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Zheng Y, Lin S, Chen M, Xu L, Huang H. Regulation of N 6-methyladenosine modification in erythropoiesis and thalassemia. Clin Genet 2024; 106:3-12. [PMID: 38488342 DOI: 10.1111/cge.14518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
In eukaryotic RNA, N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is a prevalent form of methylation modification. The m6A modification process is reversible and dynamic, written by m6A methyltransferase complex, erased by m6A demethylase, and recognized by m6A binding proteins. Through mediating RNA stability, decay, alternative splicing, and translation processes, m6A modification regulates gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. Erythropoiesis is the process of hematopoietic stem cells undergoing proliferation, a series of differentiation and maturation to form red blood cells (RBCs). Thalassemia is a common monogenic disease characterized by excessive production of ineffective RBCs in the peripheral circulation, resulting in hemolytic anemia. Increasing evidence suggests that m6A modification plays a crucial role in erythropoiesis. In this review, we comprehensively summarize the function of m6A modification in erythropoiesis and further generalize the mechanism of m6A modification regulating ineffective erythropoiesis and fetal hemoglobin expression. The purpose is to improve the understanding of the pathogenesis of erythroid dysplasia and offer new perspectives for the diagnosis and treatment of thalassemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Zheng
- Medical Genetic Diagnosis and Therapy Center of Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Defect, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Siyang Lin
- Medical Genetic Diagnosis and Therapy Center of Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Defect, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- The School of Medical Technology and Engineering, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Meihuan Chen
- Medical Genetic Diagnosis and Therapy Center of Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Defect, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- The School of Medical Technology and Engineering, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Clinical Research Center for Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Fuzhou, China
- National Key Obstetric Clinical Specialty Construction Institution of China, Fuzhou, China
| | - Liangpu Xu
- Medical Genetic Diagnosis and Therapy Center of Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Defect, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- The School of Medical Technology and Engineering, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Clinical Research Center for Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Fuzhou, China
- National Key Obstetric Clinical Specialty Construction Institution of China, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hailong Huang
- Medical Genetic Diagnosis and Therapy Center of Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Defect, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- The School of Medical Technology and Engineering, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Clinical Research Center for Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Fuzhou, China
- National Key Obstetric Clinical Specialty Construction Institution of China, Fuzhou, China
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Shi K, Chen Y, Liu R, Fu X, Guo H, Gao T, Wang S, Dou L, Wang J, Wu Y, Yu J, Yu H. NFIC mediates m6A mRNA methylation to orchestrate transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation to represses malignant phenotype of non-small cell lung cancer cells. Cancer Cell Int 2024; 24:223. [PMID: 38943137 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-024-03414-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple genetic and epigenetic regulatory mechanisms are crucial in the development and tumorigenesis process. Transcriptional regulation often involves intricate relationships and networks with post-transcriptional regulatory molecules, impacting the spatial and temporal expression of genes. However, the synergistic relationship between transcription factors and N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification in regulating gene expression, as well as their influence on the mechanisms underlying the occurrence and progression of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), requires further investigation. The present study aimed to investigate the synergistic relationship between transcription factors and m6A modification on NSCLC. METHODS The transcription factor NFIC and its potential genes was screened by analyzing publicly available datasets (ATAC-seq, DNase-seq, and RNA-seq). The association of NFIC and its potential target genes were validated through ChIP-qPCR and dual-luciferase reporter assays. Additionally, the roles of NFIC and its potential genes in NSCLC were detected in vitro and in vivo through silencing and overexpression assays. RESULTS Based on multi-omics data, the transcription factor NFIC was identified as a potential tumor suppressor of NSCLC. NFIC was significantly downregulated in both NSCLC tissues and cells, and when NFIC was overexpressed, the malignant phenotype and total m6A content of NSCLC cells was suppressed, while the PI3K/AKT pathway was inactivated. Additionally, we discovered that NFIC inhibits the expression of METTL3 by directly binding to its promoter region, and METTL3 regulates the expression of KAT2A, a histone acetyltransferase, by methylating the m6A site in the 3'UTR of KAT2A mRNA in NSCLC cells. Intriguingly, NFIC was also found to negatively regulate the expression of KAT2A by directly binding to its promoter region. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrated that NFIC suppresses the malignant phenotype of NSCLC cells by regulating gene expression at both the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. A deeper comprehension of the genetic and epigenetic regulatory mechanisms in tumorigenesis would be beneficial for the development of personalized treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kesong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010020, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Yani Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010020, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Ruihua Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010020, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Xinyao Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010020, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Hua Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010020, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Tian Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010020, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Shu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010020, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Le Dou
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010020, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Jiemin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010020, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Yuan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010020, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Jiale Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010020, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Haiquan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010020, Inner Mongolia, China.
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Wang Y, Huang H, Chen J, Weng H. Crosstalk between histone/DNA modifications and RNA N 6-methyladenosine modification. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2024; 86:102205. [PMID: 38776766 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2024.102205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most prevalent internal RNA modification in eukaryotic messenger RNAs (mRNAs), regulating gene expression at the transcription and post-transcription levels. Complex interplay between m6A and other well-studied epigenetic modifications, including histone modifications and DNA modification, has been extensively reported in recent years. The crosstalk between RNA m6A modification and histone/DNA modifications plays a critical role in establishing the chromatin state for the precise and specific fine-tuning of gene expression and undoubtedly has profound impacts on both physiological and pathological processes. In this review, we discuss the crosstalk between RNA m6A modification and histone/DNA modifications, emphasizing their sophisticated communications and the mechanisms underlying to gain a comprehensive view of the biological relevance of m6A-based epigenetic network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yushuai Wang
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou 510005, China
| | - Huilin Huang
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Jianjun Chen
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Monrovia, CA 91016, USA; Gehr Family Center for Leukemia Research & City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA.
| | - Hengyou Weng
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou 510005, China; Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou 510005, China; The First Affiliated Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510005, China.
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Cao Y, Chen X, Pan F, Wang M, Zhuang H, Chen J, Lu L, Wang L, Wang T. Xinmaikang-mediated mitophagy attenuates atherosclerosis via the PINK1/Parkin signaling pathway. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 119:154955. [PMID: 37572567 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.154955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Chinese herbal compound Xinmaikang (XMK) is effective in treating atherosclerosis (AS), although the associated mechanisms of action remain unclear. We hypothesize that XMK increases mitophagy via the PINK1/Parkin signaling pathway and decreases reactive oxygen species (ROS), thus treating AS. PURPOSE To explore the above-mentioned mechanisms of action of XMK in AS. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ultra-performance liquid chromatography assay was performed to clarify the composition of XMK. A 16-week high-fat diet was fed to APOE-/- mice to form an AS model. Next, mice were given XMK(0.95 g/kg/d, 1.99 g/kg/d, 3.98 g/kg/d, i.g.) or Atorvastatin(3 mg/kg/d, i.g.) or Rapamycin(4 mg/kg/d, i.p.) or XMK with Mdivi-1(40 mg/kg/d, i.p.) or an equivalent amount of normal saline for 4 weeks. Then mice were examined for AS plaque area, lesion area, collagen fiber, pro-inflammatory cytokines, lipid level, ROS level and mitophagy level. We assessed AS using Oil Red O, hematoxylin and eosin, and Sirius red staining, as well as ROS measurements. Mitophagy was evaluated by transmission electron microscopy, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), Western blot, single-cell Western blot, and immunofluorescence staining. In vitro, by oxidizing low-density lipoprotein, formation of RAW264.7 macrophage-derived foam cells induced. we induced foam cell formation in RAW264.7 macrophages. Then cells were incubated with XMK-medicated serum with or without Mdivi-1. We examined foam cell formation, ROS level, mitophagy level in cells. Finally, we knocked down the PINK1, and examined foam cell formation and PINK1/Parkin level in RAW264.7 macrophages. RESULTS UPLC analysis revealed 102 main ingredients in XMK. In vivo, XMK at medium-dose or high-dose significantly reduced AS plaques, lipids, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and ROS and increased mitophagy. In further study, Single-cell western blot showed that mitophagy level in macrophages sorted from AS mice was lower than the control mice. While XMK improved mitophagy level. In vitro, XMK reduced foam cell formation and ROS and increased mitophagy. When PINK1 was knocked down, XMK's effects on foam cell formation and PINK1/Parkin pathway activation were reduced. CONCLUSION The study shows that XMK is effective against AS by mediating macrophage mitophagy via the PINK1/Parkin signaling pathway. For the treatment of AS and drug discovery, it provides an experimental basis and target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Cao
- Dongguan Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Dongguan 523000, China; The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China; The First Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China; Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Dongguan Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Dongguan 523000, China; The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China; The First Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China; Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Fuqiang Pan
- Liwan District People's Hospital of Guangzhou, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Mingyang Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China; The First Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China; Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Haowen Zhuang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China; The First Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China; Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Jiangna Chen
- Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yan-Sen University, 510006, China
| | - Lu Lu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China; The First Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China; Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Lingjun Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China; The First Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China; Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Dongguan Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Dongguan 523000, China.
