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Qian Q, Li M, Zhang Z, Davis SW, Rahmouni K, Norris AW, Cao H, Ding WX, Hotamisligil GS, Yang L. Obesity disrupts the pituitary-hepatic UPR communication leading to NAFLD progression. Cell Metab 2024; 36:1550-1565.e9. [PMID: 38718793 PMCID: PMC11222033 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2024.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Obesity alters levels of pituitary hormones that govern hepatic immune-metabolic homeostasis, dysregulation of which leads to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, the impact of obesity on intra-pituitary homeostasis is largely unknown. Here, we uncovered a blunted unfolded protein response (UPR) but elevated inflammatory signatures in pituitary glands of obese mice and humans. Furthermore, we found that obesity inflames the pituitary gland, leading to impaired pituitary inositol-requiring enzyme 1α (IRE1α)-X-box-binding protein 1 (XBP1) UPR branch, which is essential for protecting against pituitary endocrine defects and NAFLD progression. Intriguingly, pituitary IRE1-deletion resulted in hypothyroidism and suppressed the thyroid hormone receptor B (THRB)-mediated activation of Xbp1 in the liver. Conversely, activation of the hepatic THRB-XBP1 axis improved NAFLD in mice with pituitary UPR defect. Our study provides the first evidence and mechanism of obesity-induced intra-pituitary cellular defects and the pathophysiological role of pituitary-liver UPR communication in NAFLD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingwen Qian
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, Pappajohn Biomedical Institute, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Mark Li
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, Pappajohn Biomedical Institute, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Zeyuan Zhang
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, Pappajohn Biomedical Institute, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Shannon W Davis
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Kamal Rahmouni
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, Pappajohn Biomedical Institute, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Andrew W Norris
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics, Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Huojun Cao
- Iowa Institute for Oral Health Research, Division of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Department of Endodontics, University of Iowa College of Dentistry, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Wen-Xing Ding
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Gökhan S Hotamisligil
- Sabri Ülker Center for Metabolic Research, Department of Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T.H. School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02141, USA
| | - Ling Yang
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, Pappajohn Biomedical Institute, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
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2
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Evergren E, Mills IG, Kennedy G. Adaptations of membrane trafficking in cancer and tumorigenesis. J Cell Sci 2024; 137:jcs260943. [PMID: 38770683 PMCID: PMC11166456 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.260943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Membrane trafficking, a fundamental cellular process encompassing the transport of molecules to specific organelles, endocytosis at the plasma membrane and protein secretion, is crucial for cellular homeostasis and signalling. Cancer cells adapt membrane trafficking to enhance their survival and metabolism, and understanding these adaptations is vital for improving patient responses to therapy and identifying therapeutic targets. In this Review, we provide a concise overview of major membrane trafficking pathways and detail adaptations in these pathways, including COPII-dependent endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-to-Golgi vesicle trafficking, COPI-dependent retrograde Golgi-to-ER trafficking and endocytosis, that have been found in cancer. We explore how these adaptations confer growth advantages or resistance to cell death and conclude by discussing the potential for utilising this knowledge in developing new treatment strategies and overcoming drug resistance for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Evergren
- Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Ian G. Mills
- Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Grace Kennedy
- Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
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3
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Huang D, Li Y, Han J, Zuo H, Liu H, Chen Z. Xbp1 promotes odontoblastic differentiation through modulating mitochondrial homeostasis. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23600. [PMID: 38572599 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202400186r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Odontoblast differentiation depends on the orderly recruitment of transcriptional factors (TFs) in the transcriptional regulatory network. The depletion of crucial TFs disturbs dynamic alteration of the chromatin landscape and gene expression profile, leading to developmental defects. Our previous studies have revealed that the basic leucine zipper (bZIP) TF family is crucial in odontoblastic differentiation, but the function of bZIP TF family member XBP1 is still unknown. Here, we showed the stage-specific expression patterns of the spliced form Xbp1s during tooth development. Elevated Xbp1 expression and nuclear translocation of XBP1S in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were induced by differentiation medium in vitro. Diminution of Xbp1 expression impaired the odontogenic differentiation potential of MSCs. The further integration of ATAC-seq and RNA-seq identified Hspa9 as a direct downstream target, an essential mitochondrial chaperonin gene that modulated mitochondrial homeostasis. The amelioration of mitochondrial dysfunction rescued the impaired odontogenic differentiation potential of MSCs caused by the diminution of Xbp1. Furthermore, the overexpression of Hspa9 rescued Xbp1-deficient defects in odontoblastic differentiation. Our study illustrates the crucial role of Xbp1 in odontoblastic differentiation via modulating mitochondrial homeostasis and brings evidence to the therapy of mitochondrial diseases caused by genetic defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiahao Han
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Huanyan Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, School of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Huan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, School of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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4
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Stallings CE, Das P, Athul SW, Ukagwu AE, Jensik PJ, Ellsworth BS. FOXO1 regulates expression of Neurod4 in the pituitary gland. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2024; 583:112128. [PMID: 38142853 PMCID: PMC10922409 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2023.112128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Pituitary gland function is regulated by the activity of various transcription factors that control cell fate decisions leading to cellular differentiation and hormone production. FOXO1 is necessary for normal somatotrope differentiation and function. Recent in vivo data implicate FOXO1 in the regulation of genes important for somatotrope differentiation including Gh1, Neurod4, and Pou1f1. In the current study, the somatotrope-like cell line GH3 was treated with a FOXO1 inhibitor, resulting in significant reduction in Neurod4 and Gh1 expression. Consistent with these findings, CRISPR/Cas9-mediated deletion of Foxo1 in GH3 cells significantly reduced expression of Gh1 and Neurod4. Chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing identifies novel FOXO1 binding sites associated with the Neurod4, Gh1, and Pou1f1 genes. The FOXO1 binding site in the Neurod4 gene exhibits enhancer activity in somatotrope-like cells but not in gonadotrope-like cells. These data strongly suggest FOXO1 directly contributes to the transcriptional control of genes important for somatotrope differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pratyusa Das
- Department of Physiology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, USA
| | - Sandria W Athul
- Department of Physiology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, USA
| | - Arnold E Ukagwu
- Department of Physiology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, USA
| | - Philip J Jensik
- Department of Physiology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, USA
| | - Buffy S Ellsworth
- Department of Physiology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, USA.
