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Wang Y, Zhang L, Wang C, Lin M, Zheng L, Guo X. An Empirical Investigation of the Relationships Among Self-Esteem, Depression and Self-Serving Bias in People with Internet Gaming Disorder. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2024; 17:2557-2571. [PMID: 38973976 PMCID: PMC11227327 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s462184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction People are generally characterized by a self-serving bias which describes the tendency to ascribe positive outcomes or success to internal or personal causes (self-enhancement motivation) and ascribe negative outcomes or failure to external or situational causes (self-protection motivation). It has been found that the individuals with internet gaming disorder (IGD) who have low self-esteem and high depression exhibit an attenuated self-serving bias. However, the relationships among self-esteem, depression and self-serving bias are not clearly identified. Methods A sample of 138 IGD participants completed self-esteem and depression scales and a causal attribution task (Study 1) to examine the relationships among self-esteem, depression and self-serving bias (both self-enhancement and self-protection). In follow-up Study 2, 28 IGD participants were recruited to undertake self-affirmation intervention which can affirm one's sense of global self-view and bolster self-esteem to explore whether self-affirmation would trigger a reduction of depression and a raise of self-serving bias. Results The results of path analysis in Study 1 showed that the self-serving bias was predicted by self-esteem and depression, and the depression played a mediating role between self-esteem and self-serving bias. The results of Study 2 showed that the IGD participants reported higher self-esteem, lower depression and engaged in more self-protection motivation after affirming-self manipulation as compared with affirming-other manipulation. Conclusion These findings suggest that self-esteem predicts self-serving bias through depression and self-affirmation could trigger an increase of self-esteem, further decrease depression and improve self-serving bias for the individuals with IGD. The present article clearly identified the relationships among these factors and provided a new approach to promote positive self-concept in individuals with IGD. Future research is warranted to explore the lasting benefits of self-affirmation on domains of education, relationships and gaming withdrawal for the individuals with IGD among different populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Wang
- Mental Health Education Center, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China
- School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei Zhang
- School of Physical Education (Main Campus), Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chenggong Wang
- College of Science and Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, People’s Republic of China
| | - Min Lin
- Mental Health Education Center, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Zheng
- Fudan Institute on Ageing, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Laboratory for National Development and Intelligent Governance, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiuyan Guo
- Fudan Institute on Ageing, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Laboratory for National Development and Intelligent Governance, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
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2
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Yoon L, Keenan KE, Hipwell AE, Forbes EE, Guyer AE. Hooked on a thought: Associations between rumination and neural responses to social rejection in adolescent girls. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2023; 64:101320. [PMID: 37922608 PMCID: PMC10641579 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2023.101320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Rumination is a significant risk factor for psychopathology in adolescent girls and is associated with heightened and prolonged physiological arousal following social rejection. However, no study has examined how rumination relates to neural responses to social rejection in adolescent girls; thus, the current study aimed to address this gap. Adolescent girls (N = 116; ages 16.95-19.09) self-reported on their rumination tendency and completed a social evaluation fMRI task where they received fictitious feedback (acceptance, rejection) from peers they liked or disliked. Rejection-related neural activity and subgenual anterior cingulate cortex (sgACC) connectivity were regressed on rumination, controlling for rejection sensitivity and depressive symptoms. Rumination was associated with distinctive neural responses following rejection from liked peers including increased neural activity in the precuneus, inferior parietal gyrus, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, and supplementary motor area (SMA) and reduced sgACC connectivity with multiple regions including medial prefrontal cortex, precuneus and ventrolateral prefrontal cortex. Greater precuneus and SMA activity mediated the effect of rumination on slower response time to report emotional state after receiving rejection from liked peers. These findings provide clues for distinctive cognitive processes (e.g., mentalizing, conflict processing, memory encoding) following the receipt of rejection in girls with high levels of rumination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leehyun Yoon
- Center for Mind and Brain, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95618, USA
| | - Kate E Keenan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Alison E Hipwell
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Erika E Forbes
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Amanda E Guyer
- Center for Mind and Brain, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95618, USA; Department of Human Ecology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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3
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Kim D, Kim J, Kim H. Distinctive Roles of Medial Prefrontal Cortex Subregions in Strategic Conformity to Social Hierarchy. J Neurosci 2023; 43:6330-6341. [PMID: 37582627 PMCID: PMC10490482 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0549-23.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
People often align their behaviors and decisions with others' expectations, especially those of higher social positions, when they are being observed. However, little attention has been paid to the neural mechanisms underlying increased conformity to the social hierarchy under social observation. Using a preference rating task, we investigated whether and how individual preferences for novel stimuli were influenced by others' preferences by manipulating others' social hierarchy and observational context. The behavioral results showed that human participants of both sexes were more likely to change their preferences to match those of a superior partner in a public than in a private context. fMRI data revealed distinct contributions of the subregions of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) to increased conformity to social hierarchy under observation. Specifically, the ventral mPFC showed increased activity when participants' preferences aligned with those of superior partners, regardless of behavioral manifestation. The rostral mPFC showed increased activity when conforming to a superior partner and nonconforming to an inferior one, indicating goal-dependent valuation. The dorsal mPFC showed increased activity in private conditions with a superior partner but only in those with a higher tendency to conform. These findings support the hierarchical allostatic regulation model of the mPFC function for social valuation and suggest strategic conformity as a way to minimize metabolic costs.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT This study revealed distinct roles of subregions of the mPFC in increased conformity to individuals of different social ranks under observation. Specifically, the ventral mPFC showed increased activity when participants' preferences aligned with those of higher-ranking partners, whereas the rostral mPFC showed increased activity when conforming to a superior partner and nonconforming to an inferior partner, indicating goal-dependent valuation. The dorsal mPFC was more active in private conditions with a superior partner but only in those with a higher tendency to conform. These findings support the hierarchical allostatic regulation model of the mPFC function for social valuation and suggest strategic conformity as a way to minimize metabolic costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daeeun Kim
- Laboratory of Social and Decision Neuroscience, School of Psychology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
- Department of Psychology, Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon, Yeongcheon 38900, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - JuYoung Kim
- Laboratory of Social and Decision Neuroscience, School of Psychology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hackjin Kim
- Laboratory of Social and Decision Neuroscience, School of Psychology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
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4
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Koban L, Andrews-Hanna JR, Ives L, Wager TD, Arch JJ. Brain mediators of biased social learning of self-perception in social anxiety disorder. Transl Psychiatry 2023; 13:292. [PMID: 37660045 PMCID: PMC10475036 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-023-02587-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Social anxiety disorder (SAD) is characterized by an excessive fear of social evaluation and a persistently negative view of the self. Here we test the hypothesis that negative biases in brain responses and in social learning of self-related information contribute to the negative self-image and low self-esteem characteristic of SAD. Adult participants diagnosed with social anxiety (N = 21) and matched controls (N = 23) rated their performance and received social feedback following a stressful public speaking task. We investigated how positive versus negative social feedback altered self-evaluation and state self-esteem and used functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) to characterize brain responses to positive versus negative feedback. Compared to controls, participants with SAD updated their self-evaluation and state self-esteem significantly more based on negative compared to positive social feedback. Responses in the frontoparietal network correlated with and mirrored these behavioral effects, with greater responses to positive than negative feedback in non-anxious controls but not in participants with SAD. Responses to social feedback in the anterior insula and other areas mediated the effects of negative versus positive feedback on changes in self-evaluation. In non-anxious participants, frontoparietal brain areas may contribute to a positive social learning bias. In SAD, frontoparietal areas are less recruited overall and less attuned to positive feedback, possibly reflecting differences in attention allocation and cognitive regulation. More negatively biased brain responses and social learning could contribute to maintaining a negative self-image in SAD and other internalizing disorders, thereby offering important new targets for interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonie Koban
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center (CRNL), CNRS, INSERM, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Bron, France.
