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Hu Y, Nie Q, Cong X, Wu W, Wu Q, Liu Q, Li Y, Liu H, Ge J, Chen F. PEN-coated superparamagnetic iron-mediated delivery of siSnail2 to inhibit metastasis and promote ferroptosis in the treatment of cancer. Int J Pharm 2024; 650:123728. [PMID: 38142015 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
Cancer represents a significant global public health challenge, and conventional cancer therapies such as surgery and chemoradiotherapy are not enough due to the increased complexity of cancer. Nanotechnology has the potential to revolutionize tumor treatments by integrating gene therapy, tumor targeting, and drug delivery. In this study, we demonstrated that Snail2 plays a crucial role in the migration and invasion of lung and liver carcinoma. We proposed a novel approach to synergize the aminated crosslinking dextran coat of superparamagnetic iron oxide nano worms (CLIO-NH2, CN) with small interfering Snail2 RNA (siSnail2). The efficiency of siSnail2 delivery was significantly improved by coating CN with N-Isopropylacrylamide-modified polyethylenimine (CNP). In vitro, experiments revealed that CNP@siSnail2 effectively inhibited cancer cell EMT, migration, and invasion. Moreover, CNP@ siSnail2 promoted cancer cell death through various mechanisms, including apoptosis and ferroptosis. The combination of CNP@ siSnail2 and cisplatin significantly improved the anti-tumor effect of the treatment. Animal models demonstrated that the combined treatment of CNP@ siSnail2 and cisplatin resulted in excellent tumor inhibition effects. Our findings provide a potential combined treatment strategy for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Hu
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Nanomedicine and Translational Research Center, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, China; Department of Tissues Bank, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, China
| | - Qing Nie
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University &, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Xianling Cong
- Department of Tissues Bank, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, China
| | - Wen Wu
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Nanomedicine and Translational Research Center, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Nanomedicine and Translational Research Center, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, China
| | - Qihui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Nanomedicine and Translational Research Center, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Nanomedicine and Translational Research Center, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, China
| | - Haiyan Liu
- Department of Anatomy, College of Basic Medicine Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Jingyan Ge
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Fangfang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Nanomedicine and Translational Research Center, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, China.
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2
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O'Shaughnessy RFL. Why are squamous cancers so aggressive in recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa? Can we find new therapeutic approaches? Br J Dermatol 2023; 190:7-8. [PMID: 37831585 DOI: 10.1093/bjd/ljad392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan F L O'Shaughnessy
- Centre for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research, Blizard Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, UK
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3
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Abbotto E, Miro C, Piacente F, Salis A, Murolo M, Nappi A, Millo E, Russo E, Cichero E, Sturla L, Del Rio A, De Flora A, Nencioni A, Dentice M, Bruzzone S. SIRT6 pharmacological inhibition delays skin cancer progression in the squamous cell carcinoma. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 166:115326. [PMID: 37611438 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Sirtuin 6 (SIRT6) has a critical role in cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma (cSCC): SIRT6 silencing in skin SCC cells has pro-differentiating effects and SIRT6 deletion abrogated DMBA-TPA-induced skin tumorigenesis in mice. On the other hand, SIRT6 acts as tumor suppressor in SCC by enhancing glycolysis in tumor propagating cells. Herein, pharmacological modulation of SIRT6 deacetylase activity was investigated in cSCC, with S6 (inhibitor) or MDL-800 (activator). In cSCC cells, S6 recreated the pro-differentiating effects of SIRT6 silencing, as the levels of Keratin 1, Keratin 10 and Loricrin were upregulated compared to controls. Next, the effects of SIRT6 pharmacological modulation were evaluated in a DMBA-TPA-induced skin cancer mouse model. Mice treated with the inhibitor S6 in a preventive approach, i.e. at the beginning of the promotion stage, presented reduced number and size of papillomas, compared to the controls. The epidermal hyperproliferation marker Keratin 6 and the cSCC marker Keratin 8 were less abundant when SIRT6 was inhibited. In S6-treated lesions, the Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) markers Zeb1 and Vimentin were less expressed compared to untreated lesions. In a therapeutic approach, i.e. treatment starting after papilloma appearance, the S6 group presented reduced papillomas (number and size), whereas MDL-800-treated mice displayed an opposite trend. In S6-treated lesions, Keratin 6 and Keratin 8 were less expressed, EMT was less advanced, with a higher E-cadherin/Vimentin ratio, indicating a delayed carcinogenesis when SIRT6 was inhibited. Our results confirm that SIRT6 plays a role in skin carcinogenesis and suggest SIRT6 pharmacological inhibition as a promising strategy in cSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Abbotto
- DIMES, Section of Biochemistry, University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV, 1, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Caterina Miro
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Napoli Federico II, Via Pansini, 5, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Francesco Piacente
- DIMES, Section of Biochemistry, University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV, 1, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Annalisa Salis
- DIMES, Section of Biochemistry, University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV, 1, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Melania Murolo
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Napoli Federico II, Via Pansini, 5, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Annarita Nappi
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Napoli Federico II, Via Pansini, 5, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Enrico Millo
- DIMES, Section of Biochemistry, University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV, 1, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Eleonora Russo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV, 3, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Elena Cichero
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV, 3, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Laura Sturla
- DIMES, Section of Biochemistry, University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV, 1, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Alberto Del Rio
- Innovamol Consulting Srl, Strada San Faustino 167, 41126 Modena, Italy; Institute of Organic Synthesis and Photoreactivity (ISOF), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via P. Gobetti 101, I-40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Antonio De Flora
- DIMES, Section of Biochemistry, University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV, 1, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Alessio Nencioni
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV, 6, 16132 Genova, Italy; IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genova, Italy.
| | - Monica Dentice
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Napoli Federico II, Via Pansini, 5, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Santina Bruzzone
- DIMES, Section of Biochemistry, University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV, 1, 16132 Genova, Italy; IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genova, Italy.
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4
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Kwantwi LB. The dual and multifaceted role of relaxin-2 in cancer. Clin Transl Oncol 2023; 25:2763-2771. [PMID: 36947362 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-023-03146-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
The continuous increase in cancer-associated deaths despite the substantial improvement in diagnosis and treatment has sparked discussions on the need for novel biomarkers and therapeutic strategies for cancer. Although increasing evidence has demonstrated the pivotal role of relaxin-2 in multiple cancers, their role is a double-edged sword with both protumor and antitumor having been reported in various malignant tumors. Considering this dual role, it appears the biological mechanism underpinning the action of relaxin-2 in cancer is not clear and further studies to elucidate their potential as a preventive factor for cancers are of prime importance. Herein, a summarized up-to-date report on the role of relaxin-2 in human cancer including detailed clinical and experimental evidence supporting their tumor-promoting and inhibitory functions in cancer development and progression has been elucidated. Also, signaling pathways and other factors orchestrating the activities of relaxin-2 in the tumor microenvironment has been discussed. Collectively, the evidence from this review has demonstrated the need for further evaluation of the role of relaxin-2 as a diagnostic and or prognostic biomarker for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Boafo Kwantwi
- Department of Medical Imaging Sciences, Klintaps College of Health and Allied Sciences, Accra, DTD. TDC, 30A Klagon, Com. 19, Tema, Ghana.
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5
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Li H, Chen Y, Hu L, Yang W, Gao Z, Liu M, Tao H, Li J. Will metformin use lead to a decreased risk of thyroid cancer? A systematic review and meta-analyses. Eur J Med Res 2023; 28:392. [PMID: 37773165 PMCID: PMC10542235 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-023-01287-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been reported that metformin use may reduce the risk of thyroid cancer, but existing studies have generated inconsistent results. The purpose of this study was to investigate such association between metformin use and the risk of thyroid cancer. METHODS Studies of metformin use for the risk of thyroid cancer were searched in Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, China Biomedical Database, Wanfang Data, and Chinese Scientific Journals Database (VIP) from the establishment date to December 2022. Newcastle-Ottawa scale is adopted for assessing the methodological quality of included studies, and the inter-study heterogeneity was assessed by using the I-squared statistic. Combined odds ratios (ORs) with the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated through either fixed-effects or random-effects model according to the heterogeneity. Besides, subgroup analyses, sensitivity analyses and test for publication bias were conducted. RESULTS Five studies involving 1,713,528 participants were enrolled in the qualitative and quantitative synthesis. The result of the meta-analyses showed that metformin use was associated with a statistically significant lower risk of thyroid cancer (pooled OR = 0.68, 95% CI = 0.50-0.91, P = 0.011). Moreover, in the subgroup analysis, we found that the use of metformin may also aid in the prevention of thyroid cancer in Eastern population (pooled OR = 0.55, 95% CI = 0.35-0.88, P = 0.012) rather than Western population (pooled OR = 0.89, 95% CI = 0.52-1.54, P = 0.685). Sensitivity analysis suggested the results of this meta-analyses were relatively stable. No publication bias was detected. CONCLUSION Metformin use is beneficial for reducing the risk of thyroid cancer. For further investigation, more well-designed studies are still needed to elucidate the association between metformin use and the risk of thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailong Li
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, No.74 Nonglin Road, Guangzhou, 510030, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, People's Republic of China
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Hu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, People's Republic of China
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenzhi Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, People's Republic of China
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Zongshi Gao
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, People's Republic of China
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengqing Liu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Chaohu Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Tao
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, People's Republic of China.
