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Aldaz P, Olias-Arjona A, Lasheras-Otero I, Ausin K, Redondo-Muñoz M, Wellbrock C, Santamaria E, Fernandez-Irigoyen J, Arozarena I. Drug-Induced Reorganisation of Lipid Metabolism Limits the Therapeutic Efficacy of Ponatinib in Glioma Stem Cells. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:728. [PMID: 38931850 PMCID: PMC11206984 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16060728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The standard of care for glioblastoma (GBM) involves surgery followed by adjuvant radio- and chemotherapy, but often within months, patients relapse, and this has been linked to glioma stem cells (GSCs), self-renewing cells with increased therapy resistance. The identification of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) as key players in gliomagenesis inspired the development of inhibitors targeting these tyrosine kinases (TKIs). However, results from clinical trials testing TKIs have been disappointing, and while the role of GSCs in conventional therapy resistance has been extensively studied, less is known about resistance of GSCs to TKIs. In this study, we have used compartmentalised proteomics to analyse the adaptive response of GSCs to ponatinib, a TKI with activity against PDGFR. The analysis of differentially expressed proteins revealed that GSCs respond to ponatinib by broadly rewiring lipid metabolism, involving fatty acid beta-oxidation, cholesterol synthesis, and sphingolipid degradation. Inhibiting each of these metabolic pathways overcame ponatinib adaptation of GSCs, but interrogation of patient data revealed sphingolipid degradation as the most relevant pathway in GBM. Our data highlight that targeting lipid metabolism, and particularly sphingolipid degradation in combinatorial therapies, could improve the outcome of TKI therapies using ponatinib in GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Aldaz
- Cancer Signaling Unit, Navarrabiomed, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Irunlarrea 3, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (A.O.-A.); (I.L.-O.); (M.R.-M.); (C.W.)
- Health Research Institute of Navarre (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (K.A.); (E.S.); (J.F.-I.)
| | - Ana Olias-Arjona
- Cancer Signaling Unit, Navarrabiomed, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Irunlarrea 3, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (A.O.-A.); (I.L.-O.); (M.R.-M.); (C.W.)
- Health Research Institute of Navarre (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (K.A.); (E.S.); (J.F.-I.)
| | - Irene Lasheras-Otero
- Cancer Signaling Unit, Navarrabiomed, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Irunlarrea 3, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (A.O.-A.); (I.L.-O.); (M.R.-M.); (C.W.)
- Health Research Institute of Navarre (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (K.A.); (E.S.); (J.F.-I.)
| | - Karina Ausin
- Health Research Institute of Navarre (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (K.A.); (E.S.); (J.F.-I.)
- Proteomics Platform, Navarrabiomed, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Marta Redondo-Muñoz
- Cancer Signaling Unit, Navarrabiomed, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Irunlarrea 3, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (A.O.-A.); (I.L.-O.); (M.R.-M.); (C.W.)
- Health Research Institute of Navarre (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (K.A.); (E.S.); (J.F.-I.)
| | - Claudia Wellbrock
- Cancer Signaling Unit, Navarrabiomed, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Irunlarrea 3, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (A.O.-A.); (I.L.-O.); (M.R.-M.); (C.W.)
- Health Research Institute of Navarre (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (K.A.); (E.S.); (J.F.-I.)
- Department of Health Sciences, Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Enrique Santamaria
- Health Research Institute of Navarre (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (K.A.); (E.S.); (J.F.-I.)
- Clinical Neuroproteomics Unit, Navarrabiomed, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Joaquin Fernandez-Irigoyen
- Health Research Institute of Navarre (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (K.A.); (E.S.); (J.F.-I.)
- Proteomics Platform, Navarrabiomed, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Imanol Arozarena
- Cancer Signaling Unit, Navarrabiomed, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Irunlarrea 3, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (A.O.-A.); (I.L.-O.); (M.R.-M.); (C.W.)
- Health Research Institute of Navarre (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (K.A.); (E.S.); (J.F.-I.)
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Li X, Zhang C, Deng M, Jiang Y, He Z, Qian H. EFNB1 levels determine distinct drug response patterns guiding precision therapy for B-cell neoplasms. iScience 2024; 27:108667. [PMID: 38155773 PMCID: PMC10753073 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The multi-omics data has greatly improved the molecular diagnosis of B-cell neoplasms, but there is still a lack of predictive biomarkers to guide precision therapy. Here, we analyzed publicly available data and found that B-cell neoplasm cell lines with different levels of EFNB1 had distinctive drug response patterns of inhibitors targeting SRC/PI3K/AKT. Overexpression of EFNB1 promoted phosphorylation of key proteins in drug response, such as SRC and STMN1, conferring sensitivity to SRC inhibitor and cytotoxic drugs. EFNB1 phosphorylation signaling network was significantly associated with the prognosis of GCB-DLBCL patients. Moreover, EFNB1 levels were correlated with cell of origin (COO) scores, suggesting that EFNB1 is a quantitative indicator of cell differentiation. Ultimately, we proposed a model for the stratification of human B-cell malignancies and the implementation of targeted therapies based on EFNB1 levels. Our findings highlight that EFNB1 level is a promising biomarker for predicting drug response, COO and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxi Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chenxiao Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Minyao Deng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yong Jiang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhengjin He
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Qian
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
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Pasupuleti V, Vora L, Prasad R, Nandakumar DN, Khatri DK. Glioblastoma preclinical models: Strengths and weaknesses. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2024; 1879:189059. [PMID: 38109948 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.189059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme is a highly malignant brain tumor with significant intra- and intertumoral heterogeneity known for its aggressive nature and poor prognosis. The complex signaling cascade that regulates this heterogeneity makes targeted drug therapy ineffective. The development of an optimal preclinical model is crucial for the comprehension of molecular heterogeneity and enhancing therapeutic efficacy. The ideal model should establish a relationship between various oncogenes and their corresponding responses. This review presents an analysis of preclinical in vivo and in vitro models that have contributed to the advancement of knowledge in model development. The experimental designs utilized in vivo models consisting of both immunodeficient and immunocompetent mice induced with intracranial glioma. The transgenic model was generated using various techniques, like the viral vector delivery system, transposon system, Cre-LoxP model, and CRISPR-Cas9 approaches. The utilization of the patient-derived xenograft model in glioma research is valuable because it closely replicates the human glioma microenvironment, providing evidence of tumor heterogeneity. The utilization of in vitro techniques in the initial stages of research facilitated the comprehension of molecular interactions. However, these techniques are inadequate in reproducing the interactions between cells and extracellular matrix (ECM). As a result, bioengineered 3D-in vitro models, including spheroids, scaffolds, and brain organoids, were developed to cultivate glioma cells in a three-dimensional environment. These models have enabled researchers to understand the influence of ECM on the invasive nature of tumors. Collectively, these preclinical models effectively depict the molecular pathways and facilitate the evaluation of multiple molecules while tailoring drug therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasavi Pasupuleti
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Lalitkumar Vora
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, BT9 7BL, UK.
