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Herfindal AM, Nilsen M, Aspholm TE, Schultz GIG, Valeur J, Rudi K, Thoresen M, Lundin KEA, Henriksen C, Bøhn SK. Effects of fructan and gluten on gut microbiota in individuals with self-reported non-celiac gluten/wheat sensitivity-a randomised controlled crossover trial. BMC Med 2024; 22:358. [PMID: 39227818 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-024-03562-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals with non-celiac gluten/wheat sensitivity (NCGWS) experience improvement in gastrointestinal symptoms following a gluten-free diet. Although previous results have indicated that fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS), a type of short-chain fructans, were more likely to induce symptoms than gluten in self-reported NCGWS patients, the underlying mechanisms are unresolved. METHODS Our main objective was therefore to investigate whether FOS-fructans and gluten affect the composition and diversity of the faecal microbiota (16S rRNA gene sequencing), faecal metabolites of microbial fermentation (short-chain fatty acids [SCFA]; gas chromatography with flame ionization detector), and a faecal biomarker of gut inflammation (neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, also known as lipocalin 2, NGAL/LCN2; ELISA). In the randomised double-blind placebo-controlled crossover study, 59 participants with self-reported NCGWS underwent three different 7-day diet challenges with gluten (5.7 g/day), FOS-fructans (2.1 g/day), and placebo separately (three periods, six challenge sequences). RESULTS The relative abundances of certain bacterial taxa were affected differently by the diet challenges. After the FOS-fructan challenge, Fusicatenibacter increased, while Eubacterium (E.) coprostanoligenes group, Anaerotruncus, and unknown Ruminococcaceae genera decreased. The gluten challenge was primarily characterized by increased abundance of Eubacterium xylanophilum group. However, no differences were found for bacterial diversity (α-diversity), overall bacterial community structure (β-diversity), faecal metabolites (SCFA), or NGAL/LCN2. Furthermore, gastrointestinal symptoms in response to FOS-fructans were generally not linked to substantial shifts in the gut bacterial community. However, the reduction in E. coprostanoligenes group following the FOS-fructan challenge was associated with increased gastrointestinal pain. Finally, correlation analysis revealed that changes in gastrointestinal symptoms following the FOS-fructan and gluten challenges were linked to varying bacterial abundances at baseline. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, while FOS-fructans induced more gastrointestinal symptoms than gluten in the NCGWS patients, we did not find that substantial shifts in the composition nor function of the faecal microbiota could explain these differences in the current study. However, our results indicate that individual variations in baseline bacterial composition/function may influence the gastrointestinal symptom response to both FOS-fructans and gluten. Additionally, the change in E. coprostanoligenes group, which was associated with increased symptoms, implies that attention should be given to these bacteria in future trials investigating the impact of dietary treatments on gastrointestinal symptoms. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02464150.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Mari Herfindal
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P. O. Box 5003, N-1432, Ås, Norway
| | - Morten Nilsen
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P. O. Box 5003, N-1432, Ås, Norway
| | - Trude E Aspholm
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P. O. Box 5003, N-1432, Ås, Norway
| | | | - Jørgen Valeur
- Unger-Vetlesen Institute, Lovisenberg Diaconal Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Knut Rudi
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P. O. Box 5003, N-1432, Ås, Norway
| | - Magne Thoresen
- Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Knut E A Lundin
- Disease Research Centre, Norwegian Coeliac, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Gastroenterology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Christine Henriksen
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Siv K Bøhn
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P. O. Box 5003, N-1432, Ås, Norway.
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Howard A, Carroll-Portillo A, Alcock J, Lin HC. Dietary Effects on the Gut Phageome. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8690. [PMID: 39201374 PMCID: PMC11354428 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25168690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2024] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024] Open
Abstract
As knowledge of the gut microbiome has expanded our understanding of the symbiotic and dysbiotic relationships between the human host and its microbial constituents, the influence of gastrointestinal (GI) microbes both locally and beyond the intestine has become evident. Shifts in bacterial populations have now been associated with several conditions including Crohn's disease (CD), Ulcerative Colitis (UC), irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's Disease, liver diseases, obesity, metabolic syndrome, anxiety, depression, and cancers. As the bacteria in our gut thrive on the food we eat, diet plays a critical role in the functional aspects of our gut microbiome, influencing not only health but also the development of disease. While the bacterial microbiome in the context of disease is well studied, the associated gut phageome-bacteriophages living amongst and within our bacterial microbiome-is less well understood. With growing evidence that fluctuations in the phageome also correlate with dysbiosis, how diet influences this population needs to be better understood. This review surveys the current understanding of the effects of diet on the gut phageome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Howard
- School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA;
| | - Amanda Carroll-Portillo
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Joe Alcock
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA;
| | - Henry C. Lin
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
- Medicine Service, New Mexico VA Health Care System, Albuquerque, NM 87108, USA
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3
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Riedinger MA, Mesbah R, Koenders M, Henderickx JGE, Smits WK, El Filali E, Geleijnse JM, van der Wee NJA, de Leeuw M, Giltay EJ. A healthy dietary pattern is associated with microbiota diversity in recently diagnosed bipolar patients: The Bipolar Netherlands Cohort (BINCO) study. J Affect Disord 2024; 355:157-166. [PMID: 38527529 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.03.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diet largely impacts the gut microbiota, and may affect mental and somatic health via the gut-brain axis. As such, the relationship between diet and the microbiota in Bipolar Disorder (BD) could be of importance, but has not been studied before. The aim was therefore to assess whether dietary quality is associated with the gut microbiota diversity in patients with recently diagnosed BD, and whether changes occur in dietary quality and microbiota diversity during their first year of treatment. METHODS Seventy recently (<1 year) diagnosed patients with BD were included in the "Bipolar Netherlands Cohort" (BINCO), and a total of 45 participants were assessed after one year. A 203-item Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) data yielded the Dutch Healthy index (DHD-15), and the microbiota composition and diversity of fecal samples were characterized by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing at baseline and 1-year follow-up. Associations and changes over time were analyzed using multivariate regression analyses and t-tests for paired samples. RESULTS Included patients had a mean age of 34.9 years (SD ± 11.2), and 58.6 % was female. Alpha diversity (Shannon diversity index), richness (Chao1 index) and evenness (Pielou's Evenness Index) were positively associated with the DHD-15 total score, after adjustment for sex, age and educational level (beta = 0.55; P < 0.001, beta = 0.39; P = 0.024, beta = 0.54; P = 0.001 respectively). The positive correlations were largely driven by the combined positive effect of fish, beans, fruits and nuts, and inverse correlations with alcohol and processed meats. No significant changes were found in DHD-15 total score, nor in microbiota diversity, richness and evenness indexes during one year follow-up and regular treatment. CONCLUSION A healthy and varied diet is associated with the diversity of the microbiota in BD patients. Its potential consequences for maintaining mood stability and overall health should be studied further.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Riedinger
- Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Psychiatric Institute, GGZ Rivierduinen, Outpatient Clinic for Mental Disability and Psychiatry, Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | - R Mesbah
- Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Psychiatric Institute, Outpatient Clinic for Bipolar Disorders PsyQ, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - M Koenders
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Leiden University, Institute of Psychology, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - J G E Henderickx
- Center for Microbiome Analyses and Therapeutics (CMAT), Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University Center of Infectious Diseases (LU-CID), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Microbiology and Leiden University Center of Infectious Diseases (LU-CID), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - W K Smits
- Center for Microbiome Analyses and Therapeutics (CMAT), Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University Center of Infectious Diseases (LU-CID), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Microbiology and Leiden University Center of Infectious Diseases (LU-CID), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - E El Filali
- Department of Mood disorders, PsyQ, Parnassia Group, The Hague, the Netherlands
| | - J M Geleijnse
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - N J A van der Wee
- Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - M de Leeuw
- Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Psychiatric Institute, GGZ Rivierduinen, Bipolar Disorder Outpatient Clinic, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - E J Giltay
- Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Health Campus The Hague, Department of Public Health & Primary Care, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands.
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Tan CY, Jiang D, Theriot BS, Rao MV, Surana NK. A commensal-derived sugar protects against metabolic disease. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.12.598703. [PMID: 38915674 PMCID: PMC11195190 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.12.598703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Obesity is a worsening global epidemic that is regulated by the microbiota through unknown bacterial factors. We discovered a human-derived commensal bacterium, Clostridium immunis , that protects against metabolic disease by secreting a phosphocholine-modified exopolysaccharide. Genetic interruption of the phosphocholine biosynthesis locus ( licABC ) results in a functionally inactive exopolysaccharide, which demonstrates the critical requirement for this phosphocholine moiety. This C. immunis exopolysaccharide acts via group 3 innate lymphoid cells and modulating IL-22 levels, which results in a reduction in serum triglycerides, body weight, and visceral adiposity. Importantly, phosphocholine biosynthesis genes are less abundant in humans with obesity or hypertriglyceridemia, findings that suggest the role of bacterial phosphocholine is conserved across mice and humans. These results define a bacterial molecule-and its key structural motif-that regulates host metabolism. More broadly, they highlight how small molecules, such as phosphocholine, may help fine-tune microbiome- immune-metabolism interactions.
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Wang B, Luan Y. Evaluation of normalization methods for predicting quantitative phenotypes in metagenomic data analysis. Front Genet 2024; 15:1369628. [PMID: 38903761 PMCID: PMC11188486 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2024.1369628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Genotype-to-phenotype mapping is an essential problem in the current genomic era. While qualitative case-control predictions have received significant attention, less emphasis has been placed on predicting quantitative phenotypes. This emerging field holds great promise in revealing intricate connections between microbial communities and host health. However, the presence of heterogeneity in microbiome datasets poses a substantial challenge to the accuracy of predictions and undermines the reproducibility of models. To tackle this challenge, we investigated 22 normalization methods that aimed at removing heterogeneity across multiple datasets, conducted a comprehensive review of them, and evaluated their effectiveness in predicting quantitative phenotypes in three simulation scenarios and 31 real datasets. The results indicate that none of these methods demonstrate significant superiority in predicting quantitative phenotypes or attain a noteworthy reduction in Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) of the predictions. Given the frequent occurrence of batch effects and the satisfactory performance of batch correction methods in predicting datasets affected by these effects, we strongly recommend utilizing batch correction methods as the initial step in predicting quantitative phenotypes. In summary, the performance of normalization methods in predicting metagenomic data remains a dynamic and ongoing research area. Our study contributes to this field by undertaking a comprehensive evaluation of diverse methods and offering valuable insights into their effectiveness in predicting quantitative phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beibei Wang
- Frontier Science Center for Nonlinear Expectations, Ministry of Education, Qingdao, China
- Research Center for Mathematics and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
- School of Mathematics, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yihui Luan
- Frontier Science Center for Nonlinear Expectations, Ministry of Education, Qingdao, China
- Research Center for Mathematics and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
- School of Mathematics, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Tsigalou C, Tsolou A, Stavropoulou E, Konstantinidis T, Zafiriou E, Dardiotis E, Tsirogianni A, Bogdanos D. Unraveling the intricate dance of the Mediterranean diet and gut microbiota in autoimmune resilience. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1383040. [PMID: 38818135 PMCID: PMC11137302 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1383040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The nutritional habits regulate the gut microbiota and increase risk of an autoimmune disease. Western diet is rich in sugars, meat, and poly-unsaturated fatty acids, which lead to dysbiosis of intestinal microbiota, disruption of gut epithelial barrier and chronic mucosal inflammation. In contrast, the Mediterranean Diet (MedDiet) is abundant in ω3 fatty acids, fruits, and vegetables, possessing anti-inflammatory properties that contribute to the restoration of gut eubiosis. Numerous studies have extensively examined the impact of MedDiet and its components on both health and various disease states. Additionally, specific investigations have explored the correlation between MedDiet, microbiota, and the risk of autoimmune diseases. Furthermore, the MedDiet has been linked to a reduced risk of cardiovascular diseases, playing a pivotal role in lowering mortality rates among individuals with autoimmune diseases and comorbidities. The aim of the present review is to specifically highlight current knowledge regarding possible interactions of MedDiet with the patterns of intestinal microbiota focusing on autoimmunity and a blueprint through dietary modulations for the prevention and management of disease's activity and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Tsigalou