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6
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Nappi A, Miro C. The intricate role of glutamine in pathophysiological contexts. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2023; 34:555-557. [PMID: 37589654 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2023-0179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Annarita Nappi
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Caterina Miro
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
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7
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Sagliocchi S, Acampora L, Cicatiello AG. Deiodination and tumor progression: the interplay between thyroid hormones intracellular activation and the androgen signal. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2023; 34:551-553. [PMID: 37610421 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2023-0155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Serena Sagliocchi
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Lucia Acampora
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
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8
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Peng JM, Su YL. Lymph node metastasis and tumor-educated immune tolerance: Potential therapeutic targets against distant metastasis. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 215:115731. [PMID: 37541450 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
Lymph node metastasis has been shown to positively associated with the prognosis of many cancers. However, in clinical treatment, lymphadenectomy is not always successful, suggesting that immune cells in the tumor and sentinel lymph nodes still play a pivotal role in tumor immunosuppression. Recent studies had shown that tumors can tolerate immune cells through multiple strategies, including tumor-induced macrophage reprogramming, T cells inactivation, production of B cells pathogenic antibodies and activation of regulatory T cells to promote tumor colonization, growth, and metastasis in lymph nodes. We reviewed the bidirectional effect of immune cells on anti-tumor or promotion of cancer cell metastasis during lymph node metastasis, and the mechanisms by which malignant cancer cells modify immune cells to create a more favorable environment for the growth and survival of cancer cells. Research and treatment strategies focusing on the immune system in lymph nodes and potential immune targets in lymph node metastasis were also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jei-Ming Peng
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, No. 123, Dapi Rd., Niaosong Dist., Kaohsiung, 83301, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Li Su
- Division of Hematology Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, No. 123, Dapi Rd., Niaosong Dist., Kaohsiung, 83301, Taiwan.
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9
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Li C, Allison DB, He D, Mao F, Wang X, Rychahou P, Imam IA, Kong Y, Zhang Q, Zhang Y, Liu J, Wang R, Rao X, Wu S, Shao Q, Wang C, Li Z, Liu X. Phosphorylation of AHR by PLK1 promotes metastasis of LUAD via DIO2-TH signaling. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.31.551298. [PMID: 37577647 PMCID: PMC10418090 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.31.551298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Metastasis of Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is a major cause of death in patients. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is an important transcription factor involved in the initiation and progression of lung cancer. Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1), a serine/threonine kinase, is an oncogene that promotes the malignancy of multiple cancer types. Nonetheless, the interaction between these two factors and significance in lung cancer remains to be determined. Here, we demonstrate that PLK1 phosphorylates AHR at S489 in LUAD, which leads to epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and metastatic events. RNA-seq analyses show that type 2 deiodinase (DIO2) is responsible for EMT and enhanced metastatic potential. DIO2 converts tetraiodothyronine (T4) to triiodothyronine (T3), which then activates thyroid hormone signaling. In vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrate that treatment with T3 or T4 promotes the metastasis of LUAD, whereas depletion of DIO2 or deiodinase inhibitor disrupts this property. Taken together, our results identify the phosphorylation of AHR by PLK1 as a mechanism leading to the progression of LUAD and provide possible therapeutic interventions for this event.
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10
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Kaszuba A, Sławińska M, Żółkiewicz J, Sobjanek M, Nowicki RJ, Lange M. Mastocytosis and Skin Cancer: The Current State of Knowledge. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:9840. [PMID: 37372988 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24129840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Mastocytosis is a heterogeneous group of diseases associated with excessive proliferation and accumulation of mast cells in different organs. Recent studies have demonstrated that patients suffering from mastocytosis face an increased risk of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer. The cause of this has not yet been clearly identified. In the literature, the potential influence of several factors has been suggested, including genetic background, the role of cytokines produced by mast cells, iatrogenic and hormonal factors. The article summarizes the current state of knowledge regarding the epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management of skin neoplasia in mastocytosis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Kaszuba
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Smoluchowskiego Street 17, 80-214 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Martyna Sławińska
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Smoluchowskiego Street 17, 80-214 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Jakub Żółkiewicz
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Smoluchowskiego Street 17, 80-214 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Michał Sobjanek
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Smoluchowskiego Street 17, 80-214 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Roman J Nowicki
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Smoluchowskiego Street 17, 80-214 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Magdalena Lange
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Smoluchowskiego Street 17, 80-214 Gdańsk, Poland
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11
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Nappi A, Miro C, Pezone A, Tramontano A, Di Cicco E, Sagliocchi S, Cicatiello AG, Murolo M, Torabinejad S, Abbotto E, Caiazzo G, Raia M, Stornaiuolo M, Antonini D, Fabbrocini G, Salvatore D, Avvedimento VE, Dentice M. Loss of p53 activates thyroid hormone via type 2 deiodinase and enhances DNA damage. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1244. [PMID: 36871014 PMCID: PMC9985592 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36755-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The Thyroid Hormone (TH) activating enzyme, type 2 Deiodinase (D2), is functionally required to elevate the TH concentration during cancer progression to advanced stages. However, the mechanisms regulating D2 expression in cancer still remain poorly understood. Here, we show that the cell stress sensor and tumor suppressor p53 silences D2 expression, thereby lowering the intracellular THs availability. Conversely, even partial loss of p53 elevates D2/TH resulting in stimulation and increased fitness of tumor cells by boosting a significant transcriptional program leading to modulation of genes involved in DNA damage and repair and redox signaling. In vivo genetic deletion of D2 significantly reduces cancer progression and suggests that targeting THs may represent a general tool reducing invasiveness in p53-mutated neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annarita Nappi
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Caterina Miro
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Pezone
- Department of Biology, University of Naples "Federico II", 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Alfonso Tramontano
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Emery Di Cicco
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Serena Sagliocchi
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Melania Murolo
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Sepehr Torabinejad
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Elena Abbotto
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Caiazzo
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Maddalena Raia
- CEINGE, Biotecnologie Avanzate S.c.a.r.l., 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Mariano Stornaiuolo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", 80149, Naples, Italy
| | - Dario Antonini
- Department of Biology, University of Naples "Federico II", 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Gabriella Fabbrocini
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Domenico Salvatore
- CEINGE, Biotecnologie Avanzate S.c.a.r.l., 80131, Naples, Italy.,Department of Public Health, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Vittorio Enrico Avvedimento
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Monica Dentice
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131, Naples, Italy. .,CEINGE, Biotecnologie Avanzate S.c.a.r.l., 80131, Naples, Italy.
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12
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Repositioning of Cefuroxime as novel selective inhibitor of the thyroid hormone activating enzyme type 2 deiodinase. Pharmacol Res 2023; 189:106685. [PMID: 36773711 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
The iodothyronine deiodinases constitute a family of three selenoenzymes regulating the intracellular metabolism of Thyroid Hormones (THs, T4 and T3) and impacting on several physiological processes, including energy metabolism, development and cell differentiation. The type 1, 2 and 3 deiodinases (D1, D2, and D3), are sensitive, rate-limiting components within the TH axis, and rapidly control TH action in physiological conditions or disease. Notably, several human pathologies are characterized by deiodinases deregulation (e.g., inflammation, osteoporosis, metabolic syndrome, muscle wasting and cancer). Consequently, these enzymes are golden targets for the identification and development of pharmacological compounds endowed with modulatory activities. However, until now, the portfolio of inhibitors for deiodinases is limited and the few active compounds lack selectivity. Here, we describe the cephalosporin Cefuroxime as a novel D2 specific inhibitor. In both in vivo and in vitro settings, Cefuroxime acts as a selective inhibitor of D2 activity, without altering the enzymatic activity of D1 and D3. By inhibiting TH activation in target tissues, Cefuroxime alters the sensitivity of the hypothalamus-pituitary axis and interferes with the central regulation of THs levels, and is thus eligible as a potential new regulator of hyperthyroid pathologies, which affect thousands of patients worldwide.
