1
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Shahriar R, Zhao B, Aravind I, Cai Z, Wang YY, Zhang B, Cronin SB. Low Reducing Potentials Enabled by CaF 2-Supported Graphene Electrodes in High Impedance Solutions. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:45724-45731. [PMID: 39161318 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c09551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/21/2024]
Abstract
We report electrochemical measurements using in situ Raman spectroscopy at graphene/D2O interfaces under extremely low applied potentials. Here, the hydrophobic and catalytically inert nature of graphene and the insulating nature of the deionized (DI) water enables potentials as low as Vapplied = -7 V vs Ag/AgCl to be applied without exceeding 200 μA/cm2 of current density. At higher currents, bubble formation (i.e., hydrogen evolution reaction) prohibits reliable spectra from being obtained from the electrode surface. Using CaF2 as the supporting substrate enables significantly lower reducing potentials to be reached compared to glass substrates, likely due to trapped charge and impurities in the glass substrate. G band Raman spectra taken under various applied electrochemical potentials exhibit a linear relationship between the G band shift (ΔωG) and the applied potential, with blueshifts as high as ΔωG = 18 cm-1. These large Raman shifts indicate a large change in the Fermi level of ΔEF = -0.43 eV for graphene electrodes in contact with water, favoring reduction half-reactions. Based on the solution resistance measurement, there is a VIR = 3.1 V voltage drop across the solution for D2O (when the applied potential was Vapplied = -7 V vs Ag/AgCl) and the effective reducing potential on the working electrode is Veffective = -3.9 V vs Ag/AgCl. We have also tested these graphene electrodes in ionic liquids [DEME][TFSI], which are limited to applied potentials above Vapplied = -2.7 V vs Ag/AgCl and a corresponding shift in the Fermi level ΔEF = -0.32 eV, indicating that pure water can provide a more robust electrolyte for reaching low reducing potentials than ionic liquids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rifat Shahriar
- Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Bofan Zhao
- Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Indu Aravind
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Zhi Cai
- Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Yu Yun Wang
- Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Boxin Zhang
- Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Stephen B Cronin
- Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
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2
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Zhang P, Chen C, Feng M, Sun C, Xu X. Hydroxide and Hydronium Ions Modulate the Dynamic Evolution of Nitrogen Nanobubbles in Water. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:19537-19546. [PMID: 38949461 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c06641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
It has been widely recognized that the pH environment influences the nanobubble dynamics and hydroxide ions adsorbed on the surface may be responsible for the long-term survival of the nanobubbles. However, understanding the distribution of hydronium and hydroxide ions in the vicinity of a bulk nanobubble surface at a microscopic scale and the consequent impact of these ions on the nanobubble behavior remains a challenging endeavor. In this study, we carried out deep potential molecular dynamics simulations to explore the behavior of a nitrogen nanobubble under neutral, acidic, and alkaline conditions and the inherent mechanism, and we also conducted a theoretical thermodynamic and dynamic analysis to address constraints related to simulation duration. Our simulations and theoretical analyses demonstrate a trend of nanobubble dissolution similar to that observed experimentally, emphasizing the limited dissolution of bulk nanobubbles in alkaline conditions, where hydroxide ions tend to reside slightly farther from the nanobubble surface than hydronium ions, forming more stable hydrogen bond networks that shield the nanobubble from dissolution. In acidic conditions, the hydronium ions preferentially accumulating at the nanobubble surface in an orderly manner drive nanobubble dissolution to increase the entropy of the system, and the dissolved nitrogen molecules further strengthen the hydrogen bond networks of systems by providing a hydrophobic environment for hydronium ions, suggesting both entropy and enthalpy effects contribute to the instability of nanobubbles under acidic conditions. These results offer fresh insights into the double-layer distribution of hydroxide and hydronium near the nitrogen-water interface that influences the dynamic behavior of bulk nanobubbles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengchao Zhang
- Center for Combustion Energy, Department of Energy and Power Engineering, and Key Laboratory for Thermal Science and Power Engineering of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Changsheng Chen
- Center for Combustion Energy, Department of Energy and Power Engineering, and Key Laboratory for Thermal Science and Power Engineering of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Muye Feng
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Chao Sun
- Center for Combustion Energy, Department of Energy and Power Engineering, and Key Laboratory for Thermal Science and Power Engineering of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, School of Aerospace Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xuefei Xu
- Center for Combustion Energy, Department of Energy and Power Engineering, and Key Laboratory for Thermal Science and Power Engineering of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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3
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Kumar N, Premadasa UI, Dong D, Roy S, Ma YZ, Doughty B, Bryantsev VS. Adsorption, Orientation, and Speciation of Amino Acids at Air-Aqueous Interfaces for the Direct Air Capture of CO 2. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:14311-14320. [PMID: 38958522 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c00907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Amino acids make up a promising family of molecules capable of direct air capture (DAC) of CO2 from the atmosphere. Under alkaline conditions, CO2 reacts with the anionic form of an amino acid to produce carbamates and deactivated zwitterionic amino acids. The presence of the various species of amino acids and reactive intermediates can have a significant effect on DAC chemistry, the role of which is poorly understood. In this study, all-atom molecular dynamics (MD) based computational simulations and vibrational sum frequency generation (vSFG) spectroscopy studies were conducted to understand the role of competitive interactions at the air-aqueous interface in the context of DAC. We find that the presence of potassium bicarbonate ions, in combination with the anionic and zwitterionic forms of amino acids, induces concentration and charge gradients at the interface, generating a layered molecular arrangement that changes under pre- and post-DAC conditions. In parallel, an enhancement in the surface activity of both anionic and zwitterionic forms of amino acids is observed, which is attributed to enhanced interfacial stability and favorable intermolecular interactions between the adsorbed amino acids in their anionic and zwitterionic forms. The collective influence of these competitive interactions, along with the resulting interfacial heterogeneity, may in turn affect subsequent capture reactions and associated rates. These effects underscore the need to consider dynamic changes in interfacial chemical makeup to enhance DAC efficiency and to develop successful negative emission and storage technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitesh Kumar
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Uvinduni I Premadasa
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Dengpan Dong
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Santanu Roy
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Ying-Zhong Ma
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Benjamin Doughty
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Vyacheslav S Bryantsev
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
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4
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Pullanchery S, Kulik S, Schönfeldová T, Egan CK, Cassone G, Hassanali A, Roke S. pH drives electron density fluctuations that enhance electric field-induced liquid flow. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5951. [PMID: 39009573 PMCID: PMC11251051 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50030-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Liquid flow along a charged interface is commonly described by classical continuum theory, which represents the electric double layer by uniformly distributed point charges. The electrophoretic mobility of hydrophobic nanodroplets in water doubles in magnitude when the pH is varied from neutral to mildly basic (pH 7 → 11). Classical continuum theory predicts that this increase in mobility is due to an increased surface charge. Here, by combining all-optical measurements of surface charge and molecular structure, as well as electronic structure calculations, we show that surface charge and molecular structure at the nanodroplet surface are identical at neutral and mildly basic pH. We propose that the force that propels the droplets originates from two factors: Negative charge on the droplet surface due to charge transfer from and within water, and anisotropic gradients in the fluctuating polarization induced by the electric field. Both charge density fluctuations couple with the external electric field, and lead to droplet flow. Replacing chloride by hydroxide doubles both the charge conductivity via the Grotthuss mechanism, and the droplet mobility. This general mechanism deeply impacts a plethora of processes in biology, chemistry, and nanotechnology and provides an explanation of how pH influences hydrodynamic phenomena and the limitations of classical continuum theory currently used to rationalize these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Pullanchery
- Laboratory for fundamental BioPhotonics, Institute of Bioengineering (IBI), School of Engineering (STI), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - S Kulik
- Laboratory for fundamental BioPhotonics, Institute of Bioengineering (IBI), School of Engineering (STI), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - T Schönfeldová
- Laboratory for fundamental BioPhotonics, Institute of Bioengineering (IBI), School of Engineering (STI), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - C K Egan
- International Centre for Theoretical Physics, Trieste, Italy
| | - G Cassone
- Institute for Physical-Chemical Processes, Italian National Research Council (IPCF-CNR), Messina, Italy
| | - A Hassanali
- International Centre for Theoretical Physics, Trieste, Italy.
| | - S Roke
- Laboratory for fundamental BioPhotonics, Institute of Bioengineering (IBI), School of Engineering (STI), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering (IMX), School of Engineering (STI), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.
- Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast Science, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.
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5
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Jana A, Shepherd S, Litman Y, Wilkins DM. Learning Electronic Polarizations in Aqueous Systems. J Chem Inf Model 2024; 64:4426-4435. [PMID: 38804973 PMCID: PMC11167596 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.4c00421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
The polarization of periodically repeating systems is a discontinuous function of the atomic positions, a fact which seems at first to stymie attempts at their statistical learning. Two approaches to build models for bulk polarizations are compared: one in which a simple point charge model is used to preprocess the raw polarization to give a learning target that is a smooth function of atomic positions and the total polarization is learned as a sum of atom-centered dipoles and one in which instead the average position of Wannier centers around atoms is predicted. For a range of bulk aqueous systems, both of these methods perform perform comparatively well, with the former being slightly better but often requiring an extra effort to find a suitable point charge model. As a challenging test, we also analyze the performance of the models at the air-water interface. In this case, while the Wannier center approach delivers accurate predictions without further modifications, the preprocessing method requires augmentation with information from isolated water molecules to reach similar accuracy. Finally, we present a simple protocol to preprocess the polarizations in a data-driven way using a small number of derivatives calculated at a much lower level of theory, thus overcoming the need to find point charge models without appreciably increasing the computation cost. We believe that the training strategies presented here help the construction of accurate polarization models required for the study of the dielectric properties of realistic complex bulk systems and interfaces with ab initio accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnab Jana
- Centre
for Quantum Materials and Technologies, School of Mathematics and
Physics, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, U.K.
| | - Sam Shepherd
- Centre
for Quantum Materials and Technologies, School of Mathematics and
Physics, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, U.K.
| | - Yair Litman
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K.
| | - David M. Wilkins
- Centre
for Quantum Materials and Technologies, School of Mathematics and
Physics, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, U.K.