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5
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Sue N, Thai LM, Saito A, Boyer CK, Fordham AM, Yan C, Davenport A, Tao J, Bensellam M, Cantley J, Shi YC, Stephens SB, Imaizumi K, Biden TJ. Independent activation of CREB3L2 by glucose fills a regulatory gap in mouse β-cells by co-ordinating insulin biosynthesis with secretory granule formation. Mol Metab 2024; 79:101845. [PMID: 38013154 PMCID: PMC10755490 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2023.101845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although individual steps have been characterized, there is little understanding of the overall process whereby glucose co-ordinates the biosynthesis of insulin with its export out of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and incorporation into insulin secretory granules (ISGs). Here we investigate a role for the transcription factor CREB3L2 in this context. METHODS MIN6 cells and mouse islets were analysed by immunoblotting after treatment with glucose, fatty acids, thapsigargin and various inhibitors. Knockdown of CREB3L2 was achieved using si or sh constructs by transfection, or viral delivery. In vivo metabolic phenotyping was conducted after deletion of CREB3L2 in β-cells of adult mice using Ins1-CreER+. Islets were isolated for RNAseq and assays of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS). Trafficking was monitored in islet monolayers using a GFP-tagged proinsulin construct that allows for synchronised release from the ER. RESULTS With a Km ≈3.5 mM, glucose rapidly (T1/2 0.9 h) increased full length (FL) CREB3L2 followed by a slower rise (T1/2 2.5 h) in its transcriptionally-active cleavage product, P60 CREB3L2. Glucose stimulation repressed the ER stress marker, CHOP, and this was partially reverted by knockdown of CREB3L2. Activation of CREB3L2 by glucose was not due to ER stress, however, but a combination of O-GlcNAcylation, which impaired proteasomal degradation of FL-CREB3L2, and mTORC1 stimulation, which enhanced its conversion to P60. cAMP generation also activated CREB3L2, but independently of glucose. Deletion of CREB3L2 inhibited GSIS ex vivo and, following a high-fat diet (HFD), impaired glucose tolerance and insulin secretion in vivo. RNAseq revealed that CREB3L2 regulated genes controlling trafficking to-and-from the Golgi, as well as a broader cohort associated with β-cell compensation during a HFD. Although post-Golgi trafficking appeared intact, knockdown of CREB3L2 impaired the generation of both nascent ISGs and proinsulin condensates in the Golgi, implying a defect in ER export of proinsulin and/or its processing in the Golgi. CONCLUSION The stimulation of CREB3L2 by glucose defines a novel, rapid and direct mechanism for co-ordinating the synthesis, packaging and storage of insulin, thereby minimizing ER overload and optimizing β-cell function under conditions of high secretory demand. Upregulation of CREB3L2 also potentially contributes to the benefits of GLP1 agonism and might in itself constitute a novel means of treating β-cell failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Sue
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Le May Thai
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Atsushi Saito
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Cierra K Boyer
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52246, USA
| | - Ashleigh M Fordham
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Chenxu Yan
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Aimee Davenport
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Jiang Tao
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Mohammed Bensellam
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - James Cantley
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Yan-Chuan Shi
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Samuel B Stephens
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52246, USA
| | - Kazunori Imaizumi
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Trevor J Biden
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
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6
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Korff C, Adaway M, Atkinson EG, Horan DJ, Klunk A, Silva BS, Bellido T, Plotkin LI, Robling AG, Bidwell JP. Loss of Nmp4 enhances bone gain from sclerostin antibody administration. Bone 2023; 177:116891. [PMID: 37660938 PMCID: PMC10591883 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2023.116891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Severe osteoporosis is often treated with one of three Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved osteoanabolics. These drugs act by (1) parathyroid hormone (PTH) receptor stimulation using analogues to PTH (teriparatide) or PTH-related peptide (abaloparatide) or by (2) monoclonal antibody neutralization of sclerostin, an innate Wnt inhibitor (Scl-mAb, romosozumab-aqqg). The efficacies of both strategies wane over time. The transcription factor Nmp4 (Nuclear Matrix Protein 4) is expressed in all tissues yet mice lacking this gene are healthy and exhibit enhanced PTH-induced bone formation. Conditional deletion of Nmp4 in mesenchymal stem progenitor cells (MSPCs) phenocopies the elevated response to PTH in global Nmp4-/- mice. However, targeted deletion in later osteoblast stages does not replicate this response. In this study we queried whether loss of Nmp4 improves Scl-mAb potency. Experimental cohorts included global Nmp4-/- and Nmp4+/+ littermates and three conditional knockout models. Nmp4-floxed (Nmp4fl/fl) mice were crossed with mice harboring one of three Cre-drivers (i) Prx1Cre+ targeting MSPCs, (ii) BglapCre+ (mature osteocalcin-expressing osteoblasts), and (iii) Dmp1Cre+ (osteocytes). Female mice were treated with Scl-mAb or 0.9 % saline vehicle for 4 or 7 weeks from 10 weeks of age. Skeletal response was assessed using micro-computed tomography, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, bone histomorphometry, and serum analysis. Global Nmp4-/- mice exhibited enhanced Scl-mAb-induced increases in trabecular bone in the femur and spine and a heightened increase in whole body areal bone mineral density compared to global Nmp4+/+ controls. This improved Scl-mAb potency was primarily driven by enhanced increases in bone formation. Nmp4fl/fl;PrxCre+ mice showed an exaggerated Scl-mAb-induced increase in femoral bone but not in the spine since Prrx1 is not expressed in vertebra. The Nmp4fl/fl;BglapCre+ and Nmp4fl/fl;Dmp1Cre+ mice did not exhibit an improved Scl-mAb response. We conclude that Nmp4 expression in MSPCs interferes with the bone anabolic response to anti-sclerostin therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crystal Korff
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine (IUSM), Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Michele Adaway
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, & Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine (IUSM), Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Richard L. Roudebush Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Emily G Atkinson
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, & Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine (IUSM), Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Daniel J Horan
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, & Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine (IUSM), Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Richard L. Roudebush Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Angela Klunk
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, IUSM, USA
| | - Brandy Suarez Silva
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, & Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine (IUSM), Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Teresita Bellido
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences (UAMS), Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Lilian I Plotkin
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, & Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine (IUSM), Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Richard L. Roudebush Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, IUSM, USA
| | - Alexander G Robling
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, & Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine (IUSM), Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Richard L. Roudebush Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, IUSM, USA
| | - Joseph P Bidwell
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, & Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine (IUSM), Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, IUSM, USA.
