1
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Li W, Wu H, Huang Y, Yao Y, Hou Y, Teng Q, Cai M, Wu J. Ultra-Fast-Healing Glassy Hyperbranched Plastics Capable of Restoring 26.4 MPa Tensile Strength within One Minute at Room Temperature. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202408250. [PMID: 38839568 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202408250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
The growing concern regarding widespread plastic pollution has propelled the development of sustainable self-healing plastics. Although considerable efforts have been dedicated to fabricating self-healing plastics, achieving rapid healing at room temperature is extremely challenging. Herein, we have developed an ultra-fast-healing glassy polyurethane (UGPU) by designing a hyperbranched molecular structure with a high density of multiple hydrogen bonds (H-bonds) on compliant acyclic heterochains and introducing trace water to form water bridge across the fractured surfaces. The compliant acyclic heterochains allow the dense multiple hydrogen bonds to form a frozen network, enabling tensile strength of up to 70 MPa and storage modulus of 2.5 GPa. The hyperbranched structure can drive the reorganization of the H-bonding network through the high mobility of the branched chains and terminals, thereby leading to self-healing ability at room temperature. Intriguingly, the presence of trace water vapor facilitates the formation of activated layers and the rearrangement of networks across the fractured UGPU sections, thereby enabling ultra-fast self-healing at room temperature. Consequently, the restored tensile strength after healing for 1 minute achieves a historic-record of 26.4 MPa. Furthermore, the high transparency (>90 %) and ultra-fast healing property of UGPU make it an excellent candidate for advanced optical and structural materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Haitao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Yue Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Yihang Yao
- Nanostructures for Electronics & Electromechanics Laboratory, School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310024, P. R. China
| | - Yujia Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Qiancheng Teng
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Minjie Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Jinrong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
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2
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Wang T, Young WO, Suazo MJ, Peera A, Carter MCD, Yeung K, Li L, Torkelson JM. Random Copolymers Based on 2-Ethylhexyl Acrylate Exhibit Unusual Glass Transition Breadth and Facile Autonomous Self-Healing over a Broad Composition Range. Macromol Rapid Commun 2024:e2400198. [PMID: 39150329 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202400198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2024] [Revised: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
Statistical copolymers are commercially important because their properties can be tuned by comonomer selection and composition. Rubbery-state styrene (S)/n-butyl acrylate (nBA) copolymers have previously been reported to exhibit facile, autonomous self-healing over a narrow composition band (47/53 to 53/47 mol%). The need for a narrow composition band is explained by alternating comonomer sequences that accommodate interchain secondary bonding. It is hypothesized that copolymers that achieve interchain secondary bonding without alternating sequences can exhibit facile self-healing over a broad composition range. 2-ethylhexyl acrylate (EHA) is identified as yielding sequence-independent secondary bonding interactions. For these interactions it is tested experimentally by glass transition breadth in rubbery-state S/EHA copolymers, with S/n-hexyl acrylate (nHA) and S/nBA copolymers as controls. The n-alkyl acrylate random copolymers exhibit enhanced glass transition breadths over narrow composition bands that correspond to autonomous self-healing. In contrast, S/EHA copolymers exhibit much greater glass transition breadths than S/nHA and S/nBA copolymers at all compositions tested as well as self-healing of damage over a broad composition range with full tensile-property recovery, often in 3-10 h. Characterization of glass transition breadth may serve as a simple screening tool for identifying copolymers that exhibit broad-composition-range, facile, autonomous self-healing and contribute to polymer resilience and sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Wenshiue O Young
- The Dow Chemical Company, 400 Arcola Road, Collegeville, PA, 19426, USA
| | - Mathew J Suazo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Asghar Peera
- The Dow Chemical Company, 400 Arcola Road, Collegeville, PA, 19426, USA
| | | | - Kimy Yeung
- The Dow Chemical Company, 400 Arcola Road, Collegeville, PA, 19426, USA
| | - Li Li
- The Dow Chemical Company, 400 Arcola Road, Collegeville, PA, 19426, USA
| | - John M Torkelson
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
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Gaikwad S, Urban MW. Fluorophilic Sigma(σ)-Lock Self-Healable Copolymers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202405504. [PMID: 38739414 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202405504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Although F-Containing molecules and macromolecules are often used in molecular biology to increase the binding with Lewis acidic groups by introducing favorable C-F dipoles, there is virtually no experimental evidence and limited understanding of the nature of these interactions, especially their role in synthetic polymeric materials. These studies elucidate the molecular origin of inter- and intra-Chain interactions responsible for self-healing of F-Containing copolymers composed of pentafluorostyrene and n-butyl acrylate units (p(PFS/nBA). Guided by dynamic surface oscillating force (SOF) and spectroscopic measurements supported by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, these studies show that the reformation of σ-σ orbitals in -C-F of PFS and CH3CH2- of nBA units enables the recovery of entropic energy via fluorophilic-σ-lock van der Waals forces when PFS/nBA molar ratios are ~50/50. The strength of these interactions determined experimentally for self-healable PFS/nBA compositions is in the order ~0.3 kcal/mol which primarily comes from fluorophilic-σ-lock (~70 %) contributions. These interactions are significantly diminished for non-self-healable counterparts. Strongly polarized -C-F σ orbitals create lateral dipolar forces enhancing the affinity towards -C-H orbitals, facilitating energetically favorable interactions. Entropic recovery driven by non-Covalent bonding offers a valuable tool in designing materials with unique functionalities, particularly self-healable batteries and energy storage devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samruddhi Gaikwad
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, 29634, SC
| | - Marek W Urban
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, 29634, SC
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4
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Li M, Tong L, Li X, Zou D, Xu S, Ye F, Wang K. Enhanced Intrinsic Self-Healing Performance of Mussel Inspired Coating via In-Situ Cation Capture. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2311658. [PMID: 38733228 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202311658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Under damp or aquatic conditions, the corrosion products deposited on micro-cracks/pore sites bring about the failure of intrinsically healable organic coatings. Inspired by mussels, a composite coating of poly (methyl methacrylate-co-butyl acylate-co-dopamine acrylamide)/phenylalanine-functionalized boron nitride (PMBD/BN-Phe) is successfully prepared on the reinforcing steel, which exhibits excellent anti-corrosion and underwater self-healing capabilities. The self-healing property of PMBD is derived from the synergistic effect of hydrogen bonding and metal-ligand coordination bonding, and thereby the continuous generation of corrosion products can be significantly suppressed through in situ capture of cations by the catechol group. Furthermore, the corrosion protection ability can be remarkably improved by the labyrinth effect of BN and the inhibition role of Phe, and the desired interfacial compatibility can be formed by the hydrogen bonds between BN-Phe and PMBD matrix. The corrosion current density (icorr) of PMBD/BN-Phe coating is determined as 7.95 × 10-11 A cm-2. The low-frequency impedance modulus (|Z|f = 0.0 1 Hz is remained at 3.47 × 109 Ω cm2, indicating an ultra-high self-healing efficiency (≈89.5%). It is anticipated to provide a unique strategy for development of an underwater self-healing coating and robust durability for application in anti-corrosion engineering of marine buildings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Li