| | | | - Lindsay Ives
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Tor D Wager
- Department of Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Joanna J Arch
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
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Dobbelaar S, Achterberg M, van Drunen L, van Duijvenvoorde AC, van IJzendoorn MH, Crone EA. Development of social feedback processing and responses in childhood: an fMRI test-replication design in two age cohorts. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2023; 18:nsac039. [PMID: 35661224 PMCID: PMC10985675 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsac039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated behavioral and neural correlates underlying social feedback processing and subsequent aggressive behaviors in childhood in two age cohorts (test sample: n = 509/n = 385 and replication sample: n = 354/n = 195, 7-9 years old). Using a previously validated Social Network Aggression Task, we showed that negative social feedback resulted in most behavioral aggression, followed by less aggression after neutral and least aggression after positive feedback. Receiving positive and negative social feedback was associated with increased activity in the insula, medial prefrontal cortex and ventrolateral prefrontal cortex. Responding to feedback was associated with additional activation in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) following positive feedback. This DLPFC activation correlated negatively with aggression. Furthermore, age analyses showed that older children showed larger reductions in aggression following positive feedback and more neural activation in the DLPFC when responding to positive feedback compared to younger children. To assess the robustness of our results, we examined these processes in two independent behavioral/functional magnetic resonance imaging samples using equivalence testing, thereby contributing to replicable reports. Together, these findings demonstrate an important role of social saliency and regulatory processes where regulation of aggression rapidly develops between the ages of 7 and 9 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Dobbelaar
- Leiden Consortium on Individual Development, Leiden University, Leiden 2333 AK, The Netherlands
- Developmental and Educational Psychology, Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Leiden University, Leiden 2333 AK, The Netherlands
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, Leiden 2300 RC, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychology, Education and Child Studies, Erasmus School of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam 3000 DR, The Netherlands
| | - Michelle Achterberg
- Leiden Consortium on Individual Development, Leiden University, Leiden 2333 AK, The Netherlands
- Developmental and Educational Psychology, Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Leiden University, Leiden 2333 AK, The Netherlands
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, Leiden 2300 RC, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychology, Education and Child Studies, Erasmus School of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam 3000 DR, The Netherlands
| | - Lina van Drunen
- Leiden Consortium on Individual Development, Leiden University, Leiden 2333 AK, The Netherlands
- Developmental and Educational Psychology, Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Leiden University, Leiden 2333 AK, The Netherlands
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, Leiden 2300 RC, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychology, Education and Child Studies, Erasmus School of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam 3000 DR, The Netherlands
| | - Anna c.k van Duijvenvoorde
- Leiden Consortium on Individual Development, Leiden University, Leiden 2333 AK, The Netherlands
- Developmental and Educational Psychology, Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Leiden University, Leiden 2333 AK, The Netherlands
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, Leiden 2300 RC, The Netherlands
| | - Marinus H van IJzendoorn
- Leiden Consortium on Individual Development, Leiden University, Leiden 2333 AK, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychology, Education and Child Studies, Erasmus School of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam 3000 DR, The Netherlands
- Research Department of Clinical, Education and Health Psychology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Eveline A Crone
- Leiden Consortium on Individual Development, Leiden University, Leiden 2333 AK, The Netherlands
- Developmental and Educational Psychology, Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Leiden University, Leiden 2333 AK, The Netherlands
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, Leiden 2300 RC, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychology, Education and Child Studies, Erasmus School of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam 3000 DR, The Netherlands
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6
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van de Groep IH, Bos MGN, Popma A, Crone EA, Jansen LMC. A neurocognitive model of early onset persistent and desistant antisocial behavior in early adulthood. Front Hum Neurosci 2023; 17:1100277. [PMID: 37533586 PMCID: PMC10392129 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2023.1100277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
It remains unclear which functional and neurobiological mechanisms are associated with persistent and desistant antisocial behavior in early adulthood. We reviewed the empirical literature and propose a neurocognitive social information processing model for early onset persistent and desistant antisocial behavior in early adulthood, focusing on how young adults evaluate, act upon, monitor, and learn about their goals and self traits. Based on the reviewed literature, we propose that persistent antisocial behavior is characterized by domain-general impairments in self-relevant and goal-related information processing, regulation, and learning, which is accompanied by altered activity in fronto-limbic brain areas. We propose that desistant antisocial development is associated with more effortful information processing, regulation and learning, that possibly balances self-relevant goals and specific situational characteristics. The proposed framework advances insights by considering individual differences such as psychopathic personality traits, and specific emotional characteristics (e.g., valence of social cues), to further illuminate functional and neural mechanisms underlying heterogenous developmental pathways. Finally, we address important open questions and offer suggestions for future research to improve scientific knowledge on general and context-specific expression and development of antisocial behavior in early adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilse H. van de Groep
- Erasmus School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychosocial Care, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Marieke G. N. Bos
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Arne Popma
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychosocial Care, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health, Mental Health, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Eveline A. Crone
- Erasmus School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Lucres M. C. Jansen
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychosocial Care, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health, Mental Health, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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7
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Shany O, Dunsky N, Gilam G, Greental A, Gilboa-Schechtman E, Hendler T. Self-evaluation of social-rank in socially anxious individuals associates with enhanced striatal reward function. Psychol Med 2023; 53:4569-4579. [PMID: 35698849 PMCID: PMC10388315 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291722001453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Negative self-views, especially in the domain of power (i.e. social-rank), characterize social anxiety (SA). Neuroimaging studies on self-evaluations in SA have mainly focused on subcortical threat processing systems. Yet, self-evaluation may concurrently invoke diverse affective processing, as motivational systems related to desired self-views may also be activated. To investigate the conflictual nature that may accompany self-evaluation of certain social domains in SA, we examined brain activity related to both threat and reward processing. METHODS Participants (N = 74) differing in self-reported SA-severity underwent fMRI while completing a self-evaluation task, wherein they judged the self-descriptiveness of high- v. low-intensity traits in the domains of power and affiliation (i.e. social connectedness). Participants also completed two auxiliary fMRI tasks designated to evoke reward- and threat-related activations in the ventral striatum (VS) and amygdala, respectively. We hypothesized that self-evaluations in SA, particularly in the domain of power, involve aberrant brain activity related to both threat and reward processing. RESULTS SA-severity was more negatively associated with power than with affiliation self-evaluations. During self-evaluative judgment of high-power (e.g. dominant), SA-severity associated with increased activity in the VS and ventromedial prefrontal cortex. Moreover, SA-severity correlated with higher similarity between brain activity patterns activated by high-power traits and patterns activated by incentive salience (i.e. reward anticipation) in the VS during the reward task. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that self-evaluation of high-power in SA involves excessive striatal reward-related activation, and pinpoint the downregulation of VS-VMPFC activity within such self-evaluative context as a potential neural outcome for therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ofir Shany
- School of Psychological Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
- Sagol Brain Institute, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Netta Dunsky
