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Poncz M, Zaitsev SV, Ahn H, Kowalska MA, Bdeir K, Dergilev KV, Ivanciu L, Camire RM, Cines DB, Stepanova V. Packaging of supplemented urokinase into alpha granules of in vitro-grown megakaryocytes for targeted nascent clot lysis. Blood Adv 2024; 8:3798-3809. [PMID: 38805575 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2024012835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Fibrinolytics delivered into the general circulation lack selectivity for nascent thrombi, reducing efficacy and increasing the risk of bleeding. Urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) transgenically expressed within murine platelets provided targeted thromboprophylaxis without causing bleeding but is not clinically feasible. Recent advances in generating megakaryocytes prompted us to develop a potentially clinically relevant means to produce "antithrombotic" platelets from CD34+ hematopoietic stem cell-derived in vitro-grown megakaryocytes. CD34+ megakaryocytes internalize and store in alpha granules (α-granules) single-chain uPA (scuPA) and a plasmin-resistant thrombin-activatable variant (uPAT). Both uPAs colocalized with internalized factor V (FV), fibrinogen and plasminogen, low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1), and interferon-induced transmembrane protein 3, but not with endogenous von Willebrand factor (VWF). Endocytosis of uPA by CD34+ megakaryocytes was mediated, in part, via LRP1 and αIIbβ3. scuPA-containing megakaryocytes degraded endocytosed intragranular FV but not endogenous VWF in the presence of internalized plasminogen, whereas uPAT-megakaryocytes did not significantly degrade either protein. We used a carotid artery injury model in nonobese diabetic-severe combined immunodeficiency IL2rγnull (NSG) mice homozygous for VWFR1326H (a mutation switching binding VWF specificity from mouse to human glycoprotein Ibα) to test whether platelets derived from scuPA- or uPAT-megakaryocytes would prevent thrombus formation. NSG/VWFR1326H mice exhibited a lower thrombotic burden after carotid artery injury compared with NSG mice unless infused with human platelets or megakaryocytes, whereas intravenous injection of uPA-megakaryocytes generated sufficient uPA-containing human platelets to lyse nascent thrombi. These studies describe the use of in vitro-generated megakaryocytes as a potential platform for delivering uPA or other ectopic proteins within platelet α-granules to sites of vascular injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mortimer Poncz
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Sergei V Zaitsev
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Hyunsook Ahn
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - M Anna Kowalska
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
- Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodz, Poland
| | - Khalil Bdeir
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Konstantin V Dergilev
- Institute of Experimental Cardiology, National Medical Research Center of Cardiology named after Academician E.I. Chazov, Moscow, Russia
| | - Lacramioara Ivanciu
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Rodney M Camire
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Douglas B Cines
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Victoria Stepanova
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
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Adair BD, Field CO, Alonso JL, Xiong JP, Deng SX, Ahn HS, Mashin E, Clish CB, van Agthoven J, Yeager M, Guo Y, Tess DA, Landry DW, Poncz M, Arnaout MA. Platelet integrin αIIbβ3 plays a key role in venous thrombogenesis in a mouse model. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.07.11.602533. [PMID: 39026880 PMCID: PMC11257514 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.11.602533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Venous thrombosis (VT) is a common vascular disease associated with reduced survival and a high recurrence rate. Previous studies have shown that the accumulation of platelets and neutrophils at sites of endothelial cell activation is a primary event in VT, but a role for platelet αIIbβ3 in the initiation of venous thrombosis has not been established. This task has been complicated by the increased bleeding linked to partial agonism of current αIIbβ3 inhibitory drugs such as tirofiban (Aggrastat ® ). Here, we show that m-tirofiban, an engineered version of tirofiban, is not a partial agonist of αIIbβ3. This is based on its cryo-EM structure in complex with human full-length αIIbβ3 and its inability to increase expression of an activation-sensitive epitope on platelet αIIbβ3. m-tirofiban abolished agonist-induced platelet aggregation ex vivo at concentrations that preserved clot retraction and markedly suppressed the accumulation of platelets, neutrophils, and fibrin on thrombin-activated endothelium in real-time using intravital microscopy in a mouse model of venous thrombogenesis. Unlike tirofiban, however, m-tirofiban did not increase bleeding at the thrombosis-inhibitory dose. These findings establish a key role for αIIbβ3 in the initiation of VT, provide a guiding principle for designing potentially safer inhibitors for other integrins, and suggest that pure antagonists of αIIbβ3 like m-tirofiban merit further consideration as potential thromboprophylaxis agents in patients at high-risk for VT and hemorrhage.
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Méndez D, Tellería F, Monroy-Cárdenas M, Montecino-Garrido H, Mansilla S, Castro L, Trostchansky A, Muñoz-Córdova F, Zickermann V, Schiller J, Alfaro S, Caballero J, Araya-Maturana R, Fuentes E. Linking triphenylphosphonium cation to a bicyclic hydroquinone improves their antiplatelet effect via the regulation of mitochondrial function. Redox Biol 2024; 72:103142. [PMID: 38581860 PMCID: PMC11002875 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2024.103142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Platelets are the critical target for preventing and treating pathological thrombus formation. However, despite current antiplatelet therapy, cardiovascular mortality remains high, and cardiovascular events continue in prescribed patients. In this study, first results were obtained with ortho-carbonyl hydroquinones as antiplatelet agents; we found that linking triphenylphosphonium cation to a bicyclic ortho-carbonyl hydroquinone moiety by a short alkyl chain significantly improved their antiplatelet effect by affecting the mitochondrial functioning. The mechanism of action involves uncoupling OXPHOS, which leads to an increase in mitochondrial ROS production and a decrease in the mitochondrial membrane potential and OCR. This alteration disrupts the energy production by mitochondrial function necessary for the platelet activation process. These effects are responsive to the complete structure of the compounds and not to isolated parts of the compounds tested. The results obtained in this research can be used as the basis for developing new antiplatelet agents that target mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Méndez
- Thrombosis and Healthy Aging Research Center, MIBI: Interdisciplinary Group on Mitochondrial Targeting and Bioenergetics, Medical Technology School, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunohematology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Francisca Tellería
- Thrombosis and Healthy Aging Research Center, MIBI: Interdisciplinary Group on Mitochondrial Targeting and Bioenergetics, Medical Technology School, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunohematology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Matías Monroy-Cárdenas
- Instituto de Química de Recursos Naturales, MIBI: Interdisciplinary Group on Mitochondrial Targeting and Bioenergetics, Universidad de Talca, Talca, 3460000, Chile
| | - Héctor Montecino-Garrido
- Thrombosis and Healthy Aging Research Center, MIBI: Interdisciplinary Group on Mitochondrial Targeting and Bioenergetics, Medical Technology School, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunohematology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Santiago Mansilla
- Departamento de Métodos Cuantitativos and Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, 11800, Uruguay
| | - Laura Castro
- Departamento de Bioquímica and Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, 11800, Uruguay
| | - Andrés Trostchansky
- Departamento de Bioquímica and Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, 11800, Uruguay
| | | | - Volker Zickermann
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Goethe University Medical School, Germany
| | - Jonathan Schiller
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Goethe University Medical School, Germany
| | - Sergio Alfaro
- Centro de Bioinformática, Simulación y Modelado (CBSM), Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Talca, 1 Poniente No. 1141, Casilla 721, Talca, Chile
| | - Julio Caballero
- Centro de Bioinformática, Simulación y Modelado (CBSM), Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Talca, 1 Poniente No. 1141, Casilla 721, Talca, Chile
| | - Ramiro Araya-Maturana
- Instituto de Química de Recursos Naturales, MIBI: Interdisciplinary Group on Mitochondrial Targeting and Bioenergetics, Universidad de Talca, Talca, 3460000, Chile.
| | - Eduardo Fuentes
- Thrombosis and Healthy Aging Research Center, MIBI: Interdisciplinary Group on Mitochondrial Targeting and Bioenergetics, Medical Technology School, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunohematology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile.