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7
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Yuxiong W, Faping L, Bin L, Yanghe Z, Yao L, Yunkuo L, Yishu W, Honglan Z. Regulatory mechanisms of the cAMP-responsive element binding protein 3 (CREB3) family in cancers. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 166:115335. [PMID: 37595431 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The CREB3 family of proteins, encompassing CREB3 and its four homologs (CREB3L1, CREB3L2, CREB3L3, and CREB3L4), exerts pivotal control over cellular protein metabolism in response to unfolded protein reactions. Under conditions of endoplasmic reticulum stress, activation of the CREB3 family occurs through regulated intramembrane proteolysis within the endoplasmic reticulum membrane. Perturbations in the function and expression of the CREB3 family have been closely associated with the development of diverse diseases, with a particular emphasis on cancer. Recent investigations have shed light on the indispensable role played by CREB3 family members in modulating the onset and progression of various human cancers. This comprehensive review endeavors to provide an in-depth examination of the involvement of CREB3 family members in distinct human cancer types, accentuating their significance in the pathogenesis of cancer and the manifestation of malignant phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Yuxiong
- Department of Urology II, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130011, China
| | - Li Faping
- Department of Urology II, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130011, China
| | - Liu Bin
- Department of Urology II, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130011, China
| | - Zhang Yanghe
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130011, China
| | - Li Yao
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130011, China
| | - Li Yunkuo
- Department of Urology II, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130011, China
| | - Wang Yishu
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130011, China.
| | - Zhou Honglan
- Department of Urology II, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130011, China,.
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8
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Korff C, Atkinson E, Adaway M, Klunk A, Wek RC, Vashishth D, Wallace JM, Anderson-Baucum EK, Evans-Molina C, Robling AG, Bidwell JP. NMP4, an Arbiter of Bone Cell Secretory Capacity and Regulator of Skeletal Response to PTH Therapy. Calcif Tissue Int 2023; 113:110-125. [PMID: 37147466 PMCID: PMC10330242 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-023-01088-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The skeleton is a secretory organ, and the goal of some osteoporosis therapies is to maximize bone matrix output. Nmp4 encodes a novel transcription factor that regulates bone cell secretion as part of its functional repertoire. Loss of Nmp4 enhances bone response to osteoanabolic therapy, in part, by increasing the production and delivery of bone matrix. Nmp4 shares traits with scaling factors, which are transcription factors that influence the expression of hundreds of genes to govern proteome allocation for establishing secretory cell infrastructure and capacity. Nmp4 is expressed in all tissues and while global loss of this gene leads to no overt baseline phenotype, deletion of Nmp4 has broad tissue effects in mice challenged with certain stressors. In addition to an enhanced response to osteoporosis therapies, Nmp4-deficient mice are less sensitive to high fat diet-induced weight gain and insulin resistance, exhibit a reduced disease severity in response to influenza A virus (IAV) infection, and resist the development of some forms of rheumatoid arthritis. In this review, we present the current understanding of the mechanisms underlying Nmp4 regulation of the skeletal response to osteoanabolics, and we discuss how this unique gene contributes to the diverse phenotypes among different tissues and stresses. An emerging theme is that Nmp4 is important for the infrastructure and capacity of secretory cells that are critical for health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crystal Korff
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine (IUSM), Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Emily Atkinson
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, IUSM, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Michele Adaway
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, IUSM, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Angela Klunk
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, IUSM, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Ronald C Wek
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, IUSM, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Deepak Vashishth
- Center for Biotechnology & Interdisciplinary Studies and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA
| | - Joseph M Wallace
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University-Purdue University at Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, IUSM, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Emily K Anderson-Baucum
- Department of Pediatrics and the Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, IUSM, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Carmella Evans-Molina
- Department of Pediatrics and the Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, IUSM, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Disease and the Wells Center for Pediatric Research, IUSM, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- Department of Medicine, IUSM, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Alexander G Robling
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, IUSM, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, IUSM, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Joseph P Bidwell
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, IUSM, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, IUSM, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
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9
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Atkinson EG, Adaway M, Horan DJ, Korff C, Klunk A, Orr AL, Ratz K, Bellido T, Plotkin LI, Robling AG, Bidwell JP. Conditional Loss of Nmp4 in Mesenchymal Stem Progenitor Cells Enhances PTH-Induced Bone Formation. J Bone Miner Res 2023; 38:70-85. [PMID: 36321253 PMCID: PMC9825665 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Activation of bone anabolic pathways is a fruitful approach for treating severe osteoporosis, yet FDA-approved osteoanabolics, eg, parathyroid hormone (PTH), have limited efficacy. Improving their potency is a promising strategy for maximizing bone anabolic output. Nmp4 (Nuclear Matrix Protein 4) global knockout mice exhibit enhanced PTH-induced increases in trabecular bone but display no overt baseline skeletal phenotype. Nmp4 is expressed in all tissues; therefore, to determine which cell type is responsible for driving the beneficial effects of Nmp4 inhibition, we conditionally removed this gene from cells at distinct stages of osteogenic differentiation. Nmp4-floxed (Nmp4fl/fl ) mice were crossed with mice bearing one of three Cre drivers including (i) Prx1Cre+ to remove Nmp4 from mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells (MSPCs) in long bones; (ii) BglapCre+ targeting mature osteoblasts, and (iii) Dmp1Cre+ to disable Nmp4 in osteocytes. Virgin female Cre+ and Cre- mice (10 weeks of age) were sorted into cohorts by weight and genotype. Mice were administered daily injections of either human PTH 1-34 at 30 μg/kg or vehicle for 4 weeks or 7 weeks. Skeletal response was assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, micro-computed tomography, bone histomorphometry, and serum analysis for remodeling markers. Nmp4fl/fl ;Prx1Cre+ mice virtually phenocopied the global Nmp4-/- skeleton in the femur, ie, a mild baseline phenotype but significantly enhanced PTH-induced increase in femur trabecular bone volume/total volume (BV/TV) compared with their Nmp4fl/fl ;Prx1Cre- controls. This was not observed in the spine, where Prrx1 is not expressed. Heightened response to PTH was coincident with enhanced bone formation. Conditional loss of Nmp4 from the mature osteoblasts (Nmp4fl/fl ;BglapCre+ ) failed to increase BV/TV or enhance PTH response. However, conditional disabling of Nmp4 in osteocytes (Nmp4fl/fl ;Dmp1Cre+ ) increased BV/TV without boosting response to hormone under our experimental regimen. We conclude that Nmp4-/- Prx1-expressing MSPCs drive the improved response to PTH therapy and that this gene has stage-specific effects on osteoanabolism. © 2022 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily G. Atkinson
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, & Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine (IUSM), Indianapolis, IN 46202
| | - Michele Adaway
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, & Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine (IUSM), Indianapolis, IN 46202
| | - Daniel J. Horan