- Sagol Brain Institute, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Gadi Gilam
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, The Institute of Biomedical and Oral Research, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ayam Greental
- Sagol Brain Institute, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Eva Gilboa-Schechtman
- Department of Psychology and the Gonda Brain Science Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Talma Hendler
- School of Psychological Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
- Sagol Brain Institute, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
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8
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Elder JJ, Davis TH, Hughes BL. A Fluid Self-Concept: How the Brain Maintains Coherence and Positivity across an Interconnected Self-Concept While Incorporating Social Feedback. J Neurosci 2023; 43:4110-4128. [PMID: 37156606 PMCID: PMC10255005 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1951-22.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
People experience instances of social feedback as interdependent with potential implications for their entire self-concept. How do people maintain positivity and coherence across the self-concept while updating self-views from feedback? We present a network model describing how the brain represents the semantic dependency relations among traits and uses this information to avoid an overall loss of positivity and coherence. Both male and female human participants received social feedback during a self-evaluation task while undergoing functional magnetic resonance imaging. We modeled self-belief updating by incorporating a reinforcement learning model within the network structure. Participants learned more rapidly from positive than negative feedback and were less likely to change self-views for traits with more dependencies in the network. Further, participants back propagated feedback across network relations while retrieving prior feedback on the basis of network similarity to inform ongoing self-views. Activation in ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) reflected the constrained updating process such that positive feedback led to higher activation and negative feedback to less activation for traits with more dependencies. Additionally, vmPFC was associated with the novelty of a trait relative to previously self-evaluated traits in the network, and angular gyrus was associated with greater certainty for self-beliefs given the relevance of prior feedback. We propose that neural computations that selectively enhance or attenuate social feedback and retrieve past relevant experiences to guide ongoing self-evaluations may support an overall positive and coherent self-concept.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT We humans experience social feedback throughout our lives, but we do not dispassionately incorporate feedback into our self-concept. The implications of feedback for our entire self-concept plays a role in how we either change or retain our prior self-beliefs. In a neuroimaging study, we find that people are less likely to change their beliefs from feedback when the feedback has broader implications for the self-concept. This resistance to change is reflected in processing in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex, a region that is central to self-referential and social cognition. These results are broadly applicable given the role that maintaining a positive and coherent self-concept plays in promoting mental health and development throughout the lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob J Elder
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California 92521
| | | | - Brent L Hughes
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California 92521
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9
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Wittmann MK, Scheuplein M, Gibbons SG, Noonan MP. Local and global reward learning in the lateral frontal cortex show differential development during human adolescence. PLoS Biol 2023; 21:e3002010. [PMID: 36862726 PMCID: PMC10013901 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Reward-guided choice is fundamental for adaptive behaviour and depends on several component processes supported by prefrontal cortex. Here, across three studies, we show that two such component processes, linking reward to specific choices and estimating the global reward state, develop during human adolescence and are linked to the lateral portions of the prefrontal cortex. These processes reflect the assignment of rewards contingently to local choices, or noncontingently, to choices that make up the global reward history. Using matched experimental tasks and analysis platforms, we show the influence of both mechanisms increase during adolescence (study 1) and that lesions to lateral frontal cortex (that included and/or disconnected both orbitofrontal and insula cortex) in human adult patients (study 2) and macaque monkeys (study 3) impair both local and global reward learning. Developmental effects were distinguishable from the influence of a decision bias on choice behaviour, known to depend on medial prefrontal cortex. Differences in local and global assignments of reward to choices across adolescence, in the context of delayed grey matter maturation of the lateral orbitofrontal and anterior insula cortex, may underlie changes in adaptive behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco K. Wittmann
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Radcliffe Observatory, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Max Planck UCL Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing Research, University College London, United Kingdom
| | - Maximilian Scheuplein
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Radcliffe Observatory, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Institute of Education and Child Studies, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Sophie G. Gibbons
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Radcliffe Observatory, Oxford, United Kingdom
- MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - MaryAnn P. Noonan
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Radcliffe Observatory, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Department of Psychology, University of York, York, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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10
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Rodman AM, Powers KE, Kastman EK, Kabotyanski KE, Stark AM, Mair P, Somerville LH. Physical Effort Exertion for Peer Feedback Reveals Evolving Social Motivations From Adolescence to Young Adulthood. Psychol Sci 2023; 34:60-74. [PMID: 36283029 PMCID: PMC9982232 DOI: 10.1177/09567976221121351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Peer relationships and social belonging are particularly important during adolescence. Using a willingness-to-work paradigm to quantify incentive motivation, we examined whether evaluative information holds unique value for adolescents. Participants (N = 102; 12-23 years old) rated peers, predicted how peers rated them, and exerted physical effort to view each peer's rating. We measured grip force, speed, and opt-out behavior to examine the motivational value of peer feedback, relative to money in a control condition, and to assess how peer desirability and participants' expectations modulated motivated effort across age. Overall, when compared with adolescents, adults were relatively less motivated for feedback than money. Whereas adults exerted less force and speed for feedback when expecting rejection, adolescents exerted greater force and speed when expecting to be more strongly liked or disliked. These findings suggest that the transition into adulthood is accompanied by a self-protective focus, whereas adolescents are motivated to consume highly informative feedback, even if negative.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Erik K. Kastman
- Department of Psychology and Center for Brain
Science, Harvard University
| | | | - Abigail M. Stark
- Department of Psychology and Center for Brain
Science, Harvard University
| | - Patrick Mair
- Department of Psychology and Center for Brain
Science, Harvard University
| | - Leah H. Somerville
- Department of Psychology and Center for Brain
Science, Harvard University
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11
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Negative emotional reactions to criticism: Perceived criticism and source affects extent of hurt and relational distancing. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0271869. [PMID: 35939429 PMCID: PMC9359543 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0271869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Criticism is commonly perceived as hurtful and individuals may respond differently to criticism originating from different sources. However, the influence of an individual’s perception of criticism in their social relationships on negative emotional reactions to criticism has not been examined across different relational contexts. The present study investigated the influence of perceived criticism and relational contexts–mother, father, romantic partner, and workplace supervisor–on the feelings of hurt and relational distancing experienced upon receiving criticism. Participants (N = 178) completed the Perceived Criticism Measure and read vignettes describing scenarios of personally directed criticism in the four relational contexts. Significant main effects of perceived criticism and source were found on levels of relational distancing. Participants who perceived their relational partner to be more critical experienced greater distancing upon receiving criticism from them. Greater relational distancing was experienced for criticism received from workplace supervisors compared to mothers, fathers and romantic partners. Results indicate that emotional reactions and relationship outcomes in response to criticism can differ based on individual differences and relational context, suggesting their role in relationship maintenance and development of psychopathology.