| | - Renuka Prasad
- Department of Anatomy, Korea University College of Medicine, Moonsuk Medical Research Building, 516, 5th floor, 73 Inchon-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 12841, Republic of Korea
| | - D N Nandakumar
- Department of Neurochemistry National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore 560029, India
| | - Dharmendra Kumar Khatri
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
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Scherschinski L, Han C, Kim YH, Winkler EA, Catapano JS, Schriber TD, Vajkoczy P, Lawton MT, Oh SP. Localized conditional induction of brain arteriovenous malformations in a mouse model of hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia. Angiogenesis 2023; 26:493-503. [PMID: 37219736 PMCID: PMC10542309 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-023-09881-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Longitudinal mouse models of brain arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are crucial for developing novel therapeutics and pathobiological mechanism discovery underlying brain AVM progression and rupture. The sustainability of existing mouse models is limited by ubiquitous Cre activation, which is associated with lethal hemorrhages resulting from AVM formation in visceral organs. To overcome this condition, we developed a novel experimental mouse model of hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) with CreER-mediated specific, localized induction of brain AVMs. METHODS Hydroxytamoxifen (4-OHT) was stereotactically delivered into the striatum, parietal cortex, or cerebellum of R26CreER; Alk12f/2f (Alk1-iKO) littermates. Mice were evaluated for vascular malformations with latex dye perfusion and 3D time-of-flight magnetic resonance angiography (MRA). Immunofluorescence and Prussian blue staining were performed for vascular lesion characterization. RESULTS Our model produced two types of brain vascular malformations, including nidal AVMs (88%, 38/43) and arteriovenous fistulas (12%, 5/43), with an overall frequency of 73% (43/59). By performing stereotaxic injection of 4-OHT targeting different brain regions, Alk1-iKO mice developed vascular malformations in the striatum (73%, 22/30), in the parietal cortex (76%, 13/17), and in the cerebellum (67%, 8/12). Identical application of the stereotaxic injection protocol in reporter mice confirmed localized Cre activity near the injection site. The 4-week mortality was 3% (2/61). Seven mice were studied longitudinally for a mean (SD; range) duration of 7.2 (3; 2.3-9.5) months and demonstrated nidal stability on sequential MRA. The brain AVMs displayed microhemorrhages and diffuse immune cell invasion. CONCLUSIONS We present the first HHT mouse model of brain AVMs that produces localized AVMs in the brain. The mouse lesions closely resemble the human lesions for complex nidal angioarchitecture, arteriovenous shunts, microhemorrhages, and inflammation. The model's longitudinal robustness is a powerful discovery resource to advance our pathomechanistic understanding of brain AVMs and identify novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea Scherschinski
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Barrow Aneurysm and AVM Research Center, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, 350 W. Thomas Rd., Phoenix, AZ, 85013, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Chul Han
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Barrow Aneurysm and AVM Research Center, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, 350 W. Thomas Rd., Phoenix, AZ, 85013, USA
| | - Yong Hwan Kim
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Barrow Aneurysm and AVM Research Center, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, 350 W. Thomas Rd., Phoenix, AZ, 85013, USA
| | - Ethan A Winkler
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Barrow Aneurysm and AVM Research Center, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, 350 W. Thomas Rd., Phoenix, AZ, 85013, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Joshua S Catapano
- Department of Neurosurgery, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Tyler D Schriber
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Barrow Aneurysm and AVM Research Center, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, 350 W. Thomas Rd., Phoenix, AZ, 85013, USA
| | - Peter Vajkoczy
- Department of Neurosurgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael T Lawton
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Barrow Aneurysm and AVM Research Center, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, 350 W. Thomas Rd., Phoenix, AZ, 85013, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - S Paul Oh
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Barrow Aneurysm and AVM Research Center, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, 350 W. Thomas Rd., Phoenix, AZ, 85013, USA.
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Tan Y, Wang Z, Xu M, Li B, Huang Z, Qin S, Nice EC, Tang J, Huang C. Oral squamous cell carcinomas: state of the field and emerging directions. Int J Oral Sci 2023; 15:44. [PMID: 37736748 PMCID: PMC10517027 DOI: 10.1038/s41368-023-00249-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) develops on the mucosal epithelium of the oral cavity. It accounts for approximately 90% of oral malignancies and impairs appearance, pronunciation, swallowing, and flavor perception. In 2020, 377,713 OSCC cases were reported globally. According to the Global Cancer Observatory (GCO), the incidence of OSCC will rise by approximately 40% by 2040, accompanied by a growth in mortality. Persistent exposure to various risk factors, including tobacco, alcohol, betel quid (BQ), and human papillomavirus (HPV), will lead to the development of oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs), which are oral mucosal lesions with an increased risk of developing into OSCC. Complex and multifactorial, the oncogenesis process involves genetic alteration, epigenetic modification, and a dysregulated tumor microenvironment. Although various therapeutic interventions, such as chemotherapy, radiation, immunotherapy, and nanomedicine, have been proposed to prevent or treat OSCC and OPMDs, understanding the mechanism of malignancies will facilitate the identification of therapeutic and prognostic factors, thereby improving the efficacy of treatment for OSCC patients. This review summarizes the mechanisms involved in OSCC. Moreover, the current therapeutic interventions and prognostic methods for OSCC and OPMDs are discussed to facilitate comprehension and provide several prospective outlooks for the fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhan Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
- West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhihan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Mengtong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Bowen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Siyuan Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Edouard C Nice
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Jing Tang
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Canhua Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China.
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Yeo AT, Shah R, Aliazis K, Pal R, Xu T, Zhang P, Rawal S, Rose CM, Varn FS, Appleman VA, Yoon J, Varma H, Gygi SP, Verhaak RG, Boussiotis VA, Charest A. Driver Mutations Dictate the Immunologic Landscape and Response to Checkpoint Immunotherapy of Glioblastoma. Cancer Immunol Res 2023; 11:629-645. [PMID: 36881002 PMCID: PMC10155040 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-22-0655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
The composition of the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) is considered a key determinant of patients' response to immunotherapy. The mechanisms underlying TIME formation and development over time are poorly understood. Glioblastoma (GBM) is a lethal primary brain cancer for which there are no curative treatments. GBMs are immunologically heterogeneous and impervious to checkpoint blockade immunotherapies. Utilizing clinically relevant genetic mouse models of GBM, we identified distinct immune landscapes associated with expression of EGFR wild-type and mutant EGFRvIII cancer driver mutations. Over time, accumulation of polymorphonuclear myeloid-derived suppressor cells (PMN-MDSC) was more pronounced in EGFRvIII-driven GBMs and was correlated with resistance to PD-1 and CTLA-4 combination checkpoint blockade immunotherapy. We determined that GBM-secreted CXCL1/2/3 and PMN-MDSC-expressed CXCR2 formed an axis regulating output of PMN-MDSCs from the bone marrow leading to systemic increase in these cells in the spleen and GBM tumor-draining lymph nodes. Pharmacologic targeting of this axis induced a systemic decrease in the numbers of PMN-MDSC, facilitated responses to PD-1 and CTLA-4 combination checkpoint blocking immunotherapy, and prolonged survival in mice bearing EGFRvIII-driven GBM. Our results uncover a relationship between cancer driver mutations, TIME composition, and sensitivity to checkpoint blockade in GBM and support the stratification of patients with GBM for checkpoint blockade therapy based on integrated genotypic and immunologic profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan T. Yeo
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
- Sackler School of Graduate Studies, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Rushil Shah
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Konstantinos Aliazis
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Rinku Pal
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Tuoye Xu
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Piyan Zhang
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Shruti Rawal
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Frederick S. Varn
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Vicky A. Appleman
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Joon Yoon
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Hemant Varma
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Steven P. Gygi