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, & Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine (IUSM), Indianapolis, IN 46202
- Richard L. Roudebush Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | | | - Angela Klunk
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, & Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine (IUSM), Indianapolis, IN 46202
| | - Ashley L. Orr
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, & Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine (IUSM), Indianapolis, IN 46202
- Present Address: Division of Biomedical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Marian University Indianapolis, IN 46222
| | - Katherine Ratz
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, & Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine (IUSM), Indianapolis, IN 46202
- Present Address: Division of Biomedical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Marian University Indianapolis, IN 46222
| | - Teresita Bellido
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences (UAMS), Little Rock, AR 72205
- Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Little Rock, AR 72205
| | - Lilian I. Plotkin
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, & Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine (IUSM), Indianapolis, IN 46202
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, IUSM
| | - Alexander G. Robling
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, & Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine (IUSM), Indianapolis, IN 46202
- Richard L. Roudebush Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, IUSM
| | - Joseph P. Bidwell
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, & Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine (IUSM), Indianapolis, IN 46202
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, IUSM
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10
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Pittari D, Dalla Torre M, Borini E, Hummel B, Sawarkar R, Semino C, van Anken E, Panina-Bordignon P, Sitia R, Anelli T. CREB3L1 and CREB3L2 control Golgi remodelling during decidualization of endometrial stromal cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:986997. [PMID: 36313580 PMCID: PMC9608648 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.986997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Upon progesterone stimulation, Endometrial Stromal Cells (EnSCs) undergo a differentiation program into secretory cells (decidualization) to release in abundance factors crucial for embryo implantation. We previously demonstrated that decidualization requires massive reshaping of the secretory pathway and, in particular, of the Golgi complex. To decipher the underlying mechanisms, we performed a time-course transcriptomic analysis of in vitro decidualizing EnSC. Pathway analysis shows that Gene Ontology terms associated with vesicular trafficking and early secretory pathway compartments are the most represented among those enriched for upregulated genes. Among these, we identified a cluster of co-regulated genes that share CREB3L1 and CREB3L2 binding elements in their promoter regions. Indeed, both CREB3L1 and CREB3L2 transcription factors are up-regulated during decidualization. Simultaneous downregulation of CREB3L1 and CREB3L2 impairs Golgi enlargement, and causes dramatic changes in decidualizing EnSC, including Golgi fragmentation, collagen accumulation in dilated Endoplasmic Reticulum cisternae, and overall decreased protein secretion. Thus, both CREB3L1 and CREB3L2 are required for Golgi reshaping and efficient protein secretion, and, as such, for successful decidualization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Pittari
- Faculty of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Dalla Torre
- Faculty of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Borini
- Faculty of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Barbara Hummel
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ritwick Sawarkar
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
- Medical Research Council (MRC), University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Claudia Semino
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Eelco van Anken
- Faculty of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Panina-Bordignon
- Faculty of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
- Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Sitia
- Faculty of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Tiziana Anelli
- Faculty of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
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11
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Shrestha S, Erikson G, Lyon J, Spigelman AF, Bautista A, Manning Fox JE, dos Santos C, Shokhirev M, Cartailler JP, Hetzer MW, MacDonald PE, Arrojo e Drigo R. Aging compromises human islet beta cell function and identity by decreasing transcription factor activity and inducing ER stress. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabo3932. [PMID: 36197983 PMCID: PMC9534504 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abo3932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic islet beta cells are essential for maintaining glucose homeostasis. To understand the impact of aging on beta cells, we performed meta-analysis of single-cell RNA sequencing datasets, transcription factor (TF) regulon analysis, high-resolution confocal microscopy, and measured insulin secretion from nondiabetic donors spanning most of the human life span. This revealed the range of molecular and functional changes that occur during beta cell aging, including the transcriptional deregulation that associates with cellular immaturity and reorganization of beta cell TF networks, increased gene transcription rates, and reduced glucose-stimulated insulin release. These alterations associate with activation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and autophagy pathways. We propose that a chronic state of ER stress undermines old beta cell structure function to increase the risk of beta cell failure and type 2 diabetes onset as humans age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shristi Shrestha
- Creative Data Solutions, Vanderbilt Center for Stem Cell Biology, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Galina Erikson
- Integrative Genomics and Bioinformatics Core, Salk Institute of Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - James Lyon
- Department of Pharmacology and Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G2E1, Canada
| | - Aliya F. Spigelman
- Department of Pharmacology and Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G2E1, Canada
| | - Austin Bautista
- Department of Pharmacology and Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G2E1, Canada
| | - Jocelyn E. Manning Fox
- Department of Pharmacology and Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G2E1, Canada
| | - Cristiane dos Santos
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Maxim Shokhirev
- Integrative Genomics and Bioinformatics Core, Salk Institute of Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | | | - Martin W. Hetzer
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute of Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Patrick E. MacDonald
- Department of Pharmacology and Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G2E1, Canada
| | - Rafael Arrojo e Drigo
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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12
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Yao H, Xie W, Dai Y, Liu Y, Gu W, Li J, Wu L, Xie J, Rui W, Ren B, Xue L, Cheng Y, Lin S, Li C, Tang H, Wang Y, Lou M, Zhang X, Hu R, Shang H, Huang J, Wu ZB. TRIM65 determines the fate of a novel subtype of pituitary neuroendocrine tumors via ubiquitination and degradation of TPIT. Neuro Oncol 2022; 24:1286-1297. [PMID: 35218667 PMCID: PMC9340636 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noac053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNETs) are common intracranial tumors that are classified into seven histological subtypes, including lactotroph, somatotroph, corticotroph, thyrotroph, gonadotroph, null cell, and plurihormonal PitNETs. However, the molecular characteristics of these types of PitNETs are not completely clear. METHODS A total of 180 consecutive cases of PitNETs were collected to perform RNA sequencing. All subtypes of PitNETs were distinguished by unsupervised clustering analysis. We investigated the regulation of TPIT by TRIM65 and its effects on ACTH production and secretion in ACTH-secreting pituitary cell lines, as well as in murine models using biochemical analyses, confocal microscopy, and luciferase reporter assays. RESULTS A novel subtype of PitNETs derived from TPIT lineage cells was identified as with normal TPIT transcription but with lowered protein expression. Furthermore, for the first time, TRIM65 was identified as the E3 ubiquitin ligase of TPIT. Depending on the RING domain, TRIM65 ubiquitinated and degraded the TPIT protein at multiple Lys sites. In addition, TRIM65-mediated ubiquitination of TPIT inhibited POMC transcription and ACTH production to determine the fate of the novel subtype of PitNETs in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSION Our studies provided a novel classification of PitNETs and revealed that the TRIM65-TPIT complex controlled the fate of the novel subtype of PitNETs, which provides a potential therapy target for Cushing's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Yao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center of Pituitary Tumor, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wanqun Xie
