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Zenna O, Younis SA, Hamed S, Zaki T, Makki S. Establishing an affordable solar-floating Fe 2O 3@A 1-xR x-TiO 2 photo-Fenton catalytic system through the cyclic utilization of iron waste to de-pollute textile water contamination. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 366:121863. [PMID: 39033618 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.121863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 07/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
This study focuses on developing a cost-effective Fe2O3 catalyst from oilfield iron waste to create a floating heterogeneous photo-Fenton system with anatase/rutile(A/R) TiO2 heterophase photocatalyst (cork-Fe2O3@A1-xRx-TiO2) for treating textile pollution in sunlight. Through controlling sol-gel (SG) microwave heating technique, the A/R ratio of A1-xRx-TiO2 crystal is tuned (A/R ratio = 1.13 and Eg = 3.02 eV) to improve adsorption-photocatalytic removal of anionic/cationic dyes with an apparent kinetic rate (kapp) of 0.0074 min-1 under UV-visible irradiation. The developed cork-Fe2O3@A53.1R46.8-TiO2 floated system also outperforms the classical photo-Fenton with Fe/H2O2 benchmark, showing a 2-fold enhancement in textile dye degradation (kapp = 0.216 min-1 and space-time yield (SY) of 1.7*10-4 mol/E.g at pH 5.65) with high stability over four reuse cycles. The formation of Fe2O3@A53.1R46.8-TiO2 Type-II heterojunction is confirmed by optical and electrochemical analyses, allowing the acceleration of direct electron transfer mechanism and oxidative degradation of dyes during photo-Fenton reaction. As a case study, the cork-Fe2O3@A53.1R46.8-TiO2 system demonstrates a high capability for efficient mineralization of textile pollution in a real effluent, achieving 82 ± 2% reduction in the total organic contents at an operational cost of 2.61 $/kg.m3 in sunlight. Thus, this research addresses challenges in conventional Fenton chemistry, iron waste recycling, and catalyst retention, offering new insights for sustainable treatment of textile effluents and environmental protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omnia Zenna
- Physics Department, Faculty of Women for Arts, Science, and Education, Ain Shams University, PO Box, 11757, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sherif A Younis
- Analysis and Evaluation Department, Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute, Nasr City, Cairo, 11727, Egypt.
| | - Sawsan Hamed
- Physics Department, Faculty of Women for Arts, Science, and Education, Ain Shams University, PO Box, 11757, Cairo, Egypt
| | - T Zaki
- Catalysis Department, Petroleum Refining Division, Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute, Nasr City, Cairo, 11727, Egypt
| | - Safaa Makki
- Physics Department, Faculty of Women for Arts, Science, and Education, Ain Shams University, PO Box, 11757, Cairo, Egypt
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2
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Xia B, Du J, Li M, Duan J, Chen S. Pseudo-Jahn-Teller Effect Breaks the pH Dependence in Two-Electron Oxygen Electroreduction. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2401641. [PMID: 39032092 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202401641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/22/2024]
Abstract
The hydrogenation of small molecules (like O2 and CO2) often exhibits strong activity dependence on pHs because of discrepant proton donor environments. However, some catalysts can show seldom dependence on two-electron oxygen electroreduction, a sustainable route of O2 hydrogenation to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). In this work, a pH-resistant oxygen electroreduction system arising from the pseudo-Jahn-Teller effect is demonstrated. Thorough operando Raman spectra, local environment analyses and density function theory simulations, the lattice distortion of TiOxFy that introduces the pseudo-Jahn-Teller effect contributing to regulating local pHs at electrode-electrolyte interfaces and the absorption/desorption of key *OOH intermediate is revealed. Consequently, as comparison to 78.6% activity attenuation for common catalyst, the TiOxFy displays minor activity decay (3.2%) in the pH range of 1-13 with remarkable Faradaic efficiencies (93.4-96.4%) and H2O2 yield rates (595-614 mg cm-2 h-1) in the current densities of 100-1000 mA cm-2. Further techno-economics analyses display the H2O2 production cost dependent on pHs, giving the lowest H2O2 price of $0.37 kg-1. The present finding is expected to provide an additional dimension to pseudo-Jahn-Teller effect that leverages systems beyond traditional conception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baokai Xia
- Key Laboratory for Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Jiale Du
- Key Laboratory for Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Ming Li
- Key Laboratory for Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Jingjing Duan
- Key Laboratory for Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Sheng Chen
- Key Laboratory for Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
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Seriani N, Delcompare-Rodriguez P, Pandey D, Adak AK, Mahamiya V, Pinilla C, El-Khozondar HJ. Quantitative Analysis of the Synergy of Doping and Nanostructuring of Oxide Photocatalysts. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:3460. [PMID: 39063753 PMCID: PMC11278242 DOI: 10.3390/ma17143460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
In this paper, the effect of doping and nanostructuring on the electrostatic potential across the electrochemical interface between a transition metal oxide and a water electrolyte is investigated by means of the Poisson-Boltzmann model. For spherical nanoparticles and nanorods, compact expressions for the limiting potentials at which the space charge layer includes the whole semiconductor are reported. We provide a quantitative analysis of the distribution of the potential drop between the solid and the liquid and show that the relative importance changes with doping. It is usually assumed that high doping improves charge dynamics in the semiconductor but reduces the width of the space charge layer. However, nanostructuring counterbalances the latter negative effect; we show quantitatively that in highly doped nanoparticles the space charge layer can occupy a similar volume fraction as in low-doped microparticles. Moreover, as shown by some recent experiments, under conditions of high doping the electric fields in the Helmholtz layer can be as high as 100 mV/Å, comparable to electric fields inducing freezing in water. This work provides a systematic quantitative framework for understanding the effects of doping and nanostructuring on electrochemical interfaces, and suggests that it is necessary to better characterize the interface at the atomistic level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Seriani
- The Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics, Strada Costiera 11, 34151 Trieste, Italy (A.K.A.)
| | - Paola Delcompare-Rodriguez
- Istituto Officina dei Materiali, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR-IOM), Via Bonomea 265, 34136 Trieste, Italy
| | - Dhanshree Pandey
- The Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics, Strada Costiera 11, 34151 Trieste, Italy (A.K.A.)
| | - Abhishek Kumar Adak
- The Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics, Strada Costiera 11, 34151 Trieste, Italy (A.K.A.)
| | - Vikram Mahamiya
- The Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics, Strada Costiera 11, 34151 Trieste, Italy (A.K.A.)
