1
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Zhou CL, Torbatian Z, Yang SH, Zhang Y, Yi HL, Antezza M, Novko D, Qiu CW. Unconventional Thermophotonic Charge Density Wave. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 133:066902. [PMID: 39178433 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.133.066902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 08/25/2024]
Abstract
Charge-order states of broken symmetry, such as charge density wave (CDW), are able to induce exceptional physical properties, however, the precise understanding of the underlying physics is still elusive. Here, we combine fluctuational electrodynamics and density functional theory to reveal an unconventional thermophotonic effect in CDW-bearing TiSe_{2}, referred to as thermophotonic-CDW (tp-CDW). The interplay of plasmon polariton and CDW electron excitations give rise to an anomalous negative temperature dependency in thermal photons transport, offering an intuitive fingerprint for a transformation of the electron order. Additionally, the demonstrated nontrivial features of tp-CDW transition hold promise for a controllable manipulation of heat flow, which could be extensively utilized in various fields such as thermal science and electron dynamics, as well as in next-generation energy devices.
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2
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Vázquez-Lozano JE, Liberal I. Review on the Scientific and Technological Breakthroughs in Thermal Emission Engineering. ACS APPLIED OPTICAL MATERIALS 2024; 2:898-927. [PMID: 38962569 PMCID: PMC11217951 DOI: 10.1021/acsaom.4c00030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
The emission of thermal radiation is a physical process of fundamental and technological interest. From different approaches, thermal radiation can be regarded as one of the basic mechanisms of heat transfer, as a fundamental quantum phenomenon of photon production, or as the propagation of electromagnetic waves. However, unlike light emanating from conventional photonic sources, such as lasers or antennas, thermal radiation is characterized for being broadband, omnidirectional, and unpolarized. Due to these features, ultimately tied to its inherently incoherent nature, taming thermal radiation constitutes a challenging issue. Latest advances in the field of nanophotonics have led to a whole set of artificial platforms, ranging from spatially structured materials and, much more recently, to time-modulated media, offering promising avenues for enhancing the control and manipulation of electromagnetic waves, from far- to near-field regimes. Given the ongoing parallelism between the fields of nanophotonics and thermal emission, these recent developments have been harnessed to deal with radiative thermal processes, thereby forming the current basis of thermal emission engineering. In this review, we survey some of the main breakthroughs carried out in this burgeoning research field, from fundamental aspects to theoretical limits, the emergence of effects and phenomena, practical applications, challenges, and future prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Enrique Vázquez-Lozano
- Department of Electrical,
Electronic and Communications Engineering, Institute of Smart Cities
(ISC), Universidad Pública de Navarra
(UPNA), 31006 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Iñigo Liberal
- Department of Electrical,
Electronic and Communications Engineering, Institute of Smart Cities
(ISC), Universidad Pública de Navarra
(UPNA), 31006 Pamplona, Spain
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3
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Liu H, Zhang X, Liao Y, Yu J, Liu YT, Ding B. Building-Envelope-Inspired, Thermomechanically Robust All-Fiber Ceramic Meta-Aerogel for Temperature-Controlled Dominant Infrared Camouflage. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2313720. [PMID: 38489784 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202313720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
The unsatisfactory properties of ceramic aerogels when subjected to thermal shock, such as strength degradation and structural collapse, render them unsuitable for use at large thermal gradients or prolonged exposure to extreme temperatures. Here, a building-envelope-inspired design for fabricating a thermomechanically robust all-fiber ceramic meta-aerogel with interlocked fibrous interfaces and an interwoven cellular structure in the orthogonal directions is presented, which is achieved through a two-stage physical and chemical process. Inspired by the reinforced concrete building envelope, a solid foundation composed of fibrous frames is constructed and enhanced through supramolecular in situ self-assembly to achieve high compressibility, retaining over 90% of maximum stress under a considerable compressive strain of 50% for 10 000 cycles, and showing temperature-invariance when compressed at 60% strain within the range of -100 to 500 °C. As a result of its distinct response to oscillation tolerance coupled with elastic recovery, the all-fiber ceramic meta-aerogel exhibits exceptional suitability for thermal shock resistance and infrared camouflage performance in cold (-196 °C) and hot (1300 °C) fields. This study provides an opportunity for developing ceramic aerogels for effective thermal management under extreme conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hualei Liu
- Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Xinxin Zhang
- Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Yalong Liao
- Aerospace Institute of Advanced Material & Processing Technology, China Aerospace Science and Industry Corporation Limited, Beijing, 100074, China
| | - Jianyong Yu
- Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Yi-Tao Liu
- Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Bin Ding
- Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
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4
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Zhang R, Gan L, Zhang D, Sun H, Li Y, Ning CZ. Extreme Thermal Insulation and Tradeoff of Thermal Transport Mechanisms between Graphene and WS 2 Monolayers. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2313753. [PMID: 38403869 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202313753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Controlling and understanding the heat flow at a nanometer scale are challenging, but important for fundamental science and applications. Two-dimensional (2D) layered materials provide perhaps the ultimate solution for meeting these challenges. While there have been reports of low thermal conductivities (several mW m-1 K-1) across the 2D heterostructures, phonon-dominant thermal transport remains strong due to the nearly-ideal contact between the layers. Here, this work experimentally explores the heat transport mechanisms by increasing the interlayer distance from perfect contact to a few nanometers and demonstrates that the phonon-dominated thermal conductivity across the WS2/graphene interface decreases further with the increasing interlayer distance until the air-dominated thermal conductivity increases again. This work finds that the resulting tradeoff of the two heat conduction mechanisms leads to the existence of a minimum thermal conductivity at 2.11 nm of 1.41 × 10-5 W m-1 K-1, which is two thousandths of the smallest value reported previously. This work provides an effective methodology for engineering thermal insulation structures and understanding heat transport at the ultimate small scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiling Zhang
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- College of Integrated Circuits and Optoelectronic Chips, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, 518118, China
| | - Lin Gan
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Danyang Zhang
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- College of Integrated Circuits and Optoelectronic Chips, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, 518118, China
| | - Hao Sun
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yongzhuo Li
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Cun-Zheng Ning
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- College of Integrated Circuits and Optoelectronic Chips, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, 518118, China
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5
