun He
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Mei-Dan Ying
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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Stafford JM, Wyatt MD, McInnes C. Inhibitors of the PLK1 polo-box domain: drug design strategies and therapeutic opportunities in cancer. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2023; 18:65-81. [PMID: 36524399 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2023.2159942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Polo Like Kinase 1 (PLK1) is a key regulator of mitosis and its overexpression is frequently observed in a wide variety of human cancers, while often being associated with poor survival rates. Therefore, it is considered a potential and attractive target for cancer therapeutic development. The Polo like kinase family is characterized by the presence of a unique C terminal polobox domain (PBD) involved in regulating kinase activity and subcellular localization. Among the two functionally essential, druggable sites with distinct properties that PLK1 offers, targeting the PBD presents an alternative approach for therapeutic development. AREAS COVERED Significant progress has been made in progressing from the peptidic PBD inhibitors first identified, to peptidomimetic and recently drug-like small molecules. In this review, the rationale for targeting the PBD over the ATP binding site is discussed, along with recent progress, challenges, and outlook. EXPERT OPINION The PBD has emerged as a viable alternative target for the inhibition of PLK1, and progress has been made in using compounds to elucidate mechanistic aspects of activity regulation and in determining roles of the PBD. Studies have resulted in proof of concept of in vivo efficacy suggesting promise for PBD binders in clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessy M Stafford
- Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Michael D Wyatt
- Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Campbell McInnes
- Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
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Construction of a Colorectal Cancer Prognostic Risk Model and Screening of Prognostic Risk Genes Using Machine-Learning Algorithms. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2022; 2022:9408839. [PMID: 36267311 PMCID: PMC9578894 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9408839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
This study is aimed at constructing a prognostic risk model for colorectal cancer (CRC) using machine-learning algorithms to provide accurate staging and screening of credible prognostic risk genes. We extracted CRC data from GSE126092 and GSE156355 of the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and datasets from TCGA to analyze the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) using bioinformatics analysis. Among the 330 shared DEGs related to CRC prognosis, we divided the analysis period into different phases and applied univariate COX regression, LASSO, and multivariate COX regression analysis. GO analysis and KEGG analysis revealed that the functions of these DEGs were primarily focused on cell cycle, DNA replication, cell mitosis, and other related functions, and this confirmed our results from a biological perspective. Finally, a prognostic risk model for CRC based on the CHGA, CLU, PLK1, AXIN2, NR3C2, IL17RB, GCG, and AJUBA genes was constructed, and the risk score enabled us to predict the prognosis for CRC. To obtain a comprehensive and accurate model, we used both internal and external evaluations, and the model was able to correctly differentiate patients with CRC into a high-risk group with poor prognosis and a low-risk group with good prognosis. The AUC values of the 3-, 5-, and 10-year survival ROC curves were 0.715, 0.721, and 0.777, respectively, according to the internal evaluation, and the AUC values were 0.606, 0.698, and 0.608, respectively, for the external evaluation using GSE39582 from the GEO database. We determined that CLU, PLK1, and IL17RB could be considered to be independent prognostic factors for CRC with significantly different expression (P < 0.05). Using machine-learning methods, a prognostic risk model comprised of eight genes was constructed. Not only does this model provide improved treatment guidance, but it also provides a novel perspective for analyzing survival conditions at a deeper biological level.
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Tatekawa S, Tamari K, Chijimatsu R, Konno M, Motooka D, Mitsufuji S, Akita H, Kobayashi S, Murakumo Y, Doki Y, Eguchi H, Ishii H, Ogawa K. N(6)-methyladenosine methylation-regulated polo-like kinase 1 cell cycle homeostasis as a potential target of radiotherapy in pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Sci Rep 2022; 12:11074. [PMID: 35773310 PMCID: PMC9246847 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-15196-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In pancreatic cancer, methyltransferase-like 3 (METTL3), a N(6)-methyladenosine (m6A) methyltransferase, has a favorable effect on tumors and is a risk factor for patients' prognosis. However, the details of what genes are regulated by METTL3 remain unknown. Several RNAs are methylated, and what genes are favored in pancreatic cancer remains unclear. By epitranscriptomic analysis, we report that polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) is an important hub gene defining patient prognosis in pancreatic cancer and that RNA methylation is involved in regulating its cell cycle-specific expression. We found that insulin like growth factor 2 mRNA binding protein 2 (IGF2BP2) binds to m6A of PLK1 3' untranslated region and is involved in upregulating PLK1 expression and that demethylation of this site activates the ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related protein pathway by replicating stress and increasing mitotic catastrophe, resulting in increased radiosensitivity. This suggests that PLK1 methylation is essential for cell cycle maintenance in pancreatic cancer and is a new therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shotaro Tatekawa
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamadaoka 2-2, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Keisuke Tamari
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamadaoka 2-2, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ryota Chijimatsu
- Department of Medical Data Science, Center of Medical Innovation and Translational Research, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamadaoka 2-2, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masamitsu Konno
- Department of Medical Data Science, Center of Medical Innovation and Translational Research, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamadaoka 2-2, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- Division of Tumor Biology, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences (RIBS), Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, Japan
| | - Daisuke Motooka
- Genome Information Research Center, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Suguru Mitsufuji
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Akita
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shogo Kobayashi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Murakumo
- Department of Pathology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0374, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Doki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Eguchi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hideshi Ishii
- Department of Medical Data Science, Center of Medical Innovation and Translational Research, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamadaoka 2-2, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Kazuhiko Ogawa
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamadaoka 2-2, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
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12
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Azzarito G, Visentin M, Leeners B, Dubey RK. Transcriptomic and Functional Evidence for Differential Effects of MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cell-Secretome on Vascular and Lymphatic Endothelial Cell Growth. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137192. [PMID: 35806196 PMCID: PMC9266834 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular and lymphatic vessels drive breast cancer (BC) growth and metastasis. We assessed the cell growth (proliferation, migration, and capillary formation), gene-, and protein-expression profiles of Vascular Endothelial Cells (VECs) and Lymphatic Endothelial Cells (LECs) exposed to a conditioned medium (CM) from estrogen receptor-positive BC cells (MCF-7) in the presence or absence of Estradiol. We demonstrated that MCF-7-CM stimulated growth and capillary formation in VECs but inhibited LEC growth. Consistently, MCF-7-CM induced ERK1/2 and Akt phosphorylation in VECs and inhibited them in LECs. Gene expression analysis revealed that the LECs were overall (≈10-fold) more sensitive to MCF-7-CM exposure than VECs. Growth/angiogenesis and cell cycle pathways were upregulated in VECs but downregulated in LECs. An angiogenesis proteome array confirmed the upregulation of 23 pro-angiogenesis proteins in VECs. In LECs, the expression of genes related to ATP synthesis and the ATP content were reduced by MCF-7-CM, whereas MTHFD2 gene, involved in folate metabolism and immune evasion, was upregulated. The contrasting effect of MCF-7-CM on the growth of VECs and LECs was reversed by inhibiting the TGF-β signaling pathway. The effect of MCF-7-CM on VEC growth was also reversed by inhibiting the VEGF signaling pathway. In conclusion, BC secretome may facilitate cancer cell survival and tumor growth by simultaneously promoting vascular angiogenesis and inhibiting lymphatic growth. The differential effects of BC secretome on LECs and VECs may be of pathophysiological relevance in BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Azzarito
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, University Hospital Zurich, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland; (G.A.); (B.L.)
| | - Michele Visentin
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland;
| | - Brigitte Leeners
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, University Hospital Zurich, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland; (G.A.); (B.L.)
| | - Raghvendra K. Dubey
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, University Hospital Zurich, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland; (G.A.); (B.L.)
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
- Correspondence:
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13
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Song D, Zhang D, Chen S, Wu J, Hao Q, Zhao L, Ren H, Du N. Identification and validation of prognosis-associated DNA repair gene signatures in colorectal cancer. Sci Rep 2022; 12:6946. [PMID: 35484177 PMCID: PMC9050689 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-10561-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common malignant tumor. DNA damage plays a crucial role in tumorigenesis, and abnormal DNA repair pathways affect the occurrence and progression of CRC. In the current study, we aimed to construct a DNA repair-related gene (DRG) signature to predict the overall survival (OS) of patients with CRC patients. The differentially expressed DRGs (DE-DRGs) were analyzed using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases. The prognostic gene signature was identified by univariate Cox regression and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO)-penalized Cox proportional hazards regression analysis. The predictive ability of the model was evaluated using the Kaplan–Meier curves and time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. The gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was performed to explore the underlying biological processes and signaling pathways. ESTIMATE and CIBERSORT were implemented to estimate the tumor immune score and immune cell infiltration status between the different risk group. The half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) was evaluated to representing the drug response of this signature. Nine DE-DRGs (ESCO2, AXIN2, PLK1, CDC25C, IGF1, TREX2, ALKBH2, ESR1 and MC1R) signatures was constructed to classify patients into high- and low-risk groups. The risk score was an independent prognostic indicator of OS (hazard ratio > 1, P < 0.001). The genetic alteration analysis indicated that the nine DE-DRGs in the signature were changed in 63 required samples (100%), and the major alteration was missense mutation. Function enrichment analysis revealed that the immune response and mtotic sister chromatid segregation were the main biological processes. The high-risk group had higher immune score than the low-risk group. What’s more, low-risk patients were more sensitive to selumetinib and dasatinib. The nine DE-DRGs signature was significantly associated with OS and provided a new insight for the diagnosis and treatment of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingli Song
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Dai Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Sisi Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jie Wu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qian Hao
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lili Zhao
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hong Ren
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Ning Du
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China.