- School of Metallurgical Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China
| | - Libo Tong
- School of Metallurgical Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacturing for Vehicle Body, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Xiangjun Li
- School of Metallurgical Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China
| | - Dening Zou
- School of Metallurgical Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China
| | - Shiwei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacturing for Vehicle Body, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Fangxia Ye
- The Key Laboratory for Surface Engineering and Remanufacturing of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an University, Xi'an, 710065, China
| | - Kuaishe Wang
- School of Metallurgical Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China
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5
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Liu J, Urban MW. Dynamic Interfaces in Self-Healable Polymers. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:7268-7285. [PMID: 38395626 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c03696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
It is well-established that interfaces play critical roles in biological and synthetic processes. Aside from significant practical applications, the most accessible and measurable quantity is interfacial tension, which represents a measure of the energy required to create or rejoin two surfaces. Owing to the fact that interfacial processes are critical in polymeric materials, this review outlines recent advances in dynamic interfacial processes involving physics and chemistry targeting self-healing. Entropic interfacial energies stored during damage participate in the recovery, and self-healing depends upon copolymer composition and monomer sequence, monomer molar ratios, molecular weight, and polymer dispersity. These properties ultimately impact chain flexibility, shape-memory recovery, and interfacial interactions. Self-healing is a localized process with global implications on mechanical and other properties. Selected examples driven by interfacial flow and shape memory effects are discussed in the context of covalent and supramolecular rebonding targeting self-healable materials development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
| | - Marek W Urban
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
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6
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Paez-Amieva Y, Martín-Martínez JM. Dynamic Non-Covalent Exchange Intrinsic Self-Healing at 20 °C Mechanism of Polyurethane Induced by Interactions among Polycarbonate Soft Segments. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:924. [PMID: 38611182 PMCID: PMC11013852 DOI: 10.3390/polym16070924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Two polyurethanes (PUs) were similarly synthesized by reacting a cycloaliphatic isocyanate with 1,4-butanediol and two polyols of different nature (polyester, polycarbonate diol) with molecular weights of 1000 Da. Only the PU synthesized with polycarbonate diol polyol (YCD) showed intrinsic self-healing at 20 °C. For assessing the mechanism of intrinsic self-healing of YCD, a structural characterization by molecular weights determination, infrared and X-ray photoelectronic spectroscopies, differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffraction, thermal gravimetric analysis, and dynamic mechanical thermal analysis was carried out. The experimental evidence concluded that the self-healing at 20 °C of YCD was due to dynamic non-covalent exchange interactions among the polycarbonate soft segments. Therefore, the chemical nature of the polyol played a key role in developing PUs with intrinsic self-healing at 20 °C.
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7
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Zhao Y, Wu H, Yin R, Matyjaszewski K, Bockstaller MR. The Importance of Bulk Viscoelastic Properties in "Self-Healing" of Acrylate-Based Copolymer Materials. ACS Macro Lett 2024; 13:1-7. [PMID: 38079594 PMCID: PMC10795469 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.3c00626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
"Self-healing" has emerged as a concept to increase the functional stability and durability of polymer materials in applications and thus to benefit the sustainability of polymer-based technologies. Recently, van der Waals (vdW)-driven "self-healing" of sequence-controlled acrylate-based copolymers due to "key-and-lock"- or "ring-and-lock"-type interactions has generated considerable interest as a viable route toward engineering polymers with "self-healing" ability. This contribution systematically evaluates the time, temperature, and composition dependence of the mechanical recovery of acrylate-based copolymer and homopolymer systems subject to cut-and-adhere testing. "Self-healing" in n-butyl acrylate/methyl methacrylate (BA/MMA)- or n-butyl acrylate/styrene (BA/Sty)-based copolymers with varying composition and sequence is found to correlate with the bulk viscoelastic properties of materials and to follow a similar trend as other tested acrylate-based homo- and copolymers. This suggests that "self-healing" in this class of materials is more related to the chain dynamics of bulk materials rather than composition- or sequence-dependent specific interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Zhao
- Department
of Materials Science & Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Hanshu Wu
- Department
of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Rongguan Yin
- Department
of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Krzysztof Matyjaszewski
- Department
of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Michael R. Bockstaller
- Department
of Materials Science & Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
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8
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Yin R, Zhao Y, Jeong J, Tarnsangpradit J, Liu T, An SY, Zhai Y, Hu X, Bockstaller MR, Matyjaszewski K. Composition-Orientation Induced Mechanical Synergy in Nanoparticle Brushes with Grafted Gradient Copolymers. Macromolecules 2023; 56:9626-9635. [PMID: 38105929 PMCID: PMC10720466 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.3c01799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Gradient poly(methyl methacrylate/n-butyl acrylate) copolymers, P(MMA/BA), with various compositional ratios, were grafted from surface-modified silica nanoparticles (SiO2-g-PMMA-grad-PBA) via complete conversion surface-initiated activator regenerated by electron transfer (SI-ARGET) atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). Miniemulsion as the reaction medium effectively confined the interparticle brush coupling within micellar compartments, preventing macroscopic gelation and enabling complete conversion. Isolation of dispersed and gelled fractions revealed dispersed particle brushes to feature a higher Young's modulus, toughness, and ultimate strain compared with those of the "gel" counterparts. Upon purification, brush nanoparticles from the dispersed phase formed uniform microstructures. Uniaxial tension testing revealed a "mechanical synergy" for copolymers with MMA/BA = 3:2 molar ratio to concurrently exhibit higher toughness and stiffness. When compared with linear analogues of similar composition, the brush nanoparticles with gradient copolymers had better mechanical properties, attributed to the synergistic effects of the combination of composition and propagation orientation, highlighting the significance of architectural design for tethered brush layers of such hybrid materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongguan Yin