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center of Pituitary Tumor, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuting Dai
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanting Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center of Pituitary Tumor, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiting Gu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center of Pituitary Tumor, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianfeng Li
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Liang Wu
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Xie
- Department of Pathology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiwei Rui
- Department of Pathology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bohan Ren
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Li Xue
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center of Pituitary Tumor, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yijun Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center of Pituitary Tumor, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shaojian Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center of Pituitary Tumor, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Changsheng Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center of Pituitary Tumor, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center of Pituitary Tumor, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Meiqing Lou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaobiao Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ronggui Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai,China
| | - Hanbing Shang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center of Pituitary Tumor, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinyan Huang
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhe Bao Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center of Pituitary Tumor, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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13
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Drouin J. The corticotroph cells from early development to tumorigenesis. J Neuroendocrinol 2022; 34:e13147. [PMID: 35524583 DOI: 10.1111/jne.13147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
During development, highly specialized differentiated cells, such as pituitary secretory cells, acquire their identity and properties through a series of specification events exerted by transcription factors to implement a unique gene expression program and epigenomic state. The investigation of these developmental processes informs us on the unique features of a cell lineage, both to explain these features and also to outline where these processes may fail and cause disease. This review summarizes present knowledge on the developmental origin of pituitary corticotroph and melanotroph cells and on the underlying molecular mechanisms. At the onset, comparison of gene expression programs active in pituitary progenitors compared to those active in differentiated corticotrophs or melanotrophs indicated dramatic differences in the control of, for example, the cell cycle. Tpit is the transcription factor that determines terminal differentiation of pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) lineages, both corticotrophs and melanotrophs, and its action involves this switch in cell cycle control in parallel with activation of cell-specific gene expression. There is thus far more to making a corticotroph cell than just activating transcription of the POMC gene. Indeed, Tpit also controls implementation of mechanisms for enhanced protein translation capacity and development of extensive secretory organelles. The corticotroph cell identity also includes mechanisms responsible for homotypic cell-cell interactions between corticotrophs and for privileged heterotypic cell interactions with pituitary cells of other lineages. The review also summarizes current knowledge on how a pioneer transcription factor, Pax7, remodels the epigenome such that the same determination transcription factor, Tpit, will implement the melanotroph program of gene expression. Finally, this canvas of regulatory mechanisms implementing POMC lineage identities constitutes the background to understand alterations that characterize corticotroph adenomas of Cushing's disease patients. The integration of all these data into a unified scheme will likely yield a scheme to globally understand pathogenic mechanisms in Cushing's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacques Drouin
- Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal, Laboratoire de génétique moléculaire, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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14
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Systematic identification of cell-fate regulatory programs using a single-cell atlas of mouse development. Nat Genet 2022; 54:1051-1061. [PMID: 35817981 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-022-01118-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Waddington's epigenetic landscape is a metaphor frequently used to illustrate cell differentiation. Recent advances in single-cell genomics are altering our understanding of the Waddington landscape, yet the molecular mechanisms of cell-fate decisions remain poorly understood. We constructed a cell landscape of mouse lineage differentiation during development at the single-cell level and described both lineage-common and lineage-specific regulatory programs during cell-type maturation. We also found lineage-common regulatory programs that are broadly active during the development of invertebrates and vertebrates. In particular, we identified Xbp1 as an evolutionarily conserved regulator of cell-fate determinations across different species. We demonstrated that Xbp1 transcriptional regulation is important for the stabilization of the gene-regulatory networks for a wide range of mouse cell types. Our results offer genetic and molecular insights into cellular gene-regulatory programs and will serve as a basis for further advancing the understanding of cell-fate decisions.
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15
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Su Z, Monshaugen I, Wilson B, Wang F, Klungland A, Ougland R, Dutta A. TRMT6/61A-dependent base methylation of tRNA-derived fragments regulates gene-silencing activity and the unfolded protein response in bladder cancer. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2165. [PMID: 35444240 PMCID: PMC9021294 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29790-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
RNA modifications are important regulatory elements of RNA functions. However, most genome-wide mapping of RNA modifications has focused on messenger RNAs and transfer RNAs, but such datasets have been lacking for small RNAs. Here we mapped N1-methyladenosine (m1A) in the cellular small RNA space. Benchmarked with synthetic m1A RNAs, our workflow identified specific groups of m1A-containing small RNAs, which are otherwise disproportionally under-represented. In particular, 22-nucleotides long 3' tRNA-fragments are highly enriched for TRMT6/61A-dependent m1A located within the seed region. TRMT6/61A-dependent m1A negatively affects gene silencing by tRF-3s. In urothelial carcinoma of the bladder, where TRMT6/61A is over-expressed, higher m1A modification on tRFs is detected, correlated with a dysregulation of tRF targetome. Lastly, TRMT6/61A regulates tRF-3 targets involved in unfolded protein response. Together, our results reveal a mechanism of regulating gene expression via base modification of small RNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhangli Su
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22901, USA
| | - Ida Monshaugen
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, 0372, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, 0317, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Surgery, Baerum Hospital Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, 1346, Gjettum, Norway
| | - Briana Wilson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22901, USA
| | - Fengbin Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22901, USA
| | - Arne Klungland
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, 0372, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, P.O. 10 Box 1066 Blindern, 0316, Oslo, Norway
| | - Rune Ougland
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, 0372, Oslo, Norway.
- Department of Surgery, Baerum Hospital Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, 1346, Gjettum, Norway.
| | - Anindya Dutta
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22901, USA.