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Roel G.W. Verhaak
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Vassiliki A. Boussiotis
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Al Charest
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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Chen AT, Xiao Y, Tang X, Baqri M, Gao X, Reschke M, Sheu WC, Long G, Zhou Y, Deng G, Zhang S, Deng Y, Bai Z, Kim D, Huttner A, Kunes R, Günel M, Moliterno J, Saltzman WM, Fan R, Zhou J. Cross-platform analysis reveals cellular and molecular landscape of glioblastoma invasion. Neuro Oncol 2023; 25:482-494. [PMID: 35901838 PMCID: PMC10013636 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noac186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Improved treatment of glioblastoma (GBM) needs to address tumor invasion, a hallmark of the disease that remains poorly understood. In this study, we profiled GBM invasion through integrative analysis of histological and single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data from 10 patients. METHODS Human histology samples, patient-derived xenograft mouse histology samples, and scRNA-seq data were collected from 10 GBM patients. Tumor invasion was characterized and quantified at the phenotypic level using hematoxylin and eosin and Ki-67 histology stains. Crystallin alpha B (CRYAB) and CD44 were identified as regulators of tumor invasion from scRNA-seq transcriptomic data and validated in vitro, in vivo, and in a mouse GBM resection model. RESULTS At the cellular level, we found that invasive GBM are less dense and proliferative than their non-invasive counterparts. At the molecular level, we identified unique transcriptomic features that significantly contribute to GBM invasion. Specifically, we found that CRYAB significantly contributes to postoperative recurrence and is highly co-expressed with CD44 in invasive GBM samples. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, our analysis identifies differentially expressed features between invasive and nodular GBM, and describes a novel relationship between CRYAB and CD44 that contributes to tumor invasiveness, establishing a cellular and molecular landscape of GBM invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mehdi Baqri
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Xingchun Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Melanie Reschke
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Wendy C Sheu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Gretchen Long
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Yu Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Gang Deng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Shenqi Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Yanxiang Deng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Zhiliang Bai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Dongjoo Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Anita Huttner
- Department of Pathology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Russell Kunes
- Department of Statistics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Murat Günel
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - W Mark Saltzman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Rong Fan
- Corresponding Authors: Rong Fan, PhD, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, 55 Prospect Street, New Haven, CT 06511, USA (); Jiangbing Zhou, PhD, Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University, 310 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06510, USA ()
| | - Jiangbing Zhou
- Corresponding Authors: Rong Fan, PhD, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, 55 Prospect Street, New Haven, CT 06511, USA (); Jiangbing Zhou, PhD, Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University, 310 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06510, USA ()
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Liu X, Hu Y, Xue Z, Zhang X, Liu X, Liu G, Wen M, Chen A, Huang B, Li X, Yang N, Wang J. Valtrate, an iridoid compound in Valeriana, elicits anti-glioblastoma activity through inhibition of the PDGFRA/MEK/ERK signaling pathway. J Transl Med 2023; 21:147. [PMID: 36829235 PMCID: PMC9960449 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-03984-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Valtrate, a natural compound isolated from the root of Valeriana, exhibits antitumor activity in many cancers through different mechanisms. However, its efficacy for the treatment of glioblastoma (GBM), a tumor type with a poor prognosis, has not yet been rigorously investigated. METHODS GBM cell lines were treated with valtrate and CCK-8, colony formation and EdU assays, flow cytometry, and transwell, 3D tumor spheroid invasion and GBM-brain organoid co-culture invasion assays were performed to assess properties of proliferation, viability, apoptosis and invasion/migration. RNA sequencing analysis on valtrate-treated cells was performed to identify putative target genes underlying the antitumor activity of the drug in GBM cells. Western blot analysis, immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry were performed to evaluate protein levels in valtrate-treated cell lines and in samples obtained from orthotopic xenografts. A specific activator of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) was used to identify the pathways mediating the effect. RESULTS Valtrate significantly inhibited the proliferation of GBM cells in vitro by inducing mitochondrial apoptosis and suppressed invasion and migration of GBM cells by inhibiting levels of proteins associated with epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT). RNA sequencing analysis of valtrate-treated GBM cells revealed platelet-derived growth factor receptor A (PDGFRA) as a potential target downregulated by the drug. Analysis of PDGFRA protein and downstream mediators demonstrated that valtrate inhibited PDGFRA/MEK/ERK signaling. Finally, treatment of tumor-bearing nude mice with valtrate led to decreased tumor volume (fivefold difference at day 28) and enhanced survival (day 27 vs day 36, control vs valtrate-treated) relative to controls. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our study demonstrated that the natural product valtrate elicits antitumor activity in GBM cells through targeting PDGFRA and thus provides a candidate therapeutic compound for the treatment of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemeng Liu
- grid.452402.50000 0004 1808 3430Department of Neurosurgery, Cheeloo College of Medicine and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012 China ,grid.27255.370000 0004 1761 1174Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory and Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan, 250117 China
| | - Yaotian Hu
- grid.452402.50000 0004 1808 3430Department of Neurosurgery, Cheeloo College of Medicine and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012 China ,grid.27255.370000 0004 1761 1174Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory and Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan, 250117 China
| | - Zhiyi Xue
- grid.452402.50000 0004 1808 3430Department of Neurosurgery, Cheeloo College of Medicine and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012 China ,grid.27255.370000 0004 1761 1174Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory and Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan, 250117 China
| | - Xun Zhang
- grid.452402.50000 0004 1808 3430Department of Neurosurgery, Cheeloo College of Medicine and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012 China ,grid.27255.370000 0004 1761 1174Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory and Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan, 250117 China
| | - Xiaofei Liu
- grid.452402.50000 0004 1808 3430Department of Neurosurgery, Cheeloo College of Medicine and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012 China ,grid.27255.370000 0004 1761 1174Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory and Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan, 250117 China
| | - Guowei Liu
- grid.452402.50000 0004 1808 3430Department of Neurosurgery, Cheeloo College of Medicine and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012 China ,grid.27255.370000 0004 1761 1174Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory and Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan, 250117 China
| | - Muzi Wen
- grid.284723.80000 0000 8877 7471School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Foushan, 528000 China
| | - Anjing Chen
- grid.452402.50000 0004 1808 3430Department of Neurosurgery, Cheeloo College of Medicine and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012 China ,grid.27255.370000 0004 1761 1174Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory and Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan, 250117 China
| | - Bin Huang
- grid.452402.50000 0004 1808 3430Department of Neurosurgery, Cheeloo College of Medicine and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012 China ,grid.27255.370000 0004 1761 1174Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory and Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan, 250117 China
| | - Xingang Li
- grid.452402.50000 0004 1808 3430Department of Neurosurgery, Cheeloo College of Medicine and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012 China ,grid.27255.370000 0004 1761 1174Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory and Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan, 250117 China
| | - Ning Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cheeloo College of Medicine and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China. .,Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory and Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan, 250117, China. .,Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cheeloo College of Medicine and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China. .,Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory and Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan, 250117, China. .,Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies Vei 91, 5009, Bergen, Norway.