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14
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Kahl I, Mense J, Finke C, Boller AL, Lorber C, Győrffy B, Greve B, Götte M, Espinoza-Sánchez NA. The cell cycle-related genes RHAMM, AURKA, TPX2, PLK1, and PLK4 are associated with the poor prognosis of breast cancer patients. J Cell Biochem 2022; 123:581-600. [PMID: 35014077 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.30205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the third most common type of cancer diagnosed. Cell cycle is a complex but highly organized and controlled process, in which normal cells sense mitogenic growth signals that instruct them to enter and progress through their cell cycle. This process culminates in cell division generating two daughter cells with identical amounts of genetic material. Uncontrolled proliferation is one of the hallmarks of cancer. In this study, we analyzed the expression of the cell cycle-related genes receptor for hyaluronan (HA)-mediated motility (RHAMM), AURKA, TPX2, PLK1, and PLK4 and correlated them with the prognosis in a collective of 3952 breast cancer patients. A high messenger RNA expression of all studied genes correlated with a poor prognosis. Stratifying the patients according to the expression of hormonal receptors, we found that in patients with estrogen and progesterone receptor-positive and human epithelial growth factor receptor 2-negative tumors, and Luminal A and Luminal B tumors, the expression of the five analyzed genes correlates with worse survival. qPCR analysis of a panel of breast cancer cell lines representative of major molecular subtypes indicated a predominant expression in the luminal subtype. In vitro experiments showed that radiation influences the expression of the five analyzed genes both in luminal and triple-negative model cell lines. Functional analysis of MDA-MB-231 cells showed that small interfering RNA knockdown of PLK4 and TPX2 and pharmacological inhibition of PLK1 had an impact on the cell cycle and colony formation. Looking for a potential upstream regulation by microRNAs, we observed a differential expression of RHAMM, AURKA, TPX2, PLK1, and PLK4 after transfecting the MDA-MB-231 cells with three different microRNAs. Survival analysis of miR-34c-5p, miR-375, and miR-142-3p showed a different impact on the prognosis of breast cancer patients. Our study suggests that RHAMM, AURKA, TPX2, PLK1, and PLK4 can be used as potential targets for treatment or as a prognostic value in breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Kahl
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Münster University Hospital, Münster, Germany
| | - Julian Mense
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Münster University Hospital, Münster, Germany
| | - Christopher Finke
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Münster University Hospital, Münster, Germany
| | - Anna-Lena Boller
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Münster University Hospital, Münster, Germany
| | - Clara Lorber
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Münster University Hospital, Münster, Germany
| | - Balázs Győrffy
- Department of Bioinformatics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,Cancer Biomarker Research Group, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Burkhard Greve
- Department of Radiotherapy-Radiooncology, Münster University Hospital, Münster, Germany
| | - Martin Götte
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Münster University Hospital, Münster, Germany
| | - Nancy A Espinoza-Sánchez
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Münster University Hospital, Münster, Germany.,Department of Radiotherapy-Radiooncology, Münster University Hospital, Münster, Germany
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15
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Quan M, Oh Y, Cho SY, Kim JH, Moon HG. Polo-Like Kinase 1 Regulates Chromosomal Instability and Paclitaxel Resistance in Breast Cancer Cells. J Breast Cancer 2022; 25:178-192. [PMID: 35775700 PMCID: PMC9250878 DOI: 10.4048/jbc.2022.25.e28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Chromosomal instability (CIN) contributes to intercellular genetic heterogeneity and has been implicated in paclitaxel (PTX) resistance in breast cancer. In this study, we explored polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) as an important regulator of mitotic integrity and as a useful predictive biomarker for PTX resistance in breast cancer. Methods We performed PTX resistance screening using the human kinome CRISPR/Cas9 library in breast cancer cells. In vitro cell proliferation and apoptosis assays and in vivo xenograft experiments were performed to determine the effects of PLK1 on breast cancer cells. Immunofluorescence microscopy was used to measure the degree of multipolar cell division. Results Kinome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 screening identified various kinases involved in PTX resistance in breast cancer cells; among these, PLK1 was chosen for further experiments. PLK1 knockdown inhibited the proliferation of MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 cells in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, PLK1 silencing sensitized breast cancer cells and mouse xenograft tumor models to PTX cytotoxicity. Silencing of PLK1 induced the formation of multipolar spindles and increased the percentage of multipolar cells. In addition, PLK1 silencing resulted in the downregulation of BubR1 and Mad2 in breast cancer cells. Furthermore, PLK1 upregulation in primary breast cancer was associated with decreased overall patient survival based on the analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas and Molecular Taxonomy of Breast Cancer International Consortium databases. Conclusion PLK1 plays an important role in PTX resistance by regulating CIN in breast cancer cells. Targeting PLK1 may be an effective treatment strategy for PTX-resistant breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingji Quan
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Cancer Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yumi Oh
- Medical Research Center, Genomic Medicine Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung-Yup Cho
- Medical Research Center, Genomic Medicine Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ju Hee Kim
- Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyeong-Gon Moon
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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16
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The non-apoptotic function of Caspase-8 in negatively regulating the CDK9-mediated Ser2 phosphorylation of RNA polymerase II in cervical cancer. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:597. [PMID: 36399280 PMCID: PMC9674771 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04598-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Cervical cancer is the fourth most frequently diagnosed and fatal gynecological cancer. 15-61% of all cases metastasize and develop chemoresistance, reducing the 5-year survival of cervical cancer patients to as low as 17%. Therefore, unraveling the mechanisms contributing to metastasis is critical in developing better-targeted therapies against it. Here, we have identified a novel mechanism where nuclear Caspase-8 directly interacts with and inhibits the activity of CDK9, thereby modulating RNAPII-mediated global transcription, including those of cell-migration- and cell-invasion-associated genes. Crucially, low Caspase-8 expression in cervical cancer patients leads to poor prognosis, higher CDK9 phosphorylation at Thr186, and increased RNAPII activity in cervical cancer cell lines and patient biopsies. Caspase-8 knock-out cells were also more resistant to the small-molecule CDK9 inhibitor BAY1251152 in both 2D- and 3D-culture conditions. Combining BAY1251152 with Cisplatin synergistically overcame chemoresistance of Caspase-8-deficient cervical cancer cells. Therefore, Caspase-8 expression could be a marker in chemoresistant cervical tumors, suggesting CDK9 inhibitor treatment for their sensitization to Cisplatin-based chemotherapy.
