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Liu Y, Liu S, Xu L, Ma M, Zhang X, Chen X, Wei F, Song B, Cheng T, Yuan J, Shen B. Atomic Imaging of Multi-Dimensional Ruddlesden-Popper Interfaces in Lead-Halide Perovskites. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2400013. [PMID: 38433394 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202400013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Ruddlesden-Popper (RP) interface with defined stacking structure will fundamentally influence the optoelectronic performances of lead-halide perovskite (LHP) materials and devices. However, it remains challenging to observe the atomic local structures in LHPs, especially for multi-dimensional RP interface hidden inside the nanocrystal. In this work, the advantages of two imaging modes in scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM), including high-angle annular dark field (HAADF) and integrated differential phase contrast (iDPC) STEM, are successfully combined to study the bulk and local structures of inorganic and organic/inorganic hybrid LHP nanocrystals. Then, the multi-dimensional RP interfaces in these LHPs are atomically resolved with clear gap and blurred transition region, respectively. In particular, the complex interface by the RP stacking in 3D directions can be analyzed in 2D projected image. Finally, the phase transition, ion missing, and electronic structures related to this interface are investigated. These results provide real-space evidence for observing and analyzing atomic multi-dimensional RP interfaces, which may help to better understand the structure-property relation of LHPs, especially their complex local structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusheng Liu
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Suya Liu
- Shanghai Nanoport, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Building A, No.2537, Jinke Road. Pudong District, Shanghai, China
| | - Liang Xu
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Mengmeng Ma
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Xuliang Zhang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Xiao Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Fei Wei
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Bin Song
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Tao Cheng
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Jianyu Yuan
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Boyuan Shen
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
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2
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Kopteva NE, Yakovlev DR, Yalcin E, Akimov IA, Nestoklon MO, Glazov MM, Kotur M, Kudlacik D, Zhukov EA, Kirstein E, Hordiichuk O, Dirin DN, Kovalenko MV, Bayer M. Highly-Polarized Emission Provided by Giant Optical Orientation of Exciton Spins in Lead Halide Perovskite Crystals. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2403691. [PMID: 38884160 PMCID: PMC11336922 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202403691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Quantum technologic and spintronic applications require reliable material platforms that enable significant and long-living spin polarization of excitations, the ability to manipulate it optically in external fields, and the possibility to implement quantum correlations between spins, i.e., entanglement. Here it is demonstrated that these conditions are met in bulk crystals of lead halide perovskites. A giant optical orientation of 85% of excitons, approaching the ultimate limit of unity, in FA0.9Cs0.1PbI2.8Br0.2 crystals is reported. The exciton spin orientation is maintained during the exciton lifetime of 55 ps resulting in high circular polarization of the exciton emission. The optical orientation is robust to detuning of the excitation energy up to 0.3 eV above the exciton resonance and remains larger than 20% up to detunings of 0.9 eV. It evidences pure chiral selection rules and suppressed spin relaxation of electrons and holes, even with large kinetic energies. The exciton and electron-hole recombinations are distinguished by means of the spin dynamics detected via coherent spin quantum beats in magnetic field. Further, electron-hole spin correlations are demonstrated through linear polarization beats after circularly polarized excitation. These findings are supported by atomistic calculations. All-in-all, the results establish lead halide perovskite semiconductors as suitable platform for quantum technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dmitri R. Yakovlev
- Experimentelle Physik 2Technische Universität Dortmund44227DortmundGermany
| | - Eyüp Yalcin
- Experimentelle Physik 2Technische Universität Dortmund44227DortmundGermany
| | - Ilya A. Akimov
- Experimentelle Physik 2Technische Universität Dortmund44227DortmundGermany
| | | | - Mikhail M. Glazov
- Ioffe InstituteRussian Academy of SciencesSt. Petersburg194021Russia
| | - Mladen Kotur
- Experimentelle Physik 2Technische Universität Dortmund44227DortmundGermany
| | - Dennis Kudlacik
- Experimentelle Physik 2Technische Universität Dortmund44227DortmundGermany
| | - Evgeny A. Zhukov
- Experimentelle Physik 2Technische Universität Dortmund44227DortmundGermany
| | - Erik Kirstein
- Experimentelle Physik 2Technische Universität Dortmund44227DortmundGermany
| | - Oleh Hordiichuk
- Laboratory of Inorganic ChemistryDepartment of Chemistry and Applied BiosciencesETH ZürichZürichCH‐8093Switzerland
- Laboratory for Thin Films and PhotovoltaicsEmpa‐Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and TechnologyDübendorfCH‐8600Switzerland
| | - Dmitry N. Dirin
- Laboratory of Inorganic ChemistryDepartment of Chemistry and Applied BiosciencesETH ZürichZürichCH‐8093Switzerland
- Laboratory for Thin Films and PhotovoltaicsEmpa‐Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and TechnologyDübendorfCH‐8600Switzerland
| | - Maksym V. Kovalenko
- Laboratory of Inorganic ChemistryDepartment of Chemistry and Applied BiosciencesETH ZürichZürichCH‐8093Switzerland
- Laboratory for Thin Films and PhotovoltaicsEmpa‐Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and TechnologyDübendorfCH‐8600Switzerland
| | - Manfred Bayer
- Experimentelle Physik 2Technische Universität Dortmund44227DortmundGermany
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Yao J, Wang Z, Huang Y, Xue J, Zhang D, Chen J, Chen X, Dong SC, Lu H. Efficient Green Spin Light-Emitting Diodes Enabled by Ultrafast Energy- and Spin-Funneling in Chiral Perovskites. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:14157-14165. [PMID: 38727602 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c02821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