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Tsurimaki Y, Benzaouia M, Fan S. Nanophotonic Heat Exchanger for Enhanced Near-Field Radiative Heat Transfer. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:4521-4527. [PMID: 38565218 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c00506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Increasing near-field radiative heat transfer between two bodies separated by a vacuum gap is crucial for enhancing the power density in radiative energy transport and conversion devices. However, the largest radiative heat transfer coefficient between two realistic materials at room temperature is limited to around 2000 W/(m2·K) for a gap of 100 nm. Here, analogous to conventional plate-fin heat exchangers based on convection, we introduce the concept of a nanophotonic heat exchanger, which enhances near-field radiative heat transfer using two bodies with interpenetrating gratings. Our calculations, based on rigorous fluctuational electrodynamics, show that the radiative heat transfer coefficient between the bodies separated by a 100 nm gap can significantly exceed 2000 W/(m2·K) by increasing the aspect ratios of the gratings. We develop a semianalytical heat transfer model that agrees well with the rigorous calculations for design optimization. Our work opens new opportunities for enhancing near-field radiative heat transfer between any materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoichiro Tsurimaki
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Ginzton Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California, 94305 United States
| | - Mohammed Benzaouia
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Ginzton Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California, 94305 United States
| | - Shanhui Fan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Ginzton Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California, 94305 United States
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6
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Luo X, Salihoglu H, Wang Z, Li Z, Kim H, Liu X, Li J, Yu B, Du S, Shen S. Observation of Near-Field Thermal Radiation between Coplanar Nanodevices with Subwavelength Dimensions. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:1502-1509. [PMID: 38277641 PMCID: PMC10853966 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c03748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
With the continuous advancement of nanotechnology, nanodevices have become crucial components in computing, sensing, and energy conversion applications. The structures of nanodevices typically possess subwavelength dimensions and separations, which pose significant challenges for understanding energy transport phenomena in nanodevices. Here, on the basis of a judiciously designed thermal photonic nanodevice, we report the first measurement of near-field energy transport between two coplanar subwavelength structures over temperature bias up to ∼190 K. Our experimental results demonstrate a 20-fold enhancement in energy transfer beyond blackbody radiation. In contrast with the well-established near-field interactions between two semi-infinite bodies, the subwavelength confinements in nanodevices lead to increased polariton scattering and reduction of supporting photonic modes and, therefore, a lower energy flow at a given separation. Our work unveils exciting opportunities for the rational design of nanodevices, particularly for coplanar near-field energy transport, with important implications for the development of efficient nanodevices for energy harvesting and thermal management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Luo
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon
University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Hakan Salihoglu
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon
University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Zexiao Wang
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon
University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Zhuo Li
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon
University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Hyeonggyun Kim
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon
University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Xiu Liu
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon
University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Jiayu Li
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon
University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Bowen Yu
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon
University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Shen Du
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon
University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Sheng Shen
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon
University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
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7
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Zhang S, Dang Y, Li X, Li Y, Jin Y, Choudhury PK, Xu J, Ma Y. Transient measurement of near-field thermal radiation between macroscopic objects. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:1167-1175. [PMID: 38109052 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr04938h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
The involvement of evanescent waves in the near-field regime could greatly enhance spontaneous thermal radiation, offering a unique opportunity to study nanoscale photon-phonon interaction. However, accurately characterizing this subtle phenomenon is very challenging. This paper proposes a transient all-optical method for rapidly characterizing near-field radiative heat transfer (NFRHT) between macroscopic objects, using the first law of thermodynamics. Significantly, a full measurement at a fixed gap distance is completed within tens of seconds. By simplifying the configuration, the transient all-optical method achieves high measurement accuracy and reliable reproducibility. The proposed method can effectively analyze the NFRHT in various material systems, including SiO2, SiC, and Si, which involve different phonon or plasmon polaritons. Experimental observations demonstrate significant super-Planckian radiation, which arises from the near-field coupling of bounded surface modes. Furthermore, the method achieves excellent agreement with theory, with a minimal discrepancy of less than 2.7% across a wide temperature range. This wireless method could accurately characterize the NFRHT for objects with different sizes or optical properties, enabling the exploration of both fundamental interests and practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Zhang
- State Key Lab of Modern Optical Instrumentation, Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, College of Optical Science and Engineering, International Research Center for Advanced Photonics, Zhejiang University, China.
| | - Yongdi Dang
- State Key Lab of Modern Optical Instrumentation, Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, College of Optical Science and Engineering, International Research Center for Advanced Photonics, Zhejiang University, China.
| | - Xinran Li
- State Key Lab of Modern Optical Instrumentation, Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, College of Optical Science and Engineering, International Research Center for Advanced Photonics, Zhejiang University, China.
| | - Yuxuan Li
- State Key Lab of Modern Optical Instrumentation, Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, College of Optical Science and Engineering, International Research Center for Advanced Photonics, Zhejiang University, China.
| | - Yi Jin
- State Key Lab of Modern Optical Instrumentation, Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, College of Optical Science and Engineering, International Research Center for Advanced Photonics, Zhejiang University, China.
| | - Pankaj K Choudhury
- State Key Lab of Modern Optical Instrumentation, Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, College of Optical Science and Engineering, International Research Center for Advanced Photonics, Zhejiang University, China.
| | - Jianbing Xu
- Department of Electronic Engineering and Materials Science and Technology Research Center, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yungui Ma
- State Key Lab of Modern Optical Instrumentation, Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, College of Optical Science and Engineering, International Research Center for Advanced Photonics, Zhejiang University, China.