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17
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Zhang X, Schuhmachers P, Mourão A, Giansanti P, Murer A, Thumann S, Kuklik‐Roos C, Beer S, Hauck SM, Hammerschmidt W, Küppers R, Kuster B, Raab M, Strebhardt K, Sattler M, Münz C, Kempkes B. PLK1-dependent phosphorylation restrains EBNA2 activity and lymphomagenesis in EBV-infected mice. EMBO Rep 2021; 22:e53007. [PMID: 34605140 PMCID: PMC8647151 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202153007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
While Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) establishes a life-long latent infection in apparently healthy human immunocompetent hosts, immunodeficient individuals are at particular risk to develop lymphoproliferative B-cell malignancies caused by EBV. A key EBV protein is the transcription factor EBV nuclear antigen 2 (EBNA2), which initiates B-cell proliferation. Here, we combine biochemical, cellular, and in vivo experiments demonstrating that the mitotic polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) binds to EBNA2, phosphorylates its transactivation domain, and thereby inhibits its biological activity. EBNA2 mutants that impair PLK1 binding or prevent EBNA2 phosphorylation are gain-of-function mutants. They exhibit enhanced transactivation capacities, accelerate the proliferation of infected B cells, and promote the development of monoclonal B-cell lymphomas in infected mice. Thus, PLK1 coordinates the activity of EBNA2 to attenuate the risk of tumor incidences in favor of the establishment of latency in the infected but healthy host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Zhang
- Research Unit Gene Vectors, Helmholtz Zentrum MünchenGerman Research Center for Environmental HealthMünchenGermany
| | - Patrick Schuhmachers
- Viral ImmunbiologyInstitute of Experimental ImmunologyUniversity of ZürichZürichSwitzerland
| | - André Mourão
- Institute of Structural BiologyHelmholtz Zentrum MünchenGerman Research Center for Environmental HealthNeuherbergGermany
- Department of ChemistryBavarian NMR CenterTechnical University of MunichGarchingGermany
| | - Piero Giansanti
- Chair of Proteomics and BioanalyticsTechnical University of MunichFreisingGermany
| | - Anita Murer
- Viral ImmunbiologyInstitute of Experimental ImmunologyUniversity of ZürichZürichSwitzerland
| | - Sybille Thumann
- Research Unit Gene Vectors, Helmholtz Zentrum MünchenGerman Research Center for Environmental HealthMünchenGermany
| | - Cornelia Kuklik‐Roos
- Research Unit Gene Vectors, Helmholtz Zentrum MünchenGerman Research Center for Environmental HealthMünchenGermany
| | - Sophie Beer
- Research Unit Gene Vectors, Helmholtz Zentrum MünchenGerman Research Center for Environmental HealthMünchenGermany
| | - Stefanie M Hauck
- Research Unit Protein Science and Metabolomics and Proteomics Core FacilityHelmholtz Zentrum MünchenGerman Research Center for Environmental HealthMünchenGermany
| | - Wolfgang Hammerschmidt
- Research Unit Gene Vectors, Helmholtz Zentrum MünchenGerman Research Center for Environmental HealthMünchenGermany
| | - Ralf Küppers
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research)University Hospital EssenEssenGermany
| | - Bernhard Kuster
- Chair of Proteomics and BioanalyticsTechnical University of MunichFreisingGermany
- Bavarian Center for Biomolecular Mass SpectrometryTechnical University of MunichFreisingGermany
| | - Monika Raab
- Department of Gynecology and ObstetricsJohann Wolfgang Goethe UniversityFrankfurt am MainGermany
| | - Klaus Strebhardt
- Department of Gynecology and ObstetricsJohann Wolfgang Goethe UniversityFrankfurt am MainGermany
| | - Michael Sattler
- Institute of Structural BiologyHelmholtz Zentrum MünchenGerman Research Center for Environmental HealthNeuherbergGermany
- Department of ChemistryBavarian NMR CenterTechnical University of MunichGarchingGermany
| | - Christian Münz
- Viral ImmunbiologyInstitute of Experimental ImmunologyUniversity of ZürichZürichSwitzerland
| | - Bettina Kempkes
- Research Unit Gene Vectors, Helmholtz Zentrum MünchenGerman Research Center for Environmental HealthMünchenGermany
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18
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Yu Z, Deng P, Chen Y, Liu S, Chen J, Yang Z, Chen J, Fan X, Wang P, Cai Z, Wang Y, Hu P, Lin D, Xiao R, Zou Y, Huang Y, Yu Q, Lan P, Tan J, Wu X. Inhibition of the PLK1-Coupled Cell Cycle Machinery Overcomes Resistance to Oxaliplatin in Colorectal Cancer. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:e2100759. [PMID: 34881526 PMCID: PMC8655181 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202100759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Dysregulation of the cell cycle machinery leads to genomic instability and is a hallmark of cancer associated with chemoresistance and poor prognosis in colorectal cancer (CRC). Identifying and targeting aberrant cell cycle machinery is expected to improve current therapies for CRC patients. Here,upregulated polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) signaling, accompanied by deregulation of cell cycle-related pathways in CRC is identified. It is shown that aberrant PLK1 signaling correlates with recurrence and poor prognosis in CRC patients. Genetic and pharmacological blockade of PLK1 significantly increases the sensitivity to oxaliplatin in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, transcriptomic profiling analysis reveals that cell cycle-related pathways are activated by oxaliplatin treatment but suppressed by a PLK1 inhibitor. Cell division cycle 7 (CDC7) is further identified as a critical downstream effector of PLK1 signaling, which is transactivated via the PLK1-MYC axis. Increased CDC7 expression is also found to be positively correlated with aberrant PLK1 signaling in CRC and is associated with poor prognosis. Moreover, a CDC7 inhibitor synergistically enhances the anti-tumor effect of oxaliplatin in CRC models, demonstrating the potential utility of targeting the PLK1-MYC-CDC7 axis in the treatment of oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoliang Yu
- Department of Colorectal SurgeryThe Sixth Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong510655P. R. China
| | - Peng Deng
- Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterState Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center of Cancer MedicineGuangzhouGuangdong510060P. R. China
| | - Yufeng Chen
- Department of Colorectal SurgeryThe Sixth Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong510655P. R. China
| | - Shini Liu
- Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterState Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center of Cancer MedicineGuangzhouGuangdong510060P. R. China
| | - Jinghong Chen
- Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterState Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center of Cancer MedicineGuangzhouGuangdong510060P. R. China
| | - Zihuan Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor DiseasesGuangdong Institute of GastroenterologyThe Sixth Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong510655P. R. China
| | - Jianfeng Chen
- Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterState Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center of Cancer MedicineGuangzhouGuangdong510060P. R. China
| | - Xinjuan Fan
- Department of PathologyThe Sixth Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong510060P. R. China
| | - Peili Wang
- Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterState Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center of Cancer MedicineGuangzhouGuangdong510060P. R. China
| | - Zerong Cai
- Department of Colorectal SurgeryThe Sixth Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong510655P. R. China
| | - Yali Wang
- Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterState Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center of Cancer MedicineGuangzhouGuangdong510060P. R. China
| | - Peishan Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor DiseasesGuangdong Institute of GastroenterologyThe Sixth Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong510655P. R. China
| | - Dezheng Lin
- Department of Endoscopic SurgeryThe Sixth Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong510060P. R. China
| | - Rong Xiao
- Department of Biomedical SciencesCity University of Hong KongHong KongSAR999077China
| | - Yifeng Zou
- Department of Colorectal SurgeryThe Sixth Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong510655P. R. China
| | - Yan Huang
- Department of PathologyThe Sixth Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong510060P. R. China
| | - Qiang Yu
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology ProgramDuke‐NUS Medical SchoolSingapore169857Singapore
- Genome Institute of SingaporeA*STARSingapore138672Singapore
| | - Ping Lan
- Department of Colorectal SurgeryThe Sixth Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong510655P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor DiseasesGuangdong Institute of GastroenterologyThe Sixth Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong510655P. R. China
| | - Jing Tan
- Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterState Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center of Cancer MedicineGuangzhouGuangdong510060P. R. China
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong510095P. R. China
| | - Xiaojian Wu
- Department of Colorectal SurgeryThe Sixth Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong510655P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor DiseasesGuangdong Institute of GastroenterologyThe Sixth Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong510655P. R. China
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19
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Iliaki S, Beyaert R, Afonina IS. Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) signaling in cancer and beyond. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 193:114747. [PMID: 34454931 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PLK1 is an evolutionary conserved Ser/Thr kinase that is best known for its role in cell cycle regulation and is expressed predominantly during the G2/S and M phase of the cell cycle. PLK1-mediated phosphorylation of specific substrates controls cell entry into mitosis, centrosome maturation, spindle assembly, sister chromatid cohesion and cytokinesis. In addition, a growing body of evidence describes additional roles of PLK1 beyond the cell cycle, more specifically in the DNA damage response, autophagy, apoptosis and cytokine signaling. PLK1 has an indisputable role in cancer as it controls several key transcription factors and promotes cell proliferation, transformation and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Furthermore, deregulation of PLK1 results in chromosome instability and aneuploidy. PLK1 is overexpressed in many cancers, which is associated with poor prognosis, making PLK1 an attractive target for cancer treatment. Additionally, PLK1 is involved in immune and neurological disorders including Graft versus Host Disease, Huntington's disease and Alzheimer's disease. Unfortunately, newly developed small compound PLK1 inhibitors have only had limited success so far, due to low therapeutic response rates and toxicity. In this review we will highlight the current knowledge about the established roles of PLK1 in mitosis regulation and beyond. In addition, we will discuss its tumor promoting but also tumor suppressing capacities, as well as the available PLK1 inhibitors, elaborating on their efficacy and limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Styliani Iliaki
- Center for Inflammation Research, Unit of Molecular Signal Transduction in Inflammation, VIB, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Rudi Beyaert
- Center for Inflammation Research, Unit of Molecular Signal Transduction in Inflammation, VIB, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Inna S Afonina
- Center for Inflammation Research, Unit of Molecular Signal Transduction in Inflammation, VIB, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
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20
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He T, Yuan C, Zhao C. Long intragenic non-coding RNA p53-induced transcript (LINC-PINT) as a novel prognosis indicator and therapeutic target in cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 143:112127. [PMID: 34474342 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer involves complex etiology factors, multiple stages, and intricate gene mutations. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are implicated as molecular mechanisms underlying human genomic activity in various physiologic and pathophysiologic conditions. However, the sophisticated modifications and regulatory processes linking lncRNAs to cancer initiation and progression have not yet been fully explored. Long intragenic non-coding RNA p53-induced transcript (LINC-PINT) is an lncRNA that functions as a tumor suppressor gene involved in various tumors and malignant activities. LINC-PINT is downregulated in nasopharyngeal cancer, renal carcinoma, non-small cell lung cancer, glioblastoma, thyroid cancer, retinoblastoma, ovarian cancer, breast cancer, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, osteosarcoma, melanoma, and gastric cancer. Furthermore, decreased LINC-PINT expression predicts poor prognosis and advanced clinical tumor stages. Together, these studies indicate that LINC-PINT could serve as a diagnostic and prognostic indicator in cancer. The specific lncRNA regulatory mechanism of LINC-PINT may also be a novel target for cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiefei He
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Zhuji Affiliated Hospital of Shaoxing University, Zhuji, Zhejiang 311800, China.
| | - Chendong Yuan
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Zhuji Affiliated Hospital of Shaoxing University, Zhuji, Zhejiang 311800, China.
| | - Cansong Zhao
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Zhuji Affiliated Hospital of Shaoxing University, Zhuji, Zhejiang 311800, China.