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Chen Z, Yuan C, Ye Y, Lu B, Hu E, Lu F, Yu K, Xie R, Lan G. Dual-targeting fucoidan-based microvesicle for arterial thrombolysis and re-occlusion inhibition. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 328:121703. [PMID: 38220339 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Arterial thrombosis is a critical thrombotic disease that poses a significant threat to human health. However, the existing clinical treatment of arterial thrombosis lacks effective targeting and precise drug release capability. In this study, we developed a system for targeted delivery and on-demand release in arterial thrombosis treatment. The carrier was constructed using chitosan (CS) and fucoidan (Fu) through layer-by-layer assembly, with subsequent surface modification using cRGD peptide. Upon encapsulation of urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA), the resulting therapeutic drug delivery system, uPA-CS/Fu@cRGD, demonstrated dual-targeting abilities towards P-selectin and αIIbβ3, as well as pH and platelet-responsive release properties. Importantly, we have demonstrated that the dual targeting effect exhibits higher targeting efficiency at shear rates simulating thrombosed arterial conditions (1800 s-1) compared to single targeting for the first time. In the mouse common iliac artery model, uPA-CS/Fu@cRGD exhibited great thrombolytic capability while promoting the down-regulation of coagulation factors (FXa and PAI-1) and inflammatory factors (TNF-α and IL-6), thus improving the thrombus microenvironment and exerting potential in preventing re-occlusion. Our dual-target and dual-responsive, fucoidan-based macrovesicle represent a promising platform for advanced drug target delivery applications, with potential to prevent coagulation tendencies as well as improving thrombolytic and reducing the risk of re-occlusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhechang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Laboratory of Resource Insects, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Biomaterial Fiber and Modern Textile, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Caijie Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Laboratory of Resource Insects, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Biomaterial Fiber and Modern Textile, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yaxin Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Laboratory of Resource Insects, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Biomaterial Fiber and Modern Textile, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Bitao Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Laboratory of Resource Insects, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Biomaterial Fiber and Modern Textile, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Enling Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Laboratory of Resource Insects, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Biomaterial Fiber and Modern Textile, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Fei Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Laboratory of Resource Insects, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Biomaterial Fiber and Modern Textile, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Kun Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Laboratory of Resource Insects, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Biomaterial Fiber and Modern Textile, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Ruiqi Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Laboratory of Resource Insects, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, AUVA Research Center, 1200 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Guangqian Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Laboratory of Resource Insects, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Biomaterial Fiber and Modern Textile, Chongqing 400715, China.
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Poncz M, Zaitsev SV, Ahn H, Kowalska MA, Bdeir K, Camire RM, Cines DB, Stepanova V. Packaging of supplemented urokinase into naked alpha-granules of in vitro -grown megakaryocytes for targeted therapeutic delivery. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.12.05.570278. [PMID: 38106191 PMCID: PMC10723305 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.05.570278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Our prior finding that uPA endogenously expressed and stored in the platelets of transgenic mice prevented thrombus formation without causing bleeding, prompted us to develop a potentially clinically relevant means of generating anti-thrombotic human platelets in vitro from CD34 + hematopoietic cell-derived megakaryocytes. CD34 + -megakaryocytes internalize and store in α-granules single-chain uPA (scuPA) and a uPA variant modified to be plasmin-resistant, but thrombin-activatable, (uPAT). Both uPAs co-localized with internalized factor V (FV), fibrinogen and plasminogen, low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1), and interferon-induced transmembrane protein 3 (IFITM3), but not with endogenous von Willebrand factor (VWF). Endocytosis of uPA by CD34 + -\megakaryocytes was mediated in part via LRP1 and αIIbβ3. scuPA-containing megakaryocytes degraded endocytosed intragranular FV, but not endogenous VWF, in the presence of internalized plasminogen, whereas uPAT-megakaryocytes did not significantly degrade either protein. We used a carotid-artery injury model in NOD-scid IL2rγnull (NSG) mice homozygous for VWF R1326H (a mutation switching binding VWF specificity from mouse to human glycoprotein IbmlIX) to test whether platelets derived from scuPA-MKs or uPAT-Mks would prevent thrombus formation. NSG/VWF R1326H mice exhibited a lower thrombotic burden after carotid artery injury compared to NSG mice unless infused with human platelets or MKs, whereas intravenous injection of either uPA-containing megakaryocytes into NSG/VWF R1326H generated sufficient uPA-containing human platelets to lyse nascent thrombi. These studies suggest the potential to deliver uPA or potentially other ectopic proteins within platelet α-granules from in vitro- generated megakaryocytes. Key points Unlike platelets, in vitro-grown megakaryocytes can store exogenous uPA in its α-granules.uPA uptake involves LRP1 and αIIbβ3 receptors and is functionally available from activated platelets.
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Fuentes E, Arauna D, Araya-Maturana R. Regulation of mitochondrial function by hydroquinone derivatives as prevention of platelet activation. Thromb Res 2023; 230:55-63. [PMID: 37639783 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2023.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Platelet activation plays an essential role in the pathogenesis of thrombotic events in different diseases (e.g., cancer, type 2 diabetes, Alzheimer's, and cardiovascular diseases, and even in patients diagnosed with coronavirus disease 2019). Therefore, antiplatelet therapy is essential to reduce thrombus formation. However, the utility of current antiplatelet drugs is limited. Therefore, identifying novel antiplatelet compounds is very important in developing new drugs. In this context, the involvement of mitochondrial function as an efficient energy source required for platelet activation is currently accepted; however, its contribution as an antiplatelet target still has little been exploited. Regarding this, the intramolecular hydrogen bonding of hydroquinone derivatives has been described as a structural motif that allows the reach of small molecules at mitochondria, which can exert antiplatelet activity, among others. In this review, we describe the role of mitochondrial function in platelet activation and how hydroquinone derivatives exert antiplatelet activity through mitochondrial regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Fuentes
- Thrombosis Research Center, Medical Technology School, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunohematology, Faculty of Health Sciences, MIBI: Interdisciplinary Group on Mitochondrial Targeting and Bioenergetics, Universidad de Talca, Talca 3480094, Chile.