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Shi K, Sa R, Dou L, Wu Y, Dong Z, Fu X, Yu H. METTL3 exerts synergistic effects on m6A methylation and histone modification to regulate the function of VGF in lung adenocarcinoma. Clin Epigenetics 2023; 15:153. [PMID: 37742030 PMCID: PMC10517543 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-023-01568-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple genetic and epigenetic regulatory mechanisms play a vital role in tumorigenesis and development. Understanding the interplay between different epigenetic modifications and its contribution to transcriptional regulation in cancer is essential for precision medicine. Here, we aimed to investigate the interplay between N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modifications and histone modifications in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). RESULTS Based on the data from public databases, including chromatin property data (ATAC-seq, DNase-seq), methylated RNA immunoprecipitation sequencing (MeRIP-seq), and gene expression data (RNA-seq), a m6A-related differentially expressed gene nerve growth factor inducible (VGF) was identified between LUAD tissues and normal lung tissues. VGF was significantly highly expressed in LUAD tissues and cells, and was associated with a worse prognosis for LUAD, silencing of VGF inhibited the malignant phenotype of LUAD cells by inactivating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. Through the weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA) and integration of TCGA-LUAD RNA-seq and m6A methyltransferase METTL3-knockdown RNA-seq data, a significant positive correlation between METTL3 and VGF was observed. By using the MeRIP-qPCR and dual-luciferase reporter assays, we demonstrated that METTL3 knockdown decreased m6A modification level of VGF coding sequences in LUAD cells, the colorimetric m6A quantification assay also showed that METTL3 knockdown significantly decreased global m6A modification level in LUAD cells. Interestingly, we found that METTL3 knockdown also reduced VGF expression by increasing H3K36me3 modification at the VGF promoter. Further research revealed that METTL3 knockdown upregulated the expression of histone methylase SETD2, the major H3K36me3 methyltransferase, by methylating the m6A site in the 3'UTR of SETD2 mRNA in LUAD cells. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our results reveal that the expression of VGF in LUAD cells is regulated spatio-temporally by METTL3 through both transcriptional (via histone modifications) and post-transcriptional (via m6A modifications) mechanisms. The synergistic effect of these multiple epigenetic mechanisms provides new opportunities for the diagnosis and precision treatment of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kesong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation a Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010070, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Rula Sa
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation a Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010070, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Le Dou
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation a Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010070, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Yuan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation a Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010070, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Zhiqiang Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation a Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010070, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Xinyao Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation a Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010070, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Haiquan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation a Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010070, Inner Mongolia, China.
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Liang L, Liu S, Wu Q, Chen R, Jiang S, Yang Z. m6A-mediated upregulation of miRNA-193a aggravates cardiomyocyte apoptosis and inflammatory response in sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy via the METTL3/ miRNA-193a/BCL2L2 pathway. Exp Cell Res 2023:113712. [PMID: 37414203 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2023.113712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
The impact of N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification on pri-miRNA in sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy (SICM), and its underlying regulatory mechanism, have not been fully elucidated. We successfully constructed a SICM mice model through cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). In vitro, a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced HL-1 cells model was also established. The results showed that sepsis frequently resulted in excessive inflammatory response concomitant with impaired myocardial function in mice exposed to CLP, as indicated by decreases in ejection fraction (EF), fraction shortening (FS), and left ventricular end diastolic diameters (LVDd). miR-193a was enriched in CLP mice heart and in LPS-treated HL-1 cells, while overexpression of miR-193a significantly increased the expression levels of cytokines. Sepsis-induced enrichment of miR-193a significantly inhibited cardiomyocytes proliferation and enhanced apoptosis, while this was reversed by miR-193a knockdown. Furthermore, under our experimental conditions, enrichment of miR-193a in SICM could be considered excessively maturated on pri-miR-193a by enhanced m6A modification. This modification was catalyzed by sepsis-induced overexpression of methyltransferase-like 3 (METTL3). Moreover, mature miRNA-193a bound to a predictive sequence within 3'UTRs of a downstream target, BCL2L2, which was further validated by the observation that the BCL2L2-3'UTR mutant failed to decrease luciferase activity when co-transfected with miRNA-193a. The interaction between miRNA-193a and BCL2L2 resulted in BCL2L2 downregulation, subsequently activating the caspase-3 apoptotic pathway. In conclusion, sepsis-induced miR-193a enrichment via m6A modification plays an essential regulatory role in cardiomyocyte apoptosis and inflammatory response in SICM. The detrimental axis of METTL3/m6A/miR-193a/BCL2L2 is implicated in the development of SICM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian Liang
- Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Siqi Liu
- Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingyu Wu
- The Eighth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Foshan, China
| | - Ran Chen
- Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shanping Jiang
- Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Zhengfei Yang
- Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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Li Y, Zhang H, Hu B, Wang P, Wang W, Liu J. Post-transcriptional regulation of erythropoiesis. BLOOD SCIENCE 2023; 5:150-159. [PMID: 37546708 PMCID: PMC10400058 DOI: 10.1097/bs9.0000000000000159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Erythropoiesis is a complex, precise, and lifelong process that is essential for maintaining normal body functions. Its strict regulation is necessary to prevent a variety of blood diseases. Normal erythropoiesis is precisely regulated by an intricate network that involves transcription levels, signal transduction, and various epigenetic modifications. In recent years, research on post-transcriptional levels in erythropoiesis has expanded significantly. The dynamic regulation of splicing transitions is responsible for changes in protein isoform expression that add new functions beneficial for erythropoiesis. RNA-binding proteins adapt the translation of transcripts to the protein requirements of the cell, yielding mRNA with dynamic translation efficiency. Noncoding RNAs, such as microRNAs and lncRNAs, are indispensable for changing the translational efficiency and/or stability of targeted mRNAs to maintain the normal expression of genes related to erythropoiesis. N6-methyladenosine-dependent regulation of mRNA translation plays an important role in maintaining the expression programs of erythroid-related genes and promoting erythroid lineage determination. This review aims to describe our current understanding of the role of post-transcriptional regulation in erythropoiesis and erythroid-associated diseases, and to shed light on the physiological and pathological implications of the post-transcriptional regulation machinery in erythropoiesis. These may help to further enrich our understanding of the regulatory network of erythropoiesis and provide new strategies for the diagnosis and treatment of erythroid-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Li
- Molecular Biology Research Center, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Hematology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
- Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Haihang Zhang
- Molecular Biology Research Center, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Hematology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
| | - Bin Hu
- Molecular Biology Research Center, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Hematology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
| | - Pan Wang
- Molecular Biology Research Center, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Hematology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Molecular Biology Research Center, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Hematology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
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Kuppers DA, Linton J, Ortiz Espinosa S, McKenna KM, Rongvaux A, Paddison PJ. Gene knock-outs in human CD34+ hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells and in the human immune system of mice. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0287052. [PMID: 37379309 PMCID: PMC10306193 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0287052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Human CD34+ hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) are a standard source of cells for clinical HSC transplantations as well as experimental xenotransplantation to generate "humanized mice". To further extend the range of applications of these humanized mice, we developed a protocol to efficiently edit the genomes of human CD34+ HSPCs before transplantation. In the past, manipulating HSPCs has been complicated by the fact that they are inherently difficult to transduce with lentivectors, and rapidly lose their stemness and engraftment potential during in vitro culture. However, with optimized nucleofection of sgRNA:Cas9 ribonucleoprotein complexes, we are now able to edit a candidate gene in CD34+ HSPCs with almost 100% efficiency, and transplant these modified cells in immunodeficient mice with high engraftment levels and multilineage hematopoietic differentiation. The result is a humanized mouse from which we knocked out a gene of interest from their human immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A. Kuppers
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Jonathan Linton
- Translational Science and Therapeutics Division, Program in Immunology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Sergio Ortiz Espinosa
- Translational Science and Therapeutics Division, Program in Immunology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Kelly M. McKenna
- Translational Science and Therapeutics Division, Program in Immunology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Anthony Rongvaux
- Translational Science and Therapeutics Division, Program in Immunology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Patrick J. Paddison
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
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Epigenetic Targets and Pathways Linked to SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Pathology. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11020341. [PMID: 36838306 PMCID: PMC9967649 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11020341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The scale at which the SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 pandemic has spread remains enormous. Provided the genetic makeup of the virus and humans is readily available, the quest for knowing the mechanism and epidemiology continues to prevail across the entire scientific community. Several aspects, including immunology, molecular biology, and host-pathogen interaction, are continuously being dug into for preparing the human race for future pandemics. The exact reasons for vast differences in symptoms, pathophysiological implications of COVID-infections, and mortality differences remain elusive. Hence, researchers are also looking beyond traditional genomics, proteomics, and transcriptomics approach, especially entrusting the environmental regulation of the genetic landscape of COVID-human interactions. In line with these questions lies a critical process called epigenetics. The epigenetic perturbations in both host and parasites are a matter of great interest to unravel the disparities in COVID-19 mortalities and pathology. This review provides a deeper insight into current research on the epigenetic landscape of SARS-CoV-2 infection in humans and potential targets for augmenting the ongoing investigation. It also explores the potential targets, pathways, and networks associated with the epigenetic regulation of processes involved in SARS-CoV-2 pathology.