Introducing molecular chirality into perovskite crystal structures has enabled the control of carrier spin states, giving rise to circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) in thin films and circularly polarized electroluminescence (CPEL) in LEDs. Spin-LEDs can be fabricated either through a spin-filtering layer enabled by chiral-induced spin selectivity or a chiral emissive layer. The former requires a high degree of spin polarization and a compatible spinterface for efficient spin injection, which might not be easily integrated into LEDs. Alternatively, a chiral emissive layer can also generate circularly polarized electroluminescence, but the efficiency remains low and the fundamental mechanism is elusive. In this work, we report an efficient green LED based on quasi-two-dimensional (quasi-2D) chiral perovskites as the emitting layer (EML), where CPEL is directly produced without separate carrier spin injection. The optimized chiral perovskite thin films exhibited strong CPL at 535 nm with a photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of 91% and a photoluminescence dissymmetry factor (glum) of 8.6 × 10-2. Efficient green spin-LEDs were successfully demonstrated, with a large EL dissymmetry factor (gEL) of 7.8 × 10-2 and a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 13.5% at room temperature. Ultrafast transient absorption (TA) spectroscopic study shows that the CPEL is generated from a rapid energy transfer accompanied by spin transfer from 2D to 3D perovskites. Our study not only demonstrates a reliable approach to achieve high performance spin-LEDs but also reveals the fundamental mechanism of CPEL with an emissive layer of chiral perovskites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Yao
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, 999077 Hong Kong (SAR), China
- Institute for Advanced Study, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, 999077 Hong Kong (SAR), China
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Displays and Optoelectronics Technologies, Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, 999077 Hong Kong (SAR), China
| | - Zhiyu Wang
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, 999077 Hong Kong (SAR), China
| | - Yuling Huang
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Jie Xue
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, 999077 Hong Kong (SAR), China
| | - Dengliang Zhang
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China
| | - Jiangshan Chen
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China
| | - Xihan Chen
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Shou-Cheng Dong
- Institute for Advanced Study, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, 999077 Hong Kong (SAR), China
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Displays and Optoelectronics Technologies, Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, 999077 Hong Kong (SAR), China
| | - Haipeng Lu
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, 999077 Hong Kong (SAR), China
- Energy Institute, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, 999077 Hong Kong (SAR), China
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4
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Huang Y, Chen C, Gong S, Hu Q, Liu J, Chen H, Mao L, Chen X. Tuning Spin-Polarized Lifetime at High Carrier Density through Deformation Potential in Dion-Jacobson-Phase Perovskites. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:12225-12232. [PMID: 38635866 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c03532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
The control of spin relaxation mechanisms is of great importance for spintronics applications as well as for fundamental studies. Layered metal-halide perovskites represent an emerging class of semiconductors with rich optical spin physics, showing potential for spintronic applications. However, a major hurdle arises in layered metal-halide perovskites with strong spin-orbit coupling, where the spin lifetime becomes extremely short due to D'yakonov-Perel' scattering and Bir-Aronov-Pikus at high carrier density. Using the circularly polarized pump-probe transient reflection technique, we experimentally reveal the important scattering for spin relaxation beyond the electron-hole exchange strength in the Dion-Jacobson (DJ)-type 2D perovskites (3AMP)(MA)n-1PbnI3n+1 [3AMP = 3-(aminomethyl)piperidinium, n = 1-4]. Despite a more than 10-fold increase in carrier concentration, the spin lifetimes for n = 3 and 4 are effectively maintained. We reveal neutral impurity and polar optical phonon scatterings as significant contributors to the momentum relaxation rate. Furthermore, we show that more octahedral distortions induce a larger deformation potential which is reflected on the acoustic phonon properties. Coherent acoustic phonon analysis indicates that the polaronic effect is crucial in achieving control over the scattering mechanism and ensuring spin lifetime protection, highlighting the potential of DJ-phase perovskites for spintronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuling Huang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Intelligent Robotics and Flexible Manufacturing Systems, SUSTech Energy Institute for Carbon Neutrality, Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Congcong Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Shaokuan Gong
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Intelligent Robotics and Flexible Manufacturing Systems, SUSTech Energy Institute for Carbon Neutrality, Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Qiushi Hu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Intelligent Robotics and Flexible Manufacturing Systems, SUSTech Energy Institute for Carbon Neutrality, Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jingjing Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Intelligent Robotics and Flexible Manufacturing Systems, SUSTech Energy Institute for Carbon Neutrality, Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Hongyu Chen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Intelligent Robotics and Flexible Manufacturing Systems, SUSTech Energy Institute for Carbon Neutrality, Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Lingling Mao
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xihan Chen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Intelligent Robotics and Flexible Manufacturing Systems, SUSTech Energy Institute for Carbon Neutrality, Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
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5
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Liu R, Tang B, Fan F. Enhanced Spin Polarization from Biaxially Strained Colloidal Quantum Dots. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:869-873. [PMID: 38237051 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c03495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Electron and hole spin polarization is crucial for quantum dots to be used in spin lasers and quantum information processing. However, the degree of spin polarization in II-VI and III-V semiconductor quantum dots is low because of the degenerated valence band. Here, we increase the light and heavy hole degeneracy by introducing biaxial strain into CdSe-based quantum dots, enabling the degree of spin polarization to be increased from 20% to 50% under photoexcitation. The optical gain threshold measurement further reveals that the increase in polarization helps to reduce the gain threshold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixiang Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Beibei Tang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Fengjia Fan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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6