| | - Diego Arauna
- Thrombosis Research Center, Medical Technology School, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunohematology, Faculty of Health Sciences, MIBI: Interdisciplinary Group on Mitochondrial Targeting and Bioenergetics, Universidad de Talca, Talca 3480094, Chile
| | - Ramiro Araya-Maturana
- Instituto de Química de Recursos Naturales, MIBI: Interdisciplinary Group on Mitochondrial Targeting and Bioenergetics, Universidad de Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile
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7
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Lan H, Tong Z, Jiao Y, Han H, Ma Y, Li Y, Jia X, Hu B, Zhang W, Zhong M, Wang Z. Deep Vein Thrombosis Is Facilitated by Endothelial-Derived Extracellular Vesicles via the PDI-GRP94-GPIIb/IIIa Pathway in Mice. J Clin Med 2023; 12:4265. [PMID: 37445300 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12134265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a prevalent cardiovascular condition. Endothelial-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) may play a crucial role in platelet-dependent DVT development via platelet activation, but the mechanism is not clear yet. This research aims to understand how platelets and endothelial-derived EVs work in DVT. METHODS The interaction between protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) and glucose-regulated protein 94 (GRP94) was founded by molecular docking. Inferior vena cava stasis-induced mice received PDI and GRP94 inhibitor treatments. Platelet activation, endothelial-derived EVs, and PDI were measured using flow cytometry. The expression of PDI and dimetric GRP94 in platelets co-cultured with hypoxic endothelial cells was confirmed by Western blot or native PAGE. The fluorescence resonance energy transfer assay shows conformational changes in GPIIb/IIIa on platelet surfaces. A tracking experiment was performed using PKH26, which labelled endothelial-derived EVs, and the endocytosis of EVs by platelets was tracked by confocal microscope. RESULTS In a DVT mouse model, platelets enhance venous thrombus formation in a coagulation-independent manner, instead, platelet activation and the length of the thrombus are related to PDI and GRP94 activity. Next, we found that the expression level of endothelial-derived EVs carrying PDI is significantly increased in plasma. Endothelial-derived EVs carrying PDI are endocytosed by platelets, in which the content of GRP94 dimer is elevated, and consequently increases the expression of surface GPIIb/IIIa. In addition, PDI allosterically interacts with GPIIb/IIIa, which is re-configurated into an activated form. CONCLUSION Endothelial-derived EVs carrying PDI induce DVT via interplay with GRP94 and GPIIb/IIIa in platelets. These findings emphasize the significance of platelets in DVT formation, and PDI may be a suitable target in DVT prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongtao Lan
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250012, China
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Zhoujie Tong
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Yaqiong Jiao
- Department of General Practice, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Haitao Han
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Ying Ma
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Yulin Li
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Xu Jia
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Boang Hu
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Ming Zhong
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Zhihao Wang
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
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Xin H, Huang J, Song Z, Mao J, Xi X, Shi X. Structure, signal transduction, activation, and inhibition of integrin αIIbβ3. Thromb J 2023; 21:18. [PMID: 36782235 PMCID: PMC9923933 DOI: 10.1186/s12959-023-00463-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Integrins are heterodimeric receptors comprising α and β subunits. They are expressed on the cell surface and play key roles in cell adhesion, migration, and growth. Several types of integrins are expressed on the platelets, including αvβ3, αIIbβ3, α2β1, α5β1, and α6β1. Among these, physically αIIbβ3 is exclusively expressed on the platelet surface and their precursor cells, megakaryocytes. αIIbβ3 adopts at least three conformations: i) bent-closed, ii) extended-closed, and iii) extended-open. The transition from conformation i) to iii) occurs when αIIbβ3 is activated by stimulants. Conformation iii) possesses a high ligand affinity, which triggers integrin clustering and platelet aggregation. Platelets are indispensable for maintaining vascular system integrity and preventing bleeding. However, excessive platelet activation can result in myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke. Therefore, finding a novel strategy to stop bleeding without accelerating the risk of thrombosis is important. Regulation of αIIbβ3 activation is vital for this strategy. There are a large number of molecules that facilitate or inhibit αIIbβ3 activation. The interference of these molecules can accurately control the balance between hemostasis and thrombosis. This review describes the structure and signal transduction of αIIbβ3, summarizes the molecules that directly or indirectly affect integrin αIIbβ3 activation, and discusses some novel antiαIIbβ3 drugs. This will advance our understanding of the activation of αIIbβ3 and its essential role in platelet function and tumor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honglei Xin
- grid.452511.6Department of Hematology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210003 China
| | - Jiansong Huang
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XDepartment of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, Hangzhou 310003 China ,grid.412277.50000 0004 1760 6738Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025 China
| | - Zhiqun Song
- grid.412676.00000 0004 1799 0784Jiangsu Province People’s Hospital and Nanjing Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029 China
| | - Jianhua Mao
- grid.412277.50000 0004 1760 6738Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025 China
| | - Xiaodong Xi
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Xiaofeng Shi
- Department of Hematology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210003, China. .,Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
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9
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Lee K, Ahn HS, Estevez B, Poncz M. RUNX1-deficient human megakaryocytes demonstrate thrombopoietic and platelet half-life and functional defects. Blood 2023; 141:260-270. [PMID: 36219879 PMCID: PMC9936297 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2022017561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Heterozygous defects in runt-related transcription factor 1 (RUNX1) are causative of a familial platelet disorder with associated myeloid malignancy (FPDMM). Because RUNX1-deficient animal models do not mimic bleeding disorder or leukemic risk associated with FPDMM, development of a proper model system is critical to understanding the underlying mechanisms of the observed phenotype and to identifying therapeutic interventions. We previously reported an in vitro megakaryopoiesis system comprising human CD34+ hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells that recapitulated the FPDMM quantitative megakaryocyte defect through a decrease in RUNX1 expression via a lentiviral short hairpin RNA strategy. We now show that shRX-megakaryocytes have a marked reduction in agonist responsiveness. We then infused shRX-megakaryocytes into immunocompromised NOD scid gamma (NSG) mice and demonstrated that these megakaryocytes released fewer platelets than megakaryocytes transfected with a nontargeting shRNA, and these platelets had a diminished half-life. The platelets were also poorly responsive to agonists, unable to correct thrombus formation in NSG mice homozygous for a R1326H mutation in von Willebrand Factor (VWFR1326H), which switches the species-binding specificity of the VWF from mouse to human glycoprotein Ibα. A small-molecule inhibitor RepSox, which blocks the transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1) pathway and rescued defective megakaryopoiesis in vitro, corrected the thrombopoietic defect, defects in thrombus formation and platelet half-life, and agonist response in NSG/VWFR1326H mice. Thus, this model recapitulates the defects in FPDMM megakaryocytes and platelets, identifies previously unrecognized defects in thrombopoiesis and platelet half-life, and demonstrates for the first time, reversal of RUNX1 deficiency-induced hemostatic defects by a drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiwon Lee
- Division of Hematology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Hyun Sook Ahn
- Division of Hematology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Brian Estevez
- Division of Hematology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Mortimer Poncz
- Division of Hematology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
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10
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Arnaout MA. INTEGRINS: A BEDSIDE TO BENCH TO BEDSIDE STORY. TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN CLINICAL AND CLIMATOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION 2023; 133:34-55. [PMID: 37701613 PMCID: PMC10493766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
I provide a narrative of the path I took to discover the membrane receptors that mediate leukocyte adhesion, now known as β2 integrins or CD11/CD18. We followed this discovery with the first determination of the 3-D structures of integrins. The latter advance provided the foundation for understanding the unique features of integrins as divalent cation-dependent signaling receptors and as mechanosensitive conduits between the extracellular matrix and the intracellular cytoskeleton. Our structural studies are now opening new paths for taming overactive integrins in disease while minimizing the collateral damage associated with the faulty pharmacodynamics of current integrin inhibitory drugs.