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13
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Ishikawa H, Menju T, Toyazaki T, Miyamoto H, Chiba N, Noguchi M, Tamari S, Miyata R, Yutaka Y, Tanaka S, Yamada Y, Nakajima D, Ohsumi A, Hamaji M, Okuno Y, Date H. A novel cell-based assay for the high-throughput screening of epithelial-mesenchymal transition inhibitors: Identification of approved and investigational drugs that inhibit epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Lung Cancer 2023; 175:36-46. [PMID: 36450215 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2022.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Lung cancer with distant metastases is associated with a very poor prognosis, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) contributes to cancer metastasis. Therefore, elucidation and inhibition of EMT signaling in lung cancer may be a new therapeutic strategy for improving the prognosis of patients. We constructed a high-throughput screening system for EMT inhibitors. Using this system, we aimed to identify compounds that indeed inhibit EMT. MATERIALS AND METHODS We generated a luciferase reporter cell line using A549 human lung cancer cells and E-cadherin or vimentin as EMT markers. EMT was induced by transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1), and candidate EMT inhibitors were screened from a library of 2,350 compounds. The selected compounds were further tested using secondary assays to verify the inhibition of EMT and invasive capacity of cells. RESULTS Values obtained by the assay were adjusted for the number of viable cells and scored by determining the difference between mean values of the positive and negative control groups. Four compounds were identified as novel candidate drugs. Among those, one (avagacestat) and two compounds (GDC-0879 and levothyroxine) improved the expression of E-cadherin and vimentin, respectively, in epithelial cells. GDC-0879 and levothyroxine also significantly inhibited the invasive capacity of cells. CONCLUSION We systematically screened approved, investigational, and druggable compounds with inhibitory effects using a reporter assay, and identified candidate drugs for EMT inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Ishikawa
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Toshi Menju
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.
| | - Toshiya Toyazaki
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Hideaki Miyamoto
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Naohisa Chiba
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Misa Noguchi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Shigeyuki Tamari
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Ryo Miyata
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Yojiro Yutaka
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Satona Tanaka
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Yoshito Yamada
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Daisuke Nakajima
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Akihiro Ohsumi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Masatsugu Hamaji
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Yukiko Okuno
- The Drug Discovery Center, Medical Research Support, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 53 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Date
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
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14
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Murolo M, Di Vincenzo O, Cicatiello AG, Scalfi L, Dentice M. Cardiovascular and Neuronal Consequences of Thyroid Hormones Alterations in the Ischemic Stroke. Metabolites 2022; 13:metabo13010022. [PMID: 36676947 PMCID: PMC9863748 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13010022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is one of the leading global causes of neurological morbidity and decease. Its etiology depends on multiple events such as cardiac embolism, brain capillaries occlusion and atherosclerosis, which ultimately culminate in blood flow interruption, incurring hypoxia and nutrient deprivation. Thyroid hormones (THs) are pleiotropic modulators of several metabolic pathways, and critically influence different aspects of tissues development. The brain is a key TH target tissue and both hypo- and hyperthyroidism, during embryonic and adult life, are associated with deranged neuronal formation and cognitive functions. Accordingly, increasing pieces of evidence are drawing attention on the consistent relationship between the THs status and the acute cerebral and cardiac diseases. However, the concrete contribution of THs systemic or local alteration to the pathology outcome still needs to be fully addressed. In this review, we aim to summarize the multiple influences that THs exert on the brain and heart patho-physiology, to deepen the reasons for the harmful effects of hypo- and hyperthyroidism on these organs and to provide insights on the intricate relationship between the THs variations and the pathological alterations that take place after the ischemic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melania Murolo
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Olivia Di Vincenzo
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | | | - Luca Scalfi
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Monica Dentice
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate S.c.a.r.l., 80131 Naples, Italy
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15
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Xie C, Li Z, Hua Y, Sun S, Zhong L, Chen Q, Feng H, Ji N, Li T, Zhou X, Zeng X, Tang Z, Sun C, Li J, Chen Q. Identification of a BRAF/PA28γ/MEK1 signaling axis and its role in epithelial-mesenchymal transition in oral submucous fibrosis. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:701. [PMID: 35961969 PMCID: PMC9374740 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05152-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) is a chronic and insidious oral potentially malignant disorder associated with a 4-17% risk of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Our previous study found that proteasomal activator 28 gamma (PA28γ) is frequently overexpressed in oral squamous cell carcinoma and negatively correlated with poor patient prognosis. However, the role of PA28γ in the occurrence and development of OSF remains unclear. Here, we screened PA28γ-related genes and investigated their function in OSF. We demonstrated that the expression of PA28γ was positively associated with MEK1 and gradually elevated from normal to progressive stages of OSF tissue. Arecoline, a pathogenic component of OSF, could upregulate the protein levels of PA28γ and phosphorylated MEK1 and contribute to epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) in epithelial cells. Notably, PA28γ could interact with MEK1 and upregulate its phosphorylation level. Furthermore, arecoline upregulated BRAF, which can interact with PA28γ and upregulate its protein level. Additionally, BRAF, PA28γ, and MEK1 could form protein complexes and then enhance the MEK1/ERK signaling pathways. The concrete mechanism of the protein stability of PA28γ is that BRAF mediates its degradation by inhibiting its ubiquitination. These findings underscore the instrumental role of PA28γ in the BRAF/MEK1 pathway and enhanced EMT through MEK1/ERK activation in OSF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changqing Xie
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stom atology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041 People’s Republic of China ,grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Xiangya Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, Postdoctoral Research Workstation, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078 People’s Republic of China
| | - Zaiye Li
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stom atology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yufei Hua
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stom atology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041 People’s Republic of China
| | - Silu Sun
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stom atology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041 People’s Republic of China
| | - Liang Zhong
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stom atology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041 People’s Republic of China
| | - Qian Chen
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stom atology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041 People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui Feng
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stom atology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041 People’s Republic of China ,grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Xiangya Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, Postdoctoral Research Workstation, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078 People’s Republic of China
| | - Ning Ji
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stom atology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041 People’s Republic of China
| | - Taiwen Li
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stom atology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xikun Zhou
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Zeng
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stom atology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041 People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhangui Tang
- grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Xiangya Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, Postdoctoral Research Workstation, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078 People’s Republic of China
| | - Chongkui Sun
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stom atology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Li
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stom atology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041 People’s Republic of China
| | - Qianming Chen
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stom atology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041 People’s Republic of China
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16