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6
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Jin Y, Yang S, Sun M, Gao S, Cheng Y, Wu C, Xu Z, Guo Y, Xu W, Gao X, Wang S, Huang B, Wang Z. How liquids charge the superhydrophobic surfaces. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4762. [PMID: 38834547 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49088-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Liquid-solid contact electrification (CE) is essential to diverse applications. Exploiting its full implementation requires an in-depth understanding and fine-grained control of charge carriers (electrons and/or ions) during CE. Here, we decouple the electrons and ions during liquid-solid CE by designing binary superhydrophobic surfaces that eliminate liquid and ion residues on the surfaces and simultaneously enable us to regulate surface properties, namely work function, to control electron transfers. We find the existence of a linear relationship between the work function of superhydrophobic surfaces and the as-generated charges in liquids, implying that liquid-solid CE arises from electron transfer due to the work function difference between two contacting surfaces. We also rule out the possibility of ion transfer during CE occurring on superhydrophobic surfaces by proving the absence of ions on superhydrophobic surfaces after contact with ion-enriched acidic, alkaline, and salt liquids. Our findings stand in contrast to existing liquid-solid CE studies, and the new insights learned offer the potential to explore more applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuankai Jin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Siyan Yang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Mingzi Sun
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Shouwei Gao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Yaqi Cheng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Chenyang Wu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Zhenyu Xu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Yunting Guo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Wanghuai Xu
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Xuefeng Gao
- Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, PR China
| | - Steven Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Bolong Huang
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, PR China.
| | - Zuankai Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, PR China.
- Research Centre for Nature-Inspired Science and Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, PR China.
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7
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Judd KD, Mendes de Oliveira D, Urbina AS, Ben-Amotz D. Influence of H +, OH - and salts on hydrophobic self-assembly. Chem Sci 2024; 15:6378-6384. [PMID: 38699259 PMCID: PMC11062122 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc06995h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
In spite of the ubiquity of acid/base ions and salts in biological systems, their influence on hydrophobic self-assembly remains an open question. Here we use a combined experimental and theoretical strategy to quantify the influence of H+ and OH-, as well as salts containing Li+, Na+, Cl- and Br-, on the hydrophobic self-assembly of micelles composed of neutral oily 1,2-hexanediol surfactants. The distributions of aggregate sizes, both below and above the critical micelle concentration (CMC), are determined using Raman multivariate curve resolution (Raman-MCR) spectroscopy to quantify the multi-aggregation chemical potential surface (MCPS) that drives self-assembly. The results reveal that ions have little influence on the formation of hydrophobic contact dimers but can significantly drive high-order self assembly. Moreover, the hydration-shells of oily solutes are found to expel the above salt ions and OH-, but to attract H+, with wide-ranging implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth D Judd
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
| | | | - Andres S Urbina
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
| | - Dor Ben-Amotz
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
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8
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Roterman I, Stapor K, Dułak D, Konieczny L. External Force Field for Protein Folding in Chaperonins-Potential Application in In Silico Protein Folding. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:18412-18428. [PMID: 38680295 PMCID: PMC11044213 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c00409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
The present study discusses the influence of the TRiC chaperonin involved in the folding of the component of reovirus mu1/σ3. The TRiC chaperone is treated as a provider of a specific external force field in the fuzzy oil drop model during the structural formation of a target folded protein. The model also determines the status of the final product, which represents the structure directed by an external force field in the form of a chaperonin. This can be used for in silico folding as the process is environment-dependent. The application of the model enables the quantitative assessment of the folding dependence of an external force field, which appears to have universal application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irena Roterman
- Department
of Bioinformatics and Telemedicine, Jagiellonian
University—Medical College, Medyczna 7, Kraków 30-688, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Stapor
- Faculty
of Automatic, Electronics and Computer Science, Department of Applied
Informatics, Silesian University of Technology, Akademicka 16, Gliwice 44-100, Poland
| | - Dawid Dułak
- ABB
Business Services Sp. z o.o, ul Żegańska 1, Warszawa 04-713, Poland
| | - Leszek Konieczny
- Chair
of Medical Biochemistry—Jagiellonian University—Medical
College, Kopernika 7, Kraków 31-034, Poland
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9
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Eatoo MA, Mishra H. Busting the myth of spontaneous formation of H 2O 2 at the air-water interface: contributions of the liquid-solid interface and dissolved oxygen exposed. Chem Sci 2024; 15:3093-3103. [PMID: 38425539 PMCID: PMC10901496 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc06534k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent reports on the spontaneous formation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) at the air-water and solid-water interfaces challenge our current understanding of aquatic chemistry and have ramifications on atmosphere chemistry models, surface science, and green chemistry. Suggested mechanisms underlying this chemical transformation include ultrahigh instantaneous electric fields at the air-water interface and the oxidation of water and reduction of the solid at the solid-water interface. Here, we revisit this curious problem with NMR spectroscopy (with an H2O2 detection limit ≥50 nM) and pay special attention to the effects of nebulizing gas, dissolved oxygen content, and the solid-water interface on this chemical transformation in condensed and sprayed water microdroplets. Experiments reveal that the reduction of dissolved oxygen at the solid-water interface predominantly contributes to the H2O2 formation (not the oxidation of hydroxyl ions at the air-water interface or the oxidation of water at the solid-water interface). We find that the H2O2 formation is accompanied by the consumption (i.e., reduction) of dissolved oxygen and the oxidation of the solid surface, i.e., in the absence of dissolved oxygen, the formation of H2O2(aq) is not observed within the detection limit of ≥50 nM. Remarkably, the tendency of the solids investigated in this work towards forming H2O2 in water followed the same order as their positions in the classic Galvanic series. These findings bust the prevailing myths surrounding H2O2 formation due to the air-water interface, the ultrahigh electric fields therein, or the micro-scale of droplets. The hitherto unrealized role of the oxidation of the solid surface due to dissolved oxygen in the formation of H2O2 is exposed. These findings are especially relevant to corrosion science, surface science, and electrochemistry, among others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muzzamil Ahmad Eatoo
- Environmental Science and Engineering (EnSE) Program, Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) 23955-6900 Thuwal Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Water Desalination and Reuse Center (WDRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) 23955-6900 Thuwal Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Himanshu Mishra
- Environmental Science and Engineering (EnSE) Program, Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) 23955-6900 Thuwal Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Water Desalination and Reuse Center (WDRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) 23955-6900 Thuwal Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Center for Desert Agriculture (CDA), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) 23955-6900 Thuwal Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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10
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Helseth LE. Charge Transfer Quenching and Maximum of a Liquid-Air Contact Line Moving over a Hydrophobic Surface. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:4340-4349. [PMID: 38351538 PMCID: PMC10905998 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c03605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Charge transfer when a hydrophobic fluoropolymer surface comes in contact with salt solutions of water, methanol, and glycerol is investigated. It is found that the charge transfer decreases faster with an increasing fraction of glycerol in water than it does with methanol in water. It is also demonstrated that for both mixtures, the charge transfer increases with the amount of added sodium chloride for small concentrations but then reaches a maximum and subsequently decreases. Surprisingly, this maximum charge transfer shifts toward higher salt concentrations with increasing amount of glycerol in water. However, in water-methanol mixtures, one does not observe a similar shift in charge transfer maximum toward higher salt concentrations. These observations are explained using a model, taking into account the decreased shear distance from the hydrophobic surface for which ions are removed from the electrical double layer due to an interplay of forces acting on the ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Egil Helseth
- Department of Physics and
Technology, University of Bergen, Allegaten 55, Bergen 5020, Norway
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11
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Fitzgerald E, Kumar A, Poulose S, Coey JMD. Interaction and Stability of Nanobubbles and Prenucleation Calcium Clusters during Ultrasonic Treatment of Hard Water. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:2547-2558. [PMID: 38250393 PMCID: PMC10795157 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c07305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
To investigate the stability of nanobubbles in natural hard water, a series of eight samples ranging in hardness from 0 to 332 mg/L CaCO3 were sonicated for periods of 5-45 min with an ultrasonic horn. Conductivity, temperature, ζ-potential, composition, and pH of the water were analyzed, together with the crystal structure of any calcium carbonate precipitate. Quasi-stable populations of bulk nanobubbles in Millipore and soft water are characterized by a ζ-potential of -35 to -20 mV, decaying over 60 h or more. After sonicating the hardest waters for about 10 min, they turn cloudy due to precipitation of amorphous calcium carbonate when the water temperature reaches 40 °C; the ζ-potential then jumps from -10 to +20 mV and remains positive for several days. From an analysis of the change of conductivity of the hard water before and after sonication, it is estimated that 37 ± 5% of calcium was not originally in solution but existed in nanoscale prenucleation clusters, which decorate the nanobubbles formed in the early stages of sonication. Heating and charge screening in the nanobubble colloid cause the decorated bubbles to collapse or disperse, leaving an amorphous precursor of aragonite. Sonicating the soft supernatant increases its conductivity and pH and restores the negative ζ-potential associated with bulk nanobubbles, but there is no further precipitation. Our study of the correlation between nanobubble production and calcium agglomeration spanning the hardness and composition ranges of natural waters shows that the sonication method for introducing nanobubbles is viable only for hard water if it is kept cold; the stability of the nanobubble colloid will be reduced in any case by the presence of dissolved calcium and magnesium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eavan Fitzgerald
- School of Physics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin D02 PN40, Ireland
| | - Anup Kumar
- School of Physics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin D02 PN40, Ireland
| | - Sruthy Poulose
- School of Physics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin D02 PN40, Ireland
| | - J. M. D. Coey
- School of Physics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin D02 PN40, Ireland
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12
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Sharma H, Trivedi M, Nirmalkar N. Do Nanobubbles Exist in Pure Alcohol? LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:1534-1543. [PMID: 38176064 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c03592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