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9
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Lv D, Gimple RC, Zhong C, Wu Q, Yang K, Prager BC, Godugu B, Qiu Z, Zhao L, Zhang G, Dixit D, Lee D, Shen JZ, Li X, Xie Q, Wang X, Agnihotri S, Rich JN. PDGF signaling inhibits mitophagy in glioblastoma stem cells through N 6-methyladenosine. Dev Cell 2022; 57:1466-1481.e6. [PMID: 35659339 PMCID: PMC9239307 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2022.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Dysregulated growth factor receptor pathways, RNA modifications, and metabolism each promote tumor heterogeneity. Here, we demonstrate that platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) signaling induces N6-methyladenosine (m6A) accumulation in glioblastoma (GBM) stem cells (GSCs) to regulate mitophagy. PDGF ligands stimulate early growth response 1 (EGR1) transcription to induce methyltransferase-like 3 (METTL3) to promote GSC proliferation and self-renewal. Targeting the PDGF-METTL3 axis inhibits mitophagy by regulating m6A modification of optineurin (OPTN). Forced OPTN expression phenocopies PDGF inhibition, and OPTN levels portend longer survival of GBM patients; these results suggest a tumor-suppressive role for OPTN. Pharmacologic targeting of METTL3 augments anti-tumor efficacy of PDGF receptor (PDGFR) and mitophagy inhibitors in vitro and in vivo. Collectively, we define PDGF signaling as an upstream regulator of oncogenic m6A regulation, driving tumor metabolism to promote cancer stem cell maintenance, highlighting PDGF-METTL3-OPTN signaling as a GBM therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deguan Lv
- Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA; Division of Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, CA 92037, USA
| | - Ryan C Gimple
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, CA 92037, USA; Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Cuiqing Zhong
- Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA; Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, San Diego, CA 92037, USA
| | - Qiulian Wu
- Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
| | - Kailin Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Taussig Cancer Center, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Briana C Prager
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, CA 92037, USA; Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Bhaskar Godugu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Zhixin Qiu
- Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA; Division of Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, CA 92037, USA
| | - Linjie Zhao
- Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA; Division of Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, CA 92037, USA
| | - Guoxin Zhang
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, CA 92037, USA
| | - Deobrat Dixit
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, CA 92037, USA
| | - Derrick Lee
- Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA; Division of Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, CA 92037, USA
| | - Jia Z Shen
- Tumor Initiation and Maintenance Program, NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, San Diego, CA 92037, USA
| | - Xiqing Li
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, CA 92037, USA; Department of Oncology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, China
| | - Qi Xie
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, CA 92037, USA; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China
| | - Xiuxing Wang
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, CA 92037, USA; School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Sameer Agnihotri
- Department of Neurological Surgery, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | - Jeremy N Rich
- Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA; Division of Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, CA 92037, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA.
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10
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Li SY, Johnson R, Smyth LC, Dragunow M. Platelet-derived growth factor signalling in neurovascular function and disease. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2022; 145:106187. [PMID: 35217189 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2022.106187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Platelet-derived growth factors are critical for cerebrovascular development and homeostasis. Abnormalities in this signalling pathway are implicated in neurological diseases, especially those where neurovascular dysfunction and neuroinflammation plays a prominent role in disease pathologies, such as stroke and Alzheimer's disease; the angiogenic nature of this pathway also draws its significance in brain malignancies such as glioblastoma where tumour angiogenesis is profuse. In this review, we provide an updated overview of the actions of the platelet-derived growth factors on neurovascular function, their role in the regulation of perivascular cell types expressing the cognate receptors, neurological diseases associated with aberrance in signalling, and highlight the clinical relevance and therapeutic potentials of this pathway for central nervous system diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Ys Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Centre for Brain Research, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Rebecca Johnson
- Department of Pharmacology and Centre for Brain Research, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Leon Cd Smyth
- Center for Brain Immunology and Glia, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Mike Dragunow
- Department of Pharmacology and Centre for Brain Research, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
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11
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Sun M, Wang C, Lv M, Fan Z, Du J. Intracellular Self-Assembly of Peptides to Induce Apoptosis against Drug-Resistant Melanoma. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:7337-7345. [PMID: 35357824 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c00697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Biosynthesis has been a diverse toolbox to develop bioactive molecules and materials, especially for fabricating modified peptides and their assemblies induced by enzymes. Although desired chemical structures and nanoarchitectures have been achieved, the subsequent interferences of peptide assemblies with organelles and the cellular pathways still remain unsolved important challenges. Herein, we developed a new tripeptide, phenylalanine-phenylalanine-tyrosine (Phe-Phe-Tyr, or FFY), which can be intracellularly oxidized and in situ self-assemble into nanoparticles with excellent interference capability with microtubules and ultimately reverse the drug resistance of melanoma. With the catalysis of tyrosinase, FFY was first oxidized to a melanin-like FFY dimer (mFFY) with a diquinone structure for further self-assembling into mFFY assemblies, which could inhibit the self-polymerization of tubulin to induce severe G2/M arrest (13.9% higher than control). Afterward, mitochondrial dysfunction was also induced for overproduction of cleaved caspase 3 (3.1 times higher than control) and cleaved PARP (6.3 times higher), achieving a high level of resistant reversing without chemotherapeutic drugs. In vivo studies showed that the resistant melanoma tumor volumes were reduced by 87.4% compared to control groups after FFY treatment by peritumoral injections. Overall, this tyrosinase-induced tripeptide assembly has been demonstrated with effective intrinsic apoptosis against drug-resistant melanoma, providing a new insight into utilizing biomolecules to interfere with organelles to activate certain apoptosis pathways for treatment of drug-resistant cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Sun
- Department of Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 4800 Caoan Road, Shanghai 201804, China
| | - Congyu Wang
- Department of Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 4800 Caoan Road, Shanghai 201804, China
| | - Mingchen Lv
- Department of Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 4800 Caoan Road, Shanghai 201804, China
| | - Zhen Fan
- Department of Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 4800 Caoan Road, Shanghai 201804, China.,Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200434, China.,Institute for Advanced Study, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jianzhong Du
- Department of Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 4800 Caoan Road, Shanghai 201804, China.,Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200434, China
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12
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Gai QJ, Fu Z, He J, Mao M, Yao XX, Qin Y, Lan X, Zhang L, Miao JY, Wang YX, Zhu J, Yang FC, Lu HM, Yan ZX, Chen FL, Shi Y, Ping YF, Cui YH, Zhang X, Liu X, Yao XH, Lv SQ, Bian XW, Wang Y. EPHA2 mediates PDGFA activity and functions together with PDGFRA as prognostic marker and therapeutic target in glioblastoma. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:33. [PMID: 35105853 PMCID: PMC8807725 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-021-00855-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelet-derived growth subunit A (PDGFA) plays critical roles in development of glioblastoma (GBM) with substantial evidence from TCGA database analyses and in vivo mouse models. So far, only platelet-derived growth receptor α (PDGFRA) has been identified as receptor for PDGFA. However, PDGFA and PDGFRA are categorized into different molecular subtypes of GBM in TCGA_GBM database. Our data herein further showed that activity or expression deficiency of PDGFRA did not effectively block PDGFA activity. Therefore, PDGFRA might be not necessary for PDGFA function.To profile proteins involved in PDGFA function, we performed co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) and Mass Spectrum (MS) and delineated the network of PDGFA-associated proteins for the first time. Unexpectedly, the data showed that EPHA2 could be temporally activated by PDGFA even without activation of PDGFRA and AKT. Furthermore, MS, Co-IP, in vitro binding thermodynamics, and proximity ligation assay consistently proved the interaction of EPHA2 and PDGFA. In addition, we observed that high expression of EPHA2 leaded to upregulation of PDGF signaling targets in TCGA_GBM database and clinical GBM samples. Co-upregulation of PDGFRA and EPHA2 leaded to worse patient prognosis and poorer therapeutic effects than other contexts, which might arise from expression elevation of genes related with malignant molecular subtypes and invasive growth. Due to PDGFA-induced EPHA2 activation, blocking PDGFRA by inhibitor could not effectively suppress proliferation of GBM cells, but simultaneous inhibition of both EPHA2 and PDGFRA showed synergetic inhibitory effects on GBM cells in vitro and in vivo. Taken together, our study provided new insights on PDGFA function and revealed EPHA2 as a potential receptor of PDGFA. EPHA2 might contribute to PDGFA signaling transduction in combination with PDGFRA and mediate the resistance of GBM cells to PDGFRA inhibitor. Therefore, combination of inhibitors targeting PDGFRA and EHA2 represented a promising therapeutic strategy for GBM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qu-Jing Gai
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Zhen Fu
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Jiang He
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Min Mao
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Xiao-Xue Yao
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Yan Qin
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Xi Lan
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Jing-Ya Miao
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Yan-Xia Wang
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Jiang Zhu
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Fei-Cheng Yang
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Hui-Min Lu
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Biobank of Institute of Pathology, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Ze-Xuan Yan
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Fang-Lin Chen
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Institute of Cancer, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Yu Shi
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Yi-Fang Ping
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - You-Hong Cui
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Xia Zhang
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Xindong Liu
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Xiao-Hong Yao
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Sheng-Qing Lv
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China.
| | - Xiu-Wu Bian
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China.
| | - Yan Wang
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China.