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10
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Ferraz R, Coimbra S, Correia S, Canhoto J. RNA methyltransferases in plants: Breakthroughs in function and evolution. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 194:449-460. [PMID: 36502609 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Each day it is becoming increasingly difficult not to notice the completely new, fast growing, extremely intricate and challenging world of epitranscriptomics as the understanding of RNA methylation is expanding at a hasty rate. Writers (methyltransferases), erasers (demethylases) and readers (RNA-binding proteins) are responsible for adding, removing and recognising methyl groups on RNA, respectively. Several methyltransferases identified in plants are now being investigated and recent studies have shown a connection between RNA-methyltransferases (RNA-MTases) and stress and development processes. However, compared to their animal and bacteria counterparts, the understanding of RNA methyltransferases is still incipient, particularly those located in organelles. Comparative and systematic analyses allowed the tracing of the evolution of these enzymes suggesting the existence of several methyltransferases yet to be characterised. This review outlines the functions of plant nuclear and organellar RNA-MTases in plant development and stress responses and the comparative and evolutionary discoveries made on RNA-MTases across kingdoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Ferraz
- Centre for Functional Ecology, TERRA Associate Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, Coimbra 3000-456, Portugal; LAQV Requimte, Sustainable Chemistry, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Sílvia Coimbra
- University of Porto, Faculty of Sciences, Portugal; LAQV Requimte, Sustainable Chemistry, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Sandra Correia
- Centre for Functional Ecology, TERRA Associate Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, Coimbra 3000-456, Portugal.
| | - Jorge Canhoto
- Centre for Functional Ecology, TERRA Associate Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, Coimbra 3000-456, Portugal.
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11
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Forester CM, Oses-Prieto JA, Phillips NJ, Miglani S, Pang X, Byeon GW, DeMarco R, Burlingame A, Barna M, Ruggero D. Regulation of eIF4E guides a unique translational program to control erythroid maturation. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eadd3942. [PMID: 36563140 PMCID: PMC9788769 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.add3942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Translation control is essential in balancing hematopoietic precursors and differentiation; however, the mechanisms underlying this program are poorly understood. We found that the activity of the major cap-binding protein eIF4E is unexpectedly regulated in a dynamic manner throughout erythropoiesis that is uncoupled from global protein synthesis rates. Moreover, eIF4E activity directs erythroid maturation, and increased eIF4E expression maintains cells in an early erythroid state associated with a translation program driving the expression of PTPN6 and Igf2bp1. A cytosine-enriched motif in the 5' untranslated region is important for eIF4E-mediated translation specificity. Therefore, selective translation of key target genes necessary for the maintenance of early erythroid states by eIF4E highlights a unique mechanism used by hematopoietic precursors to rapidly elicit erythropoietic maturation upon need.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig M. Forester
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Denver, CO 80045, USA
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology/Bone Marrow Transplant, Children’s Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Juan A. Oses-Prieto
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Nancy J. Phillips
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Sohit Miglani
- Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Xiaming Pang
- Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Gun Woo Byeon
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94309, USA
| | - Rachel DeMarco
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Denver, CO 80045, USA
| | - Al Burlingame
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Maria Barna
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94309, USA
| | - Davide Ruggero
- Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
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12
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Ishii T, Akiyama Y, Shimada S, Kabashima A, Asano D, Watanabe S, Ishikawa Y, Ueda H, Akahoshi K, Ogawa K, Ono H, Kudo A, Tanabe M, Tanaka S. Identification of a novel target of SETD1A histone methyltransferase and the clinical significance in pancreatic cancer. Cancer Sci 2022; 114:463-476. [PMID: 36271761 PMCID: PMC9899616 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Although histone H3K4 methyltransferase SETD1A is overexpressed in various cancer types, the molecular mechanism underlying its overexpression and its target genes in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remain unclarified. We conducted immunohistochemical staining for SETD1A in 105 human PDAC specimens to assess the relationship between SETD1A overexpression and clinicopathological features. The function and target genes of SETD1A were investigated using human pancreatic cancer cell lines. SETD1A expression was upregulated in 51.4% of patients with PDAC and was an independent prognostic factor associated with shorter disease-free survival after resection (p < 0.05). Knockdown and overexpression of SETD1A showed that SETD1A plays a crucial role in increasing the proliferation and motility of PDAC cells. SETD1A overexpression increased tumorigenicity. RNA sequencing of SETD1A-knockdown cells revealed downregulation of RUVBL1, an oncogenic protein ATP-dependent DNA helicase gene. ChIP analysis revealed that SETD1A binds to the RUVBL1 promoter region, resulting in increased H3K4me3 levels. Knockdown of RUVBL1 showed inhibition of cell proliferation, migration, and invasion of PDAC cells, which are similar biological effects to SETD1A knockdown. High expression of both SETD1A and RUVBL1 was an independent prognostic factor not only for disease-free survival but also for overall survival (p < 0.05). In conclusion, we identified RUVBL1 as a novel downstream target gene of the SETD1A-H3K4me3 pathway. Co-expression of SETD1A and RUVBL1 is an important factor for predicting the prognosis of patients with PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Ishii
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of MedicineTokyo Medical and Dental UniversityTokyoJapan,Department of Hepato‐Biliary‐Pancreatic SurgeryGraduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental UniversityTokyoJapan
| | - Yoshimitsu Akiyama
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of MedicineTokyo Medical and Dental UniversityTokyoJapan
| | - Shu Shimada
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of MedicineTokyo Medical and Dental UniversityTokyoJapan
| | - Ayano Kabashima
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of MedicineTokyo Medical and Dental UniversityTokyoJapan
| | - Daisuke Asano
- Department of Hepato‐Biliary‐Pancreatic SurgeryGraduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental UniversityTokyoJapan
| | - Shuichi Watanabe
- Department of Hepato‐Biliary‐Pancreatic SurgeryGraduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental UniversityTokyoJapan
| | - Yoshiya Ishikawa
- Department of Hepato‐Biliary‐Pancreatic SurgeryGraduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental UniversityTokyoJapan
| | - Hiroki Ueda
- Department of Hepato‐Biliary‐Pancreatic SurgeryGraduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental UniversityTokyoJapan
| | - Keiichi Akahoshi
- Department of Hepato‐Biliary‐Pancreatic SurgeryGraduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental UniversityTokyoJapan
| | - Kosuke Ogawa
- Department of Hepato‐Biliary‐Pancreatic SurgeryGraduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental UniversityTokyoJapan
| | - Hiroaki Ono
- Department of Hepato‐Biliary‐Pancreatic SurgeryGraduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental UniversityTokyoJapan
| | - Atsushi Kudo
- Department of Hepato‐Biliary‐Pancreatic SurgeryGraduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental UniversityTokyoJapan
| | - Minoru Tanabe
- Department of Hepato‐Biliary‐Pancreatic SurgeryGraduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental UniversityTokyoJapan
| | - Shinji Tanaka
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of MedicineTokyo Medical and Dental UniversityTokyoJapan,Department of Hepato‐Biliary‐Pancreatic SurgeryGraduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental UniversityTokyoJapan
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13