The existence of nanobubbles in pure water has been extensively debated in recent years, and it is speculated that nanobubbles may be ion-stabilized. However, nanobubbles in the alcohol-water mixture and pure alcohols are still controversial due to the lack of ions present in the alcohol system. This work tested the hypothesis that stable nanobubbles exist in pure alcohol. The ultrasound and oscillatory pressure fields are used to generate nanobubbles in pure alcohol. The size distribution, concentration, diameter, and scattering intensity of the nanobubbles were measured by nanoparticle tracking analysis. The light scattering method measures the zeta potential. The Mie scattering theory and electromagnetic wave simulation are utilized to estimate the refractive index (RI) of nanobubbles from the experimentally measured scattering light intensity. The average RI of the nanobubbles in pure alcohols produced by ultrasound and oscillating pressure fields was estimated to be 1.17 ± 0.03. Degassing the nanobubble sample reduces its concentration and increases its size. The average zeta potential of the nanobubbles in pure alcohol was measured to be -5 ± 0.9 mV. The mechanical stability model, which depends on force balance around a single nanobubble, also predicts the presence of nanobubbles in pure alcohol. The nanobubbles in higher-order alcohols were found to be marginally colloidally stable. In summary, both experimental and theoretical results suggest the existence of nanobubbles in pure alcohol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harsh Sharma
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar 140001, India
| | - Mohit Trivedi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar 140001, India
| | - Neelkanth Nirmalkar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar 140001, India
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13
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Zhu C, Pham LN, Yuan X, Ouyang H, Coote ML, Zhang X. High Electric Fields on Water Microdroplets Catalyze Spontaneous and Fast Reactions in Halogen-Bond Complexes. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:21207-21212. [PMID: 37724917 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c08818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
The use of external electric fields as green and efficient catalysts in synthetic chemistry has recently received significant attention for their ability to deliver remarkable control of reaction selectivity and acceleration of reaction rates. Technically, methods of generating high electric fields in the range of 1-10 V/nm are limited, as in-vacuo techniques have obvious scalability issues. The spontaneous high fields at various interfaces promise to solve this problem. In this study, we take advantage of the spontaneous high electric field at the air-water interface of sprayed water microdroplets in the reactions of several halogen bond systems: Nu:--X-X, where Nu: is pyridine or quinuclidine and X is bromine or iodine. The field facilitates ultrafast electron transfer from Nu:, yielding a Nu-X covalent bond and causing the X-X bond to cleave. This reaction occurs in microseconds in microdroplets but takes days to weeks in bulk solution. Density functional theory calculations predict that the reaction becomes barrier-free in the presence of oriented external electric fields, supporting the notion that the electric fields in the water droplets are responsible for the catalysis. We anticipate that microdroplet chemistry will be an avenue rich in opportunities in the reactions facilitated by high electric fields and provides an alternative way to tackle the scalability problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenghui Zhu
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Centre, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Frontiers Science Centre for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Le Nhan Pham
- Institute for Nanoscale Science & Technology, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia 5042, Australia
| | - Xu Yuan
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Centre, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Frontiers Science Centre for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Haoran Ouyang
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Centre, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Frontiers Science Centre for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Michelle L Coote
- Institute for Nanoscale Science & Technology, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia 5042, Australia
| | - Xinxing Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Centre, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Frontiers Science Centre for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
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14
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Chen X, Xia Y, Zhang Z, Hua L, Jia X, Wang F, Zare RN. Hydrocarbon Degradation by Contact with Anoxic Water Microdroplets. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:21538-21545. [PMID: 37725034 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c07445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Oils are hydrophobic, but their degradation is frequently found to be accelerated in the presence of water microdroplets. The direct chemical consequences of water-oil contact have long been overlooked. We show that aqueous microdroplets in emulsified water-hexadecane (C16H34) mixtures can spontaneously produce CO2, •H, H2, and short-chain hydrocarbons (mainly C1 and C2) as detected by gas chromatography, electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry. This reaction results from contact electrification at the water-oil microdroplet interface, in which reactive oxygen species are produced, such as hydrated hydroxyl radicals and hydrogen peroxide. We also find that the H2 originates from the water microdroplet and not the hydrocarbon it contacts. These observations highlight the potential of interfacial contact electrification to produce new chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuke Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yu Xia
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305 ,United States
| | - Zhenyuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Lei Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
| | - Xiuquan Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
| | - Feng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
| | - Richard N Zare
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305 ,United States
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15
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Shaik S, Danovich D, Zare RN. Valence Bond Theory Allows a Generalized Description of Hydrogen Bonding. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:20132-20140. [PMID: 37664980 PMCID: PMC10510329 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c08196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes the nature of the hydrogen bond (HB), B:---H-A, using valence bond theory (VBT). Our analysis shows that the most important HB interactions are polarization and charge transfer, and their corresponding sum displays a pattern that is identical for a variety of energy decomposition analysis (EDA) methods. Furthermore, the sum terms obtained with the different EDA methods correlate linearly with the corresponding VB quantities. The VBT analysis demonstrates that the total covalent-ionic resonance energy (RECS) of the HB portion (B---H in B:---H-A) correlates linearly with the dissociation energy of the HB, ΔEdiss. In principle, therefore, RECS(HB) can be determined by experiment. The VBT wavefunction reveals that the contributions of ionic structures to the HB increase the positive charge on the hydrogen of the corresponding external/free O-H bonds in, for example, the water dimer compared with a free water molecule. This increases the electric field of the external O-H bonds of water clusters and contributes to bringing about catalysis of reactions by water droplets and in water-hydrophobic interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sason Shaik
- Institute
of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - David Danovich
- Institute
of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Richard N. Zare
- Department
of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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16
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Wang W, Zhang L, Wang H, Zhao Y, Cheng J, Meng J, Wang D, Liu Y. High-Output Single-Electrode Droplet Triboelectric Nanogenerator Based on Asymmetrical Distribution Electrostatic Induction Enhancement. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2301568. [PMID: 37150866 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202301568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Droplet-based triboelectric nanogenerators (D-TENGs) have recently gained much attention due to their great potential in harvesting energy. However, the output performance of conventional single-electrode droplet-based TENGs is limited owing to low induced electrification efficiency. The asymmetric distribution of electric fields on both sides of the electrode edge enhances the electrostatic induction process and improves the output performance of D-TENG. Herein, an induced electrification-enhanced droplet-based triboelectric nanogenerator (IED-TENG) is developed to effectively enhance the output performance by simultaneously optimizing the electrode structure and the dynamics of the water droplet. One droplet falling from a height of 30 cm results in a -70 V output voltage and -6 µA short-circuit current, which is 70 times and 20 times the full-inductive-electrode mode, respectively. The working principle and the relationship between electric signal and droplet dynamics are analyzed in detail. Moreover, the peak output voltage can reach -110 V, and the peak current can get -140 µA by using the power generation of multiple water droplets. The present protocol provides an easy and reproducibility strategy in energy harvesting and sensing areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqi Wang
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
- Qingdao Center of Resource Chemistry and New Materials, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Liqiang Zhang
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Hanchao Wang
- Qingdao Center of Resource Chemistry and New Materials, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Yongkang Zhao
- Qingdao Center of Resource Chemistry and New Materials, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Jiahui Cheng
- Qingdao Center of Resource Chemistry and New Materials, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Jie Meng
- Qingdao Center of Resource Chemistry and New Materials, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Daoai Wang
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
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17
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Pullanchery S, Zhang L, Kulik S, Roke S. Interfacial Inversion, Interference, and IR Absorption in Vibrational Sum Frequency Scattering Experiments. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:6795-6803. [PMID: 37470215 PMCID: PMC10405221 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c02727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Molecular interfacial structure greatly determines the properties of nano- and microscale systems. Vibrational sum frequency scattering (SFS) spectroscopy is a unique interface-selective tool to measure the interfacial vibrational spectrum of sub-micron to micron-scale objects dispersed in liquid and solid media. The interfacial structure is extracted from the interfacial susceptibility, a physical property derived from the intensity. Here, we describe the effect of infrared absorption that occurs in a bulk medium that is spectroscopically complex and use the results to investigate the effects of interfacial inversion, interfacial interference, and interfacial interference combined with absorption. We use the same three chemicals to do so, hexadecane oil, water, and a neutral Span80 surfactant. For all cases, the effective surface susceptibility can be retrieved from the intensity. We further find that inverting the phases results in different interfacial structures, even though they are composed of the same three chemicals, and explain this in terms of the different interactions that are necessary to stabilize the drops: steric stabilization for water drops in oil vs. charge stabilization for oil drops in water. Interfacial interference can be used to estimate the surface density of different compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Pullanchery
- Laboratory
for Fundamental BioPhotonics, Institute of Bioengineering (IBI), School
of Engineering (STI), École Polytechnique
Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - L. Zhang
- Laboratory
for Fundamental BioPhotonics, Institute of Bioengineering (IBI), School
of Engineering (STI), École Polytechnique
Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - S. Kulik
- Laboratory
for Fundamental BioPhotonics, Institute of Bioengineering (IBI), School
of Engineering (STI), École Polytechnique
Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - S. Roke
- Laboratory
for Fundamental BioPhotonics, Institute of Bioengineering (IBI), School
of Engineering (STI), École Polytechnique
Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Institute
of Materials Science and Engineering (IMX), School of Engineering
(STI), École Polytechnique Fédérale
de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Lausanne
Centre for Ultrafast Science, École
Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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18
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Landi A, Reisjalali M, Elliott JD, Matta M, Carbone P, Troisi A. Simulation of polymeric mixed ionic and electronic conductors with a combined classical and quantum mechanical model. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY. C 2023; 11:8062-8073. [PMID: 37362027 PMCID: PMC10286221 DOI: 10.1039/d2tc05103f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