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12
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Lim G, Kim H. Distinctive roles of mPFC subregions in forming impressions and guiding social interaction based on others' social behaviour. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2022; 17:1118-1130. [PMID: 35579251 PMCID: PMC9714428 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsac037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
People can quickly form impressions of others from their social behaviour, which can guide their future social interactions. This study investigated how the type and timing of others' social decisions affect the impression formation and social interactions. In each trial, participants watched a responder's decision in an ultimatum game, decided whether to choose the responder as their next partner for proposer or responder and reported the perceived warmth, competence and likability of the responder. Participants preferred responders who accepted (i.e. accepters) unfair offers for the responder and those who rejected (i.e. rejecters) unfair offers for the proposer in their next ultimatum game, and the rostral medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) activity encoded such a strategic context-dependent valuation when choosing partners. Slow rejecters were perceived as warmer than fast rejecters, which was mirrored by the anterior mid-cingulate cortex activity when watching others' decisions, possibly detecting and resolving conflicting impressions. Finally, those who perceived accepters vs rejecters as warmer showed higher ventral mPFC responses to accepters vs rejecters when choosing a partner, regardless of the context. The present study suggests that distinctive subregions of the mPFC may be differentially involved in forming impressions and guiding social interactions with others based on their social behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gahyun Lim
- Laboratory of Social and Decision Neuroscience, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea,School of Psychology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hackjin Kim
- Correspondence should be addressed to Hackjin Kim, Laboratory of Social and Decision Neuroscience, School of Psychology, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea. E-mail:
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13
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van Houtum LAEM, Will GJ, Wever MCM, Janssen LHC, van Schie CC, Tollenaar MS, Elzinga BM. Adolescents' affective and neural responses to parental praise and criticism. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2022; 54:101099. [PMID: 35306466 PMCID: PMC8933824 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Social feedback from parents has a profound impact on the development of a child's self-concept. Yet, little is known about adolescents' affective and neural responses to parental social feedback, such as criticism or praise. Adolescents (n = 63) received standardized social feedback supposedly provided by their mother or father in the form of appraisals about their personality (e.g., 'respectful', 'lazy') during fMRI scanning. After each feedback word, adolescents reported their mood. Additionally, adolescents had rated whether feedback words matched their self-views on an earlier occasion. In line with preregistered hypotheses, negative parental feedback worsened adolescents' mood, which was exacerbated when feedback did not match adolescents' self-views. Negative feedback was associated with increased activity in the neural 'saliency network', including anterior insula, anterior cingulate cortex and dorsomedial prefrontal cortex. Positive feedback improved mood and increased activity in brain regions supporting social cognition, including temporoparietal junction, posterior superior temporal sulcus, and precuneus. A more positive general self-view and perceived parental warmth were associated with elevated mood, independent of feedback valence, but did not impact neural responses. Taken together, these results enhance our understanding of adolescents' neural circuitry involved in the processing of parental praise and criticism, and the impact of parental feedback on well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisanne A E M van Houtum
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands; Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition (LIBC), Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Geert-Jan Will
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands; Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition (LIBC), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Mirjam C M Wever
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands; Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition (LIBC), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Loes H C Janssen
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands; Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition (LIBC), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Charlotte C van Schie
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands; Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition (LIBC), Leiden, The Netherlands; Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute and School of Psychology, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Marieke S Tollenaar
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands; Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition (LIBC), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Bernet M Elzinga
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands; Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition (LIBC), Leiden, The Netherlands
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14
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Ito A, Yoshida K, Aoki R, Fujii T, Kawasaki I, Hayashi A, Ueno A, Sakai S, Mugikura S, Takahashi S, Mori E. The Role of the Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex in Preferential Decisions for Own- and Other-Age Faces. Front Psychol 2022; 13:822234. [PMID: 35360573 PMCID: PMC8962742 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.822234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Own-age bias is a well-known bias reflecting the effects of age, and its role has been demonstrated, particularly, in face recognition. However, it remains unclear whether an own-age bias exists in facial impression formation. In the present study, we used three datasets from two published and one unpublished functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study that employed the same pleasantness rating task with fMRI scanning and preferential choice task after the fMRI to investigate whether healthy young and older participants showed own-age effects in face preference. Specifically, we employed a drift-diffusion model to elaborate the existence of own-age bias in the processes of preferential choice. The behavioral results showed higher rating scores and higher drift rate for young faces than for older faces, regardless of the ages of participants. We identified a young-age effect, but not an own-age effect. Neuroimaging results from aggregation analysis of the three datasets suggest a possibility that the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) was associated with evidence accumulation of own-age faces; however, no clear evidence was provided. Importantly, we found no age-related decline in the responsiveness of the vmPFC to subjective pleasantness of faces, and both young and older participants showed a contribution of the vmPFC to the parametric representation of the subjective value of face and functional coupling between the vmPFC and ventral visual area, which reflects face preference. These results suggest that the preferential choice of face is less susceptible to the own-age bias across the lifespan of individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayahito Ito
- Research Institute for Future Design, Kochi University of Technology, Kochi, Japan
| | - Kazuki Yoshida
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Ryuta Aoki
- Graduate School of Humanities, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshikatsu Fujii
- Kansei Fukushi Research Institute, Tohoku Fukushi University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Iori Kawasaki
- Department of Behavioral Neurology and Cognitive Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Akiko Hayashi
- Department of Behavioral Neurology and Cognitive Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Aya Ueno
- Department of Behavioral Neurology and Cognitive Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Shinya Sakai
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shunji Mugikura
- Division of Image Statistics, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Sendai, Japan
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Shoki Takahashi
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Etsuro Mori
- Department of Behavioral Neurology and Cognitive Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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15
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Modulating Social Feedback Processing by Deep TMS Targeting the Medial Prefrontal Cortex: Behavioral and Electrophysiological Manifestations. Neuroimage 2022; 250:118967. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.118967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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16
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Van de Groep IH, Bos MGN, Jansen LMC, Achterberg M, Popma A, Crone EA. Overlapping and distinct neural correlates of self-evaluations and self-regulation from the perspective of self and others. Neuropsychologia 2021; 161:108000. [PMID: 34419488 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2021.108000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Prior research has implicated the medial and lateral prefrontal cortex (PFC) in processing evaluations from the perspective of self (self-traits) and evaluations from others (peer feedback), suggesting that these areas form a neural substrate that serves an intertwined function in monitoring self in relation to others. To test this possibility, we examined neural activation overlap in medial and lateral PFC after processing self- and other-informed evaluations. Young adults (age range 18-30-yrs, n = 40) performed two fMRI tasks. The self-concept task involved rating whether positive and negative traits described themselves. The Social Network Aggression Task involved processing positive, neutral or negative feedback from others, with the possibility to retaliate by blasting a loud noise following feedback. The results show that rating positive self traits and receiving positive peer feedback was associated with increased activity in an overlapping region in medial PFC. There were no significant correlations on a behavioral level and medial PFC activity for self-versus-other evaluations. The study further replicated the finding from previous research showing that higher activity in dorsolateral PFC (dlPFC) when receiving negative social feedback was associated with reduced noise blast aggression. Finally, during retaliatory responses after receiving positive feedback, participants showed increased activity in the dlPFC. Together these findings suggest that medial PFC is more strongly involved in protecting positive self-views from both internal (self traits) and external (peer feedback) points of view, whereas dlPFC is more strongly involved in regulating retaliatory responses following social rejection, and actively inhibiting aggressive behavior after receiving positive peer feedback.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilse H Van de Groep
