1
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Wang D, Ding J, Ma Y, Xu C, Li Z, Zhang X, Zhao Y, Zhao Y, Di Y, Liu L, Dai X, Zou Y, Kim B, Zhang F, Liu Z, McCulloch I, Lee M, Chang C, Yang X, Wang D, Zhang D, Zhao LD, Di CA, Zhu D. Multi-heterojunctioned plastics with high thermoelectric figure of merit. Nature 2024:10.1038/s41586-024-07724-2. [PMID: 39048826 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07724-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Conjugated polymers promise inherently flexible and low-cost thermoelectrics for powering the Internet of Things from waste heat1,2. Their valuable applications, however, have been hitherto hindered by the low dimensionless figure of merit (ZT)3-6. Here we report high-ZT thermoelectric plastics, which were achieved by creating a polymeric multi-heterojunction with periodic dual-heterojunction features, where each period is composed of two polymers with a sub-ten-nanometre layered heterojunction structure and an interpenetrating bulk-heterojunction interface. This geometry produces significantly enhanced interfacial phonon-like scattering while maintaining efficient charge transport. We observed a significant suppression of thermal conductivity by over 60 per cent and an enhanced power factor when compared with individual polymers, resulting in a ZT of up to 1.28 at 368 kelvin. This polymeric thermoelectric performance surpasses that of commercial thermoelectric materials and existing flexible thermoelectric candidates. Importantly, we demonstrated the compatibility of the polymeric multi-heterojunction structure with solution coating techniques for satisfying the demand for large-area plastic thermoelectrics, which paves the way for polymeric multi-heterojunctions towards cost-effective wearable thermoelectric technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyang Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiamin Ding
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yingqiao Ma
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chunlin Xu
- Laboratory of Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiyi Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yao Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuqiu Di
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liyao Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojuan Dai
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ye Zou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - BongSoo Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Fengjiao Zhang
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zitong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Iain McCulloch
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Myeongjae Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheng Chang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Yang
- Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Laboratory of Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Deqing Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Dong Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China.
- Tianmushan Laboratory, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Chong-An Di
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Daoben Zhu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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2
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Zhang H, Liu Y, Ran G, Li H, Zhang W, Cheng P, Bo Z. Sequentially Processed Bulk-Heterojunction-Buried Structure for Efficient Organic Solar Cells with 500 nm Thickness. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2400521. [PMID: 38477468 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202400521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Large-area printing fabrication is a distinctive feature of organic solar cells (OSCs). However, the advance of upscalable fabrication is challenged by the thickness of organic active layers considering the importance of both exciton dissociation and charge collection. In this work, a bulk-heterojunction-buried (buried-BHJ) structure is introduced by sequential deposition to realize efficient exciton dissociation and charge collection, thereby contributing to efficient OSCs with 500 nm thick active layers. The buried-BHJ distributes donor and acceptor phases in the vertical direction as charge transport channels, while numerous BHJ interfaces are buried in each phase to facilitate exciton dissociation simultaneously. It is found that buried-BHJ configurations possess efficient exciton dissociation and rapid charge transport, resulting in reduced recombination losses. In comparison with traditional structures, the buried-BHJ structure displays a decent tolerance to film thickness. In particular, a power conversion efficiency of 16.0% is achieved with active layers at a thickness of 500 nm. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this represents the champion efficiency of thick film OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huarui Zhang
- College of Textiles and Clothing, State Key Laboratory of Bio-fibers and Eco-textiles, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Yuqiang Liu
- College of Textiles and Clothing, State Key Laboratory of Bio-fibers and Eco-textiles, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Guangliu Ran
- Department of Physics and Applied Optics Beijing Area Major Laboratory, Center for Advanced Quantum Studies, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Hongxiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Wenkai Zhang
- Department of Physics and Applied Optics Beijing Area Major Laboratory, Center for Advanced Quantum Studies, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Pei Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Zhishan Bo
- College of Textiles and Clothing, State Key Laboratory of Bio-fibers and Eco-textiles, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
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3
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Chen X, Li Y, Jing W, Zhou T, Xu X, Duan Y, Yu L, Li R, Peng Q. Layer-by-Layer Organic Solar Cells Enabled by 1,3,4-Selenadiazole-Containing Crystalline Small Molecule with Double-Fibril Network Morphology. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202402831. [PMID: 38532290 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202402831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
A double-fibril network of the photoactive layer morphology is recognized as an ideal structure facilitating exciton diffusion and charge carrier transport for high-performance organic solar cells (OSCs). However, in the layer-by-layer processed OSCs (LbL-OSCs), polymer donors and small molecule acceptors (SMAs) are separately deposited, and it is challenging to realize a fibril network of pure SMAs with the absence of tight interchain entanglement as polymers. In this work, crystalline small molecule donors (SMDs), named TDZ-3TR and SeDZ-3TR, were designed and introduced into the L8-BO acceptor solution, forcing the phase separation and molecular fibrilization. SeDZ-3TR showed higher crystallinity and lower miscibility with L8-BO acceptor than TDZ-3TR, enabling more driving force to favor the phase separation and better molecular fibrilization of L8-BO. On the other hand, two donor polymers of PM6 and D18 with different fibril widths and lengths were put together to optimize the fibril network of the donor layer. The simultaneously optimization of the acceptor and donor layers resulted in a more ideal double-fibril network of the photoactive layer and an impressive power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 19.38 % in LbL-OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuyang Chen
- School of Chemical Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Yinfeng Li
- School of Chemical Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Wenwen Jing
- School of Chemical Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Tao Zhou
- School of Chemical Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Xiaopeng Xu
- School of Chemical Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Yuwei Duan
- College of Materials and Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, 610059, P. R. China
| | - Liyang Yu
- School of Chemical Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Ruipeng Li
- National Synchrotron Light Source II Brookhaven National Lab, Suffolk, Upton, NY-11973, USA
| | - Qiang Peng
- School of Chemical Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
- College of Materials and Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, 610059, P. R. China
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Lai S, Cui Y, Chen Z, Xia X, Zhu P, Shan S, Hu L, Lu X, Zhu H, Liao X, Chen Y. Impact of Electrostatic Interaction on Vertical Morphology and Energy Loss in Efficient Pseudo-Planar Heterojunction Organic Solar Cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2313105. [PMID: 38279607 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202313105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Although a suitable vertical phase separation (VPS) morphology is essential for improving charge transport efficiency, reducing charge recombination, and ultimately boosting the efficiency of organic solar cells (OSCs), there is a lack of theoretical guidance on how to achieve the ideal morphology. Herein, a relationship between the molecular structure and the VPS morphology of pseudo-planar heterojunction (PPHJ) OSCs is established by using molecular surface electrostatic potential (ESP) as a bridge. The morphological evolution mechanism is revealed by studying four binary systems with vary electrostatic potential difference (∆ESP) between donors (Ds) and acceptors (As). The findings manifest that as ∆ESP increases, the active layer is more likely to form a well-mixed phase, while a smaller ∆ESP favors VPS morphology. Interestingly, it is also observed that a larger ∆ESP leads to enhanced miscibility between Ds and As, resulting in higher non-radiative energy losses (ΔE3). Based on these discoveries, a ternary PPHJ device is meticulously designed with an appropriate ∆ESP to obtain better VPS morphology and lower ΔE3, and an impressive efficiency of 19.09% is achieved. This work demonstrates that by optimizing the ΔESP, not only the formation of VPS morphology can be controlled, but also energy losses can be reduced, paving the way to further boost OSC performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiting Lai
- Key Laboratory of Fluorine and Silicon for Energy Materials and Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Avenue, Nanchang, 330022, China
| | - Yongjie Cui
- Key Laboratory of Fluorine and Silicon for Energy Materials and Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Avenue, Nanchang, 330022, China
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials & College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Road, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Zeng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation Key Laboratory of Excited State Materials of Zhejiang Province Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310027, China
| | - Xinxin Xia
- Department of Physics Chinese University of Hong Kong New Territories, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Peipei Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Fluorine and Silicon for Energy Materials and Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Avenue, Nanchang, 330022, China
| | - Shiyu Shan
- Key Laboratory of Fluorine and Silicon for Energy Materials and Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Avenue, Nanchang, 330022, China
| | - Lin Hu
- China-Australia Institute for Advanced Materials and Manufacturing (IAMM), Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314001, China
| | - Xinhui Lu
- Department of Physics Chinese University of Hong Kong New Territories, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Haiming Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation Key Laboratory of Excited State Materials of Zhejiang Province Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310027, China
| | - Xunfan Liao
- Key Laboratory of Fluorine and Silicon for Energy Materials and Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Avenue, Nanchang, 330022, China
| | - Yiwang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Fluorine and Silicon for Energy Materials and Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Avenue, Nanchang, 330022, China
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5
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Fu Z, Qiao JW, Cui FZ, Zhang WQ, Wang LH, Lu P, Yin H, Du XY, Qin W, Hao XT. π-π Stacking Modulation via Polymer Adsorption for Elongated Exciton Diffusion in High-Efficiency Thick-Film Organic Solar Cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2313532. [PMID: 38386402 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202313532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Developing efficient organic solar cells (OSCs) with thick active layers is crucial for roll-to-roll printing. However, thicker layers often result in lower efficiency. This study tackles this challenge using a polymer adsorption strategy combined with a layer-by-layer approach. Incorporating insulator polystyrene (PS) into the PM6:L8-BO system creates PM6+PS:L8-BO blends, effectively suppressing trap states and extending exciton diffusion length in the mixed donor domain. Adding insulating polymers with benzene rings to the donor enhances π-π stacking of donors, boosting intermolecular interactions and electron wave function overlap. This results in more orderly molecular stacking, longer exciton lifetimes, and higher diffusion lengths. The promoted long-range exciton diffusion leads to high power conversion efficiencies of 19.05% and 18.15% for PM6+PS:L8-BO blend films with 100 and 300 nm thickness, respectively, as well as a respectable 16.00% for 500 nm. These insights guide material selection for better exciton diffusion, and offer a method for thick-film OSC fabrication, promoting a prosperous future for practical OSC mass production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Fu
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Jia-Wei Qiao
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Feng-Zhe Cui
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Qing Zhang
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Ling-Hua Wang
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Peng Lu
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, P. R. China
- School of Physics, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Physics Education, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Hang Yin
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Yan Du
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Wei Qin
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Tao Hao
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, P. R. China
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
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6
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Yang G, Zhang D, Wang R, Wu M, Yu J. Flexible Broadband Organic Photodetectors with Ternary Planar-Mixed Heterojunction Semiconductors and Solution-Processed Polymeric Electrode. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024. [PMID: 38659248 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c18894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Flexible organic photodetectors (OPDs) hold immense promise in health monitoring sensors, flexible imaging sensors, and portable optical communication. Nevertheless, the actualization of high-performance flexible electronics has been hindered by rigid electrodes such as metals or metal oxides. In this work, we constructed a flexible broadband organic photodetector using a solution-processed polymeric electrode, which exhibits flexibility surpassing that of conventional indium tin oxide (ITO) electrodes. Additionally, we employed a planar-mixed heterojunction (PMHJ) through a sequential deposition method and introduced PC71BM as the third constituent into the PM6/Y6 binary active layer, resulting in enhanced photodetection performance and a broadend spectral range. The optimized OPDs demonstrated remarkable detectivity (D*) exceeding 1012 Jones in brodband from 300 to 900 nm, with a champion D* of 6.31 × 1012 Jones at 790 nm. Furthermore, after undergoing 500 cycles of bending, the D* retained approximately 78% of its original performance, highlighting the outstanding mechanical stability. This work presents a promising pathway toward the development of flexible broadband OPDs using a straightforward method, offering enhanced compatibility in diverse application scenarios and propelling the frontier of flexible optoelectronic research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genjie Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu 610054, People's Republic of China
| | - Dayong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu 610054, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu 610054, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengge Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu 610054, People's Republic of China