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16
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Loganathan R, Levings DC, Kim JH, Wells MB, Chiu H, Wu Y, Slattery M, Andrew DJ. Ribbon boosts ribosomal protein gene expression to coordinate organ form and function. J Cell Biol 2022; 221:213030. [PMID: 35195669 PMCID: PMC9237840 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202110073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell growth is well defined for late (postembryonic) stages of development, but evidence for early (embryonic) cell growth during postmitotic morphogenesis is limited. Here, we report early cell growth as a key characteristic of tubulogenesis in the Drosophila embryonic salivary gland (SG) and trachea. A BTB/POZ domain nuclear factor, Ribbon (Rib), mediates this early cell growth. Rib binds the transcription start site of nearly every SG-expressed ribosomal protein gene (RPG) and is required for full expression of all RPGs tested. Rib binding to RPG promoters in vitro is weak and not sequence specific, suggesting that specificity is achieved through cofactor interactions. Accordingly, we demonstrate Rib’s ability to physically interact with each of the three known regulators of RPG transcription. Surprisingly, Rib-dependent early cell growth in another tubular organ, the embryonic trachea, is not mediated by direct RPG transcription. These findings support a model of early cell growth customized by transcriptional regulatory networks to coordinate organ form and function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel C Levings
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth, MN
| | - Ji Hoon Kim
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Michael B Wells
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Hannah Chiu
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Yifan Wu
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Matthew Slattery
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth, MN
| | - Deborah J Andrew
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
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17
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Rohli KE, Boyer CK, Blom SE, Stephens SB. Nutrient Regulation of Pancreatic Islet β-Cell Secretory Capacity and Insulin Production. Biomolecules 2022; 12:335. [PMID: 35204835 PMCID: PMC8869698 DOI: 10.3390/biom12020335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic islet β-cells exhibit tremendous plasticity for secretory adaptations that coordinate insulin production and release with nutritional demands. This essential feature of the β-cell can allow for compensatory changes that increase secretory output to overcome insulin resistance early in Type 2 diabetes (T2D). Nutrient-stimulated increases in proinsulin biosynthesis may initiate this β-cell adaptive compensation; however, the molecular regulators of secretory expansion that accommodate the increased biosynthetic burden of packaging and producing additional insulin granules, such as enhanced ER and Golgi functions, remain poorly defined. As these adaptive mechanisms fail and T2D progresses, the β-cell succumbs to metabolic defects resulting in alterations to glucose metabolism and a decline in nutrient-regulated secretory functions, including impaired proinsulin processing and a deficit in mature insulin-containing secretory granules. In this review, we will discuss how the adaptative plasticity of the pancreatic islet β-cell's secretory program allows insulin production to be carefully matched with nutrient availability and peripheral cues for insulin signaling. Furthermore, we will highlight potential defects in the secretory pathway that limit or delay insulin granule biosynthesis, which may contribute to the decline in β-cell function during the pathogenesis of T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen E. Rohli
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; (K.E.R.); (C.K.B.); (S.E.B.)
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Cierra K. Boyer
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; (K.E.R.); (C.K.B.); (S.E.B.)
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Sandra E. Blom
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; (K.E.R.); (C.K.B.); (S.E.B.)
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Samuel B. Stephens
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; (K.E.R.); (C.K.B.); (S.E.B.)
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
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18
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Thomas T, Khalaf S, Grigorenko EL. A systematic review and meta-analysis of imaging genetics studies of specific reading disorder. Cogn Neuropsychol 2021; 38:179-204. [PMID: 34529546 DOI: 10.1080/02643294.2021.1969900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The imaging genetics of specific reading disabilities (SRD) is an emerging field that aims to characterize the disabilities' neurobiological causes, including atypical brain structure and function and distinct genetic architecture. The present review aimed to summarize current imaging genetics studies of SRD, characterize the effect sizes of reported results by calculating Cohen's d, complete a Fisher's Combined Probability Test for genes featured in multiple studies, and determine areas for future research. Results demonstrate associations between SRD risk genes and reading network brain phenotypes. The Fisher's test revealed promising results for the genes DCDC2, KIAA0319, FOXP2, SLC2A3, and ROBO1. Future research should focus on exploratory approaches to identify previously undiscovered genes. Using comprehensive neuroimaging (e.g., functional and effective connectivity) and genetic (e.g., sequencing and epigenetic) techniques, and using larger samples, diverse stages of development, and longitudinal investigations, would help researchers understand the neurobiological correlates of SRD to improve early identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Thomas
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA.,Texas Institute for Measurement, Evaluation, and Statistics, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Shiva Khalaf
- Texas Institute for Measurement, Evaluation, and Statistics, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Elena L Grigorenko
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA.,Texas Institute for Measurement, Evaluation, and Statistics, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA.,Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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19
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Pelletier A, Mayran A, Gouhier A, Omichinski JG, Balsalobre A, Drouin J. Pax7 pioneer factor action requires both paired and homeo DNA binding domains. Nucleic Acids Res 2021; 49:7424-7436. [PMID: 34197620 PMCID: PMC8287922 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkab561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The pioneer transcription factor Pax7 contains two DNA binding domains (DBD), a paired and a homeo domain. Previous work on Pax7 and the related Pax3 showed that each DBD binds a cognate DNA sequence, thus defining two targets of binding and possibly modalities of action. Genomic targets of Pax7 pioneer action leading to chromatin opening are enriched for composite DNA target sites containing juxtaposed sites for both paired and homeo domains. The present work investigated the implication of the DBDs in pioneer action. We show that the composite sequence is a higher affinity binding site and that efficient binding to this site involves both DBDs of the same Pax7 molecule. This binding is not sensitive to cytosine methylation of the DNA sites consistent with pioneer action within nucleosomal heterochromatin. Introduction of single amino acid mutations in either paired or homeo domain that impair binding to cognate DNA sequences showed that both DBDs must be intact for pioneer action. In contrast, only the paired domain is required for low affinity binding of heterochromatin sites. Thus, Pax7 pioneer action on heterochromatin requires unique protein:DNA interactions that are more complex compared to its simpler DNA binding modalities at accessible enhancer target sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Pelletier
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montréal QC H2W 1R7, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculté of Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Alexandre Mayran