- Erasmus School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Erasmus University Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, the Netherlands; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Marieke G N Bos
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, the Netherlands; Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, the Netherlands
| | - Lucres M C Jansen
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Michelle Achterberg
- Erasmus School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Erasmus University Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, the Netherlands; Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, the Netherlands
| | - Arne Popma
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Eveline A Crone
- Erasmus School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Erasmus University Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, the Netherlands
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17
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Lockwood PL, Klein-Flügge MC. Computational modelling of social cognition and behaviour-a reinforcement learning primer. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2021; 16:761-771. [PMID: 32232358 PMCID: PMC8343561 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsaa040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Social neuroscience aims to describe the neural systems that underpin social cognition and behaviour. Over the past decade, researchers have begun to combine computational models with neuroimaging to link social computations to the brain. Inspired by approaches from reinforcement learning theory, which describes how decisions are driven by the unexpectedness of outcomes, accounts of the neural basis of prosocial learning, observational learning, mentalizing and impression formation have been developed. Here we provide an introduction for researchers who wish to use these models in their studies. We consider both theoretical and practical issues related to their implementation, with a focus on specific examples from the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia L Lockwood
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PH, United Kingdom
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PH, United Kingdom
| | - Miriam C Klein-Flügge
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PH, United Kingdom
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PH, United Kingdom
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18
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Yoon L, Kim K, Jung D, Kim H. Roles of the MPFC and insula in impression management under social observation. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2021; 16:474-483. [PMID: 33449108 PMCID: PMC8095000 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsab008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
People often engage in impression management by presenting themselves and others as socially desirable. However, specific behavioral manifestations and underlying neural mechanisms of impression management remain unknown. In this study, we investigated the neural mechanism of impression management during self- and friend-evaluation. Only participants assigned to the observation (OBS) group, not the control (CON) group, were informed that their responses would be monitored. They answered how well positive and negative trait adjectives described themselves or their friends. The behavioral results showed that the OBS group was more likely to reject negative traits for self-evaluation and to accept positive traits for friend-evaluation. An independent study revealed that demoting negative traits for oneself and promoting positive traits for a friend helps manage one’s impression. In parallel with the behavioral results, in the OBS vs the CON group, the rostromedial prefrontal cortex (rmPFC) and anterior insula (AI) activity showed a greater increase as the negativity of negatively valenced adjectives increased during self-evaluation and also showed a greater increase as the positivity of positively valenced adjectives increased during friend-evaluation. The present study suggests that rmPFC and AI are critically involved in impression management, promoting socially desirable target evaluations under social observation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leehyun Yoon
- Department of Human Ecology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.,Laboratory of Social and Decision Neuroscience, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.,Department of Psychology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwangwook Kim
- Laboratory of Social and Decision Neuroscience, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.,Department of Psychology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Daehyun Jung
- Laboratory of Social and Decision Neuroscience, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.,Department of Brain and Cognitive Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hackjin Kim
- Laboratory of Social and Decision Neuroscience, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.,Department of Psychology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
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19
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Yu S, Xu J, Shen Z, Wang Y, Wei W, Guo X, Tian J, Liu L, Yang Y, Zeng F, Liang F, Yang J. Frequency-Specific Alterations in Brain Function in Patients with Primary Dysmenorrhea. PAIN MEDICINE 2021; 23:902-911. [PMID: 34314503 DOI: 10.1093/pm/pnab225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recent neuroimaging studies have found that brain function is abnormal in primary dysmenorrhea (PDM). The present study aimed to explore frequency-specific brain alterations and their occurrence in the PDM. METHODS Forty-seven patients with PDM and 36 matched healthy controls were enrolled in the study and underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. The alterations in brain function in patients with PDM were assessed using different frequency filter bands (Slow5, Slow4, Slow3, and full low frequency) and functional connectivity density (FCD) approach. The clinical significance of the altered FCD was then explored. Additionally, mediation analysis was employed to detect the altered FCD-mediated clinical relationships in PDM. RESULTS Frequency-specific FCD alterations have been observed in patients with PDM, especially in the central executive, default mode, sensorimotor networks, and the hippocampus. The altered full low-frequency FCD in the hippocampus was associated with the duration of disease and pain severity scores. The altered Slow 5 FCD in the second somatosensory area (S2) was associated with the severity of pain in PDM. Furthermore, the FCD in S2 mediated the duration associated with pain symptoms in PDM. CONCLUSION The present study identified frequency-specific FCD alterations in PDM and suggested that the S2 area is a potential treatment target for PDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyi Yu
- Acupuncture and Brain Science Research Center, A, cupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.,Acupuncture and Chronobiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Acupuncture and Brain Science Research Center, A, cupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhifu Shen
- North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Yanan Wang
- Acupuncture and Brain Science Research Center, A, cupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Acupuncture and Brain Science Research Center, A, cupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoli Guo
- Acupuncture and Brain Science Research Center, A, cupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jin Tian
- Acupuncture and Brain Science Research Center, A, cupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Liying Liu
- Acupuncture and Brain Science Research Center, A, cupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ya Yang
- Acupuncture and Brain Science Research Center, A, cupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Fang Zeng
- Acupuncture and Brain Science Research Center, A, cupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.,Acupuncture and Chronobiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Fanrong Liang
- Acupuncture and Brain Science Research Center, A, cupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Acupuncture and Brain Science Research Center, A, cupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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20
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Kim J, Kim H. Neural Representation in mPFC Reveals Hidden Selfish Motivation in White Lies. J Neurosci 2021; 41:5937-5946. [PMID: 34059555 PMCID: PMC8265801 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0088-21.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Identifying true motivation for Pareto lies, which are mutually beneficial for both the liar and others, can be challenging because different covert motivations can lead to identical overt behavior. In this study, we adopted a brain-fingerprinting approach, combining both univariate and multivariate analyses to estimate individual measures of selfish motivation in Pareto lies by the degree of multivoxel neural representation in the mPFC for Pareto lies conforming with those for selfish versus altruistic lies in human participants of either sex. An increase in selfish motivation for Pareto lies was associated with higher mean-level activity in both ventral and rostral mPFC. The former showed an increased pattern similarity to selfish lies, and the latter showed a decreased pattern similarity to altruistic lies. Higher ventral mPFC pattern similarity predicted faster response time in Pareto lies. Our findings demonstrated that hidden selfish motivation in white lies can be revealed by neural representation in the mPFC.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT True motivation for dishonesty serving both self and others cannot be accurately discerned from observed behaviors. Here we showed that fMRI combining both univariate and multivariate analyses can be effectively used to reveal hidden selfish motivation of Pareto lies serving both self and others. The present study suggests that selfish motivation for prosocial dishonesty is encoded primarily by increased activity of the ventromedial and the rostromedial prefrontal cortex, representing intuitive self-serving valuation and strategic switching of motivation depending on beneficiary of dishonesty, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- JuYoung Kim
- Laboratory of Social and Decision Neuroscience and School of Psychology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hackjin Kim
- Laboratory of Social and Decision Neuroscience and School of Psychology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
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21