- Laboratory of Hygiene and Environmental Protection, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, University Hospital, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Avgi Tsolou
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Cell Cycle and Proteomics, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Elisavet Stavropoulou
- Laboratory of Hygiene and Environmental Protection, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, University Hospital, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Theocharis Konstantinidis
- Laboratory of Hygiene and Environmental Protection, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, University Hospital, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Efterpi Zafiriou
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Efthymios Dardiotis
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Alexandra Tsirogianni
- Department of Immunology-Histocompatibility, Evangelismos General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Bogdanos
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
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Lan Z, Zhang X, Xu M, Kong J, Zuo X, Wang Y, Wang C, Teng Y, Ni Y, Zhang Y. Whole-genome resequencing and transcriptional profiling association analysis revealed the intraspecies difference response to oligosaccharides utilization in Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1375384. [PMID: 38659979 PMCID: PMC11041377 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1375384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction As prebiotics, oligosaccharides are frequently combined with Bifidobacterium to develop synbiotic products. However, a highly diverse gene repertoire of Bifidobacterium is involved in sugar catabolism, and even phylogenetically close species may differ in their sugar utilization capabilities. To further explore the mechanism underlying the differences in Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis oligosaccharide metabolism. Methods This study screened strains with differential oligosaccharide metabolism. Subsequently, these strains were subjected to genome-wide resequencing and RT-qPCR. Results The resequencing results indicated that the subspecies of B. animalis subsp. lactis had a high genome similarity. The RT-qPCR results revealed that glycosidase genes exhibited consistency in the phenotype of metabolism at the transcriptional level; the better the growth of the strains on the oligosaccharides, the higher was the expression of glycosidase genes related to the oligosaccharides. Our results suggested that the differences in the gene transcription levels led to intraspecies differences in the ability of the strains to metabolize oligosaccharides even when they belonged to the same subspecies. Discussion Future studies with more sample size could generalizable the conclusion to all B. animalis subsp. lactis strains, thus would lay the theoretical foundation for the utilization of the B. animalis subsp. lactis strain as probiotics and the development of synbiotic products.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yongqing Ni
- School of Food Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang Province, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang Province, China
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Rodziewicz A, Szewczyk A, Bryl E. Gluten-Free Diet Alters the Gut Microbiome in Women with Autoimmune Thyroiditis. Nutrients 2024; 16:685. [PMID: 38474814 DOI: 10.3390/nu16050685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiome may contribute to the development of autoimmune diseases, such as autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT). Diet has a critical impact on the gut microbiome, and it has been shown that a gluten-free diet can negatively affect its composition. A gluten-free diet is popular among patients, and therefore the aim of this study was to check whether it affects thyroid function and gut microbiome composition in AIT. Thirty-one women with AIT complied with a gluten-free diet for 8 weeks. After the first 4 weeks, participants were divided into two groups: the first group received gluten in capsules and the other one-rice starch (placebo). Blood and stool samples were examined before diet (T0), after 4 weeks (T1) and after 8 weeks of diet (T2). The only significant difference in blood parameters was observed between T1 and T2 in the placebo group for the thyroid peroxidase antibody level. After the first 4 weeks, a significant increase in Desulfobacterota, Proteobacteria, Prevotella and Parasutterella and a significant decrease in Actinobacteriota, Coriobacteriaceae and Bifidobacterium were observed. The detected microbiome alterations may indicate increasing inflammation; however, further research is required, and for now, a gluten-free diet should be used cautiously in AIT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Rodziewicz
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-210 Gdańsk, Poland
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-210 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Adrian Szewczyk
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Ewa Bryl
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-210 Gdańsk, Poland
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-210 Gdańsk, Poland
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Mansour S, Alkhaaldi SMI, Sammanasunathan AF, Ibrahim S, Farhat J, Al-Omari B. Precision Nutrition Unveiled: Gene-Nutrient Interactions, Microbiota Dynamics, and Lifestyle Factors in Obesity Management. Nutrients 2024; 16:581. [PMID: 38474710 DOI: 10.3390/nu16050581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is a complex metabolic disorder that is associated with several diseases. Recently, precision nutrition (PN) has emerged as a tailored approach to provide individualised dietary recommendations. AIM This review discusses the major intrinsic and extrinsic components considered when applying PN during the management of obesity and common associated chronic conditions. RESULTS The review identified three main PN components: gene-nutrient interactions, intestinal microbiota, and lifestyle factors. Genetic makeup significantly contributes to inter-individual variations in dietary behaviours, with advanced genome sequencing and population genetics aiding in detecting gene variants associated with obesity. Additionally, PN-based host-microbiota evaluation emerges as an advanced therapeutic tool, impacting disease control and prevention. The gut microbiome's composition regulates diverse responses to nutritional recommendations. Several studies highlight PN's effectiveness in improving diet quality and enhancing adherence to physical activity among obese patients. PN is a key strategy for addressing obesity-related risk factors, encompassing dietary patterns, body weight, fat, blood lipids, glucose levels, and insulin resistance. CONCLUSION PN stands out as a feasible tool for effectively managing obesity, considering its ability to integrate genetic and lifestyle factors. The application of PN-based approaches not only improves current obesity conditions but also holds promise for preventing obesity and its associated complications in the long term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samy Mansour
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 127788, United Arab Emirates
| | - Saif M I Alkhaaldi
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 127788, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ashwin F Sammanasunathan
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 127788, United Arab Emirates
| | - Saleh Ibrahim
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 127788, United Arab Emirates
- Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Joviana Farhat
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 127788, United Arab Emirates
| | - Basem Al-Omari
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 127788, United Arab Emirates
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Pasta A, Formisano E, Calabrese F, Plaz Torres MC, Bodini G, Marabotto E, Pisciotta L, Giannini EG, Furnari M. Food Intolerances, Food Allergies and IBS: Lights and Shadows. Nutrients 2024; 16:265. [PMID: 38257158 PMCID: PMC10821155 DOI: 10.3390/nu16020265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
This narrative review delves into the intricate relationship between irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and food intolerances. IBS, a chronic functional gastrointestinal disorder, is characterized by symptoms like abdominal pain and altered bowel habits. The prevalence of IBS has increased globally, especially among young adults. Food and dietary habits play a crucial role in IBS management. About 85-90% of IBS patients report symptom exacerbation linked to specific food consumption, highlighting the strong connection between food intolerances and IBS. Food intolerances often exhibit a dose-dependent pattern, posing a challenge in identifying trigger foods. This issue is further complicated by the complex nature of gastrointestinal physiology and varying food compositions. This review discusses various dietary patterns and their impact on IBS, including the low-FODMAP diet, gluten-free diet, and Mediterranean diet. It highlights the importance of a personalized approach in dietary management, considering individual symptom variability and dietary history. In conclusion, this review emphasizes the need for accurate diagnosis and holistic management of IBS, considering the complex interplay between dietary factors and gastrointestinal pathophysiology. It underlines the importance of patient education and adherence to treatment plans, acknowledging the challenges posed by the variability in dietary triggers and the psychological impact of dietary restrictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Pasta
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (A.P.); (F.C.); (M.C.P.T.); (G.B.); (E.M.); (E.G.G.)
| | - Elena Formisano
- Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (E.F.); (L.P.)
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Francesco Calabrese
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (A.P.); (F.C.); (M.C.P.T.); (G.B.); (E.M.); (E.G.G.)
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Maria Corina Plaz Torres
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (A.P.); (F.C.); (M.C.P.T.); (G.B.); (E.M.); (E.G.G.)
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Giorgia Bodini
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (A.P.); (F.C.); (M.C.P.T.); (G.B.); (E.M.); (E.G.G.)
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Elisa Marabotto
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (A.P.); (F.C.); (M.C.P.T.); (G.B.); (E.M.); (E.G.G.)
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Livia Pisciotta
- Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (E.F.); (L.P.)
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Edoardo Giovanni Giannini
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (A.P.); (F.C.); (M.C.P.T.); (G.B.); (E.M.); (E.G.G.)
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Manuele Furnari
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (A.P.); (F.C.); (M.C.P.T.); (G.B.); (E.M.); (E.G.G.)
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy
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Rühlemann MC, Bang C, Gogarten JF, Hermes BM, Groussin M, Waschina S, Poyet M, Ulrich M, Akoua-Koffi C, Deschner T, Muyembe-Tamfum JJ, Robbins MM, Surbeck M, Wittig RM, Zuberbühler K, Baines JF, Leendertz FH, Franke A. Functional host-specific adaptation of the intestinal microbiome in hominids. Nat Commun 2024; 15:326. [PMID: 38182626 PMCID: PMC10770139 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44636-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Fine-scale knowledge of the changes in composition and function of the human gut microbiome compared that of our closest relatives is critical for understanding the evolutionary processes underlying its developmental trajectory. To infer taxonomic and functional changes in the gut microbiome across hominids at different timescales, we perform high-resolution metagenomic-based analyzes of the fecal microbiome from over two hundred samples including diverse human populations, as well as wild-living chimpanzees, bonobos, and gorillas. We find human-associated taxa depleted within non-human apes and patterns of host-specific gut microbiota, suggesting the widespread acquisition of novel microbial clades along the evolutionary divergence of hosts. In contrast, we reveal multiple lines of evidence for a pervasive loss of diversity in human populations in correlation with a high Human Development Index, including evolutionarily conserved clades. Similarly, patterns of co-phylogeny between microbes and hosts are found to be disrupted in humans. Together with identifying individual microbial taxa and functional adaptations that correlate to host phylogeny, these findings offer insights into specific candidates playing a role in the diverging trajectories of the gut microbiome of hominids. We find that repeated horizontal gene transfer and gene loss, as well as the adaptation to transient microaerobic conditions appear to have played a role in the evolution of the human gut microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Rühlemann
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany.
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
| | - C Bang
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - J F Gogarten
- Applied Zoology and Nature Conservation, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute for One Health, Helmholtz-Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Greifswald, Germany
- Epidemiology of Highly Pathogenic Microorganisms, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
- Viral Evolution, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - B M Hermes
- Evolutionary Genomics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, Plön, Germany
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - M Groussin
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - S Waschina
- Nutriinformatics Research Group, Institute for Human Nutrition and Food Science, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - M Poyet
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - M Ulrich
- Helmholtz Institute for One Health, Helmholtz-Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Greifswald, Germany
- Epidemiology of Highly Pathogenic Microorganisms, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - C Akoua-Koffi
- Training and Research Unit for in Medical Sciences, Alassane Ouattara University / University Teaching Hospital of Bouaké, Bouaké, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - T Deschner
- Comparative BioCognition, Institute of Cognitive Science, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - J J Muyembe-Tamfum
- National Institute for Biomedical Research, National Laboratory of Public Health, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - M M Robbins
- Department of Primate Behavior and Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - M Surbeck
- Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - R M Wittig
- Institute of Cognitive Sciences, CNRS UMR5229 University Lyon 1, Bron Cedex, France
- Taï Chimpanzee Project, CSRS, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - K Zuberbühler
- Institute of Biology, University of Neuchatel, Neuchatel, Switzerland
- School of Psychology & Neuroscience, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Scotland, UK
| | - J F Baines
- Evolutionary Genomics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, Plön, Germany
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - F H Leendertz
- Helmholtz Institute for One Health, Helmholtz-Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Greifswald, Germany
- Epidemiology of Highly Pathogenic Microorganisms, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - A Franke
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany.