- Department
of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Yuqi Zhao
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie
Mellon University, 5000
Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Jaepil Jeong
- Department
of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Jirameth Tarnsangpradit
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie
Mellon University, 5000
Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Tong Liu
- Department
of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - So Young An
- Department
of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Yue Zhai
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie
Mellon University, 5000
Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Xiaolei Hu
- Department
of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Michael R. Bockstaller
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie
Mellon University, 5000
Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Krzysztof Matyjaszewski
- Department
of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
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9
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Xiong H, Yue T, Wu Q, Zhang L, Xie Z, Liu J, Zhang L, Wu J. Self-healing bottlebrush polymer networks enabled via a side-chain interlocking design. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2023; 10:2128-2138. [PMID: 36946355 DOI: 10.1039/d3mh00274h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Exploring novel healing mechanisms is a constant impetus for the development of self-healing materials. Herein, we find that side-chain interlocking of bottlebrush polymers can form a dynamic network and thereby serve as a driving force for the self-healing process of the materials. Molecular dynamics simulation indicates that the interlocking is formed by the interpenetration between the long side chains of adjacent molecules and stabilized by van der Waals interactions and molecular entanglements of side chains. The interlocking can be tailored by changing the length and density of the side chains through atom transfer radical polymerization. As a result, the optimized bottlebrush polymer shows a healing efficiency of up to 100%. Unlike chemical interactions, side-chain interlocking eliminates the introduction of specific chemical groups. Therefore, bottlebrush polymers can even self-heal under harsh aqueous conditions, including acid and alkali solutions. Moreover, the highly dynamic side-chain interlocking enables bottlebrush polymers to efficiently dissipate vibration energy, and thus they can be used as damping materials. Collectively, side-chain interlocking expands the scope of physical interactions in self-healing materials and hews out a versatile way for polymers to accomplish self-healing capability in various environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University Chengdu 610065, P. R. China.
| | - Tongkui Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology Interdisciplinary Research Center for Artificial Intelligence, Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029, P. R. China.
| | - Qi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University Chengdu 610065, P. R. China.
| | - Linjun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University Chengdu 610065, P. R. China.
| | - Zhengtian Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University Chengdu 610065, P. R. China.
| | - Jun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology Interdisciplinary Research Center for Artificial Intelligence, Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029, P. R. China.
| | - Liqun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology Interdisciplinary Research Center for Artificial Intelligence, Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029, P. R. China.
| | - Jinrong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University Chengdu 610065, P. R. China.
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10
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Gaikwad S, Urban MW. Ring-and-Lock Interactions in Self-Healable Styrenic Copolymers. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:9693-9699. [PMID: 37068169 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c01199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
Commodity copolymers offer many useful applications, and their durability is critical in maintaining desired functions and retaining sustainability. These studies show that primarily alternating styrene/n-butyl acrylate [p(Sty/nBA)] copolymers self-heal without external intervention when monomer molar ratios are within the 45:55-53:47 range. This behavior is attributed to the favorable interchain interactions between aliphatic nBA side groups being sandwiched by aromatic rings forming ring-and-lock associations driven by pi-sigma-pi (π-σ-π) interactions. Guided by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations combined with spectroscopic and thermomechanical analysis, the ring-and-lock interchain van der Waals forces between π orbitals of aromatic rings and sigma components of aliphatic side groups are responsible for self-healing. Despite the frequent occurrence of these interactions in biological systems (proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and polysaccharides), these largely unexplored weak and ubiquitous molecular forces between the soft acid aliphatic and soft base aromatic electrons may be valuable assets in the development of polymeric materials with sustainable properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samruddhi Gaikwad
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
| | - Marek W Urban
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
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11
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Zhao Y, Yin R, Wu H, Wang Z, Zhai Y, Kim K, Do C, Matyjaszewski K, Bockstaller MR. Sequence-Enhanced Self-Healing in “Lock-and-Key” Copolymers. ACS Macro Lett 2023; 12:475-480. [PMID: 36971570 PMCID: PMC10116642 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.3c00055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Van der Waals-driven self-healing in copolymers with "lock-and-key" architecture has emerged as a concept to endow engineering-type polymers with the capacity to recover from structural damage. Complicating the realization of "lock-and-key"-enabled self-healing is the tendency of copolymers to form nonuniform sequence distributions during polymerization reactions. This limits favorable site interactions and renders the evaluation of van der Waals-driven healing difficult. Here, methods for the synthesis of lock-and-key copolymers with prescribed sequence were used to overcome this limitation and enable the deliberate synthesis of "lock-and-key" architectures most conducive to self-healing. The effect of molecular sequence on the material's recovery behavior was evaluated for the particular case of three poly(n-butyl acrylate/methyl methacrylate) [P(BA/MMA)] copolymers with similar molecular weights, dispersity, and overall composition but with different sequences: alternating (alt), statistical (stat), and gradient (grad). They were synthesized using atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). Copolymers with alt and stat sequence displayed a 10-fold increase of recovery rate compared to the grad copolymer variant despite a similar overall glass transition temperature. Investigation with small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) revealed that rapid property recovery is contingent on a uniform microstructure of copolymers in the solid state, thus avoiding the pinning of chains in glassy MMA-rich cluster regions. The results delineate strategies for the deliberate design and synthesis of engineering polymers that combine structural and thermal stability with the ability to recover from structural damage.