| | - Junsheng Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu 610054, People's Republic of China
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Jin J, Wang Q, Shen W, Belfiore LA, Tang J. High-Efficiency Ternary Polymer Solar Cells with a Gradient-Blended Structure Fabricated by Sequential Deposition. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024. [PMID: 38501443 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c00411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Acquiring the ideal blend morphology of the active layer to optimize charge separation and collection is a constant goal of polymer solar cells (PSCs). In this paper, the ternary strategy and the sequential deposition process were combined to make sufficient use of the solar spectrum, optimize the energy-level structure, regulate the vertical phase separation morphology, and ultimately enhance the power conversion efficiency (PCE) and stability of the PSCs. Specifically, the donor and acceptor illustrated a gradient-blended distribution in the sequential deposition-processed films, thus resulting in facilitated carrier characteristics in the gradient-blended devices. Consequently, the PSCs based on D18-Cl/Y6:ZY-4Cl have achieved a device efficiency of over 18% with the synergetic improvement of open-circuit voltage (VOC), short-circuit current density (JSC), and fill factor (FF). Therefore, this work reveals a facile approach to fabricating PSCs with improved performance and stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianghao Jin
- Institute of Hybrid Materials, National Center of International Joint Research for Hybrid Materials Technology, National Base of International Science & Technology Cooperation on Hybrid Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Qiao Wang
- Institute of Hybrid Materials, National Center of International Joint Research for Hybrid Materials Technology, National Base of International Science & Technology Cooperation on Hybrid Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Wenfei Shen
- Institute of Hybrid Materials, National Center of International Joint Research for Hybrid Materials Technology, National Base of International Science & Technology Cooperation on Hybrid Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Laurence A Belfiore
- Institute of Hybrid Materials, National Center of International Joint Research for Hybrid Materials Technology, National Base of International Science & Technology Cooperation on Hybrid Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Jianguo Tang
- Institute of Hybrid Materials, National Center of International Joint Research for Hybrid Materials Technology, National Base of International Science & Technology Cooperation on Hybrid Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, China
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8
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Zhou H, Liu C, Liu S, Zhang Z, Sun S, Xu W, Ma X, Wang J, Xu Y, Du X, Jeong SY, Woo HY, Zhang F, Sun Q. PC 71BM as Morphology Regulator for Highly Efficient Ternary Organic Solar Cells with Bulk Heterojunction or Layer-by-Layer Configuration. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2308216. [PMID: 37946696 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202308216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
The ternary strategy is one of the effective methods to regulate the morphology of the active layer in organic solar cells (OSCs). In this work, the ternary OSCs with bulk heterojunction (BHJ) or layer-by-layer (LbL) active layers are prepared by using the polymer donor PM6 and the non-fullerene acceptor L8-BO as the main system and the fullerene acceptor PC71BM as the third component. The power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of BHJ OSCs and LbL OSCs are increased from 17.10% to 18.02% and from 17.20% to 18.20% by introducing PC71BM into the binary active layer, respectively. The in situ UV-vis absorption spectra indicate that the molecular aggregation and crystallization process can be prolonged by introducing PC71BM into the PM6:L8-BO or PM6/L8-BO active layer. The molecular orientation and molecular crystallinity in the active layer are optimized by introducing the PC71BM into the binary BHJ or LbL active layers, which can be confirmed by the experimental results of grazing incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering. This study demonstrates that the third component PC71BM can be used as a morphology regulator to regulate the morphology of BHJ or LbL active layers, thus effectively improving the performance of BHJ and LbL OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Zhou
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Light Manipulations and Applications in Universities of Shandong, School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Optical Information, Ministry of Education, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100044, P. R. China
| | - Chunxiang Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Light Manipulations and Applications in Universities of Shandong, School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, P. R. China
| | - Shaofei Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Light Manipulations and Applications in Universities of Shandong, School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, P. R. China
| | - Zijian Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Light Manipulations and Applications in Universities of Shandong, School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, P. R. China
| | - Shixiu Sun
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Light Manipulations and Applications in Universities of Shandong, School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, P. R. China
| | - Wenjing Xu
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Optical Information, Ministry of Education, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100044, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoling Ma
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Optical Information, Ministry of Education, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100044, P. R. China
| | - Jian Wang
- College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Taishan University, Taian, Shandong, 271021, P. R. China
| | - Yujie Xu
- School of Physics State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Du
- School of Physics State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Sang Young Jeong
- Organic Optoelectronic Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Young Woo
- Organic Optoelectronic Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Fujun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Optical Information, Ministry of Education, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100044, P. R. China
| | - Qianqian Sun
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Light Manipulations and Applications in Universities of Shandong, School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, P. R. China
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9
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Zhang KN, Du XY, Yan L, Pu YJ, Tajima K, Wang X, Hao XT. Organic Photovoltaic Stability: Understanding the Role of Engineering Exciton and Charge Carrier Dynamics from Recent Progress. SMALL METHODS 2024; 8:e2300397. [PMID: 37204077 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202300397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Benefiting from the synergistic development of material design, device engineering, and the mechanistic understanding of device physics, the certified power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of single-junction non-fullerene organic solar cells (OSCs) have already reached a very high value of exceeding 19%. However, in addition to PCEs, the poor stability is now a challenging obstacle for commercial applications of organic photovoltaics (OPVs). Herein, recent progress made in exploring operational mechanisms, anomalous photoelectric behaviors, and improving long-term stability in non-fullerene OSCs are highlighted from a novel and previously largely undiscussed perspective of engineering exciton and charge carrier pathways. Considering the intrinsic connection among multiple temporal-scale photocarrier dynamics, multi-length scale morphologies, and photovoltaic performance in OPVs, this review delineates and establishes a comprehensive and in-depth property-function relationship for evaluating the actual device stability. Moreover, this review has also provided some valuable photophysical insights into employing the advanced characterization techniques such as transient absorption spectroscopy and time-resolved fluorescence imagings. Finally, some of the remaining major challenges related to this topic are proposed toward the further advances of enhancing long-term operational stability in non-fullerene OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang-Ning Zhang
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Yan Du
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Lei Yan
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Yong-Jin Pu
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Keisuke Tajima
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Xingzhu Wang
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, P. R. China
- School of Electrical Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Tao Hao
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, P. R. China
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
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10
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He D, Zhou J, Zhu Y, Li Y, Wang K, Li J, Zhang J, Li B, Lin Y, He Y, Wang C, Zhao F. Manipulating Vertical Phase Separation Enables Pseudoplanar Heterojunction Organic Solar Cells Over 19% Efficiency via Ternary Polymerization. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2308909. [PMID: 37939009 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202308909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Controlling vertical phase separation of the active layer to enable efficient exciton dissociation and charge carrier transport is crucial to boost power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of pseudoplanar heterojunction (PPHJ) organic solar cells (OSCs). However, how to optimize the vertical phase separation of PPHJ OSCs via molecule design is rarely reported yet. Herein, ternary polymerization strategy is employed to develop a series of polymer donors, DL1-DL4, and regulate their solubility, molecular aggregation, molecular orientation, and miscibility, thus efficiently manipulating vertical phase separation in PPHJ OSCs. Among them, DL1 not only has enhanced solubility, inhibited molecular aggregation and partial edge-on orientation to facilitate acceptor molecules, Y6, to permeate into polymer layer and increase donor/acceptor interfaces, but also sustains high crystallinity and appropriate miscibility with Y6 to acquire ordered molecular packing, thus achieving optimized vertical phase separation to well juggle exciton dissociation and charge transport in PPHJ devices. Therefore, DL1/Y6 based PPHJ OSCs gain the best exciton dissociation probability, highest charge carrier mobilities and weakest charge recombination, and thus afford an impressive PCE of 19.10%, which is the record value for terpolymer donors. It demonstrates that ternary polymerization is an efficient method to optimize vertical phase separation in PPHJ OSCs for high PCEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan He
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, P. R. China
| | - Jixiang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, P. R. China
| | - Yufan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, P. R. China
| | - Yawen Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids and Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Ke Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, P. R. China
| | - Jie Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids and Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Jianqi Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Bao Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, P. R. China
| | - Yuze Lin
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids and Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Yuehui He
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, P. R. China
| | - Chunru Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids and Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Fuwen Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, P. R. China
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11
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Xie C, Huang H, Li Z, Zeng X, Deng B, Li C, Zhang G, Li S. A Water-Processed Mesoscale Structure Enables 18.5% Efficient Binary Layer-by-Layer Organic Solar Cells. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 16:91. [PMID: 38201756 PMCID: PMC10780782 DOI: 10.3390/polym16010091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The two-step layer-by-layer (LBL) deposition of donor and acceptor films enables desired vertical phase separation and high performance in organic solar cells (OSCs), which becomes a promising technology for large-scale printing devices. However, limitations including the use of toxic solvents and unpredictable infiltration between donor and acceptor still hinder the commercial production of LBL OSCs. Herein, we developed a water-based nanoparticle (NP) ink containing donor polymer to construct a mesoscale structure that could be infiltrated with an acceptor solution. Using non-halogen o-xylene for acceptor deposition, the LBL strategy with a mesoscale structure delivered outstanding efficiencies of 18.5% for binary PM6:L8-BObased LBL OSCs. Enhanced charge carrier mobility and restricted trap states were observed in the meso-LBL devices with optimized vertical morphology. It is believed that the findings in this work will bring about more research interest and effort on eco-friendly processing in preparation for the industrial production of OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Xie
- College of New Materials and New Energies, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China; (H.H.); (Z.L.); (X.Z.); (B.D.); (C.L.); (G.Z.)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Shunpu Li
- College of New Materials and New Energies, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China; (H.H.); (Z.L.); (X.Z.); (B.D.); (C.L.); (G.Z.)
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12
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Zhuo H, Li X, Zhang J, Zhu C, He H, Ding K, Li J, Meng L, Ade H, Li Y. Precise synthesis and photovoltaic properties of giant molecule acceptors. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7996. [PMID: 38042895 PMCID: PMC10693637 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43846-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Series of giant molecule acceptors DY, TY and QY with two, three and four small molecule acceptor subunits are synthesized by a stepwise synthetic method and used for systematically investigating the influence of subunit numbers on the structure-property relationship from small molecule acceptor YDT to giant molecule acceptors and to polymerized small molecule acceptor PY-IT. Among these acceptors-based devices, the TY-based film shows proper donor/acceptor phase separation, higher charge transfer state yield and longer charge transfer state lifetime. Combining with the highest electron mobility, more efficient exciton dissociation and lower charge carrier recombination properties, the TY-based device exhibits the highest power conversion efficiency of 16.32%. These results indicate that the subunit number in these acceptors has significant influence on their photovoltaic properties. This stepwise synthetic method of giant molecule acceptors will be beneficial to diversify their structures and promote their applications in high-efficiency and stable organic solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Zhuo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemical Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiaojun Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.
- School of Chemical Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Jinyuan Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Can Zhu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemical Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Haozhe He
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemical Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Kan Ding
- Department of Physics and Organic and Carbon Electronics Laboratories (ORaCEL), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Jing Li
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Lei Meng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemical Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Harald Ade
- Department of Physics and Organic and Carbon Electronics Laboratories (ORaCEL), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA.
| | - Yongfang Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.
- School of Chemical Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China.