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Lasa M, Contreras-Jurado C. Thyroid hormones act as modulators of inflammation through their nuclear receptors. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:937099. [PMID: 36004343 PMCID: PMC9393327 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.937099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Reciprocal crosstalk between endocrine and immune systems has been well-documented both in physiological and pathological conditions, although the connection between the immune system and thyroid hormones (THs) remains largely unclear. Inflammation and infection are two important processes modulated by the immune system, which have profound effects on both central and peripheral THs metabolism. Conversely, optimal levels of THs are necessary for the maintenance of immune function and response. Although some effects of THs are mediated by their binding to cell membrane integrin receptors, triggering a non-genomic response, most of the actions of these hormones involve their binding to specific nuclear thyroid receptors (TRs), which generate a genomic response by modulating the activity of a great variety of transcription factors. In this special review on THs role in health and disease, we highlight the relevance of these hormones in the molecular mechanisms linked to inflammation upon their binding to specific nuclear receptors. In particular, we focus on THs effects on different signaling pathways involved in the inflammation associated with various infectious and/or pathological processes, emphasizing those mediated by NF-kB, p38MAPK and JAK/STAT. The findings showed in this review suggest new opportunities to improve current therapeutic strategies for the treatment of inflammation associated with several infections and/or diseases, such as cancer, sepsis or Covid-19 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Lasa
- Departamento de Bioquímica-Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols”, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Constanza Contreras-Jurado
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Alfonso X El Sabio, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Fisiopatología Endocrina y del Sistema Nervioso, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols”, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
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17
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Yamauchi I, Sakane Y, Okuno Y, Sugawa T, Hakata T, Fujita H, Okamoto K, Taura D, Yamashita T, Hirota K, Ueda Y, Fujii T, Yasoda A, Inagaki N. High-throughput Screening in Combination With a Cohort Study for Iodothyronine Deiodinases. Endocrinology 2022; 163:6607576. [PMID: 35695766 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqac090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Regulatory mechanisms of iodothyronine deiodinases (DIOs) require further elucidation, and conventional methods for evaluating DIOs are unsuitable for high-throughput screening (HTS). Here we explored factors of transcriptional regulation of 3 types of DIOs (DIO1, DIO2, and DIO3) from a chemical library using our designed HTS. We constructed HTS based on a promoter assay and performed a screen of 2480 bioactive compounds. For compounds that were clinically approved, we validated hit compounds through a retrospective cohort study in our department that evaluated changes in thyroid function in patients using the compounds as drug therapy. Furthermore, we verified the involvement of DIOs using mice treated with the compounds. Of the hit compounds, 6 and 7 compounds transcriptionally up- and downregulated DIO1, respectively; 34 transcriptionally upregulated DIO2; and 5 and 2 compounds transcriptionally up- and downregulated DIO3, respectively. The cohort study clarified the clinical effects of some hit compounds: ritodrine increased free triiodothyronine (fT3)/free thyroxine (fT4) ratio and decreased serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels, tadalafil increased serum fT3 levels, and tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) decreased serum fT3 and fT4 levels and increased serum TSH levels. Following in vivo experiments using treated mice, consistent results were observed in ritodrine, which upregulated DIO2 in the thyroid gland. In conclusion, we completed HTS for DIOs and obtained attractive hit compounds. Our cohort study revealed the clinical significance of ritodrine, sildenafil, and TKIs. We hope our unique method will contribute to analyzing various targets and lists of hit compounds will promote understanding of DIOs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ichiro Yamauchi
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoriko Sakane
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
- Sugawa Clinic, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yukiko Okuno
- Medical Research Support Center, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Taku Sugawa
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takuro Hakata
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Haruka Fujita
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kentaro Okamoto
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Daisuke Taura
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takafumi Yamashita
- Metabolism and Endocrinology Division of Internal Medicine, Kishiwada City Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Keisho Hirota
- Department of Pathology and Biology of Diseases, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yohei Ueda
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Toshihito Fujii
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akihiro Yasoda
- Clinical Research Center, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Nobuya Inagaki
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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18
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The Contributions of Cancer-Testis and Developmental Genes to the Pathogenesis of Keratinocyte Carcinomas. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14153630. [PMID: 35892887 PMCID: PMC9367444 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14153630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In addition to mutations, ectopically-expressed genes are emerging as important contributors to cancer development. Efforts to characterize the expression patterns in cancers of gamete-restricted cancer-testis antigens and developmentally-restricted genes are underway, revealing these genes to be putative biomarkers and therapeutic targets for various malignancies. Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) are two highly-prevalent non-melanoma skin cancers that result in considerable burden on patients and our health system. To optimize disease prognostication and treatment, it is necessary to further classify the molecular complexity of these malignancies. This review describes the expression patterns and functions of cancer-testis antigens and developmentally-restricted genes in BCC and cSCC tumors. A large number of cancer-testis antigens and developmental genes exhibit substantial expression levels in BCC and cSCC. These genes have been shown to contribute to several aspects of cancer biology, including tumorigenesis, differentiation, invasion and responses to anti-cancer therapy. Abstract Keratinocyte carcinomas are among the most prevalent malignancies worldwide. Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) are the two cancers recognized as keratinocyte carcinomas. The standard of care for treating these cancers includes surgery and ablative therapies. However, in recent years, targeted therapies (e.g., cetuximab for cSCC and vismodegib/sonidegib for BCC) have been used to treat advanced disease as well as immunotherapy (e.g., cemiplimab). These treatments are expensive and have significant toxicities with objective response rates approaching ~50–65%. Hence, there is a need to dissect the molecular pathogenesis of these cancers to identify novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets to improve disease management. Several cancer-testis antigens (CTA) and developmental genes (including embryonic stem cell factors and fetal genes) are ectopically expressed in BCC and cSCC. When ectopically expressed in malignant tissues, functions of these genes may be recaptured to promote tumorigenesis. CTAs and developmental genes are emerging as important players in the pathogenesis of BCC and cSCC, positioning themselves as attractive candidate biomarkers and therapeutic targets requiring rigorous testing. Herein, we review the current research and offer perspectives on the contributions of CTAs and developmental genes to the pathogenesis of keratinocyte carcinomas.
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Genenger B, Perry JR, Ashford B, Ranson M. A tEMTing target? Clinical and experimental evidence for epithelial-mesenchymal transition in the progression of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (a scoping systematic review). Discov Oncol 2022; 13:42. [PMID: 35666359 PMCID: PMC9170863 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-022-00510-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is a disease with globally rising incidence and poor prognosis for patients with advanced or metastatic disease. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a driver of metastasis in many carcinomas, and cSCC is no exception. We aimed to provide a systematic overview of the clinical and experimental evidence for EMT in cSCC, with critical appraisal of type and quality of the methodology used. We then used this information as rationale for potential drug targets against advanced and metastatic cSCC. All primary literature encompassing clinical and cell-based or xenograft experimental studies reporting on the role of EMT markers or related signalling pathways in the progression of cSCC were considered. A screen of 3443 search results yielded 86 eligible studies comprising 44 experimental studies, 22 clinical studies, and 20 studies integrating both. From the clinical studies a timeline illustrating the alteration of EMT markers and related signalling was evident based on clinical progression of the disease. The experimental studies reveal connections of EMT with a multitude of factors such as genetic disorders, cancer-associated fibroblasts, and matrix remodelling via matrix metalloproteinases and urokinase plasminogen activator. Additionally, EMT was found to be closely tied to environmental factors as well as to stemness in cSCC via NFκB and β-catenin. We conclude that the canonical EGFR, canonical TGF-βR, PI3K/AKT and NFκB signalling are the four signalling pillars that induce EMT in cSCC and could be valuable therapeutic targets. Despite the complexity, EMT markers and pathways are desirable biomarkers and drug targets for the treatment of advanced or metastatic cSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Genenger
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia.
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW, Australia.
| | - Jay R Perry
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Bruce Ashford
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Marie Ranson
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia.
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW, Australia.