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12
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Duncanson K, Williams G, Hoedt EC, Collins CE, Keely S, Talley NJ. Diet-microbiota associations in gastrointestinal research: a systematic review. Gut Microbes 2024; 16:2350785. [PMID: 38725230 PMCID: PMC11093048 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2024.2350785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Interactions between diet and gastrointestinal microbiota influence health status and outcomes. Evaluating these relationships requires accurate quantification of dietary variables relevant to microbial metabolism, however current dietary assessment methods focus on dietary components relevant to human digestion only. The aim of this study was to synthesize research on foods and nutrients that influence human gut microbiota and thereby identify knowledge gaps to inform dietary assessment advancements toward better understanding of diet-microbiota interactions. Thirty-eight systematic reviews and 106 primary studies reported on human diet-microbiota associations. Dietary factors altering colonic microbiota included dietary patterns, macronutrients, micronutrients, bioactive compounds, and food additives. Reported diet-microbiota associations were dominated by routinely analyzed nutrients, which are absorbed from the small intestine but analyzed for correlation to stool microbiota. Dietary derived microbiota-relevant nutrients are more challenging to quantify and underrepresented in included studies. This evidence synthesis highlights advancements needed, including opportunities for expansion of food composition databases to include microbiota-relevant data, particularly for human intervention studies. These advances in dietary assessment methodology will facilitate translation of microbiota-specific nutrition therapy to practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerith Duncanson
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Digestive Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
- Immune Health Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
- School of Medicine & Public Health, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Georgina Williams
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Digestive Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
- Immune Health Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
- School of Medicine & Public Health, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Emily C. Hoedt
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Digestive Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
- Immune Health Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences & Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Clare E. Collins
- Immune Health Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
- School of Medicine & Public Health, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Simon Keely
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Digestive Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
- Immune Health Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences & Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Nicholas J. Talley
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Digestive Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
- Immune Health Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
- School of Medicine & Public Health, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
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13
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Herfindal AM, van Megen F, Gilde MKO, Valeur J, Rudi K, Skodje GI, Lundin KEA, Henriksen C, Bøhn SK. Effects of a low FODMAP diet on gut microbiota in individuals with treated coeliac disease having persistent gastrointestinal symptoms - a randomised controlled trial. Br J Nutr 2023; 130:2061-2075. [PMID: 37272479 PMCID: PMC10657752 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114523001253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Individuals with coeliac disease (CeD) often experience gastrointestinal symptoms despite adherence to a gluten-free diet (GFD). While we recently showed that a diet low in fermentable oligo-, di-, monosaccharides and polyols (FODMAP) successfully provided symptom relief in GFD-treated CeD patients, there have been concerns that the low FODMAP diet (LFD) could adversely affect the gut microbiota. Our main objective was therefore to investigate whether the LFD affects the faecal microbiota and related variables of gut health. In a randomised controlled trial GFD-treated CeD adults, having persistent gastrointestinal symptoms, were randomised to either consume a combined LFD and GFD (n 39) for 4 weeks or continue with GFD (controls, n 36). Compared with the control group, the LFD group displayed greater changes in the overall faecal microbiota profile (16S rRNA gene sequencing) from baseline to follow-up (within-subject β-diversity, P < 0·001), characterised by lower and higher follow-up abundances (%) of genus Anaerostipes (Pgroup < 0·001) and class Erysipelotrichia (Pgroup = 0·02), respectively. Compared with the control group, the LFD led to lower follow-up concentrations of faecal propionic and valeric acid (GC-FID) in participants with high concentrations at baseline (Pinteraction ≤ 0·009). No differences were found in faecal bacterial α-diversity (Pgroup ≥ 0·20) or in faecal neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (ELISA), a biomarker of gut integrity and inflammation (Pgroup = 0·74), between the groups at follow-up. The modest effects of the LFD on the gut microbiota and related variables in the CeD patients of the present study are encouraging given the beneficial effects of the LFD strategy to treat functional GI symptoms (Registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03678935).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Mari Herfindal
- Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Frida van Megen
- KG Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Unit for Clinical Nutrition, Division of Cancer Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mari K. O. Gilde
- Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Jørgen Valeur
- Unger-Vetlesen Institute, Lovisenberg Diaconal Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Knut Rudi
- Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Gry I. Skodje
- Healthy Life Centre, Municipality of Nes, Nes, Norway
| | - Knut E. A. Lundin
- KG Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Gastroenterology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Christine Henriksen
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Siv Kjølsrud Bøhn
- Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
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14
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Yang Y, Xu N, Yao L, Lu Y, Gao C, Nie Y, Sun Q. Characterizing bacterial and fungal communities along the longitudinal axis of the intestine in cynomolgus monkeys. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0199623. [PMID: 37938001 PMCID: PMC10714780 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01996-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Gut microbiota varies along the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and exerts profound influences on the host's physiology, immunity, and nutrition. Given that gut microbes interact with the host closely and the gastrointestinal function differed from the small to the large intestine, it is essential to characterize the gut biogeography of the microbial community. Here, we focused on intestinal bacteria and fungi in cynomolgus monkeys and determined their spatial distribution along the GI tract by performing 16S and 18S rRNA gene sequencing. The composition and function of bacterial and fungal communities differed significantly at different biogeographic sites of the intestine, and the site-specific correlations between intestinal bacteria and fungi were revealed. Thus, our studies characterized the gut biogeography of bacteria and fungi in NHPs and revealed their site-specific correlations along the GI tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunpeng Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Comparative Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Ning Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Linlin Yao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Comparative Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yong Lu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Changshan Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanhong Nie
- CAS Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence Technology, Shanghai, China
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15
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Lu J, Zhang L, Zhang H, Chen Y, Zhao J, Chen W, Lu W, Li M. Population-level variation in gut bifidobacterial composition and association with geography, age, ethnicity, and staple food. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2023; 9:98. [PMID: 38086914 PMCID: PMC10716157 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-023-00467-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Bifidobacteria are key gut commensals that confer various health benefits and are commonly used as probiotics. However, little is known about the population-level variation in gut bifidobacterial composition and its affecting factors. Therefore, we analyzed Bifidobacterium species with amplicon sequencing of the groEL gene on fecal samples of 1674 healthy individuals, who belonged to eight ethnic groups and resided in 60 counties/cities of 28 provinces across China. We found that the composition of the bifidobacterial community was associated with geographical factors, demographic characteristics, staple food type, and urbanization. First, geography, which reflects a mixed effect of other variables, explained the largest variation in the bifidobacterial profile. Second, middle adolescence (age 14-17) and age 30 were two key change points in the bifidobacterial community development, and a bifidobacterial community resembling that of adults occurred in middle adolescence, which is much later than the maturation of the whole gut microbial community at approximately age 3. Third, each ethnicity showed a distinct bifidobacterial profile, and the remarkable amount of unknown Bifidobacterium species in the Tibetan gut suggested undiscovered biodiversity. Fourth, wheat as the main staple food promoted the flourish of B. adolescentis and B. longum. Fifth, alpha diversity of the bifidobacterial community decreased with urbanization. Collectively, our findings provide insight into the environmental and host factors that shape the human gut bifidobacterial community, which is fundamental for precision probiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, 101300, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Yutao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Jianxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Pharmabiotics & Antibiotic Resistance, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Wenwei Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Pharmabiotics & Antibiotic Resistance, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
| | - Mingkun Li
- Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, 101300, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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16
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Blanco-Míguez A, Beghini F, Cumbo F, McIver LJ, Thompson KN, Zolfo M, Manghi P, Dubois L, Huang KD, Thomas AM, Nickols WA, Piccinno G, Piperni E, Punčochář M, Valles-Colomer M, Tett A, Giordano F, Davies R, Wolf J, Berry SE, Spector TD, Franzosa EA, Pasolli E, Asnicar F, Huttenhower C, Segata N. Extending and improving metagenomic taxonomic profiling with uncharacterized species using MetaPhlAn 4. Nat Biotechnol 2023; 41:1633-1644. [PMID: 36823356 PMCID: PMC10635831 DOI: 10.1038/s41587-023-01688-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 175.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Metagenomic assembly enables new organism discovery from microbial communities, but it can only capture few abundant organisms from most metagenomes. Here we present MetaPhlAn 4, which integrates information from metagenome assemblies and microbial isolate genomes for more comprehensive metagenomic taxonomic profiling. From a curated collection of 1.01 M prokaryotic reference and metagenome-assembled genomes, we define unique marker genes for 26,970 species-level genome bins, 4,992 of them taxonomically unidentified at the species level. MetaPhlAn 4 explains ~20% more reads in most international human gut microbiomes and >40% in less-characterized environments such as the rumen microbiome and proves more accurate than available alternatives on synthetic evaluations while also reliably quantifying organisms with no cultured isolates. Application of the method to >24,500 metagenomes highlights previously undetected species to be strong biomarkers for host conditions and lifestyles in human and mouse microbiomes and shows that even previously uncharacterized species can be genetically profiled at the resolution of single microbial strains.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Fabio Cumbo
- Department CIBIO, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Lauren J McIver
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Kelsey N Thompson
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Moreno Zolfo
- Department CIBIO, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Paolo Manghi
- Department CIBIO, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | | | - Kun D Huang
- Department CIBIO, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | | | - William A Nickols
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Elisa Piperni
- Department CIBIO, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
- IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Adrian Tett
- Department CIBIO, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
- Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | | | - Sarah E Berry
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Tim D Spector
- Department of Twin Research, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Eric A Franzosa
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Edoardo Pasolli
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Curtis Huttenhower
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Nicola Segata
- Department CIBIO, University of Trento, Trento, Italy.
- IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy.
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17
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Berglund F, Rodríguez-Molina D, Gradisteanu Pircalabioru G, Blaak H, Chifiriuc MC, Czobor Barbu I, Flach CF, Gheorghe-Barbu I, Măruțescu L, Popa M, de Roda Husman AM, Wengenroth L, Schmitt H, Larsson DGJ. The resistome and microbiome of wastewater treatment plant workers - The AWARE study. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 180:108242. [PMID: 37816267 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.108242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
Urban wastewater treatment plants harbor a large collection of antibiotic resistant enteric bacteria. It is therefore reasonable to hypothesize that workers at such plants would possess a more diverse set of resistant enteric bacteria, compared to the general population. To address this hypothesis, we have compared the fecal microbiome and resistome of 87 workers at wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) from Romania and the Netherlands to those of 87 control individuals, using shotgun metagenomics. Controlling for potential confounders, neither the total antibiotic resistance gene (ARG) abundance, nor the overall bacterial composition were significantly different between the two groups. If anything, the ARG richness was slightly lower in WWTP workers, and in a stratified analysis the total ARG abundance was significantly lower in Dutch workers compared to Dutch control participants. We identified country of residence, together with recent antibiotic intake in the Dutch population, as the largest contributing factors to the total abundance of ARGs. A striking side-finding was that sex was associated with carriage of disinfectant resistance genes, with women in both Romania and the Netherlands having significantly higher abundance compared to men. A follow up investigation including an additional 313 publicly available samples from healthy individuals from three additional countries showed that the difference was significant for three genes conferring resistance to chemicals commonly used in cosmetics and cleaning products. We therefore hypothesize that the use of cosmetics and, possibly, cleaning products leads to higher abundance of disinfectant resistance genes in the microbiome of the users. Altogether, this study shows that working at a WWTP does not lead to a higher abundance or diversity of ARGs and no large shifts in the overall gut microbial composition in comparison to participants not working at a WWTP. Instead, other factors such as country of residence, recent antibiotic intake and sex seem to play a larger role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanny Berglund
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Centre for Antibiotic Resistance Research in Gothenburg (CARe), University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Daloha Rodríguez-Molina
- Institute and Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU (Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität) Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Gratiela Gradisteanu Pircalabioru
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest and the Academy of Romanian Scientists, Bucharest, Romania; Academy of Romanian Scientists, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Hetty Blaak
- Centre of Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Mariana-Carmen Chifiriuc
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest and the Academy of Romanian Scientists, Bucharest, Romania; Academy of Romanian Scientists, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ilda Czobor Barbu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest and the Academy of Romanian Scientists, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Carl-Fredrik Flach
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Centre for Antibiotic Resistance Research in Gothenburg (CARe), University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Irina Gheorghe-Barbu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest and the Academy of Romanian Scientists, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Luminița Măruțescu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest and the Academy of Romanian Scientists, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Marcela Popa
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest and the Academy of Romanian Scientists, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ana Maria de Roda Husman
- Centre of Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Laura Wengenroth
- Institute and Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU (Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität) Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Heike Schmitt
- Centre of Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - D G Joakim Larsson
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Centre for Antibiotic Resistance Research in Gothenburg (CARe), University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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18
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Rizwan MZ, Kerbus R, Kamstra K, Keerthisinghe P, Tups A. Dietary wheat gluten induces astro- and microgliosis in the hypothalamus of male mice. J Neuroendocrinol 2023; 35:e13326. [PMID: 37534400 DOI: 10.1111/jne.13326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Gluten, which is found in cereals such as wheat, rye and barley, makes up a major dietary component in most western nations, and has been shown to promote body mass gain and peripheral inflammation in mice. In the current study, we investigated the impact of gluten on central inflammation that is typically associated with diet-induced obesity. While we found no effect of gluten when added to a low-fat diet (LFD), male mice fed high fat diet (HFD) enriched with gluten increased body mass and adiposity compared with mice fed HFD without gluten. We furthermore found that gluten, when added to the LFD, increases circulating C-reactive protein levels. Gluten regardless of whether it was added to LFD or HFD led to a profound increase in the number of microglia and astrocytes in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus, as detected by immunohistochemistry for ionised calcium binding adaptor molecule 1 (Iba-1) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), respectively. In mice fed LFD, gluten mimicked the immunogenic effects of HFD exposure and when added to HFD led to a further increase in the number of immunoreactive cells. Taken together, our results confirm a moderate obesogenic effect of gluten when fed to mice exposed to HFD and for the first-time report gluten-induced astro- and microgliosis suggesting the development of hypothalamic injury in rodents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Z Rizwan
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology and Department of Physiology, University of Otago School of Biomedical Sciences, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology and Department of Anatomy, University of Otago School of Biomedical Sciences, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Romy Kerbus
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology and Department of Physiology, University of Otago School of Biomedical Sciences, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology and Department of Anatomy, University of Otago School of Biomedical Sciences, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Kaj Kamstra
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology and Department of Physiology, University of Otago School of Biomedical Sciences, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology and Department of Anatomy, University of Otago School of Biomedical Sciences, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Pramuk Keerthisinghe
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology and Department of Physiology, University of Otago School of Biomedical Sciences, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology and Department of Anatomy, University of Otago School of Biomedical Sciences, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Alexander Tups
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology and Department of Physiology, University of Otago School of Biomedical Sciences, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology and Department of Anatomy, University of Otago School of Biomedical Sciences, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Auckland, New Zealand
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19