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montréal QC H2W 1R7, Canada.,EPFL SV ISREC UPDUB, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Arthur Gouhier
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montréal QC H2W 1R7, Canada
| | - James G Omichinski
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculté of Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Aurelio Balsalobre
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montréal QC H2W 1R7, Canada
| | - Jacques Drouin
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montréal QC H2W 1R7, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculté of Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal H3C 3J7, Canada
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20
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Johnson DM, Wells MB, Fox R, Lee JS, Loganathan R, Levings D, Bastien A, Slattery M, Andrew DJ. CrebA increases secretory capacity through direct transcriptional regulation of the secretory machinery, a subset of secretory cargo, and other key regulators. Traffic 2021; 21:560-577. [PMID: 32613751 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Specialization of many cells, including the acinar cells of the salivary glands and pancreas, milk-producing cells of mammary glands, mucus-secreting goblet cells, antibody-producing plasma cells, and cells that generate the dense extracellular matrices of bone and cartilage, requires scaling up both secretory machinery and cell-type specific secretory cargo. Using tissue-specific genome-scale analyses, we determine how increases in secretory capacity are coordinated with increases in secretory load in the Drosophila salivary gland (SG), an ideal model for gaining mechanistic insight into the functional specialization of secretory organs. Our findings show that CrebA, a bZIP transcription factor, directly binds genes encoding the core secretory machinery, including protein components of the signal recognition particle and receptor, ER cargo translocators, Cop I and Cop II vesicles, as well as the structural proteins and enzymes of these organelles. CrebA directly binds a subset of SG cargo genes and CrebA binds and boosts expression of Sage, a SG-specific transcription factor essential for cargo expression. To further enhance secretory output, CrebA binds and activates Xbp1 and Tudor-SN. Thus, CrebA directly upregulates the machinery of secretion and additional factors to increase overall secretory capacity in professional secretory cells; concomitant increases in cargo are achieved both directly and indirectly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothy M Johnson
- The Department of Cell Biology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Michael B Wells
- The Department of Cell Biology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Rebecca Fox
- The Department of Cell Biology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Joslynn S Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth, Minnesota, USA
| | - Rajprasad Loganathan
- The Department of Cell Biology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Daniel Levings
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth, Minnesota, USA
| | - Abigail Bastien
- The Department of Cell Biology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Matthew Slattery
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth, Minnesota, USA
| | - Deborah J Andrew
- The Department of Cell Biology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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21
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Daly AZ, Dudley LA, Peel MT, Liebhaber SA, Parker SCJ, Camper SA. Multi-omic profiling of pituitary thyrotropic cells and progenitors. BMC Biol 2021; 19:76. [PMID: 33858413 PMCID: PMC8051135 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-021-01009-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pituitary gland is a neuroendocrine organ containing diverse cell types specialized in secreting hormones that regulate physiology. Pituitary thyrotropes produce thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), a critical factor for growth and maintenance of metabolism. The transcription factors POU1F1 and GATA2 have been implicated in thyrotrope fate, but the transcriptomic and epigenomic landscapes of these neuroendocrine cells have not been characterized. The goal of this work was to discover transcriptional regulatory elements that drive thyrotrope fate. RESULTS We identified the transcription factors and epigenomic changes in chromatin that are associated with differentiation of POU1F1-expressing progenitors into thyrotropes using cell lines that represent an undifferentiated Pou1f1 lineage progenitor (GHF-T1) and a committed thyrotrope line that produces TSH (TαT1). We compared RNA-seq, ATAC-seq, histone modification (H3K27Ac, H3K4Me1, and H3K27Me3), and POU1F1 binding in these cell lines. POU1F1 binding sites are commonly associated with bZIP transcription factor consensus binding sites in GHF-T1 cells and Helix-Turn-Helix (HTH) or basic Helix-Loop-Helix (bHLH) factors in TαT1 cells, suggesting that these classes of transcription factors may recruit or cooperate with POU1F1 binding at unique sites. We validated enhancer function of novel elements we mapped near Cga, Pitx1, Gata2, and Tshb by transfection in TαT1 cells. Finally, we confirmed that an enhancer element near Tshb can drive expression in thyrotropes of transgenic mice, and we demonstrate that GATA2 enhances Tshb expression through this element. CONCLUSION These results extend the ENCODE multi-omic profiling approach to the pituitary gland, which should be valuable for understanding pituitary development and disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Z Daly
- Department Human Genetics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Lindsey A Dudley
- Department Human Genetics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Michael T Peel
- Department Genetics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.,Incyte, Wilmington, DE, 19803, USA
| | - Stephen A Liebhaber
- Department Human Genetics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.,Department Genetics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Stephen C J Parker
- Department Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Sally A Camper
- Department Human Genetics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
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22
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Control of Protein and Energy Metabolism in the Pituitary Gland in Response to Three-Week Running Training in Adult Male Mice. Cells 2021; 10:cells10040736. [PMID: 33810540 PMCID: PMC8065971 DOI: 10.3390/cells10040736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
It is assumed that crosstalk of central and peripheral tissues plays a role in the adaptive response to physical activity and exercise. Here, we wanted to study the effects of training and genetic predisposition in a marathon mouse model on mRNA expression in the pituitary gland. Therefore, we used a mouse model developed by phenotype selection for superior running performance (DUhTP) and non-inbred control mice (DUC). Both mouse lines underwent treadmill training for three weeks or were kept in a sedentary condition. In all groups, total RNA was isolated from the pituitary gland and sequenced. Molecular pathway analysis was performed by ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA). Training induced differential expression of 637 genes (DEGs) in DUC but only 50 DEGs in DUhTP mice. Genetic selection for enhanced running performance strongly affected gene expression in the pituitary gland and identified 1732 DEGs in sedentary DUC versus DUhTP mice. Training appeared to have an even stronger effect on gene expression in both lines and comparatively revealed 3828 DEGs in the pituitary gland. From the list of DEGs in all experimental groups, candidate genes were extracted by comparison with published genomic regions with significant effects on training responses in mice. Bioinformatic modeling revealed induction and coordinated expression of the pathways for ribosome synthesis and oxidative phosphorylation in DUC mice. By contrast, DUhTP mice were resistant to the positive effects of three-week training on protein and energy metabolism in the pituitary gland.