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13
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Liu Y, Zhang T, Zhang R, Guan J, Pan J, Yu X, Zhang Q, Han Y. Enhancing the Molecular Order and Vertical Component Distribution of the P3HT/O-IDTBR System during Layer-by-Layer Processing. Macromol Rapid Commun 2023; 44:e2300338. [PMID: 37585284 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202300338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
The molecular order and vertical component distribution are critical to enhance the charge transport in layer-by-layer (LbL) processed active layer. However, the excessive inter-diffusion between donor and acceptor layers during LbL processing irrepressibly reduces their ordered packing. Herein, a novel tactic to optimize the molecular order and vertical morphology of the active layer through suppressing the deep penetration of (5Z,5'Z)-5,5'-((7,7'-(4,4,9,9-tetraoctyl-4,9-dihydro-s-indaceno[1,2-b:5,6 -b']dithiophene-2,7-diyl)bis(benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole-7,4-diyl))bis(methanylylidene)) bis(3-ethyl-2-thioxothiazolidin-4-one) (O-IDTBR) to poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) film during LbL processing is proposed. This is enabled by inducing the formation of P3HT nanofibers through ultraviolet (UV) irradiation and solution aging. During the LbL processing, these nanofibers with high crystallinity reduce the damage of O-IDTBR solution to P3HT film and restrict the penetration of O-IDTBR into P3HT matrix. As a result, the P3HT nanofibers are preserved and the degree of vertical phase separation is enlarged in the LbL-processed film. Meanwhile, the molecular order of both components is enhanced. The resulting morphology that featured as intertwined P3HT nanofibers/O-IDTBR network efficiently promotes charge transport and extraction, boosting the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the devices from 6.70 ± 0.12% to 7.71 ± 0.10%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yadi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Tao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, Linköping, 58183, Sweden
| | - Jian Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Jiaqi Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Xinhong Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
| | - Yanchun Han
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
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14
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Luo S, Li C, Zhang J, Zou X, Zhao H, Ding K, Huang H, Song J, Yi J, Yu H, Wong KS, Zhang G, Ade H, Ma W, Hu H, Sun Y, Yan H. Auxiliary sequential deposition enables 19%-efficiency organic solar cells processed from halogen-free solvents. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6964. [PMID: 37907534 PMCID: PMC10618449 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41978-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
High-efficiency organic solar cells are often achieved using toxic halogenated solvents and additives that are constrained in organic solar cells industry. Therefore, it is important to develop materials or processing methods that enabled highly efficient organic solar cells processed by halogen free solvents. In this paper, we report an innovative processing method named auxiliary sequential deposition that enables 19%-efficiency organic solar cells processed by halogen free solvents. Our auxiliary sequential deposition method is different from the conventional blend casting or sequential deposition methods in that it involves an additional casting of dithieno[3,2-b:2',3'-d]thiophene between the sequential depositions of the donor (D18-Cl) and acceptor (L8-BO) layers. The auxiliary sequential deposition method enables dramatic performance enhancement from 15% to over 18% compared to the blend casting and sequential deposition methods. Furthermore, by incorporating a branched-chain-engineered acceptor called L8-BO-X, device performance can be boosted to over 19% due to increased intermolecular packing, representing top-tier values for green-solvent processed organic solar cells. Comprehensive morphological and time-resolved characterizations reveal that the superior blend morphology achieved through the auxiliary sequential deposition method promotes charge generation while simultaneously suppressing charge recombination. This research underscores the potential of the auxiliary sequential deposition method for fabricating highly efficient organic solar cells using environmentally friendly solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siwei Luo
- Department of Chemistry, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Optoelectronic and Magnetic Functional Materials, Energy Institute and Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National, Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Chao Li
- Department of Chemistry, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Optoelectronic and Magnetic Functional Materials, Energy Institute and Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National, Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- School of Chemistry, Beihang University, 100191, Beijing, China
| | - Jianquan Zhang
- School of Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Aggregate Science and Technology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 518172, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xinhui Zou
- Department of Chemistry, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Optoelectronic and Magnetic Functional Materials, Energy Institute and Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National, Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- Department of Physics, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Heng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710049, Xi'an, China
| | - Kan Ding
- Department of Physics and Organic and Carbon Electronics Laboratories (ORaCEL), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Hui Huang
- College of New Materials and New Energies, Shenzhen Technology University, 518118, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiali Song
- School of Chemistry, Beihang University, 100191, Beijing, China
| | - Jicheng Yi
- Department of Chemistry, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Optoelectronic and Magnetic Functional Materials, Energy Institute and Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National, Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Han Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Optoelectronic and Magnetic Functional Materials, Energy Institute and Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National, Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Kam Sing Wong
- Department of Physics, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Guangye Zhang
- College of New Materials and New Energies, Shenzhen Technology University, 518118, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Harald Ade
- Department of Physics and Organic and Carbon Electronics Laboratories (ORaCEL), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Wei Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710049, Xi'an, China
| | - Huawei Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, 201620, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanming Sun
- School of Chemistry, Beihang University, 100191, Beijing, China.
| | - He Yan
- Department of Chemistry, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Optoelectronic and Magnetic Functional Materials, Energy Institute and Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National, Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China.
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, 510640, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.
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15
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Fan Q, Ma R, Yang J, Gao J, Bai H, Su W, Liang Z, Wu Y, Tang L, Li Y, Wu Q, Wang K, Yan L, Zhang R, Gao F, Li G, Ma W. Unidirectional Sidechain Engineering to Construct Dual-Asymmetric Acceptors for 19.23 % Efficiency Organic Solar Cells with Low Energy Loss and Efficient Charge Transfer. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202308307. [PMID: 37463122 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202308307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Achieving both high open-circuit voltage (Voc ) and short-circuit current density (Jsc ) to boost power-conversion efficiency (PCE) is a major challenge for organic solar cells (OSCs), wherein high energy loss (Eloss ) and inefficient charge transfer usually take place. Here, three new Y-series acceptors of mono-asymmetric asy-YC11 and dual-asymmetric bi-asy-YC9 and bi-asy-YC12 are developed. They share the same asymmetric D1 AD2 (D1 =thieno[3,2-b]thiophene and D2 =selenopheno[3,2-b]thiophene) fused-core but have different unidirectional sidechain on D1 side, allowing fine-tuned molecular properties, such as intermolecular interaction, packing pattern, and crystallinity. Among the binary blends, the PM6 : bi-asy-YC12 one has better morphology with appropriate phase separation and higher order packing than the PM6 : asy-YC9 and PM6 : bi-asy-YC11 ones. Therefore, the PM6 : bi-asy-YC12-based OSCs offer a higher PCE of 17.16 % with both high Voc and Jsc , due to the reduced Eloss and efficient charge transfer properties. Inspired by the high Voc and strong NIR-absorption, bi-asy-YC12 is introduced into efficient binary PM6 : L8-BO to construct ternary OSCs. Thanks to the broadened absorption, optimized morphology, and furtherly minimized Eloss , the PM6 : L8-BO : bi-asy-YC12-based OSCs achieve a champion PCE of 19.23 %, which is one of the highest efficiencies among these annealing-free devices. Our developed unidirectional sidechain engineering for constructing bi-asymmetric Y-series acceptors provides an approach to boost PCE of OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qunping Fan
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Ruijie Ma
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Research Institute for Smart Energy (RISE), Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao (GHM) Joint Laboratory for Photonic-Thermal-Electrical Energy Materials and Devices, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Jie Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jingshun Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 451191, China
| | - Hairui Bai
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Wenyan Su
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Zezhou Liang
- Key Laboratory for Physical Electronics and Devices of the Ministry of Education & Shaanxi, Key Lab of Photonic Technique for Information, School of Electronics Science & Engineering, Faculty of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Yue Wu
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Novel Semiconductor-Optoelectronics Materials and Devices, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Lingxiao Tang
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Yuxiang Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Qiang Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Kun Wang
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 451191, China
| | - Lihe Yan
- Key Laboratory for Physical Electronics and Devices of the Ministry of Education & Shaanxi, Key Lab of Photonic Technique for Information, School of Electronics Science & Engineering, Faculty of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, 58183, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, 58183, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Research Institute for Smart Energy (RISE), Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao (GHM) Joint Laboratory for Photonic-Thermal-Electrical Energy Materials and Devices, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Wei Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
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16
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Li Q, Wang R, Yu T, Wang X, Zhang ZG, Zhang Y, Xiao M, Zhang C. Long-Range Charge Separation Enabled by Intramoiety Delocalized Excitations in Copolymer Donors in Organic Photovoltaic Blends. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:7498-7506. [PMID: 37581453 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c01861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
For over two decades, most high-performance organic photovoltaics (OPVs) have been made with donor:acceptor bulk heterojunctions with domain sizes limited by exciton diffusion, where charge separation mostly takes place through the dissociation of the interfacial charge-transfer (xCT) excitons. Recently, nonfullerene acceptor (NFA)-based OPVs have shown excellent compatibility to device structures with large domains in active layers. However, it remains elusive how the excitations that are distant from the interfaces are converted into free charges. Here, we report the identification of a new charge separation channel in model copolymer/NFA blends mediated by intra-moiety delocalized excitations in both planar heterojunctions and donor-enriched bulk heterojunctions. The delocalized excitations induced by interchromophore electronic interactions in copolymer donors mediate the long-range charge separation and dissociate into free charges without forming the bound xCT states first, releasing the constraints associated with the short exciton diffusion length in organic materials. The long-range charge separation mechanism uncovered in this work, in cooperation with the short-range xCT-mediated pathway, holds the potential to further optimize OPVs with diverse device structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Rui Wang
- College of Physics, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, China
- Key Laboratory of Aerospace Information Materials and Physics (NUAA), MIIT, Nanjing 211106, China
| | - Tao Yu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Xiaoyong Wang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Zhi-Guo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic/Inorganic Composites, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- School of Chemistry, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Min Xiao
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- Department of Physics, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States
| | - Chunfeng Zhang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- Institute of Materials Engineering, Nanjing University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
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17
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Hong M, Youn J, Ryu KY, Shafian S, Kim K. Improving the Stability of Non-fullerene-Based Organic Photovoltaics through Sequential Deposition and Utilization of a Quasi-orthogonal Solvent. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:20151-20158. [PMID: 37062884 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c02071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The development of organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices based on non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs) has led to a rapid improvement in their efficiency. Despite these improvements, significant performance degradation in the early stages of operation, known as burn-in, remains a challenge for NFA-based OPVs. To address this challenge, this study demonstrates a stable NFA-based OPV fabricated using sequential deposition (SqD) and a quasi-orthogonal solvent. The quasi-orthogonal solvent, which is prepared by incorporating 1-chloronaphthalene (1-CN) into dichloromethane (DCM), reduces the vapor pressure of the solvent and allows for the efficient dissolution and penetration of the Y6 (one of efficient NFAs) into a PM6 polymer-donor layer without damaging the latter. The resulting bulk heterojunction (BHJ) is characterized by a higher degree of crystallinity in the PM6 domains than that prepared using a conventional single-step deposition (SD) process. The OPV fabricated using the SqD process exhibits a PCE of 14.1% and demonstrates superior thermal stability to the SD-processed OPV. This study conclusively reveals that the formation of a thermally stable interface between the photoactive layer and the electron-transport layer (ETL) is the primary factor contributing to the high thermal stability observed in the SqD-processed OPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjeong Hong
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyae Youn
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Ka Yeon Ryu
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute for Green Energy Convergence Technology (RIGET), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Shafidah Shafian
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
- Solar Energy Research Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Kyungkon Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
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18
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Ding G, Chen T, Wang M, Xia X, He C, Zheng X, Li Y, Zhou D, Lu X, Zuo L, Xu Z, Chen H. Solid Additive-Assisted Layer-by-Layer Processing for 19% Efficiency Binary Organic Solar Cells. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2023; 15:92. [PMID: 37036549 PMCID: PMC10086087 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-023-01057-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Morphology is of great significance to the performance of organic solar cells (OSCs), since appropriate morphology could not only promote the exciton dissociation, but also reduce the charge recombination. In this work, we have developed a solid additive-assisted layer-by-layer (SAA-LBL) processing to fabricate high-efficiency OSCs. By adding the solid additive of fatty acid (FA) into polymer donor PM6 solution, controllable pre-phase separation forms between PM6 and FA. This intermixed morphology facilitates the diffusion of acceptor Y6 into the donor PM6 during the LBL processing, due to the good miscibility and fast-solvation of the FA with chloroform solution dripping. Interestingly, this results in the desired morphology with refined phase-separated domain and vertical phase-separation structure to better balance the charge transport /collection and exciton dissociation. Consequently, the binary single junction OSCs based on PM6:Y6 blend reach champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 18.16% with SAA-LBL processing, which can be generally applicable to diverse systems, e.g., the PM6:L8-BO-based devices and thick-film devices. The efficacy of SAA-LBL is confirmed in binary OSCs based on PM6:L8-BO, where record PCEs of 19.02% and 16.44% are realized for devices with 100 and 250 nm active layers, respectively. The work provides a simple but effective way to control the morphology for high-efficiency OSCs and demonstrates the SAA-LBL processing a promising methodology for boosting the industrial manufacturing of OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanyu Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianyi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengting Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinxin Xia
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong, 999077, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengliang He
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangjun Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaokai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Di Zhou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinhui Lu
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong, 999077, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijian Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, People's Republic of China.