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12
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Lai H, Jin C, Park J, Ikura R, Takashima Y, Ouchi M. A Transformable and Bulky Methacrylate Monomer That Enables the Synthesis of an MMA-nBA Alternating Copolymer: Sequence-Dependent Self-Healing Properties. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202218597. [PMID: 36708216 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202218597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we designed a methacrylate molecule with an alkyl-substituted trichloro salicylic acid pendant as a transformable bulky monomer to enable the synthesis of an alternating copolymer of methyl methacrylate (MMA) and n-butyl acrylate (nBA). The adamantyl-substituted methacrylate monomer (1-Ad) showed very low homopolymerization propensity in radical polymerizations, but afforded the alternating copolymer with nBA via copolymerization. The 1-Ad units in the resultant copolymer were quantitatively and selectively transformed into MMA via transesterification with methanol to yield the alternating copolymer of MMA and nBA. Its alternating sequence was clearly demonstrated by a structural analysis via 13 C NMR spectroscopy as well as the low reactivity ratios for the 1-Ad and nBA pair. Finally, we verified the superior self-healing ability of the alternating copolymer compared to that of the corresponding 1 : 1 statistical copolymer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiwang Lai
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Changming Jin
- Department of Macromolecular Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
| | - Junsu Park
- Department of Macromolecular Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan.,Forefront Research Center, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
| | - Ryohei Ikura
- Department of Macromolecular Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan.,Forefront Research Center, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Takashima
- Department of Macromolecular Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan.,Forefront Research Center, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan.,Institute for Advanced Co-Creation Studies, Osaka University, 1-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.,Innovative Catalysis Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (OTRI), Osaka University, 1-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Makoto Ouchi
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
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Kang F, Yang Y, Wang W, Li Z. Self-healing polyester elastomer with tuning toughness and elasticity through intermolecular quadruple hydrogen bonding. Eur Polym J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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14
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Pan Z, Li L, Wang L, Luo G, Xu X, Jin F, Dong J, Niu Y, Sun L, Guo C, Zhang W, Wang Q, Wang H. Tailoring Poly(Styrene-co-maleic anhydride) Networks for All-Polymer Dielectrics Exhibiting Ultrahigh Energy Density and Charge-Discharge Efficiency at Elevated Temperatures. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2207580. [PMID: 36333878 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202207580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Polymer film capacitors have been widely used in electronics and electrical power systems due to their advantages of high power densities, fast charge-discharge speed, and great stability. However, the exponential increase of electrical conduction with temperature and applied electric field substantially degrades the capacitive performance of dielectric polymers at elevated temperatures. Here, the first example of controlling the energy level of charge traps in all-organic crosslinked polymers by tailoring molecular structures that significantly inhibit high-field high-temperature conduction loss, which largely differs from current approaches based on the introduction of inorganic fillers, is reported. The polymer network with optimized crosslinking structures exhibits an ultrahigh discharged energy density of 7.02 J cm-3 with charge/discharge efficiencies of >90% at 150 °C, far outperforming current dielectric polymers and composites. The charge-trapping effects in different crosslinked structures, as the origins of the marked improvements in the high-temperature capacitive performance, are comprehensively investigated experimentally and confirmed computationally. Moreover, excellent cyclability and self-healing features are demonstrated in the polymer film capacitors. This work offers a promising pathway of molecular structure design to scalable high-energy-density polymer dielectrics capable of operating under harsh environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zizhao Pan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Lina Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Computational Science and Material Design, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Guangfu Luo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Computational Science and Material Design, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Xinwei Xu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Fei Jin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Jiufeng Dong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Yujuan Niu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Liang Sun
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Chuanfei Guo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Wenqing Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Qing Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Computational Science and Material Design, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
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15