In organic polymeric materials with mixed ionic and electronic conduction (OMIEC), the excess charge in doped polymers is very mobile and the dynamics of the polymer chain cannot be accurately described with a model including only fixed point charges. Ions and polymer are comparatively slower and a methodology to capture the correlated motions of excess charge and ions is currently unavailable. Considering a prototypical interface encountered in this type of materials, we constructed a scheme based on the combination of MD and QM/MM to evaluate the classical dynamics of polymer, water and ions, while allowing the excess charge of the polymer chains to rearrange following the external electrostatic potential. We find that the location of the excess charge varies substantially between chains. The excess charge changes across multiple timescales as a result of fast structural fluctuations and slow rearrangement of the polymeric chains. Our results indicate that such effects are likely important to describe the phenomenology of OMIEC, but additional features should be added to the model to enable the study of processes such as electrochemical doping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Landi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool Liverpool L69 3BX UK
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia Adolfo Zambelli, Università di Salerno Via Giovanni Paolo II, I-84084 Fisciano Salerno Italy
| | - Maryam Reisjalali
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool Liverpool L69 3BX UK
| | - Joshua D Elliott
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Manchester Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - Micaela Matta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool Liverpool L69 3BX UK
| | - Paola Carbone
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Manchester Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - Alessandro Troisi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool Liverpool L69 3BX UK
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19
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Roterman I, Konieczny L. Protein Is an Intelligent Micelle. ENTROPY (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 25:850. [PMID: 37372194 DOI: 10.3390/e25060850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Interpreting biological phenomena at the molecular and cellular levels reveals the ways in which information that is specific to living organisms is processed: from the genetic record contained in a strand of DNA, to the translation process, and then to the construction of proteins that carry the flow and processing of information as well as reveal evolutionary mechanisms. The processing of a surprisingly small amount of information, i.e., in the range of 1 GB, contains the record of human DNA that is used in the construction of the highly complex system that is the human body. This shows that what is important is not the quantity of information but rather its skillful use-in other words, this facilitates proper processing. This paper describes the quantitative relations that characterize information during the successive steps of the "biological dogma", illustrating a transition from the recording of information in a DNA strand to the production of proteins exhibiting a defined specificity. It is this that is encoded in the form of information and that determines the unique activity, i.e., the measure of a protein's "intelligence". In a situation of information deficit at the transformation stage of a primary protein structure to a tertiary or quaternary structure, a particular role is served by the environment as a supplier of complementary information, thus leading to the achievement of a structure that guarantees the fulfillment of a specified function. Its quantitative evaluation is possible via using a "fuzzy oil drop" (FOD), particularly with respect to its modified version. This can be achieved when taking into account the participation of an environment other than water in the construction of a specific 3D structure (FOD-M). The next step of information processing on the higher organizational level is the construction of the proteome, where the interrelationship between different functional tasks and organism requirements can be generally characterized by homeostasis. An open system that maintains the stability of all components can be achieved exclusively in a condition of automatic control that is realized by negative feedback loops. This suggests a hypothesis of proteome construction that is based on the system of negative feedback loops. The purpose of this paper is the analysis of information flow in organisms with a particular emphasis on the role of proteins in this process. This paper also presents a model introducing the component of changed conditions and its influence on the protein folding process-since the specificity of proteins is coded in their structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irena Roterman
- Department of Bioinformatics and Telemedicine, Jagiellonian University-Medical College, Medyczna 7, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Leszek Konieczny
- Chair of Medical Biochemistry, Jagiellonian University-Medical College, Kopernika 7, 31-034 Kraków, Poland
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20
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Wise PK, Slipchenko LV, Ben-Amotz D. Ion-Size Dependent Adsorption Crossover on the Surface of a Water Droplet. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:4658-4665. [PMID: 37186591 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c01797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The adsorption of ionic and neutral spherical solutes on the surface of a liquid water droplet are investigated using molecular dynamics simulations and theoretical analyses. The results reveal a crossover in the sign of the adsorption free energy as a function of ion size, with ions larger than iodide predicted to be increasingly surface active. Adsorption free energies are decomposed into competing energetic and entropic contributions arising from direct solute-water interaction energy and its fluctuations. The entropically driven surface activity of large ions is predicted to increase with ion size, while small ions are typically driven away from the interface by a more delicate balance of energetic and entropic contributions, with a nonmonotonic ion size dependence linked to the ion's hydration-shell structure and stability. The physical interpretation of the results is illuminated by comparisons with dielectric linear response and cavity formation predictions and implications to interfacial acidity and enhanced chemical reactivity are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick K Wise
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Lyudmila V Slipchenko
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Dor Ben-Amotz
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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21
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Han B, Isborn CM, Shi L. Incorporating Polarization and Charge Transfer into a Point-Charge Model for Water Using Machine Learning. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:3869-3877. [PMID: 37067482 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c00036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Rigid nonpolarizable water models with fixed point charges have been widely employed in molecular dynamics simulations due to their efficiency and reasonable accuracy for the potential energy surface. However, the dipole moment surface of water is not necessarily well-described by the same fixed charges, leading to failure in reproducing dipole-related properties. Here, we developed a machine-learning model trained against electronic structure data to assign point charges for water, and the resulting dipole moment surface significantly improved the predictions of the dielectric constant and the low-frequency IR spectrum of liquid water. Our analysis reveals that within our atom-centered point-charge description of the dipole moment surface, the intermolecular charge transfer is the major source of the peak intensity at 200 cm-1, whereas the intramolecular polarization controls the enhancement of the dielectric constant. The effects of exact Hartree-Fock exchange in the hybrid density functional on these properties are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Han
- Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Merced, California 95343, United States
| | - Christine M Isborn
- Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Merced, California 95343, United States
| | - Liang Shi
- Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Merced, California 95343, United States
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22
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Donkor ED, Laio A, Hassanali A. Do Machine-Learning Atomic Descriptors and Order Parameters Tell the Same Story? The Case of Liquid Water. J Chem Theory Comput 2023. [PMID: 36920997 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.2c01205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
Machine-learning (ML) has become a key workhorse in molecular simulations. Building an ML model in this context involves encoding the information on chemical environments using local atomic descriptors. In this work, we focus on the Smooth Overlap of Atomic Positions (SOAP) and their application in studying the properties of liquid water both in the bulk and at the hydrophobic air-water interface. By using a statistical test aimed at assessing the relative information content of different distance measures defined on the same data space, we investigate if these descriptors provide the same information as some of the common order parameters that are used to characterize local water structure such as hydrogen bonding, density, or tetrahedrality to name a few. Our analysis suggests that the ML description and the standard order parameters of the local water structure are not equivalent. In particular, a combination of these order parameters probing local water environments can predict SOAP similarity only approximately, and vice versa, the environments that are similar according to SOAP are not necessarily similar according to the standard order parameters. We also elucidate the role of some of the metaparameters in the SOAP definition in encoding chemical information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Danquah Donkor
- The Abdus Salam International Center for Theoretical Physics (ICTP), Strada Costiera 11, 34151 Trieste, Italy.,Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati (SISSA), via Bonomea 265, 34136 Trieste, Italy
| | - Alessandro Laio
- Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati (SISSA), via Bonomea 265, 34136 Trieste, Italy
| | - Ali Hassanali
- The Abdus Salam International Center for Theoretical Physics (ICTP), Strada Costiera 11, 34151 Trieste, Italy
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23
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Chen CY, Hsieh MJ, Raj A, Peng WC, Hamaguchi HO, Chuang WT, Wang X, Wang CL. Missing Piece in Colloidal Stability─Morphological Factor of Hydrophobic Nanoparticles. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:2922-2931. [PMID: 36786432 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c02582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Hydrophobic nanoparticles (NPs) in water were considered unstable because they lack the repulsive electrostatic interaction and steric effect to prevent aggregation. In this study, porous hydrophobic NPs of two star-shaped giant molecules, POSS-(R)8, were found to be stable in water and able to retain their kinetic stability in a wide range of temperatures, pH values, and ionic strengths. Unlike the solid hydrophobic NPs that aggregate even with the negative zeta potential (ζ) induced by surface-structured hydrogen-bonded (SHB) water, the porous morphology of POSS-(R)8 NPs reduces the entropically driven hydrophobic effect to prevent aggregation. With the porous morphology, the hydrophobic NPs are stable without the hydrophilic or charged surface functional groups and demonstrate good encapsulation capability. The morphological factor of colloids is thus one of the missing pieces in the theory of colloidal stability that extends our understanding of colloidal science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Yi Chen
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 1001 Ta-Hsueh Road, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Ju Hsieh
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 1001 Ta-Hsueh Road, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Ankit Raj
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 1001 Ta-Hsueh Road, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Cheng Peng
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 1001 Ta-Hsueh Road, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Hiro-O Hamaguchi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 1001 Ta-Hsueh Road, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Tsung Chuang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, 101 Hsin-Ann Road, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
| | - Xiaosong Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Waterloo University, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Chien-Lung Wang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 1001 Ta-Hsueh Road, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
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24
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Helseth LE. Ion Concentration Influences the Charge Transfer Due to a Water-Air Contact Line Moving over a Hydrophobic Surface: Charge Measurements and Theoretical Models. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:1826-1837. [PMID: 36696661 PMCID: PMC9910047 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c02716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
A metal electrode covered by an inert, hydrophobic polymer surface is dipped into water, and the charge transfer was measured as a function of ion concentration for different chlorides, sulfates, and nitrates. A generic behavior is observed wherein the charge transfer first increases and then decreases as the ion concentration increases. However, for acids, the charge transfer decreases monotonously with concentration and even reverses polarity. Two different models, both in which the charge transfer is attributed to removal of ions from the electrical double layer as the contact line passes by, are discussed and shown to provide possible explanations of the experimental data.