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13
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Aldaz P, Arozarena I. Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors in Adult Glioblastoma: An (Un)Closed Chapter? Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:5799. [PMID: 34830952 PMCID: PMC8616487 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13225799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and lethal form of malignant brain tumor. GBM patients normally undergo surgery plus adjuvant radiotherapy followed by chemotherapy. Numerous studies into the molecular events driving GBM highlight the central role played by the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR), as well as the Platelet-derived Growth Factor Receptors PDGFRA and PDGFRB in tumor initiation and progression. Despite strong preclinical evidence for the therapeutic potential of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) that target EGFR, PDGFRs, and other tyrosine kinases, clinical trials performed during the last 20 years have not led to the desired therapeutic breakthrough for GBM patients. While clinical trials are still ongoing, in the medical community there is the perception of TKIs as a lost opportunity in the fight against GBM. In this article, we review the scientific rationale for the use of TKIs targeting glioma drivers. We critically analyze the potential causes for the failure of TKIs in the treatment of GBM, and we propose alternative approaches to the clinical evaluation of TKIs in GBM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Aldaz
- Cancer Signaling Unit, Navarrabiomed, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Health Research Institute of Navarre (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Imanol Arozarena
- Cancer Signaling Unit, Navarrabiomed, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Health Research Institute of Navarre (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
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14
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Almengló C, Caamaño P, Fraga M, Devesa J, Costoya JA, Arce VM. From neural stem cells to glioblastoma: A natural history of GBM recapitulated in vitro. J Cell Physiol 2021; 236:7390-7404. [PMID: 33959982 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Due to its aggressive and invasive nature glioblastoma (GBM), the most common and aggressive primary brain tumour in adults, remains almost invariably lethal. Significant advances in the last several years have elucidated much of the molecular and genetic complexities of GBM. However, GBM exhibits a vast genetic variation and a wide diversity of phenotypes that have complicated the development of effective therapeutic strategies. This complex pathogenesis makes necessary the development of experimental models that could be used to further understand the disease, and also to provide a more realistic testing ground for potential therapies. In this report, we describe the process of transformation of primary mouse embryo astrocytes into immortalized cultures with neural stem cell characteristics, that are able to generate GBM when injected into the brain of C57BL/6 mice, or heterotopic tumours when injected IV. Overall, our results show that oncogenic transformation is the fate of NSC if cultured for long periods in vitro. In addition, as no additional hit is necessary to induce the oncogenic transformation, our model may be used to investigate the pathogenesis of gliomagenesis and to test the effectiveness of different drugs throughout the natural history of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Almengló
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory MOL, Departamento de Fisioloxía, Centro Singular de Investigación en Medicina Molecular e Enfermidades Crónicas CiMUS, Facultade de Medicina, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela IDIS, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Pilar Caamaño
- Fundación Publica Galega de Medicina Xenómica, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Máximo Fraga
- Departamento de Anatomía Patolóxica e Ciencias Forenses, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Jesús Devesa
- Research and Development, Medical Center Foltra, Teo, Spain
| | - José A Costoya
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory MOL, Departamento de Fisioloxía, Centro Singular de Investigación en Medicina Molecular e Enfermidades Crónicas CiMUS, Facultade de Medicina, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela IDIS, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Víctor M Arce
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory MOL, Departamento de Fisioloxía, Centro Singular de Investigación en Medicina Molecular e Enfermidades Crónicas CiMUS, Facultade de Medicina, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela IDIS, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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15
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Blough MD, Kumar M, Bose P, Cairncross JG. In the beginning: PDGFA and the genesis of GBM. Neuro Oncol 2021; 23:697-698. [PMID: 33560410 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noab004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Blough
- Charbonneau Cancer Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Clark H. Smith Brain Tumour Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Mehul Kumar
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Pinaki Bose
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Oncology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - J Gregory Cairncross
- Charbonneau Cancer Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Clark H. Smith Brain Tumour Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Oncology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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16
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Bohm AK, DePetro J, Binding CE, Gerber A, Chahley N, Berger ND, Ware M, Thomas K, Senapathi U, Bukhari S, Chen C, Chahley E, Grisdale C, Lawn S, Yu Y, Wong R, Shen Y, Omairi H, Mirzaei R, Alshatti N, Pedersen H, Yong W, Weiss S, Chan J, Cimino PJ, Kelly J, Jones S, Holland E, Blough M, Cairncross G. In vitro modeling of glioblastoma initiation using PDGF-AA and p53-null neural progenitors. Neuro Oncol 2021; 22:1150-1161. [PMID: 32296841 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noaa093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Imagining ways to prevent or treat glioblastoma (GBM) has been hindered by a lack of understanding of its pathogenesis. Although overexpression of platelet derived growth factor with two A-chains (PDGF-AA) may be an early event, critical details of the core biology of GBM are lacking. For example, existing PDGF-driven models replicate its microscopic appearance, but not its genomic architecture. Here we report a model that overcomes this barrier to authenticity. METHODS Using a method developed to establish neural stem cell cultures, we investigated the effects of PDGF-AA on subventricular zone (SVZ) cells, one of the putative cells of origin of GBM. We microdissected SVZ tissue from p53-null and wild-type adult mice, cultured cells in media supplemented with PDGF-AA, and assessed cell viability, proliferation, genome stability, and tumorigenicity. RESULTS Counterintuitive to its canonical role as a growth factor, we observed abrupt and massive cell death in PDGF-AA: wild-type cells did not survive, whereas a small fraction of null cells evaded apoptosis. Surviving null cells displayed attenuated proliferation accompanied by whole chromosome gains and losses. After approximately 100 days in PDGF-AA, cells suddenly proliferated rapidly, acquired growth factor independence, and became tumorigenic in immune-competent mice. Transformed cells had an oligodendrocyte precursor-like lineage marker profile, were resistant to platelet derived growth factor receptor alpha inhibition, and harbored highly abnormal karyotypes similar to human GBM. CONCLUSION This model associates genome instability in neural progenitor cells with chronic exposure to PDGF-AA and is the first to approximate the genomic landscape of human GBM and the first in which the earliest phases of the disease can be studied directly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra K Bohm
- The Clark H Smith Brain Tumour Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jessica DePetro
- The Clark H Smith Brain Tumour Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Carmen E Binding
- The Clark H Smith Brain Tumour Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Amanda Gerber
- The Clark H Smith Brain Tumour Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Nicholas Chahley
- The Clark H Smith Brain Tumour Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - N Dan Berger
- The Clark H Smith Brain Tumour Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Mathaeus Ware
- The Clark H Smith Brain Tumour Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Kaitlin Thomas
- The Clark H Smith Brain Tumour Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - U Senapathi
- The Clark H Smith Brain Tumour Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Shazreh Bukhari
- The Clark H Smith Brain Tumour Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Cindy Chen
- The Clark H Smith Brain Tumour Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Erin Chahley
- The Clark H Smith Brain Tumour Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Cameron Grisdale
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Sam Lawn
- The Clark H Smith Brain Tumour Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Yaping Yu
- Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Raymond Wong
- the Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yaoqing Shen
- the Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre and University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Hiba Omairi
- The Clark H Smith Brain Tumour Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Reza Mirzaei
- The Clark H Smith Brain Tumour Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Nourah Alshatti
- The Clark H Smith Brain Tumour Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Haley Pedersen
- The Clark H Smith Brain Tumour Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Wee Yong
- The Clark H Smith Brain Tumour Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Samuel Weiss
- The Clark H Smith Brain Tumour Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jennifer Chan
- The Clark H Smith Brain Tumour Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - P J Cimino
- the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center and University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - John Kelly
- The Clark H Smith Brain Tumour Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Steve Jones
- the Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre and University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Eric Holland
- the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center and University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Michael Blough
- The Clark H Smith Brain Tumour Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Gregory Cairncross
- The Clark H Smith Brain Tumour Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,the Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre and University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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17
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EGFRvIII tumorigenicity requires PDGFRA co-signaling and reveals therapeutic vulnerabilities in glioblastoma. Oncogene 2021; 40:2682-2696. [PMID: 33707748 PMCID: PMC9159289 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-01721-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Focal amplification of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and its ligand-independent, constitutively active EGFRvIII mutant form are prominent oncogenic drivers in glioblastoma (GBM). The EGFRvIII gene rearrangement is considered to be an initiating event in the etiology of GBM, however, the mechanistic details of how EGFRvIII drives cellular transformation and tumor maintenance remain unclear. Here, we report that EGFRvIII demonstrates a reliance on PDGFRA co-stimulatory signaling during the tumorigenic process in a genetically engineered autochthonous GBM model. This dependency exposes liabilities that were leveraged using kinase inhibitors treatments in EGFRvIII-expressing GBM patient-derived xenografts (PDXs), where simultaneous pharmacological inhibition of EGFRvIII and PDGFRA kinase activities is necessary for anti-tumor efficacy. Our work establishes that EGFRvIII-positive tumors have unexplored vulnerabilities to targeted agents concomitant to the EGFR kinase inhibitor repertoire.