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Yin R, Zhao Y, Gorczyński A, Szczepaniak G, Sun M, Fu L, Kim K, Wu H, Bockstaller MR, Matyjaszewski K. Alternating Methyl Methacrylate/ n-Butyl Acrylate Copolymer Prepared by Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization. ACS Macro Lett 2022; 11:1217-1223. [PMID: 36194204 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.2c00517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Poly(methyl methacrylate/n-butyl acrylate) [P(MMA/BA)] copolymer with an alternating structure was synthesized via an activator regenerated by electron transfer (ARGET) atom transfer radical (co)polymerization (ATRP) of 2-ethylfenchyl methacrylate (EFMA) and n-butyl acrylate (BA) with subsequent postpolymerization modifications (PPM). Due to the steric hindrance of the bulky pendant group of EFMA, as well as the low reactivity ratio of BA in copolymerization with methacrylates, copolymerization of EFMA and BA generated a copolymer with a high content of alternating dyads. A subsequent PPM procedure of the alternating EFMA/BA copolymer was comprised of the hydrolysis of a tertiary ester by trifluoroacetic acid and methylation by (trimethylsilyl)diazomethane. After the modifications, the architecture of the obtained alternating MMA/BA copolymers was compared with gradient and statistical copolymers with overall similar compositions, molecular weights, and dispersities. 13C NMR indicated the absence of either MMA/MMA/MMA or BA/BA/BA sequences, in contrast to an abundance of homotriads in either the statistical or especially in the gradient copolymer. All three copolymers had similar glass transition temperatures, as measured by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), but the alternating copolymer had the narrowest range of glass transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongguan Yin
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Yuqi Zhao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Adam Gorczyński
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States.,Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Szczepaniak
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Mingkang Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Liye Fu
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Khidong Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Hanshu Wu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Michael R Bockstaller
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Krzysztof Matyjaszewski
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
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16
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Shi G, Geng X, Liu Y, Wu G. Nanophase Separation-Induced Anomalous Enthalpy Hysteresis in Poly( n-alkyl methacrylate)s. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gaopeng Shi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xiaoning Geng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yuanbiao Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Guozhang Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
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17
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Miwa Y, Udagawa T, Kutsumizu S. Repulsive segregation of fluoroalkyl side chains turns a cohesive polymer into a mechanically tough, ultrafast self-healable, nonsticky elastomer. Sci Rep 2022; 12:12009. [PMID: 35879386 PMCID: PMC9314360 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-16156-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Dynamic crosslinking of flexible polymer chains via attractive and reversible interactions is widely employed to obtain autonomously self-healable elastomers. However, this design leads to a trade-off relationship between the strength and self-healing speed of the material, i.e., strong crosslinks provide a mechanically strong elastomer with slow self-healing property. To address this issue, we report an "inversion" concept, in which attractive poly(ethyl acrylate-random-methyl acrylate) chains are dynamically crosslinked via repulsively segregated fluoroalkyl side chains attached along the main chain. The resulting elastomer self-heals rapidly (> 90% within 15 min) via weak but abundant van der Waals interactions among matrix polymers, while the dynamic crosslinking provides high fracture stress (≈2 MPa) and good toughness (≈17 MJ m-3). The elastomer has a nonsticky surface and selectively self-heals only at the damaged faces due to the surface segregation of the fluoroalkyl chains. Moreover, our elastomer strongly adheres to polytetrafluoroethylene plates (≈60 N cm-2) via hot pressing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Miwa
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan. .,PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Japan.
| | - Taro Udagawa
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Shoichi Kutsumizu
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
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18
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Tzoumani I, Soto Beobide A, Iatridi Z, Voyiatzis GA, Bokias G, Kallitsis JK. Glycidyl Methacrylate-Based Copolymers as Healing Agents of Waterborne Polyurethanes. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158118. [PMID: 35897694 PMCID: PMC9332020 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Self-healing materials and self-healing mechanisms are two topics that have attracted huge scientific interest in recent decades. Macromolecular chemistry can provide appropriately tailored functional polymers with desired healing properties. Herein, we report the incorporation of glycidyl methacrylate-based (GMA) copolymers in waterborne polyurethanes (WPUs) and the study of their potential healing ability. Two types of copolymers were synthesized, namely the hydrophobic P(BA-co-GMAy) copolymers of GMA with n-butyl acrylate (BA) and the amphiphilic copolymers P(PEGMA-co-GMAy) of GMA with a poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (PEGMA) macromonomer. We demonstrate that the blending of these types of copolymers with two WPUs leads to homogenous composites. While the addition of P(BA-co-GMAy) in the WPUs leads to amorphous materials, the addition of P(PEGMA-co-GMAy) copolymers leads to hybrid composite systems varying from amorphous to semi-crystalline, depending on copolymer or blend composition. The healing efficiency of these copolymers was explored upon application of two external triggers (addition of water or heating). Promising healing results were exhibited by the final composites when water was used as a healing trigger.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna Tzoumani
- Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, GR-26504 Patras, Greece; (I.T.); (A.S.B.); (G.B.); (J.K.K.)
| | - Amaia Soto Beobide
- Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, GR-26504 Patras, Greece; (I.T.); (A.S.B.); (G.B.); (J.K.K.)
- FORTH/ICE-HT, Stadiou Street, P.O. Box 1414, GR-26504 Patras, Greece;
| | - Zacharoula Iatridi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, GR-26504 Patras, Greece; (I.T.); (A.S.B.); (G.B.); (J.K.K.)
- Correspondence:
| | | | - Georgios Bokias
- Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, GR-26504 Patras, Greece; (I.T.); (A.S.B.); (G.B.); (J.K.K.)
| | - Joannis K. Kallitsis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, GR-26504 Patras, Greece; (I.T.); (A.S.B.); (G.B.); (J.K.K.)