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Affiliation(s)
- L E Helseth
- Department of Physics and Technology, University of Bergen, Allegaten 55, 5020Bergen, Norway
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25
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Rak D, Sedlák M. Solvophobicity-Driven Mesoscale Structures: Stabilizer-Free Nanodispersions. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:1515-1528. [PMID: 36652709 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c02911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Solvophobicity-driven mesoscale structures that lack any stabilizers are perhaps the most common spontaneously formed stable colloidal objects (particles, droplets). In spite of this, they have been significantly overlooked for a long time and the knowledge on solvophobicity-driven mesoscale structures (SDMSs) is rather limited. Here, we follow up on our previous work on mesoscale solubility [Rak, D.; Sedlák, M. On the Mesoscale Solubility in Liquid Solutions and Mixtures. J. Phys. Chem. B 2019, 123, 1365-1374. 10.1021/acs.jpcb.8b10638] and aim at providing a fully consistent picture of the nature, formation, and stability of SDMSs. We investigate both aqueous and nonaqueous mixtures, showing that this phenomenon is universal and not limited to aqueous systems. An experimental regime diagram is constructed as a function of the concentration of the solvophobic component and the solvophobicity strength given by mixtures of various organic solvents. Aqueous mixtures are investigated using well-defined ternary systems comprising water, ethanol (or other organic solvents), and a series of linear alkanes serving as hydrophobes. This investigation covers unique long-time monitoring of SDMS stability (up to three years). Another parameter studied in detail is the temperature of the mixture. SDMSs are characterized in terms of their shape and size distributions obtained using orthogonal techniques. Last but not least, we bring some insights into the SDMS surface zeta potential─the key quantity behind the stability of SDMSs. We investigate zeta potential as a function of the mixture composition, pH, and temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmytro Rak
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Watsonova 47, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Marián Sedlák
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Watsonova 47, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia
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26
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Becker MR, Loche P, Netz RR. Electrokinetic, electrochemical, and electrostatic surface potentials of the pristine water liquid-vapor interface. J Chem Phys 2022; 157:240902. [PMID: 36586978 DOI: 10.1063/5.0127869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Although conceptually simple, the air-water interface displays rich behavior and is subject to intense experimental and theoretical investigations. Different definitions of the electrostatic surface potential as well as different calculation methods, each relevant for distinct experimental scenarios, lead to widely varying potential magnitudes and sometimes even different signs. Based on quantum-chemical density-functional-theory molecular dynamics (DFT-MD) simulations, different surface potentials are evaluated and compared to force-field (FF) MD simulations. As well explained in the literature, the laterally averaged electrostatic surface potential, accessible to electron holography, is dominated by the trace of the water molecular quadrupole moment, and using DFT-MD amounts to +4.35 V inside the water phase, very different from results obtained with FF water models which yield negative values of the order of -0.4 to -0.6 V. Thus, when predicting potentials within water molecules, as relevant for photoelectron spectroscopy and non-linear interface-specific spectroscopy, DFT simulations should be used. The electrochemical surface potential, relevant for ion transfer reactions and ion surface adsorption, is much smaller, less than 200 mV in magnitude, and depends specifically on the ion radius. Charge transfer between interfacial water molecules leads to a sizable surface potential as well. However, when probing electrokinetics by explicitly applying a lateral electric field in DFT-MD simulations, the electrokinetic ζ-potential turns out to be negligible, in agreement with predictions using continuous hydrodynamic models. Thus, interfacial polarization charges from intermolecular charge transfer do not lead to significant electrokinetic mobility at the pristine vapor-liquid water interface, even assuming these transfer charges are mobile in an external electric field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Philip Loche
- Fachbereich Physik, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Roland R Netz
- Fachbereich Physik, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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27
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Ni H. On the hydrophobic hydration, solvation and interface: A thought essay (I). J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.120690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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28
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Hao H, Ruiz Pestana L, Qian J, Liu M, Xu Q, Head‐Gordon T. Chemical transformations and transport phenomena at interfaces. WIRES COMPUTATIONAL MOLECULAR SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/wcms.1639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongxia Hao
- Kenneth S. Pitzer Theory Center and Department of Chemistry University of California Berkeley California USA
- Chemical Sciences Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley California USA
| | - Luis Ruiz Pestana
- Department of Civil and Architectural Engineering University of Miami Coral Gables Florida USA
| | - Jin Qian
- Chemical Sciences Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley California USA
| | - Meili Liu
- Department of Civil and Architectural Engineering University of Miami Coral Gables Florida USA
| | - Qiang Xu
- Chemical Sciences Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley California USA
| | - Teresa Head‐Gordon
- Kenneth S. Pitzer Theory Center and Department of Chemistry University of California Berkeley California USA
- Chemical Sciences Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley California USA
- Department of Bioengineering and Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering University of California Berkeley California USA
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29
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Sosa MD, D'Accorso NB, Martínez Ricci ML, Negri RM. Liquid-Polymer Contact Electrification: Modeling the Dependence of Surface Charges and ξ-Potential on pH and Added-Salt Concentration. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:8817-8828. [PMID: 35834348 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c00813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Here, a mathematical model is presented, which accounts for the dependence of the surface electrical charge density (σ) on pH and the concentration of added salts (Cs), generated when a water drop rolls or slides on the surface of a hydrophobic polymer, a process known as liquid-polymer contact electrification (LPCE). The same model was successfully applied to fit the isotherms of ξ-potential as a function of pH, reported in the literature by other authors for water-poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE) interfaces. Hence, the dependence of σ and ξ on pH was described using the same concept: acid-base equilibria at the water-polymer interface. Equilibrium constants were estimated by fitting experimental isotherms. The experimental results and the model are consistent with a number of 10-100 acid-base sites/μm2. The model predicts the increase of |σ| and |ξ| with pH in the range of 2-10 and the existence of a zero-charge point at pHzcp ≅ 3 for PTFE (independent of Cs). Excellent fits were obtained with Ka/Kb ∼ 9 × 107, where Ka and Kb are the respective acid and base equilibrium constants. On the other hand, the observed decrease in |σ| and |ξ| with Cs at fixed pH is quantitatively described by introducing an activity factor associated with the quenching of water activity by the salt ions at the polymer-water interface, with quenching constant Kq. Additionally, the quenching predicts a decrease in |σ| and |ξ| at extreme pH, where I > (1/Kq) (I: ionic strength), in agreement with literature reports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana D Sosa
- Instituto de Química Física de los Materiales, Medio Ambiente y Energía (INQUIMAE), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad de Buenos Aires, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Norma B D'Accorso
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones en Hidratos de Carbono (CIHIDECAR), CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M Luz Martínez Ricci
- Instituto de Química Física de los Materiales, Medio Ambiente y Energía (INQUIMAE), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad de Buenos Aires, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - R Martín Negri
- Instituto de Química Física de los Materiales, Medio Ambiente y Energía (INQUIMAE), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad de Buenos Aires, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
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30
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Perrin L, Desobry-Banon S, Gillet G, Desobry S. Review of High-Frequency Ultrasounds Emulsification Methods and Oil/Water Interfacial Organization in Absence of any Kind of Stabilizer. Foods 2022; 11:2194. [PMID: 35892779 PMCID: PMC9331899 DOI: 10.3390/foods11152194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Emulsions are multiphasic systems composed of at least two immiscible phases. Emulsion formulation can be made by numerous processes such as low-frequency ultrasounds, high-pressure homogenization, microfluidization, as well as membrane emulsification. These processes often need emulsifiers' presence to help formulate emulsions and to stabilize them over time. However, certain emulsifiers, especially chemical stabilizers, are less and less desired in products because of their negative environment and health impacts. Thus, to avoid them, promising processes using high-frequency ultrasounds were developed to formulate and stabilize emulsifier-free emulsions. High-frequency ultrasounds are ultrasounds having frequency greater than 100 kHz. Until now, emulsifier-free emulsions' stability is not fully understood. Some authors suppose that stability is obtained through hydroxide ions' organization at the hydrophobic/water interfaces, which have been mainly demonstrated by macroscopic studies. Whereas other authors, using microscopic studies, or simulation studies, suppose that the hydrophobic/water interfaces would be rather stabilized thanks to hydronium ions. These theories are discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Perrin
- Laboratoire d’Ingénierie des Biomolécules (LIBio), Université de Lorraine, 2 Avenue de la Forêt de Haye, CEDEX, BP 20163, 54505 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France; (S.D.-B.); (S.D.)
- SAS GENIALIS, Route d’Achères, 18250 Henrichemont, France;
| | - Sylvie Desobry-Banon
- Laboratoire d’Ingénierie des Biomolécules (LIBio), Université de Lorraine, 2 Avenue de la Forêt de Haye, CEDEX, BP 20163, 54505 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France; (S.D.-B.); (S.D.)
| | | | - Stephane Desobry
- Laboratoire d’Ingénierie des Biomolécules (LIBio), Université de Lorraine, 2 Avenue de la Forêt de Haye, CEDEX, BP 20163, 54505 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France; (S.D.-B.); (S.D.)