| | - Carlos Pinilla
- Departamento de Fisica y Geociencias, Universidad del Norte, Km 5, Via Puerto Colombia, Barranquilla 080020, Colombia
| | - Hala J. El-Khozondar
- Electrical Engineering and Smart Systems Department, Faculty of Engineering, Islamic University of Gaza, Gaza P.O. Box 108, Palestine
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Yang H, Deng H, Liang P, Ma X, Yin J, Jiang L, Chen Y, Shi S, Liu H, Ma X, Li Y, Xiong Y. Photocatalytic Reduction of Perrhenate and Pertechnetate in a Strongly Acidic Aqueous Solution. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:12237-12248. [PMID: 38934294 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c02511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Pertechnetate (99TcO4-), a physiologically toxic radioactive anion, is of great concern due to its high mobility in environmental contamination remediation. Although the soluble oxyanion can be photoreduced to sparingly soluble TcO2·nH2O, its effective removal from a strongly acidic aqueous solution remains a challenge. Here, we found that low-crystalline nitrogen-doped titanium oxide (N-TiO2, 0.6 g L-1) could effectively uptake perrhenate (ReO4-, 10 mg L-1, a nonradioactive surrogate for TcO4-) with 50.8% during 360 min under simulated sunlight irradiation at pH 1.0, but P25 and anatase could not. The nitrogen active center formed by trace nitrogen doping in N-TiO2 can promote the separation and transfer of photogenerated carriers. The positive valence band value of N-TiO2 is slightly higher than those of P25 and anatase, which means that the photogenerated holes have a stronger oxidizability. These holes are involved in the formation of strong reducing •CO2- radicals from formic acid oxidation. The active radicals convert ReO4- to Re(VI), which is subsequently disproportionated to Re(IV) and Re(VII). Effective photocatalytic reduction/removal of Re(VII)/Tc(VII) is performed on the material, which may be considered a potential and convenient strategy for technetium decontamination and extraction in a strongly acidic aqueous solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials, School of Materials and Chemistry, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, P. R. China
| | - Hao Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials, School of Materials and Chemistry, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, P. R. China
| | - Pengliang Liang
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Environmental Simulation and Evaluation Technology, China Institute for Radiation Protection, Taiyuan 030006, P. R. China
| | - XianJin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials, School of Materials and Chemistry, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, P. R. China
| | - Jing Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials, School of Materials and Chemistry, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, P. R. China
| | - Long Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials, School of Materials and Chemistry, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, P. R. China
| | - Yanyan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials, School of Materials and Chemistry, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, P. R. China
| | - Shuying Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials, School of Materials and Chemistry, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, P. R. China
| | - Huiqiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials, School of Materials and Chemistry, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, P. R. China
| | - Xue Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials, School of Materials and Chemistry, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, P. R. China
| | - Yuxiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials, School of Materials and Chemistry, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, P. R. China
| | - Ying Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials, School of Materials and Chemistry, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, P. R. China
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Tian Z, Xu D, Yang S, Wang B, Zhang Z. Highly ordered nanocavity as photonic-plasmonic-polaritonic resonator for single molecule miRNA SERS detection. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 254:116231. [PMID: 38513540 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2024.116231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Strong light-matter coupling between molecules and electromagnetic field lead to the formation of hybrid polaritonic states for surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) detection. However, owing to the inefficient interaction between zero-point fluctuations of photons/plasmons and molecular electronic transitions, the Raman enhancement is limited in relative low levels. Here, we propose and fabricate a TiOx/Cu2-xSe/R6G nanocavity based photonic-plasmonic-polaritonic resonator for single molecular SERS detection. Through precisely matching the energy levels of illuminated photon, generated plasmon, and molecular polariton, an extremely high Raman enhancement factor of 2.6 × 109 is implemented. The rationally designed SERS substrate allows sensitive detection of miRNA-21 in single molecular level with a detection limit of 1.58 aM. The hybrid SERS mechanism both from electromagnetic and chemical perspectives in this photonic-plasmonic-polaritonic resonance strategy provides insight into polaritonic semiconductor systems, thus paving the way for new experimental possibilities in light-matter hybrids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular & Process Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Dawei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular & Process Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Shenbo Yang
- Hongzhiwei Technology (Shanghai) CO.LTD., 1599 Xinjinqiao Road, Pudong, Shanghai, China
| | - Bing Wang
- Department of Oncological Surgery, Minhang Branch, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Zhonghai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular & Process Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China; Institute of Eco-Chongming, East China Normal University, 20 Cuiniao Road, Chongming District, Shanghai, 202162, China.
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6
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Jain A, Kumar M. Sketching Precursor Evolution to Delineate Growth Pathways for Anatase (TiO 2) Crystal Design. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2309100. [PMID: 38193261 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202309100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Engineering advanced functional materials such as Anatase crystals through the molecular tuning of crystal facets is the current enigma of interest pertinent to solving the structure-property-performance triad. Developing optimal shapes and sizes of crystallite necessitates exploring the nanoscopic growth mechanism via precursor tracking. Here, the tapestry of particles varying in dimensionality (0D-3D), sizes (8-3000 nm), and morphology (aggregated to highly faceted crystals) is generated. To decipher and subsequently modulate the crystallization pathways, high-resolution microscopy (high-resolution transmission electron microscopy(HRTEM) and field emission scanning electron microscopy(FESEM)) is used to sketch time-stamped particle evolution. Interestingly, the studies provide evidence for 4-distinct mechanisms where nanoparticles/nanosheets play direct and/or indirect roles in crystallization through multi-stage aggregation (primary, secondary, and tertiary) beginning with similar growth solutions. The four distinct pathways elucidate bulk particle formation via non-classical routes of crystallization including nanosheet alignment and aggregation, nanocrystallite formation and fusion, nanobeads formation and attachment, and direct nanosheet incorporation in bulk crystals. Notably, the direct evidence of flexible-partially-ordered nanosheets being subsumed along the contours of bulk crystals is captured. These novel syntheses generated uniquely faceted particles with high-indexed surface planes such as (004), (200), and (105), amenable to photocatalytic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anusha Jain
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Manjesh Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India