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Nordin E, Hellström PM, Dicksved J, Pelve E, Landberg R, Brunius C. Effects of FODMAPs and Gluten on Gut Microbiota and Their Association with the Metabolome in Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Cross-Over Intervention Study. Nutrients 2023; 15:3045. [PMID: 37447371 DOI: 10.3390/nu15133045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A mechanistic understanding of the effects of dietary treatment in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is lacking. Our aim was therefore to investigate how fermentable oligo- di-, monosaccharides, and polyols (FODMAPs) and gluten affected gut microbiota and circulating metabolite profiles, as well as to investigate potential links between gut microbiota, metabolites, and IBS symptoms. METHODS We used data from a double-blind, randomized, crossover study with week-long provocations of FODMAPs, gluten, and placebo in participants with IBS. To study the effects of the provocations on fecal microbiota, fecal and plasma short-chain fatty acids, the untargeted plasma metabolome, and IBS symptoms, we used Random Forest, linear mixed model and Spearman correlation analysis. RESULTS FODMAPs increased fecal saccharolytic bacteria, plasma phenolic-derived metabolites, 3-indolepropionate, and decreased isobutyrate and bile acids. Gluten decreased fecal isovalerate and altered carnitine derivatives, CoA, and fatty acids in plasma. For FODMAPs, modest correlations were observed between microbiota and phenolic-derived metabolites and 3-indolepropionate, previously associated with improved metabolic health, and reduced inflammation. Correlations between molecular data and IBS symptoms were weak. CONCLUSIONS FODMAPs, but not gluten, altered microbiota composition and correlated with phenolic-derived metabolites and 3-indolepropionate, with only weak associations with IBS symptoms. Thus, the minor effect of FODMAPs on IBS symptoms must be weighed against the effect on microbiota and metabolites related to positive health factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Nordin
- Department of Life Sciences, Food and Nutrition Science, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Per M Hellström
- Department of Medical Sciences, Gastroenterology/Hepatology, Uppsala University, SE-75185 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Johan Dicksved
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Erik Pelve
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Rikard Landberg
- Department of Life Sciences, Food and Nutrition Science, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Carl Brunius
- Department of Life Sciences, Food and Nutrition Science, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
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20
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González-García BP, Marí S, Cilleros-Portet A, Hernangomez-Laderas A, Fernandez-Jimenez N, García-Santisteban I, Bilbao JR. Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization detects bidirectional causality between gut microbiota and celiac disease in individuals with high genetic risk. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1082862. [PMID: 37457693 PMCID: PMC10347381 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1082862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Celiac Disease (CeD) is an autoimmune disorder triggered by gluten intake in genetically susceptible individuals. Highest risk individuals are homozygous for the Human Leucocyte Antigen (HLA) DQ2.5 haplotype or DQ2.5/DQ2.2 heterozygous. Both the HLA-DQ2-positive high genetic risk individuals and those that have developed the disease have altered intestinal microbiota, but it remains unclear whether these alterations are a cause or a consequence of CeD. Objective To investigate a potential bidirectional causality between gut microbiota (GM) and CeD in HLA-DQ2 high genetic risk individuals. Materials and Methods We performed a bidirectional Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization (2SMR) test using summary statistics from the largest publicly available Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS) of GM and the summary statistics of the Immunochip CeD study of those individuals with the HLA-DQ2 high-risk haplotype. To test whether changes in GM composition were causally linked to CeD, GM data were used as exposure and CeD data as outcome; to test for reverse causation, the exposure and outcome datasets were inverted. Results We identified several bacteria from Ruminococcaceae and Lachnospiraceae families of the Firmicutes phylum as potentially causal in both directions. In addition, our results suggest that changes in the abundance of Veillonellaceae family might be causal in the development of CeD, while alterations in Pasteurellaceae family might be a consequence of the disease itself. Conclusion Our results suggest that the relationship between GM and HLA-DQ2 high risk individuals is highly complex and bidirectional.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara P. González-García
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) and Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Leioa, Spain
| | - Sergi Marí
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) and Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Leioa, Spain
| | - Ariadna Cilleros-Portet
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) and Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Leioa, Spain
| | - Alba Hernangomez-Laderas
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) and Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Leioa, Spain
| | - Nora Fernandez-Jimenez
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) and Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Leioa, Spain
| | - Iraia García-Santisteban
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) and Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Leioa, Spain
| | - Jose Ramon Bilbao
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) and Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Leioa, Spain
- Spanish Biomedical Research Center in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
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21
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Faiz H, Malin SK. A low-calorie diet raises β-aminoisobutyric acid in relation to glucose regulation and leptin independent of exercise in women with obesity. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1210567. [PMID: 37362426 PMCID: PMC10289796 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1210567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: β-aminoisobutyric acid (BAIBA) is a suggested cytokine secreted from skeletal muscles that regulates insulin sensitivity, pancreatic function, and fat oxidation. However, no studies to date have examined if a low-calorie diet (LCD) or LCD + with interval exercise (LCD + INT) differentially raises BAIBA. The purpose was to examine if LCD or LCD + INT raises circulating BAIBA in relation to cardiometabolic health. Methods: For this, twenty-three women with obesity were randomized to either 2-weeks of LCD (n = 12, 48.4 ± 2.5 y, 37.84 ± 1.5 kg/m2; ∼1200 kcal/day) or LCD + INT (n = 11, 47.6 ± 4.3 y, 37.9 ± 2.3 kg/m2; ∼60 min/d of INT alternating 3 min of 90% and 50% HRpeak), with matched energy availability. Fasting BAIBA and adipokines along with glucose, insulin, C-peptide, and FFA after every 30 min up to 120 min were obtained during a 75 g OGTT to estimate total area under the curve (tAUC), insulin sensitivity (SIIS), pancreatic function [disposition index (DI)], and hepatic insulin clearance (HIC). Fuel use (indirect calorimetry) was tested at 0, 60, and 120 min of the OGTT along with fitness (VO2peak) and body composition (BodPod). Results: Both treatments lowered body weight (p < 0.001) and leptin (p < 0.001) but raised BAIBA (p = 0.007) and insulin sensitivity (p = 0.02). LCD + INT increased VO2peak (p = 0.02) and REE tAUC120min (p = 0.02) while LCD and LCD + INT decreased carbohydrate oxidation (CHOox) tAUC120min (p < 0.001). Increased BAIBA associated with reduced weight (r = -0.67, p < 0.001), leptin (r = -0.66, p = 0.001), CHOox tAUC120min (r = -0.44, p = 0.03) and DImuscle120min (r = -0.45, p = 0.03), but elevated HIC120min (r = 0.47, p = 0.02). Discussion: Concluding, LCD and LCD + INT increased BAIBA in relation to reduced body weight and pancreatic function in women with obesity. This suggests energy deficit is a key factor regulating circulating BAIBA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habiba Faiz
- Department of Kinesiology and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Steven K. Malin
- Department of Kinesiology and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nutrition, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
- New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
- Institute of Translational Medicine and Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
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22
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Johansen VBI, Færø D, Buschard K, Kristiansen K, Pociot F, Kiilerich P, Josefsen K, Haupt-Jorgensen M, Antvorskov JC. A Gluten-Free Diet during Pregnancy and Early Life Increases Short Chain Fatty Acid-Producing Bacteria and Regulatory T Cells in Prediabetic NOD Mice. Cells 2023; 12:1567. [PMID: 37371037 PMCID: PMC10297205 DOI: 10.3390/cells12121567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence of the autoimmune disease type 1 diabetes is increasing, likely caused by environmental factors. A gluten-free diet has previously been shown to ameliorate autoimmune diabetes in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice and humans. Although the exact mechanisms are not understood, interventions influencing the intestinal microbiota early in life affect the risk of type 1 diabetes. Here, we characterize how NOD mice that are fed a gluten-free (GF) diet differ from NOD mice that are fed a gluten-containing standard (STD) diet in terms of their microbiota composition by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing and pancreatic immune environment by real-time quantitative PCR at the prediabetic stage at 6 and 13 weeks of age. Gut microbiota analysis revealed highly distinct microbiota compositions in both the cecum and the colon of GF-fed mice compared with STD-fed mice. The microbiotas of the GF-fed mice were characterized by an increased Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio, an increased abundance of short chain fatty acid (particularly butyrate)-producing bacteria, and a reduced abundance of Lactobacilli compared with STD mice. We found that the insulitis score in the GF mice was significantly reduced compared with the STD mice and that the markers for regulatory T cells and T helper 2 cells were upregulated in the pancreas of the GF mice. In conclusion, a GF diet during pre- and early post-natal life induces shifts in the cecal and colonic microbiota compatible with a less inflammatory environment, providing a likely mechanism for the protective effect of a GF diet in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daisy Færø
- Department of Pathology, Bartholin Institute, Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (D.F.); (K.B.); (K.J.); (M.H.-J.)
| | - Karsten Buschard
- Department of Pathology, Bartholin Institute, Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (D.F.); (K.B.); (K.J.); (M.H.-J.)
| | - Karsten Kristiansen
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, August Krogh Building, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 13, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; (K.K.); (P.K.)
| | - Flemming Pociot
- Steno Diabetes Center, Borgmester Ib Juuls Vej 83, 2730 Herlev, Denmark;
| | - Pia Kiilerich
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, August Krogh Building, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 13, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; (K.K.); (P.K.)
- Department for Congenital Disorders, Danish Center for Neonatal Screening, Statens Serum Institut, 2300 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Knud Josefsen
- Department of Pathology, Bartholin Institute, Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (D.F.); (K.B.); (K.J.); (M.H.-J.)
| | - Martin Haupt-Jorgensen
- Department of Pathology, Bartholin Institute, Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (D.F.); (K.B.); (K.J.); (M.H.-J.)
| | - Julie Christine Antvorskov
- Department of Pathology, Bartholin Institute, Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (D.F.); (K.B.); (K.J.); (M.H.-J.)
- Steno Diabetes Center, Borgmester Ib Juuls Vej 83, 2730 Herlev, Denmark;
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23
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Ladeira R, Tap J, Derrien M. Exploring Bifidobacterium species community and functional variations with human gut microbiome structure and health beyond infancy. MICROBIOME RESEARCH REPORTS 2023; 2:9. [PMID: 38047280 PMCID: PMC10688807 DOI: 10.20517/mrr.2023.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Aim: The human gut Bifidobacterium community has been studied in detail in infants and following dietary interventions in adults. However, the variability of the distribution of Bifidobacterium species and intra-species functions have been little studied, particularly beyond infancy. Here, we explore the ecology of Bifidobacterium communities in a large public dataset of human gut metagenomes, mostly corresponding to adults. Methods: We selected 9.515 unique gut metagenomes from curatedMetagenomicData. Samples were partitioned by applying Dirichlet's multinomial mixture to Bifidobacterium species. A functional analysis was performed on > 2.000 human-associated Bifidobacterium metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) paired with participant gut microbiome and health features. Results: We identified several Bifidobacterium-based partitions in the human gut microbiome differing in terms of the presence and abundance of Bifidobacterium species. The partitions enriched in both B. longum and B. adolescentis were associated with gut microbiome diversity and a higher abundance of butyrate producers and were more prevalent in healthy individuals. B. bifidum MAGs harboring a set of genes potentially related to phages were more prevalent in partitions associated with a lower gut microbiome diversity and were genetically more closely related. Conclusion: This study expands our knowledge of the ecology and variability of the Bifidobacterium community, particularly in adults, and its specific association with the gut microbiota and health. Its findings may guide the rational selection of Bifidobacterium strains for gut microbiome complementation according to the individual's endogenous Bifidobacterium community. Our results also suggest that gut microbiome stratification for particular genera may be relevant for studies of variations of species and associations with the gut microbiome and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben Ladeira
- Advanced Health & Science, Danone Global Research & Innovation Center, Gif-sur-Yvette 91190, France
| | - Julien Tap
- Advanced Health & Science, Danone Global Research & Innovation Center, Gif-sur-Yvette 91190, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Jouy-en-Josas 78350, France
| | - Muriel Derrien
- Advanced Health & Science, Danone Global Research & Innovation Center, Gif-sur-Yvette 91190, France
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24
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Soleimani Jevinani S, Mohammad Rahimi H, Asri N, Rostami-Nejad M, Ahmadipour S, Mirjalali H. Molecular epidemiology and subtyping of Blastocystis sp. and its subtypes in celiac patients; a case control study. Microb Pathog 2023; 179:106086. [PMID: 36963704 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023]
Abstract
Blastocystis sp. is a common intestinal protist, reported from symptomatic and asymptomatic subjects. Blastocystis sp. has been reported from a broad spectrum of gastrointestinal disorders. Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune disorder of the small intestine, which leads to the lack of tolerance against gluten. Long-term following of gluten-free diet in CD patients decreases the gut microbiota restoration and probably decreases the chance of Blastocystis sp. colonization. The current study aimed to investigate the prevalence of Blastocystis sp. and its subtypes in CD patients in comparison to healthy subjects. Stool samples were collected from 238 participants including 92 confirmed CD patients and 146 healthy subjects. upon DNA extraction, the presence of Blastocystis sp. was evaluated using amplification of discriminative regions of the small ribosomal RNA (ssu rRNA) gene. To characterize subtypes and alleles, amplified fragments were sequenced. Phylogenetic trees were constructed to visualize subtype correlation. Our findings showed that 21% (50) of samples including 16.3% (15/92) and 23.97% (35/146) were positive for Blastocystis sp. in CD patients and healthy controls, respectively. Except family relationship, other variables were not statistical correlated with the presence of Blastocystis sp.. Totally, 25 samples were successfully sequenced. Accordingly, ST1, ST2, and ST3 were present in 8 (32%), 9 (36%), and 8 (32%) of the samples, respectively. Allele discrimination showed that all ST1 were allele 4; alleles 11, 9, and 12 were retrieved from ST2, and alleles 34, 36, and 38 were observed in ST3. The relationship between colonization of Blastocystis sp. and alteration in the gut microbiota composition is indeterminate, however, this hypothesis that lower prevalence of Blastocystis sp. in CD patients who follow a gluten-free diet affect the colonization of Blastocystis sp. via alteration in the gut microbiota composition could be interesting for further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hanieh Mohammad Rahimi
- Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nastaran Asri
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Rostami-Nejad
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shokoufeh Ahmadipour
- Department of Pediatric, Faculty of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Hamed Mirjalali
- Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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25
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Antonsen J, Winther-Jensen M, Krogsbøll LT, Jess T, Jorgensen LN, Allin KH. Non-culture-based studies of the appendiceal microbiota: a systematic review. Future Microbiol 2023; 18:205-216. [PMID: 36916537 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2022-0194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims: To review studies examining the appendiceal microbiota and microbial changes in acute appendicitis. Methods: After a systematic literature search, 11 studies examining the appendiceal microbiota (414 samples) using non-culture-based methods were included. Results: The appendiceal microbiota showed decreased α-diversity compared with fecal microbiota. Inflamed and uninflamed appendices showed differences in β-diversity, and there was an increased abundance of oral-associated bacteria in inflamed versus uninflamed appendices. Conclusion: The appendiceal microbiota exhibits lower α-diversity than the fecal microbiota, with an increased abundance of oral-associated bacteria. Compared with uninflamed appendices, the appendix microbiota in acute appendicitis also showed increased abundance of oral-associated bacteria, but no bacterial profile unique to either complicated or uncomplicated appendicitis was found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Antonsen
- Digestive Disease Centre, Bispebjerg & Frederiksberg Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Data, Biostatistics & Pharmacoepidemiology, Centre for Clinical Research & Prevention, Bispebjerg & Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Matilde Winther-Jensen
- Department of Data, Biostatistics & Pharmacoepidemiology, Centre for Clinical Research & Prevention, Bispebjerg & Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lasse T Krogsbøll
- Digestive Disease Centre, Bispebjerg & Frederiksberg Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tine Jess
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Center for Molecular Prediction of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (PREDICT), Aalborg University, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Lars N Jorgensen
- Digestive Disease Centre, Bispebjerg & Frederiksberg Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kristine H Allin
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Center for Molecular Prediction of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (PREDICT), Aalborg University, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
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26
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Li ZT, Han SX, Pu JY, Wang YY, Jiang Y, Gao MJ, Zhan XB, Xu S. In Vitro Digestion and Fecal Fermentation of Low-Gluten Rice and Its Effect on the Gut Microbiota. Foods 2023; 12:foods12040855. [PMID: 36832930 PMCID: PMC9956666 DOI: 10.3390/foods12040855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Low-gluten rice is part of a special diet for chronic kidney disease patients, but its digestive mechanism in the gastrointestinal tract is unclear. In this study, low-gluten rice (LGR), common rice (CR), and rice starch (RS) were used as experimental samples, and their digestion and bacterial fermentation were simulated using an in vitro gastrointestinal reactor to investigate the mechanism of the effect of LGR on human health. The starch digestibility of CR was higher than that of LGR, with statistically significant differences. LGR has growth-promoting and metabolic effects on Akkermansia muciniphila. Among the beneficial metabolites, the concentration of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) from LGR reached 104.85 mmol/L, an increase of 44.94% (versus RS) and 25.33% (versus CR). Moreover, the concentration of lactic acid reached 18.19 mmol/L, an increase of 60.55% (versus RS) and 25.28% (versus CR). Among the harmful metabolites, the concentration of branched-chain fatty acids (BCFAs) in LGR was 0.29 mmol/L and the concentration of ammonia was 2.60 mmol/L, which was 79.31% and 16.15% lower than CR, respectively. A significant increase in the concentration of the beneficial intestinal bacteria Bacteroides and Bifidobacterium occurred from LGR. The 16s rDNA sequencing showed that the abundance of the Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes increased and the abundance of the Proteobacteria and Fusobacteria decreased. Thus, LGR has positive effects on digestion and gut microbiota structure and metabolism in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Tao Li
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Shuang-Xin Han
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Jia-Yang Pu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yu-Ying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yun Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Min-Jie Gao
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xiao-Bei Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Correspondence: (X.-B.Z.); (S.X.); Tel.: +86-51085918299 (X.-B.Z.); +86-51068089784 (S.X.)