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Yoshinaga M, Han K, Morgens DW, Horii T, Kobayashi R, Tsuruyama T, Hia F, Yasukura S, Kajiya A, Cai T, Cruz PHC, Vandenbon A, Suzuki Y, Kawahara Y, Hatada I, Bassik MC, Takeuchi O. The N 6-methyladenosine methyltransferase METTL16 enables erythropoiesis through safeguarding genome integrity. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6435. [PMID: 36307435 PMCID: PMC9616860 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34078-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
During erythroid differentiation, the maintenance of genome integrity is key for the success of multiple rounds of cell division. However, molecular mechanisms coordinating the expression of DNA repair machinery in erythroid progenitors are poorly understood. Here, we discover that an RNA N6-methyladenosine (m6A) methyltransferase, METTL16, plays an essential role in proper erythropoiesis by safeguarding genome integrity via the control of DNA-repair-related genes. METTL16-deficient erythroblasts exhibit defective differentiation capacity, DNA damage and activation of the apoptotic program. Mechanistically, METTL16 controls m6A deposition at the structured motifs in DNA-repair-related transcripts including Brca2 and Fancm mRNAs, thereby upregulating their expression. Furthermore, a pairwise CRISPRi screen revealed that the MTR4-nuclear RNA exosome complex is involved in the regulation of METTL16 substrate mRNAs in erythroblasts. Collectively, our study uncovers that METTL16 and the MTR4-nuclear RNA exosome act as essential regulatory machinery to maintain genome integrity and erythropoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Yoshinaga
- grid.258799.80000 0004 0372 2033Department of Medical Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501 Japan
| | - Kyuho Han
- grid.168010.e0000000419368956Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
| | - David W. Morgens
- grid.168010.e0000000419368956Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
| | - Takuro Horii
- grid.256642.10000 0000 9269 4097Laboratory of Genome Science, Biosignal Genome Resource Center, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Gunma, 371-8512 Japan
| | - Ryosuke Kobayashi
- grid.256642.10000 0000 9269 4097Laboratory of Genome Science, Biosignal Genome Resource Center, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Gunma, 371-8512 Japan
| | - Tatsuaki Tsuruyama
- grid.258799.80000 0004 0372 2033Department of Drug and Discovery Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501 Japan
| | - Fabian Hia
- grid.258799.80000 0004 0372 2033Department of Medical Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501 Japan
| | - Shota Yasukura
- grid.258799.80000 0004 0372 2033Department of Medical Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501 Japan
| | - Asako Kajiya
- grid.258799.80000 0004 0372 2033Department of Medical Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501 Japan
| | - Ting Cai
- grid.258799.80000 0004 0372 2033Department of Medical Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501 Japan
| | - Pedro H. C. Cruz
- grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971Department of RNA Biology and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871 Japan
| | - Alexis Vandenbon
- grid.258799.80000 0004 0372 2033Laboratory of Tissue Homeostasis, Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507 Japan
| | - Yutaka Suzuki
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XLaboratory of Functional Genomics, Department of Medical Genome Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Chiba, 277-8562 Japan
| | - Yukio Kawahara
- grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971Department of RNA Biology and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871 Japan
| | - Izuho Hatada
- grid.256642.10000 0000 9269 4097Laboratory of Genome Science, Biosignal Genome Resource Center, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Gunma, 371-8512 Japan ,grid.256642.10000 0000 9269 4097Viral Vector Core, Gunma University Initiative for Advanced Research (GIAR), Gunma, 371-8512 Japan
| | - Michael C. Bassik
- grid.168010.e0000000419368956Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
| | - Osamu Takeuchi
- grid.258799.80000 0004 0372 2033Department of Medical Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501 Japan
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14
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Skolnick J, Zhou H. Implications of the Essential Role of Small Molecule Ligand Binding Pockets in Protein-Protein Interactions. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:6853-6867. [PMID: 36044742 PMCID: PMC9484464 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c04525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Protein-protein interactions (PPIs) and protein-metabolite interactions play a key role in many biochemical processes, yet they are often viewed as being independent. However, the fact that small molecule drugs have been successful in inhibiting PPIs suggests a deeper relationship between protein pockets that bind small molecules and PPIs. We demonstrate that 2/3 of PPI interfaces, including antibody-epitope interfaces, contain at least one significant small molecule ligand binding pocket. In a representative library of 50 distinct protein-protein interactions involving hundreds of mutations, >75% of hot spot residues overlap with small molecule ligand binding pockets. Hence, ligand binding pockets play an essential role in PPIs. In representative cases, evolutionary unrelated monomers that are involved in different multimeric interactions yet share the same pocket are predicted to bind the same metabolites/drugs; these results are confirmed by examples in the PDB. Thus, the binding of a metabolite can shift the equilibrium between monomers and multimers. This implicit coupling of PPI equilibria, termed "metabolic entanglement", was successfully employed to suggest novel functional relationships among protein multimers that do not directly interact. Thus, the current work provides an approach to unify metabolomics and protein interactomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Skolnick
- Center for the Study of Systems
Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, 950 Atlantic Drive, NW, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Hongyi Zhou
- Center for the Study of Systems
Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, 950 Atlantic Drive, NW, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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15
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RNA m 6A regulates transcription via DNA demethylation and chromatin accessibility. Nat Genet 2022; 54:1427-1437. [PMID: 36071173 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-022-01173-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Transcriptional regulation, which integrates chromatin accessibility, transcription factors and epigenetic modifications, is crucial for establishing and maintaining cell identity. The interplay between different epigenetic modifications and its contribution to transcriptional regulation remains elusive. Here, we show that METTL3-mediated RNA N6-methyladenosine (m6A) formation leads to DNA demethylation in nearby genomic loci in normal and cancer cells, which is mediated by the interaction between m6A reader FXR1 and DNA 5-methylcytosine dioxygenase TET1. Upon recognizing RNA m6A, FXR1 recruits TET1 to genomic loci to demethylate DNA, leading to reprogrammed chromatin accessibility and gene transcription. Therefore, we have characterized a regulatory mechanism of chromatin accessibility and gene transcription mediated by RNA m6A formation coupled with DNA demethylation, highlighting the importance of the crosstalk between RNA m6A and DNA modification in physiologic and pathogenic process.
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16
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m 6A RNA modifications are measured at single-base resolution across the mammalian transcriptome. Nat Biotechnol 2022; 40:1210-1219. [PMID: 35288668 PMCID: PMC9378555 DOI: 10.1038/s41587-022-01243-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Functional studies of the RNA N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification have been limited by an inability to map individual m6A-modified sites in whole transcriptomes. To enable such studies, here, we introduce m6A-selective allyl chemical labeling and sequencing (m6A-SAC-seq), a method for quantitative, whole-transcriptome mapping of m6A at single-nucleotide resolution. The method requires only ~30 ng of poly(A) or rRNA-depleted RNA. We mapped m6A modification stoichiometries in RNA from cell lines and during in vitro monocytopoiesis from human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). We identified numerous cell-state-specific m6A sites whose methylation status was highly dynamic during cell differentiation. We observed changes of m6A stoichiometry as well as expression levels of transcripts encoding or regulated by key transcriptional factors (TFs) critical for HSPC differentiation. m6A-SAC-seq is a quantitative method to dissect the dynamics and functional roles of m6A sites in diverse biological processes using limited input RNA.