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Zhao J, Yu H, Yang R, Tan F, Zhou Z, Yan W, Zhang Q, Mei L, Zhou J, Tan C, Zeng Z. Customization of Manganese Oxide Cathodes via Precise Electrochemical Lithium-Ion Intercalation for Diverse Zinc-Ion Batteries. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2401258. [PMID: 38794878 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202401258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Manganese oxide-based aqueous zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs) are attractive energy storage devices, owing to their good safety, low cost, and ecofriendly features. However, various critical issues, including poor conductivity, sluggish reaction kinetics, and unstable structure still restrict their further development. Oxygen defect engineering is an effective strategy to improve the electrochemical performance of manganese oxides, but challenging in the accurate regulation of oxygen defects. In this work, an effective and controllable defect engineering strategy-controllable electrochemical lithium-ion intercalation - is proposed to tackle this issue. The incorporation of lithium ions and oxygen defects can promote the conductivity, lattice spacing, and structural stability of Mn2O3 (MO), thus improving its capacity (232.7 mAh g-1), rate performance, and long-term cycling stability (99.0% capacity retention after 3000 cycles). Interestingly, the optimal ratio of intercalated lithium-ion varies at different temperature or mass-loading of MO, which provides the possibility to customize diverse ZIBs to meet different application conditions. In addition, the fabricated ZIBs present good flexibility, superior safety, and admirable adaptability under extreme temperatures (-20-100 °C). This work provides an inspiration on the structural customization of metal oxide nanomaterials for diverse ZIBs, and sheds light on the construction of future portable electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangqi Zhao
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Haojie Yu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Ruijie Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Feipeng Tan
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Zhan Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Function-Oriented Porous Materials, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang, 471934, China
| | - Weibin Yan
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Qingyong Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Liang Mei
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Jiang Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Electronic Packaging and Advanced Functional Materials, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410083, China
| | - Chaoliang Tan
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Zhiyuan Zeng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518057, China
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Das D, Shyam S. Reduced Work Function in Anatase ⟨101⟩ TiO 2 Films Self-Doped by O-Vacancy-Dependent Ti 3+ Bonds Controlling the Photocatalytic Dye Degradation Performance. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:10502-10517. [PMID: 38711250 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c00028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
TiO2 has the proven capability of catalytically decomposing pollutants under light illumination, thereby embracing potential applications in wastewater management. The photocatalytic dye degradation activity is largely controlled by the optical band gap that dictates the extent of electron-hole pair generation via photon absorption, and the recombination kinetics of charges. In this context, the material's work function governs how easily the charge carriers can be transferred at the dye-adsorbed photocatalytically active sites. Accordingly, nanocrystalline TiO2 thin films are grown in the anatase phase with ⟨101⟩ orientation, using RF magnetron sputtering at 200 °C. Besides studying the film's structural morphology, optical band gap, and elemental composition, the electronic properties are extensively investigated. The work function of the material was controlled by varying the O-vacancy-dependent Ti3+ bonding configuration in the network. It has been demonstrated how the photocatalytic methylene blue dye degradation activity of the nanocrystalline TiO2 films of predominantly the anatase phase improves on reducing the sputtering pressure during deposition. At a low deposition pressure of 20 mTorr, a low work function of ∼4.2 eV of the film, resulting from the formation of a Ti3+-bond through the O vacancies in the network, potentially increases its carrier lifetime and delivers the superior photocatalytic activity (∼82.7% dye degradation with a rate constant of k ∼ 0.0073 min-1) via silently facilitating fast electron transfer from the photocatalyst to the dye in the aqueous solution. The higher stoichiometric film prepared at p = 40 mTorr exhibits an inferior photocatalytic activity (∼20.4% dye degradation with a rate constant of k ∼ 0.0009 min-1), as retarded by its higher work function of ∼4.62 eV, despite retaining a relatively low band gap. Thus, without using any heterojunction or extrinsically doped photocatalyst, the dye degradation can be controlled simply by reducing the work function of nanocrystalline TiO2 thin films via controlling the O-vacancy-dependent Ti3+ bonding in its self-doped network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debajyoti Das
- Energy Research Unit, School of Materials Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700 032, India
| | - Sukalyan Shyam
- Energy Research Unit, School of Materials Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700 032, India
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Mesa CA, Sachs M, Pastor E, Gauriot N, Merryweather AJ, Gomez-Gonzalez MA, Ignatyev K, Giménez S, Rao A, Durrant JR, Pandya R. Correlating activities and defects in (photo)electrocatalysts using in-situ multi-modal microscopic imaging. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3908. [PMID: 38724495 PMCID: PMC11082147 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47870-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Photo(electro)catalysts use sunlight to drive chemical reactions such as water splitting. A major factor limiting photocatalyst development is physicochemical heterogeneity which leads to spatially dependent reactivity. To link structure and function in such systems, simultaneous probing of the electrochemical environment at microscopic length scales and a broad range of timescales (ns to s) is required. Here, we address this challenge by developing and applying in-situ (optical) microscopies to map and correlate local electrochemical activity, with hole lifetimes, oxygen vacancy concentrations and photoelectrode crystal structure. Using this multi-modal approach, we study prototypical hematite (α-Fe2O3) photoelectrodes. We demonstrate that regions of α-Fe2O3, adjacent to microstructural cracks have a better photoelectrochemical response and reduced back electron recombination due to an optimal oxygen vacancy concentration, with the film thickness and extended light exposure also influencing local activity. Our work highlights the importance of microscopic mapping to understand activity, in even seemingly homogeneous photoelectrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilo A Mesa
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London, W12 0BZ, United Kingdom
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM) Universitat Jaume I, 12006, Castelló, Spain
- Sociedad de Doctores e Investigadores de Colombia, Grupo de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ciencia Tecnología e Innovación - BioGRID, Bogotá, 111011, Colombia
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, UAB Campus, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Michael Sachs
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London, W12 0BZ, United Kingdom
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
- PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ernest Pastor
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM) Universitat Jaume I, 12006, Castelló, Spain
- CNRS, Univ Rennes, IPR (Institut de Physique de Rennes) - UMR 6251, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Nicolas Gauriot
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J.J. Thomson Avenue, CB3 0HE, Cambridge, UK
| | - Alice J Merryweather
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J.J. Thomson Avenue, CB3 0HE, Cambridge, UK
| | - Miguel A Gomez-Gonzalez
- Diamond Light Source Ltd., Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - Konstantin Ignatyev
- Diamond Light Source Ltd., Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - Sixto Giménez
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM) Universitat Jaume I, 12006, Castelló, Spain
| | - Akshay Rao
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J.J. Thomson Avenue, CB3 0HE, Cambridge, UK
| | - James R Durrant
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London, W12 0BZ, United Kingdom
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 7AX, United Kingdom
| | - Raj Pandya
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J.J. Thomson Avenue, CB3 0HE, Cambridge, UK.
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS-Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Collège de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75005, Paris, France.
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom.