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20
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Quadri M, Marconi A, Sandhu SK, Kiss A, Efimova T, Palazzo E. Investigating Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma in vitro and in vivo: Novel 3D Tools and Animal Models. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:875517. [PMID: 35646967 PMCID: PMC9131878 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.875517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma (cSCC) represents the second most common type of skin cancer, which incidence is continuously increasing worldwide. Given its high frequency, cSCC represents a major public health problem. Therefore, to provide the best patients’ care, it is necessary having a detailed understanding of the molecular processes underlying cSCC development, progression, and invasion. Extensive efforts have been made in developing new models allowing to study the molecular pathogenesis of solid tumors, including cSCC tumors. Traditionally, in vitro studies were performed with cells grown in a two-dimensional context, which, however, does not represent the complexity of tumor in vivo. In the recent years, new in vitro models have been developed aiming to mimic the three-dimensionality (3D) of the tumor, allowing the evaluation of tumor cell-cell and tumor-microenvironment interaction in an in vivo-like setting. These models include spheroids, organotypic cultures, skin reconstructs and organoids. Although 3D models demonstrate high potential to enhance the overall knowledge in cancer research, they lack systemic components which may be solved only by using animal models. Zebrafish is emerging as an alternative xenotransplant model in cancer research, offering a high-throughput approach for drug screening and real-time in vivo imaging to study cell invasion. Moreover, several categories of mouse models were developed for pre-clinical purpose, including xeno- and syngeneic transplantation models, autochthonous models of chemically or UV-induced skin squamous carcinogenesis, and genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs) of cSCC. These models have been instrumental in examining the molecular mechanisms of cSCC and drug response in an in vivo setting. The present review proposes an overview of in vitro, particularly 3D, and in vivo models and their application in cutaneous SCC research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marika Quadri
- DermoLAB, Department of Surgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Science, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Alessandra Marconi
- DermoLAB, Department of Surgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Science, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Simran K Sandhu
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, United States.,The George Washington Cancer Center, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, United States.,Department of Dermatology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Alexi Kiss
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, United States.,The George Washington Cancer Center, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Tatiana Efimova
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, United States.,The George Washington Cancer Center, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, United States.,Department of Dermatology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Elisabetta Palazzo
- DermoLAB, Department of Surgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Science, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
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Huang Z, Zhang Z, Zhou C, Liu L, Huang C. Epithelial–mesenchymal transition: The history, regulatory mechanism, and cancer therapeutic opportunities. MedComm (Beijing) 2022; 3:e144. [PMID: 35601657 PMCID: PMC9115588 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a program wherein epithelial cells lose their junctions and polarity while acquiring mesenchymal properties and invasive ability. Originally defined as an embryogenesis event, EMT has been recognized as a crucial process in tumor progression. During EMT, cell–cell junctions and cell–matrix attachments are disrupted, and the cytoskeleton is remodeled to enhance mobility of cells. This transition of phenotype is largely driven by a group of key transcription factors, typically Snail, Twist, and ZEB, through epigenetic repression of epithelial markers, transcriptional activation of matrix metalloproteinases, and reorganization of cytoskeleton. Mechanistically, EMT is orchestrated by multiple pathways, especially those involved in embryogenesis such as TGFβ, Wnt, Hedgehog, and Hippo, suggesting EMT as an intrinsic link between embryonic development and cancer progression. In addition, redox signaling has also emerged as critical EMT modulator. EMT confers cancer cells with increased metastatic potential and drug resistant capacity, which accounts for tumor recurrence in most clinic cases. Thus, targeting EMT can be a therapeutic option providing a chance of cure for cancer patients. Here, we introduce a brief history of EMT and summarize recent advances in understanding EMT mechanisms, as well as highlighting the therapeutic opportunities by targeting EMT in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Chengwei Zhou
- Department of Thoracic Surgery the Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Ningbo University Ningbo China
| | - Lin Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery the Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Ningbo University Ningbo China
| | - Canhua Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy Chengdu 610041 China
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22
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Monocarboxylate Transporters Are Involved in Extracellular Matrix Remodelling in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14051298. [PMID: 35267606 PMCID: PMC8909080 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14051298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an aggressive malignancy with a five-year survival rate of <8%. PDAC is characterised by desmoplasia with an abundant extracellular matrix (ECM) rendering current therapies ineffective. Monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs) are key regulators of cellular metabolism and are upregulated in different cancers; however, their role in PDAC desmoplasia is little understood. Here, we investigated MCT and ECM gene expression in primary PDAC patient biopsies using RNA-sequencing data obtained from Gene Expression Omnibus. We generated a hypernetwork model from these data to investigate whether a causal relationship exists between MCTs and ECMs. Our analysis of stromal and epithelial tissues (n = 189) revealed nine differentially expressed MCTs, including the upregulation of SLC16A2/6/10 and the non-coding SLC16A1-AS1, and 502 ECMs, including collagens, laminins, and ECM remodelling enzymes (false discovery rate < 0.05). A causal hypernetwork analysis demonstrated a bidirectional relationship between MCTs and ECMs; four MCT and 255 ECM-related transcripts correlated with 90% of the differentially expressed ECMs (n = 376) and MCTs (n = 7), respectively. The hypernetwork model was robust, established by iterated sampling, direct path analysis, validation by an independent dataset, and random forests. This transcriptomic analysis highlights the role of MCTs in PDAC desmoplasia via associations with ECMs, opening novel treatment pathways to improve patient survival.
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Thyroid hormone and androgen signals mutually interplay and enhance inflammation and tumorigenic activation of tumor microenvironment in prostate cancer. Cancer Lett 2022; 532:215581. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2022.215581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Li G, Gong J, Cao S, Wu Z, Cheng D, Zhu J, Huang X, Tang J, Yuan Y, Cai W, Zhang H. The Non-Coding RNAs Inducing Drug Resistance in Ovarian Cancer: A New Perspective for Understanding Drug Resistance. Front Oncol 2021; 11:742149. [PMID: 34660304 PMCID: PMC8514763 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.742149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer, a common malignant tumor, is one of the primary causes of cancer-related deaths in women. Systemic chemotherapy with platinum-based compounds or taxanes is the first-line treatment for ovarian cancer. However, resistance to these chemotherapeutic drugs worsens the prognosis. The underlying mechanism of chemotherapeutic resistance in ovarian cancer remains unclear. Non-coding RNAs, including long non-coding RNAs, microRNAs, and circular RNAs, have been implicated in the development of drug resistance. Abnormally expressed non-coding RNAs can promote ovarian cancer resistance by inducing apoptosis inhibition, protective autophagy, abnormal tumor cell proliferation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, abnormal glycolysis, drug efflux, and cancer cell stemness. This review summarizes the role of non-coding RNAs in the development of chemotherapeutic resistance in ovarian cancer, including their mechanisms, targets, and potential signaling pathways. This will facilitate the development of novel chemotherapeutic agents that can target these non-coding RNAs and improve ovarian cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaofeng Li
- School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Jun Gong
- Department of Abdominal and Pelvic Medical Oncology, Huangshi Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei Polytechnic University, Edong Healthcare Group, Huangshi, China
| | - Shulong Cao
- School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Zhaoyang Wu
- School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Dong Cheng
- Hubei Cancer Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jia Zhu
- Hubei Enshi College, Enshi, China
| | - Xuqun Huang
- Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, Huangshi Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei Polytechnic University, Edong Healthcare Group, Huangshi, China
| | - Jingyi Tang
- School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Yuning Yuan
- School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Wenqi Cai
- School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Haiyuan Zhang
- School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
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Methyltransferase like 13 mediates the translation of Snail in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Int J Oral Sci 2021; 13:26. [PMID: 34381012 PMCID: PMC8357922 DOI: 10.1038/s41368-021-00130-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Methyltransferase like 13 (METTL13), a kind of methyltransferase, is implicated in protein binding and synthesis. The upregulation of METTL13 has been reported in a variety of tumors. However, little was known about its potential function in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) so far. In this study, we found that METTL13 was significantly upregulated in HNSCC at both mRNA and protein level. Increased METTL13 was negatively associated with clinical prognosis. And METTL13 markedly affected HNSCC cellular phenotypes in vivo and vitro. Further mechanism study revealed that METTL13 could regulate EMT signaling pathway by mediating enhancing translation efficiency of Snail, the key transcription factor in EMT, hence regulating the progression of EMT. Furthermore, Snail was verified to mediate METTL13-induced HNSCC cell malignant phenotypes. Altogether, our study had revealed the oncogenic role of METTL13 in HNSCC, and provided a potential therapeutic strategy.
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Mancino G, Miro C, Di Cicco E, Dentice M. Thyroid hormone action in epidermal development and homeostasis and its implications in the pathophysiology of the skin. J Endocrinol Invest 2021; 44:1571-1579. [PMID: 33683663 PMCID: PMC8285348 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-020-01492-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Thyroid hormones (THs) are key endocrine regulators of tissue development and homeostasis. They are constantly released into the bloodstream and help to regulate many cell functions. The principal products released by the follicular epithelial cells are T3 and T4. T4, which is the less active form of TH, is produced in greater amounts than T3, which is the most active form of TH. This mechanism highlights the importance of the peripheral regulation of TH levels that goes beyond the central axis. Skin, muscle, liver, bone and heart are finely regulated by TH. In particular, skin is among the target organs most influenced by TH, which is essential for skin homeostasis. Accordingly, skin diseases are associated with an altered thyroid status. Alopecia, dermatitis and vitiligo are associated with thyroiditis and alopecia and eczema are frequently correlated with the Graves' disease. However, only in recent decades have studies started to clarify the molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of TH in epidermal homeostasis. Herein, we summarize the most frequent clinical epidermal alterations linked to thyroid diseases and review the principal mechanisms involved in TH control of keratinocyte proliferation and functional differentiation. Our aim is to define the open questions in this field that are beginning to be elucidated thanks to the advent of mouse models of altered TH metabolism and to obtain novel insights into the physiopathological consequences of TH metabolism on the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Mancino
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", Via S. Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - C Miro
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", Via S. Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - E Di Cicco
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", Via S. Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - M Dentice
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", Via S. Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy.
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate Scarl, Naples, Italy.