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17
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Zhang T, Zhang SW, Feng J, Zhang B. m 6 Aexpress-BHM: predicting m6A regulation of gene expression in multiple-groups context by a Bayesian hierarchical mixture model. Brief Bioinform 2022; 23:6644383. [PMID: 35848879 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbac295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
As the most abundant RNA modification, N6-methyladenosine (m6A) plays an important role in various RNA activities including gene expression and translation. With the rapid application of MeRIP-seq technology, samples of multiple groups, such as the involved multiple viral/ bacterial infection or distinct cell differentiation stages, are extracted from same experimental unit. However, our current knowledge about how the dynamic m6A regulating gene expression and the role in certain biological processes (e.g. immune response in this complex context) is largely elusive due to lack of effective tools. To address this issue, we proposed a Bayesian hierarchical mixture model (called m6Aexpress-BHM) to predict m6A regulation of gene expression (m6A-reg-exp) in multiple groups of MeRIP-seq experiment with limited samples. Comprehensive evaluations of m6Aexpress-BHM on the simulated data demonstrate its high predicting precision and robustness. Applying m6Aexpress-BHM on three real-world datasets (i.e. Flaviviridae infection, infected time-points of bacteria and differentiation stages of dendritic cells), we predicted more m6A-reg-exp genes with positive regulatory mode that significantly participate in innate immune or adaptive immune pathways, revealing the underlying mechanism of the regulatory function of m6A during immune response. In addition, we also found that m6A may influence the expression of PD-1/PD-L1 via regulating its interacted genes. These results demonstrate the power of m6Aexpress-BHM, helping us understand the m6A regulatory function in immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Zhang
- School of Automation from the Northwestern Polytechnical University, China
| | - Shao-Wu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Information Fusion Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, China
| | - Jian Feng
- department of microbiology and molecular genetics, University of Pittsburgh
| | - Bei Zhang
- Henan University of Science and Technology Affiliated First Hospital
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18
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Xu Z, Xie T, Sui X, Xu Y, Ji L, Zhang Y, Zhang A, Chen J. Crosstalk Between Histone and m6A Modifications and Emerging Roles of m6A RNA Methylation. Front Genet 2022; 13:908289. [PMID: 35783260 PMCID: PMC9240596 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.908289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA, like DNA and proteins, has been discovered to undergo dynamic and reversible chemical alterations, increasing the diversity and functional complexity of the molecule. N-6-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA methylation serves as a bridge between transcription and translation and is critical for many diseases’ progression. There is a complex interrelationship between m6A modifications and other epigenetic modifications. Their crosstalk significantly affects transcriptional outputs, translation, recruitment of chromatin modifiers, as well as the deployment of the m6A methyltransferase complex at target sites. This article outlines the potential function of m6A RNA methylation in epigenetics and summarizes its interactions with histone modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zibin Xu
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Bao’an Hospital of Shenzhen, The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Tingfei Xie
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Bao’an Hospital of Shenzhen, The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaolu Sui
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yunpeng Xu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lecai Ji
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Bao’an Hospital of Shenzhen, The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yanzi Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Aisha Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jihong Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Bao’an Hospital of Shenzhen, The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Jihong Chen,
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19
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Lv D, Gimple RC, Zhong C, Wu Q, Yang K, Prager BC, Godugu B, Qiu Z, Zhao L, Zhang G, Dixit D, Lee D, Shen JZ, Li X, Xie Q, Wang X, Agnihotri S, Rich JN. PDGF signaling inhibits mitophagy in glioblastoma stem cells through N 6-methyladenosine. Dev Cell 2022; 57:1466-1481.e6. [PMID: 35659339 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2022.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Dysregulated growth factor receptor pathways, RNA modifications, and metabolism each promote tumor heterogeneity. Here, we demonstrate that platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) signaling induces N6-methyladenosine (m6A) accumulation in glioblastoma (GBM) stem cells (GSCs) to regulate mitophagy. PDGF ligands stimulate early growth response 1 (EGR1) transcription to induce methyltransferase-like 3 (METTL3) to promote GSC proliferation and self-renewal. Targeting the PDGF-METTL3 axis inhibits mitophagy by regulating m6A modification of optineurin (OPTN). Forced OPTN expression phenocopies PDGF inhibition, and OPTN levels portend longer survival of GBM patients; these results suggest a tumor-suppressive role for OPTN. Pharmacologic targeting of METTL3 augments anti-tumor efficacy of PDGF receptor (PDGFR) and mitophagy inhibitors in vitro and in vivo. Collectively, we define PDGF signaling as an upstream regulator of oncogenic m6A regulation, driving tumor metabolism to promote cancer stem cell maintenance, highlighting PDGF-METTL3-OPTN signaling as a GBM therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deguan Lv
- Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA; Division of Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, CA 92037, USA
| | - Ryan C Gimple
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, CA 92037, USA; Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Cuiqing Zhong
- Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA; Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, San Diego, CA 92037, USA
| | - Qiulian Wu
- Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
| | - Kailin Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Taussig Cancer Center, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Briana C Prager
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, CA 92037, USA; Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Bhaskar Godugu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Zhixin Qiu
- Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA; Division of Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, CA 92037, USA
| | - Linjie Zhao
- Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA; Division of Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, CA 92037, USA
| | - Guoxin Zhang
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, CA 92037, USA
| | - Deobrat Dixit
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, CA 92037, USA
| | - Derrick Lee
- Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA; Division of Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, CA 92037, USA
| | - Jia Z Shen
- Tumor Initiation and Maintenance Program, NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, San Diego, CA 92037, USA
| | - Xiqing Li
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, CA 92037, USA; Department of Oncology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, China
| | - Qi Xie
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, CA 92037, USA; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China
| | - Xiuxing Wang
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, CA 92037, USA; School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Sameer Agnihotri
- Department of Neurological Surgery, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | - Jeremy N Rich
- Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA; Division of Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, CA 92037, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA.
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20
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Wu X, Ye W, Gong Y. The Role of RNA Methyltransferase METTL3 in Normal and Malignant Hematopoiesis. Front Oncol 2022; 12:873903. [PMID: 35574332 PMCID: PMC9095908 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.873903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
m6A modification is the most common modification in eukaryotes. METTL3, as a core methyltransferase of m6A modification, plays a vital role in normal and malignant hematopoiesis. Recent studies have shown that METTL3 is required for normal and symmetric differentiation of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs). Moreover, METTL3 strongly impacts the process and development of hematological neoplasms, including the differentiation, apoptosis, proliferation, chemoresistance, and risk of tumors. Novel inhibitors of METTL3 have been identified and studied in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells. STM2457, a selective inhibitor of METTL3, has been identified to block proliferation and promote differentiation and apoptosis of AML cells without impacting normal hematopoiesis. Therefore, in our present review, we focus on the structure of METTL3, the role of METTL3 in both normal and malignant hematopoiesis, and the potential of METTL3 for treating hematological neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Wu
- Department of Hematology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wu Ye
- Department of Hematology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuping Gong
- Department of Hematology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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21
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Shoaib Y, Usman B, Kang H, Jung KH. Epitranscriptomics: An Additional Regulatory Layer in Plants' Development and Stress Response. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:1033. [PMID: 35448761 PMCID: PMC9027318 DOI: 10.3390/plants11081033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Epitranscriptomics has added a new layer of regulatory machinery to eukaryotes, and the advancement of sequencing technology has revealed more than 170 post-transcriptional modifications in various types of RNAs, including messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), ribosomal RNA (rRNA), and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA). Among these, N6-methyladenosine (m6A) and N5-methylcytidine (m5C) are the most prevalent internal mRNA modifications. These regulate various aspects of RNA metabolism, mainly mRNA degradation and translation. Recent advances have shown that regulation of RNA fate mediated by these epitranscriptomic marks has pervasive effects on a plant's development and responses to various biotic and abiotic stresses. Recently, it was demonstrated that the removal of human-FTO-mediated m6A from transcripts in transgenic rice and potatoes caused a dramatic increase in their yield, and that the m6A reader protein mediates stress responses in wheat and apple, indicating that regulation of m6A levels could be an efficient strategy for crop improvement. However, changing the overall m6A levels might have unpredictable effects; therefore, the identification of precise m6A levels at a single-base resolution is essential. In this review, we emphasize the roles of epitranscriptomic modifications in modulating molecular, physiological, and stress responses in plants, and provide an outlook on epitranscriptome engineering as a promising tool to ensure food security by editing specific m6A and m5C sites through robust genome-editing technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasira Shoaib
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Korea; (Y.S.); (B.U.)
| | - Babar Usman
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Korea; (Y.S.); (B.U.)
| | - Hunseung Kang
- Department of Applied Biology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea;
| | - Ki-Hong Jung
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Korea; (Y.S.); (B.U.)