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8
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Chu QQ, Zhang FY, Zhang Y, Zhu SN, Liu H. Indirect measurement of infrared absorption spectrum through thermal emission of meta-cavity array. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:39832-39840. [PMID: 38041297 DOI: 10.1364/oe.504375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Controlling thermal emission is essential for various infrared spectroscopy applications. Metasurfaces can be utilized to control multiple degrees of freedom of thermal emission, enabling the compact thermal emission materials and devices. Infrared spectroscopy such as FTIR (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy), usually requires external infrared radiation source and complex spectroscopic devices for absorption spectrum measurement, which hinders the implementation of integrated compact and portable measurement equipment. Measuring absorption spectrum through the thermal emission of pixelated thermal emitter array can facilitate the integration and miniaturization of measurement setup, which is highly demanded for on-chip spectroscopy applications. Here, we experimentally demonstrate an integrated technology that allows for indirect measurement of the absorption spectrum through the thermal emission of meta-cavity array. This indirect measurement method opens a new avenue for compact infrared spectroscopy analysis.
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9
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Wen S, Zhang Y, Ma Y, Sun Z. Dirac semimetal-assisted near-field radiative thermal rectifier and thermostat based on phase transition of vanadium dioxide. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:34362-34380. [PMID: 37859194 DOI: 10.1364/oe.496766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
The near-field thermal radiation has broad application prospects in micro-nano-scale thermal management technology. In this paper, we report the Dirac semimetal-assisted (AlCuFe quasicrystal) near-field radiative thermal rectifier (DSTR) and thermostat (DST), respectively. The DSTR is made of a Dirac semimetal-covered vanadium dioxide (VO2) plate and silicon dioxide (SiO2) plate separated by a vacuum gap. The left and right sides of DST are consisted of the SiO2 covered with Dirac semimetal, and the intermediate plate is the VO2. The strong coupling of the surface electromagnetic modes between the Dirac semimetal, SiO2, and insulating VO2 leads to enhance near-field radiative transfer. In the DSTR, the net radiative heat flux of VO2 in the insulating state is much larger than that in metallic state. When the vacuum gap distance d=100 nm, Fermi level EF=0.20 eV, and film thickness t=12 nm, the global rectification factor of DSTR is 3.5, which is 50% higher than that of structure without Dirac semimetal. In the DST, the equilibrium temperature of the VO2 can be controlled accurately to achieve the switching between the metallic and insulating state of VO2. When the vacuum gap distance d=60 nm, intermediate plate thickness δ=30 nm, and film thickness t=2 nm, with the modulation of Fermi level between 0.05-0.15 eV, the equilibrium temperature of VO2 can be controlled between 325-371 K. In brief, when the crystalline state of VO2 changes between the insulating and metallic state with temperature, the active regulation of near-field thermal radiation can be realized in both two-body and three-body parallel plate structure. This work will pave a way to further improve performance of near-field radiative thermal management and modulation.
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10
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Wu H, Liu X, Zhu K, Huang Y. Fano Resonance in Near-Field Thermal Radiation of Two-Dimensional Van der Waals Heterostructures. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:1425. [PMID: 37111010 PMCID: PMC10146062 DOI: 10.3390/nano13081425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) materials and their vertically stacked heterostructures have attracted much attention due to their novel optical properties and strong light-matter interactions in the infrared. Here, we present a theoretical study of the near-field thermal radiation of 2D vdW heterostructures vertically stacked of graphene and monolayer polar material (2D hBN as an example). An asymmetric Fano line shape is observed in its near-field thermal radiation spectrum, which is attributed to the interference between the narrowband discrete state (the phonon polaritons in 2D hBN) and a broadband continuum state (the plasmons in graphene), as verified by the coupled oscillator model. In addition, we show that 2D van der Waals heterostructures can achieve nearly the same high radiative heat flux as graphene but with markedly different spectral distributions, especially at high chemical potentials. By tuning the chemical potential of graphene, we can actively control the radiative heat flux of 2D van der Waals heterostructures and manipulate the radiative spectrum, such as the transition from Fano resonance to electromagnetic-induced transparency (EIT). Our results reveal the rich physics and demonstrate the potential of 2D vdW heterostructures for applications in nanoscale thermal management and energy conversion.