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Zheng Q, Xu H, Yao Y, Dai J, Wang J, Hou W, Zhao L, Zou X, Zhan G, Wang R, Wang K, Zhang L. Cobalt Single-Atom Reverse Hydrogen Spillover for Efficient Electrochemical Water Dissociation and Dechlorination. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202401386. [PMID: 38488840 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202401386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Efficient water dissociation to atomic hydrogen (H*) with restrained recombination of H* is crucial for improving the H* utilization for electrochemical dechlorination, but is currently limited by the lack of feasible electrodes. Herein, we developed a monolithic single-atom electrode with Co single atoms anchored on the inherent oxide layer of titanium foam (Co1-TiOx/Ti), which can efficiently dissociate water into H* and simultaneously inhibit the recombination of H*, by taking advantage of the single-atom reverse hydrogen spillover effect. Experimental and theoretical calculations demonstrated that H* could be rapidly generated on the oxide layer of titanium foam, and then overflowed to the adjacent Co single atom for the reductive dechlorination. Using chloramphenicol as a proof-of-concept verification, the resulting Co1-TiOx/Ti monolithic electrode exhibited an unprecedented performance with almost 100 % dechlorination at -1.0 V, far superior to that of traditional indirect reduction-driven commercial Pd/C (52 %) and direct reduction-driven Co1-N-C (44 %). Moreover, its dechlorination rate constant of 1.64 h-1 was 4.3 and 8.6 times more active than those of Pd/C (0.38 h-1) and Co1-N-C (0.19 h-1), respectively. Our research sheds light on the rational design of hydrogen spillover-related electrocatalysts to simultaneously improve the H* generation, transfer, and utilization for environmental and energy applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zheng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, R. P., China
| | - Hengyue Xu
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, R. P., China
| | - Yancai Yao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, R. P., China
| | - Jie Dai
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, R. P., China
| | - Jiaxian Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, R. P., China
| | - Wei Hou
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, R. P., China
| | - Long Zhao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, R. P., China
| | - Xingyue Zou
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, R. P., China
| | - Guangming Zhan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, R. P., China
| | - Ruizhao Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, R. P., China
| | - Kaiyuan Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, R. P., China
| | - Lizhi Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, R. P., China
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11
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Ashie MD, Kumar D, Bastakoti BP. An Emerging Trend in the Synthesis of Iron Titanate Photocatalyst Toward Water Splitting. CHEM REC 2024; 24:e202400016. [PMID: 38775239 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202400016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Hydrogen gas is a prominent focus in pursuing renewable and clean alternative energy sources. The quest for maximizing hydrogen production yield involves the exploration of an ideal photocatalyst and the development of a simple, cost-effective technique for its generation. Iron titanate has garnered attention in this context due to its photocatalytic properties, affordability, and non-toxic nature. Over the years, different synthesis routes, different morphologies, and some modifications of iron titanate have been carried out to improve its photocatalytic performance by enhancing light absorption in the visible region, boosting charge carrier transfer, and decreasing recombination of electrons and holes. The use of iron titanate photocatalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction has seen an upward trend in recent times, and based on available findings, more can be done to improve the performance. This review paper provides a comprehensive overview of the fundamental principles of photocatalysis for hydrogen generation, encompassing the synthesis, morphology, and application of iron titanate-based photocatalysts. The discussion delves into the limitations of current methodologies and present and future perspectives for advancing iron titanate photocatalysts. By addressing these limitations and contemplating future directions, the aim is to enhance the properties of materials fabricated for photocatalytic water splitting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moses D Ashie
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, 1601 E. Market St, Greensboro, NC-27411, USA
| | - Dhananjay Kumar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, 1601 E. Market St, Greensboro, NC-27411, USA
| | - Bishnu Prasad Bastakoti
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, 1601 E. Market St, Greensboro, NC-27411, USA
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12
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Zhan F, Wen G, Li R, Feng C, Liu Y, Liu Y, Zhu M, Zheng Y, Zhao Y, La P. A comprehensive review of oxygen vacancy modified photocatalysts: synthesis, characterization, and applications. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:11182-11207. [PMID: 38567530 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp06126d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Photocatalytic technology is a novel approach that harnesses solar energy for efficient energy conversion and effective pollution abatement, representing a rapidly advancing field in recent years. The development and synthesis of high-performance semiconductor photocatalysts constitute the pivotal focal point. Oxygen vacancies, being intrinsic defects commonly found in metal oxides, are extensively present within the lattice of semiconductor photocatalytic materials exhibiting non-stoichiometric ratios. Consequently, they have garnered significant attention in the field of photocatalysis as an exceptionally effective means for modulating the performance of photocatalysts. This paper provides a comprehensive review on the concept, preparation, and characterization methods of oxygen vacancies, along with their diverse applications in nitrogen fixation, solar water splitting, CO2 photoreduction, pollutant degradation, and biomedicine. Currently, remarkable progress has been made in the synthesis of high-performance oxygen vacancy photocatalysts and the regulation of their catalytic performance. In the future, it will be imperative to develop more advanced in situ characterization techniques, conduct further investigations into the regulation and stabilization of oxygen vacancies in photocatalysts, and comprehensively comprehend the mechanism underlying the influence of oxygen vacancies on photocatalysis. The engineering of oxygen vacancies will assume a pivotal role in the realm of semiconductor photocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faqi Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing and Recycling of Non-Ferrous Metals, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China.
| | - Guochang Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing and Recycling of Non-Ferrous Metals, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China.
| | - Ruixin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing and Recycling of Non-Ferrous Metals, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China.
| | - Chenchen Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing and Recycling of Non-Ferrous Metals, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China.
| | - Yisi Liu
- Institute of Advanced Materials, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi, 415000, China
| | - Yang Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Min Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing and Recycling of Non-Ferrous Metals, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China.
| | - Yuehong Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing and Recycling of Non-Ferrous Metals, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China.
| | - Yanchun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing and Recycling of Non-Ferrous Metals, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China.
| | - Peiqing La
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing and Recycling of Non-Ferrous Metals, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China.