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18
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Liu J, Li J, Wang K, Liu H, Sun J, Zhao X, Yu Y, Qiao Y, Wu Y, Zhang X, Zhang R, Yang A. Aberrantly high activation of a FoxM1-STMN1 axis contributes to progression and tumorigenesis in FoxM1-driven cancers. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:42. [PMID: 33526768 PMCID: PMC7851151 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-00396-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fork-head box protein M1 (FoxM1) is a transcriptional factor which plays critical roles in cancer development and progression. However, the general regulatory mechanism of FoxM1 is still limited. STMN1 is a microtubule-binding protein which can inhibit the assembly of microtubule dimer or promote depolymerization of microtubules. It was reported as a major responsive factor of paclitaxel resistance for clinical chemotherapy of tumor patients. But the function of abnormally high level of STMN1 and its regulation mechanism in cancer cells remain unclear. In this study, we used public database and tissue microarrays to analyze the expression pattern of FoxM1 and STMN1 and found a strong positive correlation between FoxM1 and STMN1 in multiple types of cancer. Lentivirus-mediated FoxM1/STMN1-knockdown cell lines were established to study the function of FoxM1/STMN1 by performing cell viability assay, plate clone formation assay, soft agar assay in vitro and xenograft mouse model in vivo. Our results showed that FoxM1 promotes cell proliferation by upregulating STMN1. Further ChIP assay showed that FoxM1 upregulates STMN1 in a transcriptional level. Prognostic analysis showed that a high level of FoxM1 and STMN1 is related to poor prognosis in solid tumors. Moreover, a high co-expression of FoxM1 and STMN1 has a more significant correlation with poor prognosis. Our findings suggest that a general FoxM1-STMN1 axis contributes to cell proliferation and tumorigenesis in hepatocellular carcinoma, gastric cancer and colorectal cancer. The combination of FoxM1 and STMN1 can be a more precise biomarker for prognostic prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, 710032, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Institute of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 710032, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jipeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Institute of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 710032, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China. .,Department of Experimental Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 710032, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Ke Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Institute of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 710032, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Haiming Liu
- School of Software Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, 100044, Beijing, China
| | - Jianyong Sun
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 710038, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xinhui Zhao
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Xi'an No. 3 Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, 710018, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yanping Yu
- The Second Ward of Gynecological Tumor, Shaanxi Provincial Cancer Hospital, 710061, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yihuan Qiao
- School of Clinical Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, 710021, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ye Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, 710032, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaofang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, 710032, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, 710032, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, 710032, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Angang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, 710032, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
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19
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Identification of a Dexamethasone Mediated Radioprotection Mechanism Reveals New Therapeutic Vulnerabilities in Glioblastoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13020361. [PMID: 33478100 PMCID: PMC7836009 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13020361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Despite the indisputable effectiveness of dexamethasone (DEXA) to reduce inflammation in glioblastoma (GBM) patients, its influence on tumour progression and radiotherapy response remains controversial. (2) Methods: We analysed patient data and used expression and cell biological analyses to assess effects of DEXA on GBM cells. We tested the efficacy of tyrosine kinase inhibitors in vitro and in vivo. (3) Results: We confirm in our patient cohort that administration of DEXA correlates with worse overall survival and shorter time to relapse. In GBM cells and glioma stem-like cells (GSCs) DEXA down-regulates genes controlling G2/M and mitotic-spindle checkpoints, and it enables cells to override the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC). Concurrently, DEXA up-regulates Platelet Derived Growth Factor Receptor (PDGFR) signalling, which stimulates expression of anti-apoptotic regulators BCL2L1 and MCL1, required for survival during extended mitosis. Importantly, the protective potential of DEXA is dependent on intact tyrosine kinase signalling and ponatinib, sunitinib and dasatinib, all effectively overcome the radio-protective and pro-proliferative activity of DEXA. Moreover, we discovered that DEXA-induced signalling creates a therapeutic vulnerability for sunitinib in GSCs and GBM cells in vitro and in vivo. (4) Conclusions: Our results reveal a novel DEXA-induced mechanism in GBM cells and provide a rationale for revisiting the use of tyrosine kinase inhibitors for the treatment of GBM.
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20
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Hetze S, Sure U, Schedlowski M, Hadamitzky M, Barthel L. Rodent Models to Analyze the Glioma Microenvironment. ASN Neuro 2021; 13:17590914211005074. [PMID: 33874781 PMCID: PMC8060738 DOI: 10.1177/17590914211005074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal models are still indispensable for understanding the basic principles of glioma development and invasion. Preclinical approaches aim to analyze the treatment efficacy of new drugs before translation into clinical trials is possible. Various animal disease models are available, but not every approach is useful for addressing specific questions. In recent years, it has become increasingly evident that the tumor microenvironment plays a key role in the nature of glioma. In addition to providing an overview, this review evaluates available rodent models in terms of usability for research on the glioma microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susann Hetze
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of
Essen, Essen, Germany
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral
Immunobiology, University Hospital of Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Ulrich Sure
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of
Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Manfred Schedlowski
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral
Immunobiology, University Hospital of Essen, Essen, Germany
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Osher Center for
Integrative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martin Hadamitzky
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral
Immunobiology, University Hospital of Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Lennart Barthel
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of
Essen, Essen, Germany
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral
Immunobiology, University Hospital of Essen, Essen, Germany
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21
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Abstract
Despite significant improvement in understanding of molecular underpinnings driving glioblastoma, there is minimal improvement in overall survival of patients. This poor outcome is caused in part by traditional designs of early phase clinical trials, which focus on clinical assessments of drug toxicity and response. Window of opportunity trials overcome this shortcoming by assessing drug-induced on-target molecular alterations in post-treatment human tumor specimens. This article provides an overview of window of opportunity trials, including novel designs for incorporating biologic end points into early stage trials in context of brain tumors, and examples of successfully executed window of opportunity trials for glioblastoma.