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Liu X, Wang K, Zhang T, Liu H, Ren A, Ren S, Li P, Zhang C, Yao J, Zhao YS. Exciton Chirality Transfer Empowers Self-Triggered Spin-Polarized Amplified Spontaneous Emission from 1D-Anchoring-3D Perovskites. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2305260. [PMID: 37754067 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202305260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Spin-polarized lasers, arising from stimulated emission of imbalanced spin populations, play a vital role in spin-optoelectronics. It is usually tackled by external spin injection, inevitably suffering from additional losses across the barriers from injection sources to gain materials. Herein, spin-polarized coherent light emission is self-triggered from the 1D-anchoring-3D perovskites, where the imbalanced populations in achiral 3D perovskites are endowed with the spin selectivity of exciton chirality (EC) underpinned by chiral 1D perovskites. Efficient transfer of EC is enabled by rapid energy transfer, thereby creating an imbalance of the spin population of excited states. Stimulated emission of such populations brings self-triggered spin-polarized amplified spontaneous emission in the composite perovskites, yielding a higher degree of polarization (DOP) than that based on optical spin injection into bare achiral 3D perovskites. Chemical diversity of composite perovskites not only enables to adjust band gap for broadband output of spin-polarized light signals but also promises to manipulate radiative decay and spin relaxation toward remarkably increased DOP. These results highlight the importance of EC transfer mechanism for spin-polarized lasing and represent a crucial step toward the development of chiral-spintronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Kang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Tongjin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Haidi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ang Ren
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Shizhe Ren
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Penghao Li
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Chuang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jiannian Yao
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yong Sheng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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7
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Fu J, Ramesh S, Melvin Lim JW, Sum TC. Carriers, Quasi-particles, and Collective Excitations in Halide Perovskites. Chem Rev 2023. [PMID: 37276018 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Halide perovskites (HPs) are potential game-changing materials for a broad spectrum of optoelectronic applications ranging from photovoltaics, light-emitting devices, lasers to radiation detectors, ferroelectrics, thermoelectrics, etc. Underpinning this spectacular expansion is their fascinating photophysics involving a complex interplay of carrier, lattice, and quasi-particle interactions spanning several temporal orders that give rise to their remarkable optical and electronic properties. Herein, we critically examine and distill their dynamical behavior, collective interactions, and underlying mechanisms in conjunction with the experimental approaches. This review aims to provide a unified photophysical picture fundamental to understanding the outstanding light-harvesting and light-emitting properties of HPs. The hotbed of carrier and quasi-particle interactions uncovered in HPs underscores the critical role of ultrafast spectroscopy and fundamental photophysics studies in advancing perovskite optoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhui Fu
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Sankaran Ramesh
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
- Energy Research Institute @NTU (ERI@N), Interdisciplinary Graduate School, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637553, Singapore
| | - Jia Wei Melvin Lim
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
- Energy Research Institute @NTU (ERI@N), Interdisciplinary Graduate School, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637553, Singapore
| | - Tze Chien Sum
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
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8
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Cai R, Wadgaonkar I, Lim JWM, Dal Forno S, Giovanni D, Feng M, Ye S, Battiato M, Sum TC. Zero-field quantum beats and spin decoherence mechanisms in CsPbBr 3 perovskite nanocrystals. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2472. [PMID: 37120626 PMCID: PMC10148794 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37721-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Coherent optical manipulation of exciton states provides a fascinating approach for quantum gating and ultrafast switching. However, their coherence time for incumbent semiconductors is highly susceptible to thermal decoherence and inhomogeneous broadening effects. Here, we uncover zero-field exciton quantum beating and anomalous temperature dependence of the exciton spin lifetimes in CsPbBr3 perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) ensembles. The quantum beating between two exciton fine-structure splitting (FSS) levels enables coherent ultrafast optical control of the excitonic degree of freedom. From the anomalous temperature dependence, we identify and fully parametrize all the regimes of exciton spin depolarization, finding that approaching room temperature, it is dominated by a motional narrowing process governed by the exciton multilevel coherence. Importantly, our results present an unambiguous full physical picture of the complex interplay of the underlying spin decoherence mechanisms. These intrinsic exciton FSS states in perovskite NCs present fresh opportunities for spin-based photonic quantum technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Cai
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Indrajit Wadgaonkar
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jia Wei Melvin Lim
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- ERI@N, Interdisciplinary Graduate School, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Stefano Dal Forno
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - David Giovanni
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Minjun Feng
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Senyun Ye
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Marco Battiato
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Tze Chien Sum
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.