- Zhejiang University-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhikang Xu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Adsorption and Separation Materials and Technologies of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongzheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, People's Republic of China.
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19
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Lowrie W, Westbrook RJE, Guo J, Gonev HI, Marin-Beloqui J, Clarke TM. Organic photovoltaics: The current challenges. J Chem Phys 2023; 158:110901. [PMID: 36948814 DOI: 10.1063/5.0139457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Organic photovoltaics are remarkably close to reaching a landmark power conversion efficiency of 20%. Given the current urgent concerns regarding climate change, research into renewable energy solutions is crucially important. In this perspective article, we highlight several key aspects of organic photovoltaics, ranging from fundamental understanding to implementation, that need to be addressed to ensure the success of this promising technology. We cover the intriguing ability of some acceptors to undergo efficient charge photogeneration in the absence of an energetic driving force and the effects of the resulting state hybridization. We explore one of the primary loss mechanisms of organic photovoltaics-non-radiative voltage losses-and the influence of the energy gap law. Triplet states are becoming increasingly relevant owing to their presence in even the most efficient non-fullerene blends, and we assess their role as both a loss mechanism and a potential strategy to enhance efficiency. Finally, two ways in which the implementation of organic photovoltaics can be simplified are addressed. The standard bulk heterojunction architecture could be superseded by either single material photovoltaics or sequentially deposited heterojunctions, and the attributes of both are considered. While several important challenges still lie ahead for organic photovoltaics, their future is, indeed, bright.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Lowrie
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, Christopher Ingold Building, London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
| | - Robert J E Westbrook
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Junjun Guo
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, Christopher Ingold Building, London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
| | - Hristo Ivov Gonev
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, Christopher Ingold Building, London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
| | - Jose Marin-Beloqui
- Departamento de Química Física, Universidad de Malaga, Campus Teatinos s/n, 29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - Tracey M Clarke
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, Christopher Ingold Building, London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
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20
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Xu X, Jing W, Meng H, Guo Y, Yu L, Li R, Peng Q. Sequential Deposition of Multicomponent Bulk Heterojunctions Increases Efficiency of Organic Solar Cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2208997. [PMID: 36650665 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202208997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Constructing tandem and multi-blend organic solar cells (OSCs) is an effective way to overcome the absorption limitations of conventional single-junction devices. However, these methods inevitably require tedious multilayer deposition or complicated morphology-optimization procedures. Herein, sequential deposition is utilized as an effective and simple method to fabricate multicomponent OSCs with a double-bulk heterojunction (BHJ) structure of the active layer to further improve photovoltaic performance. Two efficient donor-acceptor pairs, D18-Cl:BTP-eC9 and PM6:L8-BO, are sequentially deposited to form the D18-Cl:BTP-eC9/PM6:L8-BO double-BHJ active layer. In these double-BHJ OSCs, light absorption is significantly improved, and optimal morphology is also retained without requiring a more complicated morphology optimization involved in quaternary blends. Compared to the quaternary blend devices, energy loss (Eloss ) is also reduced by rationally matching each donor with an appropriate acceptor. Consequently, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) is improved from 18.25% for D18-Cl:BTP-eC9 and 18.69% for PM6:L8-BO based binary blend OSCs to 19.61% for the double-BHJ OSCs. In contrast, a D18-Cl:PM6:L8-BO:BTP-eC9 quaternary blend of OSCs exhibited a dramatically reduced PCE of 15.83%. These results demonstrate that a double-BHJ strategy, with a relatively simple processing procedure, can potentially enhance the device performance of OSCs and lead to more widespread use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopeng Xu
- School of Chemical Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Wenwen Jing
- School of Chemical Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Huifeng Meng
- School of Chemical Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Guo
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Liyang Yu
- School of Chemical Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Ruipeng Li
- National Synchrotron Light Source II Brookhaven National Lab, Suffolk, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - Qiang Peng
- School of Chemical Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
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21
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Ma X, Xu W, Liu Z, Jeong SY, Xu C, Zhang J, Woo HY, Zhou Z, Zhang F. Over 18.1% Efficiency of Layer-by-Layer Polymer Solar Cells by Enhancing Exciton Utilization near the ITO Electrode. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:7247-7254. [PMID: 36701588 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c22461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In this work, layer-by-layer (LbL) polymer solar cells (PSCs) are constructed without/with the incorporation of a dissociation strengthening layer (DSL) on the basis of the wide-bandgap donor D18-Cl, as well as the narrow-bandgap nonfullerene acceptor Y6. The efficiency of LbL PSCs is enhanced from 17.62 to 18.15% through introducing a DSL, originating from the enhanced dissociation of D18-Cl excitons near the ITO electrode. Meanwhile, the interfacial energy between D18-Cl and Y6 layers is decreased by incorporating a DSL, which should facilitate molecular interdiffusion for more adequate exciton dissociation in LbL active layers. This work offers a simple and resultful way for realizing power conversion efficiency (PCE) improvement of LbL PSCs with maximized exciton utilization in LbL active layers. The universality of the DSL incorporation strategy on performance improvement can be further confirmed with a boosted PCE from 17.39 to 18.03% or from 17.13 to 17.61% for D18-Cl/L8-BO- or D18-Cl/N3-based LbL PSCs by incorporating a DSL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Ma
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Optical Information, Ministry of Education, Beijing Jiaotong University, 100044Beijing, China
| | - Wenjing Xu
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Optical Information, Ministry of Education, Beijing Jiaotong University, 100044Beijing, China
| | - Zhongyuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Optical Information, Ministry of Education, Beijing Jiaotong University, 100044Beijing, China
| | - Sang Young Jeong
- Organic Optoelectronic Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Korea University, 02841Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chunyu Xu
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Optical Information, Ministry of Education, Beijing Jiaotong University, 100044Beijing, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Electronic Information Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Information Materials, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, 1st Jinji Road, 541004Guilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Han Young Woo
- Organic Optoelectronic Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Korea University, 02841Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Zhengji Zhou
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for High-Efficiency Display and Lighting Technology, Henan University, Kaifeng475004, People's Republic of China
| | - Fujun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Optical Information, Ministry of Education, Beijing Jiaotong University, 100044Beijing, China
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22
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Zhou M, Liao C, Duan Y, Xu X, Yu L, Li R, Peng Q. 19.10% Efficiency and 80.5% Fill Factor Layer-by-Layer Organic Solar Cells Realized by 4-Bis(2-Thienyl)Pyrrole-2,5-Dione Based Polymer Additives for Inducing Vertical Segregation Morphology. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2208279. [PMID: 36411949 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202208279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The morphology plays a key role in determining the charge generation and collection process, thus impacting the performances of organic solar cells (OSCs). The limited selection pool of additives to optimize the morphology of OSCs, especially for the emerging layer-by-layer (LbL) OSCs, impeding the improvements of photovoltaic performances. Herein, a new method of using conjugated polymers as the additives to optimize the morphology for improving the photovoltaic performances of LbL-OSCs is reported. Four polymers of PH, PS, PF, and PCl are developed with different side chains. These polymers exhibit poor performances as donor materials and additives in the BHJ devices, due to the unsuitable energy level alignment and unfavorable molecular interactions. By contrast, they can be served as efficient additives to optimize the PM6 fibril matrix for facilitating the penetration of BTP-eC9 and forming an intertwined D/A bicontinuous network with a vertical segregation. Such morphology is optimized by side chain engineering, which enables the progressive improvement of the charge separation and collection. As a result, adding a small amount of PCl as the additive, the optimized morphology contributes to a champion PCE of 19.10% with a high FF of 80.5%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingwei Zhou
- School of Chemical Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Chentong Liao
- School of Chemical Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Yuwei Duan
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, P. R. China
| | - Xiaopeng Xu
- School of Chemical Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Liyang Yu
- School of Chemical Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Ruipeng Li
- National Synchrotron Light Source II Brookhaven National Lab, Suffolk, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - Qiang Peng
- School of Chemical Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
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23
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Li D, Deng N, Fu Y, Guo C, Zhou B, Wang L, Zhou J, Liu D, Li W, Wang K, Sun Y, Wang T. Fibrillization of Non-Fullerene Acceptors Enables 19% Efficiency Pseudo-Bulk Heterojunction Organic Solar Cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2208211. [PMID: 36418914 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202208211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The structural order and aggregation of non-fullerene acceptors (NFA) are critical toward light absorption, phase separation, and charge transport properties of their photovoltaic blends with electron donors, and determine the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the corresponding organic solar cells (OSCs). In this work, the fibrillization of small molecular NFA L8-BO with the assistance of fused-ring solvent additive 1-fluoronaphthalene (FN) to substantially improve device PCE is demonstrated. Molecular dynamics simulations show that FN attaches to the backbone of L8-BO as the molecular bridge to enhance the intermolecular packing , inducing 1D self-assembly of L8-BO into fine fibrils with a compact polycrystal structure. The L8-BO fibrils are incorporated into a pseudo-bulk heterojunction (P-BHJ) active layer with D18 as a donor, and show enhanced light absorption, charge transport, and collection properties, leading to enhanced PCE from 16.0% to an unprecedented 19.0% in the D18/L8-BO binary P-BHJ OSC, featuring a high fill factor of 80%. This work demonstrates a strategy for fibrillating NFAs toward the enhanced performance of OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghui Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Nan Deng
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Yiwei Fu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Chuanhang Guo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Bojun Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Liang Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Dan Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Wei Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Yanming Sun
- School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Tao Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
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24
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Zhan L, Yin S, Li Y, Li S, Chen T, Sun R, Min J, Zhou G, Zhu H, Chen Y, Fang J, Ma CQ, Xia X, Lu X, Qiu H, Fu W, Chen H. Multiphase Morphology with Enhanced Carrier Lifetime via Quaternary Strategy Enables High-Efficiency, Thick-Film, and Large-Area Organic Photovoltaics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2206269. [PMID: 36106624 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202206269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
With the continuous breakthrough of the efficiency of organic photovoltaics (OPVs), their practical applications are on the agenda. However, the thickness tolerance and upscaling in recently reported high-efficiency devices remains challenging. In this work, the multiphase morphology and desired carrier behaviors are realized by utilizing a quaternary strategy. Notably, the exciton separation, carrier mobility, and carrier lifetime are enhanced significantly, the carrier recombination and the energy loss (Eloss ) are reduced, thus beneficial for a higher short-circuit density (JSC ), fill factor (FF), and open-circuit voltage (VOC ) of the quaternary system. Moreover, the intermixing-phase size is optimized, which is favorable for constructing the thick-film and large-area devices. Finally, the device with a 110 nm-thick active layer shows an outstanding power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 19.32% (certified 19.35%). Furthermore, the large-area (1.05 and 72.25 cm2 ) devices with 110 nm thickness present PCEs of 18.25% and 12.20%, and the device with a 305 nm-thick film (0.0473 cm2 ) delivers a PCE of 17.55%, which are among the highest values reported. The work demonstrates the potential of the quaternary strategy for large-area and thick-film OPVs and promotes the practical application of OPVs in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Materials Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, International Research Center for X Polymers, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Shouchun Yin
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Materials Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, P. R. China
| | - Yaokai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, International Research Center for X Polymers, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Shuixing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, International Research Center for X Polymers, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Tianyi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, International Research Center for X Polymers, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Rui Sun
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Jie Min
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Guanqing Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Haiming Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Yiyao Chen
- Vacuum Interconnected Nanotech Workstation (Nano-X), Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and, Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Jin Fang
- i-Lab & Printable Electronics Research Centre, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Chang-Qi Ma
- i-Lab & Printable Electronics Research Centre, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Xinxin Xia
- Department of Physics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Xinhui Lu
- Department of Physics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Huayu Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Materials Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, P. R. China
| | - Weifei Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, International Research Center for X Polymers, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Hongzheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, International Research Center for X Polymers, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
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25