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19
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Liu Q, Wang S, Zhao Z, Tong J, Urban MW. Electrically Accelerated Self-Healable Polyionic Liquid Copolymers. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2201952. [PMID: 35567327 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202201952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Electrically accelerated self-healable poly(ionic liquids) copolymers that exhibit resistor-capacitor (RC) circuit properties are developed. At low alternating current (AC) frequencies these materials behave as a resistor (R), whereas at higher frequencies as a capacitor (C). These properties are attributed to a combination of dipolar and electrostatic interactions in (1-[(2-methacryloyloxy)ethyl]-3-butylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethyl-sulfonyl)imide) copolymerized with methyl methacrylate (MMA) monomers to form p(MEBIm-TSFI/MMA)] copolymers. When the monomer molar ratio (MEBIm-TSFI:MMA) is 40/60, these copolymers are capable of undergoing multiple damage-repair cycles and self-healing is accelerated by the application of alternating 1.0-4.0 V electric field (EF). Self-healing in the absence of EFs is facilitated by van der Waals (vdW) interactions, but the application of AC EF induces back and forth movement of charges against the opposing force that result in dithering of electrostatic dipoles giving rise to interchain physical crosslinks. Electrostatic inter- and intrachain interactions facilitated by copolymerization of ionic liquid monomers with typically dielectric acrylic-based monomers result in enhanced cohesive energy densities that accelerate the recovery of vdW forces facilitating self-healing. Incorporating ionic liquids into commodity polymers offers promising uses as green conducting solid polyelectrolytes in self-healable energy storage, energy-harvesting devices, and many other applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianhui Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA
| | - Siyang Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA
| | - Zeyu Zhao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA
| | - Jianhua Tong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA
| | - Marek W Urban
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA
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20
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianhui Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Optical Materials Science and Technologies (COMSET), Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | - Marek W. Urban
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Optical Materials Science and Technologies (COMSET), Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
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21
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Wang C, Liu Y, Qu X, Shi B, Zheng Q, Lin X, Chao S, Wang C, Zhou J, Sun Y, Mao G, Li Z. Ultra-Stretchable and Fast Self-Healing Ionic Hydrogel in Cryogenic Environments for Artificial Nerve Fiber. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2105416. [PMID: 35103354 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202105416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Self-healing materials behave with irreplaceable advantages in biomimetic intelligent robots (BIR) for avoiding or reducing safety hazards and economic losses from accidental damage during service. However, the self-healing ability is unreservedly lost and even becomes rigid and fragile in the cryogenic environment where BIR are precisely needed. Here, the authors report a versatile ionic hydrogel with fast self-healing ability, ultra-stretchability, and stable conductivity, even at -80 °C. The hydrogel is systematically optimized to improve a hydrogen-bonded network nanostructure, coordinated achieving a quick self-healing ability within 10 min, large deformation tolerance of over 7000%, superior conductivity of 11.76 S cm-1 and anti-freezing ability, which is difficult to obtain simultaneously. Such a hydrogel provides new opportunities for artificial electronic devices in harsh environments. As a prospective application, they fabricate an artificial nerve fiber by mimicking the structure and functions of the myelinated axon, exhibiting the property of fast and potential-gated signal transmission. This artificial nerve fiber is integrated into a robot for demonstrating a real-time high fidelity and high throughput information interaction under big deformation and cryogenic temperature. The hydrogel and bionic device will bring pioneering functions for robots and open a broad application scenario in extreme conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan Wang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101400, China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101400, China
| | - Ying Liu
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101400, China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101400, China
| | - Xuecheng Qu
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101400, China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101400, China
| | - Bojing Shi
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101400, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Qiang Zheng
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101400, China
- School of Biology and Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Xubo Lin
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Shengyu Chao
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101400, China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101400, China
| | - Changyong Wang
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Jin Zhou
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Yu Sun
- Department of Neurovascular Surgery, The Third Medical Centre Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, 100036, China
| | - Gengsheng Mao
- Department of Neurovascular Surgery, The Third Medical Centre Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, 100036, China
| | - Zhou Li
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101400, China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101400, China
- Center on Nanoenergy Research, School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
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22
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Zhang C, Lu X, Wang Z, Xia H. Progress in Utilizing Dynamic Bonds to Fabricate Structurally Adaptive Self-Healing, Shape Memory, and Liquid Crystal Polymers. Macromol Rapid Commun 2021; 43:e2100768. [PMID: 34964192 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202100768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Stimuli-responsive structurally dynamic polymers are capable of mimicking the biological systems to adapt themselves to the surrounding environmental changes and subsequently exhibiting a wide range of responses ranging from self-healing to complex shape-morphing. Dynamic self-healing polymers (SHPs), shape-memory polymers (SMPs) and liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs), which are three representative examples of stimuli-responsive structurally dynamic polymers, have been attracting broad and growing interest in recent years because of their potential applications in the fields of electronic skin, sensors, soft robots, artificial muscles, and so on. We review recent advances and challenges in the developments towards dynamic SHPs, SMPs and LCEs, focusing on the chemistry strategies and the dynamic reaction mechanisms that enhance the performances of the materials including self-healing, reprocessing and reprogramming. We compare and discuss the different dynamic chemistries and their mechanisms on the enhanced functions of the materials, where three summary tables are presented: a library of dynamic bonds and the resulting characteristics of the materials. Finally, we provide a critical outline of the unresolved issues and future perspectives on the emerging developments. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Xili Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Zhanhua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Hesheng Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