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31
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Kitanosono T, Hashidoko A, Yamashita Y, Kobayashi S. 2-Methoxyethyl Nitrite as a Reagent for Chemoselective On-Water Nitration. Chem Asian J 2022; 17:e202200457. [PMID: 35612572 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202200457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
An on-water approach has been developed that allows a nitration of tyrosines and phenols under mild conditions. We envisioned that the assembly of tyrosine/tyrosyl radical couples with interfacial water molecules would realize a biomimetic stacking hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) transition state to facilitate the electron-transfer process. The optimal organic nitrite, 2-methoxyethyl nitrite, resulted in rapid coupling of the tyrosyl radicals with •NO 2 at the oil-water interface to afford the nitrated phenols. Many characteristics found in our on-water strategy are distinct from other complementary systems that include radical nitration. These enticing roles of water in the reaction process introduce new avenues to explore in the design of synthetic organic chemistry systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taku Kitanosono
- The University of Tokyo: Tokyo Daigaku, Department of Chemistry, JAPAN
| | - Airu Hashidoko
- The University of Tokyo: Tokyo Daigaku, Department of Chemistry, JAPAN
| | | | - Shu Kobayashi
- The University of Tokyo, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, 113-0033, Tokyo, JAPAN
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32
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Abstract
Hydrogen bond charge transfer in water may have far-reaching chemical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dor Ben-Amotz
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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33
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Pullanchery S, Kulik S, Roke S. Water Structure at the Hydrophobic Nanodroplet Surface Revealed by Vibrational Sum Frequency Scattering Using Isotopic Dilution. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:3186-3192. [PMID: 35417164 PMCID: PMC9059128 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c01987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The water structure at the hydrophobic/water interface is key toward understanding hydrophobicity at the molecular level. Herein, we characterize the hydrogen-bonding network of interfacial water next to sub-micron-sized hydrophobic oil droplets dispersed in water using isotopic dilution vibrational sum frequency scattering (SFS) spectroscopy. The relative intensity of different modes, the frequency shift of the uncoupled O-D spectrum, and a low-frequency shoulder (2395 cm-1) reveal that water forms an overall stronger hydrogen-bonding network next to hydrophobic droplets compared to bulk water and the air/water interface. Half of the spectral width of the oil droplet SFS spectrum is determined by inter- and intramolecular coupling of water molecules. Isotopic dilution also confirms the presence of a broad distribution (ca. 2640-2745 cm-1) of non-water-hydrogen-bonded O-D modes that are red-shifted and broadened compared to similar species at the air/water interface. This band corroborates the presence of charge transfer between water and oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Pullanchery
- Laboratory
for fundamental BioPhotonics, Institute of Bioengineering (IBI), School
of Engineering (STI), École Polytechnique
Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - S. Kulik
- Laboratory
for fundamental BioPhotonics, Institute of Bioengineering (IBI), School
of Engineering (STI), École Polytechnique
Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - S. Roke
- Laboratory
for fundamental BioPhotonics, Institute of Bioengineering (IBI), School
of Engineering (STI), École Polytechnique
Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Institute
of Materials Science and Engineering (IMX), School of Engineering
(STI), École Polytechnique Fédérale
de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Lausanne
Centre for Ultrafast Science, École
Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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34
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Liu T, Li G, Shen N, Wang L, Timmer BJJ, Kravchenko A, Zhou S, Gao Y, Yang Y, Yang H, Xu B, Zhang B, Ahlquist MSG, Sun L. Promoting Proton Transfer and Stabilizing Intermediates in Catalytic Water Oxidation via Hydrophobic Outer Sphere Interactions. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202104562. [PMID: 35289447 PMCID: PMC9314586 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202104562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The outer coordination sphere of metalloenzyme often plays an important role in its high catalytic activity, however, this principle is rarely considered in the design of man-made molecular catalysts. Herein, four Ru-bda (bda=2,2'-bipyridine-6,6'-dicarboxylate) based molecular water oxidation catalysts with well-defined outer spheres are designed and synthesized. Experimental and theoretical studies showed that the hydrophobic environment around the Ru center could lead to thermodynamic stabilization of the high-valent intermediates and kinetic acceleration of the proton transfer process during catalytic water oxidation. By this outer sphere stabilization, a 6-fold rate increase for water oxidation catalysis has been achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianqi Liu
- Department of ChemistrySchool of Engineering Sciences inChemistry Biotechnology and HealthKTH Royal Institute of Technology10044StockholmSweden
| | - Ge Li
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry & BiologySchool of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry Biotechnology and HealthKTH Royal Institute of Technology10691StockholmSweden
| | - Nannan Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and ProtectionSchool for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD−X) andCollaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education InstitutionsSoochow University215123SuzhouChina
| | - Linqin Wang
- Center of Artificial Photosynthesis for Solar FuelsSchool of ScienceWestlake University310024HangzhouChina
| | - Brian J. J. Timmer
- Department of ChemistrySchool of Engineering Sciences inChemistry Biotechnology and HealthKTH Royal Institute of Technology10044StockholmSweden
| | - Alexander Kravchenko
- Department of ChemistrySchool of Engineering Sciences inChemistry Biotechnology and HealthKTH Royal Institute of Technology10044StockholmSweden
| | - Shengyang Zhou
- Nanotechnology and Functional Materials, Department of Materials Sciences and EngineeringThe Ångström LaboratoryUppsala University751 03UppsalaSweden
| | - Ying Gao
- Wallenberg Wood Science CenterDepartment of Fiber and Polymer TechnologyKTH Royal Institute of TechnologyStockholm10044Sweden
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of ChemistrySchool of Engineering Sciences inChemistry Biotechnology and HealthKTH Royal Institute of Technology10044StockholmSweden
| | - Hao Yang
- Department of ChemistrySchool of Engineering Sciences inChemistry Biotechnology and HealthKTH Royal Institute of Technology10044StockholmSweden
| | - Bo Xu
- Department of ChemistrySchool of Engineering Sciences inChemistry Biotechnology and HealthKTH Royal Institute of Technology10044StockholmSweden
| | - Biaobiao Zhang
- Center of Artificial Photosynthesis for Solar FuelsSchool of ScienceWestlake University310024HangzhouChina
| | - Mårten S. G. Ahlquist
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry & BiologySchool of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry Biotechnology and HealthKTH Royal Institute of Technology10691StockholmSweden
| | - Licheng Sun
- Department of ChemistrySchool of Engineering Sciences inChemistry Biotechnology and HealthKTH Royal Institute of Technology10044StockholmSweden
- Center of Artificial Photosynthesis for Solar FuelsSchool of ScienceWestlake University310024HangzhouChina
- Institute of Artificial Photosynthesis (IAP)State Key Laboratory of Fine ChemicalsDalian University of Technology (DUT)Dalian116024China
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35
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Offei-Danso A, Hassanali A, Rodriguez A. High-Dimensional Fluctuations in Liquid Water: Combining Chemical Intuition with Unsupervised Learning. J Chem Theory Comput 2022; 18:3136-3150. [PMID: 35472272 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.1c01292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The microscopic description of the local structure of water remains an open challenge. Here, we adopt an agnostic approach to understanding water's hydrogen bond network using data harvested from molecular dynamics simulations of an empirical water model. A battery of state-of-the-art unsupervised data-science techniques are used to characterize the free-energy landscape of water starting from encoding the water environment using local atomic descriptors, through dimensionality reduction and finally the use of advanced clustering techniques. Analysis of the free energy under ambient conditions was found to be consistent with a rough single basin and independent of the choice of the water model. We find that the fluctuations of the water network occur in a high-dimensional space, which we characterize using a combination of both atomic descriptors and chemical-intuition-based coordinates. We demonstrate that a combination of both types of variables is needed in order to adequately capture the complexity of the fluctuations in the hydrogen bond network at different length scales both at room temperature and also close to the critical point of water. Our results provide a general framework for examining fluctuations in water under different conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adu Offei-Danso
- The Abdus Salam International Center for Theoretical Physics, Strada Costiera 11, 34151 Trieste, Italy.,SISSA─International School for Advanced Studies, Via Bonomea 265, 34136 Trieste, Italy
| | - Ali Hassanali
- The Abdus Salam International Center for Theoretical Physics, Strada Costiera 11, 34151 Trieste, Italy
| | - Alex Rodriguez
- The Abdus Salam International Center for Theoretical Physics, Strada Costiera 11, 34151 Trieste, Italy
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36
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Smits J, Prasad Giri R, Shen C, Mendonça D, Murphy B, Huber P, Rezwan K, Maas M. Assessment of nanoparticle immersion depth at liquid interfaces from chemically equivalent macroscopic surfaces. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 611:670-683. [PMID: 34974227 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.12.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS We test whether the wettability of nanoparticles (NPs) straddling at an air/water surface or oil/water interface can be extrapolated from sessile drop-derived macroscopic contact angles (mCAs) on planar substrates, assuming that both the nanoparticles and the macroscopic substrates are chemically equivalent and feature the same electrokinetic potential. EXPERIMENTS Pure silica (SiO2) and amino-terminated silica (APTES-SiO2) NPs are compared to macroscopic surfaces with extremely low roughness (root mean square [RMS] roughness ≤ 2 nm) or a roughness determined by a close-packed layer of NPs (RMS roughness ∼ 35 nm). Equivalence of the surface chemistry is assessed by comparing the electrokinetic potentials of the NPs via electrophoretic light scattering and of the macroscopic substrates via streaming current analysis. The wettability of the macroscopic substrates is obtained from advancing (ACAs) and receding contact angles (RCAs) and in situ synchrotron X-ray reflectivity (XRR) provided by the NP wettability at the liquid interfaces. FINDINGS Generally, the RCA on smooth surfaces provides a good estimate of NP wetting properties. However, mCAs alone cannot predict adsorption barriers that prevent NP segregation to the interface, as is the case with the pure SiO2 nanoparticles. This strategy greatly facilitates assessing the wetting properties of NPs for applications such as emulsion formulation, flotation, or water remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joeri Smits
- Advanced Ceramics, University of Bremen, Am Biologischen Garten 2, Bremen D-28359, Germany.
| | - Rajendra Prasad Giri
- Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics, Kiel University, Kiel D-24098, Germany.
| | - Chen Shen
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, Hamburg D-22607, Germany.
| | - Diogo Mendonça
- Advanced Ceramics, University of Bremen, Am Biologischen Garten 2, Bremen D-28359, Germany; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis 88040-900, Brazil.
| | - Bridget Murphy
- Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics, Kiel University, Kiel D-24098, Germany; Ruprecht-Haensel Laboratory, Kiel University, Kiel 24118, Germany.
| | - Patrick Huber
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, Hamburg D-22607, Germany; Hamburg University of Technology, Institute for Materials and X-Ray Physics, Eißendorfer Straße 42, Hamburg 21073, Germany; Hamburg University, Center for Hybrid Nanostructures ChyN, Luruper Chaussee 149, Hamburg 22607, Germany.
| | - Kurosch Rezwan
- Advanced Ceramics, University of Bremen, Am Biologischen Garten 2, Bremen D-28359, Germany; MAPEX Center for Materials and Processes, University of Bremen, Bibliothekstraße 1, Bremen D-28359, Germany.
| | - Michael Maas
- Advanced Ceramics, University of Bremen, Am Biologischen Garten 2, Bremen D-28359, Germany; MAPEX Center for Materials and Processes, University of Bremen, Bibliothekstraße 1, Bremen D-28359, Germany.