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11
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Litvinov RI, Weisel JW. Blood clot contraction: Mechanisms, pathophysiology, and disease. Res Pract Thromb Haemost 2023; 7:100023. [PMID: 36760777 PMCID: PMC9903854 DOI: 10.1016/j.rpth.2022.100023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
A State of the Art lecture titled "Blood Clot Contraction: Mechanisms, Pathophysiology, and Disease" was presented at the International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis (ISTH) Congress in 2022. This was a systematic description of blood clot contraction or retraction, driven by activated platelets and causing compaction of the fibrin network along with compression of the embedded erythrocytes. The consequences of clot contraction include redistribution of the fibrin-platelet meshwork toward the periphery of the clot and condensation of erythrocytes in the core, followed by their deformation from the biconcave shape into polyhedral cells (polyhedrocytes). These structural signatures of contraction have been found in ex vivo thrombi derived from various locations, which indicated that clots undergo intravital contraction within the blood vessels. In hemostatic clots, tightly packed polyhedrocytes make a nearly impermeable seal that stems bleeding and is impaired in hemorrhagic disorders. In thrombosis, contraction facilitates the local blood flow by decreasing thrombus obstructiveness, reducing permeability, and changing susceptibility to fibrinolytic enzymes. However, in (pro)thrombotic conditions, continuous background platelet activation is followed by platelet exhaustion, refractoriness, and impaired intravital clot contraction, which is associated with weaker thrombi predisposed to embolization. Therefore, assays that detect imperfect in vitro clot contraction have potential diagnostic and prognostic values for imminent or ongoing thrombosis and thrombotic embolism. Collectively, the contraction of blood clots and thrombi is an underappreciated and understudied process that has a pathogenic and clinical significance in bleeding and thrombosis of various etiologies. Finally, we have summarized relevant new data on this topic presented during the 2022 ISTH Congress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rustem I Litvinov
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - John W Weisel
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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12
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Lin FY, Li J, Xie Y, Zhu J, Huong Nguyen TT, Zhang Y, Zhu J, Springer TA. A general chemical principle for creating closure-stabilizing integrin inhibitors. Cell 2022; 185:3533-3550.e27. [PMID: 36113427 PMCID: PMC9494814 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Integrins are validated drug targets with six approved therapeutics. However, small-molecule inhibitors to three integrins failed in late-stage clinical trials for chronic indications. Such unfavorable outcomes may in part be caused by partial agonism, i.e., the stabilization of the high-affinity, extended-open integrin conformation. Here, we show that the failed, small-molecule inhibitors of integrins αIIbβ3 and α4β1 stabilize the high-affinity conformation. Furthermore, we discovered a simple chemical feature present in multiple αIIbβ3 antagonists that stabilizes integrins in their bent-closed conformation. Closing inhibitors contain a polar nitrogen atom that stabilizes, via hydrogen bonds, a water molecule that intervenes between a serine residue and the metal in the metal-ion-dependent adhesion site (MIDAS). Expulsion of this water is a requisite for transition to the open conformation. This change in metal coordination is general to integrins, suggesting broad applicability of the drug-design principle to the integrin family, as validated with a distantly related integrin, α4β1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Yang Lin
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yonghua Xie
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PRC
| | - Jianghai Zhu
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Thi Thu Huong Nguyen
- Blood Research Institute, Versiti, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Yonghui Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PRC.
| | - Jieqing Zhu
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Blood Research Institute, Versiti, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA.
| | - Timothy A Springer
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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13
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Liu S, Sun Y, Zhang T, Cao L, Zhong Z, Cheng H, Wang Q, Qiu Z, Zhou W, Wang X. Upconversion nanoparticles regulated drug & gas dual-effective nanoplatform for the targeting cooperated therapy of thrombus and anticoagulation. Bioact Mater 2022; 18:91-103. [PMID: 35387173 PMCID: PMC8961464 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Thromboembolism is the leading cause of cardiovascular mortality. Currently, for the lack of targeting, short half-life, low bioavailability and high bleeding risk of the classical thrombolytic drugs, pharmacological thrombolysis is usually a slow process based on micro-pumping. In addition, frequently monitoring and regulating coagulation functions are also required during (and after) the process of thrombolysis. To address these issues, a targeted thrombolytic and anticoagulation nanoplatform (UCATS-UK) is developed based on upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) that can convert 808 or 980 nm near-infrared (NIR) light into UV/blue light. This nanoplatform can target and enrich in the thrombus site. Synergistic thrombolysis and anticoagulation therapy thus could be realized through the controlled release of urokinase (UK) and nitric oxide (NO). Both in vitro and in vivo experiments have confirmed the excellent thrombolytic and anticoagulative capabilities of this multifunctional nanoplatform. Combined with the unique fluorescent imaging capability of UCNPs, this work is expected to contribute to the development of clinical thrombolysis therapy towards an integrated system of imaging, diagnosis and treatment. This work is not only the first application of UCNPs in the thrombolysis therapy, but also the first attempt to develop a dual effective drug & gas nanoplatform for thrombolytic & anticoagulation therapy. Besides conventional in vitro and animal experiments, a 3D printed vascular model is also constructed to further verify the feasibility of UCATS-UK. Through surface chemical modification, the nanoplatform possesses the capabilities of targeting thrombus, as well as light-controlled NO release for drug-free anticoagulation therapy.
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14
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Mao J, Zhu K, Long Z, Zhang H, Xiao B, Xi W, Wang Y, Huang J, Liu J, Shi X, Jiang H, Lu T, Wen Y, Zhang N, Meng Q, Zhou H, Ruan Z, Wang J, Luo C, Xi X. Targeting the RT loop of Src SH3 in Platelets Prevents Thrombosis without Compromising Hemostasis. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2103228. [PMID: 35023301 PMCID: PMC8895158 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202103228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Conventional antiplatelet agents indiscriminately inhibit both thrombosis and hemostasis, and the increased bleeding risk thus hampers their use at more aggressive dosages to achieve adequate effect. Blocking integrin αIIbβ3 outside-in signaling by separating the β3/Src interaction, yet to be proven in vivo, may nonetheless resolve this dilemma. Identification of a specific druggable target for this strategy remains a fundamental challenge as Src SH3 is known to be responsible for binding to not only integrin β3 but also the proteins containing the PXXP motif. In vitro and in vivo mutational analyses show that the residues, especially E97, in the RT loop of Src SH3 are critical for interacting with β3. DCDBS84, a small molecule resulting from structure-based virtual screening, is structurally validated to be directed toward the projected target. It specifically disrupts β3/Src interaction without affecting canonical PXXP binding and thus inhibits the outside-in signaling-regulated platelet functions. Treatment of mice with DCDBS84 causes a profound inhibition of thrombosis, equivalent to that induced by extremely high doses of αIIbβ3 antagonist, but does not compromise primary hemostasis. Specific targets are revealed for a preferential inhibition of thrombosis that may lead to new classes of potent antithrombotics without hemorrhagic side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Medical GenomicsShanghai Institute of HematologyCollaborative Innovation Center of HematologyRuijin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai200025China
| | - Kongkai Zhu
- Drug Discovery and Design Centerthe Center for Chemical BiologyState Key Laboratory of Drug ResearchShanghai Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai201203China
| | - Zhangbiao Long
- State Key Laboratory of Medical GenomicsShanghai Institute of HematologyCollaborative Innovation Center of HematologyRuijin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai200025China
| | - Huimin Zhang
- Drug Discovery and Design Centerthe Center for Chemical BiologyState Key Laboratory of Drug ResearchShanghai Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai201203China
- School of Life Science and TechnologyShanghai Tech UniversityShanghai201210China
| | - Bing Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Medical GenomicsShanghai Institute of HematologyCollaborative Innovation Center of HematologyRuijin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai200025China
| | - Wenda Xi
- Shanghai Institute of HypertensionRuijin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai200025China