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23
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Miglani C, Joseph JP, Gupta D, Singh A, Pal A. Modulation of flexo-rigid balance in photoresponsive thymine grafted copolymers towards designing smart healable coating. RSC Adv 2021; 11:39376-39386. [PMID: 35492467 PMCID: PMC9044496 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra07425c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Efficacy and durability of the photovoltaic device mandates its protection against hot, humid weather condition, high energy of UV light and unwanted scratches. Such challenges can be mitigated by smart polymeric coating with inherent properties e.g. hydrophobicity to prevent moisture, optimal viscocity for better processibility and crack-healing. The hydrophobic polymers TP1–TP4 containing pendant photo-crosslinkable thymine moieties are designed that undergo [2 + 2] photocycloaddition upon UVB irradiation and can be dynamically reverted back upon irradiation with UVC light. A judicious control of solvent environment, chain length, functionality% and concentration of the polymers regulate the aspects of photodimerization thereby, rendering intra or inter-chain collapse to form diverse nanostructures. Photodimerization of the thymine moieties renders coil to globule transformation in dilute condition whereas irradiation performed at high macromolecular concentration regime exhibits higher order nanostructures. The photoresponsive chain collapse leads to the formation of rigid crosslinked domains within flexible polymer chains akin to the hard–soft phases of thermoplastic elastomers. Such rigidification of the crosslinked segments endows a tool to photomodulate the glass transition temperature (Tg) that can dynamically revert back upon decrosslinking. Further, the structural modulation of the polymers is explored towards autonomic and nonautonomic self-healing behaviour at ambient conditions. Moreover, the self-healing efficacy can be tuned with the film thickness and it remains unaltered upon using solar simulator or direct sunlight. Overall, such hydrophobic low Tg polymers display photo-regulated self-healing mechanism consisting of both autonomic and non-autonomic self-healing and may find applications in designing smart protective coatings for photovoltaic devices. Photo-crosslinking using [2 + 2] cycloaddition in thymine grafted low viscosity polymer generates flexorigid domain to result self-healing polymer with increased hydrophobicity for potential use as smart coating material.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Chirag Miglani
- Chemical Biology Unit, Institute of Nano Science and Technology Sector 81 Mohali Punjab-140306 India
| | - Jojo P Joseph
- Chemical Biology Unit, Institute of Nano Science and Technology Sector 81 Mohali Punjab-140306 India
| | - Deepika Gupta
- Chemical Biology Unit, Institute of Nano Science and Technology Sector 81 Mohali Punjab-140306 India
| | - Ashmeet Singh
- Chemical Biology Unit, Institute of Nano Science and Technology Sector 81 Mohali Punjab-140306 India
| | - Asish Pal
- Chemical Biology Unit, Institute of Nano Science and Technology Sector 81 Mohali Punjab-140306 India
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24
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Han W, Yin M, Zhang W, Liu Z, Wang N, Yong KT, An Q. Acid-Resistance and Self-Repairing Supramolecular Nanoparticle Membranes via Hydrogen-Bonding for Sustainable Molecules Separation. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:e2102594. [PMID: 34664794 PMCID: PMC8655207 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202102594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Functional membranes generally wear out when applying in harsh conditions such as a strong acidic environment. In this work, high acid-resistance, long-lasting, and low-cost functional membranes are prepared from engineered hydrogen-bonding and pH-responsive supramolecular nanoparticle materials. As a proof of concept, the prepared membranes for dehydration of alcohols are utilized. The synthesized membranes have achieved a separation factor of 3000 when changing the feed solution pH from 7 to 1. No previous reports have demonstrated such unprecedentedly high-record separation performance (pervaporation separation index is around 1.1 × 107 g m-2 h-1 ). More importantly, the engineered smart membrane possesses fast self-repairing ability (48 h) that is inherited from the dynamic hydrogen bonds between the hydroxyl groups of polyacrylic acid and carbonyl groups of polyvinylpyrrolidone. To this end, the designed supramolecular materials offer the membrane community a new material type for preparing high acid resistance and long-lasting membranes for harsh environmental cleaning applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Han
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Green Catalysis and SeparationDepartment of Environmental and Chemical EngineeringBeijing University of TechnologyBeijing100124China
| | - Ming‐Jie Yin
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Green Catalysis and SeparationDepartment of Environmental and Chemical EngineeringBeijing University of TechnologyBeijing100124China
| | - Wen‐Hai Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Green Catalysis and SeparationDepartment of Environmental and Chemical EngineeringBeijing University of TechnologyBeijing100124China
| | - Zhi‐Jie Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Green Catalysis and SeparationDepartment of Environmental and Chemical EngineeringBeijing University of TechnologyBeijing100124China
| | - Naixin Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Green Catalysis and SeparationDepartment of Environmental and Chemical EngineeringBeijing University of TechnologyBeijing100124China
| | - Ken Tye Yong
- The University of Sydney Nano InstituteThe University of SydneySydneyNew South Wales2006Australia
- School of Biomedical EngineeringThe University of SydneySydneyNew South Wales2006Australia
| | - Quan‐Fu An
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Green Catalysis and SeparationDepartment of Environmental and Chemical EngineeringBeijing University of TechnologyBeijing100124China
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Tolvanen J, Nelo M, Hannu J, Juuti J, Jantunen H. All-Around Universal and Photoelastic Self-Healing Elastomer with High Toughness and Resilience. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:e2103235. [PMID: 34664423 PMCID: PMC8693070 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202103235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Ultimately soft electronics seek affordable and high mechanical performance universal self-healing materials that can autonomously heal in harsh environments within short times scales. As of now, such features are not found in a single material. Herein, interpenetrated elastomer network with bimodal chain length distribution showing rapid autonomous healing in universal conditions (<7200 s) with high efficiency (up to 97.6 ± 4.8%) is reported. The bimodal elastomer displays strain-induced photoelastic effect and reinforcement which is responsible for its remarkable mechanical robustness (≈5.5 MPa stress at break and toughness ≈30 MJ m-3 ). The entropy-driven elasticity allows an unprecedented shape recovery efficiency (100%) even after fracturing and 100% resiliency up to its stretching limit (≈2000% strain). The elastomers can be mechanically conditioned leading to a state where they recover their shape extremely quickly after removal of stress (nearly order of magnitude faster than pristine elastomers). As a proof of concept, universal self-healing mechanochromic strain sensor is developed capable of operating in various environmental conditions and of changing its photonic band gap under mechanical stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarkko Tolvanen