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Ishii S, Amano I, Koibuchi N. The Role of Thyroid Hormone in the Regulation of Cerebellar Development. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul) 2021; 36:703-716. [PMID: 34365775 PMCID: PMC8419606 DOI: 10.3803/enm.2021.1150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The proper organized expression of specific genes in time and space is responsible for the organogenesis of the central nervous system including the cerebellum. The epigenetic regulation of gene expression is tightly regulated by an intrinsic intracellular genetic program, local stimuli such as synaptic inputs and trophic factors, and peripheral stimuli from outside of the brain including hormones. Some hormone receptors are expressed in the cerebellum. Thyroid hormones (THs), among numerous circulating hormones, are well-known major regulators of cerebellar development. In both rodents and human, hypothyroidism during the postnatal developmental period results in abnormal morphogenesis or altered function. THs bind to the thyroid hormone receptors (TRs) in the nuclei and with the help of transcriptional cofactors regulate the transcription of target genes. Gene regulation by TR induces cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation, which are necessary for brain development and plasticity. Thus, the lack of TH action mediators may directly cause aberrant cerebellar development. Various kinds of animal models have been established in a bid to study the mechanism of TH action in the cerebellum. Interestingly, the phenotypes differ greatly depending on the models. Herein we summarize the actions of TH and TR particularly in the developing cerebellum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumiyasu Ishii
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Izuki Amano
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Koibuchi
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
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Harnessing Carcinoma Cell Plasticity Mediated by TGF-β Signaling. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13143397. [PMID: 34298613 PMCID: PMC8307280 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13143397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary This review describes mechanisms driving epithelial plasticity in carcinoma mediated by transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) signaling. Plasticity in carcinoma is frequently induced through epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), an evolutionary conserved process in the development of multicellular organisms. The review explores the multifaceted functions of EMT, particularly focusing on the intermediate stages, which provide more adaptive responses of carcinoma cells in their microenvironment. The review critically considers how different intermediate or hybrid EMT stages confer carcinoma cells with stemness, refractoriness to therapies, and ability to execute all steps of the metastatic cascade. Finally, the review provides examples of therapeutic interventions based on the EMT concept. Abstract Epithelial cell plasticity, a hallmark of carcinoma progression, results in local and distant cancer dissemination. Carcinoma cell plasticity can be achieved through epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), with cells positioned seemingly indiscriminately across the spectrum of EMT phenotypes. Different degrees of plasticity are achieved by transcriptional regulation and feedback-loops, which confer carcinoma cells with unique properties of tumor propagation and therapy resistance. Decoding the molecular and cellular basis of EMT in carcinoma should enable the discovery of new therapeutic strategies against cancer. In this review, we discuss the different attributes of plasticity in carcinoma and highlight the role of the canonical TGFβ receptor signaling pathway in the acquisition of plasticity. We emphasize the potential stochasticity of stemness in carcinoma in relation to plasticity and provide data from recent clinical trials that seek to target plasticity.
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Treps L, Faure S, Clere N. Vasculogenic mimicry, a complex and devious process favoring tumorigenesis – Interest in making it a therapeutic target. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 223:107805. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Di Cicco E, Moran C, Visser WE, Nappi A, Schoenmakers E, Todd P, Lyons G, Dattani M, Ambrosio R, Parisi S, Salvatore D, Chatterjee K, Dentice M. Germ Line Mutations in the Thyroid Hormone Receptor Alpha Gene Predispose to Cutaneous Tags and Melanocytic Nevi. Thyroid 2021; 31:1114-1126. [PMID: 33509032 PMCID: PMC8290313 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2020.0391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Background: Many physiological effects of thyroid hormone (TH) are mediated by its canonical action via nuclear receptors (TH receptor α and β [TRα and TRβ]) to regulate transcription of target genes. Heterozygous dominant negative mutations in human TRα mediate resistance to thyroid hormone alpha (RTHα), characterized by features of hypothyroidism (e.g., skeletal dysplasia, neurodevelopmental retardation, constipation) in specific tissues, but near-normal circulating TH concentrations. Hitherto, 41 RTHα cases have been recorded worldwide. Methods: RTHα cases (n = 10) attending a single center underwent cutaneous assessment, recording skin lesions. Lesions excised from different RTHα patients were analyzed histologically and profiled for cellular markers of proliferation and oncogenic potential. Proliferative characteristics of dermal fibroblasts and inducible pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived keratinocytes from patients and control subjects were analyzed. Results: Multiple skin tags and nevi were recorded in all cases, mainly in the head and neck area with a predilection for flexures. The affected patients had highly deleterious mutations (p.E403X, p.E403K, p.F397fs406X, p.A382PfsX7) involving TRα1 alone or mild/moderate loss-of-function mutations (p.A263V, p.L274P) common to TRα1 and TRα2 isoforms. In four patients, although lesions excised for cosmetic reasons were benign intradermal melanocytic nevi histologically, they significantly overexpressed markers of cell proliferation (K17, cyclin D1) and type 3 deiodinase. In addition, oncogenic markers typical of basal cell carcinoma (Gli-1, Gli-2, Ptch-1, n = 2 cases) and melanoma (c-kit, MAGE, CDK4, n = 1) were markedly upregulated in skin lesions. Cell cycle progression and proliferation of TRα mutation-containing dermal fibroblasts and iPSC-derived keratinocytes from patients were markedly increased. Conclusions: Our observations highlight frequent occurrence of skin tags and benign melanocytic nevi in RTHα, with cutaneous cells from patients being in a hyperproliferative state. Such excess of skin lesions, including nevi expressing oncogenic markers, indicates that dermatologic surveillance of RTHα patients, monitoring lesions for features that are suspicious for neoplastic change, is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emery Di Cicco
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Carla Moran
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - W. Edward Visser
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Annarita Nappi
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Erik Schoenmakers
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Pamela Todd
- Department of Dermatology, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Greta Lyons
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Mehul Dattani
- Genetics and Genomics Programme, UCL GOS Institute of Child Health London; Great Ormond St Hospital for Children, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Endocrinology, Great Ormond St Hospital for Children, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Silvia Parisi
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, and University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Domenico Salvatore
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Krishna Chatterjee
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Address correspondence to: Krishna Chatterjee, MD, Level 4, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Box 289, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Monica Dentice
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Address correspondence to: Monica Dentice, PhD, Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Via Pansini 5, Naples 80131, Italy
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Miro C, Nappi A, Cicatiello AG, Di Cicco E, Sagliocchi S, Murolo M, Belli V, Troiani T, Albanese S, Amiranda S, Zavacki AM, Stornaiuolo M, Mancini M, Salvatore D, Dentice M. Thyroid Hormone Enhances Angiogenesis and the Warburg Effect in Squamous Cell Carcinomas. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13112743. [PMID: 34205977 PMCID: PMC8199095 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13112743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Cancer cells rewire their metabolism to promote growth, survival, proliferation, and long-term maintenance. Aerobic glycolysis is a prominent trait of many cancers; contextually, glutamine addiction, enhanced glucose uptake and aerobic glycolysis sustain the metabolic needs of rapidly proliferating cancer cells. Thyroid hormone (TH) is a positive regulator of tumor progression and metastatic conversion of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Accordingly, overexpression of the TH activating enzyme, D2, is associated with metastatic SCC. The aim of our study was to assess the ability of TH and its activating enzyme in promoting key tracts of cancer progression such as angiogenesis, response to hypoxia and metabolic adaptation. By performing in vivo and in vitro studies, we demonstrate that TH induces VEGF-A in cancer cells and fosters aerobic glycolysis inducing pro-glycolytic mediators, thus implying that TH signal attenuation represents a therapeutic tool to contrast tumor angiogenesis and tumor progression. Abstract Cancer angiogenesis is required to support energetic demand and metabolic stress, particularly during conditions of hypoxia. Coupled to neo-vasculogenesis, cancer cells rewire metabolic programs to sustain growth, survival and long-term maintenance. Thyroid hormone (TH) signaling regulates growth and differentiation in a variety of cell types and tissues, thus modulating hyper proliferative processes such as cancer. Herein, we report that TH coordinates a global program of metabolic reprogramming and induces angiogenesis through up-regulation of the VEGF-A gene, which results in the enhanced proliferation of tumor endothelial cells. In vivo conditional depletion of the TH activating enzyme in a mouse model of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) reduces the concentration of TH in the tumoral cells and results in impaired VEGF-A production and attenuated angiogenesis. In addition, we found that TH induces the expression of the glycolytic genes and fosters lactate production, which are key traits of the Warburg effect. Taken together, our results reveal a TH–VEGF-A–HIF1α regulatory axis leading to enhanced angiogenesis and glycolytic flux, which may represent a target for SCC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Miro
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.M.); (A.N.); (A.G.C.); (E.D.C.); (S.S.); (M.M.)
| | - Annarita Nappi
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.M.); (A.N.); (A.G.C.); (E.D.C.); (S.S.); (M.M.)
| | - Annunziata Gaetana Cicatiello
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.M.); (A.N.); (A.G.C.); (E.D.C.); (S.S.); (M.M.)
| | - Emery Di Cicco
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.M.); (A.N.); (A.G.C.); (E.D.C.); (S.S.); (M.M.)
| | - Serena Sagliocchi
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.M.); (A.N.); (A.G.C.); (E.D.C.); (S.S.); (M.M.)
| | - Melania Murolo
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.M.); (A.N.); (A.G.C.); (E.D.C.); (S.S.); (M.M.)
| | - Valentina Belli
- Laboratorio di Oncologia Molecolare, Dipartimento di Medicina di Precisione, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 81100 Caserta, Italy; (V.B.); (T.T.)
| | - Teresa Troiani
- Laboratorio di Oncologia Molecolare, Dipartimento di Medicina di Precisione, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 81100 Caserta, Italy; (V.B.); (T.T.)
| | - Sandra Albanese
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging of the National Research Council, 80131 Naples, Italy; (S.A.); (M.M.)
| | - Sara Amiranda
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy;
- CEINGE–Biotecnologie Avanzate Scarl, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Ann Marie Zavacki
- Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 01451, USA;
| | - Mariano Stornaiuolo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Marcello Mancini
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging of the National Research Council, 80131 Naples, Italy; (S.A.); (M.M.)
| | - Domenico Salvatore
- CEINGE–Biotecnologie Avanzate Scarl, 80131 Naples, Italy;
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Monica Dentice
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.M.); (A.N.); (A.G.C.); (E.D.C.); (S.S.); (M.M.)