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Dobbelaar S, van Duijvenvoorde ACK, Achterberg M, van der Meulen M, Crone EA. A Bi-Dimensional Taxonomy of Social Responsivity in Middle Childhood: Prosociality and Reactive Aggression Predict Externalizing Behavior Over Time. Front Psychol 2021; 11:586633. [PMID: 33519603 PMCID: PMC7843792 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.586633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Developing social skills is essential to succeed in social relations. Two important social constructs in middle childhood, prosocial behavior and reactive aggression, are often regarded as separate behaviors with opposing developmental outcomes. However, there is increasing evidence for the co-occurrence of prosociality and aggression, as both might indicate responsivity to the social environment. Here, we tested whether a bi-dimensional taxonomy of prosociality and reactive aggression could predict internalizing and externalizing problems over time. We re-analyzed data of two well-validated experimental tasks for prosociality (the Prosocial Cyberball Game) and reactive aggression (the Social Network Aggression Task) in a developmental population sample (n = 496, 7-9 years old). Results revealed no associations between prosociality and reactive aggression, confirming the independence of those constructs. Interestingly, although prosociality and reactive aggression independently did not predict problem behavior, the interaction of both was negatively predictive of changes in externalizing problems over time. Specifically, only children who scored low on both prosociality and reactive aggression showed an increase in externalizing problems 1 year later, whereas levels of externalizing problems did not change for children who scored high on both types of behavior. Thus, our results suggest that at an individual level, reactive aggression in middle childhood might not always be maladaptive when combined with prosocial behavior, thereby confirming the importance of studying social competence across multiple dimensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Dobbelaar
- Leiden Consortium on Individual Development, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands.,Developmental and Educational Psychology, Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands.,Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden, Netherlands.,Department of Psychology, Education and Child Studies, Erasmus School of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Anna C K van Duijvenvoorde
- Leiden Consortium on Individual Development, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands.,Developmental and Educational Psychology, Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands.,Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Michelle Achterberg
- Leiden Consortium on Individual Development, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands.,Developmental and Educational Psychology, Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands.,Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden, Netherlands.,Department of Psychology, Education and Child Studies, Erasmus School of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Mara van der Meulen
- Leiden Consortium on Individual Development, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands.,Developmental and Educational Psychology, Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands.,Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Eveline A Crone
- Leiden Consortium on Individual Development, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands.,Developmental and Educational Psychology, Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands.,Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden, Netherlands.,Department of Psychology, Education and Child Studies, Erasmus School of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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22
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Rappaport BI, Barch DM. Brain responses to social feedback in internalizing disorders: A comprehensive review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 118:784-808. [PMID: 32956691 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Problems with interpersonal relationships are often a chief complaint among those seeking psychiatric treatment; yet heterogeneity and homogeneity across disorders suggests both common and unique mechanisms of impaired interpersonal relationships. Basic science research has begun yielding insights into how the brain responds to social feedback. Understanding how these processes differ as a function of psychopathology can begin to inform the mechanisms that give rise to such interpersonal dysfunction, potentially helping to identify differential treatment targets. We reviewed 46 studies that measured the relationship between brain responses to social feedback and internalizing psychopathology. We found that socially relevant anxiety was associated with amygdala hyperactivity to the anticipation of social feedback. Depression was related to hyperreactivity of regions in the cingulo-opercular network to negative social feedback. Borderline personality disorder (BPD) was associated with hyperactivity of regions in the default mode network to negative social feedback. The review also identified key insights into methodological limitations and potential future directions for the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brent I Rappaport
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Deanna M Barch
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
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23
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Wang Y, Zheng L, Wang C, Guo X. Attenuated self-serving bias in people with internet gaming disorder is related to altered neural activity in subcortical-cortical midline structures. BMC Psychiatry 2020; 20:512. [PMID: 33081740 PMCID: PMC7576814 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-020-02914-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To protect and maintain the positivity of self-concept, normal people usually show a self-serving bias (internal attribution of positive events and external attribution of negative events) by the motives of self-enhancement and self-protection. Additionally, self-serving assessments predominantly activate the subcortical-cortical midline structures (CMS) in healthy individuals. However, little is known about self-serving bias and its underlying neural correlates among individuals with Internet gaming disorder (IGD). METHODS Twenty-four participants with IGD and 25 recreational Internet gaming users (RGUs) were scanned while attributing the causes of positive/negative self- and other-related events that could occur in both the game-world and real-world contexts. Region-of-interest (within CMS regions) and parametric analysis were performed to investigate the neural correlates of self-serving bias in IGD. RESULTS Behaviorally, the IGD participants attributed more negative and fewer positive events to themselves than RGU participants in both contexts. Neurally, during the attributions of negative events, the IGD participants exhibited increased ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) activation in both contexts compared with RGU participants. Higher vmPFC activation was associated with weaker self-protective motivation in the IGD group. Meanwhile, during the attributions of positive events, the IGD participants exhibited decreased precuneus/posterior cingulate cortex activation in the real world compared with RGU participants. Parametric analysis showed a reduced positive correlation between precuneus activation and self-attribution ratings of positive events in the real world in the IGD group relative to the RGU group. CONCLUSION These results suggest that individuals with IGD show an attenuated self-serving bias and altered brain activity within CMS regions involved in self-attribution, providing evidence for the negative self-concept and weakened abilities in both self-enhancement and self-protection in IGD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Wang
- grid.22069.3f0000 0004 0369 6365School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, No. 3663, North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200062 China
| | - Li Zheng
- grid.22069.3f0000 0004 0369 6365School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, No. 3663, North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200062 China
| | - Chenggong Wang
- School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, No. 3663, North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200062, China.
| | - Xiuyan Guo
- grid.22069.3f0000 0004 0369 6365School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, No. 3663, North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200062 China ,grid.22069.3f0000 0004 0369 6365Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, No. 3663, North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200062 China ,grid.22069.3f0000 0004 0369 6365National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education, East China Normal University, No. 3663, North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200062 China
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24
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Crone EA, Achterberg M, Dobbelaar S, Euser S, van den Bulk B, der Meulen MV, van Drunen L, Wierenga LM, Bakermans-Kranenburg MJ, van IJzendoorn MH. Neural and behavioral signatures of social evaluation and adaptation in childhood and adolescence: The Leiden consortium on individual development (L-CID). Dev Cogn Neurosci 2020; 45:100805. [PMID: 33040969 PMCID: PMC7390777 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2020.100805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The transition period between early childhood and late adolescence is characterized by pronounced changes in social competence, or the capacity for flexible social adaptation. Here, we propose that two processes, self-control and prosociality, are crucial for social adaptation following social evaluation. We present a neurobehavioral model showing commonalities in neural responses to experiences of social acceptance and rejection, and multiple pathways for responding to social context. The Leiden Consortium on Individual Development (L-CID) provides a comprehensive approach towards understanding the longitudinal developmental pathways of, and social enrichment effects on, social competence, taking into account potential differential effects of such enrichment. Using Neurosynth based brain maps we point towards the medial prefrontal cortex as an important region integrating social cognition, self-referential processing and self-control for learning to respond flexibly to changing social contexts. Based on their role in social evaluation processing, we suggest to examine medial prefrontal cortex connections with lateral prefrontal cortex and the ventral striatum as potential neural differential susceptibility markers, in addition to previously established markers of differential susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eveline A Crone
- Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, The Netherlands; Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, The Netherlands; Department of Psychology, Education and Child Studies, Erasmus University, The Netherlands.