| | - Song Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Correspondence: (X.-B.Z.); (S.X.); Tel.: +86-51085918299 (X.-B.Z.); +86-51068089784 (S.X.)
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Rinninella E, Tohumcu E, Raoul P, Fiorani M, Cintoni M, Mele MC, Cammarota G, Gasbarrini A, Ianiro G. The role of diet in shaping human gut microbiota. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol 2023; 62-63:101828. [PMID: 37094913 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpg.2023.101828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
Gut microbiota plays a fundamental role within human health, and exerts key functions within the human body. Diet is one of the most powerful modulators of gut microbiota functions and composition. This complex interplay involves also the immune system and the intestinal barrier, highlighting the central role of diet in the pathogenesis and treatment of multiple diseases. In this review article we will paint the landscape of the effects of specific dietary nutrients, and of the detrimental or beneficial outcomes of different dietary patterns, on the composition of human gut microbiota. Moreover, we will discuss the potential application of diet as a therapeutic modulator of gut microbiota, including cutting-edge ways of exploitation, including the use of dietary components as adjuvants to promote microbial engraftment after fecal microbiota transplantation, or personalized nutritional approaches, targeted to the patient microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Rinninella
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Clinical Nutrition Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Ege Tohumcu
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Digestive Disease Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Pauline Raoul
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Clinical Nutrition Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Marcello Fiorani
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Digestive Disease Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Cintoni
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Clinical Nutrition Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Mele
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Clinical Nutrition Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Cammarota
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Digestive Disease Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Gasbarrini
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Digestive Disease Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianluca Ianiro
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Digestive Disease Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
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Colomier E, Algera JP, Van den Houte K, Simrén M, Tack J. Mechanisms underlying food-related symptoms in disorders of gut-brain interaction: Course ahead in research and clinical practice. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol 2023; 62-63:101824. [PMID: 37094907 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpg.2023.101824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
A subgroup of patients with a disorder of gut-brain interaction (DGBI) report symptoms such as abdominal pain, gas-related symptoms, dyspeptic symptoms and loose stool or urgency after meal intake. Therefore, the effect of several dietary therapies including fibre-rich or restrictive diets have already been studied in patients with irritable bowel syndrome, functional abdominal bloating or distention, and functional dyspepsia. However, there is a paucity of studies in the literature on the mechanisms underlying food-related symptoms. Therefore, this review focuses on these potential mechanisms and explains the role of nutrient sensing and tasting, physical considerations, malabsorption or allergy-like reaction to food and its interaction with microbiota. In addition, it emphasizes the importance of future research and clinical practice regarding food-related symptoms in patients with a DGBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Colomier
- Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism (CHROMETA), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Joost P Algera
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Karen Van den Houte
- Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism (CHROMETA), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Magnus Simrén
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Center for Functional GI and Motility Disorders, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Jan Tack
- Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism (CHROMETA), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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Neuman V, Pruhova S, Kulich M, Kolouskova S, Vosahlo J, Romanova M, Petruzelkova L, Havlik J, Mascellani A, Henke S, Sumnik Z, Cinek O. Changes in the gut bacteriome upon gluten-free diet intervention do not mediate beta cell preservation. Diabetologia 2023; 66:241-246. [PMID: 36194251 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-022-05805-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS We previously detected indications that beta cell function is protected by gluten-free diet (GFD) introduced shortly after the onset of childhood type 1 diabetes. The present aim was to assess whether GFD was associated with changes in the gut bacteriome composition and in its functional capacity, and whether such changes mediated the observed effects of GFD on beta cell function. METHODS Forty-five children (aged 10.2 ± 3.3 years) were recruited into a self-selected intervention trial primarily focused on determining the role of GFD on beta cell preservation ( ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02867436). Stool samples were collected prior to the dietary intervention and then at 3-month intervals. A total of 128 samples from the GFD group and 112 from the control group were analysed for bacteriome 16S rDNA community profiles, the bacteriome functional capacity was predicted using PICRUSt2 and actual gut metabolome profiles measured using NMR. Intestinal permeability was assessed using serum zonulin concentrations at 1, 6 and 12 months and lactulose/mannitol tests at the end of intervention. Dietary questionnaires were used to ensure that the dietary intervention did not result in differences in energy or nutrient intake. RESULTS The bacteriome community composition changed during the intervention with GFD: of abundant genera, a 3.3-fold decrease was noted for Bifidobacterium genus (adjusted p=1.4 × 10-4 in a DESeq2 model, p=0.026 in generalised estimating equations model), whereas a 2.4-fold increase was observed in Roseburia (adjusted p=0.02 in DESeq2 model, p=0.002 in generalised estimating equations model). The within-sample (alpha) diversity did not change, and there was no statistically significant clustering of GFD samples in the ordination graphs of beta diversity. Neither of the genera changes upon GFD intervention showed any association with the pace of beta cell loss (p>0.50), but of the remaining taxa, several genera of Bacteroidaceae family yielded suggestive signals. The faecal metabolome profile ordination correlated with that of bacteriomes but did not associate with GFD or categories of beta cell preservation. There was no indication of changes in gut permeability. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION The bacteriome reacted to GFD, but the changes were unrelated to the pace of beta cell capacity loss. The previously observed moderately protective effect of GFD is therefore mediated through other pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vit Neuman
- Department of Pediatrics, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czechia.
| | - Stepanka Pruhova
- Department of Pediatrics, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czechia
| | - Michal Kulich
- Department of Probability and Mathematical Statistics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Stanislava Kolouskova
- Department of Pediatrics, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czechia
| | - Jan Vosahlo
- Department of Pediatrics, 3rd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Kralovske Vinohrady University Hospital, Prague, Czechia
| | - Martina Romanova
- Department of Pediatrics, 3rd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Kralovske Vinohrady University Hospital, Prague, Czechia
| | - Lenka Petruzelkova
- Department of Pediatrics, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czechia
| | - Jaroslav Havlik
- Department of Food Science, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Anna Mascellani
- Department of Food Science, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Svatopluk Henke
- Department of Carbohydrates and Cereals, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Czechia
| | - Zdenek Sumnik
- Department of Pediatrics, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czechia
| | - Ondrej Cinek
- Department of Pediatrics, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czechia
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30
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Andrén Aronsson C, Agardh D. Intervention strategies in early childhood to prevent celiac disease-a mini-review. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1106564. [PMID: 36911718 PMCID: PMC9992640 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1106564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
A higher intake of gluten during childhood is associated with increased risk of celiac disease, and the incidence of celiac disease peaks shortly after the time point when associations with higher gluten intake during the second and third year of life occur. Additional environmental factors are most likely necessary for celiac disease to develop. It is hypothesized that gastrointestinal infections increase gut permeability and exposure to gluten. Alternatively, infections may lead to gut dysbiosis and chronic inflammation, with leakage of self-antigens that mimic gluten peptides that leads to an autoimmune-like response. Different gluten interventions to prevent celiac disease have been proposed. Early clinical studies suggested an optimal time point introducing gluten between 4 and 6 months of age while the infant is being breastfed. However, later clinical trials on reduced gluten intake given to infants have shown no protection from celiac disease if gluten introduction was delayed or if gluten was introduced in small amounts during the child's first year of life. Still, more randomized clinical trials (RCTs) are warranted to answer the question if a reduced amount of gluten, not only at the time of introduction during infancy but also in a longer time frame, will prevent children at genetic risk from having lifelong celiac disease. It needs to be clarified whether dietary interventions are effective strategies to be proposed as future prevention of celiac disease in the general population. The present mini-review provides an overview of ongoing or completed RCTs that have focused on interventions during early childhood with the aim of preventing celiac disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel Agardh
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
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31
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Boekhorst J, Venlet N, Procházková N, Hansen ML, Lieberoth CB, Bahl MI, Lauritzen L, Pedersen O, Licht TR, Kleerebezem M, Roager HM. Stool energy density is positively correlated to intestinal transit time and related to microbial enterotypes. MICROBIOME 2022; 10:223. [PMID: 36510309 PMCID: PMC9743556 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-022-01418-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been hypothesised that the gut microbiota causally affects obesity via its capacity to extract energy from the diet. Yet, evidence elucidating the role of particular human microbial community structures and determinants of microbiota-dependent energy harvest is lacking. RESULTS Here, we investigated whether energy extraction from the diet in 85 overweight adults, estimated by dry stool energy density, was associated with intestinal transit time and variations in microbial community diversity and overall structure stratified as enterotypes. We hypothesised that a slower intestinal transit would allow for more energy extraction. However, opposite of what we expected, the stool energy density was positively associated with intestinal transit time. Stratifications into enterotypes showed that individuals with a Bacteroides enterotype (B-type) had significantly lower stool energy density, shorter intestinal transit times, and lower alpha-diversity compared to individuals with a Ruminococcaceae enterotype (R-type). The Prevotella (P-type) individuals appeared in between the B- and R-type. The differences in stool energy density between enterotypes were not explained by differences in habitual diet, intake of dietary fibre or faecal bacterial cell counts. However, the R-type individuals showed higher urinary and faecal levels of microbial-derived proteolytic metabolites compared to the B-type, suggesting increased colonic proteolysis in the R-type individuals. This could imply a less effective colonic energy extraction in the R-type individuals compared to the B-type individuals. Notably, the R-type had significantly lower body weight compared to the B-type. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that gut microbial energy harvest is diversified among individuals by intestinal transit time and associated gut microbiome ecosystem variations. A better understanding of these associations could support the development of personalised nutrition and improved weight-loss strategies. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jos Boekhorst
- Host-Microbe Interactomics, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Naomi Venlet
- Host-Microbe Interactomics, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Nicola Procházková
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Mathias L. Hansen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Christian B. Lieberoth
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Martin I. Bahl
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Lotte Lauritzen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Oluf Pedersen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tine Rask Licht
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Michiel Kleerebezem
- Host-Microbe Interactomics, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Henrik M. Roager
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
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32
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Li C. Understanding interactions among diet, host and gut microbiota for personalized nutrition. Life Sci 2022; 312:121265. [PMID: 36473543 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.121265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Human responses to the same diets may vary to a large extent, depending on the complex diet-host-microbiota interactions. Recent scientific advance has indicated that this diet-host-microbiota interaction could be quantified to develop strategies for improving individual health (personalized nutrition). Compared to the host related factors (which are difficult to manipulate), the gut microbiome is more readily modulated by dietary exposures and has important roles in affecting human health via the synthesis of various bioactive compounds and participating in the digestion and absorption process of macro- and micronutrients. Therefore, gut microbiota alterations induced by diets could possibly be utilized to improve human health in a targeted manner. However, limitations in the processing and analysis of 'big-data' concerning human microbiome still restrict the translational capacity of diet-host-microbiota interactions into tools to improve personalized human health. In the current review, recent advances in terms of understanding the specific diet-host-microbiota interactions were summarized, aiming to help the development of strategies for personalized nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Li
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China.