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13
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Ruan X, Li S, Huang C, Zheng W, Cui X, Ravi SK. Catalyzing Artificial Photosynthesis with TiO 2 Heterostructures and Hybrids: Emerging Trends in a Classical yet Contemporary Photocatalyst. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2305285. [PMID: 37818725 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202305285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Titanium dioxide (TiO2) stands out as a versatile transition-metal oxide with applications ranging from energy conversion/storage and environmental remediation to sensors and optoelectronics. While extensively researched for these emerging applications, TiO2 has also achieved commercial success in various fields including paints, inks, pharmaceuticals, food additives, and advanced medicine. Thanks to the tunability of their structural, morphological, optical, and electronic characteristics, TiO2 nanomaterials are among the most researched engineering materials. Besides these inherent advantages, the low cost, low toxicity, and biocompatibility of TiO2 nanomaterials position them as a sustainable choice of functional materials for energy conversion. Although TiO2 is a classical photocatalyst well-known for its structural stability and high surface activity, TiO2-based photocatalysis is still an active area of research particularly in the context of catalyzing artificial photosynthesis. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the latest developments and emerging trends in TiO2 heterostructures and hybrids for artificial photosynthesis. It begins by discussing the common synthesis methods for TiO2 nanomaterials, including hydrothermal synthesis and sol-gel synthesis. It then delves into TiO2 nanomaterials and their photocatalytic mechanisms, highlighting the key advancements that have been made in recent years. The strategies to enhance the photocatalytic efficiency of TiO2, including surface modification, doping modulation, heterojunction construction, and synergy of composite materials, with a specific emphasis on their applications in artificial photosynthesis, are discussed. TiO2-based heterostructures and hybrids present exciting opportunities for catalyzing solar fuel production, organic degradation, and CO2 reduction via artificial photosynthesis. This review offers an overview of the latest trends and advancements, while also highlighting the ongoing challenges and prospects for future developments in this classical yet rapidly evolving field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowen Ruan
- School of Energy and Environment, City Universitsy of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Shijie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Automotive Simulation and Control, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials of MOE, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Chengxiang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Automotive Simulation and Control, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials of MOE, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Weitao Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Automotive Simulation and Control, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials of MOE, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Automotive Simulation and Control, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials of MOE, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Sai Kishore Ravi
- School of Energy and Environment, City Universitsy of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
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14
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Yuan L, Du P, Yin L, Yao J, Wang J, Liu C. Metal-organic framework-based S-scheme heterojunction photocatalysts. NANOSCALE 2024. [PMID: 38393670 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr06677k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Photocatalysis is a promising technology to resolve energy and environmental issues, where the design of high-efficiency photocatalysts is the central task. As an emerging family of photocatalysts, semiconducting metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) with remarkable features have demonstrated great potential in various photocatalytic fields. Compared to MOF-based photocatalysts with a single component, construction of S-scheme heterojunctions can render MOFs with enhanced charge separation, redox capacity and solar energy utilization, and thus improved photocatalytic performance. Herein, an overview of the recent advances in the design of MOF-based S-scheme heterojunctions for photocatalytic applications is provided. The basic principle of S-scheme heterojunctions is introduced. Then, three types of MOF-based S-scheme heterojunctions with different compositions are systematically summarized including MOF/non-MOF, MOF-on-MOF and MOF-derived heterojunctions. Afterwards, the enhanced performances of MOF-based S-scheme heterojunctions in hydrogen production, CO2 reduction, C-H functionalization, H2O2 production and wastewater treatment are highlighted. Lastly, the current challenges and future prospects regarding the design and applications of MOF-based S-scheme heterojunctions are discussed to inspire the further development of this emerging field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Yuan
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, P.R. China.
| | - Peiyang Du
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, P.R. China.
| | - Luli Yin
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, P.R. China.
| | - Jiamin Yao
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, P.R. China.
| | - Jing Wang
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, P.R. China.
| | - Chao Liu
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, P.R. China.
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15
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Omotosho KD, Gurung V, Banerjee P, Shevchenko EV, Berman D. Self-Cleaning Highly Porous TiO 2 Coating Designed by Swelling-Assisted Sequential Infiltration Synthesis (SIS) of a Block Copolymer Template. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:308. [PMID: 38337197 DOI: 10.3390/polym16030308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Photocatalytic self-cleaning coatings with a high surface area are important for a wide range of applications, including optical coatings, solar panels, mirrors, etc. Here, we designed a highly porous TiO2 coating with photoinduced self-cleaning characteristics and very high hydrophilicity. This was achieved using the swelling-assisted sequential infiltration synthesis (SIS) of a block copolymer (BCP) template, which was followed by polymer removal via oxidative thermal annealing. The quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) was employed to optimize the infiltration process by estimating the mass of material infiltrated into the polymer template as a function of the number of SIS cycles. This adopted swelling-assisted SIS approach resulted in a smooth uniform TiO2 film with an interconnected network of pores. The synthesized film exhibited good crystallinity in the anatase phase. The resulting nanoporous TiO2 coatings were tested for their functional characteristics. Exposure to UV irradiation for 1 h induced an improvement in the hydrophilicity of coatings with wetting angle reducing to unmeasurable values upon contact with water droplets. Furthermore, their self-cleaning characteristics were tested by measuring the photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue (MB). The synthesized porous TiO2 nanostructures displayed promising photocatalytic activity, demonstrating the degradation of approximately 92% of MB after 180 min under ultraviolet (UV) light irradiation. Thus, the level of performance was comparable to the photoactivity of commercial anatase TiO2 nanoparticles of the same quantity. Our results highlight a new robust approach for designing hydrophilic self-cleaning coatings with controlled porosity and composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalil D Omotosho
- Materials Science and Engineering Department, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle, Denton, TX 76203, USA
| | - Vasanta Gurung
- Materials Science and Engineering Department, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle, Denton, TX 76203, USA
| | - Progna Banerjee
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
| | - Elena V Shevchenko
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
- Department of Chemistry, James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Diana Berman
- Materials Science and Engineering Department, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle, Denton, TX 76203, USA
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16
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Tang C, Li X, Hu Y, Du X, Wang S, Chen B, Wang S. Porphyrin-Based Metal-Organic Framework Materials: Design, Construction, and Application in the Field of Photocatalysis. Molecules 2024; 29:467. [PMID: 38257379 PMCID: PMC10819500 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29020467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are a novel category of porous crystalline materials with an exceptionally high surface area and adjustable pore structure. They possess a designable composition and can be easily functionalized with different units. Porphyrins with conjugated tetrapyrrole macrocyclic structures can absorb light from ultraviolet to visible light regions, and their structures and properties can be facilely regulated by altering their peripheral groups or central metal ions. Porphyrin-based MOFs constructed from porphyrin ligands and metal nodes combine the unique features of porphyrins and MOFs as well as overcoming their respective limitations. This paper reviewed the design and construction, light absorption and charge transfer pathways, and strategy for improving the photocatalytic performance of porphyrin-based MOFs, and highlighted the recent progress in the field of CO2 reduction, hydrogen evolution, organic synthesis, organic pollutant removal, and nitrogen fixation. The intrinsic relationships between the structure and the property of porphyrin-based MOFs received special attention, especially the relationships between the arrangements of porphyrin ligands and metal nods and the charge transfer mechanism. We attempted to provide more valuable information for the design and construction of advanced photocatalysts in the future. Finally, the challenges and future perspectives of the porphyrin-based MOFs are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Shengjie Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao 266580, China; (C.T.); (X.L.); (Y.H.); (X.D.); (S.W.); (B.C.)