| | - Yun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical GenomicsShanghai Institute of HematologyCollaborative Innovation Center of HematologyRuijin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai200025China
| | - Jiansong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical GenomicsShanghai Institute of HematologyCollaborative Innovation Center of HematologyRuijin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai200025China
| | - Jingqiu Liu
- Drug Discovery and Design Centerthe Center for Chemical BiologyState Key Laboratory of Drug ResearchShanghai Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai201203China
| | - Xiaofeng Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Medical GenomicsShanghai Institute of HematologyCollaborative Innovation Center of HematologyRuijin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai200025China
| | - Hao Jiang
- Drug Discovery and Design Centerthe Center for Chemical BiologyState Key Laboratory of Drug ResearchShanghai Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai201203China
| | - Tian Lu
- Drug Discovery and Design Centerthe Center for Chemical BiologyState Key Laboratory of Drug ResearchShanghai Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai201203China
| | - Yi Wen
- Drug Discovery and Design Centerthe Center for Chemical BiologyState Key Laboratory of Drug ResearchShanghai Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai201203China
| | - Naixia Zhang
- Drug Discovery and Design Centerthe Center for Chemical BiologyState Key Laboratory of Drug ResearchShanghai Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai201203China
| | - Qian Meng
- Drug Discovery and Design Centerthe Center for Chemical BiologyState Key Laboratory of Drug ResearchShanghai Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai201203China
| | - Hu Zhou
- Drug Discovery and Design Centerthe Center for Chemical BiologyState Key Laboratory of Drug ResearchShanghai Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai201203China
| | - Zheng Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Medical GenomicsShanghai Institute of HematologyCollaborative Innovation Center of HematologyRuijin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai200025China
| | - Jin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical GenomicsShanghai Institute of HematologyCollaborative Innovation Center of HematologyRuijin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai200025China
| | - Cheng Luo
- Drug Discovery and Design Centerthe Center for Chemical BiologyState Key Laboratory of Drug ResearchShanghai Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai201203China
- School of Life Science and TechnologyShanghai Tech UniversityShanghai201210China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and TechnologyHangzhou Institute for Advanced StudyUCASHangzhou310024China
| | - Xiaodong Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Medical GenomicsShanghai Institute of HematologyCollaborative Innovation Center of HematologyRuijin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai200025China
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15
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Slack RJ, Macdonald SJF, Roper JA, Jenkins RG, Hatley RJD. Emerging therapeutic opportunities for integrin inhibitors. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2021; 21:60-78. [PMID: 34535788 PMCID: PMC8446727 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-021-00284-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Integrins are cell adhesion and signalling proteins crucial to a wide range of biological functions. Effective marketed treatments have successfully targeted integrins αIIbβ3, α4β7/α4β1 and αLβ2 for cardiovascular diseases, inflammatory bowel disease/multiple sclerosis and dry eye disease, respectively. Yet, clinical development of others, notably within the RGD-binding subfamily of αv integrins, including αvβ3, have faced significant challenges in the fields of cancer, ophthalmology and osteoporosis. New inhibitors of the related integrins αvβ6 and αvβ1 have recently come to the fore and are being investigated clinically for the treatment of fibrotic diseases, including idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. The design of integrin drugs may now be at a turning point, with opportunities to learn from previous clinical trials, to explore new modalities and to incorporate new findings in pharmacological and structural biology. This Review intertwines research from biological, clinical and medicinal chemistry disciplines to discuss historical and current RGD-binding integrin drug discovery, with an emphasis on small-molecule inhibitors of the αv integrins. Integrins are key signalling molecules that are present on the surface of subsets of cells and are therefore good potential therapeutic targets. In this Review, Hatley and colleagues discuss the development of integrin inhibitors, particularly the challenges in developing inhibitors for integrins that contain an αv-subunit, and suggest how these challenges could be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - R G Jenkins
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
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16
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Jansen EE, Hartmann M. Clot Retraction: Cellular Mechanisms and Inhibitors, Measuring Methods, and Clinical Implications. Biomedicines 2021; 9:1064. [PMID: 34440268 PMCID: PMC8394358 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9081064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelets have important functions in hemostasis. Best investigated is the aggregation of platelets for primary hemostasis and their role as the surface for coagulation leading to fibrin- and clot-formation. Importantly, the function of platelets does not end with clot formation. Instead, platelets are responsible for clot retraction through the concerted action of the activated αIIbβ3 receptors on the surface of filopodia and the platelet's contractile apparatus binding and pulling at the fibrin strands. Meanwhile, the signal transduction events leading to clot retraction have been investigated thoroughly, and several targets to inhibit clot retraction have been demonstrated. Clot retraction is a physiologically important mechanism allowing: (1) the close contact of platelets in primary hemostasis, easing platelet aggregation and intercellular communication, (2) the reduction of wound size, (3) the compaction of red blood cells to a polyhedrocyte infection-barrier, and (4) reperfusion in case of thrombosis. Several methods have been developed to measure clot retraction that have been based on either the measurement of clot volume or platelet forces. Concerning the importance of clot retraction in inborn diseases, the failure of clot retraction in Glanzmann thrombasthenia is characterized by a bleeding phenotype. Concerning acquired diseases, altered clot retraction has been demonstrated in patients with coronary heart disease, stroke, bronchial asthma, uremia, lupus erythematodes, and other diseases. However, more studies on the diagnostic and prognostic value of clot retraction with methods that have to be standardized are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen E. Jansen
- Clinic for Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany;
| | - Matthias Hartmann
- Klinik für Anästhesiologie und Intensivmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Universität Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany
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17
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Li BX, Dai X, Xu XR, Adili R, Neves MAD, Lei X, Shen C, Zhu G, Wang Y, Zhou H, Hou Y, Ni T, Pasman Y, Yang Z, Qian F, Zhao Y, Gao Y, Liu J, Teng M, Marshall AH, Cerenzia EG, Li ML, Ni H. In vitro assessment and phase I randomized clinical trial of anfibatide a snake venom derived anti-thrombotic agent targeting human platelet GPIbα. Sci Rep 2021; 11:11663. [PMID: 34083615 PMCID: PMC8175443 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91165-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The interaction of platelet GPIbα with von Willebrand factor (VWF) is essential to initiate platelet adhesion and thrombosis, particularly under high shear stress conditions. However, no drug targeting GPIbα has been developed for clinical practice. Here we characterized anfibatide, a GPIbα antagonist purified from snake (Deinagkistrodon acutus) venom, and evaluated its interaction with GPIbα by surface plasmon resonance and in silico modeling. We demonstrated that anfibatide interferds with both VWF and thrombin binding, inhibited ristocetin/botrocetin- and low-dose thrombin-induced human platelet aggregation, and decreased thrombus volume and stability in blood flowing over collagen. In a single-center, randomized, and open-label phase I clinical trial, anfibatide was administered intravenously to 94 healthy volunteers either as a single dose bolus, or a bolus followed by a constant rate infusion of anfibatide for 24 h. Anfibatide inhibited VWF-mediated platelet aggregation without significantly altering bleeding time or coagulation. The inhibitory effects disappeared within 8 h after drug withdrawal. No thrombocytopenia or anti-anfibatide antibodies were detected, and no serious adverse events or allergic reactions were observed during the studies. Therefore, anfibatide was well-tolerated among healthy subjects. Interestingly, anfibatide exhibited pharmacologic effects in vivo at concentrations thousand-fold lower than in vitro, a phenomenon which deserves further investigation.Trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov NCT01588132.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Xiaoyi Li
- Lee's Pharmaceutical Holdings Limited, 1/F, Building 20E, Phase 3, Hong Kong Science Park, Shatin, N.T. Hong Kong SAR, China. .,Zhaoke Pharmaceutical Co. Limited, Hefei, China.