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21
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Luo M, Zhou Y. Comprehensive analysis of differentially expressed genes reveals the promotive effects of UBE2T on colorectal cancer cell proliferation. Oncol Lett 2021; 22:714. [PMID: 34457069 PMCID: PMC8358588 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignancies worldwide. Via analysis using The Cancer Genome Atlas database, the present study identified 1,835 genes that were differentially expressed in CRC, including 811 upregulated and 1,024 downregulated genes. Enrichment analyses using the Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery tool revealed that these differentially expressed genes were associated with the regulation of CRC progression by modulating multiple pathways, such as ‘Cell Cycle, Mitotic’, ‘DNA Replication’, ‘Mitotic M-M/G1 phases’ and ‘ATM pathway’. To identify the key genes in CRC, protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis was performed and the hub modules in upregulated and downregulated PPI networks were identified. Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 T (UBE2T), a member of the E2 family, was identified to be a key regulator in CRC. To the best of our knowledge, the present study was the first to demonstrate that UBE2T expression was upregulated in CRC samples compared with normal tissues. Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that higher expression levels of UBE2T were associated with worse prognosis compared with lower UBE2T expression levels in CRC. Additionally, the present study demonstrated that knockdown of UBE2T inhibited CRC cell proliferation. Flow cytometry assays revealed that UBE2T knockdown induced cell cycle arrest at G1 phase and apoptosis in vitro. These results suggested that UBE2T may be a novel potential biomarker for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Luo
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China.,Research Center of Digestive Disease, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Yuqian Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China.,Research Center of Digestive Disease, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
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22
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Wang J, Shao X, Liu Y, Shi R, Yang B, Xiao J, Liu Y, Qu X, Li Z. Mutations of key driver genes in gastric cancer metastasis risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2021; 21:963-972. [PMID: 34196586 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2021.1946394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Objective: Associations between gene mutations and metastasis in gastric cancer (GC) remain contradictory, resulting in the inaccurate estimation of the magnitude of the risk associated with specific genotypes.Methods: In this study, we first screened out four key driver genes (TP53, PIK3CA, APC and ARID1A) by jointly analyzing the mutation levels and searching the literature for genes associated with GC metastasis. We then performed a meta-analysis to demonstrate the relationship between these key driver gene mutations and GC metastasis, including lymphatic and distance metastasis.Results: We found out four key driver genes (TP53, PIK3CA, APC and ARID1A), associated with risk of GC metastasis. The results showed that TP53 (OR 1.39, 95% CI 1.12-1.72) and APC mutations (OR 0.58, 95% CI 0.38-0.89) were associated with lymph node metastasis and distant metastasis in GC. And TP53 mutations (OR 1.65, 95% CI 1.25-2.18) were significantly related to GC metastasis in the Asian population. APC mutations (OR 0.54, 95% CI 0.29-1.00) were also related to GC metastasis in the European and American populations. There was no significant association with GC metastasis in PIK3CA or ARID1A mutations.Expert opinion:Mutations of TP53 and APC play important roles in lymph node metastasis and distant metastasis of GC and may be potential important biomarkers of progression and therapeutic targets. These observations should be further prospectively verified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Liaoning Province Clinical Research Center for Cancer, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xinye Shao
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Liaoning Province Clinical Research Center for Cancer, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Liaoning Province Clinical Research Center for Cancer, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ruichuan Shi
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Liaoning Province Clinical Research Center for Cancer, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Bowen Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Liaoning Province Clinical Research Center for Cancer, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jiawen Xiao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shenyang Fifth People Hospital, Shenyang, China
| | - Yunpeng Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Liaoning Province Clinical Research Center for Cancer, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiujuan Qu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Liaoning Province Clinical Research Center for Cancer, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhi Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Liaoning Province Clinical Research Center for Cancer, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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23
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Kressin M, Fietz D, Becker S, Strebhardt K. Modelling the Functions of Polo-Like Kinases in Mice and Their Applications as Cancer Targets with a Special Focus on Ovarian Cancer. Cells 2021; 10:1176. [PMID: 34065956 PMCID: PMC8151477 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Polo-like kinases (PLKs) belong to a five-membered family of highly conserved serine/threonine kinases (PLK1-5) that play differentiated and essential roles as key mitotic kinases and cell cycle regulators and with this in proliferation and cellular growth. Besides, evidence is accumulating for complex and vital non-mitotic functions of PLKs. Dysregulation of PLKs is widely associated with tumorigenesis and by this, PLKs have gained increasing significance as attractive targets in cancer with diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic potential. PLK1 has proved to have strong clinical relevance as it was found to be over-expressed in different cancer types and linked to poor patient prognosis. Targeting the diverse functions of PLKs (tumor suppressor, oncogenic) are currently at the center of numerous investigations in particular with the inhibition of PLK1 and PLK4, respectively in multiple cancer trials. Functions of PLKs and the effects of their inhibition have been extensively studied in cancer cell culture models but information is rare on how these drugs affect benign tissues and organs. As a step further towards clinical application as cancer targets, mouse models therefore play a central role. Modelling PLK function in animal models, e.g., by gene disruption or by treatment with small molecule PLK inhibitors offers promising possibilities to unveil the biological significance of PLKs in cancer maintenance and progression and give important information on PLKs' applicability as cancer targets. In this review we aim at summarizing the approaches of modelling PLK function in mice so far with a special glimpse on the significance of PLKs in ovarian cancer and of orthotopic cancer models used in this fatal malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Kressin
- Institute for Veterinary Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany;
| | - Daniela Fietz
- Institute for Veterinary Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany;
| | - Sven Becker
- Department of Gynecology, Goethe-University, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany; (S.B.); (K.S.)
| | - Klaus Strebhardt
- Department of Gynecology, Goethe-University, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany; (S.B.); (K.S.)