| | - Michelle Achterberg
- Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, The Netherlands; Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, The Netherlands; Department of Psychology, Education and Child Studies, Erasmus University, The Netherlands
| | - Simone Dobbelaar
- Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, The Netherlands; Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, The Netherlands; Department of Psychology, Education and Child Studies, Erasmus University, The Netherlands
| | - Saskia Euser
- Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, The Netherlands; Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, The Netherlands
| | - Bianca van den Bulk
- Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, The Netherlands; Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, The Netherlands
| | - Mara van der Meulen
- Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, The Netherlands; Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, The Netherlands
| | - Lina van Drunen
- Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, The Netherlands; Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, The Netherlands; Department of Psychology, Education and Child Studies, Erasmus University, The Netherlands
| | - Lara M Wierenga
- Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, The Netherlands; Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, The Netherlands
| | - Marian J Bakermans-Kranenburg
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, The Netherlands; Department of Clinical Child and Family Studies, VU Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marinus H van IJzendoorn
- Department of Psychology, Education and Child Studies, Erasmus University, The Netherlands; School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
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25
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Zhang L, Lengersdorff L, Mikus N, Gläscher J, Lamm C. Using reinforcement learning models in social neuroscience: frameworks, pitfalls and suggestions of best practices. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2020; 15:695-707. [PMID: 32608484 PMCID: PMC7393303 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsaa089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent years have witnessed a dramatic increase in the use of reinforcement learning (RL) models in social, cognitive and affective neuroscience. This approach, in combination with neuroimaging techniques such as functional magnetic resonance imaging, enables quantitative investigations into latent mechanistic processes. However, increased use of relatively complex computational approaches has led to potential misconceptions and imprecise interpretations. Here, we present a comprehensive framework for the examination of (social) decision-making with the simple Rescorla-Wagner RL model. We discuss common pitfalls in its application and provide practical suggestions. First, with simulation, we unpack the functional role of the learning rate and pinpoint what could easily go wrong when interpreting differences in the learning rate. Then, we discuss the inevitable collinearity between outcome and prediction error in RL models and provide suggestions of how to justify whether the observed neural activation is related to the prediction error rather than outcome valence. Finally, we suggest posterior predictive check is a crucial step after model comparison, and we articulate employing hierarchical modeling for parameter estimation. We aim to provide simple and scalable explanations and practical guidelines for employing RL models to assist both beginners and advanced users in better implementing and interpreting their model-based analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Biopsychology Unit, Department of Cognition, Emotion, and Methods in Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna 1010, Austria
- Social, Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience Unit, Department of Cognition, Emotion, and Methods in Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna 1010, Austria
| | - Lukas Lengersdorff
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Biopsychology Unit, Department of Cognition, Emotion, and Methods in Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna 1010, Austria
- Social, Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience Unit, Department of Cognition, Emotion, and Methods in Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna 1010, Austria
| | - Nace Mikus
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Biopsychology Unit, Department of Cognition, Emotion, and Methods in Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna 1010, Austria
| | - Jan Gläscher
- Institute of Systems Neuroscience, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20246, Germany
| | - Claus Lamm
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Biopsychology Unit, Department of Cognition, Emotion, and Methods in Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna 1010, Austria
- Social, Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience Unit, Department of Cognition, Emotion, and Methods in Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna 1010, Austria
- Vienna Cognitive Science Hub, University of Vienna, Vienna 1010, Austria
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26
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Altered functional connectivity during evaluation of self-relevance in women with borderline personality disorder. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2020; 27:102324. [PMID: 32702624 PMCID: PMC7374241 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2020.102324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Appraisal of self-relevance is disturbed in borderline personality disorder (BPD). We introduce the first neuroimaging study about self-relevance processing in BPD. Besides the CMS, the MNS and the SMA are involved in self-relevance processing. Functional connectivity of CMS is altered in BPD during self-relevance evaluations. In BPD, valence affects the functional connectivity during self-relevance ratings.
Self-relevant functional abnormalities and identity disorders constitute the core psychopathological components in borderline personality disorder (BPD). Evidence suggests that appraising the relevance of environmental information to the self may be altered in BPD. However, only a few studies have examined self-relevance (SR) in BPD, and the neural correlates of SR processing has not yet been investigated in this patient group. The current study sought to evaluate brain activation differences between female patients with BPD and healthy controls during SR processing. A task-based fMRI paradigm was applied to evaluate SR processing in 23 female patients with BPD and 23 matched healthy controls. Participants were presented with a set of short sentences and were instructed to rate the stimuli. The differences in fMRI signals between SR rating (task of interest) and valence rating (control task) were examined. During SR rating, participants showed elevated activations of the cortical midline structures (CMS), known to be involved in the processing of self-related stimuli. Furthermore, we observed an elevated activation of the supplementary motor area (SMA) and the regions belonging to the mirror neuron system (MNS). Using whole-brain, seed-based connectivity analysis on the task-based fMRI data, we studied connectivity of networks anchored to the main CMS regions. We found a discrepancy in the connectivity pattern between patients and controls regarding connectivity of the CMS regions with the basal ganglia-thalamus complex. These observations have two main implications: First, they confirm the involvement of the CMS in SR evaluations of our stimuli and add evidence about the involvement of an extended network including the MNS and the SMA in this task. Second, the functional connectivity profile observed in BPD provides evidence for an altered functional interplay between the CMS and the brain regions involved in salience detection and reward evaluation, including the basal ganglia and the thalamus.