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33
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Abdugheni R, Wang W, Wang Y, Du M, Liu F, Zhou N, Jiang C, Wang C, Wu L, Ma J, Liu C, Liu S. Metabolite profiling of human-originated Lachnospiraceae at the strain level. IMETA 2022; 1:e58. [PMID: 38867908 PMCID: PMC10989990 DOI: 10.1002/imt2.58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
The human gastrointestinal (GI) tract harbors diverse microbes, and the family Lachnospiraceae is one of the most abundant and widely occurring bacterial groups in the human GI tract. Beneficial and adverse effects of the Lachnospiraceae on host health were reported, but the diversities at species/strain levels as well as their metabolites of Lachnospiraceae have been, so far, not well documented. In the present study, we report on the collection of 77 human-originated Lachnospiraceae species (please refer hLchsp, https://hgmb.nmdc.cn/subject/lachnospiraceae) and the in vitro metabolite profiles of 110 Lachnospiraceae strains (https://hgmb.nmdc.cn/subject/lachnospiraceae/metabolites). The Lachnospiraceae strains in hLchsp produced 242 metabolites of 17 categories. The larger categories were alcohols (89), ketones (35), pyrazines (29), short (C2-C5), and long (C > 5) chain acids (31), phenols (14), aldehydes (14), and other 30 compounds. Among them, 22 metabolites were aromatic compounds. The well-known beneficial gut microbial metabolite, butyric acid, was generally produced by many Lachnospiraceae strains, and Agathobacter rectalis strain Lach-101 and Coprococcus comes strain NSJ-173 were the top 2 butyric acid producers, as 331.5 and 310.9 mg/L of butyric acids were produced in vitro, respectively. Further analysis of the publicly available cohort-based volatile-metabolomic data sets of human feces revealed that over 30% of the prevailing volatile metabolites were covered by Lachnospiraceae metabolites identified in this study. This study provides Lachnospiraceae strain resources together with their metabolic profiles for future studies on host-microbe interactions and developments of novel probiotics or biotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashidin Abdugheni
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Environmental Microbiology Research Center (EMRC)Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis EcologyXinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of SciencesUrumqiChina
| | - Wen‐Zhao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of MycologyInstitute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Yu‐Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Environmental Microbiology Research Center (EMRC)Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Meng‐Xuan Du
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial TechnologyShandong UniversityQingdaoChina
| | - Feng‐Lan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Environmental Microbiology Research Center (EMRC)Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- College of Life SciencesHebei UniversityBaodingChina
| | - Nan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Environmental Microbiology Research Center (EMRC)Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Cheng‐Ying Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Environmental Microbiology Research Center (EMRC)Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Chang‐Yu Wang
- Colleg of Life SciencesUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiChina
| | - Linhuan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Environmental Microbiology Research Center (EMRC)Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Juncai Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Environmental Microbiology Research Center (EMRC)Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Chang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial TechnologyShandong UniversityQingdaoChina
| | - Shuang‐Jiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Environmental Microbiology Research Center (EMRC)Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial TechnologyShandong UniversityQingdaoChina
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Wei S, Jespersen ML, Baunwall SMD, Myers PN, Smith EM, Dahlerup JF, Rasmussen S, Nielsen HB, Licht TR, Bahl MI, Hvas CL. Cross-generational bacterial strain transfer to an infant after fecal microbiota transplantation to a pregnant patient: a case report. MICROBIOME 2022; 10:193. [PMID: 36352460 PMCID: PMC9647999 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-022-01394-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) effectively prevents the recurrence of Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI). Long-term engraftment of donor-specific microbial consortia may occur in the recipient, but potential further transfer to other sites, including the vertical transmission of donor-specific strains to future generations, has not been investigated. Here, we report, for the first time, the cross-generational transmission of specific bacterial strains from an FMT donor to a pregnant patient with CDI and further to her child, born at term, 26 weeks after the FMT treatment. METHODS A pregnant woman (gestation week 12 + 5) with CDI was treated with FMT via colonoscopy. She gave vaginal birth at term to a healthy baby. Fecal samples were collected from the feces donor, the mother (before FMT, and 1, 8, 15, 22, 26, and 50 weeks after FMT), and the infant (meconium at birth and 3 and 6 months after birth). Fecal samples were profiled by deep metagenomic sequencing for strain-level analysis. The microbial transfer was monitored using single nucleotide variants in metagenomes and further compared to a collection of metagenomic samples from 651 healthy infants and 58 healthy adults. RESULTS The single FMT procedure led to an uneventful and sustained clinical resolution in the patient, who experienced no further CDI-related symptoms up to 50 weeks after treatment. The gut microbiota of the patient with CDI differed considerably from the healthy donor and was characterized as low in alpha diversity and enriched for several potential pathogens. The FMT successfully normalized the patient's gut microbiota, likely by donor microbiota transfer and engraftment. Importantly, our analysis revealed that some specific strains were transferred from the donor to the patient and then further to the infant, thus demonstrating cross-generational microbial transfer. CONCLUSIONS The evidence for cross-generational strain transfer following FMT provides novel insights into the dynamics and engraftment of bacterial strains from healthy donors. The data suggests FMT treatment of pregnant women as a potential strategy to introduce beneficial strains or even bacterial consortia to infants, i.e., neonatal seeding. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaodong Wei
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet 202, 2800, Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Marie Louise Jespersen
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet 202, 2800, Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
- Clinical-Microbiomics A/S, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Simon Mark Dahl Baunwall
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Emilie Milton Smith
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet 202, 2800, Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jens Frederik Dahlerup
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Simon Rasmussen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Tine Rask Licht
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet 202, 2800, Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Martin Iain Bahl
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet 202, 2800, Kgs Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Christian Lodberg Hvas
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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35
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Shah A, Kang S, Talley NJ, Do A, Walker MM, Shanahan ER, Koloski NA, Jones MP, Keely S, Morrison M, Holtmann GJ. The duodenal mucosa associated microbiome, visceral sensory function, immune activation and psychological comorbidities in functional gastrointestinal disorders with and without self-reported non-celiac wheat sensitivity. Gut Microbes 2022; 14:2132078. [PMID: 36303431 PMCID: PMC9621048 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2022.2132078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Frequently, patients with functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) report intolerance of wheat products. We compared gastrointestinal symptoms, sensory function, psychiatric comorbidities, gut-homing immune cells, and duodenal mucosa-associated microbiome (d-MAM) in FGID patients and controls with and without self-reported wheat sensitivity (SR-NCWS). We recruited 40 FGID patients and 20 controls referred by GPs for treatment. Gastrointestinal/extraintestinal symptoms, visceral sensory function, psychological comorbidities, and SR-NCWS were assessed in a standardized approach. Peripheral gut homing T-cells (CD4+α4+β7+CCR9+/CD8+α4+β7+CCR9+) were quantified, and the d-MAM was assessed by DNA sequencing for 46 subjects. Factors of bacterial genera were extracted utilizing factor analysis with varimax rotation and factors univariately associated with FGID or SR-NCWS included in a subsequent multivariate analysis of variance to identify statistically independent discriminators. Anxiety scores (p < .05) and increased symptom responses to a nutrient challenge (p < .05) were univariately associated with FGID. Gut homing T-cells were increased in FGID patients with SR-NCWS compared to other groups (p all <0.05). MANOVA revealed that anxiety (p = .03), visceral sensory function (p = 0.007), and a d-MAM factor comprise members of the Alloprevotella, Prevotella, Peptostreptococcus, Leptotrichia, and Veillonella lineages were significantly (p = .001) associated with FGID, while gut homing CD4+α4+ β7+CCR9+ T-cells were associated (p = .002) with SR-NCWS. Compared to controls, patients with and without SR-NCWS show that there are shifts in the amplicon sequence variants within specific bacterial genera between the FGID subgroups (particularly Prevotella and Streptococcus) as well as distinct bacterial taxa discriminatory for the two different FGID subtypes. Compared to controls, both FGID patients with and without SR-NCWS have an increased symptom response to a standardized nutrient challenge and increased anxiety scores. The FGID patients with SR-NCWS - as compared to FGID without SR-NCWS (and controls without SR-NCWS) - have increased gut homing T-cells. The d-MAM profiles suggest species and strain-based variations between the two FGID subtypes and in comparison to controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha Shah
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Australia,Translational Research Institute Queensland, Australia,Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Seungha Kang
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia,University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Woolloongabba, Australia
| | - Nicholas J Talley
- College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, and Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, Australia
| | - Anh Do
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Australia,Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Marjorie M Walker
- College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, and Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, Australia
| | - Erin R Shanahan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Australia,Translational Research Institute Queensland, Australia
| | - Natasha A Koloski
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Australia,Translational Research Institute Queensland, Australia,Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia,College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, and Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, Australia
| | - Michael P Jones
- College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, and Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, Australia
| | - Simon Keely
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, and Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, Australia
| | - Mark Morrison
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Australia,Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia,University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Woolloongabba, Australia,CONTACT Mark Morrison
| | - Gerald J Holtmann
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Australia,Translational Research Institute Queensland, Australia,Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia,Gerald J Holtmann Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology & University of Queensland 199 Ipswich Road, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
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Sarfraz MH, Shahid A, Asghar S, Aslam B, Ashfaq UA, Raza H, Prieto MA, Simal-Gandara J, Barba FJ, Rajoka MSR, Khurshid M, Nashwan AJ. Personalized nutrition, microbiota, and metabolism: A triad for eudaimonia. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:1038830. [PMID: 36330221 PMCID: PMC9623024 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.1038830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
During the previous few years, the relationship between the gut microbiota, metabolic disorders, and diet has come to light, especially due to the understanding of the mechanisms that particularly link the gut microbiota with obesity in animal models and clinical trials. Research has led to the understanding that the responses of individuals to dietary inputs vary remarkably therefore no single diet can be suggested to every individual. The variations are attributed to differences in the microbiome and host characteristics. In general, it is believed that the immanent nature of host-derived factors makes them difficult to modulate. However, diet can more easily shape the microbiome, potentially influencing human physiology through modulation of digestion, absorption, mucosal immune response, and the availability of bioactive compounds. Thus, diet could be useful to influence the physiology of the host, as well as to ameliorate various disorders. In the present study, we have described recent developments in understanding the disparities of gut microbiota populations between individuals and the primary role of diet-microbiota interactions in modulating human physiology. A deeper understanding of these relationships can be useful for proposing personalized nutrition strategies and nutrition-based therapeutic interventions to improve human health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aqsa Shahid
- Department of Microbiology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
- Faculty of Rehabilitation and Allied Health Sciences, Riphah International University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Samra Asghar
- Faculty of Rehabilitation and Allied Health Sciences, Riphah International University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Bilal Aslam
- Department of Microbiology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Usman Ali Ashfaq
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Hammad Raza
- Department of Biochemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Miguel A. Prieto
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo, Ourense, Spain
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Bragança, Portugal
| | - Jesus Simal-Gandara
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo, Ourense, Spain
| | - Francisco J. Barba
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo, Ourense, Spain
- Nutrition and Food Science Area, Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Food Science, Toxicology and Forensic Medicine Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitat de València, Burjassot, València, Spain
| | - Muhammad Shahid Riaz Rajoka
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo, Ourense, Spain
- Food and Feed Immunology Group, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Mohsin Khurshid
- Department of Microbiology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
- *Correspondence: Mohsin Khurshid, ; Abdulqadir J. Nashwan,
| | - Abdulqadir J. Nashwan
- Nursing Department, Hazm Mebaireek General Hospital (HMGH), Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC), Doha, Qatar
- *Correspondence: Mohsin Khurshid, ; Abdulqadir J. Nashwan,
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Dietary Efficacy Evaluation by Applying a Prediction Model Using Clinical Fecal Microbiome Data of Colorectal Disease to a Controlled Animal Model from an Obesity Perspective. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10091833. [PMID: 36144434 PMCID: PMC9505706 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10091833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity associated with a Western diet such as a high-fat diet (HFD) is a known risk factor for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and colorectal cancer (CRC). In this study, we aimed to develop fecal microbiome data-based deep learning algorithms for the risk assessment of colorectal diseases. The effects of a HFD and a candidate food (Nypa fruticans, NF) on IBD and CRC risk reduction were also evaluated. Fecal microbiome data were obtained from 109 IBD patients, 111 CRC patients, and 395 healthy control (HC) subjects by 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing. IBD and CRC risk assessment prediction models were then constructed by deep learning algorithms. Dietary effects were evaluated based on fecal microbiome data from rats fed on a regular chow diet (RCD), HFD, and HFD plus ethanol extracts or water extracts of NF. There were significant differences in taxa when IBD and CRC were compared with HC. The diagnostic performance (area under curve, AUC) of the deep learning algorithm was 0.84 for IBD and 0.80 for CRC prediction. Based on the rat fecal microbiome data, IBD and CRC risks were increased in HFD-fed rats versus RCD-fed rats. Interestingly, in the HFD-induced obesity model, the IBD and CRC risk scores were significantly lowered by the administration of ethanol extracts of NF, but not by the administration of water extracts of NF. In conclusion, changes in the fecal microbiome of obesity by Western diet could be important risk factors for the development of IBD and CRC. The risk prediction model developed in this study could be used to evaluate dietary efficacy.