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22
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Shan HJ, Gu WX, Duan G, Chen HL. Fat mass and obesity associated (FTO)-mediated N6-methyladenosine modification of Krüppel-like factor 3 (KLF3) promotes osteosarcoma progression. Bioengineered 2022; 13:8038-8050. [PMID: 35311620 PMCID: PMC9161850 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2051785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) methylation is the most common and abundant methylation modification of eukaryotic mRNAs, which is involved in tumor initiation and progression. The study aims to explore the potential role and the regulatory mechanism of fat mass and obesity associated (FTO) in osteosarcoma (OS) progression. In this study, we detected the expressions of Krüppel-like factor 3 (KLF3) in OS cells and tissues and found that the mRNA and protein levels of KLF3 were increased in OS cells and tissues and significantly related to tumor size, metastasis, and TNM stage and poor prognosis of OS patients. FTO promoted the proliferation and invasion and suppressed apoptosis of OS cells through cell experiments in vitro. Further mechanism dissection revealed that FTO and YTHDF2 enforced the decay of KLF3 mRNA and decreased its expression. FTO-mediated mRNA demethylation inhibited KLF3 expression in the YTHDF2-dependent manner. Moreover, KLF3 overexpression abrogated FTO-induced oncogenic effects on the proliferation and invasion of OS cells. Overall, our findings showed that FTO-mediated m6A modification of KLF3 promoted OS progression, which may provide a therapeutic target for OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Jian Shan
- Department of Orthopedics, Institute of Orthopedics, the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China.,Department of Orthopedics, the Affiliated Jiangning Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211100, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Xiang Gu
- Department of Orthopedics, Institute of Orthopedics, the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Gang Duan
- Department of Orthopedics, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221002, P. R. China
| | - Hong-Liang Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Institute of Orthopedics, the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China
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23
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mAexpress-Reader: prediction of m6A regulated expression genes by integrating m6A sites and reader binding information in specific- context. Methods 2022; 203:167-178. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2022.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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24
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Manduzio S, Kang H. RNA methylation in chloroplasts or mitochondria in plants. RNA Biol 2021; 18:2127-2135. [PMID: 33779501 PMCID: PMC8632092 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2021.1909321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in our understanding of epitranscriptomic RNA methylation have expanded the complexity of gene expression regulation beyond epigenetic regulation involving DNA methylation and histone modifications. The instalment, removal, and interpretation of methylation marks on RNAs are carried out by writers (methyltransferases), erasers (demethylases), and readers (RNA-binding proteins), respectively. Contrary to an emerging body of evidence demonstrating the importance of RNA methylation in the diverse fates of RNA molecules, including splicing, export, translation, and decay in the nucleus and cytoplasm, their roles in plant organelles remain largely unclear and are only now being discovered. In particular, extremely high levels of methylation marks in chloroplast and mitochondrial RNAs suggest that RNA methylation plays essential roles in organellar biogenesis and functions in plants that are crucial for plant development and responses to environmental stimuli. Thus, unveiling the cellular components involved in RNA methylation in cell organelles is essential to better understand plant biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Manduzio
- Department of Applied Biology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Hunseung Kang
- Department of Applied Biology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
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25
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Prieto C, Nguyen DTT, Liu Z, Wheat J, Perez A, Gourkanti S, Chou T, Barin E, Velleca A, Rohwetter T, Chow A, Taggart J, Savino AM, Hoskova K, Dhodapkar M, Schurer A, Barlowe TS, Vu LP, Leslie C, Steidl U, Rabadan R, Kharas MG. Transcriptional control of CBX5 by the RNA binding proteins RBMX and RBMXL1 maintains chromatin state in myeloid leukemia. NATURE CANCER 2021; 2:741-757. [PMID: 34458856 PMCID: PMC8388313 DOI: 10.1038/s43018-021-00220-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
RNA binding proteins (RBPs) are key arbiters of post-transcriptional regulation and are found to be found dysregulated in hematological malignancies. Here, we identify the RBP RBMX and its retrogene RBMXL1 to be required for murine and human myeloid leukemogenesis. RBMX/L1 are overexpressed in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) primary patients compared to healthy individuals, and RBMX/L1 loss delayed leukemia development. RBMX/L1 loss lead to significant changes in chromatin accessibility, as well as chromosomal breaks and gaps. We found that RBMX/L1 directly bind to mRNAs, affect transcription of multiple loci, including CBX5 (HP1α), and control the nascent transcription of the CBX5 locus. Forced CBX5 expression rescued the RBMX/L1 depletion effects on cell growth and apoptosis. Overall, we determine that RBMX/L1 control leukemia cell survival by regulating chromatin state through their downstream target CBX5. These findings identify a mechanism for RBPs directly promoting transcription and suggest RBMX/L1, as well as CBX5, as potential therapeutic targets in myeloid malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Prieto
- Molecular Pharmacology Program and Center for Cell Engineering, Center for Stem Cell Biology, Center for Experimental Therapeutics, Center for Hematologic Malignancies, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Diu T T Nguyen
- Molecular Pharmacology Program and Center for Cell Engineering, Center for Stem Cell Biology, Center for Experimental Therapeutics, Center for Hematologic Malignancies, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Zhaoqi Liu
- Program for Mathematical Genomics, Department of Systems Biology, Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Justin Wheat
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY USA
| | - Alexendar Perez
- Computational Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Saroj Gourkanti
- Molecular Pharmacology Program and Center for Cell Engineering, Center for Stem Cell Biology, Center for Experimental Therapeutics, Center for Hematologic Malignancies, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Timothy Chou
- Molecular Pharmacology Program and Center for Cell Engineering, Center for Stem Cell Biology, Center for Experimental Therapeutics, Center for Hematologic Malignancies, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ersilia Barin
- Molecular Pharmacology Program and Center for Cell Engineering, Center for Stem Cell Biology, Center for Experimental Therapeutics, Center for Hematologic Malignancies, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anthony Velleca
- Molecular Pharmacology Program and Center for Cell Engineering, Center for Stem Cell Biology, Center for Experimental Therapeutics, Center for Hematologic Malignancies, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Thomas Rohwetter
- Molecular Pharmacology Program and Center for Cell Engineering, Center for Stem Cell Biology, Center for Experimental Therapeutics, Center for Hematologic Malignancies, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Arthur Chow
- Molecular Pharmacology Program and Center for Cell Engineering, Center for Stem Cell Biology, Center for Experimental Therapeutics, Center for Hematologic Malignancies, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - James Taggart
- Molecular Pharmacology Program and Center for Cell Engineering, Center for Stem Cell Biology, Center for Experimental Therapeutics, Center for Hematologic Malignancies, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Angela M Savino
- Molecular Pharmacology Program and Center for Cell Engineering, Center for Stem Cell Biology, Center for Experimental Therapeutics, Center for Hematologic Malignancies, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Katerina Hoskova
- Molecular Pharmacology Program and Center for Cell Engineering, Center for Stem Cell Biology, Center for Experimental Therapeutics, Center for Hematologic Malignancies, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Meera Dhodapkar
- Molecular Pharmacology Program and Center for Cell Engineering, Center for Stem Cell Biology, Center for Experimental Therapeutics, Center for Hematologic Malignancies, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alexandra Schurer
- Molecular Pharmacology Program and Center for Cell Engineering, Center for Stem Cell Biology, Center for Experimental Therapeutics, Center for Hematologic Malignancies, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Trevor S Barlowe
- Molecular Pharmacology Program and Center for Cell Engineering, Center for Stem Cell Biology, Center for Experimental Therapeutics, Center for Hematologic Malignancies, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ly P Vu
- Terry Fox Laboratory, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Christina Leslie
- Computational Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ulrich Steidl
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY USA
| | - Raul Rabadan
- Program for Mathematical Genomics, Department of Systems Biology, Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael G Kharas
- Molecular Pharmacology Program and Center for Cell Engineering, Center for Stem Cell Biology, Center for Experimental Therapeutics, Center for Hematologic Malignancies, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
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26
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RNA modifications in hematopoietic malignancies: A new research frontier. Blood 2021; 138:637-648. [PMID: 34157073 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2019004263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Both protein-coding and noncoding RNAs can be decorated with a wealth of chemical modifications and such modifications coordinately orchestrate gene expression during normal hematopoietic differentiation and development. However, aberrant expression and/or dysfunction of the relevant RNA modification modulators/regulators ("writers", "erasers", and "readers") drive the initiation and progression of hematopoietic malignancies, and targeting these dysregulated modulators holds potent therapeutic potential for the treatment of hematopoietic malignancies. In this review, we summarize current progress in the understanding of the biological functions and underlying mechanisms of RNA modifications in normal and malignant hematopoiesis, with a focus on the N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification, and discuss the therapeutic potential of targeting RNA modifications for the treatment of hematopoietic malignancies, especially acute myeloid leukemia (AML).
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27
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Wang W, Shao F, Yang X, Wang J, Zhu R, Yang Y, Zhao G, Guo D, Sun Y, Wang J, Xue Q, Gao S, Gao Y, He J, Lu Z. METTL3 promotes tumour development by decreasing APC expression mediated by APC mRNA N 6-methyladenosine-dependent YTHDF binding. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3803. [PMID: 34155197 PMCID: PMC8217513 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23501-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) is a frequently mutated tumour suppressor gene in cancers. However, whether APC is regulated at the epitranscriptomic level remains elusive. In this study, we analysed TCGA data and separated 200 paired oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) specimens and their adjacent normal tissues and demonstrated that methyltransferase-like 3 (METTL3) is highly expressed in tumour tissues. m6A-RNA immunoprecipitation sequencing revealed that METTL3 upregulates the m6A modification of APC, which recruits YTHDF for APC mRNA degradation. Reduced APC expression increases the expression of β-catenin and β-catenin-mediated cyclin D1, c-Myc, and PKM2 expression, thereby leading to enhanced aerobic glycolysis, ESCC cell proliferation, and tumour formation in mice. In addition, downregulated APC expression correlates with upregulated METTL3 expression in human ESCC specimens and poor prognosis in ESCC patients. Our findings reveal a mechanism by which the Wnt/β-catenin pathway is upregulated in ESCC via METTL3/YTHDF-coupled epitranscriptomal downregulation of APC. The epitranscriptomic regulation of adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) tumour suppressor gene in cancers is unclear. Here the authors show that N6-methyladenosine methylation writer METTL3 downregulates APC by recruiting YTHDF2 for APC mRNA degradation, and that this promotes glycolysis and tumour growth in oesophageal cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Shao
- Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University and Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Xueying Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Juhong Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Rongxuan Zhu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yannan Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Gaoxiang Zhao
- Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University and Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Dong Guo
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital and Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yingli Sun
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital and Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Xue
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shugeng Gao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yibo Gao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Jie He
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Zhimin Lu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China. .,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital and Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China. .,Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Hangzhou, China.