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9
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Yang LS, Lin EC, Hua YH, Hsu CA, Chiu HZ, Lo PH, Chao YC. Circularly Polarized Photoluminescence of Chiral 2D Halide Perovskites at Room Temperature. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:54090-54100. [PMID: 36420750 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c16359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Chiral halide perovskites have attracted considerable attention because of their chiroptical, second-harmonic generation, and ferroelectricity properties and their potential application in chiroptoelectronics and chiral spintronics. However, the fundamental research of these properties is insufficient. In this work, chiral perovskites were synthesized using precursor solutions with various stoichiometric ratios ⟨n⟩. The chiral perovskite film prepared from the solution with ⟨n⟩ = 1 is composed of (R-/S-/rac-MBA)2PbBr4, whereas the films prepared from the solutions with ⟨n⟩ larger than 1 are a mixture of (R-/S-/rac-MBA)2(CsMA)n-1PbnBr3n+1 with n = 1 and large n values. A photoluminescence quantum yield of approximately 90 was obtained. Symmetric circular dichroism (CD) spectra were observed without an external magnetic field. Under various magnetic fields, magnetic field-induced CD features are superimposed with the intrinsic chirality-induced CD features. For the ⟨n⟩ = 1 chiral perovskite film, the energy level splitting induced by chiral molecules are a few 10 μeV, whereas the energy level splitting induced by magnetic fields are at the range of ∼-250 to ∼250 μeV. Circularly polarized photoluminescence spectra were observed at room temperature and associated with the spin-preserved energy funneling from highly energetic phases to the lower energetic phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan-Sheng Yang
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei11677, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - En-Chi Lin
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei11677, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yi-Hsiu Hua
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei11677, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chin-An Hsu
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei11677, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Hao-Zhe Chiu
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei11677, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Pei-Hsuan Lo
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei11677, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yu-Chiang Chao
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei11677, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Institute of Physics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu300093, Taiwan
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10
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Yumoto G, Sekiguchi F, Hashimoto R, Nakamura T, Wakamiya A, Kanemitsu Y. Rapidly expanding spin-polarized exciton halo in a two-dimensional halide perovskite at room temperature. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabp8135. [PMID: 35905182 PMCID: PMC9337763 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abp8135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Monitoring of the spatially resolved exciton spin dynamics in two-dimensional semiconductors has revealed the formation of a spatial pattern and long-range transport of the spin-polarized excitons, which holds promise for exciton-based spin-optoelectronic applications. However, the spatial evolution has been restricted to cryogenic temperatures because of the short exciton spin relaxation times at room temperature. Here, we report that two-dimensional halide perovskites can overcome this limitation owing to their relatively long exciton spin relaxation times and substantial exciton-exciton interactions. We demonstrate the emergence of a halo-like spatial profile in spin-polarized exciton population and its ultrafast expansion at room temperature by performing time-resolved Faraday rotation imaging of spin-polarized excitons in two-dimensional perovskite (C4H9NH3)2(CH3NH3)3Pb4I13. Exciton-exciton exchange interactions induce density-dependent nonlinear relaxation and ultrafast transport of exciton spins and give rise to a rapidly expanding halo-like spatial pattern. The density-dependent spatial control suggests the potential of using two-dimensional halide perovskites for spin-optoelectronic applications.
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11
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Jin Z, Peng Y, Fang Y, Ye Z, Fan Z, Liu Z, Bao X, Gao H, Ren W, Wu J, Ma G, Chen Q, Zhang C, Balakin AV, Shkurinov AP, Zhu Y, Zhuang S. Photoinduced large polaron transport and dynamics in organic-inorganic hybrid lead halide perovskite with terahertz probes. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2022; 11:209. [PMID: 35794097 PMCID: PMC9259629 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-022-00872-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Organic-inorganic hybrid metal halide perovskites (MHPs) have attracted tremendous attention for optoelectronic applications. The long photocarrier lifetime and moderate carrier mobility have been proposed as results of the large polaron formation in MHPs. However, it is challenging to measure the effective mass and carrier scattering parameters of the photogenerated large polarons in the ultrafast carrier recombination dynamics. Here, we show, in a one-step spectroscopic method, that the optical-pump and terahertz-electromagnetic probe (OPTP) technique allows us to access the nature of interplay of photoexcited unbound charge carriers and optical phonons in polycrystalline CH3NH3PbI3 (MAPbI3) of about 10 μm grain size. Firstly, we demonstrate a direct spectral evidence of the large polarons in polycrystalline MAPbI3. Using the Drude-Smith-Lorentz model along with the Frӧhlich-type electron-phonon (e-ph) coupling, we determine the effective mass and scattering parameters of photogenerated polaronic carriers. We discover that the resulting moderate polaronic carrier mobility is mainly influenced by the enhanced carrier scattering, rather than the polaron mass enhancement. While, the formation of large polarons in MAPbI3 polycrystalline grains results in a long charge carrier lifetime at room temperature. Our results provide crucial information about the photo-physics of MAPbI3 and are indispensable for optoelectronic device development with better performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuanming Jin
- Terahertz Technology Innovation Research Institute, Terahertz Spectrum and Imaging Technology Cooperative Innovation Center, Shanghai Key Lab of Modern Optical System, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China
| | - Yan Peng
- Terahertz Technology Innovation Research Institute, Terahertz Spectrum and Imaging Technology Cooperative Innovation Center, Shanghai Key Lab of Modern Optical System, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China.