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Li S, Zhan L, Li Y, He C, Zuo L, Shi M, Chen H. Achieving and Understanding of Highly Efficient Ternary Organic Photovoltaics: From Morphology and Energy Loss to Working Mechanism. SMALL METHODS 2022; 6:e2200828. [PMID: 35931458 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202200828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Ternary strategy, adding an additional donor (D) or acceptor (A) into conventional binary D:A blend, has shown great potential in improving photovoltaic performances of organic photovoltaics (OPVs) for practical applications. Herein, this review is presented on how efficient ternary OPVs are realized from the aspects of morphology, energy loss, and working mechanism. As to morphology, the role of third component on the formation of preferred alloy-like-phase and vertical-phase, which are driven by the miscibility tuning, is discussed. For energy loss, the effect of the third component on the luminescence enhancement and energetic disordering suppression, which lead to favorable increase of voltage, is presented. Regarding working mechanism, dilution effect and relationships between two acceptors or donor/acceptor, which explain the observed device parameters variations, are analyzed. Finally, some future directions concerning ternary OPVs are pointed out. Therefore, this review can provide a comprehensive understanding of working principles and effective routes for high-efficiency ternary systems, advancing the commercialization of OPVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuixing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, International Research Center for X Polymers, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Lingling Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, International Research Center for X Polymers, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Materials Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, P. R. China
| | - Yaokai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, International Research Center for X Polymers, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Chengliang He
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, International Research Center for X Polymers, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Lijian Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, International Research Center for X Polymers, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
- Shanxi-Zheda Institute of Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Minmin Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, International Research Center for X Polymers, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
- Shanxi-Zheda Institute of Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Hongzheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, International Research Center for X Polymers, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
- Shanxi-Zheda Institute of Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
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26
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Jee MH, Ryu HS, Lee D, Lee W, Woo HY. Recent Advances in Nonfullerene Acceptor-Based Layer-by-Layer Organic Solar Cells Using a Solution Process. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2201876. [PMID: 35794317 PMCID: PMC9443470 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202201876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Recently, sequential layer-by-layer (LbL) organic solar cells (OSCs) have attracted significant attention owing to their favorable p-i-n vertical phase separation, efficient charge transport/extraction, and potential for lab-to-fab large-scale production, achieving high power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of over 18%. This review first summarizes recent studies on various approaches to obtain ideal vertical D/A phase separation in nonfullerene acceptor (NFAs)-based LbL OSCs by proper solvent selection, processing additives, protecting solvent treatment, ternary blends, etc. Additionally, the longer exciton diffusion length of NFAs compared with fullerene derivatives, which provides a new scope for further improvement in the performance of LbL OSCs, is been discussed. Large-area device/module production by LbL techniques and device stability issues, including thermal and mechanical stability, are also reviewed. Finally, the current challenges and prospects for further progress toward their eventual commercialization are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Hun Jee
- Department of ChemistryKU‐KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and TechnologyKorea UniversitySeoul02841Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa Sook Ryu
- Department of ChemistryKU‐KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and TechnologyKorea UniversitySeoul02841Republic of Korea
| | - Dongmin Lee
- Department of Polymer Science and EngineeringDepartment of Energy Engineering ConvergenceKumoh National Institute of TechnologyGumiGyeongbuk39177Republic of Korea
| | - Wonho Lee
- Department of Polymer Science and EngineeringDepartment of Energy Engineering ConvergenceKumoh National Institute of TechnologyGumiGyeongbuk39177Republic of Korea
| | - Han Young Woo
- Department of ChemistryKU‐KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and TechnologyKorea UniversitySeoul02841Republic of Korea
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27
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Du J, Hu K, Zhu C, Zhang J, Zhang Z, Wei Z, Meng L, Li Y. High-Performance Polymer Acceptor Synthesized by an Asymmetric Copolymerization Strategy. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c01276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Du
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Chemical Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ke Hu
- School of Chemical Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Can Zhu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Chemical Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jianqi Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Zhanjun Zhang
- School of Chemical Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhixiang Wei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Lei Meng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yongfang Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Chemical Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Novel Semiconductor-Optoelectronics Materials and Devices, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
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28
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Li L, Meng F, Zhang M, Zhang Z, Zhao D. Revisiting the Dithienophthalimide Building Block: Improved Synthetic Method Yielding New High‐Performance Polymer Donors for Organic Solar Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202206311. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202206311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lianghui Li
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations College of Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Fei Meng
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations College of Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Ming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering Beijing Engineering Research Center for the Synthesis and Applications of Waterborne Polymers Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 China
| | - Zhi‐Guo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering Beijing Engineering Research Center for the Synthesis and Applications of Waterborne Polymers Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 China
| | - Dongbing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations College of Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
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29
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Zhang G, Lin FR, Qi F, Heumüller T, Distler A, Egelhaaf HJ, Li N, Chow PCY, Brabec CJ, Jen AKY, Yip HL. Renewed Prospects for Organic Photovoltaics. Chem Rev 2022; 122:14180-14274. [PMID: 35929847 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Organic photovoltaics (OPVs) have progressed steadily through three stages of photoactive materials development: (i) use of poly(3-hexylthiophene) and fullerene-based acceptors (FAs) for optimizing bulk heterojunctions; (ii) development of new donors to better match with FAs; (iii) development of non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs). The development and application of NFAs with an A-D-A configuration (where A = acceptor and D = donor) has enabled devices to have efficient charge generation and small energy losses (Eloss < 0.6 eV), resulting in substantially higher power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) than FA-based devices. The discovery of Y6-type acceptors (Y6 = 2,2'-((2Z,2'Z)-((12,13-bis(2-ethylhexyl)-3,9-diundecyl-12,13-dihydro-[1,2,5]-thiadiazolo[3,4-e]-thieno[2″,3″:4',5']thieno-[2',3':4,5]pyrrolo-[3,2-g]thieno-[2',3':4,5]thieno-[3,2-b]indole-2,10-diyl)bis(methanylylidene))bis(5,6-difluoro-3-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-indene-2,1-diylidene))dimalononitrile) with an A-DA' D-A configuration has further propelled the PCEs to go beyond 15% due to smaller Eloss values (∼0.5 eV) and higher external quantum efficiencies. Subsequently, the PCEs of Y6-series single-junction devices have increased to >19% and may soon approach 20%. This review provides an update of recent progress of OPV in the following aspects: developments of novel NFAs and donors, understanding of the structure-property relationships and underlying mechanisms of state-of-the-art OPVs, and tasks underpinning the commercialization of OPVs, such as device stability, module development, potential applications, and high-throughput manufacturing. Finally, an outlook and prospects section summarizes the remaining challenges for the further development of OPV technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guichuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.,School of Semiconductor Science and Technology, South China Normal University, Foshan 528225, China
| | - Francis R Lin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China
| | - Feng Qi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China
| | - Thomas Heumüller
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology (i-MEET), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Martensstrasse 7, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.,Helmholtz Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg (HI ERN), Immerwahrstrasse 2, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andreas Distler
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology (i-MEET), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Martensstrasse 7, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hans-Joachim Egelhaaf
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology (i-MEET), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Martensstrasse 7, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.,Helmholtz Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg (HI ERN), Immerwahrstrasse 2, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ning Li
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Philip C Y Chow
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam 999077, Hong Kong, China
| | - Christoph J Brabec
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology (i-MEET), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Martensstrasse 7, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.,Helmholtz Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg (HI ERN), Immerwahrstrasse 2, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Alex K-Y Jen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China.,School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China.,Hong Kong Institute for Clean Energy, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hin-Lap Yip
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China.,School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China.,Hong Kong Institute for Clean Energy, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China
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30
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Achieving improved stability and minimal non-radiative recombination loss for over 18% binary organic photovoltaics via versatile interfacial regulation strategy. Sci China Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-022-1300-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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31
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Fu H, Peng Z, Fan Q, Lin FR, Qi F, Ran Y, Wu Z, Fan B, Jiang K, Woo HY, Lu G, Ade H, Jen AKY. A Top-Down Strategy to Engineer ActiveLayer Morphology for Highly Efficient and Stable All-Polymer Solar Cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2202608. [PMID: 35748129 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202202608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A major challenge hindering the further development of all-polymer solar cells (all-PSCs) employing polymerized small-molecule acceptors is the relatively low fill factor (FF) due to the difficulty in controlling the active-layer morphology. The issues typically arise from oversized phase separation resulting from the thermodynamically unfavorable mixing between two macromolecular species, and disordered molecular orientation/packing of highly anisotropic polymer chains. Herein, a facile top-down controlling strategy to engineer the morphology of all-polymer blends is developed by leveraging the layer-by-layer (LBL) deposition. Optimal intermixing of polymer components can be achieved in the two-step process by tuning the bottom-layer polymer swelling during top-layer deposition. Consequently, both the molecular orientation/packing of the bottom layer and the molecular ordering of the top layer can be optimized with a suitable top-layer processing solvent. A favorable morphology with gradient vertical composition distribution for efficient charge transport and extraction is therefore realized, affording a high all-PSC efficiency of 17.0% with a FF of 76.1%. The derived devices also possess excellent long-term thermal stability and can retain >90% of their initial efficiencies after being annealed at 65 °C for 1300 h. These results validate the distinct advantages of employing an LBL processing protocol to fabricate high-performance all-PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiting Fu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong
- Hong Kong Institute for Clean Energy, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Zhengxing Peng
- Department of Physics and Organic and Carbon Electronics Laboratories (ORaCEL), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Qunping Fan
- Hong Kong Institute for Clean Energy, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Francis R Lin
- Hong Kong Institute for Clean Energy, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Feng Qi
- Hong Kong Institute for Clean Energy, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Yixin Ran
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, P. R. China
| | - Ziang Wu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Korea University, Seoul, 136-713, Republic of Korea
| | - Baobing Fan
- Hong Kong Institute for Clean Energy, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Kui Jiang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong
- Hong Kong Institute for Clean Energy, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Han Young Woo
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Korea University, Seoul, 136-713, Republic of Korea
| | - Guanghao Lu
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, P. R. China
| | - Harald Ade
- Department of Physics and Organic and Carbon Electronics Laboratories (ORaCEL), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Alex K-Y Jen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong
- Hong Kong Institute for Clean Energy, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195-2120, USA
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32
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He C, Pan Y, Lu G, Wu B, Xia X, Ma CQ, Chen Z, Zhu H, Lu X, Ma W, Zuo L, Chen H. Versatile Sequential Casting Processing for Highly Efficient and Stable Binary Organic Photovoltaics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2203379. [PMID: 35765940 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202203379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Forming an ideal bulk heterojunction (BHJ) morphology is a critical issue governing the photon to electron process in organic solar cells (OSCs). Complementary to the widely-used blend casting (BC) method for BHJ construction, sequential casting (SC) can also enable similar or even better morphology and device performance for OSCs. Here, BC and SC methods on three representative donor:acceptor (D:A) blends are utilized, that is, PM6:PC71 BM, PM6:IT-4F and PM6:L8-BO. Higher power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) in all cases by taking advantage of beneficial morphology from SC processing are achieved, and a champion PCE of 18.86% (certified as 18.44%) based on the PM6:L8-BO blend is reached, representing the record value among binary OSCs. The observations on phase separation and vertical distribution inspire the proposal of the swelling-intercalation phase-separation model to interpret the morphology evolution during SC processing. Further, the vertical phase segregation is found to deliver an improvement of device performance via affecting the charge transport and collection processes, as evidenced by the D:A-ratio-dependent photovoltaic properties. Besides, OSCs based on SC processing show advantages on device photostability and upscale fabrication. This work demonstrates the versatility and efficacy of the SC method for BHJ-based OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengliang He
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, International Research Center for X Polymers, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Youwen Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, International Research Center for X Polymers, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Guanghao Lu
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, P. R. China
| | - Baohua Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Xinxin Xia
- Department of Physics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Chang-Qi Ma