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Kaur S, Kumar K, Singh L, Sharanagat VS, Nema PK, Mishra V, Bhushan B. Gluten-free grains: Importance, processing and its effect on quality of gluten-free products. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:1988-2015. [PMID: 36094456 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2119933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Gluten-enteropathy affects a significant number of people, making gluten a major concern in the food industry. With medical advancements, the diagnosis of allergies is becoming easier, and people who are allergic to gluten are recommended a complete gluten-free diet. Since wheat provides a major part of the energy and nutrition in the diet, its elimination affects nutrition intake of allergic population. Food scientists are working to formulate products using protein-rich gluten-free grains with quality attributes at par with gluten-containing products. Focused research has been done to provide nutrition and a variety of food to people suffering from gluten-related disorders. Efforts are being made to remove the gluten from the wheat and other gluten-containing grains, while applying different processing/treatments to enhance the properties of gluten-free grains. Hence, the present review summarizes the importance, processing, and products of different gluten-free grains. It also highlights the digestibility of gluten-free grains with clinical trials and gluten elimination strategies for gluten-containing grains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samandeep Kaur
- Department of Food Engineering, National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management (NIFTEM), Sonepat, Haryana, India
| | - Kshitiz Kumar
- Department of Food Processing Technology, A. D. Patel Institute of Technology, Anand, Gujarat, India
| | - Lochan Singh
- Contract Research Organization, NIFTEM, Sonepat, Haryana, India
| | - Vijay Singh Sharanagat
- Department of Food Engineering, National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management (NIFTEM), Sonepat, Haryana, India
| | - Prabhat K Nema
- Department of Food Engineering, National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management (NIFTEM), Sonepat, Haryana, India
| | - Vijendra Mishra
- Department of Basics and Applied Sciences, National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management (NIFTEM), Sonepat, Haryana, India
| | - Bharat Bhushan
- Department of Basics and Applied Sciences, National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management (NIFTEM), Sonepat, Haryana, India
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Ji S, You Y, Peng B, Zhong T, Kuang Y, Li S, Du L, Chen L, Sun X, Dai J, Huang S, Wu Y, Liu Y. Multi-omics analysis reveals the metabolic regulators of duodenal low-grade inflammation in a functional dyspepsia model. Front Immunol 2022; 13:944591. [PMID: 36091013 PMCID: PMC9453867 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.944591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Several gastrointestinal phenotypes and impairment of duodenal mucosal barrier have been reported in clinical studies in patients with functional dyspepsia (FD). Due to the preferential colonization of the mucosa, intestinal microbes and their metabolites are commonly involved in host metabolism and immune responses. However, there are no studies on the intertwined correlation among multi-level data. For more comprehensive illustrating, a multi-omics analysis focusing on the duodenum was performed in the FD rat model. We found that differential microbiomes in the duodenum were significantly correlated with the biosynthesis of lipopolysaccharide and peptidoglycan. The innate immune response-related genes, which were upregulated in the duodenum, were associated with the TLR2/TLR4-NFκB signaling pathway. More importantly, arachidonyl ethanolamide (anandamide, AEA) and endocannabinoid analogues showed linear relationships with the FD phenotypes. Taken together, multi-level data from microbiome, transcriptome and metabolome reveal that AEA may regulate duodenal low-grade inflammation in FD. These results suggest an important cue of gut microbiome–endocannabinoid system axis in the pathogenesis of FD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Ji
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanting You
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Baizhao Peng
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tianyu Zhong
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuxiang Kuang
- The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shasha Li
- The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lijing Du
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liqian Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaomin Sun
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaojiao Dai
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Suiping Huang
- The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yanyan Liu, ; Yuyao Wu, ; Suiping Huang,
| | - Yuyao Wu
- Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yanyan Liu, ; Yuyao Wu, ; Suiping Huang,
| | - Yanyan Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yanyan Liu, ; Yuyao Wu, ; Suiping Huang,
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Lee JE, Kim KS, Koh H, Lee DW, Kang NJ. Diet-Induced Host-Microbe Interactions: Personalized Diet Strategies for Improving Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Curr Dev Nutr 2022; 6:nzac110. [PMID: 36060223 PMCID: PMC9429970 DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzac110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an idiopathic inflammatory disease. Environmental sanitization, modern lifestyles, advanced medicines, ethnic origins, host genetics and immune systems, mucosal barrier function, and the gut microbiota have been delineated to explain how they cause mucosal inflammation. However, the pathogenesis of IBD and its therapeutic targets remain elusive. Recent studies have highlighted the importance of the human gut microbiota in health and disease, suggesting that the pathogenesis of IBD is highly associated with imbalances of the gut microbiota or alterations of epithelial barrier function in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Moreover, diet-induced alterations of the gut microbiota in the GI tract modulate immune responses and perturb metabolic homeostasis. This review summarizes recent findings on IBD and its association with diet-induced changes in the gut microbiota; furthermore, it discusses how diets can modulate host gut microbes and immune systems, potentiating the impact of personalized diets on therapeutic targets for IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Eun Lee
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyoung Su Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hong Koh
- Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dong-Woo Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Nam Joo Kang
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
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Marín-Sanz M, Sánchez-León S, León E, Barro F. Comparative characterization of the gluten and fructan contents of breads from industrial and artisan bakeries: a study of food products in the Spanish market. Food Nutr Res 2022; 66:8472. [PMID: 35757438 PMCID: PMC9199834 DOI: 10.29219/fnr.v66.8472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The consumption of wheat/gluten is associated with adverse reactions for human health. Gluten and fructans are identified as the major compounds triggering and worsening adverse reactions to wheat, which are increasing, and as a consequence, avoidance of gluten/wheat is the common strategy of many individuals of the western population. Although bread is a product of daily consumption, there is a lack of information on the gluten and fructan contents and the influence of artisanal or industrial processes. Objective The aim of this study is to carry out a comparative characterization between artisan bakeries and hypermarkets in Spain for gluten and fructan contents in daily sold breads. Design A total of 48 types of bread highly consumed in Spain sold in artisan bakeries (long fermentation) and hypermarkets (short fermentations) were selected for comparing the gluten and fructan contents. Methods such as reverse phase-high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC), R5 monoclonal antibody (moAb), and fructans protocols were used for the quantification of these compounds. Results Great variation for the content of gluten and fructans has been found between all bread categories. Although breads produced using long fermentation (artisan bakeries) contain significantly lower gluten, they have higher fructans than those using short fermentations (hypermarkets). Durum wheat breads had the lowest content of gluten. Moreover, spelt breads from artisan bakeries had the lowest content of fructans but not those from hypermarkets. Discussion In this study, we report the comparative characterizarion of the breads of the Spanish market. These food products presented variation in the amount of gluten and fructans, ligated in most of the cases to the nature of the providers: artisan bakeries against hypermarkets. Depending on the type of bread, the differences for the daily consumption of gluten and fructan can be 4.5 and 20 times, respectively. Conclusions We found strong differences for gluten and fructan contents among breads. These information may contribute to designing strategies to improve the management of gluten and fructans in bread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Marín-Sanz
- Department of Plant Breeding, Institute of Sustainable Agriculture (IAS), Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), Córdoba, Spain
| | - Susana Sánchez-León
- Department of Plant Breeding, Institute of Sustainable Agriculture (IAS), Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), Córdoba, Spain
| | | | - Francisco Barro
- Department of Plant Breeding, Institute of Sustainable Agriculture (IAS), Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), Córdoba, Spain
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Merra G, Capacci A, De Lorenzo A, Di Renzo L, Gualtieri P, Frank G, Marchetti M. Does our microbiota eat with or without gluten? EXPLORATION OF MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.37349/emed.2022.00091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Merra
- 1Section of Clinical Nutrition and Nutrigenomics, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Annunziata Capacci
- 2Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Agostino Gemelli General Hospital Foundation-IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonino De Lorenzo
- 1Section of Clinical Nutrition and Nutrigenomics, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Di Renzo
- 1Section of Clinical Nutrition and Nutrigenomics, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Gualtieri
- 1Section of Clinical Nutrition and Nutrigenomics, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Frank
- 3School of Specialisation in Food Science, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Marchetti
- 1Section of Clinical Nutrition and Nutrigenomics, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
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43
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Gluten Induces Subtle Histological Changes in Duodenal Mucosa of Patients with Non-Coeliac Gluten Sensitivity: A Multicentre Study. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14122487. [PMID: 35745217 PMCID: PMC9230100 DOI: 10.3390/nu14122487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Histological changes induced by gluten in the duodenal mucosa of patients with non-coeliac gluten sensitivity (NCGS) are poorly defined. Objectives: To evaluate the structural and inflammatory features of NCGS compared to controls and coeliac disease (CeD) with milder enteropathy (Marsh I-II). Methods: Well-oriented biopsies of 262 control cases with normal gastroscopy and histologic findings, 261 CeD, and 175 NCGS biopsies from 9 contributing countries were examined. Villus height (VH, in μm), crypt depth (CrD, in μm), villus-to-crypt ratios (VCR), IELs (intraepithelial lymphocytes/100 enterocytes), and other relevant histological, serologic, and demographic parameters were quantified. Results: The median VH in NCGS was significantly shorter (600, IQR: 400−705) than controls (900, IQR: 667−1112) (p < 0.001). NCGS patients with Marsh I-II had similar VH and VCR to CeD [465 µm (IQR: 390−620) vs. 427 µm (IQR: 348−569, p = 0·176)]. The VCR in NCGS with Marsh 0 was lower than controls (p < 0.001). The median IEL in NCGS with Marsh 0 was higher than controls (23.0 vs. 13.7, p < 0.001). To distinguish Marsh 0 NCGS from controls, an IEL cut-off of 14 showed 79% sensitivity and 55% specificity. IEL densities in Marsh I-II NCGS and CeD groups were similar. Conclusion: NCGS duodenal mucosa exhibits distinctive changes consistent with an intestinal response to luminal antigens, even at the Marsh 0 stage of villus architecture.
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Palmieri O, Castellana S, Bevilacqua A, Latiano A, Latiano T, Panza A, Fontana R, Ippolito AM, Biscaglia G, Gentile A, Gioffreda D, Decina I, Tricarico M, Sinigaglia M, Corbo MR, Mazza T, Perri F, Lamacchia C. Adherence to Gluten-Free Diet Restores Alpha Diversity in Celiac People but the Microbiome Composition Is Different to Healthy People. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14122452. [PMID: 35745182 PMCID: PMC9228530 DOI: 10.3390/nu14122452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune disease with the destruction of small intestinal villi, which occurs in genetically predisposed individuals. At the present moment, a gluten-free diet (GFD) is the only way to restore the functionality of gut mucosa. However, there is an open debate on the effects of long-term supplementation through a GFD, because some authors report an unbalance in microbial taxa composition. Methods: For microbiome analysis, fecal specimens were collected from 46 CD individuals in GFD for at least 2 years and 30 specimens from the healthy controls (HC). Data were analyzed using an ensemble of software packages: QIIME2, Coda-lasso, Clr-lasso, Selbal, PICRUSt2, ALDEx2, dissimilarity-overlap analysis, and dysbiosis detection tests. Results: The adherence to GFD restored the alpha biodiversity of the gut microbiota in celiac people but microbial composition at beta diversity resulted as different to HC. The microbial composition of the CD subjects was decreased in a number of taxa, namely Bifidobacterium longum and several belonging to Lachnospiraceae family, whereas Bacteroides genus was found to be more abundant. Predicted metabolic pathways among the CD bacterial communities revealed an important role in tetrapyrrole biosynthesis. Conclusions: CD patients in GFD had a non-dysbiotic microbial composition for the crude alpha diversity metrics. We found significant differences in beta diversity, in certain taxon, and pathways between subjects with inactive CD in GFD and controls. Collectively, our data may suggest the development of new GFD products by modulating the gut microbiota through diet, supplements of vitamins, and the addition of specific prebiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orazio Palmieri
- Division of Gastroenterology, Fondazione IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza”, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy; (A.L.); (T.L.); (A.P.); (R.F.); (A.M.I.); (G.B.); (A.G.); (D.G.); (F.P.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Stefano Castellana
- Bioinformatics Unit, Fondazione IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza”, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy; (S.C.); (T.M.)
| | - Antonio Bevilacqua
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Natural Resources and Engineering (DAFNE), University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (A.B.); (M.S.); (M.R.C.); (C.L.)
| | - Anna Latiano
- Division of Gastroenterology, Fondazione IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza”, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy; (A.L.); (T.L.); (A.P.); (R.F.); (A.M.I.); (G.B.); (A.G.); (D.G.); (F.P.)
| | - Tiziana Latiano
- Division of Gastroenterology, Fondazione IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza”, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy; (A.L.); (T.L.); (A.P.); (R.F.); (A.M.I.); (G.B.); (A.G.); (D.G.); (F.P.)
| | - Anna Panza
- Division of Gastroenterology, Fondazione IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza”, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy; (A.L.); (T.L.); (A.P.); (R.F.); (A.M.I.); (G.B.); (A.G.); (D.G.); (F.P.)
| | - Rosanna Fontana
- Division of Gastroenterology, Fondazione IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza”, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy; (A.L.); (T.L.); (A.P.); (R.F.); (A.M.I.); (G.B.); (A.G.); (D.G.); (F.P.)
| | - Antonio Massimo Ippolito
- Division of Gastroenterology, Fondazione IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza”, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy; (A.L.); (T.L.); (A.P.); (R.F.); (A.M.I.); (G.B.); (A.G.); (D.G.); (F.P.)
| | - Giuseppe Biscaglia
- Division of Gastroenterology, Fondazione IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza”, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy; (A.L.); (T.L.); (A.P.); (R.F.); (A.M.I.); (G.B.); (A.G.); (D.G.); (F.P.)
| | - Annamaria Gentile
- Division of Gastroenterology, Fondazione IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza”, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy; (A.L.); (T.L.); (A.P.); (R.F.); (A.M.I.); (G.B.); (A.G.); (D.G.); (F.P.)
| | - Domenica Gioffreda
- Division of Gastroenterology, Fondazione IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza”, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy; (A.L.); (T.L.); (A.P.); (R.F.); (A.M.I.); (G.B.); (A.G.); (D.G.); (F.P.)
| | - Ivana Decina
- New Gluten World s.r.l., 71121 Foggia, Italy; (I.D.); (M.T.)
| | | | - Milena Sinigaglia
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Natural Resources and Engineering (DAFNE), University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (A.B.); (M.S.); (M.R.C.); (C.L.)
| | - Maria Rosaria Corbo
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Natural Resources and Engineering (DAFNE), University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (A.B.); (M.S.); (M.R.C.); (C.L.)
| | - Tommaso Mazza
- Bioinformatics Unit, Fondazione IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza”, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy; (S.C.); (T.M.)
| | - Francesco Perri
- Division of Gastroenterology, Fondazione IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza”, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy; (A.L.); (T.L.); (A.P.); (R.F.); (A.M.I.); (G.B.); (A.G.); (D.G.); (F.P.)
| | - Carmela Lamacchia
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Natural Resources and Engineering (DAFNE), University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (A.B.); (M.S.); (M.R.C.); (C.L.)