| | - Yuqing Fang
- Terahertz Technology Innovation Research Institute, Terahertz Spectrum and Imaging Technology Cooperative Innovation Center, Shanghai Key Lab of Modern Optical System, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China
| | - Zhijiang Ye
- Terahertz Technology Innovation Research Institute, Terahertz Spectrum and Imaging Technology Cooperative Innovation Center, Shanghai Key Lab of Modern Optical System, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China
| | - Zhiyuan Fan
- Terahertz Technology Innovation Research Institute, Terahertz Spectrum and Imaging Technology Cooperative Innovation Center, Shanghai Key Lab of Modern Optical System, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China
| | - Zhilin Liu
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Xichang Bao
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Heng Gao
- Physics Department, Materials Genome Institute, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Special Steel, Shanghai Key Laboratory of High Temperature Superconductors, International Centre of Quantum and Molecular Structures, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Wei Ren
- Physics Department, Materials Genome Institute, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Special Steel, Shanghai Key Laboratory of High Temperature Superconductors, International Centre of Quantum and Molecular Structures, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yutian Road 500, Shanghai, China
| | - Guohong Ma
- Department of Physics, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Qianli Chen
- University of Michigan - Shanghai Jiao Tong University Joint Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- School of Physics, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Alexey V Balakin
- Department of Physics and International Laser Center, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1, Moscow, 19991, Russia
- ILIT RAS-Branch of the FSRC《Crystallography and Photonics》RAS, Svyatoozerskaya 1, 140700, Shatura, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Alexander P Shkurinov
- Department of Physics and International Laser Center, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1, Moscow, 19991, Russia
- ILIT RAS-Branch of the FSRC《Crystallography and Photonics》RAS, Svyatoozerskaya 1, 140700, Shatura, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Yiming Zhu
- Terahertz Technology Innovation Research Institute, Terahertz Spectrum and Imaging Technology Cooperative Innovation Center, Shanghai Key Lab of Modern Optical System, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China.
| | - Songlin Zhuang
- Terahertz Technology Innovation Research Institute, Terahertz Spectrum and Imaging Technology Cooperative Innovation Center, Shanghai Key Lab of Modern Optical System, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China
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12
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Wu G, Liang R, Ge M, Sun G, Zhang Y, Xing G. Surface Passivation Using 2D Perovskites toward Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2105635. [PMID: 34865245 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202105635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
3D perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have shown great promise for use in next-generation photovoltaic devices. However, some challenges need to be addressed before their commercial production, such as enormous defects formed on the surface, which result in severe SRH recombination, and inadequate material interplay between the composition, leading to thermal-, moisture-, and light-induced degradation. 2D perovskites, in which the organic layer functions as a protective barrier to block the erosion of moisture or ions, have recently emerged and attracted increasing attention because they exhibit significant robustness. Inspired by this, surface passivation by employing 2D perovskites deposited on the top of 3D counterparts has triggered a new wave of research to simultaneously achieve higher efficiency and stability. Herein, we exploited a vast amount of literature to comprehensively summarize the recent progress on 2D/3D heterostructure PSCs using surface passivation. The review begins with an introduction of the crystal structure, followed by the advantages of the combination of 2D and 3D perovskites. Then, the surface passivation strategies, optoelectronic properties, enhanced stability, and photovoltaic performance of 2D/3D PSCs are systematically discussed. Finally, the perspectives of passivation techniques using 2D perovskites to offer insight into further improved photovoltaic performance in the future are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangbao Wu
- Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau, 999078, China
| | - Rui Liang
- Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau, 999078, China
| | - Mingzheng Ge
- Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau, 999078, China
- School of Textile and Clothing, Nantong University, Nantong, 226019, P. R. China
| | - Guoxing Sun
- Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau, 999078, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- School of Chemistry, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Guichuan Xing
- Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau, 999078, China
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13
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Chen X, Lu H, Wang K, Zhai Y, Lunin V, Sercel PC, Beard MC. Tuning Spin-Polarized Lifetime in Two-Dimensional Metal-Halide Perovskite through Exciton Binding Energy. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:19438-19445. [PMID: 34767709 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c08514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Metal-halide perovskite semiconductors have attracted attention for opto-spintronic applications where the manipulation of charge and spin degrees of freedom have the potential to lower power consumption and achieve faster switching times for electronic devices. Lower-dimensional perovskites are of particular interest since the lower degree of symmetry of the metal-halide connected octahedra and the large spin-orbit coupling can potentially lift the spin degeneracy. To achieve their full application potential, long spin-polarized lifetimes and an understanding of spin-relaxation in these systems are needed. Here, we report an intriguing spin-selective excitation of excitons in a series of 2D lead iodide perovskite (n = 1) single crystals by using time- and polarization-resolved transient reflection spectroscopy. Exciton spin relaxation times as long as ∼26 ps at low excitation densities and at room temperature were achieved for a system with small binding energy, 2D EOA2PbI4 (EOA = ethanolamine). By tuning the excitation density and the exciton binding energy, we identify the dominant mechanism as the D'yakonov-Perel (DP) mechanism at low exciton densities and the Bir-Aronov-Pikus (BAP) mechanism at high excitation densities. Together, these results provide new design principles to achieve long spin lifetimes in metal-halide perovskite semiconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xihan Chen
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States.,Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Haipeng Lu
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States.,Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kang Wang
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States.,State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Yaxin Zhai