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11
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Qiu H, Lin S, Xu H, Hao G, Xiao G. Hybrid thermionic-photovoltaic converter with graphene-on-semiconductor heterojunction anode for efficient electricity generation. iScience 2022; 25:105051. [PMID: 36147960 PMCID: PMC9485069 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Thermionic energy converters are solid-state heat engines to produce electricity with significant potential, whereas the output voltage is constrained by the work function difference between cathode and anode. In this work, we originally apply a graphene-on-semiconductor heterojunction anode to a thermionic-photovoltaic (TIPV) converter to output additional voltage. Thermionic electrons are injected into the graphene layer and then recombined with photogenerated holes. Photogenerated electrons are extracted from the conduction band and reinjected into the cathode through an external load. A proof-of-concept demonstration of the TIPV converter is developed with barium surface-engineered cathode and anode. Open-circuit voltage is increased from ∼0.9 to ∼1.9 V by comparing with an identical configuration without graphene layer. The TIPV converter yields a power generation density of 2.7 kW/m2 with an electronic efficiency of ∼27%. This work paves the way for the development of TIPV converter toward high power density. A novel thermionic energy converter is originally proposed and measured Open-circuit voltage is increased from 0.9 to 1.9 V by the photovoltaic effect A power density of 2.7 kW/m2 with an electronic efficiency of ∼27% is measured Ultralow work function is obtained by forming barium surface dipoles
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, 38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Shisheng Lin
- Department of Information Science & Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Haoran Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, 38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Guanghui Hao
- Cathode Engineering Center, Beijing Vacuum Electronics Research Institute, 13 Jiuxianqiao Road, Beijing 100015, China
| | - Gang Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, 38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou 310027, China
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12
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Nishijima Y, Kimura S, Takeshima Y, Juodkazis S. Metasurfaces as Energy Valves for Sustainable Energy Management. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:1769. [PMID: 36296122 PMCID: PMC9609501 DOI: 10.3390/mi13101769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Control of light absorption and transmission by metal-insulator-metal (MIM) metasurfaces are promising for applications in optical windows. This study shows the realization of photo-thermal energy conversion for radiative cooling by MIM metasurfaces with thin metal substrate and Indium-Tin-Oxide (ITO). High transparency of ITO at visible wavelengths and high absorption at mid-infrared wavelengths were realized for future applications of efficient cooling or heating applicable for living and working spaces. The MIM (ITO/CaF2/ITO) metasurface was patterned with low-resolution photo-lithography as a demonstration of further simplification and possible scalability of the patterning for practical window applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiaki Nishijima
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan
- Institute of Advanced Sciences, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan
| | - Syunya Kimura
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan
| | - Yu Takeshima
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan
| | - Saulius Juodkazis
- Institute of Advanced Sciences, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan
- Optical Sciences Centre and ARC Training Centre in Surface Engineering for Advanced Materials (SEAM), School of Science, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC 3122, Australia
- WRH Program International Research Frontiers Initiative (IRFI) Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
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13
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Shi K, Chen Z, Xing Y, Yang J, Xu X, Evans JS, He S. Near-Field Radiative Heat Transfer Modulation with an Ultrahigh Dynamic Range through Mode Mismatching. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:7753-7760. [PMID: 36162118 PMCID: PMC9562469 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c01286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Modulating near-field radiative heat transfer (NFRHT) with a high dynamic range is challenging in nanoscale thermal science and engineering. Modulation depths [(maximum value - minimum value)/(maximum value + minimum value) × 100%] of ≈2% to ≈15.7% have been reported with matched modes, but breaking the constraint of mode matching theoretically allows for higher modulation depth. We demonstrate a modulation depth of ≈32.2% by a pair of graphene-covered SU8 heterostructures at a gap distance of ≈80 nm. Dissimilar Fermi levels tuned by bias voltages enable mismatched surface plasmon polaritons which improves the modulation. The modulation depth when switching from a matched mode to a mismatched mode is ≈4.4-fold compared to that when switching between matched modes. This work shows the importance of symmetry in polariton-mediated NFRHT and represents the largest modulation depth to date in a two-body system with fixed gap distance and temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kezhang Shi
- Centre
for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, National Engineering Research
Center for Optical Instruments, Zhejiang
University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhaoyang Chen
- Centre
for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, ZJU-SCNU Joint Center of
Photonics, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yuxin Xing
- Centre
for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, National Engineering Research
Center for Optical Instruments, Zhejiang
University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Shanghai
Institute for Advanced Study, Zhejiang University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jianxin Yang
- Centre
for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, ZJU-SCNU Joint Center of
Photonics, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xinan Xu
- Centre
for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, National Engineering Research
Center for Optical Instruments, Zhejiang
University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Julian S. Evans
- Centre
for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, National Engineering Research
Center for Optical Instruments, Zhejiang
University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Sailing He
- Centre
for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, National Engineering Research
Center for Optical Instruments, Zhejiang
University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Shanghai
Institute for Advanced Study, Zhejiang University, Shanghai 201203, China
- Department
of Electromagnetic Engineering, School of Electrical Engineering, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm S-100 44, Sweden
- Email.
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14
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Zhou CL, Zhang Y, Yi HL. Enhancement and Manipulation of Near-Field Thermal Radiation Using Hybrid Hyperbolic Polaritons. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:7689-7698. [PMID: 35699142 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c00467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Owing to a high electromagnetic confinement and a strong photonic density of states, hyperbolic surface plasmon polaritons (HSPPs) provide a fascinating promise for applications in thermal photonics. In this work, we theoretically predict a possibility for the improvement of the near-field radiative heat transfer on the basis of tailoring the electromagnetic state of hyperbolic metasurfaces by the uniaxial hyperbolic substrate. By using the photonic tunneling coefficient and the polaritons dispersion, we present a comprehensive study of the hybrid effect of the hyperbolic substrate on HSPPs. We find that due to the hybrid effect of the hyperbolic substrate, the anisotropy surface state of hyperbolic metasurfaces would undergo significant deformations and even topological transition. Moreover, we systematically exhibit the evolution of such hybrid hyperbolic mode with different thicknesses of the hyperbolic substrate and analyze the thickness effect on radiative properties of the hybrid system. It is shown that the resulting heat transfer with the assistance of the hybrid hyperbolic mode by optimizing the substrate parameters is many times stronger than that of monolayer hyperbolic metasurface at the same vacuum gap. Taken together, our results provide a platform to tailor 2D hyperbolic plasmons as a potential strategy toward passive or active control of the near-field heat transfer, and the hybrid hyperbolic mode presented here may facilitate the system design for near-field energy harvesting, thermal imaging, and radiative cooling applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Long Zhou