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23
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Loganathan R, Kim JH, Wells MB, Andrew DJ. Secrets of secretion-How studies of the Drosophila salivary gland have informed our understanding of the cellular networks underlying secretory organ form and function. Curr Top Dev Biol 2020; 143:1-36. [PMID: 33820619 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2020.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Secretory organs are critical for organismal survival. Yet, the transcriptional regulatory mechanisms governing their development and maintenance remain unclear for most model secretory organs. The Drosophila embryonic salivary gland (SG) remedies this deficiency as one of the few organs wherein direct connections from the expression of the early patterning genes to cell specification to organ architecture and functional specialization can be made. Few other models of secretion can be accorded this distinction. Studies from the past three decades have made enormous strides in parsing out the roles of distinct transcription factors (TFs) that direct major steps in furnishing this secretory organ. In the first step of specifying the salivary gland, the activity of the Hox factors Sex combs reduced, Extradenticle, and Homothorax activate expression of fork head (fkh), sage, and CrebA, which code for the major suite of TFs that carry forward the task of organ building and maintenance. Then, in the second key step of building the SG, the program for cell fate maintenance and morphogenesis is deployed. Fkh maintains the secretory cell fate by regulating its own expression and that of sage and CrebA. Fkh and Sage maintain secretory cell viability by actively blocking apoptotic cell death. Fkh, along with two other TFs, Hkb and Rib, also coordinates organ morphogenesis, transforming two plates of precursor cells on the embryo surface into elongated internalized epithelial tubes. Acquisition of functional specialization, the third key step, is mediated by CrebA and Fkh working in concert with Sage and yet another TF, Sens. CrebA directly upregulates expression of all of the components of the secretory machinery as well as other genes (e.g., Xbp1) necessary for managing the physiological stress that inexorably accompanies high secretory load. Secretory cargo specificity is controlled by Sage and Sens in collaboration with Fkh. Investigations have also uncovered roles for various signaling pathways, e.g., Dpp signaling, EGF signaling, GPCR signaling, and cytoskeletal signaling, and their interactions within the gene regulatory networks that specify, build, and specialize the SG. Collectively, studies of the SG have expanded our knowledge of secretory dynamics, cell polarity, and cytoskeletal mechanics in the context of organ development and function. Notably, the embryonic SG has made the singular contribution as a model system that revealed the core function of CrebA in scaling up secretory capacity, thus, serving as the pioneer system in which the conserved roles of the mammalian Creb3/3L-family orthologues were first discovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajprasad Loganathan
- Department of Cell Biology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Ji Hoon Kim
- Department of Cell Biology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Michael B Wells
- Idaho College of Osteopathic Medicine, Meridian, ID, United States
| | - Deborah J Andrew
- Department of Cell Biology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.
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24
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Distinct Pattern of Endoplasmic Reticulum Protein Processing and Extracellular Matrix Proteins in Functioning and Silent Corticotroph Pituitary Adenomas. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12102980. [PMID: 33066652 PMCID: PMC7650558 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12102980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Corticotroph pituitary adenomas present a spectrum of functionality regarding hormonal production, ranging from functioning to silent tumors. Moreover, they show different invasiveness and recurrent behavior profiles, the silent being considered an aggressive type of adenomas. Through analyses of global transcriptome and proteome, we show that both groups expressed genes and protein related to protein synthesis and vesicular transport, and present a distinct pattern of collagen/ extracellular matrix proteins. Endoplasmic reticulum protein processing is a key factor for hormone production in functioning corticotroph adenomas. Furthermore, a distinct cell adhesion profile in silent corticotroph adenomas may explain the aggressive behavior. Together, our findings shed light on the different repertoires of activated signaling pathways in corticotroph pituitary adenomas and may reveal new potential medical targets. Abstract Functioning (FCA) and silent corticotroph (SCA) pituitary adenomas act differently from a clinical perspective, despite both subtypes showing positive TBX19 (TPIT) and/or adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) staining by immunohistochemistry. They are challenging to treat, the former due to functional ACTH production and consequently hypercortisolemia, and the latter due to invasive and recurrent behavior. Moreover, the molecular mechanisms behind their distinct behavior are not clear. We investigated global transcriptome and proteome changes in order to identify signaling pathways that can explain FCA and SCA differences (e.g., hormone production vs. aggressive growth). In the transcriptomic study, cluster analyses of differentially expressed genes revealed two distinct groups in accordance with clinical and histological classification. However, in the proteomic study, a greater degree of heterogeneity within the SCA group was found. Genes and proteins related to protein synthesis and vesicular transport were expressed by both adenoma groups, although different types and a distinct pattern of collagen/extracellular matrix proteins were presented by each group. Moreover, several genes related to endoplasmic reticulum protein processing were overexpressed in the FCA group. Together, our findings shed light on the different repertoires of activated signaling pathways in corticotroph adenomas, namely, the increased protein processing capacity of FCA and a specific pattern of adhesion molecules that may play a role in the aggressiveness of SCA.
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25
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Cheng LC, Zheng D, Baljinnyam E, Sun F, Ogami K, Yeung PL, Hoque M, Lu CW, Manley JL, Tian B. Widespread transcript shortening through alternative polyadenylation in secretory cell differentiation. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3182. [PMID: 32576858 PMCID: PMC7311474 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16959-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Most eukaryotic genes produce alternative polyadenylation (APA) isoforms. Here we report that, unlike previously characterized cell lineages, differentiation of syncytiotrophoblast (SCT), a cell type critical for hormone production and secretion during pregnancy, elicits widespread transcript shortening through APA in 3'UTRs and in introns. This global APA change is observed in multiple in vitro trophoblast differentiation models, and in single cells from placentas at different stages of pregnancy. Strikingly, the transcript shortening is unrelated to cell proliferation, a feature previously associated with APA control, but instead accompanies increased secretory functions. We show that 3'UTR shortening leads to transcripts with higher mRNA stability, which augments transcriptional activation, especially for genes involved in secretion. Moreover, this mechanism, named secretion-coupled APA (SCAP), is also executed in B cell differentiation to plasma cells. Together, our data indicate that SCAP tailors the transcriptome during formation of secretory cells, boosting their protein production and secretion capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larry C Cheng
- Graduate Program in Quantitative Biomedicine, School of Graduate Studies, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
- Program in Gene Expression and Regulation, and Center for Systems and Computational Biology, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Dinghai Zheng
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Erdene Baljinnyam
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Fangzheng Sun
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Koichi Ogami
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, 467-8603, Japan
| | - Percy Luk Yeung
- Robert Wood Johnson Medical School and Child Health Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Mainul Hoque
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Chi-Wei Lu
- Robert Wood Johnson Medical School and Child Health Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - James L Manley
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Bin Tian
- Graduate Program in Quantitative Biomedicine, School of Graduate Studies, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA.
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA.
- Program in Gene Expression and Regulation, and Center for Systems and Computational Biology, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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