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center, Partner Site Frankfurt am Main, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
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24
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Li J, Zhou L, Liu Y, Yang L, Jiang D, Li K, Xie S, Wang X, Wang S. Comprehensive Analysis of Cyclin Family Gene Expression in Colon Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:674394. [PMID: 33996604 PMCID: PMC8117346 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.674394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Colon cancer is a common malignancy of the digestive tract with high morbidity and mortality. There is an urgent need to identify effective biomarkers for the early diagnosis of colon cancer and to prolong patient survival. Cyclins are a family of proteins that directly participate in the cell cycle and are associated with many types of tumors, but the role and regulatory mechanism of most cyclin family members in colon cancer remain unclear. Here, we provide a systematic and comprehensive study of cyclin family gene expression and their potential roles in colon cancer. Pan-cancer analysis revealed that cyclin genes were most differentially expressed in colon adenocarcinoma. Among the four datasets of colon cancer from The Cancer Genome Atlas and the Gene Expression Omnibus, six cyclin genes (CCNA2, CCNB1, CCND1, CCNE1, CCNF, and CCNJL) were differentially expressed between normal and tumor tissues. Four of them (CCNA2, CCNB1, CCNE1, and CCNF) were notably elevated in the early TNM stages and significantly correlated with overall survival. Meanwhile, the expression of CCNA2 and CCNB1 was positively correlated with tumor-killing immune cells, such as CD8+ T cells.The copy numbers of CCNA2, CCNB1, CCND1, CCNE1, and CCNF was positively related to gene expression. The methylation levels of CCNB1 were lower in tumor tissues than in normal tissues and were negatively correlated with gene expression. The receiver operating characteristic curves indicated that the gene expression of 24 cyclins had higher predictive accuracy than the TNM stage. Pathway analysis showed that cyclin genes were tightly associated with apoptosis, the cell cycle, hormone ER, the RAS/MAPK pathway, mismatch repair, mTORC1 signaling, KRAS signaling, Akt, and TGFB in colon cancer. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis suggested that cyclin genes were closely linked to CDK1, BIRC5, PLK1, and BCL2L12. At the protein level, Cyclin A2 and Cyclin B1 were also expressed higher in colon adenocarcinoma tissues. In addition, cyclin genes were highly related to the drug sensitivity of some FDA-approved drugs, such as MEK and EGFR inhibitors, which might provide guidance for clinical treatment. In conclusion, cyclin genes are promising biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieling Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Liyuan Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, China
| | - Lingzhi Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Dayi Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, China
| | - Kuan Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, China
| | - Shouxia Xie
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, China
| | - Shaoxiang Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
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25
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Qiao Y, Pei Y, Luo M, Rajasekaran M, Hui KM, Chen J. Cytokinesis regulators as potential diagnostic and therapeutic biomarkers for human hepatocellular carcinoma. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2021; 246:1343-1354. [PMID: 33899543 DOI: 10.1177/15353702211008380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokinesis, the final step of mitosis, is critical for maintaining the ploidy level of cells. Cytokinesis is a complex, highly regulated process and its failure can lead to genetic instability and apoptosis, contributing to the development of cancer. Human hepatocellular carcinoma is often accompanied by a high frequency of aneuploidy and the DNA ploidy pattern observed in human hepatocellular carcinoma results mostly from impairments in cytokinesis. Many key regulators of cytokinesis are abnormally expressed in human hepatocellular carcinoma, and their expression levels are often correlated with patient prognosis. Moreover, preclinical studies have demonstrated that the inhibition of key cytokinesis regulators can suppress the growth of human hepatocellular carcinoma. Here, we provide an overview of the current understanding of the signaling networks regulating cytokinesis, the key cytokinesis regulators involved in the initiation and development of human hepatocellular carcinoma, and their applications as potential diagnostic and therapeutic biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiting Qiao
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, P. R. China
| | - Yunxin Pei
- Pharmacy Institute and Department of Hepatology, Institute of Hepatology and Metabolic Diseases, Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine for Oncology, The affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, College of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province and Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Zhejiang Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines from Zhejiang Province, College of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, P. R. China
| | - Miao Luo
- Pharmacy Institute and Department of Hepatology, Institute of Hepatology and Metabolic Diseases, Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine for Oncology, The affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, College of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province and Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Zhejiang Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines from Zhejiang Province, College of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, P. R. China
| | - Muthukumar Rajasekaran
- Laboratory of Cancer Genomics, Division of Cellular and Molecular Research, National Cancer Centre, Singapore 169610, Singapore
| | - Kam M Hui
- Pharmacy Institute and Department of Hepatology, Institute of Hepatology and Metabolic Diseases, Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine for Oncology, The affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, College of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province and Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Zhejiang Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines from Zhejiang Province, College of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, P. R. China.,Laboratory of Cancer Genomics, Division of Cellular and Molecular Research, National Cancer Centre, Singapore 169610, Singapore.,Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore.,Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Singapore 138673, Singapore.,Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Jianxiang Chen
- Pharmacy Institute and Department of Hepatology, Institute of Hepatology and Metabolic Diseases, Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine for Oncology, The affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, College of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province and Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Zhejiang Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines from Zhejiang Province, College of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, P. R. China.,Laboratory of Cancer Genomics, Division of Cellular and Molecular Research, National Cancer Centre, Singapore 169610, Singapore
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26
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Gheghiani L, Wang L, Zhang Y, Moore XTR, Zhang J, Smith SC, Tian Y, Wang L, Turner K, Jackson-Cook CK, Mukhopadhyay ND, Fu Z. PLK1 Induces Chromosomal Instability and Overrides Cell-Cycle Checkpoints to Drive Tumorigenesis. Cancer Res 2021; 81:1293-1307. [PMID: 33376114 PMCID: PMC8026515 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-1377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) is an essential cell-cycle regulator that is frequently overexpressed in various human cancers. To determine whether Plk1 overexpression drives tumorigenesis, we established transgenic mouse lines that ubiquitously express increased levels of Plk1. High Plk1 levels were a driving force for different types of spontaneous tumors. Increased Plk1 levels resulted in multiple defects in mitosis and cytokinesis, supernumerary centrosomes, and compromised cell-cycle checkpoints, allowing accumulation of chromosomal instability (CIN), which resulted in aneuploidy and tumor formation. Clinically, higher expression of PLK1 positively associated with an increase in genome-wide copy-number alterations in multiple human cancers. This study provides in vivo evidence that aberrant expression of PLK1 triggers CIN and tumorigenesis and highlights potential therapeutic opportunities for CIN-positive cancers. SIGNIFICANCE: These findings establish roles for PLK1 as a potent proto-oncogene and a CIN gene and provide insights for the development of effective treatment regimens across PLK1-overexpressing and CIN-positive cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilia Gheghiani
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Youwei Zhang
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Xavier T R Moore
- Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Jinglei Zhang
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Steven C Smith
- Department of Pathology, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Yijun Tian
- Department of Tumor Biology, Moffitt Cancer Center, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
| | - Liang Wang
- Department of Tumor Biology, Moffitt Cancer Center, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
| | - Kristi Turner
- Department of Pathology, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Colleen K Jackson-Cook
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia
- Department of Pathology, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Nitai D Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Biostatistics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Zheng Fu
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia.
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27
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Zhang L, Wang Z, Liu R, Li Z, Lin J, Wojciechowicz ML, Huang J, Lee K, Ma'ayan A, He JC. Connectivity Mapping Identifies BI-2536 as a Potential Drug to Treat Diabetic Kidney Disease. Diabetes 2021; 70:589-602. [PMID: 33067313 PMCID: PMC7881868 DOI: 10.2337/db20-0580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) remains the most common cause of kidney failure, and the treatment options are insufficient. Here, we used a connectivity mapping approach to first collect 15 gene expression signatures from 11 DKD-related published independent studies. Then, by querying the Library of Integrated Network-based Cellular Signatures (LINCS) L1000 data set, we identified drugs and other bioactive small molecules that are predicted to reverse these gene signatures in the diabetic kidney. Among the top consensus candidates, we selected a PLK1 inhibitor (BI-2536) for further experimental validation. We found that PLK1 expression was increased in the glomeruli of both human and mouse diabetic kidneys and localized largely in mesangial cells. We also found that BI-2536 inhibited mesangial cell proliferation and extracellular matrix in vitro and ameliorated proteinuria and kidney injury in DKD mice. Further pathway analysis of the genes predicted to be reversed by the PLK1 inhibitor was of members of the TNF-α/NF-κB, JAK/STAT, and TGF-β/Smad3 pathways. In vitro, either BI-2536 treatment or knockdown of PLK1 dampened the NF-κB and Smad3 signal transduction and transcriptional activation. Together, these results suggest that the PLK1 inhibitor BI-2536 should be further investigated as a novel therapy for DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Zichen Wang
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Ruijie Liu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Zhengzhe Li
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Jennifer Lin
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Megan L Wojciechowicz
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Jiyi Huang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Kyung Lee
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Avi Ma'ayan
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - John Cijiang He
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
- Renal Section, James J. Peters Veterans Affair Medical Center, Bronx, NY
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28
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Raab CA, Raab M, Becker S, Strebhardt K. Non-mitotic functions of polo-like kinases in cancer cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2021; 1875:188467. [PMID: 33171265 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2020.188467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Inhibitors of mitotic protein kinases are currently being developed as non-neurotoxic alternatives of microtubule-targeting agents (taxanes, vinca alkaloids) which provide a substantial survival benefit for patients afflicted with different types of solid tumors. Among the mitotic kinases, the cyclin-dependent kinases, the Aurora kinases, the kinesin spindle protein and Polo-like kinases (PLKs) have emerged as attractive targets of cancer therapeutics. The functions of mammalian PLK1-5 are traditionally linked to the regulation of the cell cycle and to the stress response. Especially the key role of PLK1 and PLK4 in cellular growth and proliferation, their overexpression in multiple types of human cancer and their druggability, make them appealing targets for cancer therapy. Inhibitors for PLK1 and PLK4 are currently being tested in multiple cancer trials. The clinical success of microtubule-targeting agents is attributed not solely to the induction of a mitotic arrest in cancer cells, but also to non-mitotic effects like targeting intracellular trafficking on microtubules. This raises the question whether new cancer targets like PLK1 and PLK4 regulate critical non-mitotic functions in tumor cells. In this article we summarize the important roles of PLK1-5 for the regulation of non-mitotic signaling. Due to these functions it is conceivable that inhibitors for PLK1 or PLK4 can target interphase cells, which underscores their attractive potential as cancer drug targets. Moreover, we also describe the contribution of the tumor-suppressors PLK2, PLK3 and PLK5 to cancer cell signaling outside of mitosis. These observations highlight the urgent need to develop highly specific ATP-competitive inhibitors for PLK4 and for PLK1 like the 3rd generation PLK-inhibitor Onvansertib to prevent the inhibition of tumor-suppressor PLKs in- and outside of mitosis. The remarkable feature of PLKs to encompass a unique druggable domain, the polo-box-domain (PBD) that can be found only in PLKs offers the opportunity for the development of inhibitors that target PLKs exclusively. Beyond the development of mono-specific ATP-competitive PLK inhibitors, the PBD as drug target will support the design of new drugs that eradicate cancer cells based on the mitotic and non-mitotic function of PLK1 and PLK4.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Monika Raab
- Department of Gynecology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Sven Becker
- Department of Gynecology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Klaus Strebhardt
- Department of Gynecology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center, Partner Site Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt, Germany.