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Aerospace Thermophysics, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
| | - Yong Zhang
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Aerospace Thermophysics, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
| | - Hong-Liang Yi
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Aerospace Thermophysics, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
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Lu L, Zhang B, Ou H, Li B, Zhou K, Song J, Luo Z, Cheng Q. Enhanced Near-Field Radiative Heat Transfer between Graphene/hBN Systems. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2108032. [PMID: 35277922 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202108032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Near-field radiative heat transfer (NFRHT) can exceed the blackbody radiation limit owing to the coupled evanescent waves, implying a significant potential for energy conversion and thermal management. Coupled surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) and hyperbolic phonon polaritons (HPPs) with small ohmic losses enable a long propagation wavelength that is essential in NFRHT. However, so far, there still lacks knowledge about the experimental investigation of the coupling of SPPs and HPPs in terms of NFRHT. In this study, the NFRHT between graphene/hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) systems that can be readily transferred onto various substrates, with a gap space of ≈400 nm is measured. NFRHT enhancements in the order of three and six times higher than the blackbody limit for graphene/hBN heterostructures and graphene/hBN/graphene multilayers, respectively are demonstrated. In addition, the largest ever radiative heat flux using graphene/hBN/graphene multilayers under similar gap space of 400 nm is obtained. Consequently, analyzing the photon tunneling modes reveal that these phenomena are consequences of coupled SPPs of graphene and HPPs of hBN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Han Ou
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Bowen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Kun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Jinlin Song
- School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430025, China
| | - Zixue Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Qiang Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
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Liu R, Ge L, Wu B, Cui Z, Wu X. Near-field radiative heat transfer between topological insulators via surface plasmon polaritons. iScience 2021; 24:103408. [PMID: 34849470 PMCID: PMC8609043 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, thanks to its excellent opto-electronic properties, two-dimension topological insulator not only has attracted broad interest in fields such as tunable detectors and nano-electronics but also shall yield more interesting prospect in thermal management, energy conversion, and so on. In this work, the excellent near-filed radiative heat transfer (NFRHT) resulting from monolayer topological insulator (Bi2Se3) is demonstrated. The NFRHT of this system is mainly dominated by the strong coupling effect of the surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) between two Bi2Se3 sheets. Moreover, the non-monotonic dependence of the Fermi energy of Bi2Se3 on NFRHT is then discovered. It is indicated that the system can provide great thermal adjustability by controlling the Fermi energy, achieving a modulation factor of heat flux as high as 98.94%. Finally, the effect of substrate on the NFRHT is also explored. This work provides a promising pathway for the highly efficient thermal management. The excellent near-field radiative heat transfer of Bi2Se3 is demonstrated The influence of Fermi energy of Bi2Se3 on the heat flux is revealed The effect of substrate on the heat flux is explored
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiyi Liu
- Institute of Advanced Technology, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China.,Shandong Institute of Advanced Technology, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Lixin Ge
- School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, China
| | - Biyuan Wu
- School of Automation and Information Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, China
| | - Zheng Cui
- Institute of Advanced Technology, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China.,Shandong Institute of Advanced Technology, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Xiaohu Wu
- Shandong Institute of Advanced Technology, Jinan 250100, China
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Shi K, Chen Z, Xu X, Evans J, He S. Optimized Colossal Near-Field Thermal Radiation Enabled by Manipulating Coupled Plasmon Polariton Geometry. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2106097. [PMID: 34632648 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202106097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Collective optoelectronic phenomena such as plasmons and phonon polaritons can drive processes in many branches of nanoscale science. Classical physics predicts that a perfect thermal emitter operates at the black body limit. Numerous experiments have shown that surface phonon polaritons allow emission two orders of magnitude above the limit at a gap distance of ≈50 nm. This work shows that a supported multilayer graphene structure improves the state of the art by around one order of magnitude with a ≈1129-fold-enhancement at a gap distance of ≈55 nm. Coupled surface plasmon polaritons at mid- and far-infrared frequencies allow for near-unity photon tunneling across a broad swath of k-space enabling the improved result. Electric tuning of the Fermi-level allows for the detailed characterization and optimization of the colossal nanoscale heat transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kezhang Shi
- Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Zhaoyang Chen
- Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, ZJU-SCNU Joint Center of Photonics, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xinan Xu
- Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Julian Evans
- Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Sailing He
- Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, 315100, China
- Department of Electromagnetic Engineering, School of Electrical Engineering, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, S-100 44, Sweden
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Zhong F, Zhang Y, Zhu S, Liu H. Probing mid-infrared surface interface states based on thermal emission. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:35216-35225. [PMID: 34808960 DOI: 10.1364/oe.439729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Probing mid-infrared surface wave radiation remains a big challenge for a long time. The lack of convenient and quick mid-infrared surface wave radiation probing methods limits the development of the integrated mid-infrared materials and devices. In this work, we propose a scheme to construct and probe the mid-infrared surface wave radiation of interface state in the waveguide through thermal emission. A superlattice composed of alternately placed periodic meta-crystals is designed to construct an array of interfaces to realize the interface states through the transverse electrical waveguide modes with a tolerance in structural parameters. By heating the structure, we employ angular resolved thermal emission spectroscopy to directly and quickly verify the dispersion of mid-infrared interface states, which have specific frequencies, angles, and polarizations. Moreover, we establish a thermal imaging microscopy to probe the local waveguide interface state directly for the first time. This proposed infrared probing method based on thermal emission can be generalized to probe the mid-infrared surface wave in other systems, such as surface plasmon waves in graphene or surface phonon waves in two-dimensional materials in the mid-infrared range.
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Latella I, Biehs SA, Ben-Abdallah P. Smart thermal management with near-field thermal radiation [invited]. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:24816-24833. [PMID: 34614829 DOI: 10.1364/oe.433539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
When two objects at different temperatures are separated by a vacuum gap they can exchange heat by radiation only. At large separation distances (far-field regime), the amount of transferred heat flux is limited by Stefan-Boltzmann's law (blackbody limit). In contrast, at subwavelength distances (near-field regime), this limit can be exceeded by orders of magnitude thanks to the contributions of evanescent waves. This article reviews the recent progress on the passive and active control of near-field radiative heat exchange in two- and many-body systems.