- Microelectronics Research UnitFaculty of Information Technology and Electrical EngineeringUniversity of OuluP.O. Box 4500OuluFIN‐90014Finland
| | - Mikko Nelo
- Microelectronics Research UnitFaculty of Information Technology and Electrical EngineeringUniversity of OuluP.O. Box 4500OuluFIN‐90014Finland
| | - Jari Hannu
- Microelectronics Research UnitFaculty of Information Technology and Electrical EngineeringUniversity of OuluP.O. Box 4500OuluFIN‐90014Finland
| | - Jari Juuti
- Microelectronics Research UnitFaculty of Information Technology and Electrical EngineeringUniversity of OuluP.O. Box 4500OuluFIN‐90014Finland
| | - Heli Jantunen
- Microelectronics Research UnitFaculty of Information Technology and Electrical EngineeringUniversity of OuluP.O. Box 4500OuluFIN‐90014Finland
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Wang S, Urban MW. Basic physicochemical processes governing self‐healable polymers
†. POLYM INT 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.6321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Siyang Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Clemson University Clemson SC USA
| | - Marek W. Urban
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Clemson University Clemson SC USA
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He C, Liang F, Veeramuthu L, Cho C, Benas J, Tzeng Y, Tseng Y, Chen W, Rwei A, Kuo C. Super Tough and Spontaneous Water-Assisted Autonomous Self-Healing Elastomer for Underwater Wearable Electronics. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:e2102275. [PMID: 34519441 PMCID: PMC8564429 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202102275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Self-healing soft electronic material composition is crucial to sustain the device long-term durability. The fabrication of self-healing soft electronics exposed to high moisture environment is a significant challenge that has yet to be fully achieved. This paper presents the novel concept of a water-assisted room-temperature autonomous self-healing mechanism based on synergistically dynamic covalent Schiff-based imine bonds with hydrogen bonds. The supramolecular water-assisted self-healing polymer (WASHP) films possess rapid self-healing kinetic behavior and high stretchability due to a reversible dissociation-association process. In comparison with the pristine room-temperature self-healing polymer, the WASHP demonstrates favorable mechanical performance at room temperature and a short self-healing time of 1 h; furthermore, it achieves a tensile strain of 9050%, self-healing efficiency of 95%, and toughness of 144.2 MJ m-3 . As a proof of concept, a versatile WASHP-based light-emitting touch-responsive device (WASHP-LETD) and perovskite quantum dot (PeQD)-based white LED backlight are designed. The WASHP-LETD has favorable mechanical deformation performance under pressure, bending, and strain, whereas the WASHP-PeQDs exhibit outstanding long-term stability even over a period exceeding one year in a boiling water environment. This paper provides a mechanically robust approach for producing eco-friendly, economical, and waterproof e-skin device components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyuan‐Lun He
- Institute of Organic and Polymeric MaterialsResearch and Development Center of Smart Textile TechnologyNational Taipei University of TechnologyNo. 1, Sec. 3, Chung‐Hsiao East RoadTaipei10608Taiwan
| | - Fang‐Cheng Liang
- Institute of Organic and Polymeric MaterialsResearch and Development Center of Smart Textile TechnologyNational Taipei University of TechnologyNo. 1, Sec. 3, Chung‐Hsiao East RoadTaipei10608Taiwan
| | - Loganathan Veeramuthu
- Institute of Organic and Polymeric MaterialsResearch and Development Center of Smart Textile TechnologyNational Taipei University of TechnologyNo. 1, Sec. 3, Chung‐Hsiao East RoadTaipei10608Taiwan
| | - Chia‐Jung Cho
- Institute of Organic and Polymeric MaterialsResearch and Development Center of Smart Textile TechnologyNational Taipei University of TechnologyNo. 1, Sec. 3, Chung‐Hsiao East RoadTaipei10608Taiwan
| | - Jean‐Sebastien Benas
- Institute of Organic and Polymeric MaterialsResearch and Development Center of Smart Textile TechnologyNational Taipei University of TechnologyNo. 1, Sec. 3, Chung‐Hsiao East RoadTaipei10608Taiwan
| | - Yung‐Ru Tzeng
- Institute of Organic and Polymeric MaterialsResearch and Development Center of Smart Textile TechnologyNational Taipei University of TechnologyNo. 1, Sec. 3, Chung‐Hsiao East RoadTaipei10608Taiwan
| | - Yen‐Lin Tseng
- Institute of Organic and Polymeric MaterialsResearch and Development Center of Smart Textile TechnologyNational Taipei University of TechnologyNo. 1, Sec. 3, Chung‐Hsiao East RoadTaipei10608Taiwan
| | - Wei‐Cheng Chen
- Institute of Organic and Polymeric MaterialsResearch and Development Center of Smart Textile TechnologyNational Taipei University of TechnologyNo. 1, Sec. 3, Chung‐Hsiao East RoadTaipei10608Taiwan
| | - Alina Rwei
- Department of Chemical EngineeringDelft University of TechnologyDelft2629 HZNetherlands
| | - Chi‐Ching Kuo
- Institute of Organic and Polymeric MaterialsResearch and Development Center of Smart Textile TechnologyNational Taipei University of TechnologyNo. 1, Sec. 3, Chung‐Hsiao East RoadTaipei10608Taiwan
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Wen N, Song T, Ji Z, Jiang D, Wu Z, Wang Y, Guo Z. Recent advancements in self-healing materials: Mechanicals, performances and features. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2021.105041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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29
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Shen Z, Ye H, Wang Q, Kröger M, Li Y. Sticky Rouse Time Features the Self-Adhesion of Supramolecular Polymer Networks. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c00335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Shen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs 06269, Connecticut, United States
| | - Huilin Ye
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs 06269, Connecticut, United States
| | - Qiming Wang
- Sonny Astani Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Martin Kröger
- Department of Materials, Polymer Physics, ETH Zürich, Zurich CH-8093, Switzerland
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Polymer Program, Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs 06269, Connecticut, United States
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Strategic conceptualization and potential of self-healing polymers in biomedical field. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 125:112099. [PMID: 33965109 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.112099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Smart polymeric materials and hydrogels derived from acrylate, epoxy resins, etc. mimic the healing ability of natural organisms and biological cells by showing shape memory and tissue regenerative properties wherein, the healing ability in some of the materials is triggered by external stimuli like temperature, pH and light. This article provides an overview of various conceptual strategies and chemical and mechanical interactions involved in the different types of biomimetic self-healing materials to regain the deformed structure by repairing the cracked shape which play important role in contributing to the structural properties and functional recovery. Also, different chemical bonding like π-π interaction, ligand-metal, hydrogen bonding, etc. takes place at the molecular level for replenishing the damaged structure with greater bond strength. The regeneration ability of artificial self-healing polymeric materials not only shows use in material sciences, engineering but also exhibits a wide range of applications in site-specific drug delivery, skin grafting, implantation, dentistry and bone and tissue regeneration to restore injured surfaces with better biocompatibility, healing efficiency and higher tensile strength to serve as a next-generation material for amplifying the use in biomedical field.
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