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States.,Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Structures and Quantum Control of Ministry of Education, Department of Physics, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Vladimir Lunin
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Peter C Sercel
- Center for Hybrid Organic Inorganic Semiconductors for Energy, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Matthew C Beard
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
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14
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Abstract
Harnessing cost-efficient printable semiconductor materials as near-infrared (NIR) emitters in light-emitting diodes (LEDs) is extremely attractive for sensing and diagnostics, telecommunications, and biomedical sciences. However, the most efficient NIR LEDs suitable for printable electronics rely on emissive materials containing precious transition metal ions (such as platinum), which have triggered concerns about their poor biocompatibility and sustainability. Here, we review and highlight the latest progress in NIR LEDs based on non-toxic and low-cost functional materials suitable for solution-processing deposition. Different approaches to achieve NIR emission from organic and hybrid materials are discussed, with particular focus on fluorescent and exciplex-forming host-guest systems, thermally activated delayed fluorescent molecules, aggregation-induced emission fluorophores, as well as lead-free perovskites. Alternative strategies leveraging photonic microcavity effects and surface plasmon resonances to enhance the emission of such materials in the NIR are also presented. Finally, an outlook for critical challenges and opportunities of non-toxic NIR LEDs is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunping Guo
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and London Centre for Nanotechnology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Marcello Righetto
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and London Centre for Nanotechnology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Alessandro Minotto
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and London Centre for Nanotechnology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Andrea Zampetti
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and London Centre for Nanotechnology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Franco Cacialli
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and London Centre for Nanotechnology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
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15
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Giovanni D, Ramesh S, Righetto M, Melvin Lim JW, Zhang Q, Wang Y, Ye S, Xu Q, Mathews N, Sum TC. The Physics of Interlayer Exciton Delocalization in Ruddlesden-Popper Lead Halide Perovskites. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:405-413. [PMID: 33337888 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c03800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) lead halide Ruddlesden-Popper perovskites (RPP) have recently emerged as a prospective material system for optoelectronic applications. Their self-assembled multi quantum-well structure gives rise to the novel interwell energy funnelling phenomenon, which is of broad interests for photovoltaics, light-emission applications, and emerging technologies (e.g., spintronics). Herein, we develop a realistic finite quantum-well superlattice model that corroborates the hypothesis of exciton delocalization across different quantum-wells in RPP. Such delocalization leads to a sub-50 fs coherent energy transfer between adjacent wells, with the efficiency depending on the RPP phase matching and the organic large cation barrier lengths. Our approach provides a coherent and comprehensive account for both steady-state and transient dynamical experimental results in RPPs. Importantly, these findings pave the way for a deeper understanding of these systems, as a cornerstone crucial for establishing material design rules to realize efficient RPP-based devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Giovanni
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Sankaran Ramesh
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
- Energy Research Institute @NTU (ERI@N), Interdisciplinary Graduate School, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, S2-B3a-01, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Marcello Righetto
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Jia Wei Melvin Lim
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
- Energy Research Institute @NTU (ERI@N), Interdisciplinary Graduate School, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, S2-B3a-01, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Qiannan Zhang
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Yue Wang
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Senyun Ye
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Qiang Xu
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Nripan Mathews
- ERI@N, Research Techno Plaza, X-Frontier Block, Level 5, 50 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637553, Singapore
- School of Material Sciences and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Block N4.1, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Tze Chien Sum
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
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16
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Giovanni D, Righetto M, Zhang Q, Lim JWM, Ramesh S, Sum TC. Origins of the long-range exciton diffusion in perovskite nanocrystal films: photon recycling vs exciton hopping. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2021; 10:2. [PMID: 33386385 PMCID: PMC7775951 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-020-00443-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The outstanding optoelectronic performance of lead halide perovskites lies in their exceptional carrier diffusion properties. As the perovskite material dimensionality is reduced to exploit the quantum confinement effects, the disruption to the perovskite lattice, often with insulating organic ligands, raises new questions on the charge diffusion properties. Herein, we report direct imaging of >1 μm exciton diffusion lengths in CH3NH3PbBr3 perovskite nanocrystal (PNC) films. Surprisingly, the resulting exciton mobilities in these PNC films can reach 10 ± 2 cm2 V-1 s-1, which is counterintuitively several times higher than the carrier mobility in 3D perovskite films. We show that this ultralong exciton diffusion originates from both efficient inter-NC exciton hopping (via Förster energy transfer) and the photon recycling process with a smaller yet significant contribution. Importantly, our study not only sheds new light on the highly debated origins of the excellent exciton diffusion in PNC films but also highlights the potential of PNCs for optoelectronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Giovanni
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Marcello Righetto
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Qiannan Zhang
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Jia Wei Melvin Lim
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
- Energy Research Institute @NTU (ERI@N), Interdisciplinary Graduate School, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, S2-B3a-01, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Sankaran Ramesh
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
- Energy Research Institute @NTU (ERI@N), Interdisciplinary Graduate School, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, S2-B3a-01, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Tze Chien Sum
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore.