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20
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Toward applications of near-field radiative heat transfer with micro-hotplates. Sci Rep 2021; 11:14347. [PMID: 34253793 PMCID: PMC8275596 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93695-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Bringing bodies close together at sub-micron distances can drastically enhance radiative heat transfer, leading to heat fluxes greater than the blackbody limit set by Stefan–Boltzmann law. This effect, known as near-field radiative heat transfer (NFRHT), has wide implications for thermal management in microsystems, as well as technological applications such as direct heat to electricity conversion in thermophotovoltaic cells. Here, we demonstrate NFRHT from microfabricated hotplates made by surface micromachining of \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\hbox {SiO}_2$$\end{document}SiO2/\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\hbox {SiN}$$\end{document}SiN thin films deposited on a sacrificial amorphous Si layer. The sacrificial layer is dry etched to form wide membranes (\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$${100}\,\upmu \hbox {m} \times {100}\,\upmu \hbox {m}$$\end{document}100μm×100μm) separated from the substrate by nanometric distances. Nickel traces allow both resistive heating and temperature measurement on the micro-hotplates. We report on two samples with measured gaps of \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$${610}\,\hbox {nm}$$\end{document}610nm and \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$${280}\,\hbox {nm}$$\end{document}280nm. The membranes can be heated up to \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$${250}\,^{\circ }\hbox {C}$$\end{document}250∘C under vacuum with no mechanical damage. At \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$${120}\,^{\circ }\hbox {C}$$\end{document}120∘C we observed a 6.4-fold enhancement of radiative heat transfer compared to far-field emission for the smallest gap and a 3.5-fold enhancement for the larger gap. Furthermore, the measured transmitted power exhibits an exponential dependence with respect to gap size, a clear signature of NFRHT. Calculations of photon transmission probabilities indicate that the observed increase in heat transfer can be attributed to near-field coupling by surface phonon-polaritons supported by the \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\hbox {SiO}_2$$\end{document}SiO2 films. The fabrication process presented here, relying solely on well-established surface micromachining technology, is a key step toward integration of NFRHT in industrial applications.
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Campbell MF, Celenza TJ, Schmitt F, Schwede JW, Bargatin I. Progress Toward High Power Output in Thermionic Energy Converters. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:2003812. [PMID: 33977055 PMCID: PMC8097403 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202003812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Thermionic energy converters are solid-state heat engines that have the potential to produce electricity with efficiencies of over 30% and area-specific power densities of 100 Wcm-2. Despite this prospect, no prototypes reported in the literature have achieved true efficiencies close to this target, and many of the most recent investigations report power densities on the order of mWcm-2 or less. These discrepancies stem in part from the low-temperature (<1300 K) test conditions used to evaluate these devices, the large vacuum gap distances (25-100 µm) employed by these devices, and material challenges related to these devices' electrodes. This review will argue that, for feasible electrode work functions available today, efficient performance requires generating output power densities of >1 Wcm-2 and employing emitter temperatures of 1300 K or higher. With this result in mind, this review provides an overview of historical and current design architectures and comments on their capacity to realize the efficiency and power potential of thermionic energy converters. Also emphasized is the importance of using standardized efficiency metrics to report thermionic energy converter performance data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew F. Campbell
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Applied MechanicsUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA19104USA
| | - Thomas J. Celenza
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Applied MechanicsUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA19104USA
| | | | | | - Igor Bargatin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Applied MechanicsUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA19104USA
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Effect of the External Velocity on the Exfoliation Properties of Graphene from Amorphous SiO2 Surface. CRYSTALS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst11040454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
External action has a significant influence on the formation of high-quality graphene and the adhesion of graphene on the surface of the MEMS/NEMS device. The atomic-scale simulation and calculation can further study the exfoliation process of graphene by external actions. In multilayer graphene systems where graphene layers were simulated weakly contacted with SiO2 substrate, a constant vertical upward velocity (Vup) was applied to the topmost layer. Then two critical velocities were found, and three kinds of distinct exfoliation processes determined by critical upward velocities were observed in multilayer graphene systems. The first critical velocities are in the range of 0.5 Å/ps–3.18 Å/ps, and the second critical velocities are in the range of 9.5 Å/ps–12.1 Å/ps. When the Vup is less than the first critical velocity, all graphene layers will not be exfoliated. When Vup is between the first and second critical Vup, all layers can be exfoliated almost synchronously at last. When Vup is larger than the second critical Vup, the topmost layer can be exfoliated alone, transferring energy to the underlying layers, and the underlying layers are slowly exfoliated. The maximum exfoliation force to exfoliate the topmost layer of graphene is 3200 times larger than that of all graphene layers. Moreover, it is required 149.26 mJ/m2 to get monolayer graphene from multilayers, while peeling off all layers without effort. This study explains the difficulty to get monolayer graphene and why graphene falls off easily during the transfer process.
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23
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Lucchesi C, Vaillon R, Chapuis PO. Radiative heat transfer at the nanoscale: experimental trends and challenges. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2021; 6:201-208. [PMID: 33533775 DOI: 10.1039/d0nh00609b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Energy transport theories are being revisited at the nanoscale, as macroscopic laws known for a century are broken at dimensions smaller than those associated with energy carriers. For thermal radiation, where the typical dimension is provided by Wien's wavelength, Planck's law and associated concepts describing surface-to-surface radiative transfer have to be replaced by a full electromagnetic framework capturing near-field radiative heat transfer (photon tunnelling between close bodies), interference effects and sub-wavelength thermal emission (emitting body of small size). It is only during the last decade that nanotechnology has allowed for many experimental verifications - with a recent boom - of the large increase of radiative heat transfer at the nanoscale. In this minireview, we highlight the parameter space that has been investigated until now, showing that it is limited in terms of inter-body distance, temperature and object size, and provide clues about possible thermal-energy harvesting, sensing and management applications. We also provide an outlook on open topics, underlining some difficulties in applying single-wavelength approaches to broadband thermal emitters while acknowledging the promise of thermal nanophotonics and observing that molecular/chemical viewpoints have been hardly addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Lucchesi
- Univ Lyon, CNRS, INSA-Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CETHIL UMR5008, F-69621 Villeurbanne, France.