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Yang Y, Ban D, Zhang C, Shen L. Downregulation of circ_0000673 Promotes Cell Proliferation and Migration in Endometriosis via the Mir-616-3p/PTEN Axis. Int J Med Sci 2021; 18:3506-3515. [PMID: 34522177 PMCID: PMC8436099 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.63564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometriosis is a common gynecological disease, affecting up to 10% of women of reproductive age and approximately 50% of women with infertility. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been shown to be involved in a number of diseases. Dysregulated expression of circRNAs in endometriosis has been reported, and circ_0000673 was significantly downregulated. However, the details of its role in the pathogenesis of endometriosis are still poorly understood. We investigated the location and effects of the downregulation of circ_0000673 in endometriosis. We demonstrated that knockdown of circ_0000673 significantly increased the proliferation and migration of eutopic and normal endometrial cells. Bioinformatics analysis predicted that circ_0000673 might act as a sponge for miR-616-3p. We found that the effect of circ_0000673 knockdown could be recovered by miR-616-3p inhibitor and enhanced by miR-616-3p mimics. qPCR and western blot assays showed that circ_0000673 knockdown could decrease the expression of PTEN and increase the expression of PI3K and p-AKT. PTEN was confirmed to be a target of miR-616-3p. These results demonstrated that the downregulation of circ_0000673 could promote the progression of endometriosis by inactivating PTEN via the deregulation of miR-616-3p.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongwen Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, P. R. China
| | - Deying Ban
- Department of Gynecology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, P. R. China
| | - Chun Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, P. R. China
| | - Licong Shen
- Department of Gynecology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, P. R. China
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Juanes MA. Cytoskeletal Control and Wnt Signaling-APC's Dual Contributions in Stem Cell Division and Colorectal Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E3811. [PMID: 33348689 PMCID: PMC7766042 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12123811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal epithelium architecture is sustained by stem cell division. In principle, stem cells can divide symmetrically to generate two identical copies of themselves or asymmetrically to sustain tissue renewal in a balanced manner. The choice between the two helps preserve stem cell and progeny pools and is crucial for tissue homeostasis. Control of spindle orientation is a prime contributor to the specification of symmetric versus asymmetric cell division. Competition for space within the niche may be another factor limiting the stem cell pool. An integrative view of the multiple links between intracellular and extracellular signals and molecular determinants at play remains a challenge. One outstanding question is the precise molecular roles of the tumour suppressor Adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) for sustaining gut homeostasis through its respective functions as a cytoskeletal hub and a down regulator in Wnt signalling. Here, we review our current understanding of APC inherent activities and partners in order to explore novel avenues by which APC may act as a gatekeeper in colorectal cancer and as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Angeles Juanes
- School of Health and Life Science, Teesside University, Middlesbrough TS1 3BX, UK;
- National Horizons Centre, Teesside University, 38 John Dixon Lane, Darlington DL1 1HG, UK
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Wang H, Tao Z, Feng M, Li X, Deng Z, Zhao G, Yin H, Pan T, Chen G, Feng Z, Li Y, Zhou Y. Dual PLK1 and STAT3 inhibition promotes glioblastoma cells apoptosis through MYC. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 533:368-375. [PMID: 32962858 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the deadliest primary brain tumor that is highly resistant to current treatments. Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) are highly expressed in gliomas, especially GBM. Previous studies have shown reciprocal activation between PLK1 and STAT3 and that they regulate the same pools of MYC downstream. We have demonstrated that PLK1 and STAT3 levels are elevated in gliomas compared with those in normal brain tissues, and high expression of both PLK1 and STAT3 is associated with poor prognosis in TCGA. Moreover, there was direct or indirect reciprocal regulation between PLK1 and STAT3. Furthermore, we found that PLK1 and STAT3 can regulate the same pools of MYC downstream. Compared to monotherapy, combined treatment of glioma cells with PLK1 and STAT3 inhibitors, BI2536 and Stattic, respectively, showed lower expression of MYC, synergistic induction of cell invasion and apoptosis in vitro, and tumor inhibition in xenografts. PLK1 and STAT3 were able to directly regulate the expression of MYC and induce apoptosis of glioma cells through the regulation of MYC. These findings may help develop a therapeutic strategy for dual inhibition of PLK1 and STAT3 against the tumorigenesis of glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhennan Tao
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ming Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xuetao Li
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhitong Deng
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guozheng Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haoran Yin
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tingzheng Pan
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guangliang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zibin Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yanyan Li
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Youxin Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.
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Cunningham CE, MacAuley MJ, Vizeacoumar FS, Abuhussein O, Freywald A, Vizeacoumar FJ. The CINs of Polo-Like Kinase 1 in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12102953. [PMID: 33066048 PMCID: PMC7599805 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12102953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Many alterations specific to cancer cells have been investigated as targets for targeted therapies. Chromosomal instability is a characteristic of nearly all cancers that can limit response to targeted therapies by ensuring the tumor population is not genetically homogenous. Polo-like Kinase 1 (PLK1) is often up regulated in cancers and it regulates chromosomal instability extensively. PLK1 has been the subject of much pre-clinical and clinical studies, but thus far, PLK1 inhibitors have not shown significant improvement in cancer patients. We discuss the numerous roles and interactions of PLK1 in regulating chromosomal instability, and how these may provide an avenue for identifying targets for targeted therapies. As selective inhibitors of PLK1 showed limited clinical success, we also highlight how genetic interactions of PLK1 may be exploited to tackle these challenges. Abstract Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) is overexpressed near ubiquitously across all cancer types and dysregulation of this enzyme is closely tied to increased chromosomal instability and tumor heterogeneity. PLK1 is a mitotic kinase with a critical role in maintaining chromosomal integrity through its function in processes ranging from the mitotic checkpoint, centrosome biogenesis, bipolar spindle formation, chromosome segregation, DNA replication licensing, DNA damage repair, and cytokinesis. The relation between dysregulated PLK1 and chromosomal instability (CIN) makes it an attractive target for cancer therapy. However, clinical trials with PLK1 inhibitors as cancer drugs have generally displayed poor responses or adverse side-effects. This is in part because targeting CIN regulators, including PLK1, can elevate CIN to lethal levels in normal cells, affecting normal physiology. Nevertheless, aiming at related genetic interactions, such as synthetic dosage lethal (SDL) interactions of PLK1 instead of PLK1 itself, can help to avoid the detrimental side effects associated with increased levels of CIN. Since PLK1 overexpression contributes to tumor heterogeneity, targeting SDL interactions may also provide an effective strategy to suppressing this malignant phenotype in a personalized fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea E. Cunningham
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada; (M.J.M.); (F.S.V.)
- Correspondence: (C.E.C.); (A.F.); (F.J.V.); Tel.: +1-(306)-327-7864 (C.E.C.); +1-(306)-966-5248 (A.F.); +1-(306)-966-7010 (F.J.V.)
| | - Mackenzie J. MacAuley
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada; (M.J.M.); (F.S.V.)
| | - Frederick S. Vizeacoumar
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada; (M.J.M.); (F.S.V.)
| | - Omar Abuhussein
- College of Pharmacy, University of Saskatchewan, 104 Clinic Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2Z4, Canada;
| | - Andrew Freywald
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada; (M.J.M.); (F.S.V.)
- Correspondence: (C.E.C.); (A.F.); (F.J.V.); Tel.: +1-(306)-327-7864 (C.E.C.); +1-(306)-966-5248 (A.F.); +1-(306)-966-7010 (F.J.V.)
| | - Franco J. Vizeacoumar
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada; (M.J.M.); (F.S.V.)
- College of Pharmacy, University of Saskatchewan, 104 Clinic Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2Z4, Canada;
- Cancer Research, Saskatchewan Cancer Agency, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
- Correspondence: (C.E.C.); (A.F.); (F.J.V.); Tel.: +1-(306)-327-7864 (C.E.C.); +1-(306)-966-5248 (A.F.); +1-(306)-966-7010 (F.J.V.)