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17
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Koshevoy E, Gribov E, Polskikh D, Lyulyukin M, Solovyeva M, Cherepanova S, Kozlov D, Selishchev D. Photoelectrochemical Methods for the Determination of the Flat-Band Potential in Semiconducting Photocatalysts: A Comparison Study. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:13466-13480. [PMID: 37696112 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c01158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
In addition to the band gap of a semiconducting photocatalyst, its band edges are important because they play a crucial role in the analysis of charge transfer and possible pathways of the photocatalytic reaction. The Mott-Schottky method using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy is the most common experimental technique for the determination of the electron potential in photocatalysts. This method is well suited for large crystals, but in the case of nanocatalysts, when the thickness of the charged layer is comparable with the size of the nanocrystals, the capacitance of the Helmholtz layer can substantially affect the measured potential. A contact between the electrolyte and the substrate, used for deposition of the photocatalyst, also affects the impedance. Application of other photoelectrochemical methods may help to avoid concerns in the interpretation of impedance data and improve the reliability of measurements. In this study, we have successfully prepared five visible-light active photocatalysts (i.e., N-doped TiO2, WO3, Bi2WO6, CoO, and g-C3N4) and measured their flat-band potentials using four (photo)electrochemical methods. The potentials are compared for all methods and discussed regarding the type of semiconducting material and its properties. The effect of methanol as a sacrificial agent for the enhanced transfer of charge carriers is studied and discussed for each method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeny Koshevoy
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis, Lavrentieva 5, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Evgeny Gribov
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis, Lavrentieva 5, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Danil Polskikh
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis, Lavrentieva 5, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Mikhail Lyulyukin
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis, Lavrentieva 5, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Maria Solovyeva
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis, Lavrentieva 5, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | | | - Denis Kozlov
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis, Lavrentieva 5, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Dmitry Selishchev
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis, Lavrentieva 5, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
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18
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Liu Y, Zhang C, Feng J, Wang X, Ding Z, He L, Zhang Q, Chen J, Yin Y. Integrated Photochromic-Photothermal Processes for Catalytic Plastic Upcycling. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202308930. [PMID: 37527972 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202308930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Incorporating high-energy ultraviolet (UV) photons into photothermal catalytic processes may enable photothermal-photochemical synergistic catalysis, which represents a transformative technology for waste plastic recycling. The major challenge is avoiding side reactions and by-products caused by these energetic photons. Here, we break through the limitation of the existing photothermal conversion mechanism and propose a photochromic-photothermal catalytic system based on polyol-ligated TiO2 nanocrystals. Upon UV or sunlight irradiation, the chemically bonded polyols can rapidly capture holes generated by TiO2 , enabling photogenerated electrons to reduce Ti4+ to Ti3+ and produce oxygen vacancies. The resulting abundant defect energy levels boost sunlight-to-heat conversion efficiency, and simultaneously the oxygen vacancies facilitate polyester glycolysis by activating the nucleophilic addition-elimination process. As a result, compared to commercial TiO2 (P25), we achieve 6-fold and 12.2-fold performance enhancements under thermal and photothermal conditions, respectively, while maintaining high selectivity to high-valued monomers. This paradigm-shift strategy directs energetic UV photons for activating catalysts and avoids their interaction with reactants, opening the possibility of substantially elevating the efficiency of more solar-driven catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liu
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Congyang Zhang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Ji Feng
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Xuchun Wang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Zhifeng Ding
- Department of Chemistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Le He
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Qiao Zhang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Jinxing Chen
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Yadong Yin
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
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19
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He Q, Sheng B, Zhu K, Zhou Y, Qiao S, Wang Z, Song L. Phase Engineering and Synchrotron-Based Study on Two-Dimensional Energy Nanomaterials. Chem Rev 2023; 123:10750-10807. [PMID: 37581572 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, there has been significant interest in the development of two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials with unique physicochemical properties for various energy applications. These properties are often derived from the phase structures established through a range of physical and chemical design strategies. A concrete analysis of the phase structures and real reaction mechanisms of 2D energy nanomaterials requires advanced characterization methods that offer valuable information as much as possible. Here, we present a comprehensive review on the phase engineering of typical 2D nanomaterials with the focus of synchrotron radiation characterizations. In particular, the intrinsic defects, atomic doping, intercalation, and heterogeneous interfaces on 2D nanomaterials are introduced, together with their applications in energy-related fields. Among them, synchrotron-based multiple spectroscopic techniques are emphasized to reveal their intrinsic phases and structures. More importantly, various in situ methods are employed to provide deep insights into their structural evolutions under working conditions or reaction processes of 2D energy nanomaterials. Finally, conclusions and research perspectives on the future outlook for the further development of 2D energy nanomaterials and synchrotron radiation light sources and integrated techniques are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun He
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230029, China
| | - Beibei Sheng
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230029, China
| | - Kefu Zhu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230029, China
| | - Yuzhu Zhou
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230029, China
| | - Sicong Qiao
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230029, China
| | - Zhouxin Wang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230029, China
| | - Li Song
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230029, China
- Zhejiang Institute of Photonelectronics, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321004, China
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20
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Zhang L, Zhang X, Mo H, Hong J, Yang S, Zhan Z, Xu C, Zhang Y. Synergistic Modulation between Non-thermal and Thermal Effects in Photothermal Catalysis based on Modified In 2O 3. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:39304-39318. [PMID: 37556407 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c07041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