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24
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Zhang YM, Wang JS. Far-field heat and angular momentum radiation of the Haldane model. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2020; 33:055301. [PMID: 33017806 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/abbe7c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the radiation of energy and angular momentum from 2D topological systems with broken inversion symmetry and time reversal symmetry. A general theory of far-field radiation is developed using the linear response of 2D materials to the thermal fluctuation of electric currents. Applying the theory to the Haldane model, we verify that the heat radiation complies with Planck's law only at low temperature and deviates from it as temperature becomes high. In contrast to normal metals, angular momentum radiation is possible for this system and exhibits saturation as temperature increases. Parameters crucial to the radiation are investigated and optimized. This research enlightens the possibility of transposing the quantum information to the angular momentum degree of freedom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Mei Zhang
- College of Science, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Jiangsu 210016, People's Republic of China
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117551, Republic of Singapore
| | - Jian-Sheng Wang
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117551, Republic of Singapore
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25
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Khandekar C, Yang L, Rodriguez AW, Jacob Z. Quantum nonlinear mixing of thermal photons to surpass the blackbody limit. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:2045-2059. [PMID: 32121903 DOI: 10.1364/oe.377278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Nearly all thermal radiation phenomena involving materials with linear response can be accurately described via semi-classical theories of light. Here, we go beyond these traditional paradigms to study a nonlinear system that, as we show, requires quantum theory of damping. Specifically, we analyze thermal radiation from a resonant system containing a χ(2) nonlinear medium and supporting resonances at frequencies ω1 and ω2 ≈ 2ω1, where both resonators are driven only by intrinsic thermal fluctuations. Within our quantum formalism, we reveal new possibilities for shaping the thermal radiation. We show that the resonantly enhanced nonlinear interaction allows frequency-selective enhancement of thermal emission through upconversion, surpassing the well-known blackbody limits associated with linear media. Surprisingly, we also find that the emitted thermal light exhibits non-trivial statistics (g(2)(0) ≠ ~2) and biphoton intensity correlations (at two distinct frequencies). We highlight that these features can be observed in the near future by heating a properly designed nonlinear system, without the need for any external signal. Our work motivates new interdisciplinary inquiries combining the fields of nonlinear photonics, quantum optics and thermal science.
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26
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Wang L, Bie M, Cai W, Ge L, Ji Z, Jia Y, Gong K, Zhang X, Wang J, Xu J. Giant near-field radiative heat transfer between ultrathin metallic films. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:36790-36798. [PMID: 31873451 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.036790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Understanding energy transfer via near-field thermal radiation is essential for applications such as near-field imaging, thermophotovoltaics and thermal circuit devices. Evanescent waves and photon tunneling are responsible for the near-field energy transfer. In bulk noble metals, however, surface plasmons do not contribute efficiently to the near-field energy transfer because of the mismatch of wavelength. In this paper, a giant near-field radiative heat transfer rate that is orders-of-magnitude greater than the blackbody limit between two ultrathin metallic films is demonstrated at nanoscale separations. Moreover, different physical origins for near-field thermal radiation transfer for thick and thin metallic films are clarified, and the radiative heat transfer enhancement in ultrathin metallic films is proved to come from the excitation of surface plasmons. Meanwhile, because of the inevitable high sheet resistance of ultrathin metal films, the heat transfer coefficient is 4600 times greater than the Planckian limit for the separation of 10 nm in ultrathin metallic films, which is the same order or even greater than that in other 2D materials with low carrier density. Our work shows that ultrathin metallic films are excellent materials for radiative heat transfer, which may find promising applications in thermal nano-devices and thermal engineering.
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27
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Shi K, Sun Y, Chen Z, He N, Bao F, Evans J, He S. Colossal Enhancement of Near-Field Thermal Radiation Across Hundreds of Nanometers between Millimeter-Scale Plates through Surface Plasmon and Phonon Polaritons Coupling. NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:8082-8088. [PMID: 31646871 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b03269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Coupling modes between surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) and surface phonon polaritons (SPhPs) play a vital role in enhancing near-field thermal radiation but are relatively unexplored, and no experimental result is available. Here, we consider the NFTR enhancement between two identical graphene-covered SiO2 heterostructures with millimeter-scale surface area and report an experimentally record-breaking ∼64-fold enhancement compared to blackbody (BB) limit at a gap distance of 170 nm. The energy transmission coefficient and radiation spectra show that the physical mechanism behind the colossal enhancement is the coupling between the surface plasmon and phonon polaritons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kezhang Shi
- Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058 , China
| | - Yongcheng Sun
- Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, ZJU-SCNU Joint Center of Photonics, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics , South China Normal University , Guangzhou 510006 , China
| | - Zhaoyang Chen
- Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, ZJU-SCNU Joint Center of Photonics, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics , South China Normal University , Guangzhou 510006 , China
| | - Nan He
- Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058 , China
- Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University , Ningbo 315100 , China
| | - Fanglin Bao
- Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, ZJU-SCNU Joint Center of Photonics, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics , South China Normal University , Guangzhou 510006 , China
| | - Julian Evans
- Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058 , China
| | - Sailing He
- Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058 , China
- Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, ZJU-SCNU Joint Center of Photonics, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics , South China Normal University , Guangzhou 510006 , China
- Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University , Ningbo 315100 , China
- Department of Electromagnetic Engineering, School of Electrical Engineering , Royal Institute of Technology , Stockholm S-100 44 , Sweden