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27
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Ito A, Yoshida K, Takeda K, Sawamura D, Murakami Y, Hasegawa A, Sakai S, Izuma K. The role of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex in automatic formation of impression and reflected impression. Hum Brain Mapp 2020; 41:3045-3058. [PMID: 32301546 PMCID: PMC7336154 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous neuroimaging studies demonstrated that ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) activity reflects how much an individual positively views each person (impression). Here, we investigated whether the degree to which individuals think others positively view them (reflected impression) is similarly tracked by activity in the vmPFC by using fMRI and speed-dating events. We also examined whether activity of the vmPFC in response to the faces of others would predict the impression formed through direct interactions with them. The task consisted of three sessions: pre-speed-dating fMRI, speed-dating events, and post-speed-dating fMRI (not reported here). During the pre-speed-dating fMRI, each participant passively viewed the faces of others whom they would meet in the subsequent speed-dating events. After the fMRI, they rated the impression and reflected impression of each face. During the speed-dating events, the participants had 3-min conversations with partners whose faces were presented during the fMRI task, and they were asked to choose the partners whom they preferred at the end of the events. The results revealed that the value of both the impression and reflected impression were automatically represented in the vmPFC. However, the impression fully mediated the link between the reflected impression and vmPFC activity. These results highlight a close link between reflected appraisal and impression formation and provide important insights into neural and psychological models of how the reflected impression is formed in the human brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayahito Ito
- Department of Psychology, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom.,Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan.,Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.,Research Institute for Future Design, Kochi University of Technology, Kochi, Japan
| | - Kazuki Yoshida
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kenta Takeda
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.,Department of Rehabilitation for the Movement Functions, National Rehabilitation Center for Persons with Disabilities, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | | | - Yui Murakami
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.,Department of Occupational Therapy, Hokkaido Bunkyo University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Ai Hasegawa
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Shinya Sakai
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Keise Izuma
- Department of Psychology, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom.,School of Economics and Management, Kochi University of Technology, Kochi, Japan
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28
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Longitudinal changes in DLPFC activation during childhood are related to decreased aggression following social rejection. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:8602-8610. [PMID: 32234781 PMCID: PMC7165424 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1915124117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulating aggression after social feedback is an important prerequisite for developing and maintaining social relations, especially in the current times with larger emphasis on online social evaluation. Studies in adults highlighted the role of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) in regulating aggression. Little is known about the development of aggression regulation following social feedback during childhood, while this is an important period for both brain maturation and social relations. The current study used a longitudinal design, with 456 twins undergoing two functional MRI sessions across the transition from middle (7 to 9 y) to late (9 to 11 y) childhood. Aggression regulation was studied using the Social Network Aggression Task. Behavioral aggression after social evaluation decreased over time, whereas activation in the insula, dorsomedial PFC and DLPFC increased over time. Brain-behavior analyses showed that increased DLPFC activation after negative feedback was associated with decreased aggression. Change analyses further revealed that children with larger increases in DLPFC activity from middle to late childhood showed stronger decreases in aggression over time. These findings provide insights into the development of social evaluation sensitivity and aggression control in childhood.
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29
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Kim H. Stability or Plasticity? - A Hierarchical Allostatic Regulation Model of Medial Prefrontal Cortex Function for Social Valuation. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:281. [PMID: 32296303 PMCID: PMC7138052 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) has long been recognized as the key component of the neurocircuitry involved in various social as well as non-social behaviors, however, little is known regarding the organizing principle of distinctive subregions in the mPFC that integrates a wide range of mPFC functions. The present study proposes a hierarchical model of mPFC functionality, where three functionally dissociable subregions, namely, the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC), rostromedial prefrontal cortex (rmPFC), and dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC), are differentially involved in computing values of decision-making. According to this model, the mPFC subregions interact with each other in such a way that more dorsal regions utilize additional external sensory information from environment to predict and prevent conflicts occurring in more ventral regions tuned to internal bodily signals, thereby exerting the hierarchically organized allostatic regulatory control over homeostatic reflexes. This model also emphasizes the role of the thalamic reticular nucleus (TRN) in arbitrating the transitions between different thalamo-cortical loops, detecting conflicts between competing options for decision-making, and in shifting flexibly between decision modes. The hierarchical architecture of the mPFC working in conjunction with the TRN may play a key role in adjusting the internal (bodily) needs to suit the constraints of external (environmental) variables better, thus effectively addressing the stability-plasticity dilemma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hackjin Kim
- Department of Psychology, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
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30
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Will GJ, Moutoussis M, Womack PM, Bullmore ET, Goodyer IM, Fonagy P, Jones PB, Rutledge RB, Dolan RJ. Neurocomputational mechanisms underpinning aberrant social learning in young adults with low self-esteem. Transl Psychiatry 2020; 10:96. [PMID: 32184384 PMCID: PMC7078312 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-020-0702-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Low self-esteem is a risk factor for a range of psychiatric disorders. From a cognitive perspective a negative self-image can be maintained through aberrant learning about self-worth derived from social feedback. We previously showed that neural teaching signals that represent the difference between expected and actual social feedback (i.e., social prediction errors) drive fluctuations in self-worth. Here, we used model-based functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to characterize learning from social prediction errors in 61 participants drawn from a population-based sample (n = 2402) who were recruited on the basis of being in the bottom or top 10% of self-esteem scores. Participants performed a social evaluation task during fMRI scanning, which entailed predicting whether other people liked them as well as the repeated provision of reported feelings of self-worth. Computational modeling results showed that low self-esteem participants had persistent expectations that others would dislike them, and a reduced propensity to update these expectations in response to social prediction errors. Low self-esteem subjects also displayed an enhanced volatility in reported feelings of self-worth, and this was linked to an increased tendency for social prediction errors to determine momentary self-worth. Canonical correlation analysis revealed that individual differences in self-esteem related to several interconnected psychiatric symptoms organized around a single dimension of interpersonal vulnerability. Such interpersonal vulnerability was associated with an attenuated social value signal in ventromedial prefrontal cortex when making predictions about being liked, and enhanced dorsal prefrontal cortex activity upon receipt of social feedback. We suggest these computational signatures of low self-esteem and their associated neural underpinnings might represent vulnerability for development of psychiatric disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geert-Jan Will
- Max Planck University College London Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing Research, London, UK. .,Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, University College London, London, UK. .,Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Michael Moutoussis
- Max Planck University College London Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing Research, London, UK ,grid.83440.3b0000000121901201Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, University College London, London, UK
| | - Palee M. Womack
- grid.83440.3b0000000121901201Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, University College London, London, UK
| | - Edward T. Bullmore
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK ,Cambridgeshire and Peterborough National Health Service Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ian M. Goodyer
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK ,Cambridgeshire and Peterborough National Health Service Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Peter Fonagy
- grid.83440.3b0000000121901201Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Peter B. Jones
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK ,Cambridgeshire and Peterborough National Health Service Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Robb B. Rutledge
- Max Planck University College London Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing Research, London, UK ,grid.83440.3b0000000121901201Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, University College London, London, UK
| | - Raymond J. Dolan
- Max Planck University College London Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing Research, London, UK ,grid.83440.3b0000000121901201Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, University College London, London, UK
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31
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Development of MPFC function mediates shifts in self-protective behavior provoked by social feedback. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3086. [PMID: 30082718 PMCID: PMC6079030 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05553-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
How do people protect themselves in response to negative social feedback from others? How does such a self-protective system develop and affect social decisions? Here, using a novel reciprocal artwork evaluation task, we demonstrate that youths show self-protective bias based on current negative social evaluation, whereas into early adulthood, individuals show self-protective bias based on accumulated evidence of negative social evaluation. While the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (VMPFC) mediates self-defensive behavior based on both current and accumulated feedback, the rostromedial prefrontal cortex (RMPFC) exclusively mediates self-defensive behavior based on longer feedback history. Further analysis using a reinforcement learning model suggests that RMPFC extending into VMPFC, together with posterior parietal cortex (PPC), contribute to age-related increases in self-protection bias with deep feedback integration by computing the discrepancy between current feedback and previously estimated value of self-protection. These findings indicate that the development of RMPFC function is critical for sophisticated self-protective decisions.
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