To promote the solar-energy cascade utilization, it is necessary to increase the thermal effect of irradiation in the catalytic reactions, while simultaneously augmenting the non-thermal effect, so as to fulfill photothermal coupling. Herein, the non-thermal and thermal effect of light radiation on the surface of In2O3-based catalysts are explored and enhanced by the modification of transition metals Fe and Cu. Optical characterizations combined with water-splitting experiments show that Fe doping greatly broadens the radiation response range and enhances the absorption intensity of semiconductors' intrinsic portion, and Cu doping facilitates the absorption of visible-infrared light. The concurrent incorporation of Fe and Cu offers synergistic benefits, resulting in improved radiation response range, carrier separation and migration, as well as higher photothermal temperature upon photoexcitation. Collectively, these advantages comprehensively enhance the photothermal synergistic water-splitting reactivity. The characterizations under variable temperature conditions have demonstrated that the reaction temperature exerts a significant influence on the process of radiation absorption and conversion, ultimately impacting the non-thermal effect. The results of DFT calculations have revealed that the increasing temperature directly impacts the chemical reaction by reducing the energy barrier associated with the rate-determining step. These findings shine new light on the fundamental mechanisms underlying non-thermal and thermal effect, while also imparting significant insights for photo-thermal-coupled catalyst designing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Xuhan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Hongfen Mo
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Jianan Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Shunni Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Zhonghua Zhan
- Reaction Engineering International, Salt Lake City, Utah 84047, United States
| | - Chenyu Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Yanwei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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21
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Wu L, Zhao M, Xin X, Ye Q, Zhang K, Wang Z. Core-Shell Composite MIL-101(Cr)@TiO 2 for Organic Dye Pollutants and Vehicle Exhaust. Molecules 2023; 28:5530. [PMID: 37513402 PMCID: PMC10384209 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28145530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
MIL-101(Cr)@TiO2 core-shell composite material was synthesized via the hydrothermal method, where MIL-101(Cr) served as the core and TiO2 acted as the shell. SEM results revealed that the metal-organic framework core effectively prevented the aggregation of TiO2 nanoparticles and facilitated their dispersion. Characterization techniques such as XRD, XPS, and TGA were utilized to confirm the successful loading of TiO2 onto MIL-101(Cr) and its excellent thermal stability. MIL-101(Cr)@TiO2 was employed in photocatalytic degradation of dye pollutants and vehicle exhaust, and the potential degradation mechanisms were investigated in detail. The results showed that MIL-101(Cr)@TiO2 exhibited excellent photocatalytic degradation performance towards dye pollutants, with degradation efficiencies of 91.7% and 67.8% achieved for MB and RhB, respectively, under visible light irradiation for 90 min. Furthermore, the photocatalytic degradation of automobile exhaust revealed that the MIL-101(Cr)@TiO2 composite material also exhibited degradation effects on NOx, CO, and HC. The degradation efficiency for NO reached 24.2%, indicating its broader applicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wu
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710064, China
| | - Mengmeng Zhao
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710064, China
| | - Xian Xin
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710064, China
| | - Qiuyan Ye
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710064, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710064, China
| | - Ziwei Wang
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710064, China
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Jiang H, He X, Yang M, Hu C. Visible Light-Driven Micromotors in Fuel-Free Environment with Promoted Ion Tolerance. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:1827. [PMID: 37368257 DOI: 10.3390/nano13121827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Light-driven electrophoretic micromotors have gained significant attention recently for applications in drug delivery, targeted therapy, biosensing, and environmental remediation. Micromotors that possess good biocompatibility and the ability to adapt to complex external environments are particularly attractive. In this study, we have fabricated visible light-driven micromotors that could swim in an environment with relatively high salinity. To achieve this, we first tuned the energy bandgap of rutile TiO2 that was hydrothermally synthesized, enabling it to generate photogenerated electron-hole pairs under visible light rather than solely under UV. Next, platinum nanoparticles and polyaniline were decorated onto the surface of TiO2 microspheres to facilitate the micromotors swimming in ion-rich environments. Our micromotors exhibited electrophoretic swimming in NaCl solutions with concentrations as high as 0.1 M, achieving a velocity of 0.47 μm/s without the need for additional chemical fuels. The micromotors' propulsion was generated solely by splitting water under visible light illumination, therefore offering several advantages over traditional micromotors, such as biocompatibility and the ability to operate in environments with high ionic strength. These results demonstrated high biocompatibility of photophoretic micromotors and high potential for practical applications in various fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaide Jiang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Robotics and Intelligent Systems, Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xiaoli He
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Robotics and Intelligent Systems, Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Ming Yang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Robotics and Intelligent Systems, Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Chengzhi Hu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Robotics and Intelligent Systems, Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Human-Augmentation and Rehabilitation Robotics in Universities, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
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23
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Carbon-encapsulated Co 2P/P-modified NiMoO 4 hierarchical heterojunction as superior pH-universal electrocatalyst for hydrogen production. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 634:693-702. [PMID: 36563426 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.12.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The development of hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) technology that operates stably in a wide potential of hydrogen (pH) range of electrolytes is particular important for large-scale hydrogen production. However, the rational design of low-cost and pH-universal electrocatalyst with high catalytic performance remains a huge challenge. Herein, Co2P nanoparticles strongly coupled with P-modified NiMoO4 nanorods are directly grown on nickel foam (NF) substrates through carbon layer encapsulation (denoted as C-Co2P@P-NiMoO4/NF) by hydrothermal, deposition, and phosphating processes. This novel kind of hierarchical heterojunction has abundant heterogeneous interfaces, strong electronic interactions, and optimized reaction kinetics, representing the highly-active pH-universal electrodes for HER. Remarkably, the C-Co2P@P-NiMoO4/NF catalyst shows excellent HER properties in acidic and basic electrolytes, where the overpotentials of 105 mV and 107 mV are applied to drive the current density of 100 mA cm-2. In addition, a low overpotential of 177 mV at 100 mA cm-2 along with high stability is realized in 1 M phosphate buffer solution (PBS), which is close to the state-of-the-art non-precious metal electrocatalysts. Our work not only provides a class of robust pH-universal electrocatalyst but also offers a novel way for the rational design of other heterogeneous materials bythe interface regulation strategy.