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22
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Bilguun EO, Kaira K, Kawabata-Iwakawa R, Rokudai S, Shimizu K, Yokobori T, Oyama T, Shirabe K, Nishiyama M. Distinctive roles of syntaxin binding protein 4 and its action target, TP63, in lung squamous cell carcinoma: a theranostic study for the precision medicine. BMC Cancer 2020; 20:935. [PMID: 32993587 PMCID: PMC7526255 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-07448-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lung squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) remains a challenging disease to treat, and further improvements in prognosis are dependent upon the identification of LSCC-specific therapeutic biomarkers and/or targets. We previously found that Syntaxin Binding Protein 4 (STXBP4) plays a crucial role in lesion growth and, therefore, clinical outcomes in LSCC patients through regulation of tumor protein p63 (TP63) ubiquitination. Methods To clarify the impact of STXBP4 and TP63 for LSCC therapeutics, we assessed relevance of these proteins to outcome of 144 LSCC patients and examined whether its action pathway is distinct from those of currently used drugs in in vitro experiments including RNA-seq analysis through comparison with the other putative exploratory targets and/or markers. Results Kaplan–Meier analysis revealed that, along with vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2), STXBP4 expression signified a worse prognosis in LSCC patients, both in terms of overall survival (OS, p = 0.002) and disease-free survival (DFS, p = 0.041). These prognostic impacts of STXBP4 were confirmed in univariate Cox regression analysis, but not in the multivariate analysis. Whereas, TP63 (ΔNp63) closely related to OS (p = 0.013), and shown to be an independent prognostic factor for poor OS in the multivariate analysis (p = 0.0324). The action pathway of STXBP4 on suppression of TP63 (ΔNp63) was unique: Ingenuity pathway analysis using the knowledge database and our RNA-seq analysis in human LSCC cell lines indicated that 35 pathways were activated or inactivated in association with STXBP4, but the action pathway of STXBP4 was distinct from those of other current drug targets: STXBP4, TP63 and KDR (VEGFR2 gene) formed a cluster independent from other target genes of tumor protein p53 (TP53), tubulin beta 3 (TUBB3), stathmin 1 (STMN1) and cluster of differentiation 274 (CD274: programmed cell death 1 ligand 1, PD-L1). STXBP4 itself appeared not to be a potent predictive marker of individual drug response, but we found that TP63, main action target of STXBP4, might be involved in drug resistance mechanisms of LSCC. Conclusion STXBP4 and the action target, TP63, could afford a key to the development of precision medicine for LSCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erkhem-Ochir Bilguun
- Department of General Surgical Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan.,Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Oncology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Kyoichi Kaira
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Comprehensive Cancer Center, International Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, 1397-1 Yamane, Hidaka-City, Saitama, 350-1298, Japan
| | - Reika Kawabata-Iwakawa
- Division of Integrated Oncology Research, Gunma University Initiative for Advanced Research, 3-9-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Susumu Rokudai
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Oncology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Kimihiro Shimizu
- Department of General Surgical Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan.,Department of Surgery, Division of General Thoracic Surgery, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano, 390-8621, Japan
| | - Takehiko Yokobori
- Division of Integrated Oncology Research, Gunma University Initiative for Advanced Research, 3-9-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Tetsunari Oyama
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Ken Shirabe
- Department of General Surgical Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Masahiko Nishiyama
- Gunma University, 3-9-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan. .,Higashi Sapporo Hospital, 7-35, 3-3 Higashi-Sapporo, Shiroishi-ku, Sapporo, 003-8585, Japan.
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23
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Simpson JE, Gammoh N. The impact of autophagy during the development and survival of glioblastoma. Open Biol 2020; 10:200184. [PMID: 32873152 PMCID: PMC7536068 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.200184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most common and aggressive adult brain tumour, with poor median survival and limited treatment options. Following surgical resection and chemotherapy, recurrence of the disease is inevitable. Genomic studies have identified key drivers of glioblastoma development, including amplifications of receptor tyrosine kinases, which drive tumour growth. To improve treatment, it is crucial to understand survival response processes in glioblastoma that fuel cell proliferation and promote resistance to treatment. One such process is autophagy, a catabolic pathway that delivers cellular components sequestered into vesicles for lysosomal degradation. Autophagy plays an important role in maintaining cellular homeostasis and is upregulated during stress conditions, such as limited nutrient and oxygen availability, and in response to anti-cancer therapy. Autophagy can also regulate pro-growth signalling and metabolic rewiring of cancer cells in order to support tumour growth. In this review, we will discuss our current understanding of how autophagy is implicated in glioblastoma development and survival. When appropriate, we will refer to findings derived from the role of autophagy in other cancer models and predict the outcome of manipulating autophagy during glioblastoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Noor Gammoh
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, UK
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24
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Zyxin (ZYX) promotes invasion and acts as a biomarker for aggressive phenotypes of human glioblastoma multiforme. J Transl Med 2020; 100:812-823. [PMID: 31949244 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-019-0368-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is characterized by highly invasive growth, which leads to extensive infiltration and makes complete tumor excision difficult. Since cytoskeleton proteins are related to leading processes and cell motility, and through analysis of public GBM databases, we determined that an actin-interacting protein, zyxin (ZYX), may involved in GBM invasion. Our own glioma cohort as well as the cancer genome atlas (TCGA), Rembrandt, and Gravendeel databases consistently showed that increased ZYX expression was related to tumor progression and poor prognosis of glioma patients. In vitro and in vivo experiments further confirmed the oncogenic roles of ZYX and demonstrated the role of ZYX in GBM invasive growth. Moreover, RNA-seq and mass-spectrum data from GBM cells with or without ZYX revealed that stathmin 1 (STMN1) was a potential target of ZYX. Subsequently, we found that both mRNA and protein levels of STMN1 were positively regulated by ZYX. Functionally, STMN1 not only promoted invasion of GBM cells but also rescued the invasion repression caused by ZYX loss. Taken together, our results indicate that high ZYX expression was associated with worse prognosis and highlighted that the ZYX-STMN1 axis might be a potential therapeutic target for GBM.