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37
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Bredt AJ, Kim Y, Mendes de Oliveira D, Urbina AS, Slipchenko LV, Ben-Amotz D. Expulsion of Hydroxide Ions from Methyl Hydration Shells. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:869-877. [PMID: 35077175 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c08420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The affinity of hydroxide ions for methyl hydration shells is assessed using a combined experimental and theoretical analysis of tert-butyl alcohol (TBA) dissolved in pure water and aqueous NaOH and NaI. The experimental results are obtained using Raman multivariate curve resolution (Raman-MCR) and a new three-component total least squares (Raman-TLS) spectral decomposition strategy used to highlight vibrational perturbations resulting from interactions between TBA and aqueous ions. The experiments are interpreted and extended with the aid of effective fragment potential molecular dynamics (EFP-MD) simulations, as well as Kirkwood-Buff calculations and octanol/water partition measurements, to relate TBA-ion distribution functions to TBA solubility changes. The combined experimental and simulation results reveal that methyl group hydration shells more strongly expel hydroxide than iodide anions, whose populations near the methyl groups of TBA are predicted to be correlated with sodium counterion localization near the TBA hydroxyl group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aria J Bredt
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Yongbin Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | | | - Andres S Urbina
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Lyudmila V Slipchenko
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Dor Ben-Amotz
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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38
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Ma X, Li M, Pfeiffer P, Eisener J, Ohl CD, Sun C. Ion adsorption stabilizes bulk nanobubbles. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 606:1380-1394. [PMID: 34492474 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.08.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The mechanism leading to the extraordinary stability of bulk nanobubbles in aqueous solutions remains an outstanding problem in soft matter, modern surface science, and physical chemistry science. In this work, the stability of bulk nanobubbles in electrolyte solutions under different pH levels and ionic strengths is studied. Nanobubbles are generated via the technique of ultrasonic cavitation, and characterized for size, number concentration and zeta potential under ambient conditions. Experimental results show that nanobubbles can survive in both acidic and basic solutions with pH values far away from the isoelectric point. We attribute the enhanced stability with increasing acidity or alkalinity of the aqueous solutions to the effective accumulation of net charges, regardless of their sign. The kinetic stability of the nanobubbles in various aqueous solutions is evaluated within the classic DLVO framework. Further, by combining a modified Poisson-Boltzmann equation with a modified Langmuir adsorption model, we describe a simple model that captures the influence of ion species and bulk concentration and reproduce the dependence of the nanobubble's surface potential on pH. We also discuss the apparent contradiction between quantitative calculation by ion stabilization model and experimental results. This essentially requires insight into the structure and dynamics of interfacial water on the atomic-scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotong Ma
- Center for Combustion Energy, Key laboratory for Thermal Science and Power Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Energy and Power Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Mingbo Li
- Center for Combustion Energy, Key laboratory for Thermal Science and Power Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Energy and Power Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Patricia Pfeiffer
- Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Institute of Experimental Physics, Universitätsplatz 2, 39016 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Julian Eisener
- Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Institute of Experimental Physics, Universitätsplatz 2, 39016 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Claus-Dieter Ohl
- Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Institute of Experimental Physics, Universitätsplatz 2, 39016 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Chao Sun
- Center for Combustion Energy, Key laboratory for Thermal Science and Power Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Energy and Power Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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39
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Hao H, Leven I, Head-Gordon T. Can electric fields drive chemistry for an aqueous microdroplet? Nat Commun 2022; 13:280. [PMID: 35022410 PMCID: PMC8755715 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27941-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Reaction rates of common organic reactions have been reported to increase by one to six orders of magnitude in aqueous microdroplets compared to bulk solution, but the reasons for the rate acceleration are poorly understood. Using a coarse-grained electron model that describes structural organization and electron densities for water droplets without the expense of ab initio methods, we investigate the electric field distributions at the air-water interface to understand the origin of surface reactivity. We find that electric field alignments along free O-H bonds at the surface are ~16 MV/cm larger on average than that found for O-H bonds in the interior of the water droplet. Furthermore, electric field distributions can be an order of magnitude larger than the average due to non-linear coupling of intramolecular solvent polarization with intermolecular solvent modes which may contribute to even greater surface reactivity for weakening or breaking chemical bonds at the droplet surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxia Hao
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Pitzer Center for Theoretical Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Departments of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Itai Leven
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Pitzer Center for Theoretical Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Departments of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Teresa Head-Gordon
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
- Pitzer Center for Theoretical Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
- Departments of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
- Departments of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
- Departments of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
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40
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Pullanchery S, Kulik S, Rehl B, Hassanali A, Roke S. Charge transfer across C-H⋅⋅⋅O hydrogen bonds stabilizes oil droplets in water. Science 2021; 374:1366-1370. [PMID: 34882471 DOI: 10.1126/science.abj3007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Saranya Pullanchery
- Laboratory for Fundamental BioPhotonics, Institute of Bioengineering (IBI), School of Engineering (STI), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sergey Kulik
- Laboratory for Fundamental BioPhotonics, Institute of Bioengineering (IBI), School of Engineering (STI), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Benjamin Rehl
- Laboratory for Fundamental BioPhotonics, Institute of Bioengineering (IBI), School of Engineering (STI), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ali Hassanali
- International Centre for Theoretical Physics, 34100 Trieste, Italy
| | - Sylvie Roke
- Laboratory for Fundamental BioPhotonics, Institute of Bioengineering (IBI), School of Engineering (STI), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.,Institute of Materials Science and Engineering (IMX), School of Engineering (STI), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.,Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast Science, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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41
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Herbert JM, Paul SK. Interaction Energy Analysis of Monovalent Inorganic Anions in Bulk Water Versus Air/Water Interface. Molecules 2021; 26:6719. [PMID: 34771133 PMCID: PMC8588468 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26216719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Soft anions exhibit surface activity at the air/water interface that can be probed using surface-sensitive vibrational spectroscopy, but the structural implications of this surface activity remain a matter of debate. Here, we examine the nature of anion-water interactions at the air/water interface using a combination of molecular dynamics simulations and quantum-mechanical energy decomposition analysis based on symmetry-adapted perturbation theory. Results are presented for a set of monovalent anions, including Cl-, Br-, I-, CN-, OCN-, SCN-, NO2-, NO3-, and ClOn- (n=1,2,3,4), several of which are archetypal examples of surface-active species. In all cases, we find that average anion-water interaction energies are systematically larger in bulk water although the difference (with respect to the same quantity computed in the interfacial environment) is well within the magnitude of the instantaneous fluctuations. Specifically for the surface-active species Br-(aq), I-(aq), ClO4-(aq), and SCN-(aq), and also for ClO-(aq), the charge-transfer (CT) energy is found to be larger at the interface than it is in bulk water, by an amount that is greater than the standard deviation of the fluctuations. The Cl-(aq) ion has a slightly larger CT energy at the interface, but NO3-(aq) does not; these two species are borderline cases where consensus is lacking regarding their surface activity. However, CT stabilization amounts to <20% of the total induction energy for each of the ions considered here, and CT-free polarization energies are systematically larger in bulk water in all cases. As such, the role of these effects in the surface activity of soft anions remains unclear. This analysis complements our recent work suggesting that the short-range solvation structure around these ions is scarcely different at the air/water interface from what it is in bulk water. Together, these observations suggest that changes in first-shell hydration structure around soft anions cannot explain observed surface activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M. Herbert
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA;
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42
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Tang Z, Lin S, Wang ZL. Quantifying Contact-Electrification Induced Charge Transfer on a Liquid Droplet after Contacting with a Liquid or Solid. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2102886. [PMID: 34476851 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202102886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Contact electrification (CE) is a common physical phenomenon, and its mechanisms for solid-solid and liquid-solid cases have been widely discussed. However, the studies about liquid-liquid CE are hindered by the lack of proper techniques. Here, a contactless method is proposed for quantifying the charges on a liquid droplet based on the combination of electric field and acoustic field. The liquid droplet is suspended in an acoustic field, and an electric field force is created on the droplet to balance the acoustic trap force. The amount of charges on the droplet is thus calculated based on the equilibrium of forces. Further, the liquid-solid and liquid-liquid CE are both studied by using the method, and the latter is focused. The behavior of negatively precharged liquid droplet in the liquid-liquid CE is found to be different from that of the positively precharged one. The results show that the silicone oil droplet prefers to receive negative charges from a negatively charged aqueous droplet rather than positive charges from a positively charged aqueous droplet, which provides a strong evidence about the dominant role played by electron transfer in the liquid-liquid CE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Tang
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Shiquan Lin
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Zhong Lin Wang
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332-0245, USA
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43
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Uematsu Y. Electrification of water interface. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2021; 33. [PMID: 34280896 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ac15d5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The surface charge of a water interface determines many fundamental processes in physical chemistry and interface science, and it has been intensively studied for over a hundred years. We summarize experimental methods to characterize the surface charge densities developed so far: electrokinetics, double-layer force measurements, potentiometric titration, surface-sensitive nonlinear spectroscopy, and surface-sensitive mass spectrometry. Then, we elucidate physical ion adsorption and chemical electrification as examples of electrification mechanisms. In the end, novel effects on surface electrification are discussed in detail. We believe that this clear overview of state of the art in a charged water interface will surely help the fundamental progress of physics and chemistry at interfaces in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Uematsu
- Department of Physics, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
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44
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Size dependence of hydrophobic hydration at electrified gold/water interfaces. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2023867118. [PMID: 33876767 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2023867118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrophobic hydration at metal/water interfaces actively contributes to the energetics of electrochemical reactions, e.g. [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] reduction, where small hydrophobic molecules are involved. In this work, constant applied potential molecular dynamics is employed to study hydrophobic hydration at a gold/water interface. We propose an adaptation of the Lum-Chandler-Weeks (LCW) theory to describe the free energy of hydrophobic hydration at the interface as a function of solute size and applied voltage. Based on this model we are able to predict the free energy cost of cavity formation at the interface directly from the free energy cost in the bulk plus an interface-dependent correction term. The interfacial water network contributes significantly to the free energy, yielding a preference for outer-sphere adsorption at the gold surface for ideal hydrophobes. We predict an accumulation of small hydrophobic solutes of sizes comparable to CO or [Formula: see text], while the free energy cost to hydrate larger hydrophobes, above 2.5-Å radius, is shown to be greater at the interface than in the bulk. Interestingly, the transition from the volume dominated to the surface dominated regimes predicted by the LCW theory in the bulk is also found to take place for hydrophobes at the Au/water interface but occurs at smaller cavity radii. By applying the adapted LCW theory to a simple model addition reaction, we illustrate some implications of our findings for electrochemical reactions.