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Huang J, Wen F, Huang W, Bai Y, Lu X, Shu P. Identification of hub genes and discovery of promising compounds in gastric cancer based on bioinformatics analysis. Biomark Med 2020; 14:1069-1084. [PMID: 32969243 DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2019-0608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: To explore the mechanism of gastric carcinogenesis by mining potential hub genes and to search for promising small-molecular compounds for gastric cancer (GC). Materials & methods: The microarray datasets were downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus database and the genes and compounds were analyzed by bioinformatics-related tools and software. Results: Six hub genes (MKI67, PLK1, COL1A1, TPX2, COL1A2 and SPP1) related to the prognosis of GC were confirmed to be upregulated in GC and their high expression was correlated with poor overall survival rate in GC patients. In addition, eight candidate compounds with potential anti-GC activity were identified, among which resveratrol was closely correlated with six hub genes. Conclusion: Six hub genes identified in the present study may contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of the mechanism of gastric carcinogenesis and the predicted potential of resveratrol may provide valuable clues for the future development of targeted anti-GC inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiani Huang
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing210029, Jiangsu Province, China
- College of Traditional ChineseMedicine, College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Fang Wen
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing210029, Jiangsu Province, China
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital ofNanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
- Department of Oncology, Jiangsu Province Hospitalof Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Wenjie Huang
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing210029, Jiangsu Province, China
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital ofNanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
- Department of Oncology, Jiangsu Province Hospitalof Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yingfeng Bai
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing210029, Jiangsu Province, China
- College of Traditional ChineseMedicine, College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xiaona Lu
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing210029, Jiangsu Province, China
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital ofNanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
- Department of Oncology, Jiangsu Province Hospitalof Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Peng Shu
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing210029, Jiangsu Province, China
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital ofNanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
- Department of Oncology, Jiangsu Province Hospitalof Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
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Zhu J, Cui K, Cui Y, Ma C, Zhang Z. PLK1 Knockdown Inhibits Cell Proliferation and Cell Apoptosis, and PLK1 Is Negatively Regulated by miR-4779 in Osteosarcoma Cells. DNA Cell Biol 2020; 39:747-755. [PMID: 32182129 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2019.5002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) is a ubiquitous serine/threonine protein kinase. It is reported to be involved in the occurrence and progression of various human cancers. In the present study, we explored the role and molecular mechanism of PLK1 in the proliferation of osteosarcoma (OS) cells. We found that PLK1 expression was higher in MG63/Dox cells than in MG63 cells, while inhibiting or interfering with the level of PLK1 suppressed cell proliferation of MG63/Dox cells. TargetScan analysis predicted that miR-4779 would interact with the 3'-UTR of PLK1 mRNAs and also inhibit cell autophagy of MG63/Dox cells. The data demonstrated that miR-4779 negatively regulates the expression of PLK1, and both miR-4779 and PLK1 regulate cell proliferation and cell apoptosis of MG63/Dox cells, processes that are involved in the drug resistance of OS cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajun Zhu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The 4th Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Kai Cui
- Department of Orthopaedics, The 4th Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yan Cui
- Department of Orthopaedics, The 4th Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chengbin Ma
- Department of Orthopaedics, The 4th Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhiyu Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The 4th Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Qi B, Zhong L, He J, Zhang H, Li F, Wang T, Zou J, Lin YX, Zhang C, Guo X, Li R, Shi J. Discovery of Inhibitors of Aurora/PLK Targets as Anticancer Agents. J Med Chem 2019; 62:7697-7707. [PMID: 31381325 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Aurora and polo-like kinases control the G2/M phase in cell mitosis, which are both considered as crucial targets for cancer cell proliferations. Here, naphthalene-based Aurora/PLK coinhibitors as leading compounds were designed through in silico approach, and a total of 36 derivatives were synthesized. One candidate (AAPK-25) was selected under in vitro cell based high throughput screening with an IC50 value = 0.4 μM to human colon cancer cell HCT-116. A kinome scan assay showed that AAPK-25 was remarkably selective to both Aurora and PLK families. The relevant genome pathways were also depicted by microarray based gene expression analysis. Furthermore, validated from a set of in vitro and in vivo studies, AAPK-25 significantly inhibited the development of the colon cancer growth and prolonged the median survival time at the end of the administration (p < 0.05). To sum up, AAPK-25 has a great potential to be developed for a chemotherapeutic agent in clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baowen Qi
- College of Pharmacy and Biological Engineering , Chengdu University , Chengdu 610106 , China
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital , Harvard Medical School , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
| | - Ling Zhong
- Sichuan Academy of Medical Science & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Individualized Medication Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, School of Medicine, Center for Information in Medicine , University of Electronic Science and Technology of China , Chengdu 610072 , China
- Chengdu Institute of Biology , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Chengdu 610041 , China
| | - Jun He
- Cancer Center, West China Hospital , Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy , Sichuan 610041 , China
| | - Hongjia Zhang
- Sichuan Academy of Medical Science & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Individualized Medication Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, School of Medicine, Center for Information in Medicine , University of Electronic Science and Technology of China , Chengdu 610072 , China
| | - Fengqiong Li
- Sichuan Academy of Medical Science & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Individualized Medication Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, School of Medicine, Center for Information in Medicine , University of Electronic Science and Technology of China , Chengdu 610072 , China
| | - Ting Wang
- Sichuan Academy of Medical Science & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Individualized Medication Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, School of Medicine, Center for Information in Medicine , University of Electronic Science and Technology of China , Chengdu 610072 , China
| | - Jing Zou
- Sichuan Academy of Medical Science & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Individualized Medication Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, School of Medicine, Center for Information in Medicine , University of Electronic Science and Technology of China , Chengdu 610072 , China
| | - Yao-Xin Lin
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital , Harvard Medical School , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
| | - Chengchen Zhang
- Sichuan Academy of Medical Science & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Individualized Medication Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, School of Medicine, Center for Information in Medicine , University of Electronic Science and Technology of China , Chengdu 610072 , China
| | - Xiaoqiang Guo
- College of Pharmacy and Biological Engineering , Chengdu University , Chengdu 610106 , China
| | - Rui Li
- Cancer Center, West China Hospital , Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy , Sichuan 610041 , China
| | - Jianyou Shi
- Sichuan Academy of Medical Science & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Individualized Medication Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, School of Medicine, Center for Information in Medicine , University of Electronic Science and Technology of China , Chengdu 610072 , China
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Raab M, Strebhardt K, Rudd CE. Immune adaptor SKAP1 acts a scaffold for Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) for the optimal cell cycling of T-cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10462. [PMID: 31320682 PMCID: PMC6639320 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45627-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
While the immune cell adaptor protein SKAP1 mediates LFA-1 activation induced by antigen-receptor (TCR/CD3) ligation on T-cells, it is unclear whether the adaptor interacts with other mediators of T-cell function. In this context, the serine/threonine kinase, polo-like kinase (PLK1) regulates multiple steps in the mitotic and cell cycle progression of mammalian cells. Here, we show that SKAP1 is phosphorylated by and binds to PLK1 for the optimal cycling of T-cells. PLK1 binds to the N-terminal residue serine 31 (S31) of SKAP1 and the interaction is needed for optimal PLK1 kinase activity. Further, siRNA knock-down of SKAP1 reduced the rate of T-cell division concurrent with a delay in the expression of PLK1, Cyclin A and pH3. Reconstitution of these KD cells with WT SKAP1, but not the SKAP1 S31 mutant, restored normal cell division. SKAP1-PLK1 binding is dynamically regulated during the cell cycle of T-cells. Our findings identify a novel role for SKAP1 in the regulation of PLK1 and optimal cell cycling needed for T-cell clonal expansion in response to antigenic activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Raab
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, J.W. Goethe-University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt, Germany.
- Cell Signaling Section, Department of Pathology, Tennis Court Road, University of Cambridge, CB2 1Q, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Klaus Strebhardt
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, J.W. Goethe-University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Christopher E Rudd
- Cell Signaling Section, Department of Pathology, Tennis Court Road, University of Cambridge, CB2 1Q, Cambridge, UK.
- Centre de Recherch-Hopital Maisonneuve-Rosemont (CR-HMR), Montreal, Quebec, H1T 2M4, Canada.
- Département de Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, H3C 3J7, Canada.