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25
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Koga T, Chaim IA, Benitez JA, Markmiller S, Parisian AD, Hevner RF, Turner KM, Hessenauer FM, D'Antonio M, Nguyen NPD, Saberi S, Ma J, Miki S, Boyer AD, Ravits J, Frazer KA, Bafna V, Chen CC, Mischel PS, Yeo GW, Furnari FB. Longitudinal assessment of tumor development using cancer avatars derived from genetically engineered pluripotent stem cells. Nat Commun 2020; 11:550. [PMID: 31992716 PMCID: PMC6987220 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-14312-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Many cellular models aimed at elucidating cancer biology do not recapitulate pathobiology including tumor heterogeneity, an inherent feature of cancer that underlies treatment resistance. Here we introduce a cancer modeling paradigm using genetically engineered human pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) that captures authentic cancer pathobiology. Orthotopic engraftment of the neural progenitor cells derived from hiPSCs that have been genome-edited to contain tumor-associated genetic driver mutations revealed by The Cancer Genome Atlas project for glioblastoma (GBM) results in formation of high-grade gliomas. Similar to patient-derived GBM, these models harbor inter-tumor heterogeneity resembling different GBM molecular subtypes, intra-tumor heterogeneity, and extrachromosomal DNA amplification. Re-engraftment of these primary tumor neurospheres generates secondary tumors with features characteristic of patient samples and present mutation-dependent patterns of tumor evolution. These cancer avatar models provide a platform for comprehensive longitudinal assessment of human tumor development as governed by molecular subtype mutations and lineage-restricted differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Koga
- Ludwig Cancer Research San Diego Branch, 9500 Gilman Dr., CMM-East Room 3055, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware St SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Isaac A Chaim
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, 2880 Torrey Pines Scenic Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr. Mail Code 0761, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Jorge A Benitez
- Ludwig Cancer Research San Diego Branch, 9500 Gilman Dr., CMM-East Room 3055, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Sebastian Markmiller
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, 2880 Torrey Pines Scenic Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Alison D Parisian
- Ludwig Cancer Research San Diego Branch, 9500 Gilman Dr., CMM-East Room 3055, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Robert F Hevner
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Kristen M Turner
- Ludwig Cancer Research San Diego Branch, 9500 Gilman Dr., CMM-East Room 3055, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Florian M Hessenauer
- Ludwig Cancer Research San Diego Branch, 9500 Gilman Dr., CMM-East Room 3055, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Matteo D'Antonio
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr. Mail Code 0761, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Nam-Phuong D Nguyen
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., Mail Code 0404, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Shahram Saberi
- Department of Neuroscience, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., Mail Code 0662, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Jianhui Ma
- Ludwig Cancer Research San Diego Branch, 9500 Gilman Dr., CMM-East Room 3055, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Shunichiro Miki
- Ludwig Cancer Research San Diego Branch, 9500 Gilman Dr., CMM-East Room 3055, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Antonia D Boyer
- Ludwig Cancer Research San Diego Branch, 9500 Gilman Dr., CMM-East Room 3055, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - John Ravits
- Department of Neuroscience, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., Mail Code 0662, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Kelly A Frazer
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr. Mail Code 0761, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Department of Pediatrics and Rady Children's Hospital, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., Mail Code 0831, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Vineet Bafna
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., Mail Code 0404, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Clark C Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware St SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Paul S Mischel
- Ludwig Cancer Research San Diego Branch, 9500 Gilman Dr., CMM-East Room 3055, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Gene W Yeo
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, 2880 Torrey Pines Scenic Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr. Mail Code 0761, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
| | - Frank B Furnari
- Ludwig Cancer Research San Diego Branch, 9500 Gilman Dr., CMM-East Room 3055, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
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26
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Gyuris A, Navarrete-Perea J, Jo A, Cristea S, Zhou S, Fraser K, Wei Z, Krichevsky AM, Weissleder R, Lee H, Gygi SP, Charest A. Physical and Molecular Landscapes of Mouse Glioma Extracellular Vesicles Define Heterogeneity. Cell Rep 2019; 27:3972-3987.e6. [PMID: 31242427 PMCID: PMC6604862 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.05.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer extracellular vesicles (EVs) are highly heterogeneous, which impedes our understanding of their function as intercellular communication agents and biomarkers. To deconstruct this heterogeneity, we analyzed extracellular RNAs (exRNAs) and extracellular proteins (exPTNs) from size fractionation of large, medium, and small EVs and ribonucleoprotein complexes (RNPs) from mouse glioblastoma cells by RNA sequencing and quantitative proteomics. mRNA from medium-sized EVs most closely reflects the cellular transcriptome, whereas small EV exRNA is enriched in small non-coding RNAs and RNPs contain precisely processed tRNA fragments. The exPTN composition of EVs and RNPs reveals that they are closely related by vesicle type, independent of their cellular origin, and single EV analysis reveals that small EVs are less heterogeneous in their protein content than larger ones. We provide a foundation for better understanding of segregation of macromolecules in glioma EVs through a catalog of diverse exRNAs and exPTNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aron Gyuris
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | | | - Ala Jo
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Simona Cristea
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Shuang Zhou
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Kyle Fraser
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Zhiyun Wei
- Department of Neurology, Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Initiative for RNA Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anna M Krichevsky
- Department of Neurology, Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Initiative for RNA Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ralph Weissleder
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Hakho Lee
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Steve P Gygi
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Al Charest
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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Krichevsky AM, Uhlmann EJ. Oligonucleotide Therapeutics as a New Class of Drugs for Malignant Brain Tumors: Targeting mRNAs, Regulatory RNAs, Mutations, Combinations, and Beyond. Neurotherapeutics 2019; 16:319-347. [PMID: 30644073 PMCID: PMC6554258 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-018-00702-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant brain tumors are rapidly progressive and often fatal owing to resistance to therapies and based on their complex biology, heterogeneity, and isolation from systemic circulation. Glioblastoma is the most common and most aggressive primary brain tumor, has high mortality, and affects both children and adults. Despite significant advances in understanding the pathology, multiple clinical trials employing various treatment strategies have failed. With much expanded knowledge of the GBM genome, epigenome, and transcriptome, the field of neuro-oncology is getting closer to achieve breakthrough-targeted molecular therapies. Current developments of oligonucleotide chemistries for CNS applications make this new class of drugs very attractive for targeting molecular pathways dysregulated in brain tumors and are anticipated to vastly expand the spectrum of currently targetable molecules. In this chapter, we will overview the molecular landscape of malignant gliomas and explore the most prominent molecular targets (mRNAs, miRNAs, lncRNAs, and genomic mutations) that provide opportunities for the development of oligonucleotide therapeutics for this class of neurologic diseases. Because malignant brain tumors focally disrupt the blood-brain barrier, this class of diseases might be also more susceptible to systemic treatments with oligonucleotides than other neurologic disorders and, thus, present an entry point for the oligonucleotide therapeutics to the CNS. Nevertheless, delivery of oligonucleotides remains a crucial part of the treatment strategy. Finally, synthetic gRNAs guiding CRISPR-Cas9 editing technologies have a tremendous potential to further expand the applications of oligonucleotide therapeutics and take them beyond RNA targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Krichevsky
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Initiative for RNA Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, USA.
| | - Erik J Uhlmann
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Initiative for RNA Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, USA
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Lentiviral Vectors as Tools for the Study and Treatment of Glioblastoma. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11030417. [PMID: 30909628 PMCID: PMC6468594 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11030417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) has the worst prognosis among brain tumors, hence basic biology, preclinical, and clinical studies are necessary to design effective strategies to defeat this disease. Gene transfer vectors derived from the most-studied lentivirus-the Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1-have wide application in dissecting GBM specific features to identify potential therapeutic targets. Last-generation lentiviruses (LV), highly improved in safety profile and gene transfer capacity, are also largely employed as delivery systems of therapeutic molecules to be employed in gene therapy (GT) approaches. LV were initially used in GT protocols aimed at the expression of suicide factors to induce GBM cell death. Subsequently, LV were adopted to either express small noncoding RNAs to affect different aspects of GBM biology or to overcome the resistance to both chemo- and radiotherapy that easily develop in this tumor after initial therapy. Newer frontiers include adoption of LV for engineering T cells to express chimeric antigen receptors recognizing specific GBM antigens, or for transducing specific cell types that, due to their biological properties, can function as carriers of therapeutic molecules to the cancer mass. Finally, LV allow the setting up of improved animal models crucial for the validation of GBM specific therapies.
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