- CEINGE–Biotecnologie Avanzate Scarl, 80131 Naples, Italy;
- Correspondence:
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Abstract
Hormones are key drivers of cancer development, and alteration of the intratumoral concentration of thyroid hormone (TH) is a common feature of many human neoplasias. Besides the systemic control of TH levels, the expression and activity of deiodinases constitute a major mechanism for the cell-autonomous, prereceptoral control of TH action. The action of deiodinases ensures tight control of TH availability at intracellular level in a time- and tissue-specific manner, and alterations in deiodinase expression are frequent in tumors. Research over the past decades has shown that in cancer cells, a complex and dynamic expression of deiodinases is orchestrated by a network of growth factors, oncogenic proteins, and miRNA. It has become increasingly evident that this fine regulation exposes cancer cells to a dynamic concentration of TH that is functional to stimulate or inhibit various cellular functions. This review summarizes recent advances in the identification of the complex interplay between deiodinases and cancer and how this family of enzymes is relevant in cancer progression. We also discuss whether deiodinase expression could represent a diagnostic tool with which to define tumor staging in cancer treatment or even a therapeutic tool against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annarita Nappi
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples “Federico II,” Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Angela De Stefano
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples “Federico II,” Naples, Italy
| | - Monica Dentice
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples “Federico II,” Naples, Italy
| | - Domenico Salvatore
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples “Federico II,” Naples, Italy
- Correspondence: Domenico Salvatore, Department of Public Health, University of Naples “Federico II”, Napoli, Italy.
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Progression of Metastasis through Lymphatic System. Cells 2021; 10:cells10030627. [PMID: 33808959 PMCID: PMC7999434 DOI: 10.3390/cells10030627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lymph nodes are the most common sites of metastasis in cancer patients. Nodal disease status provides great prognostic power, but how lymph node metastases should be treated is under debate. Thus, it is important to understand the mechanisms by which lymph node metastases progress and how they can be targeted to provide therapeutic benefits. In this review, we focus on delineating the process of cancer cell migration to and through lymphatic vessels, survival in draining lymph nodes and further spread to other distant organs. In addition, emerging molecular targets and potential strategies to inhibit lymph node metastasis are discussed.
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An X, Ogawa-Wong A, Carmody C, Ambrosio R, Cicatiello AG, Luongo C, Salvatore D, Handy DE, Larsen PR, Wajner SM, Dentice M, Zavacki AM. A Type 2 Deiodinase-Dependent Increase in Vegfa Mediates Myoblast-Endothelial Cell Crosstalk During Skeletal Muscle Regeneration. Thyroid 2021; 31:115-127. [PMID: 32787533 PMCID: PMC7840309 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2020.0291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Background: The type 2 deiodinase (DIO2) converts thyroxine to 3,3',5-triiodothyronine (T3), modulating intracellular T3. An increase in DIO2 within muscle stem cells during skeletal muscle regeneration leads to T3-dependent potentiation of differentiation. The muscle stem cell niche comprises numerous cell types, which coordinate the regeneration process. For example, muscle stem cells provide secretory signals stimulating endothelial cell-mediated vascular repair, and, in turn, endothelial cells promote muscle stem differentiation. We hypothesized that Dio2 loss in muscle stem cells directly impairs muscle stem cell-endothelial cell communication, leading to downstream disruption of endothelial cell function. Methods: We assessed the production of proangiogenic factors in differentiated C2C12 cells and in a C2C12 cell line without Dio2 (D2KO C2C12) by real-time quantitative-polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Conditioned medium (CM) was collected daily in parallel to evaluate its effects on human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) proliferation, migration and chemotaxis, and vascular network formation. The effects of T3-treatment on vascular endothelial growth factor (Vegfa) mRNA expression in C2C12 cells and mouse muscle were assessed. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) identified thyroid hormone receptor (TR) binding to the Vegfa gene. Using mice with a targeted disruption of Dio2 (D2KO mice), we determined endothelial cell number by immunohistochemistry/flow cytometry and evaluated related gene expression in both uninjured and injured skeletal muscle. Results: In differentiated D2KO C2C12 cells, Vegfa expression was 46% of wildtype (WT) C2C12 cells, while secreted VEGF was 45%. D2KO C2C12 CM exhibited significantly less proangiogenic effects on HUVECs. In vitro and in vivo T3 treatment of C2C12 cells and WT mice, and ChIP using antibodies against TRα, indicated that Vegfa is a direct genomic T3 target. In uninjured D2KO soleus muscle, Vegfa expression was decreased by 28% compared with WT mice, while endothelial cell numbers were decreased by 48%. Seven days after skeletal muscle injury, D2KO mice had 36% fewer endothelial cells, coinciding with an 83% decrease in Vegfa expression in fluorescence-activated cell sorting purified muscle stem cells. Conclusion:Dio2 loss in the muscle stem cell impairs muscle stem cell-endothelial cell crosstalk via changes in the T3-responsive gene Vegfa, leading to downstream impairment of endothelial cell function both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingxing An
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, Department of Endocrinology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ashley Ogawa-Wong
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Colleen Carmody
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | | | - Cristina Luongo
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples “Federico II,” Naples, Italy
| | - Domenico Salvatore
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples “Federico II,” Naples, Italy
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate Scarl, Naples, Italy
| | - Diane E. Handy
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - P. Reed Larsen
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Simone Magagnin Wajner
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Endocrine Division, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Monica Dentice
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery and University of Naples “Federico II,” Naples, Italy
| | - Ann Marie Zavacki
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Paus R, Ramot Y, Kirsner RS, Tomic-Canic M. Topical L-thyroxine: The Cinderella among hormones waiting to dance on the floor of dermatological therapy? Exp Dermatol 2020; 29:910-923. [PMID: 32682336 PMCID: PMC7722149 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Topical hormone therapy with natural or synthetic ligands of nuclear hormone receptors such as glucocorticoids, vitamin D analogues and retinoids has a long and highly successful tradition in dermatology. Yet the dermatological potential of thyroid hormone receptor (TR) agonists has been widely ignored, despite abundant clinical, cell and molecular biology, mouse in vivo, and human skin and hair follicle organ culture data documenting a role of TR-mediated signalling in skin physiology and pathology. Here, we review this evidence, with emphasis on wound healing and hair growth, and specifically highlight the therapeutic potential of repurposing topical L-thyroxine (T4) for selected applications in future dermatological therapy. We underscore the known systemic safety and efficacy profile of T4 in clinical medicine, and the well-documented impact of thyroid hormones on, for example, human epidermal and hair follicle physiology, hair follicle epithelial stem cells and pigmentation, keratin expression, mitochondrial energy metabolism and wound healing. On this background, we argue that short-term topical T4 treatment deserves careful further preclinical and clinical exploration for repurposing as a low-cost, effective and widely available dermatotherapeutic, namely in the management of skin ulcers and telogen effluvium, and that its predictable adverse effects are well-manageable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralf Paus
- Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology & Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
- Centre for Dermatology Research, University of Manchester & NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester, UK
- Monasterium Laboratory, Münster, Germany
| | - Yuval Ramot
- Department of Dermatology, Hadassah Medical Center, The Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Robert S. Kirsner
- Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology & Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Marjana Tomic-Canic
- Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology & Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
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Cavallero S, Neves Granito R, Stockholm D, Azzolin P, Martin MT, Fortunel NO. Exposure of Human Skin Organoids to Low Genotoxic Stress Can Promote Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition in Regenerating Keratinocyte Precursor Cells. Cells 2020; 9:cells9081912. [PMID: 32824646 PMCID: PMC7466070 DOI: 10.3390/cells9081912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
For the general population, medical diagnosis is a major cause of exposure to low genotoxic stress, as various imaging techniques deliver low doses of ionizing radiation. Our study investigated the consequences of low genotoxic stress on a keratinocyte precursor fraction that includes stem and progenitor cells, which are at risk for carcinoma development. Human skin organoids were bioengineered according to a clinically-relevant model, exposed to a single 50 mGy dose of γ rays, and then xeno-transplanted in nude mice to follow full epidermis generation in an in vivo context. Twenty days post-xenografting, mature skin grafts were sampled and analyzed by semi-quantitative immuno-histochemical methods. Pre-transplantation exposure to 50 mGy of immature human skin organoids did not compromise engraftment, but half of xenografts generated from irradiated precursors exhibited areas displaying focal dysplasia, originating from the basal layer of the epidermis. Characteristics of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) were documented in these dysplastic areas, including loss of basal cell polarity and cohesiveness, epithelial marker decreases, ectopic expression of the mesenchymal marker α-SMA and expression of the EMT promoter ZEB1. Taken together, these data show that a very low level of radiative stress in regenerating keratinocyte stem and precursor cells can induce a micro-environment that may constitute a favorable context for long-term carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Cavallero
- Laboratoire de Génomique et Radiobiologie de la Kératinopoïèse, Institut de Biologie François Jacob, CEA/DRF/IRCM, 91000 Evry, France; (S.C.); (R.N.G.); (P.A.)