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28
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Yu D, Horton JR, Yang J, Hajian T, Vedadi M, Sagum CA, Bedford MT, Blumenthal RM, Zhang X, Cheng X. Human MettL3-MettL14 RNA adenine methyltransferase complex is active on double-stranded DNA containing lesions. Nucleic Acids Res 2021; 49:11629-11642. [PMID: 34086966 PMCID: PMC8599731 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkab460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
MettL3-MettL14 methyltransferase complex has been studied widely for its role in RNA adenine methylation. This complex is also recruited to UV- and X-ray exposed DNA damaged sites, and its methyltransfer activity is required for subsequent DNA repair, though in theory this could result from RNA methylation of short transcripts made at the site of damage. We report here that MettL3-MettL14 is active in vitro on double-stranded DNA containing a cyclopyrimidine dimer – a major lesion of UV radiation-induced products – or an abasic site or mismatches. Furthermore, N6-methyladenine (N6mA) decreases misincorporation of 8-oxo-guanine (8-oxoG) opposite to N6mA by repair DNA polymerases. When 8-oxoG is nevertheless incorporated opposite N6mA, the methylation inhibits N6mA excision from the template (correct) strand by the adenine DNA glycosylase (MYH), implying that the methylation decreases inappropriate misrepair. Finally, we observed that the N6mA reader domain of YTHDC1, which is also recruited to sites of DNA damage, binds N6mA that is located across from a single-base gap between two canonical DNA helices. This YTHDC1 complex with a gapped duplex is structurally similar to DNA complexes with FEN1 and GEN1 – two members of the nuclease family that act in nucleotide excision repair, mismatch repair and homologous recombination, and which incise distinct non-B DNA structures. Together, the parts of our study provide a plausible mechanism for N6mA writer and reader proteins acting directly on lesion-containing DNA, and suggest in vivo experiments to test the mechanisms involving methylation of adenine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Yu
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - John R Horton
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Taraneh Hajian
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Masoud Vedadi
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Cari A Sagum
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Mark T Bedford
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Robert M Blumenthal
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, and Program in Bioinformatics, The University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Xing Zhang
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Xiaodong Cheng
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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29
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Willbanks A, Wood S, Cheng JX. RNA Epigenetics: Fine-Tuning Chromatin Plasticity and Transcriptional Regulation, and the Implications in Human Diseases. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12050627. [PMID: 33922187 PMCID: PMC8145807 DOI: 10.3390/genes12050627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Chromatin structure plays an essential role in eukaryotic gene expression and cell identity. Traditionally, DNA and histone modifications have been the focus of chromatin regulation; however, recent molecular and imaging studies have revealed an intimate connection between RNA epigenetics and chromatin structure. Accumulating evidence suggests that RNA serves as the interplay between chromatin and the transcription and splicing machineries within the cell. Additionally, epigenetic modifications of nascent RNAs fine-tune these interactions to regulate gene expression at the co- and post-transcriptional levels in normal cell development and human diseases. This review will provide an overview of recent advances in the emerging field of RNA epigenetics, specifically the role of RNA modifications and RNA modifying proteins in chromatin remodeling, transcription activation and RNA processing, as well as translational implications in human diseases.
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30
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Saksena N, Bonam SR, Miranda-Saksena M. Epigenetic Lens to Visualize the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) Infection in COVID-19 Pandemic. Front Genet 2021; 12:581726. [PMID: 33828579 PMCID: PMC8019793 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.581726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In <20 years, we have witnessed three different epidemics with coronaviruses, SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2 in human populations, causing widespread mortality. SARS-CoV-2, through its rapid global spread, has led to the pandemic that we call COVID-19. As of February 1, 2021, the global infections linked to SARS-CoV-2 stand at 103,503,340, with 2,236,960 deaths, and 75,108,099 recoveries. This review attempts to highlight host-pathogen interaction with particular emphasis on the role of epigenetic machinery in regulating the disease. Although researchers, since the start of the pandemic, have been intensely engaged in diverse areas to understand the mechanisms involved in SARS-CoV-2 infection to find answers that can bring about innovative ways to swiftly treat and prevent disease progression, this review provides an overview on how the host epigenetics is modulated and subverted by SARS-CoV-2 to enter the host cells and drive immunopathogenesis. Epigenetics is the study that combines genetic and non-genetic factors controlling phenotypic variation, which are primarily a consequence of external and environmental stimuli. These stimuli alter the activity of a gene without impinging on the DNA code. In viral-host interactions, DNA/RNA methylation, non-coding RNAs, chromatin remodeling, and histone modifications are known to regulate and modulate host gene expression patterns. Viruses such as Coronaviruses (an RNA virus) show intrinsic association with these processes. They have evolved the ability to tamper with host epigenetic machinery to interfere with immune sensing pathways to evade host immune response, thereby enhancing its replication and pathogenesis post-entry. These epigenetic alterations allow the virus to weaken the host's immune response to successfully spread infection. How this occurs, and what epigenetic mechanisms are altered is poorly understood both for coronaviruses and other respiratory RNA viruses. The review highlights several cutting-edge aspects of epigenetic work primarily pertinent to SARS-CoV-2, which has been published between 2019 and 2020 to showcase the current knowledge both in terms of success and failures and take lessons that will assist us in understanding the disease to develop better treatments suited to kill SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitin Saksena
- EPIGENES Australia Pty Ltd, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Institute of Health and Sport, Victoria University, Footscray, VIC, Australia
| | - Srinivasa Reddy Bonam
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe- Immuno-pathologie et Immuno-intervention Thérapeutique, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Monica Miranda-Saksena
- Herpes Neuropathogenesis Research Group, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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31
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Lan Q, Liu PY, Bell JL, Wang JY, Hüttelmaier S, Zhang XD, Zhang L, Liu T. The Emerging Roles of RNA m 6A Methylation and Demethylation as Critical Regulators of Tumorigenesis, Drug Sensitivity, and Resistance. Cancer Res 2021; 81:3431-3440. [PMID: 34228629 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-4107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
RNA N6 -methyladenosine (m6A) modification occurs in approximately 25% of mRNAs at the transcriptome-wide level. RNA m6A is regulated by the RNA m6A methyltransferases methyltransferase-like 3 (METTL3), METTL14, and METTL16 (writers), demethylases FTO and ALKBH5 (erasers), and binding proteins YTHDC1-2, YTHDF1-3, IGF2BP1-3, and SND1 (readers). These RNA m6A modification proteins are frequently upregulated or downregulated in human cancer tissues and are often associated with poor patient prognosis. By modulating pre-mRNA splicing, mRNA nuclear export, decay, stability, and translation of oncogenic and tumor suppressive transcripts, RNA m6A modification proteins regulate cancer cell proliferation, survival, migration, invasion, tumor initiation, progression, metastasis, and sensitivity to anticancer therapies. Importantly, small-molecule activators of METTL3, as well as inhibitors of METTL3, FTO, ALKBH5, and IGF2BP1 have recently been identified and have shown considerable anticancer effects when administered alone or in combination with other anticancer agents, both in vitro and in mouse models of human cancers. Future compound screening and design of more potent and selective RNA m6A modification protein inhibitors and activators are expected to provide novel anticancer agents, appropriate for clinical trials in patients with cancer tissues harboring aberrant RNA m6A modification protein expression or RNA m6A modification protein-induced resistance to cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Lan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Pei Y Liu
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jessica L Bell
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jenny Y Wang
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Stefan Hüttelmaier
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Martin Luther University, Halle Saale, Germany
| | - Xu Dong Zhang
- School of Medicine and Public Health, Priority Research Centre for Cancer Research, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia. .,Translational Research Institute, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P.R. China
| | - Lirong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P.R. China.
| | - Tao Liu
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. .,School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Translational Research Institute, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P.R. China
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32
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Zhao Y, Chen Y, Jin M, Wang J. The crosstalk between m 6A RNA methylation and other epigenetic regulators: a novel perspective in epigenetic remodeling. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:4549-4566. [PMID: 33754077 PMCID: PMC7977459 DOI: 10.7150/thno.54967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic regulation involves a range of sophisticated processes which contribute to heritable alterations in gene expression without altering DNA sequence. Regulatory events predominantly include DNA methylation, chromatin remodeling, histone modifications, non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), and RNA modification. As the most prevalent RNA modification in eukaryotic cells, N6-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA methylation actively participates in the modulation of RNA metabolism. Notably, accumulating evidence has revealed complicated interrelations occurring between m6A and other well-known epigenetic modifications. Their crosstalk conspicuously triggers epigenetic remodeling, further yielding profound impacts on a variety of physiological and pathological processes, especially tumorigenesis. Herein, we provide an up-to-date review of this emerging hot area of biological research, summarizing the interplay between m6A RNA methylation and other epigenetic regulators, and highlighting their underlying functions in epigenetic reprogramming.