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Debu DT, Doha MH, Churchill HOH, Herzog JB. Gate voltage and doping effects on near-field radiation heat transfer in plasmonic heterogeneous pairs of graphene and black phosphorene. RSC Adv 2019; 9:29173-29181. [PMID: 35528416 PMCID: PMC9071808 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra04695j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmon coupling and hybridization in 2D materials plays a significant role for controlling light-matter interaction at the nanoscale. We present a near-field radiation heat transfer (NFRHT) between vertically separated graphene and black phosphorene sheets at different temperatures in nanoscale separations. Radiation exchange from the theory of fluctuation electrodynamics is modulated by the carrier density of graphene and phosphorene. Direct comparison of NFRHT black phosphorene-graphene to symmetric graphene-graphene radiation exchange can be as much as 4 times higher for the selected doping range in both armchair (AC) and zigzag (ZZ) orientations of BP. The strong NFRHT enhancement of the specific optical properties of the heterogenous 2D material is due to the strong coupling of propagating surface plasmon polaritons as demonstrated by the distribution of the heat transfer coefficient. We also demonstrate that the magnitude of the near-field radiation enhancement is found to acutely depend on the vacuum gap of the graphene and BP pair. Interestingly, for separation distances below 200 nm, the total near-field heat transfer between black phosphorene and graphene exceeds that between graphene and graphene by 5 times. The radiation enhancement can be further tuned based on the orientation, AC, and ZZ of black phosphorene. These results prominently enable dynamic control of the total NFRHT relying on tunable anisotropic characteristics of BP irrespective of graphene's optical conductivity. Furthermore, the heterogeneous pairs of 2D materials potentially provide alternative platforms to achieve beyond super-Planckian radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desalegn T Debu
- Department of Physics, University of Arkansas Fayetteville Arkansas 72701 USA
| | - M Hasan Doha
- Department of Physics, University of Arkansas Fayetteville Arkansas 72701 USA
| | - Hugh O H Churchill
- Department of Physics, University of Arkansas Fayetteville Arkansas 72701 USA
- Institute of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, University of Arkansas Fayetteville Arkansas 72701 USA
| | - Joseph B Herzog
- Department of Physics, University of Arkansas Fayetteville Arkansas 72701 USA
- R. B. Annis School of Engineering, University of Indianapolis Indianapolis IN USA 46227
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He MJ, Qi H, Wang YF, Ren YT, Cai WH, Ruan LM. Near-field radiative heat transfer in multilayered graphene system considering equilibrium temperature distribution. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:A953-A966. [PMID: 31510483 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.00a953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In the present work, the near-field radiative heat transfer of a multilayered graphene system is investigated within the framework of the many-body theory. For the first time, the temperature distribution corresponding to the steady state of the system is investigated. Unique temperature steps are observed near both boundaries of the system, especially in the strong near-field regime. By utilizing the effective radiative thermal conductance, the thermal freedom of heat flux in different regions of the system is analyzed quantitatively, and the cause of various temperature distributions is explained accordingly. To characterize the heat transfer ability of the whole system, we evaluate the system with two heat transfer coefficients (HTC), transient heat transfer coefficient (THTC), and steady heat transfer coefficient (SHTC). A unique many-body enhancement is observed, which causes a red-shift of resonance peak corresponding to graphene surface plasmon polaritons. Furthermore, a three-body enhancement of SHTC emerges thanks to the relay effect and the complexity of the system. The regime of heat transport can be tuned by changing the chemical potentials of graphene and undergoes a transition from diffusive to quasi-ballistic transport in the strong near-field regime.
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DeSutter J, Tang L, Francoeur M. A near-field radiative heat transfer device. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 14:751-755. [PMID: 31263192 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-019-0483-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Recently, several reports have experimentally shown near-field radiative heat transfer (NFRHT) exceeding the far-field blackbody limit between planar surfaces1-5. However, owing to the difficulties associated with maintaining the nanosized gap required for measuring a near-field enhancement, these demonstrations have been limited to experiments that cannot be implemented in large-scale devices. This poses a bottleneck to the deployment of NFRHT concepts in practical applications. Here, we describe a device bridging laboratory-scale measurements and potential NFRHT engineering applications in energy conversion6,7 and thermal management8-10. We report a maximum NFRHT enhancement of approximately 28.5 over the blackbody limit with devices made of millimetre-sized doped Si surfaces separated by vacuum gap spacings down to approximately 110 nm. The devices use micropillars, separating the high-temperature emitter and low-temperature receiver, manufactured within micrometre-deep pits. These micropillars, which are about 4.5 to 45 times longer than the nanosize vacuum spacing at which radiation transfer takes place, minimize parasitic heat conduction without sacrificing the structural integrity of the device. The robustness of our devices enables gap spacing visualization by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) before performing NFRHT measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- John DeSutter
- Radiative Energy Transfer Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Lei Tang
- Radiative Energy Transfer Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Mathieu Francoeur
- Radiative Energy Transfer Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
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Thomas NH, Sherrott MC, Broulliet J, Atwater HA, Minnich AJ. Electronic Modulation of Near-Field Radiative Transfer in Graphene Field Effect Heterostructures. NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:3898-3904. [PMID: 31141664 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b01086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Manipulating heat flow in a controllable and reversible manner is a topic of fundamental and practical interest. Numerous approaches to perform thermal switching have been reported, but they typically suffer from various limitations, for instance requiring mechanical modulation of a submicron gap spacing or only operating in a narrow temperature window. Here, we report the experimental modulation of radiative heat flow by electronic gating of a graphene field effect heterostructure without any moving elements. We measure a maximum heat flux modulation of 4 ± 3% and an absolute modulation depth of 24 ± 7 mW m-2 V-1 in samples with vacuum gap distances ranging from 1 to 3 μm. The active area in the samples through which heat is transferred is ∼1 cm2, indicating the scalable nature of these structures. A clear experimental path exists to realize switching ratios as large as 100%, laying the foundation for electronic control of near-field thermal radiation using 2D materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan H Thomas
- Division of Engineering and Applied Science , California Institute of Technology , Pasadena , California 91125 , United States
| | - Michelle C Sherrott
- Thomas J. Watson Laboratory of Applied Physics , California Institute of Technology , Pasadena , California 91125 , United States
| | - Jeremy Broulliet
- Thomas J. Watson Laboratory of Applied Physics , California Institute of Technology , Pasadena , California 91125 , United States
| | - Harry A Atwater
- Division of Engineering and Applied Science , California Institute of Technology , Pasadena , California 91125 , United States
- Thomas J. Watson Laboratory of Applied Physics , California Institute of Technology , Pasadena , California 91125 , United States
| | - Austin J Minnich
- Division of Engineering and Applied Science , California Institute of Technology , Pasadena , California 91125 , United States
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