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de Cárcer G. The Mitotic Cancer Target Polo-Like Kinase 1: Oncogene or Tumor Suppressor? Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:E208. [PMID: 30862113 PMCID: PMC6470689 DOI: 10.3390/genes10030208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The master mitotic regulator, Polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1), is an essential gene for the correct execution of cell division. Plk1 has strong clinical relevance, as it is considered a bona fide cancer target, it is found overexpressed in a large collection of different cancer types and this tumoral overexpression often correlates with poor patient prognosis. All these data led the scientific community to historically consider Plk1 as an oncogene. Although there is a collection of scientific reports showing how Plk1 can contribute to tumor progression, recent data from different laboratories using mouse models, show that Plk1 can surprisingly play as a tumor suppressor. Therefore, the fact that Plk1 is an oncogene is now under debate. This review summarizes the proposed mechanisms by which Plk1 can play as an oncogene or as a tumor suppressor, and extrapolates this information to clinical features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo de Cárcer
- Cell Cycle & Cancer Biomarkers Group, Cancer Biology Department, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas"Alberto Sols" (IIBm), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas & Universidad Autónoma de Madrid,(CSIC-UAM), C/Arturo Duperier 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
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Liu X, Chen Y, Li Y, Petersen RB, Huang K. Targeting mitosis exit: A brake for cancer cell proliferation. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2019; 1871:179-191. [PMID: 30611728 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2018.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The transition from mitosis to interphase, referred to as mitotic exit, is a critical mitotic process which involves activation and inactivation of multiple mitotic kinases and counteracting protein phosphatases. Loss of mitotic exit checkpoints is a common feature of cancer cells, leading to mitotic dysregulation and confers cancer cells with oncogenic characteristics, such as aberrant proliferation and microtubule-targeting agent (MTA) resistance. Since MTA resistance results from cancer cells prematurely exiting mitosis (mitotic slippage), blocking mitotic exit is believed to be a promising anticancer strategy. Moreover, based on this theory, simultaneous inhibition of mitotic exit and additional cell cycle phases would likely achieve synergistic antitumor effects. In this review, we divide the molecular regulators of mitotic exit into four categories based on their different regulatory functions: 1) the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C, a ubiquitin ligase), 2) cyclin B, 3) mitotic kinases and phosphatases, 4) kinesins and microtubule-binding proteins. We also review the regulators of mitotic exit and propose prospective anticancer strategies targeting mitotic exit, including their strengths and possible challenges to their use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinran Liu
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Yuchen Chen
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Yangkai Li
- Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Robert B Petersen
- Foundational Sciences, Central Michigan University College of Medicine, Mt. Pleasant, MI 48858, USA
| | - Kun Huang
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China.
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Rezaei-Tavirani M, Rezaei Tavirani M, Zamanian Azodi M. The bioinformatics aspects of gene screening of HT-29, human colon cell line treated with caffeic acid. GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY FROM BED TO BENCH 2019; 12:246-253. [PMID: 31528309 PMCID: PMC6668765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AIM To better understand the anticancer properties of coffee, bioinformatics analysis of gene expression profile of HT-29, human colon cell line in the exposure of caffeic acid (CA) is proposed in this study. BACKGROUND Coffee as a popular beverage has been shown to be a potential health promoter as well as being effective on different kinds of diseases including cancer. METHODS The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) across the comparison of groups of samples including none-treated HT-29 and HT-29 tread with CA were applied for the protein-protein interaction mapping. Cytoscape v.3.7.1 constructed a network and analyzed the topological features of the most noteworthy DEGs. RESULTS The genes of CTSZ, AFF4, DHRS2, and HMGCS1 known as active agents in cancer progression, were identified as the central DEGs in the constructed PPI network in this study. Especially, HMGCS1 is the most central gene is also linked to one of the important colon cancer altered processes, cholesterol metabolism. CONCLUSION Lowering the risk of colon cancer could be perhaps through nominated DEGs and therefore, regulation of serum cholesterol as well as protection against cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Rezaei-Tavirani
- Proteomics Research Center, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mona Zamanian Azodi
- Proteomics Research Center, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Ergul M, Bakar-Ates F. RO3280: A Novel PLK1 Inhibitor, Suppressed the Proliferation of MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells Through the Induction of Cell Cycle Arrest at G2/M Point. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2019; 19:1846-1854. [PMID: 31244432 DOI: 10.2174/1871520619666190618162828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As a member of serine/threonine-protein kinase, Polo.like kinase 1 (PLK1) plays crucial roles during mitosis and also contributes to DNA damage response and repair. PLK1 is aberrantly expressed in many types of tumor cells and increased levels of PLK1 are closely related to tumorigenesis and poor clinical outcomes. Therefore, PLK1 is accepted as one of the potential targets for the discovery of novel anticancer agents. The objective of this study was to assess the cytotoxic effects of a novel PLK1 inhibitor, RO3280, against MCF-7, human breast cancer cells; HepG2, human hepatocellular carcinoma cells; and PC3, human prostate cancer cells, as well as non-cancerous L929 fibroblast cells. METHODS Antiproliferative activity of RO3280 was examined using the XTT assay. Flow cytometry assay was performed to evaluate cell cycle distribution, apoptosis, multicaspase activity, mitochondrial membrane potential, and DNA damage response. Apoptosis with fluorescence imaging studies was also examined. RESULTS According to the results of XTT assay, although RO3280 displayed potent cytotoxicity in all treated cancer cells, the most sensitive cell line was identified as MCF-7 cells that were selected for further studies. The compound induced a cell cycle arrest in MCF-7 cells at G2/M phase and significantly induced apoptosis, multicaspase activity, DNA damage response, and decreased mitochondrial membrane potential of MCF-7 cells. CONCLUSION Overall, RO3280 induces anticancer effects promoted mainly by DNA damage, cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis in breast cancer cells. Further studies are needed to assess its usability as an anticancer agent with specific cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Ergul
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Filiz Bakar-Ates
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
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Yang X, Mo W, Fang Y, Wei G, Wei M, Dang Y, Chen G, Hu K, Wei D. Up-regulation of Polo-like Kinase 1 in nasopharyngeal carcinoma tissues: a comprehensive investigation based on RNA-sequencing, gene chips, and in-house tissue arrays. Am J Transl Res 2018; 10:3924-3940. [PMID: 30662640 PMCID: PMC6325506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a highly invasive malignancy which has unique characteristics when found among individuals from certain ethnic or geographic populations. The role and molecular mechanism of Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) in NPC remain yet to be clarified. Hence, the aim of this study is to identify the clinical implications of PLK1 in NPC based on gene chip, tissue microarray, and other silico approaches. METHODS Relevant data related to PLK1 levels in NPC was screened for by searching in SRA, GEO, ArrayExpress, Oncomine and throughout the existing literature on this topic. The raw data about gene chips were normalized by using an RMA algorithm provided by "Limma" package. Furthermore, the "SVA" package of R software was used to remove the batch effect and data from the same platform were merged into one part. The differential expression levels of PLK1 between NPC and non-NPC tissues were extracted and analyzed with the Student's t-test. Meta-analyses were used to calculate the standard mean difference and sROC. Furthermore, in-house immunohistochemistry was performed with tissue microarrays. Weighted correlation network analysis was used to identify the PLK1-related genes. Several bioinformatic evaluations, including the Gene Ontology, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes, and protein-protein interactions, were also performed to assess the PLK1-related pathways. RESULTS The tissue microarray and gene chips indicated that the PLK1 levels clearly had an up-regulating trend as compared to the non-cancerous controls. These trends were observed in both the single study and the comprehensive meta-analysis. The area under the sROC curve in the NPC tissues was 0.87, with pooled sensitivity and specificity at 0.950 and 0.710, respectively, based on 393 NPC tissues and 83 non-cancerous controls. A total of 144 genes were identified as co-expressed genes of PLK1 in NPC and were mainly enriched in the "cell cycle" pathway. Among the genes related to the cell cycle, CDK1, CCNA2 and CCNB2 were all closely related to PLK1 expression level. CONCLUSIONS PLK1 may play a potential oncogenic role in the tumorigenesis and development of NPC. Since several PLK1 inhibitors have been developed, it is believed that the PLK1 inhibitors have great therapeutic potential in clinic applications for NPC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Yang
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Weijia Mo
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Yeying Fang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Radiation Oncology Clinical Medical Research Center of Guangxi, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Ganguan Wei
- Department of ENT and HN Surgery, NO. 303 Hospital of PLA52 Zhiwu Road, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Minda Wei
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Yiwu Dang
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Kai Hu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Radiation Oncology Clinical Medical Research Center of Guangxi, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Danming Wei
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
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Strebhardt K, Raab M, Sanhaji M. The role of PLK1 in cancer exhibiting chromosomal instability. Mol Cell Oncol 2018; 5:e1485539. [PMID: 30525086 PMCID: PMC6276849 DOI: 10.1080/23723556.2018.1485539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) mutations cause aneuploidy and are responsible for familial adenomatous polyposis characterized by chromosomal instability. PLK1 contributes to sustain an intact spindle assembly checkpoint ensuring genomic stability. In our work using independent ApcMin/+ mouse models we revealed that PLK1 functions as tumor suppressor in APC-mutated colorectal cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Strebhardt
- Department of Gynecology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK)/German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Monika Raab
- Department of Gynecology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Mourad Sanhaji
- Department of Gynecology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
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