- INSERM U967, 92260 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, 75013 Paris 11, France
- Université Paris-Diderot, 78140 Paris 7, France
| | - Renata Neves Granito
- Laboratoire de Génomique et Radiobiologie de la Kératinopoïèse, Institut de Biologie François Jacob, CEA/DRF/IRCM, 91000 Evry, France; (S.C.); (R.N.G.); (P.A.)
- INSERM U967, 92260 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, 75013 Paris 11, France
- Université Paris-Diderot, 78140 Paris 7, France
| | - Daniel Stockholm
- Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, PSL Research University, UMRS 951, Genethon, 91002 Evry, France;
| | - Peggy Azzolin
- Laboratoire de Génomique et Radiobiologie de la Kératinopoïèse, Institut de Biologie François Jacob, CEA/DRF/IRCM, 91000 Evry, France; (S.C.); (R.N.G.); (P.A.)
- INSERM U967, 92260 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, 75013 Paris 11, France
- Université Paris-Diderot, 78140 Paris 7, France
| | - Michèle T. Martin
- Laboratoire de Génomique et Radiobiologie de la Kératinopoïèse, Institut de Biologie François Jacob, CEA/DRF/IRCM, 91000 Evry, France; (S.C.); (R.N.G.); (P.A.)
- INSERM U967, 92260 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, 75013 Paris 11, France
- Université Paris-Diderot, 78140 Paris 7, France
- Correspondence: (M.T.M.); (N.O.F.); Tel.: +33-1-60-87-34-91 (M.T.M.); +33-1-60-87-34-92 (N.O.F.); Fax: +33-1-60-87-34-98 (M.T.M. & N.O.F.)
| | - Nicolas O. Fortunel
- Laboratoire de Génomique et Radiobiologie de la Kératinopoïèse, Institut de Biologie François Jacob, CEA/DRF/IRCM, 91000 Evry, France; (S.C.); (R.N.G.); (P.A.)
- INSERM U967, 92260 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, 75013 Paris 11, France
- Université Paris-Diderot, 78140 Paris 7, France
- Correspondence: (M.T.M.); (N.O.F.); Tel.: +33-1-60-87-34-91 (M.T.M.); +33-1-60-87-34-92 (N.O.F.); Fax: +33-1-60-87-34-98 (M.T.M. & N.O.F.)
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Association of the Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) with Cisplatin Resistance. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21114002. [PMID: 32503307 PMCID: PMC7312011 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21114002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Therapy resistance is a characteristic of cancer cells that significantly reduces the effectiveness of drugs. Despite the popularity of cisplatin (CP) as a chemotherapeutic agent, which is widely used in the treatment of various types of cancer, resistance of cancer cells to CP chemotherapy has been extensively observed. Among various reported mechanism(s), the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) process can significantly contribute to chemoresistance by converting the motionless epithelial cells into mobile mesenchymal cells and altering cell–cell adhesion as well as the cellular extracellular matrix, leading to invasion of tumor cells. By analyzing the impact of the different molecular pathways such as microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs, nuclear factor-κB (NF-ĸB), phosphoinositide 3-kinase-related protein kinase (PI3K)/Akt, mammalian target rapamycin (mTOR), and Wnt, which play an important role in resistance exhibited to CP therapy, we first give an introduction about the EMT mechanism and its role in drug resistance. We then focus specifically on the molecular pathways involved in drug resistance and the pharmacological strategies that can be used to mitigate this resistance. Overall, we highlight the various targeted signaling pathways that could be considered in future studies to pave the way for the inhibition of EMT-mediated resistance displayed by tumor cells in response to CP exposure.
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Nappi A, Di Cicco E, Miro C, Cicatiello AG, Sagliocchi S, Mancino G, Ambrosio R, Luongo C, Di Girolamo D, De Stefano MA, Porcelli T, Stornaiuolo M, Dentice M. The NANOG Transcription Factor Induces Type 2 Deiodinase Expression and Regulates the Intracellular Activation of Thyroid Hormone in Keratinocyte Carcinomas. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12030715. [PMID: 32197405 PMCID: PMC7140064 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12030715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 deiodinase (D2), the principal activator of thyroid hormone (TH) signaling in target tissues, is expressed in cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) during late tumorigenesis, and its repression attenuates the invasiveness and metastatic spread of SCC. Although D2 plays multiple roles in cancer progression, nothing is known about the mechanisms regulating D2 in cancer. To address this issue, we investigated putative upstream regulators of D2 in keratinocyte carcinomas. We found that the expression of D2 in SCC cells is positively regulated by the NANOG transcription factor, whose expression, besides being causally linked to embryonic stemness, is associated with many human cancers. We also found that NANOG binds to the D2 promoter and enhances D2 transcription. Notably, blockage of D2 activity reduced NANOG-induced cell migration as well as the expression of key genes involved in epithelial-mesenchymal transition in SCC cells. In conclusion, our study reveals a link among endogenous endocrine regulators of cancer, thyroid hormone and its activating enzyme, and the NANOG regulator of cancer biology. These findings could provide the basis for the development of TH inhibitors as context-dependent anti-tumor agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annarita Nappi
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (A.N.); (E.D.C.); (C.M.); (A.G.C.); (S.S.); (G.M.); (M.A.D.S.)
| | - Emery Di Cicco
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (A.N.); (E.D.C.); (C.M.); (A.G.C.); (S.S.); (G.M.); (M.A.D.S.)
| | - Caterina Miro
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (A.N.); (E.D.C.); (C.M.); (A.G.C.); (S.S.); (G.M.); (M.A.D.S.)
| | - Annunziata Gaetana Cicatiello
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (A.N.); (E.D.C.); (C.M.); (A.G.C.); (S.S.); (G.M.); (M.A.D.S.)
| | - Serena Sagliocchi
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (A.N.); (E.D.C.); (C.M.); (A.G.C.); (S.S.); (G.M.); (M.A.D.S.)
| | - Giuseppina Mancino
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (A.N.); (E.D.C.); (C.M.); (A.G.C.); (S.S.); (G.M.); (M.A.D.S.)
| | | | - Cristina Luongo
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.L.); (D.D.G.); (T.P.)
| | - Daniela Di Girolamo
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.L.); (D.D.G.); (T.P.)
| | - Maria Angela De Stefano
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (A.N.); (E.D.C.); (C.M.); (A.G.C.); (S.S.); (G.M.); (M.A.D.S.)
| | - Tommaso Porcelli
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.L.); (D.D.G.); (T.P.)
| | - Mariano Stornaiuolo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II. Via Montesano 49, 80149 Naples, Italy;
| | - Monica Dentice
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (A.N.); (E.D.C.); (C.M.); (A.G.C.); (S.S.); (G.M.); (M.A.D.S.)
- CEINGE–Biotecnologie Avanzate Scarl, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence:
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