- i-Lab & Printable Electronics Research Centre, Suzhou Institute of Nano-tech and Nano-bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Zeng Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Haiming Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Xinhui Lu
- Department of Physics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Wei Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Lijian Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, International Research Center for X Polymers, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Hongzheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, International Research Center for X Polymers, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
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33
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Xue J, Zhao H, Lin B, Wang Y, Zhu Q, Lu G, Wu B, Bi Z, Zhou X, Zhao C, Lu G, Zhou K, Ma W. Nonhalogenated Dual-Slot-Die Processing Enables High-Efficiency Organic Solar Cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2202659. [PMID: 35698785 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202202659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Organic solar cells (OSCs) are promising candidates for next-generation photovoltaic technologies, with their power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) reaching 19%. However, the typically used spin-coating method, toxic halogenated processing solvents, and the conventional bulk-heterojunction (BHJ), which causes excessive charge recombination, hamper the commercialization and further efficiency promotion of OSCs. Here, a simple but effective dual-slot-die sequential processing (DSDS) strategy is proposed to address the above issues by achieving a continuous solution supply, avoiding the solubility limit of the nonhalogen solvents, and creating a graded-BHJ morphology. As a result, an excellent PCE of 17.07% is obtained with the device processed with o-xylene in an open-air environment with no post-treatment required, while a PCE of over 14% is preserved in a wide range of active-layer thickness. The unique film-formation mechanism is further identified during the DSDS processing, which suggests the formation of the graded-BHJ morphology by the mutual diffusion between the donor and acceptor and the subsequent progressive aggregation. The graded-BHJ structure leads to improved charge transport, inhibited charge recombination, and thus an excellent PCE. Therefore, the newly developed DSDS approach can effectively contribute to the realm of high-efficiency and eco-friendly OSCs, which can also possibly be generalized to other organic photoelectric devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwei Xue
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Heng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Baojun Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Yilin Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Qinglian Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Guanyu Lu
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Baohua Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Zhaozhao Bi
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Xiaobo Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Chao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Guanghao Lu
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Ke Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Wei Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
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34
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Gao W, Qi F, Peng Z, Lin FR, Jiang K, Zhong C, Kaminsky W, Guan Z, Lee CS, Marks TJ, Ade H, Jen AKY. Achieving 19% Power Conversion Efficiency in Planar-Mixed Heterojunction Organic Solar Cells Using a Pseudosymmetric Electron Acceptor. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2202089. [PMID: 35724397 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202202089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A record power conversion efficiency (PCE) of over 19% is realized in planar-mixed heterojunction (PMHJ) organic solar cells (OSCs) by adopting the asymmetric selenium substitution strategy in making a pseudosymmetric electron acceptor, BS3TSe-4F. The combined molecular asymmetry with more polarizable selenium substitution increases the dielectric constant of the D18/BS3TSe-4F blend, helping lower the exciton binding energy. On the other hand, dimer packing in BS3TSe-4F is facilitated to enable free charge generation, helping more efficient exciton dissociation and lowering the radiative recombination loss (ΔE2 ) of OSCs. As a result, PMHJ OSCs based on D18/BS3TSe-4F achieve a PCE of 18.48%. By incorporating another mid-bandgap acceptor Y6-O into D18/BS3TSe-4F to form a ternary PMHJ, a higher open-circuit voltage (VOC ) can be achieved to realize an impressive PCE of 19.03%. The findings of using pseudosymmetric electron acceptors in enhancing device efficiency provides an effective way to develop highly efficient acceptor materials for OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Gao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong
- Hong Kong Institute for Clean Energy, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Feng Qi
- Hong Kong Institute for Clean Energy, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Zhengxing Peng
- Department of Physics and Organic and Carbon Electronics Laboratories (ORaCEL), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Francis R Lin
- Hong Kong Institute for Clean Energy, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Kui Jiang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong
- Hong Kong Institute for Clean Energy, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Cheng Zhong
- Department of Chemistry, Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Optoelectronic Materials, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Werner Kaminsky
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195-2120, USA
| | - Zhiqiang Guan
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Chun-Sing Lee
- Hong Kong Institute for Clean Energy, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Tobin J Marks
- Department of Chemistry and the Materials Research Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Harald Ade
- Department of Physics and Organic and Carbon Electronics Laboratories (ORaCEL), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Alex K-Y Jen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong
- Hong Kong Institute for Clean Energy, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195-2120, USA
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Li Y, Wu J, Tang H, Yi X, Liu Z, Yang Q, Fu Y, Liu J, Xie Z. Non-Halogenated Solvents and Layer-by-Layer Blade-Coated Ternary Organic Solar Cells via Cascade Acceptor Adjusting Morphology and Crystallization to Reduce Energy Loss. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:31054-31065. [PMID: 35763722 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c05504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of halogenated solvent spin-coated organic solar cells (OSCs) has been boosted to a high level (>18%) by developing efficient photovoltaic materials and precise morphological control. However, the PCE of OSCs prepared from non-halogenated solvents and with a scalable printing process is far behind, limited by tough morphology manipulation. Herein, we have fabricated ternary OSCs by using layer-by-layer (LBL) blade-coating and a non-halogenated solvent. The ternary OSCs based on the PM6:IT-M(1:0.2)/BTP-eC9 active layer are processed with the hydrocarbon solvent 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene with no need of any additives and post-treatment. The vertical donor/acceptor distribution is optimized by LBL blade-coating within the PM6:IT-M(1:0.2)/BTP-eC9 active layer. The cascade acceptor IT-M blended in PM6 not only attenuates the damage of BTP-eC9 to the PM6 crystallization, leading to a dense nanofiber-like morphology, but also prefers to reside between PM6 and BTP-eC9 to form a cascade energy level alignment for a fast charge-transfer process. Finally, the improved morphology and crystallization lead to a reduced molecular recombination, low energy loss, and high open-circuit voltage. The prepared non-halogenated solvent and LBL blade-coated OSCs achieve a PCE of 17.16%. The work provides an approach to fabricate hydrocarbon solvent-processed high-performance OSCs by employing LBL blade-coating and a ternary strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youzhan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Jiang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Hao Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Xueting Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Zekun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Qingqing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Yingying Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Jian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyuan Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
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Li L, Meng F, Zhang M, Zhang ZG, Zhao D. Revisiting the Dithenophthalimide Building Block: Improved Synthetic Method Yielding New High‐Performance Polymer Donors of Organic Solar Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202206311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lianghui Li
- Nankai University College of Chemistry Chemistry CHINA
| | - Fei Meng
- Nankai University College of Chemistry Chemistry CHINA
| | - Ming Zhang
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Zhi-Guo Zhang
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Dongbing Zhao
- Nankai University State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry Weijin Rd. 94 300071 Tianjin CHINA
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37
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Li X, Zhu R, He Z, Du X, Lin H, Zheng C, Yang G, Chen Z, Tao S. Additive-Induced Vertical Component Distribution Enables High-Performance Sequentially Cast Organic Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:25842-25850. [PMID: 35635178 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c04997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Modulation of the active layer morphology to form a vertical component distribution structure is an effective way of improving the efficiency of organic solar cells (OSCs). In this paper, a layer-by-layer (LbL) spin-coating method was adopted combined with an additive strategy to achieve the purpose of precisely adjusting the morphology, and finally, high-performance OSCs based on a D18-Cl/Y6 system were achieved. After adding n-octane in D18-Cl, D18-Cl+/Y6 devices realized a PCE of 17.70%, while with the incorporation of 1-fluoronaphthalene (FN) in Y6, D18-Cl/Y6+ devices obtained a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 17.39%, both higher than the control devices (16.66%). The former resulted in a more orderly arrangement of D18-Cl, forming a suitable phase separation morphology, and the latter improved the crystallization of Y6, which facilitated carrier transport. Furthermore, the dual-additive-treated D18-Cl+/Y6+ bilayer devices with n-octane doping in the donor and FN in the acceptor had a more desirable vertical morphology, exhibiting an excellent PCE of 18.16% with an improved JSC of 27.17 mA cm-2 and FF of 76.88%, one of the highest efficiencies for LbL OSCs. The results demonstrated that combining the LbL spin-coating method with the additive strategy is a valid way to achieve hierarchical morphology control and enhance device performance, which is of great significance for the fabrication and development of OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinrui Li
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu 610054, P. R. China
| | - Ruobi Zhu
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu 610054, P. R. China
| | - Zeyu He
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu 610054, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyang Du
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu 610054, P. R. China
| | - Hui Lin
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu 610054, P. R. China
| | - Caijun Zheng
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu 610054, P. R. China
| | - Gang Yang
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu 610054, P. R. China
| | - Zhenhua Chen
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility (SSRF), Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201204, P. R. China
| | - Silu Tao
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu 610054, P. R. China
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Liu S, Li H, Wu X, Chen D, Zhang L, Meng X, Tan L, Hu X, Chen Y. Pseudo-Planar Heterojunction Organic Photovoltaics with Optimized Light Utilization for Printable Solar Windows. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2201604. [PMID: 35365928 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202201604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The existing conformation of the active layer is defective for employment of semitransparent organic solar cells (ST-OSCs) in solar windows. Herein, scalable solar windows are successfully printed by introducing a pseudo-planar heterojunction (PPHJ) structure. The PPHJ structure can effectively improve the average visible transmittance (AVT) value while boosting the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of semitransparent devices due to the reduced optical loss. The universality of the PPHJ structure in the preparation of ST-OSCs is proved. Furthermore, an inset of a superhydrophobic patterned soft insertion layer (PSIL) in the encapsulated window improves the waterproof performance without losing transparency. Accordingly, the semitransparent devices based on the 2,2'-((2Z,2'Z)-((12,13-bis(2-ethylhexyl)-3,9-diundecyl-12,13-dihydro-[1,2,5]thiadiazolo[3,4-e]thieno[2″,3″:4',5']thieno[2',3':4,5]pyrrolo[3,2-g]thieno[2',3':4,5]thieno[3,2-b]indole-2,10-diyl)bis(methanylylidene))bis(5,6-difluoro-3-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-indene-2,1-diylidene))dimalononitrile (Y6) system afford a maximal efficiency of 14.62%, with a considerable AVT of 20.42%, and the resultant solar windows achieve a stabilized efficiency of 13.34% with excellent waterproof performance. Moreover, the PCE of the unilateral broken solar windows retains 70.6% of the initial efficiency after being placed under simulated rainfall conditions for 1200 h at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Institute of Polymers and Energy Chemistry (IPEC), Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Haojie Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Institute of Polymers and Energy Chemistry (IPEC), Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Xueting Wu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Institute of Polymers and Energy Chemistry (IPEC), Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Dong Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Institute of Polymers and Energy Chemistry (IPEC), Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang, 330031, China
- Institute of Advanced Scientific Research (iASR)/Key Lab of Fluorine and Silicon for Energy Materials and Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Avenue, Nanchang, 330022, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Hunan Key Laboratory for Super Microstructure and Ultrafast Process/School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Xiangchuan Meng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Institute of Polymers and Energy Chemistry (IPEC), Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Licheng Tan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Institute of Polymers and Energy Chemistry (IPEC), Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Xiaotian Hu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Institute of Polymers and Energy Chemistry (IPEC), Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang, 330031, China
- Yangtze Delta Institute of Optoelectronics, Peking University, No.60 Chongzhou Road, Nantong, 226010, China
| | - Yiwang Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Institute of Polymers and Energy Chemistry (IPEC), Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang, 330031, China
- Institute of Advanced Scientific Research (iASR)/Key Lab of Fluorine and Silicon for Energy Materials and Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Avenue, Nanchang, 330022, China
- Yangtze Delta Institute of Optoelectronics, Peking University, No.60 Chongzhou Road, Nantong, 226010, China
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39
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Zhao C, Huang H, Wang L, Zhang G, Lu G, Yu H, Lu G, Han Y, Qiu M, Li S, Zhang G. Efficient All-Polymer Solar Cells with Sequentially Processed Active Layers. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14102058. [PMID: 35631941 PMCID: PMC9144747 DOI: 10.3390/polym14102058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, we apply the sequential processing (SqP) method to address the relatively low electron mobility in recent all-polymer solar cells (all-PSCs) based on the polymerized small-molecule acceptor (PSMA). Compared to the blend-casting (BC) method, all-PSCs composed of PM6/PY-IT via the SqP method show boosted electron mobility and a more balanced charge carrier transport, which increases the FF of the SqP device and compensates for the short-circuit current loss, rendering comparable overall performance with the BC device. Through film-depth-dependent light absorption spectroscopy, we analyze the sub-layer absorption and exciton generation rate in the vertical direction of the device, and discuss the effect of the increased electron mobility on device performance, accordingly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoyue Zhao
- College of New Materials and New Energies, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China; (C.Z.); (H.H.); (L.W.); (G.Z.); (Y.H.); (M.Q.); (S.L.)