| | - Xiangrong Dai
- Lee's Pharmaceutical Holdings Limited, 1/F, Building 20E, Phase 3, Hong Kong Science Park, Shatin, N.T. Hong Kong SAR, China.,Zhaoke Pharmaceutical Co. Limited, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaohong Ruby Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Toronto Platelet Immunobiology Group, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Reheman Adili
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Toronto Platelet Immunobiology Group, Toronto, Canada
| | - Miguel Antonio Dias Neves
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Toronto Platelet Immunobiology Group, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Canadian Blood Services Centre for Innovation, Toronto, Canada
| | - Xi Lei
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Toronto Platelet Immunobiology Group, Toronto, Canada
| | - Chuanbin Shen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Toronto Platelet Immunobiology Group, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Guangheng Zhu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Toronto Platelet Immunobiology Group, Toronto, Canada
| | - Yiming Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Toronto Platelet Immunobiology Group, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Canadian Blood Services Centre for Innovation, Toronto, Canada
| | - Hui Zhou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Toronto Platelet Immunobiology Group, Toronto, Canada
| | - Yan Hou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Toronto Platelet Immunobiology Group, Toronto, Canada
| | - Tiffany Ni
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Toronto Platelet Immunobiology Group, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Yfke Pasman
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Toronto Platelet Immunobiology Group, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Canadian Blood Services Centre for Innovation, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Fang Qian
- Zhaoke Pharmaceutical Co. Limited, Hefei, China
| | - Yanan Zhao
- Wannan Medical College First Affiliated Hospital, Yijishan Hospital, Wuhu, China
| | - Yongxiang Gao
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Jing Liu
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Maikun Teng
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Alexandra H Marshall
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Toronto Platelet Immunobiology Group, Toronto, Canada
| | - Eric G Cerenzia
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Toronto Platelet Immunobiology Group, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Mandy Lokyee Li
- Lee's Pharmaceutical Holdings Limited, 1/F, Building 20E, Phase 3, Hong Kong Science Park, Shatin, N.T. Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Heyu Ni
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Canada. .,Toronto Platelet Immunobiology Group, Toronto, Canada. .,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada. .,Canadian Blood Services Centre for Innovation, Toronto, Canada. .,Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada. .,Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada. .,St. Michael's Hospital, Room 421, LKSKI-Keenan Research Centre, 209 Victoria Street, Toronto, ON, M5B 1W8, Canada.
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18
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MacKeigan DT, Ni T, Shen C, Stratton TW, Ma W, Zhu G, Bhoria P, Ni H. Updated Understanding of Platelets in Thrombosis and Hemostasis: The Roles of Integrin PSI Domains and their Potential as Therapeutic Targets. Cardiovasc Hematol Disord Drug Targets 2021; 20:260-273. [PMID: 33001021 DOI: 10.2174/1871529x20666201001144541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Platelets are small blood cells known primarily for their ability to adhere and aggregate at injured vessels to arrest bleeding. However, when triggered under pathological conditions, the same adaptive mechanism of platelet adhesion and aggregation may cause thrombosis, a primary cause of heart attack and stroke. Over recent decades, research has made considerable progress in uncovering the intricate and dynamic interactions that regulate these processes. Integrins are heterodimeric cell surface receptors expressed on all metazoan cells that facilitate cell adhesion, movement, and signaling, to drive biological and pathological processes such as thrombosis and hemostasis. Recently, our group discovered that the plexin-semaphorin-integrin (PSI) domains of the integrin β subunits exert endogenous thiol isomerase activity derived from their two highly conserved CXXC active site motifs. Given the importance of redox reactions in integrin activation and its location in the knee region, this PSI domain activity may be critically involved in facilitating the interconversions between integrin conformations. Our monoclonal antibodies against the β3 PSI domain inhibited its thiol isomerase activity and proportionally attenuated fibrinogen binding and platelet aggregation. Notably, these antibodies inhibited thrombosis without significantly impairing hemostasis or causing platelet clearance. In this review, we will update mechanisms of thrombosis and hemostasis, including platelet versatilities and immune-mediated thrombocytopenia, discuss critical contributions of the newly discovered PSI domain thiol isomerase activity, and its potential as a novel target for anti-thrombotic therapies and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel T MacKeigan
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S, Canada
| | - Tiffany Ni
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Canada
| | - Chuanbin Shen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Canada
| | - Tyler W Stratton
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Canada
| | - Wenjing Ma
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Canada
| | - Guangheng Zhu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Canada
| | - Preeti Bhoria
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Canada
| | - Heyu Ni
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S, Canada
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19
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The 14-3-3ζ-c-Src-integrin-β3 complex is vital for platelet activation. Blood 2021; 136:974-988. [PMID: 32584951 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2019002314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Several adaptor molecules bind to cytoplasmic tails of β-integrins and facilitate bidirectional signaling, which is critical in thrombosis and hemostasis. Interfering with integrin-adaptor interactions spatially or temporally to inhibit thrombosis without affecting hemostasis is an attractive strategy for the development of safe antithrombotic drugs. We show for the first time that the 14-3-3ζ-c-Src-integrin-β3 complex is formed during platelet activation. 14-3-3ζ-c-Src interaction is mediated by the -PIRLGLALNFSVFYYE- fragment (PE16) on the 14-3-3ζ and SH2-domain on c-Src, whereas the 14-3-3ζ-integrin-β3 interaction is mediated by the -ESKVFYLKMKGDYYRYL- fragment (EL17) on the 14-3-3ζ and -KEATSTF- fragment (KF7) on the β3-integrin cytoplasmic tail. The EL17-motif inhibitor, or KF7 peptide, interferes with the formation of the 14-3-3ζ-c-Src-integrin-β3 complex and selectively inhibits β3 outside-in signaling without affecting the integrin-fibrinogen interaction, which suppresses thrombosis without causing significant bleeding. This study characterized a previously unidentified 14-3-3ζ-c-Src-integrin-β3 complex in platelets and provided a novel strategy for the development of safe and effective antithrombotic treatments.