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17
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Piveteau L, Morad V, Kovalenko MV. Solid-State NMR and NQR Spectroscopy of Lead-Halide Perovskite Materials. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:19413-19437. [PMID: 32986955 PMCID: PMC7677932 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c07338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Two- and three-dimensional lead-halide perovskite (LHP) materials are novel semiconductors that have generated broad interest owing to their outstanding optical and electronic properties. Characterization and understanding of their atomic structure and structure-property relationships are often nontrivial as a result of the vast structural and compositional tunability of LHPs as well as the enhanced structure dynamics as compared with oxide perovskites or more conventional semiconductors. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy contributes to this thrust through its unique capability of sampling chemical bonding element-specifically (1/2H, 13C, 14/15N, 35/37Cl, 39K, 79/81Br, 87Rb, 127I, 133Cs, and 207Pb nuclei) and locally and shedding light onto the connectivity, geometry, topology, and dynamics of bonding. NMR can therefore readily observe phase transitions, evaluate phase purity and compositional and structural disorder, and probe molecular dynamics and ionic motion in diverse forms of LHPs, in which they can be used practically, ranging from bulk single crystals (e.g., in gamma and X-ray detectors) to polycrystalline films (e.g., in photovoltaics, photodetectors, and light-emitting diodes) and colloidal nanocrystals (e.g., in liquid crystal displays and future quantum light sources). Herein we also outline the immense practical potential of nuclear quadrupolar resonance (NQR) spectroscopy for characterizing LHPs, owing to the strong quadrupole moments, good sensitivity, and high natural abundance of several halide nuclei (79/81Br and 127I) combined with the enhanced electric field gradients around these nuclei existing in LHPs as well as the instrumental simplicity. Strong quadrupole interactions, on one side, make 79/81Br and 127I NMR rather impractical but turn NQR into a high-resolution probe of the local structure around halide ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Piveteau
- Department
of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH
Zürich, Vladimir Prelog Weg 1-5, Zurich CH-8093, Switzerland
- Empa-Swiss
Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, Dübendorf CH-8600, Switzerland
- CNRS,
UPR 3079, CEMHTI, Orléans, 45071 Cedex 02, France
| | - Viktoriia Morad
- Department
of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH
Zürich, Vladimir Prelog Weg 1-5, Zurich CH-8093, Switzerland
- Empa-Swiss
Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, Dübendorf CH-8600, Switzerland
| | - Maksym V. Kovalenko
- Department
of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH
Zürich, Vladimir Prelog Weg 1-5, Zurich CH-8093, Switzerland
- Empa-Swiss
Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, Dübendorf CH-8600, Switzerland
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18
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Zhao W, Su R, Huang Y, Wu J, Fong CF, Feng J, Xiong Q. Transient circular dichroism and exciton spin dynamics in all-inorganic halide perovskites. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5665. [PMID: 33168828 PMCID: PMC7653957 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19471-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
All-inorganic metal halides perovskites (CsPbX3, X = Br or Cl) show strong excitonic and spin-orbital coupling effects, underpinning spin-selective excitonic transitions and therefore exhibiting great promise for spintronics and quantum-optics applications. Here we report spin-dependent optical nonlinearities in CsPbX3 single crystals by using ultrafast pump-probe spectroscopy. Many-body interactions between spin-polarized excitons act like a pseudo-magnetic field and thus lift the degeneracy of spin states resulting in a photoinduced circular dichroism. Such spontaneous spin splitting between “spin-up” and “spin-down” excitons can be several tens of milli-electron volts under intense excitations. The exciton spin relaxation time is ~20 picoseconds at very low pump fluence, the longest reported in the metal halides perovskites family at room temperature. The dominant spin-flip mechanism is attributed to the electron-hole exchange interactions. Our results provide essential understandings towards realizing practical spintronics applications of perovskite semiconductors. Strong excitonic effects and spin-orbit coupling in all-inorganic halide perovskite is promising for spintronic application, yet the spin-dependent phenomenon is not well understood. Here, the authors reveal that many-body interactions between spin-polarized excitons act like pseudo-magnetic field, lifting the degeneracy and resulting in circular dichroism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijie Zhao
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Rui Su
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Yuqing Huang
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Jinqi Wu
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Chee Fai Fong
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Jiangang Feng
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Qihua Xiong
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore. .,State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
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19
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Guo J, Liu T, Li M, Liang C, Wang K, Hong G, Tang Y, Long G, Yu SF, Lee TW, Huang W, Xing G. Ultrashort laser pulse doubling by metal-halide perovskite multiple quantum wells. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3361. [PMID: 32681066 PMCID: PMC7368017 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17096-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple ultrashort laser pulses are widely used in optical spectroscopy, optoelectronic manipulation, optical imaging and optical signal processing etc. The laser pulse multiplication, so far, is solely realized by using the optical setups or devices to modify the output laser pulse from the optical gain medium. The employment of these external techniques is because the gain medium itself is incapable of modifying or multiplying the generated laser pulse. Herein, with single femtosecond laser pulse excitation, we achieve the double-pulsed stimulated emission with pulse duration of around 40 ps and pulse interval of around 70 ps from metal-halide perovskite multiple quantum wells. These unique stimulated emissions originate from one fast vertical and the other slow lateral high-efficiency carrier funneling from low-dimensional to high-dimensional quantum wells. Furthermore, such gain medium surprisingly possesses nearly Auger-free stimulated emission. These insights enable us a fresh approach to multiple the ultrashort laser pulse by gain medium. Laser pulse multiplication is desired in many applications but has been challenging to realize by gain medium. Here Guo et al. achieve double-pulsed stimulated emission in quasi-2D metal-halide perovskites due to the two-channel carrier funneling effect in their multiple-quantum-wells structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Guo
- Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, 999078, Macao, China
| | - Tanghao Liu
- Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, 999078, Macao, China
| | - Mingjie Li
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P.R. China.
| | - Chao Liang
- Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, 999078, Macao, China
| | - Kaiyang Wang
- Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, 999078, Macao, China
| | - Guo Hong
- Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, 999078, Macao, China
| | - Yuxin Tang
- Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, 999078, Macao, China
| | - Guankui Long
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials, Nankai University, 300350, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Siu-Fung Yu
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P.R. China
| | - Tae-Woo Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University (SNU), Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Wei Huang
- Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 710072, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Guichuan Xing
- Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, 999078, Macao, China.