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45
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Experimental Data Contributing to the Elusive Surface Charge of Inert Materials in Contact with Aqueous Media. COLLOIDS AND INTERFACES 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/colloids5010006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
We studied the charging of inert surfaces (polytetrafluoroethylene, i.e., PTFE; graphite; graphene; and hydrophobic silica) using classical colloid chemistry approaches. Potentiometric titrations showed that these surfaces acquired less charge from proton-related reactions than oxide minerals. The data from batch-type titrations for PTFE powder did not show an effect of ionic strength, which was also in contrast with results for classical colloids. In agreement with classical colloids, the electrokinetic results for inert surfaces showed the typical salt level dependence. In some cases, the point of zero net proton charge as determined from mass and tentatively from acid–base titration differed from isoelectric points, which has also been previously observed, for example by Chibowski and co-workers for ice electrolyte interfaces. Finally, we found no evidence for surface contaminations of our PTFE particles before and after immersion in aqueous solutions. Only in the presence of NaCl-containing solutions did cryo-XPS detect oxygen from water. We believe that our low isoelectric points for PTFE were not due to impurities. Moreover, the measured buffering at pH 3 could not be explained by sub-micromolar concentrations of contaminants. The most comprehensive explanation for the various sets of data is that hydroxide ion accumulation occurred at the interfaces between inert surfaces and aqueous solutions.
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46
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Chen M, Li L, Zhu R, Zhu J, He H. Intrinsic water layering next to soft, solid, hydrophobic, and hydrophilic substrates. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:224702. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0030021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Meng Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mineralogy and Metallogeny/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mineral Physics and Materials, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Institutions of Earth Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Lin Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mineralogy and Metallogeny/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mineral Physics and Materials, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Institutions of Earth Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Guangzhou 510640, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Runliang Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mineralogy and Metallogeny/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mineral Physics and Materials, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Institutions of Earth Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Guangzhou 510640, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jianxi Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mineralogy and Metallogeny/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mineral Physics and Materials, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Institutions of Earth Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Guangzhou 510640, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hongping He
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mineralogy and Metallogeny/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mineral Physics and Materials, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Institutions of Earth Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Guangzhou 510640, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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47
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Belousov R, Qaisrani MN, Hassanali A, Roldán É. First-passage fingerprints of water diffusion near glutamine surfaces. SOFT MATTER 2020; 16:9202-9216. [PMID: 32510065 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm00541j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The extent to which biological interfaces affect the dynamics of water plays a key role in the exchange of matter and chemical interactions that are essential for life. The density and the mobility of water molecules depend on their proximity to biological interfaces and can play an important role in processes such as protein folding and aggregation. In this work, we study the dynamics of water near glutamine surfaces-a system of interest in studies of neurodegenerative diseases. Combining molecular-dynamics simulations and stochastic modelling, we study how the mean first-passage time and related statistics of water molecules escaping subnanometer-sized regions vary from the interface to the bulk. Our analysis reveals a dynamical complexity that reflects underlying chemical and geometrical properties of the glutamine surfaces. From the first-passage time statistics of water molecules, we infer their space-dependent diffusion coefficient in directions normal to the surfaces. Interestingly, our results suggest that the mobility of water varies over a longer length scale than the chemical potential associated with the water-protein interactions. The synergy of molecular dynamics and first-passage techniques opens the possibility for extracting space-dependent diffusion coefficients in more complex, inhomogeneous environments that are commonplace in living matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Belousov
- ICTP - The Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics, Strada Costiera 11, 34151, Trieste, Italy.
| | - Muhammad Nawaz Qaisrani
- ICTP - The Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics, Strada Costiera 11, 34151, Trieste, Italy. and SISSA - International School for Advanced Studies, Via Bonomea 265, 34136 Trieste, Italy
| | - Ali Hassanali
- ICTP - The Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics, Strada Costiera 11, 34151, Trieste, Italy.
| | - Édgar Roldán
- ICTP - The Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics, Strada Costiera 11, 34151, Trieste, Italy.
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48
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Nauruzbayeva J, Sun Z, Gallo A, Ibrahim M, Santamarina JC, Mishra H. Electrification at water-hydrophobe interfaces. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5285. [PMID: 33082321 PMCID: PMC7576844 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19054-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms leading to the electrification of water when it comes in contact with hydrophobic surfaces remains a research frontier in chemical science. A clear understanding of these mechanisms could, for instance, aid the rational design of triboelectric generators and micro- and nano-fluidic devices. Here, we investigate the origins of the excess positive charges incurred on water droplets that are dispensed from capillaries made of polypropylene, perfluorodecyltrichlorosilane-coated glass, and polytetrafluoroethylene. Results demonstrate that the magnitude and sign of electrical charges vary depending on: the hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity of the capillary; the presence/absence of a water reservoir inside the capillary; the chemical and physical properties of aqueous solutions such as pH, ionic strength, dielectric constant and dissolved CO2 content; and environmental conditions such as relative humidity. Based on these results, we deduce that common hydrophobic materials possess surface-bound negative charge. Thus, when these surfaces are submerged in water, hydrated cations form an electrical double layer. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the primary role of hydrophobicity is to facilitate water-substrate separation without leaving a significant amount of liquid behind. These results advance the fundamental understanding of water-hydrophobe interfaces and should translate into superior materials and technologies for energy transduction, electrowetting, and separation processes, among others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamilya Nauruzbayeva
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Water Desalination and Reuse Center (WDRC), Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Thuwal, 23955 - 6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zhonghao Sun
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Ali I. Al-Naimi Petroleum Engineering Research Center (ANPERC), Division of Physical Science and Engineering, Thuwal, 23955 - 6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adair Gallo
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Water Desalination and Reuse Center (WDRC), Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Thuwal, 23955 - 6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud Ibrahim
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Water Desalination and Reuse Center (WDRC), Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Thuwal, 23955 - 6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - J Carlos Santamarina
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Ali I. Al-Naimi Petroleum Engineering Research Center (ANPERC), Division of Physical Science and Engineering, Thuwal, 23955 - 6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Himanshu Mishra
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Water Desalination and Reuse Center (WDRC), Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Thuwal, 23955 - 6900, Saudi Arabia.
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49
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Abstract
Why the bubbles are negatively charged? This is almost 100 years old question, which many scientists have striven and still are striving to answer using the latest developments of the MD simulations and various physical analytical methods. We scrutinize with this paper the basic literature on this topic and conduct our own analysis. Following the philosophical law of parsimony: “Entities should not be multiplied without necessity”, we assume that the simplest explanation is the right one. It is well known that the negative change of the Gibbs free energy is a solid criterion for spontaneous process. Hence, we calculated the energies of adsorption of OH−, H3O+ and HCO3− ions on the air/water interface using the latest theoretical developments on the dispersion interaction of inorganic ions with the air/water interface. Thus, we established that the adsorption of OH− and HCO3− ions is energetically favorable, while the adsorption of H3O+ is energetically unfavorable. Moreover, we calculated the change of the entropy of these ions upon their transfer from the bulk to the air/water interface. Using the well-known formula ΔG = ΔH − TΔS, we established that the adsorption of OH− and HCO3− ions on the air/water interface decreases their Gibbs free energy. On the contrary, the adsorption of H3O+ ions on the air/water interface increases their Gibbs free energy. Thus, we established that both OH− and HCO3− ions adsorb on the air/water interface, while the H3O+ ions are repelled by the latter. Therefore, electrical double layer (EDL) is formed at the surface of the bubble–negatively charged adsorption layer of OH− and HCO3− ions and positively charged diffuse layer of H3O+ ions.
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50
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Kim S, Wang X, Jang J, Eom K, Clegg SL, Park G, Di Tommaso D. Hydrogen-Bond Structure and Low-Frequency Dynamics of Electrolyte Solutions: Hydration Numbers from ab Initio Water Reorientation Dynamics and Dielectric Relaxation Spectroscopy. Chemphyschem 2020; 21:2334-2346. [PMID: 32866322 PMCID: PMC7702081 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202000498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We present an atomistic simulation scheme for the determination of the hydration number (h) of aqueous electrolyte solutions based on the calculation of the water dipole reorientation dynamics. In this methodology, the time evolution of an aqueous electrolyte solution generated from ab initio molecular dynamics simulations is used to compute the reorientation time of different water subpopulations. The value of h is determined by considering whether the reorientation time of the water subpopulations is retarded with respect to bulk-like behavior. The application of this computational protocol to magnesium chloride (MgCl2 ) solutions at different concentrations (0.6-2.8 mol kg-1 ) gives h values in excellent agreement with experimental hydration numbers obtained using GHz-to-THz dielectric relaxation spectroscopy. This methodology is attractive because it is based on a well-defined criterion for the definition of hydration number and provides a link with the molecular-level processes responsible for affecting bulk solution behavior. Analysis of the ab initio molecular dynamics trajectories using radial distribution functions, hydrogen bonding statistics, vibrational density of states, water-water hydrogen bonding lifetimes, and water dipole reorientation reveals that MgCl2 has a considerable influence on the hydrogen bond network compared with bulk water. These effects have been assigned to the specific strong Mg-water interaction rather than the Cl-water interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seonmyeong Kim
- Center for THz-driven Biomedical SystemDepartment of Physics and AstronomySeoul National UniversityGwanak-gu08826South Korea
- Advanced Institutes of Convergence TechnologySeoul National UniversitySuwon-SiGyeonggi-do16229South Korea
| | - Xiangwen Wang
- School of Biological and Chemical SciencesMaterials Research InstituteThomas Young CentreQueen Mary University of LondonMile End RoadLondonE1 4NSUnited Kingdom
| | - Jeongmin Jang
- Center for THz-driven Biomedical SystemDepartment of Physics and AstronomySeoul National UniversityGwanak-gu08826South Korea
- Advanced Institutes of Convergence TechnologySeoul National UniversitySuwon-SiGyeonggi-do16229South Korea
| | - Kihoon Eom
- Center for THz-driven Biomedical SystemDepartment of Physics and AstronomySeoul National UniversityGwanak-gu08826South Korea
- Advanced Institutes of Convergence TechnologySeoul National UniversitySuwon-SiGyeonggi-do16229South Korea
| | - Simon L. Clegg
- School of Environmental SciencesUniversity of East AngliaNorwichNR4 7TJUnited Kingdom
| | - Gun‐Sik Park
- Center for THz-driven Biomedical SystemDepartment of Physics and AstronomySeoul National UniversityGwanak-gu08826South Korea
- Advanced Institutes of Convergence TechnologySeoul National UniversitySuwon-SiGyeonggi-do16229South Korea
| | - Devis Di Tommaso
- School of Biological and Chemical SciencesMaterials Research InstituteThomas Young CentreQueen Mary University of LondonMile End RoadLondonE1 4NSUnited Kingdom
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