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20
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Song G, Luo BH. Effects of the association of the α v β 8 lower legs on integrin ligand binding. J Cell Biochem 2021; 122:801-813. [PMID: 33619784 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Many integrins transmit signals through global conformational changes. However, it is unclear whether integrin αv β8 adopts a similar mechanism during integrin activation and signaling on the cell surface. Here, we showed that disulfide-bonded mutants, which prevented integrin αv β8 lower leg dissociation, bound ligands with similar level as the wild-type protein, suggesting that αv β8 ligand binding did not require lower leg disassociation. We further showed that the N-glycosylation mutant at the interface between the β I and hybrid domains did not affect ligand binding, suggesting that the αv β8 open headpiece was not present on the cell surface. We proposed that αv β8 integrin may adopt only one state, that is, the extended conformation with a closed headpiece. Our results showed that two lower legs retained heterodimeric interfaces, and this association might be important for stabilizing integrin in the extended conformation. Therefore, αv β8 may not transmit bidirectional signals across the plasma membrane but instead may serve as an anchoring site with high affinity and high accessibility for extracellular ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guannan Song
- Department of Life Science, University of Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Bing-Hao Luo
- Department of Life Science, University of Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
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21
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Cai C, Sun H, Hu L, Fan Z. Visualization of integrin molecules by fluorescence imaging and techniques. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 45:229-257. [PMID: 34219865 PMCID: PMC8249084 DOI: 10.32604/biocell.2021.014338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Integrin molecules are transmembrane αβ heterodimers involved in cell adhesion, trafficking, and signaling. Upon activation, integrins undergo dynamic conformational changes that regulate their affinity to ligands. The physiological functions and activation mechanisms of integrins have been heavily discussed in previous studies and reviews, but the fluorescence imaging techniques -which are powerful tools for biological studies- have not. Here we review the fluorescence labeling methods, imaging techniques, as well as Förster resonance energy transfer assays used to study integrin expression, localization, activation, and functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Cai
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, 06030, USA
| | - Hao Sun
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, 92093, USA
| | - Liang Hu
- Cardiovascular Institute of Zhengzhou University, Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450051, China
| | - Zhichao Fan
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, 06030, USA
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22
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Sani S, Messe M, Fuchs Q, Pierrevelcin M, Laquerriere P, Entz-Werle N, Reita D, Etienne-Selloum N, Bruban V, Choulier L, Martin S, Dontenwill M. Biological Relevance of RGD-Integrin Subtype-Specific Ligands in Cancer. Chembiochem 2020; 22:1151-1160. [PMID: 33140906 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202000626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Integrins are heterodimeric transmembrane proteins able to connect cells with the micro-environment. They represent a family of receptors involved in almost all the hallmarks of cancer. Integrins recognizing the Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) peptide in their natural extracellular matrix ligands have been particularly investigated as tumoral therapeutic targets. In the last 30 years, intense research has been dedicated to designing specific RGD-like ligands able to discriminate selectively the different RGD-recognizing integrins. Chemists' efforts have led to the proposition of modified peptide or peptidomimetic libraries to be used for tumor targeting and/or tumor imaging. Here we review, from the biological point of view, the rationale underlying the need to clearly delineate each RGD-integrin subtype by selective tools. We describe the complex roles of RGD-integrins (mainly the most studied αvβ3 and α5β1 integrins) in tumors, the steps towards selective ligands and the current usefulness of such ligands. Although the impact of integrins in cancer is well acknowledged, the biological characteristics of each integrin subtype in a specific tumor are far from being completely resolved. Selective ligands might help us to reconsider integrins as therapeutic targets in specific clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saidu Sani
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies (LBP), UMR CNRS 7021, Institut Thématique Interdisciplinaire InnoVec, Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Pharmacie, 74 route du, Rhin, CS 60024, 67401, Illkirch Cedex, France
- Cancer and Diabetic Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Federal University Ndufu-Alike Ikwo, P.M.B, 1010, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria
| | - Mélissa Messe
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies (LBP), UMR CNRS 7021, Institut Thématique Interdisciplinaire InnoVec, Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Pharmacie, 74 route du, Rhin, CS 60024, 67401, Illkirch Cedex, France
- Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), UMR CNRS 7178, Université de Strasbourg, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Quentin Fuchs
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies (LBP), UMR CNRS 7021, Institut Thématique Interdisciplinaire InnoVec, Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Pharmacie, 74 route du, Rhin, CS 60024, 67401, Illkirch Cedex, France
| | - Marina Pierrevelcin
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies (LBP), UMR CNRS 7021, Institut Thématique Interdisciplinaire InnoVec, Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Pharmacie, 74 route du, Rhin, CS 60024, 67401, Illkirch Cedex, France
| | - Patrice Laquerriere
- Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), UMR CNRS 7178, Université de Strasbourg, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Natacha Entz-Werle
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies (LBP), UMR CNRS 7021, Institut Thématique Interdisciplinaire InnoVec, Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Pharmacie, 74 route du, Rhin, CS 60024, 67401, Illkirch Cedex, France
- Pediatric Onco-Hematology Department, Pediatrics, University Hospital of Strasbourg, 1 avenue Molière, 67098, Strasbourg, France
| | - Damien Reita
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies (LBP), UMR CNRS 7021, Institut Thématique Interdisciplinaire InnoVec, Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Pharmacie, 74 route du, Rhin, CS 60024, 67401, Illkirch Cedex, France
- Department of Oncobiology, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University Hospital of Strasbourg, France
| | - Nelly Etienne-Selloum
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies (LBP), UMR CNRS 7021, Institut Thématique Interdisciplinaire InnoVec, Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Pharmacie, 74 route du, Rhin, CS 60024, 67401, Illkirch Cedex, France
- Institut du Cancer Strasbourg Europe (ICANS), Service de Pharmacie, 17 rue Albert Calmette, 67200 Strasbourg, France
| | - Véronique Bruban
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies (LBP), UMR CNRS 7021, Institut Thématique Interdisciplinaire InnoVec, Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Pharmacie, 74 route du, Rhin, CS 60024, 67401, Illkirch Cedex, France
| | - Laurence Choulier
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies (LBP), UMR CNRS 7021, Institut Thématique Interdisciplinaire InnoVec, Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Pharmacie, 74 route du, Rhin, CS 60024, 67401, Illkirch Cedex, France
| | - Sophie Martin
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies (LBP), UMR CNRS 7021, Institut Thématique Interdisciplinaire InnoVec, Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Pharmacie, 74 route du, Rhin, CS 60024, 67401, Illkirch Cedex, France
| | - Monique Dontenwill
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies (LBP), UMR CNRS 7021, Institut Thématique Interdisciplinaire InnoVec, Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Pharmacie, 74 route du, Rhin, CS 60024, 67401, Illkirch Cedex, France
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23
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Beddingfield BJ, Iwanaga N, Chapagain PP, Zheng W, Roy CJ, Hu TY, Kolls JK, Bix GJ. The Integrin Binding Peptide, ATN-161, as a Novel Therapy for SARS-CoV-2 Infection. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 6:1-8. [PMID: 33102950 PMCID: PMC7566794 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2020.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Many efforts to design and screen therapeutics for the current severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic have focused on inhibiting viral host cell entry by disrupting angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) binding with the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. This work focuses on the potential to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 entry through a hypothesized α5β1 integrin-based mechanism and indicates that inhibiting the spike protein interaction with α5β1 integrin (+/- ACE2) and the interaction between α5β1 integrin and ACE2 using a novel molecule (ATN-161) represents a promising approach to treat coronavirus disease-19.
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Key Words
- ACE2
- ACE2, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2
- ATN-161
- CO2, carbon dioxide
- COVID-19
- COVID-19, coronavirus disease-2019
- DMEM, Dulbecco’s modified eagle media
- ELISA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
- IC50, half-maximal inhibitory concentration
- RBD, receptor binding domain
- RGD, arginine-glycine-aspartate
- SARS-CoV-2
- SARS-CoV-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2
- alpha5beta1 integrin
- hACE2, human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2
- host-cell entry
- qPCR, quantitative polymerase chain reaction
- receptor binding domain
- therapeutic
- viral spike protein
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon J. Beddingfield
- Division of Microbiology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, Louisiana, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Naoki Iwanaga
- Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, Center for Translational Research in Infection and Inflammation, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Prem P. Chapagain
- Department of Physics, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
- Biomolecular Sciences Institute, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Wenshu Zheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Chad J. Roy
- Division of Microbiology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, Louisiana, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Tony Y. Hu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Jay K. Kolls
- Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, Center for Translational Research in Infection and Inflammation, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Gregory J. Bix
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
- Department of Neurology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
- Tulane Brain Institute, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
- Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
- Address for correspondence: Dr. Gregory J. Bix, Tulane University School of Medicine, Clinical Neuroscience Research Center, 131 South Robertson, Suite 1300, Room 1349, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA.