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33
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Gu J, Zhan Y, Zhuo L, Zhang Q, Li G, Li Q, Qi S, Zhu J, Lv Q, Shen Y, Guo Y, Liu S, Xie T, Sui X. Biological functions of m 6A methyltransferases. Cell Biosci 2021; 11:15. [PMID: 33431045 PMCID: PMC7798219 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-020-00513-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
M6A methyltransferases, acting as a writer in N6-methyladenosine, have attracted wide attention due to their dynamic regulation of life processes. In this review, we first briefly introduce the individual components of m6A methyltransferases and explain their close connections to each other. Then, we concentrate on the extensive biological functions of m6A methyltransferases, which include cell growth, nerve development, osteogenic differentiation, metabolism, cardiovascular system homeostasis, infection and immunity, and tumour progression. We summarize the currently unresolved problems in this research field and propose expectations for m6A methyltransferases as novel targets for preventive and curative strategies for disease treatment in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianzhong Gu
- College of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 54 Youdian Road, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yu Zhan
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 54 Youdian Road, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lvjia Zhuo
- College of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qin Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guohua Li
- College of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qiujie Li
- College of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shasha Qi
- College of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jinyu Zhu
- College of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qun Lv
- Department of Respiratory medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310015, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yingying Shen
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 54 Youdian Road, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yong Guo
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 54 Youdian Road, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shuiping Liu
- College of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, China. .,Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Tian Xie
- College of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, China. .,Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Xinbing Sui
- College of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, China. .,Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, China.
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34
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Sundaravel S, Steidl U, Wickrema A. Epigenetic modifiers in normal and aberrent erythropoeisis. Semin Hematol 2021; 58:15-26. [PMID: 33509439 PMCID: PMC7883935 DOI: 10.1053/j.seminhematol.2020.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Erythroid differentiation program is comprised of lineage commitment, erythroid progenitor proliferation, and termination differentiation. Each stage of the differentiation program is heavily influenced by epigenetic modifiers that alter the epigenome in a dynamic fashion influenced by cytokines/humeral factors and are amicable to target by drugs. The epigenetic modifiers can be classified as DNA modifiers (DNMT, TET), mRNA modifiers (RNA methylases and demethylases) and histone protein modifiers (methyltransferases, acetyltransferases, demethylases, and deacetylases). Here we describe mechanisms by which these epigenetic modifiers influence and guide erythroid-lineage differentiation during normal and malignant erythropoiesis and also benign diseases that arise from their altered structure or function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sriram Sundaravel
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Ulrich Steidl
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY; Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine-Montefiore Medical center, Bronx, NY
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35
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Kwon N, Thompson EN, Mayday MY, Scanlon V, Lu YC, Krause DS. Current understanding of human megakaryocytic-erythroid progenitors and their fate determinants. Curr Opin Hematol 2021; 28:28-35. [PMID: 33186151 PMCID: PMC7737300 DOI: 10.1097/moh.0000000000000625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review focuses on our current understanding of fate decisions in bipotent megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitors (MEPs). Although extensive research has been carried out over decades, our understanding of how MEP commit to the erythroid versus megakaryocyte fate remains unclear. RECENT FINDINGS We discuss the isolation of primary human MEP, and focus on gene expression patterns, epigenetics, transcription factors and extrinsic factors that have been implicated in MEP fate determination. We conclude with an overview of the open debates in the field of MEP biology. SUMMARY Understanding MEP fate is important because defects in megakaryocyte and erythrocyte development lead to disease states such as anaemia, thrombocytopenia and leukaemia. MEP also represent a model system for studying fundamental principles underlying cell fate decisions of bipotent and pluripotent progenitors, such that discoveries in MEP are broadly applicable to stem/progenitor cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayoung Kwon
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT
- Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT
| | - Evrett N. Thompson
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT
- Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT
| | - Madeline Y. Mayday
- Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT
| | - Vanessa Scanlon
- Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT
| | - Yi-Chien Lu
- Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT
| | - Diane S. Krause
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT
- Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT
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36
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Mateu-Regué À, Nielsen FC, Christiansen J. Cytoplasmic mRNPs revisited: Singletons and condensates. Bioessays 2020; 42:e2000097. [PMID: 33145808 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202000097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Cytoplasmic messenger ribonucleoprotein particles (mRNPs) represent the cellular transcriptome, and recent data have challenged our current understanding of their architecture, transport, and complexity before translation. Pre-translational mRNPs are composed of a single transcript, whereas P-bodies and stress granules are condensates. Both pre-translational mRNPs and actively translating mRNPs seem to adopt a linear rather than a closed-loop configuration. Moreover, assembly of pre-translational mRNPs in physical RNA regulons is an unlikely event, and co-regulated translation may occur locally following extracellular cues. We envisage a stochastic mRNP transport mechanism where translational repression of single mRNPs-in combination with microtubule-mediated cytoplasmic streaming and docking events-are prerequisites for local translation, rather than direct transport.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jan Christiansen
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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37
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Chan D, Batista PJ. RNA post-transcriptional modification speaks to chromatin. Nat Genet 2020; 52:868-869. [PMID: 32879511 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-020-0685-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dalen Chan
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Pedro J Batista
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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38
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LNC942 promoting METTL14-mediated m 6A methylation in breast cancer cell proliferation and progression. Oncogene 2020; 39:5358-5372. [PMID: 32576970 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-1338-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence supports that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) act as master regulators involved in tumorigenesis and development at the N6-methyladenine (m6A) epigenetic modification level. However, the underlying regulatory mechanism in breast cancer (BRCA) remains elusive. Here, we unveil that LINC00942 (LNC942) exerts its functions as an oncogene in promoting METTL14-mediated m6A methylation and regulating the expression and stability of its target genes CXCR4 and CYP1B1 in BRCA initiation and progression. Specifically, LNC942 and METTL14 were significantly upregulated accompanied with the upregulation of m6A levels in BRCA cells and our included BRCA cohorts (n = 150). Functionally, LNC942 elicits potent oncogenic effects on promoting cell proliferation and colony formation and inhibiting cell apoptosis, subsequently elevating METTL14-mediated m6A methylation levels and its associated mRNA stability and protein expression of CXCR4 and CYP1B1 in BRCA cells. Mechanistically, LNC942 directly recruits METTL14 protein by harboring the specific recognize sequence (+176-+265), thereby stabilized the expression of downstream targets of LNC942 including CXCR4 and CYP1B1 through posttranscriptional m6A methylation modification in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, our results uncover a novel LNC942-METTL14-CXCR4/CYP1B1 signaling axis, which provides new targets and crosstalk m6A epigenetic modification mechanism for BRCA prevention and treatment.
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39
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Li X, Fan X, Yin X, Liu H, Yang Y. Alteration of N 6-methyladenosine epitranscriptome profile in unilateral ureteral obstructive nephropathy. Epigenomics 2020; 12:1157-1173. [PMID: 32543222 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2020-0126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To reveal the alterations of N6-methyladenosine (m6A) epitranscriptome profile in kidney after unilateral ureteral obstruction in mice. Materials & methods: Total renal m6A and expressions of methyltransferases and demethylases were detected by colorimetric quantification method, real-time PCR and western blot, respectively. Methylated RNA immunoprecipitation sequencing was performed to map epitranscriptome-wide m6A profile. Results: Total m6A levels were time-dependent decreased within 1 week, with the lowest level detected at day 7. A total of 823 differentially methylated transcripts in 507 genes were identified. Specifically, demethylated mRNAs selectively acted on multiple pathways, including TGF-β and WNT. Conclusion: m6A modification has a functional importance in renal interstitial fibrosis during obstructive nephropathy and might be a promising therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyan Li
- Department of Pediatric Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, PR China
| | - Xu Fan
- Department of Pediatric Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, PR China
| | - Xiaoming Yin
- Department of Pediatric Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, PR China
| | - Huajian Liu
- Department of Pediatric Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, PR China
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Pediatric Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, PR China
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40
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Human MettL3-MettL14 complex is a sequence-specific DNA adenine methyltransferase active on single-strand and unpaired DNA in vitro. Cell Discov 2019; 5:63. [PMID: 31885874 PMCID: PMC6928010 DOI: 10.1038/s41421-019-0136-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
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41
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Functions of N6-methyladenosine and its role in cancer. Mol Cancer 2019; 18:176. [PMID: 31801551 PMCID: PMC6892141 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-019-1109-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 737] [Impact Index Per Article: 147.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is methylation that occurs in the N6-position of adenosine, which is the most prevalent internal modification on eukaryotic mRNA. Accumulating evidence suggests that m6A modulates gene expression, thereby regulating cellular processes ranging from cell self-renewal, differentiation, invasion and apoptosis. M6A is installed by m6A methyltransferases, removed by m6A demethylases and recognized by reader proteins, which regulate of RNA metabolism including translation, splicing, export, degradation and microRNA processing. Alteration of m6A levels participates in cancer pathogenesis and development via regulating expression of tumor-related genes like BRD4, MYC, SOCS2 and EGFR. In this review, we elaborate on recent advances in research of m6A enzymes. We also highlight the underlying mechanism of m6A in cancer pathogenesis and progression. Finally, we review corresponding potential targets in cancer therapy.
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