| | - Hui Huang
- College of New Materials and New Energies, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China; (C.Z.); (H.H.); (L.W.); (G.Z.); (Y.H.); (M.Q.); (S.L.)
| | - Lihong Wang
- College of New Materials and New Energies, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China; (C.Z.); (H.H.); (L.W.); (G.Z.); (Y.H.); (M.Q.); (S.L.)
| | - Guoping Zhang
- College of New Materials and New Energies, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China; (C.Z.); (H.H.); (L.W.); (G.Z.); (Y.H.); (M.Q.); (S.L.)
| | - Guanyu Lu
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710054, China; (G.L.); (G.L.)
| | - Han Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong 999077, China;
| | - Guanghao Lu
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710054, China; (G.L.); (G.L.)
| | - Yulai Han
- College of New Materials and New Energies, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China; (C.Z.); (H.H.); (L.W.); (G.Z.); (Y.H.); (M.Q.); (S.L.)
| | - Mingxia Qiu
- College of New Materials and New Energies, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China; (C.Z.); (H.H.); (L.W.); (G.Z.); (Y.H.); (M.Q.); (S.L.)
| | - Shunpu Li
- College of New Materials and New Energies, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China; (C.Z.); (H.H.); (L.W.); (G.Z.); (Y.H.); (M.Q.); (S.L.)
| | - Guangye Zhang
- College of New Materials and New Energies, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China; (C.Z.); (H.H.); (L.W.); (G.Z.); (Y.H.); (M.Q.); (S.L.)
- Correspondence:
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40
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Vertically optimized phase separation with improved exciton diffusion enables efficient organic solar cells with thick active layers. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2369. [PMID: 35501300 PMCID: PMC9061803 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29803-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of organic solar cells (OSCs) with thick active layers is of crucial importance for the roll-to-roll printing of large-area solar panels. Unfortunately, increasing the active layer thickness usually results in a significant reduction in efficiency. Herein, we fabricated efficient thick-film OSCs with an active layer consisting of one polymer donor and two non-fullerene acceptors. The two acceptors were found to possess enlarged exciton diffusion length in the mixed phase, which is beneficial to exciton generation and dissociation. Additionally, layer by layer approach was employed to optimize the vertical phase separation. Benefiting from the synergetic effects of enlarged exciton diffusion length and graded vertical phase separation, an efficiency of 17.31% (certified value of 16.9%) is obtained for the 300 nm-thick OSC, with a short-circuit current density of 28.36 mA cm−2, and a high fill factor of 73.0%. Moreover, the device with an active layer thickness of 500 nm also shows an efficiency of 15.21%. This work provides valuable insights into the fabrication of OSCs with thick active layers. Exciton diffusion length and graded vertical phase separation of the active layer play a critical role in the realization of high-performance thick-film organic solar cells (OSCs). Here, authors demonstrated OSCs with an efficiency of 17.31%, with an active layer thickness of around 300 nm.
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41
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He X, Chan CCS, Kim J, Liu H, Su CJ, Jeng US, Su H, Lu X, Wong KS, Choy WCH. 1-Chloronaphthalene-Induced Donor/Acceptor Vertical Distribution and Carrier Dynamics Changes in Nonfullerene Organic Solar Cells and the Governed Mechanism. SMALL METHODS 2022; 6:e2101475. [PMID: 35064775 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202101475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 12/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Electron donors and acceptors in organic solar cells (OSCs) shall strike a favorable vertical phase separation that acceptors and donors have sufficient contact and gradient accumulation near the cathodes and anodes, respectively. Random mixing of donors/acceptors at surface will result in charge accumulation and severe recombination for low carrier-mobility organic materials. However, it is challenging to tune the vertical distribution in bulk-heterojunction films as they are usually made from a well-mixed donor/acceptor solution. Here, for the first time, it presents with solid evidence that the commonly used 1-chloronaphthalene (CN) additive can tune the donor/acceptor vertical distribution and establish the mechanism. Different from the previous understanding that ascribed the efficiency enhancement brought by CN to the improved molecular stacking/crystallization, it is revealed that the induced vertical distribution is the dominant factor leading to the significantly increased performance. Importantly, the vertical distribution tunability is effective in various hot nonfullerene OSC systems and creates more channels for the collection of dissociated carriers at corresponding organic/electrode interfaces, which contributes the high efficiency of 18.29%. This study of the material vertical distribution and its correlation with molecular stacking offers methods for additives selection and provides insights for the understanding and construction of high-performance OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinjun He
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Christopher C S Chan
- Department of Physics and William Mong Institute of Nano Science and Technology, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jinwook Kim
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Heng Liu
- Department of Physics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chun-Jen Su
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu Science Park, Hsinchu, 30076, Taiwan
| | - U-Ser Jeng
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu Science Park, Hsinchu, 30076, Taiwan
| | - Haibin Su
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xinhui Lu
- Department of Physics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kam Sing Wong
- Department of Physics and William Mong Institute of Nano Science and Technology, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wallace C H Choy
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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42
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Qin S, Lu C, Jia Z, Wang Y, Li S, Lai W, Shi P, Wang R, Zhu C, Du J, Zhang J, Meng L, Li Y. Constructing Monolithic Perovskite/Organic Tandem Solar Cell with Efficiency of 22.0% via Reduced Open-Circuit Voltage Loss and Broadened Absorption Spectra. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2108829. [PMID: 35048434 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202108829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Combining the high stability under UV light of the wide bandgap (WBG) perovskite solar cells (pero-SCs) and the broad near-infrared absorption spectra of the narrow bandgap (NBG) organic solar cells (OSCs), the perovskite/organic tandem solar cells (TSCs) with the WBG pero-SC as front cell and the NBG OSC as rear cell have attracted attention . However, the photovoltaic performance of the perovskite/organic TSCs needs to be further improved. Herein, nonradiative charge recombination loss is reduced through bulk defect passivation in the WBG pero-SC front subcell and broadening the range of absorption spectra of the NBG OSC rear cell. For the WBG pero-SCs, an organic cation chloro-formamidinium is introduced into FA0.6 MA0.4 Pb(I0.6 Br0.4 )3 to passivate the bulk defects in the perovskite film and the WBG pero-SC displays high open-circuit voltage of 1.25 V and high fill factor of 83.0%. For the NBG OSCs, a new infrared-absorbing organic small molecule acceptor BTPV-4Cl-eC9 is designed and synthesized. Then, a monolithic perovskite/organic TSC is fabricated with the WBG pero-SC as the front cell and the NBG OSC as the rear cell, and the TSC demonstrates high power conversion efficiency up to 22.0%. The results indicate that the perovskite/organic TSC is promising for future commercialization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shucheng Qin
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemical Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Chenxing Lu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemical Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhenrong Jia
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemical Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yiyang Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemical Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310024, China
| | - Siguang Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemical Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Wenbin Lai
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemical Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Pengju Shi
- School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310024, China
| | - Rui Wang
- School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310024, China
| | - Can Zhu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemical Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jiaqi Du
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemical Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jinyuan Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemical Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Lei Meng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemical Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yongfang Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemical Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Novel Semiconductor-optoelectronics Materials and Devices, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
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Qin J, Yang Q, Oh J, Chen S, Odunmbaku GO, Ouedraogo NAN, Yang C, Sun K, Lu S. Volatile Solid Additive-Assisted Sequential Deposition Enables 18.42% Efficiency in Organic Solar Cells. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2105347. [PMID: 35072347 PMCID: PMC8948555 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202105347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Morphology optimization of active layer plays a critical role in improving the performance of organic solar cells (OSCs). In this work, a volatile solid additive-assisted sequential deposition (SD) strategy is reported to regulate the molecular order and phase separation in solid state. The OSC adopts polymer donor D18-Cl and acceptor N3 as active layer, as well as 1,4-diiodobenzene (DIB) as volatile additive. Compared to the D18-Cl:N3 (one-time deposition of mixture) and D18-Cl/N3 (SD) platforms, the D18-Cl/N3(DIB) device based on DIB-assisted SD method exhibits a finer phase separation with greatly enhanced molecular crystallinity. The optimal morphology delivers superior charge transport and extraction, offering a champion power conversion efficiency of 18.42% with significantly enhanced short-circuit current density (Jsc ) of 27.18 mA cm-2 and fill factor of 78.8%. This is one of the best performances in binary SD OSCs to date. Angle-dependent grazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering technique effectively reveals the vertical phase separation and molecular crystallinity of the active layer. This work demonstrates the combination of volatile solid additive and sequential deposition is an effective method to develop high-performance OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianqiang Qin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Low‐Grade Energy Utilization Technologies and SystemsSchool of Energy & Power EngineeringChongqing UniversityChongqing400044P. R. China
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesChongqing400714P. R. China
| | - Qianguang Yang
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesChongqing400714P. R. China
| | - Jiyeon Oh
- Department of Energy EngineeringSchool of Energy and Chemical EngineeringPerovtronics Research CenterLow Dimensional Carbon Materials CenterUlsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST)Ulsan44919Republic of Korea
| | - Shanshan Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Low‐Grade Energy Utilization Technologies and SystemsSchool of Energy & Power EngineeringChongqing UniversityChongqing400044P. R. China
| | - George Omololu Odunmbaku
- MOE Key Laboratory of Low‐Grade Energy Utilization Technologies and SystemsSchool of Energy & Power EngineeringChongqing UniversityChongqing400044P. R. China
| | - Nabonswendé Aïda Nadège Ouedraogo
- MOE Key Laboratory of Low‐Grade Energy Utilization Technologies and SystemsSchool of Energy & Power EngineeringChongqing UniversityChongqing400044P. R. China
| | - Changduk Yang
- Department of Energy EngineeringSchool of Energy and Chemical EngineeringPerovtronics Research CenterLow Dimensional Carbon Materials CenterUlsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST)Ulsan44919Republic of Korea
| | - Kuan Sun
- MOE Key Laboratory of Low‐Grade Energy Utilization Technologies and SystemsSchool of Energy & Power EngineeringChongqing UniversityChongqing400044P. R. China
| | - Shirong Lu
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesChongqing400714P. R. China
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44
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Li S, Chen Y, Li Z, Zhang J, Chen J, Geng Y, Su Z. Theoretical design and characterization of new terpolymer donors based on PTB7Ir for high-efficiency triplet-material-based organic photovoltaics. RSC Adv 2022; 12:8578-8587. [PMID: 35424787 PMCID: PMC8985101 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra00033d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In the current work, eleven terpolymer donors with different electron-withdrawing groups were designed and investigated based on the reported PTB7Ir to screen outstanding donors for triplet-material-based organic photovoltaics (T-OPVs). Geometry structures, frontier molecular orbital energy levels, energy driving forces (ΔEL–L), absorption spectra, energy differences between S1 and T1 states (ΔEST), and driving forces of the triplet charge recombination (−ΔGCRT) of PTB7Ir and designed 1–11 systems were evaluated by DFT and TD-DFT methods to estimate the light absorption abilities and the charge transfer dynamics. The results show that designed 5, 8, 10 and 11 possess larger spin–orbit couplings (SOC) affinity and smaller ΔEST and −ΔGCRT values, which could effectively suppress the triplet charge recombination process at the donor/acceptor interface. Excitingly, the designed terpolymer 10 presents enhanced light absorption, revealing that it will be a promising donor candidate for high-performance T-OPV devices. Moreover, the results can provide theoretical guidelines to predict new terpolymer donors of T-OPVs. Compared with PTB7Ir, the designed terpolymer 10 will be a promising donor candidate for high-performance T-OPVs.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangbao Li
- School of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology, Jilin, 132022, P. R. China
| | - Yang Chen
- School of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology, Jilin, 132022, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Li