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24
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Nagrath M, Gallant R, Yazdi AR, Mendonca A, Rahman S, Chiu L, Waldman SD, Ni H, Towler MR. Tantalum-containing mesoporous bioactive glass powder for hemostasis. J Biomater Appl 2020; 35:924-932. [PMID: 33059517 DOI: 10.1177/0885328220965150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluates the hemostatic properties of tantalum-containing mesoporous bioactive glasses (Ta-MBGs) through a suite of in-vitro methods: hemolysis percentage, zeta potential, blood coagulation assays (Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time - APTT and Prothrombin Time - PT) and cytotoxicity tests. Five compositions of Ta-MBG, with x mol% Ta2O5 added to the glass series (80-x)SiO2-15CaO-5P2O5-xTa2O5 where x=0 (0Ta), x=0.5 (0.5Ta), x=1 (1Ta), x=5 (5Ta), and x=10 (10Ta) mol%, were synthesised. The hemostatic potential of all the Ta-MBGs was confirmed by their negative zeta potential (-23 to -31 mV), which enhances the intrinsic pathway of blood coagulation. The hemolysis percentages of all Ta-MBGs except 10Ta showed statistically significant reductions compared to the same experiments carried out both in the absence of a sample ('no treatment' group) and in the presence of 10Ta. These observations validate the consideration of Ta-MBGs as hemostatic agents as they do not cause significant lysis of red blood cells. Cytotoxicity analysis revealed that Ta-MBGs had no effect on bovine fibroblast viability. Furthermore, a reduction in both APTT (a test to evaluate the intrinsic pathway of coagulation) and PT (a test to evaluate the extrinsic pathway) signified enhancement of hemostasis: 5Ta caused a significant reduction in APTT compared to 'no treatment', 1Ta and 10Ta and a significant reduction in PT compared to 0Ta. Therefore, we conclude that 5mol% of Ta optimised the hemostatic properties of these mesoporous bioactive glasses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malvika Nagrath
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Reid Gallant
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alireza Rahimnejad Yazdi
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrew Mendonca
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Saidur Rahman
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Loraine Chiu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stephen D Waldman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Chemical Engineering, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Heyu Ni
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Canadian Blood Services Centre for Innovation, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mark R Towler
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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25
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Beddingfield B, Iwanaga N, Chapagain P, Zheng W, Roy CJ, Hu TY, Kolls J, Bix G. The Integrin Binding Peptide, ATN-161, as a Novel Therapy for SARS-CoV-2 Infection. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2020. [PMID: 32587959 DOI: 10.1101/2020.06.15.153387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Many efforts to design and screen therapeutics for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) have focused on inhibiting viral cell entry by disrupting ACE2 binding with the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. This work focuses on inhibiting SARS-CoV-2 entry through a hypothesized α5β1 integrin-based mechanism, and indicates that inhibiting the spike protein interaction with α5β1 integrin (+/- ACE2), and the interaction between α5β1 integrin and ACE2 using a molecule ATN-161 represents a promising approach to treat COVID-19.
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26
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Paul DS, Bergmeier W. Novel Mouse Model for Studying Hemostatic Function of Human Platelets. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2020; 40:1891-1904. [PMID: 32493172 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.120.314304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Platelets are critical to the formation of a hemostatic plug and the pathogenesis of atherothrombosis. Preclinical animal models, especially the mouse, provide an important platform to assess the efficacy and safety of antiplatelet drugs. However, these studies are limited by inherent differences between human and mouse platelets and the species-selectivity of many drugs. To circumvent these limitations, we developed a new protocol for the adoptive transfer of human platelets into thrombocytopenic nonobese diabetic/severe combined immune deficiency mice, that is, a model where all endogenous platelets are replaced by human platelets in mice accepting xenogeneic tissues. Approach and Results: To demonstrate the power of this new model, we visualized and quantified hemostatic plug formation and stability by intravital spinning disk confocal microscopy following laser ablation injury to the saphenous vein. Integrin αIIbβ3-dependent hemostatic platelet plug formation was achieved within ≈30 seconds after laser ablation injury in humanized platelet mice. Pretreatment of mice with standard dual antiplatelet therapy (Aspirin+Ticagrelor) or PAR1 inhibitor, L-003959712 (an analog of vorapaxar), mildly prolonged the bleeding time and significantly reduced platelet adhesion to the site of injury. Consistent with findings from clinical trials, inhibition of PAR1 in combination with dual antiplatelet therapy markedly prolonged bleeding time in humanized platelet mice. CONCLUSIONS We propose that this novel mouse model will provide a robust platform to test and predict the safety and efficacy of experimental antiplatelet drugs and to characterize the hemostatic function of synthetic, stored and patient platelets.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S Paul
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (D.S.P., W.B.).,UNC Blood Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (D.S.P., W.B.)
| | - Wolfgang Bergmeier
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (D.S.P., W.B.).,UNC Blood Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (D.S.P., W.B.)
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27
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Lacaria L, Lange JR, Goldmann WH, Rico F, Alonso JL. αvβ3 integrin expression increases elasticity in human melanoma cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 525:836-840. [PMID: 32164941 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.02.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Living cells interact with the extracellular matrix (ECM) transducing biochemical signals into mechanical cues and vice versa. Thanks to this mechano-transduction process, cells modify their internal organization and upregulate their physiological functions differently. In this complex mechanism integrins play a fundamental role, connecting the extracellular matrix with the cytoskeleton. Cytoskeletal rearrangements, such as the increase of the overall contractility, impact cell mechanical properties, the entire cell stiffness, and cell deformability. How cell mechanics is influenced via different integrins and their interaction with ECM in health and disease is still unclear. Here, we investigated the influence of αvβ3 integrin expression on the mechanics of human melanoma M21 cells using atomic force microscopy and micro-constriction. Evidence is provided that (i) αvβ3 integrin expression in human melanoma cells increases cell stiffness in both adherent and non-adherent conditions; (ii) replacing αvβ3 with αIIbβ3 integrin in melanoma cells, cell stiffness is increased under adherent, while decreased under non-adherent conditions; (iii) αvβ3 integrin cell stiffening is also maintained when cells adhere to fibronectin, but this phenomenon does not strongly depend on the fibronectin concentration. In all, this study sheds light on the role of αvβ3 in regulating cellular mechanics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leda Lacaria
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, LAI, Marseille, France
| | - Janina R Lange
- Dept. of Biophysics, Friedrich-Alexander-University, 91052, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang H Goldmann
- Dept. of Biophysics, Friedrich-Alexander-University, 91052, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Felix Rico
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, LAI, Marseille, France
| | - José Luis Alonso
- Dept. of Medicine, Mass General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
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28
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Zheng Y, Leftheris K. Insights into Protein–Ligand Interactions in Integrin Complexes: Advances in Structure Determinations. J Med Chem 2020; 63:5675-5696. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b01869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yajun Zheng
- Pliant Therapeutics, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Katerina Leftheris
- Pliant Therapeutics, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
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