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Hot carriers perspective on the nature of traps in perovskites. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2712. [PMID: 32483150 PMCID: PMC7264280 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16463-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Amongst the many spectacular properties of hybrid lead halide perovskites, their defect tolerance is regarded as the key enabler for a spectrum of high-performance optoelectronic devices that propel perovskites to prominence. However, the plateauing efficiency enhancement of perovskite devices calls into question the extent of this defect tolerance in perovskite systems; an opportunity for perovskite nanocrystals to fill. Through optical spectroscopy and phenomenological modeling based on the Marcus theory of charge transfer, we uncover the detrimental effect of hot carriers trapping in methylammonium lead iodide and bromide nanocrystals. Higher excess energies induce faster carrier trapping rates, ascribed to interactions with shallow traps and ligands, turning these into potent defects. Passivating these traps with the introduction of phosphine oxide ligands can help mitigate hot carrier trapping. Importantly, our findings extend beyond photovoltaics and are relevant for low threshold lasers, light-emitting devices and multi-exciton generation devices. The benign nature of defects in lead halide perovskites is widely regarded as the basis for their outstanding optoelectronic properties. Here Righetto et al. overthrew this perception, revealing the defects’ surprising potency to hot carriers and devised a strategy to suppress them.
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21
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Price CC, Blancon JC, Mohite AD, Shenoy VB. Interfacial Electromechanics Predicts Phase Behavior of 2D Hybrid Halide Perovskites. ACS NANO 2020; 14:3353-3364. [PMID: 32073821 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b09105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Quasi-two-dimensional (2D) mixed-cation hybrid halide perovskites (A'2AN-1MNX3N+1; A' = large organic molecule with cationic group, A = [Cs+, CH3NH3+, HC(NH2)2+], M = [Pb, Sn, Ge], X = [I-, Br-, Cl-]) have rapidly emerged as candidates to improve the structural stability and device lifetime of 3D perovskite semiconductor devices under operating conditions. The addition of the large A' cation to the traditional AMX3 structure introduces several synthetic degrees of freedom and breaks M-X bonds, giving rise to peculiar critical phase behavior in the phase space of these complex materials. In this work, we propose a thermodynamic model parametrized by first-principles calculations to generate the phase diagram of 2D and quasi-2D perovskites (q-2DPKs) based on the mechanics and electrostatics of the interface between the A' cations and the metal halide octahedral network. Focusing on the most commonly studied methylammonium lead iodide system where A' is n-butylammonium (BA; CH3(CH2)3NH3+), we find that the apparent difficulty in synthesizing phase-pure samples with a stoichiometric index N > 5 can be attributed to the energetic competition between repulsion of opposing interfacial dipole layers and mechanical relaxation induced by interfacial stress. Our model shows quantitative agreement with experimental observations of the maximum phase-pure stoichiometric index (Ncrit) and explains the nonmonotonic evolution of the lattice parameters with increasing stoichiometric index (N). This model is generalizable to the entire family of q-2DPKs and can guide the design of photovoltaic and optical materials that combine the structural stability of the q-2DPKs while retaining the charge carrier properties of their 3D counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher C Price
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Jean-Christophe Blancon
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Aditya D Mohite
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Vivek B Shenoy
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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Zhou M, Sarmiento JS, Fei C, Zhang X, Wang H. Effect of Composition on the Spin Relaxation of Lead Halide Perovskites. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:1502-1507. [PMID: 32017571 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Lead halide perovskites have been promising candidates in spintronics applications; however, the mechanism of spin relaxation is still unclear. Here, we compare the temperature-dependent spin dynamics of four perovskite films (XPbY3) with different compositions (X = CH3NH3, Cs; Y = I, Br). The room-temperature net spin lifetime is found to increase as the molar mass decreases, indicating the dominant role of spin orbital coupling in their spin relaxation. As the temperature is reduced from room temperature to 77 K, the spin relaxations in CH3NH3PbI3 and CsPbI3 are significantly slowed down while those of CH3NH3PbBr3 and CsPbBr3 are only slightly changed. Based on the analysis of phonon scattering of perovskites, it is suggested that two different mechanisms, Elliot-Yafet in which spin flips upon momentum scattering and D'yakonov-Perel in which spin relaxes between momentum scattering, are responsible for the spin relaxation in XPbI3 and XPbBr3 (X = CH3NH3, Cs), respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhou
- Department of Physics , University of Miami , Coral Gables , Florida 33146 , United States
| | - Julio S Sarmiento
- Department of Physics , University of Miami , Coral Gables , Florida 33146 , United States
| | - Chengbin Fei
- Department of Physics , University of Miami , Coral Gables , Florida 33146 , United States
| | - Xinwen Zhang
- Department of Physics , University of Miami , Coral Gables , Florida 33146 , United States
| | - He Wang
- Department of Physics , University of Miami , Coral Gables , Florida 33146 , United States
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