- School of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology, Jilin, 132022, P. R. China
| | - Jianpo Zhang
- School of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology, Jilin, 132022, P. R. China
| | - Jie Chen
- School of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology, Jilin, 132022, P. R. China
| | - Yun Geng
- Institute of Functional Material Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, P. R. China
| | - Zhongmin Su
- Institute of Functional Material Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
- Jilin Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Center of Optical Materials and Chemistry, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
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45
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Peng Z, Xian K, Cui Y, Qi Q, Liu J, Xu Y, Chai Y, Yang C, Hou J, Geng Y, Ye L. Thermoplastic Elastomer Tunes Phase Structure and Promotes Stretchability of High-Efficiency Organic Solar Cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2106732. [PMID: 34636085 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202106732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Top-performance organic solar cells (OSCs) consisting of conjugated polymer donors and nonfullerene small molecule acceptors (NF-SMAs) deliver rapid increases in efficiencies. Nevertheless, many of the polymer donors exhibit high stiffness and small molecule acceptors are very brittle, which limit their applications in wearable devices. Here, a simple and effective strategy is reported to improve the stretchability and reduce the stiffness of high-efficiency polymer:NF-SMA blends and simultaneously maintain the high efficiency by incorporating a low-cost commercial thermoplastic elastomer, polystyrene-block-poly(ethylene-ran-butylene)-block-polystyrene (SEBS). The microstructure, mechanical properties, and photovoltaic performance of PM6:N3 with varied SEBS contents and the molecular weight dependence of SEBS on microstructure and mechanical properties are thoroughly characterized. This strategy for mechanical performance improvement exhibits excellent applicability in some other OSC blend systems, e.g., PBQx-TF:eC9-2Cl and PBDB-T:ITIC. More crucially, the elastic modulus of such complex ternary blends can be nicely predicted by a mechanical model. Therefore, incorporating thermoplastic elastomers is a widely applicable and cost-effective strategy to improve mechanical properties of nonfullerene OSCs and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongxiang Peng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Optics, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130033, China
| | - Kaihu Xian
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Yong Cui
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Qingchun Qi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Junwei Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Optics, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130033, China
| | - Ye Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Yubo Chai
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Chunming Yang
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201204, China
| | - Jianhui Hou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Yanhou Geng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou, 350207, China
| | - Long Ye
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Optics, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130033, China
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46
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Li D, Guo C, Zhang X, Du B, Yu C, Wang P, Cheng S, Wang L, Cai J, Wang H, Liu D, Yao H, Sun Y, Hou J, Wang T. Non-fullerene acceptor pre-aggregates enable high efficiency pseudo-bulk heterojunction organic solar cells. Sci China Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-021-1128-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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47
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Yu R, Wu G, Cui Y, Wei X, Hong L, Zhang T, Zou C, Hu S, Hou J, Tan Z. Multi-Functional Solid Additive Induced Favorable Vertical Phase Separation and Ordered Molecular Packing for Highly Efficient Layer-by-Layer Organic Solar Cells. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2103497. [PMID: 34622540 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202103497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Layer-by-layer (LBL) deposition strategy enabling favorable vertical phase distributions has been regarded as promising candidates for constructing high-efficient organic photovoltaic (OPV) cells. However, solid additives with the merits of good stability and reproducibility have been rarely used to fine-tune the morphology of the LBL films for improved efficiency and stability. Herein, hierarchical morphology control in LBL OPV is achieved via a dual functional solid additive. Series of LBL devices are fabricated by introducing the solid additive individually or simultaneously to the donor or acceptor layer to clarify the functions of additives. Additive in the donor layer can facilitate the formation of preferable vertical component distribution, and that in the acceptor layer will enhance the molecular crystallinity for better charge transport properties. The optimized morphology ultimately contributed to high PCEs of 16.4% and 17.4% in the binary and quaternary LBL devices. This reported method provides an alternative way to controllably manipulate the morphology of LBL OPV cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runnan Yu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Guangzheng Wu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yong Cui
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Xueqi Wei
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Ling Hong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Chao Zou
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Siqian Hu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China
| | - Jianhui Hou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Zhan'ao Tan
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
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48
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Hong L, Yao H, Cui Y, Bi P, Zhang T, Cheng Y, Zu Y, Qin J, Yu R, Ge Z, Hou J. 18.5% Efficiency Organic Solar Cells with a Hybrid Planar/Bulk Heterojunction. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2103091. [PMID: 34510580 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202103091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The donor:acceptor heterojunction has proved as the most successful approach to split strongly bound excitons in organic solar cells (OSCs). Establishing an ideal architecture with selective carrier transport and suppressed recombination is of great importance to improve the photovoltaic efficiency while remains a challenge. Herein, via tailoring a hybrid planar/bulk structure, highly efficient OSCs with reduced energy losses (Eloss s) are fabricated. A p-type benzodithiophene-thiophene alternating polymer and an n-type naphthalene imide are inserted on both sides of a mixed donor:acceptor active layer to construct the hybrid heterojunction, respectively. The tailored structure with the donor near the anode and the acceptor near the cathode is beneficial for obtaining enhanced charge transport, extraction, and suppressed charge recombination. As a result, the photovoltaic characterizations suggest a reduced nonradiative Eloss by 25 meV, and the best OSC records a high efficiency of 18.5% (certified as 18.2%). This study highlights that precisely regulating the structure of donor:acceptor heterojunction has the potential to further improve the efficiencies of OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
| | - Huifeng Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Yong Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Pengqing Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Tao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yongxin Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Yunfei Zu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jinzhao Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Runnan Yu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Ziyi Ge
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
| | - Jianhui Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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49
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Armstrong ZT, Kunz MB, Zanni MT. Ultrafast Fluctuations in PM6 Domains of Binary and Ternary Organic Photovoltaic Thin Films Probed with Two-Dimensional White-Light Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:8972-8979. [PMID: 34506148 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c02234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We present two-dimensional white-light spectroscopy (2DWL) measurements of binary and ternary bulk heterojunctions of the polymer donor PM6 mixed with state-of-the-art nonfullerene acceptors Y6 or IT4F. The ternary film has a shorter lifetime and faster spectral diffusion than either of the binary films. 2D line shape analysis of the PM6 ground state bleach with a Kubo model determines that all three films have similar amplitudes of fluctuations (Δ = 0.29 fs-1) in their transition frequencies, but different relaxation times (ranging from 102 to 24 fs). The ternary film exhibits faster dynamics than either of the binary films. The short lifetime of the ternary blend is consistent with increased photoexcitation transfer and the fast frequency fluctuations are consistent with structural dynamics of aliphatic side chains. These results suggest that the femtosecond fluctuations of PM6 are impacted by the choice of the acceptor molecules. We hypothesize that those dynamics are either indicative, or perhaps the initial source, of structural dynamics that ultimately contribute to solar cell operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary T Armstrong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Miriam Bohlmann Kunz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Martin T Zanni
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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50
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Lin Y, Magomedov A, Firdaus Y, Kaltsas D, El-Labban A, Faber H, Naphade DR, Yengel E, Zheng X, Yarali E, Chaturvedi N, Loganathan K, Gkeka D, AlShammari SH, Bakr OM, Laquai F, Tsetseris L, Getautis V, Anthopoulos TD. 18.4 % Organic Solar Cells Using a High Ionization Energy Self-Assembled Monolayer as Hole-Extraction Interlayer. CHEMSUSCHEM 2021; 14:3569-3578. [PMID: 33928763 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202100707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) based on Br-2PACz ([2-(3,6-dibromo-9H-carbazol-9-yl)ethyl]phosphonic acid) 2PACz ([2-(9H-Carbazol-9-yl)ethyl]phosphonic acid) and MeO-2PACz ([2-(3,6-dimethoxy-9H-carbazol-9-yl)ethyl]phosphonic acid) molecules were investigated as hole-extracting interlayers in organic photovoltaics (OPVs). The highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energies of these SAMs were measured at -6.01 and -5.30 eV for Br-2PACz and MeO-2PACz, respectively, and found to induce significant changes in the work function (WF) of indium-tin-oxide (ITO) electrodes upon chemical functionalization. OPV cells based on PM6 (poly[(2,6-(4,8-bis(5-(2-ethylhexyl-3-fluoro)thiophen-2-yl)-benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene))-alt-(5,5-(1',3'-di-2-thienyl-5',7'-bis(2-ethylhexyl)benzo[1',2'-c:4',5'-c']dithiophene-4,8-dione)]) : BTP-eC9 : PC71 BM ([6,6]-phenyl-C71-butyric acid methyl ester) using ITO/Br-2PACz anodes exhibited a maximum power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 18.4 %, outperforming devices with ITO/MeO-2PACz (14.5 %) and ITO/poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT : PSS) (17.5 %). The higher PCE was found to originate from the much higher WF of ITO/Br-2PACz (-5.81 eV) compared to ITO/MeO-2PACz (4.58 eV) and ITO/PEDOT : PSS (4.9 eV), resulting in lower interface resistance, improved hole transport/extraction, lower trap-assisted recombination, and longer carrier lifetimes. Importantly, the ITO/Br-2PACz electrode was chemically stable, and after removal of the SAM it could be recycled and reused to construct fresh OPVs with equally impressive performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanbao Lin
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), 23955, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Artiom Magomedov
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Kaunas University of Technology, LT-50254, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Yuliar Firdaus
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), 23955, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
- Research Center for Electronics and Telecommunication, Indonesian Institute of Science, Jalan Sangkuriang Komplek LIPI Building 20 level 4, 40135, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Dimitris Kaltsas
- Department of Physics, National Technical University of Athens, GR-15780, Athens, Greece
| | - Abdulrahman El-Labban
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), 23955, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hendrik Faber
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), 23955, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dipti R Naphade
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), 23955, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Emre Yengel
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), 23955, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Xiaopeng Zheng
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Physical Science and Engineering Division (PSE), 23955, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Emre Yarali
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), 23955, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Neha Chaturvedi
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), 23955, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kalaivanan Loganathan
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), 23955, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Despoina Gkeka
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), 23955, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sanaa H AlShammari
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), 23955, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Osman M Bakr
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Physical Science and Engineering Division (PSE), 23955, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Frédéric Laquai
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), 23955, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Leonidas Tsetseris
- Department of Physics, National Technical University of Athens, GR-15780, Athens, Greece
| | - Vytautas Getautis
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Kaunas University of Technology, LT-50254, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Thomas D Anthopoulos
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), 23955, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
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