- New Gluten World s.r.l., 71121 Foggia, Italy; (I.D.); (M.T.)
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Evidence-Based and Emerging Diet Recommendations for Small Bowel Disorders. Am J Gastroenterol 2022; 117:958-964. [PMID: 35404303 PMCID: PMC9169759 DOI: 10.14309/ajg.0000000000001764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Diet plays a key role in the manifestation and severity of gastrointestinal symptoms, with increasing research interest on the role of diet in small bowel disorders. There are predominantly 3 small bowel conditions that have potential dietary interventions. Self-reported nonceliac gluten/wheat sensitivity is prevalent. Although gluten is believed to be a potential trigger for symptoms, other components of wheat may also be triggers, including fructans, alpha-amylase trypsin inhibitors, and wheat germ agglutinins. The diagnosis can be challenging, given the lack of validated biomarkers. A gluten-free diet that excludes the abovementioned triggers is the cornerstone of treatment; however, unlike celiac disease, there is uncertainty about the level of adherence or whether the gluten-free diet is a lifelong intervention. Several primary gastrointestinal disorders are associated with an increase in inflammatory cells including eosinophils. Diet seems to be an important driver of disease pathogenesis in eosinophilic gastroenteritis, with elimination and elemental diets showing promise in management, with further robust trials required. Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth is an example of microbial dysbiosis, with renewed interest in diet being postulated to cause an adaptive change of the microbes colonizing the small intestine. However, the diagnosis of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth is limited by a lack of sensitive and specific tests, with significant knowledge gaps in relation to therapeutic measures to manage and cure small intestinal bacterial overgrowth. Currently, antimicrobials are the established management option. There have been significant clinical advances in dietary interventions related to the small bowel, but this area is currently a novel and advancing field for both patients and clinicians.
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Haro C, Guzmán-López MH, Marín-Sanz M, Sánchez-León S, Vaquero L, Pastor J, Comino I, Sousa C, Vivas S, Landa BB, Barro F. Consumption of Tritordeum Bread Reduces Immunogenic Gluten Intake without Altering the Gut Microbiota. Foods 2022; 11:foods11101439. [PMID: 35627010 PMCID: PMC9142130 DOI: 10.3390/foods11101439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Gluten proteins are responsible for the wheat breadmaking quality. However, gluten is also related to human pathologies for which the only treatment is a gluten-free diet (GFD). GFD has gained popularity among individuals who want to reduce their gluten intake. Tritordeum is a cereal species that originated after crossing durum wheat with wild barley and differs from bread wheat in its gluten composition. In this work, we have characterized the immunogenic epitopes of tritordeum bread and results from a four-phase study with healthy adults for preferences of bread and alterations in the gut microbiota after consuming wheat bread, gluten-free bread, and tritordeum bread are reported. Tritordeum presented fewer peptides related to gluten proteins, CD-epitopes, and IgE binding sites than bread wheat. Participants rated tritordeum bread higher than gluten-free bread. Gut microbiota analysis revealed that the adherence to a strict GFD involves some minor changes, especially altering the species producing short-chain fatty acids. However, the short-term consumption of tritordeum bread does not induce significant changes in the diversity or community composition of the intestinal microbiota in healthy individuals. Therefore, tritordeum bread could be an alternative for healthy individuals without wheat-related pathologies who want to reduce their gluten consumption without harming their gut health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Haro
- Department of Crop Protection, Institute for Sustainable Agriculture—Spanish National Research Council (IAS—CSIC), 14004 Córdoba, Spain; (C.H.); (B.B.L.)
| | - María H. Guzmán-López
- Department of Plant Breeding, Institute for Sustainable Agriculture—Spanish National Research Council (IAS—CSIC), 14004 Córdoba, Spain; (M.M.-S.); (S.S.-L.)
- Correspondence: (M.H.G.-L.); (F.B.)
| | - Miriam Marín-Sanz
- Department of Plant Breeding, Institute for Sustainable Agriculture—Spanish National Research Council (IAS—CSIC), 14004 Córdoba, Spain; (M.M.-S.); (S.S.-L.)
| | - Susana Sánchez-León
- Department of Plant Breeding, Institute for Sustainable Agriculture—Spanish National Research Council (IAS—CSIC), 14004 Córdoba, Spain; (M.M.-S.); (S.S.-L.)
| | - Luis Vaquero
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital of León, Biomedicine Institute, University of León, 24071 León, Spain; (L.V.); (S.V.)
| | - Jorge Pastor
- Novapan, S.L., C/Chopo, 68-70, 50171 La Puebla de Alfinden, Spain;
| | - Isabel Comino
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Pharmacy Faculty, University of Seville, 41004 Seville, Spain; (I.C.); (C.S.)
| | - Carolina Sousa
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Pharmacy Faculty, University of Seville, 41004 Seville, Spain; (I.C.); (C.S.)
| | - Santiago Vivas
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital of León, Biomedicine Institute, University of León, 24071 León, Spain; (L.V.); (S.V.)
| | - Blanca B. Landa
- Department of Crop Protection, Institute for Sustainable Agriculture—Spanish National Research Council (IAS—CSIC), 14004 Córdoba, Spain; (C.H.); (B.B.L.)
| | - Francisco Barro
- Department of Plant Breeding, Institute for Sustainable Agriculture—Spanish National Research Council (IAS—CSIC), 14004 Córdoba, Spain; (M.M.-S.); (S.S.-L.)
- Correspondence: (M.H.G.-L.); (F.B.)
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Crawley C, Savino N, Halby C, Sander SD, Andersen AN, Arumugam M, Murray J, Christensen R, Husby S. The effect of gluten in adolescents and young adults with gastrointestinal symptoms: a blinded randomised cross-over trial. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2022; 55:1116-1127. [PMID: 35352373 PMCID: PMC9313792 DOI: 10.1111/apt.16914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The popularity of the gluten-free diet and sales of gluten-free products have increased immensely. AIMS To investigate whether gluten induces gastrointestinal symptoms, measured by self-reported questionnaires, as well as mental health symptoms in adolescents from a population-based cohort. METHODS The eligible participants (n = 273) were recruited from a population-based cohort of 1266 adolescents and had at least four different gastrointestinal symptoms. Phase one (n = 54) was a run-in phase where the participants lived gluten-free for 2 weeks. If they improved they continued to phase 2 (n = 33), a blinded randomised cross-over trial. Participants were blindly randomised either to start with 7 days of gluten, eating two granola bars containing 10 g of gluten or to 7 days on placebo, eating two granola bars without gluten, followed by the reverse and separated by a 7-day washout period. The effects of the intervention on gastrointestinal symptoms and mental health symptoms were assessed. RESULTS In total, 54/273 participants entered the run-in phase and 35 were eligible for randomization. A total of 33 were randomised and 32 completed the trial. The median age was 20.3 (IQR 19.2-20.9) and 32/33 participants were females. Compared with a placebo, gluten did not induce gastrointestinal symptoms. The difference in the average VAS was -0.01 (95% confidence interval -2.07 to 2.05). Nor did we find a difference in the outcomes measuring mental health. CONCLUSION Compared with placebo, adding gluten to the diet did not induce gastrointestinal symptoms or worsened mental health in adolescents recruited from a population-based cohort. The trial registration number is NCT04639921.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caecilie Crawley
- Hans Christian Andersen Children’s HospitalOdense University HospitalOdenseDenmark,Department of Clinical ResearchUniversity of Southern DenmarkOdenseDenmark
| | - Nadia Savino
- Hans Christian Andersen Children’s HospitalOdense University HospitalOdenseDenmark,Department of Clinical ResearchUniversity of Southern DenmarkOdenseDenmark
| | - Cecilie Halby
- Hans Christian Andersen Children’s HospitalOdense University HospitalOdenseDenmark,Department of Clinical ResearchUniversity of Southern DenmarkOdenseDenmark
| | | | | | - Manimozhiyan Arumugam
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark,Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyOdense University HospitalOdenseDenmark
| | - Joseph Murray
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal MedicineMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
| | - Robin Christensen
- Section for Biostatistics and Evidence‐Based Research, the Parker InstituteBispebjerg and Frederiksberg HospitalCopenhagenDenmark,Research Unit of Rheumatology, Department of Clinical ResearchUniversity of Southern Denmark, Odense University HospitalOdenseDenmark
| | - Steffen Husby
- Hans Christian Andersen Children’s HospitalOdense University HospitalOdenseDenmark,Department of Clinical ResearchUniversity of Southern DenmarkOdenseDenmark
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Ghaffari P, Shoaie S, Nielsen LK. Irritable bowel syndrome and microbiome; Switching from conventional diagnosis and therapies to personalized interventions. J Transl Med 2022; 20:173. [PMID: 35410233 PMCID: PMC9004034 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03365-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractThe human microbiome has been linked to several diseases. Gastrointestinal diseases are still one of the most prominent area of study in host-microbiome interactions however the underlying microbial mechanisms in these disorders are not fully established. Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) remains as one of the prominent disorders with significant changes in the gut microbiome composition and without definitive treatment. IBS has a severe impact on socio-economic and patient’s lifestyle. The association studies between the IBS and microbiome have shed a light on relevance of microbial composition, and hence microbiome-based trials were designed. However, there are no clear evidence of potential treatment for IBS. This review summarizes the epidemiology and socioeconomic impact of IBS and then focus on microbiome observational and clinical trials. At the end, we propose a new perspective on using data-driven approach and applying computational modelling and machine learning to design microbiome-aware personalized treatment for IBS.
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Martinez-Martinez MU, Vázquez-Maldonado D, Ratering S, Godínez-Hernández C, Ortiz-Basurto RI, Soria-Guerra RE, Schneider B, Juárez-Flores BI, Portales-Pérez DP, Schnell S, Martinez-Gutierrez F. Fructans from Agave enhance probiotic yoghurt by modulating gut microbiota on children with overweight or obesity. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2021.101516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Todberg T, Egeberg A, Zachariae C, Sørensen N, Pedersen O, Skov L. Patients with psoriasis have a dysbiotic taxonomic and functional gut microbiota. Br J Dermatol 2022; 187:89-98. [PMID: 35289939 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.21245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accumulating evidence supports the findings of an altered gut microbiota in patients with autoimmune disease, however existing literature on the role of the gut microbiota in patients with psoriasis have demonstrated conflicting results and have mainly been based on 16s rRNA gene sequencing analysis OBJECTIVES: To examine whether the gut microbiota of patients with psoriasis was altered in composition and functional potentials compared with healthy controls and as a second approach compared with healthy cohabitant partners; further, to investigate relationships to disease severity and seasonal impact on the gut microbiota. METHODS In a case-control study, 126 faecal samples were collected from a sample of 53 systemically untreated patients with plaque psoriasis; 52 age, sex, and BMI matched healthy controls; and 21 cohabitant partners. A subpopulation of 18 patients with psoriasis and 19 healthy controls continued in a longitudinal study, where 4-6 faecal samples were collected over 9-12 months. The gut microbiota was characterized using shotgun metagenomic sequencing analysis. RESULTS A significantly lower richness (p=0.007) and difference in community composition (p=0.01) of metagenomic species (MGS) was seen in patients with psoriasis compared with healthy controls, and patients with psoriasis had a lower microbial diversity than their partners (p=0.04). Additionally, the functional richness was decreased in patients with psoriasis compared with healthy controls (p=0.01) and partners (p=0.05). Increased disease severity was correlated with alterations in taxonomy and function, with a slight tendency towards a lower richness of MGS, albeit not significant (p=0.08). The seasonal analysis showed no shifts in community composition in healthy controls or in patients with psoriasis. CONCLUSIONS The findings of a different gut microbiota in composition and functional potentials between patients with psoriasis and healthy controls support a linkage between the gut microbiota and psoriasis. These findings need to be validated in larger studies and a potential causal relation between the gut microbiota and psoriasis still needs to be shown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Todberg
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, DK 2900, Hellerup, Denmark.,Copenhagen Research Group for Inflammatory Skin (CORGIS), Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Alexander Egeberg
- Department of Dermatology, Bispebjerg Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Claus Zachariae
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, DK 2900, Hellerup, Denmark.,Copenhagen Research Group for Inflammatory Skin (CORGIS), Hellerup, Denmark
| | | | - Oluf Pedersen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lone Skov
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, DK 2900, Hellerup, Denmark.,Copenhagen Research Group for Inflammatory Skin (CORGIS), Hellerup, Denmark
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