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24
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Lee M, Kim MS, Oh JM, Park JK, Paek SM. Hybridization of Layered Titanium Oxides and Covalent Organic Nanosheets into Hollow Spheres for High-Performance Sodium-Ion Batteries with Boosted Electrical/Ionic Conductivity and Ultralong Cycle Life. ACS NANO 2023; 17:3019-3036. [PMID: 36700565 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c11699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
While development of a sodium-ion battery (SIB) cathode has been approached by various routes, research on compatible anodes for advanced SIB systems has not been sufficiently addressed. The anode materials based on titanium oxide typically show low electrical performances in SIB systems primarily due to their low electrical/ionic conductivity. Thus, in this work, layered titanium oxides were hybridized with covalent organic nanosheets (CONs), which exhibited excellent electrical conductivity, to be used as anodes in SIBs. Moreover, to enlarge the accessible areas for sodium ions, the morphology of the hybrid was formulated in the form of a hollow sphere (HS), leading to the highly enhanced ionic conductivity. This synthesis method was based on the expectation of synergetic effects since titanium oxide provides direct electrostatic sodiation sites that shield organic components and CON supports high electrical and ionic conductivity with polarizable sodiation sites. Therefore, the hybrid shows enhanced and stable electrochemical performances as an anode for up to 2600 charge/discharge cycles compared to the HS without CONs. Furthermore, the best reversible capacities obtained from the hybrid were 426.2 and 108.5 mAh/g at current densities of 100 and 6000 mA/g, which are noteworthy results for the TiO2-based material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minseop Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Sung Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Yongin 17035, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Min Oh
- Department of Energy and Materials Engineering, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Kuen Park
- Department of Chemistry, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Yongin 17035, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Min Paek
- Department of Chemistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
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25
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Ni B, Zhang G, Wang H, Min Y, Jiang K, Li H. Correlating Oxidation State and Surface Ligand Motifs with the Selectivity of CO 2 Photoreduction to C 2 Products. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202215574. [PMID: 36479970 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202215574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The design for non-Cu-based catalysts with the function of producing C2+ products requires systematic knowledge of the intrinsic connection between the surface state as well as the catalytic activity and selectivity. In this work, photochemical in situ spectral surface characterization techniques combined with the first principle calculations (DFT) were applied to investigate the relationships between the composition of surface states, coordinated motifs, and catalytic selectivity of a titanium oxynitride catalyst. When the catalyst mediates CO2 photoreduction, C2 product selectivity is positively correlated with the surface Ti2+ /Ti3+ ratio and the surface oxidation state is regulated and controlled by coordinated motifs of N-Ti-O/V[O], which can reduce the potential dimerization energy barriers of *CO-CO* and promote spontaneous formation of the subsequent *CO-CH2 * intermediate. This phenomenon provides a new perspective for the design of heterogeneous catalysts for photoreduction of CO2 into useful products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoxin Ni
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Materials Protection and Advanced Materials in Electric Power, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai, 200090, P. R. China.,Interdisciplinary Research Center, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Guiru Zhang
- Interdisciplinary Research Center, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Huiming Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Materials Protection and Advanced Materials in Electric Power, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai, 200090, P. R. China
| | - Yulin Min
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Materials Protection and Advanced Materials in Electric Power, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai, 200090, P. R. China.,Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, P. R. China
| | - Kun Jiang
- Interdisciplinary Research Center, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Hexing Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Materials Protection and Advanced Materials in Electric Power, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai, 200090, P. R. China.,Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, P. R. China
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26
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Oxygen vacancy-engineered titanium-based perovskite for boosting H 2O activation and lower-temperature hydrolysis of organic sulfur. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2217148120. [PMID: 36630453 PMCID: PMC9934201 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2217148120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Modulation of water activation is crucial to water-involved chemical reactions in heterogeneous catalysis. Organic sulfur (COS and CS2) hydrolysis is such a typical reaction involving water (H2O) molecule as a reactant. However, limited by the strong O-H bond in H2O, satisfactory CS2 hydrolysis performance is attained at high temperature above 310 °C, which is at the sacrifice of the Claus conversion, strongly hindering sulfur recovery efficiency improvement and pollution emissions control of the Claus process. Herein, we report a facile oxygen vacancy (VO) engineering on titanium-based perovskite to motivate H2O activation for enhanced COS and CS2 hydrolysis at lower temperature. Increased amount of VO contributed to improved degree of H2O dissociation to generate more active -OH, due to lower energy barrier for H2O dissociation over surface rich in VO, particularly VO clusters. Besides, low-coordinated Ti ions adjacent to VO were active sites for H2O activation. Consequently, complete conversion of COS and CS2 was achieved over SrTiO3 after H2 reduction treatment at 225 °C, a favorable temperature for the Claus conversion, at which both satisfying COS and CS2 hydrolysis performance and improved sulfur recovery efficiency can be obtained simultaneously. Additionally, the origin of enhanced hydrolysis activity from boosted H2O activation by VO was revealed via in-depth mechanism study. This provides more explicit direction for further design of efficacious catalysts for H2O-involved reactions.
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27
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Zhao Y, Zhang H, Hong L, Zou X, Song J, Han R, Chen J, Yu Y, Liu X, Zhao H, Zhang Z. A Multifunctional Dental Resin Composite with Sr-N-Doped TiO 2 and n-HA Fillers for Antibacterial and Mineralization Effects. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021274. [PMID: 36674788 PMCID: PMC9861335 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Dental caries, particularly secondary caries, which is the main contributor to dental repair failure, has been the subject of extensive research due to its biofilm-mediated, sugar-driven, multifactorial, and dynamic characteristics. The clinical utility of restorations is improved by cleaning bacteria nearby and remineralizing marginal crevices. In this study, a novel multifunctional dental resin composite (DRC) composed of Sr-N-co-doped titanium dioxide (Sr-N-TiO2) nanoparticles and nano-hydroxyapatite (n-HA) reinforcing fillers with improved antibacterial and mineralization properties is proposed. The experimental results showed that the anatase-phase Sr-N-TiO2 nanoparticles were synthesized successfully. After this, the curing depth (CD) of the DRC was measured from 4.36 ± 0.18 mm to 5.10 ± 0.19 mm, which met the clinical treatment needs. The maximum antibacterial rate against Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) was 98.96%, showing significant inhibition effects (p < 0.0001), which was experimentally verified to be derived from reactive oxygen species (ROS). Meanwhile, the resin exhibited excellent self-remineralization behavior in an SBF solution, and the molar ratio of Ca/P was close to that of HA. Moreover, the relative growth rate (RGR) of mouse fibroblast L929 indicated a high biocompatibility, with the cytotoxicity level being 0 or I. Therefore, our research provides a suitable approach for improving the antibacterial and mineralization properties of DRCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanhang Zhao
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Lihua Hong
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Xinying Zou
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Jiazhuo Song
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Rong Han
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Jiawen Chen
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yiyan Yu
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Hong Zhao
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Zhimin Zhang
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
- Correspondence:
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28
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Lung CW, Zheng Z, Lo IMC. Solar-driven photocatalytic chlorine activation for the simultaneous degradation of pharmaceuticals and personal care products and the inactivation of Escherichia coli in drinking water. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 311:137019. [PMID: 36367510 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Removal of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) is often inefficient during conventional water treatment, posing threats to human health. Herein, we have developed a novel solar/TiO2/chlorine system upgraded from chlorine disinfection for the simultaneous degradation of PPCPs and the inactivation of Escherichia coli from drinking water. The addition of 100 μM of chlorine to the photocatalytic process considerably enhanced the degradation efficiency of PPCPs and demonstrated excellent disinfecting abilities, as confirmed by a 4.7 × increase in the carbamazepine degradation rate constant coupled with a 3.2-log (99.94%) reduction of E. coli cells within 1 min. Photoinduced charge pairs (hVB+ and eCB-) were identified for reactive species generation, and HO• and ClO• were the primary contributors to PPCPs degradation. The process exhibited satisfactory carbamazepine degradation efficiency in different water matrices and the cycling tests showed the TiO2 photocatalyst to be highly stable and reusable. Overall, our solar/TiO2/chlorine system is a potentially effective alternative to conventional drinking water treatment using chlorination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheuk Wai Lung
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zexiao Zheng
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Irene M C Lo
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China; Institute for Advanced Study, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China.
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29
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Methods and strategies for producing porous photocatalysts: Review. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2023.123834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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30
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Guo S, Su J, Luo H, Duan X, Shen Q, Xue J, Wei B, Zhang XM. Boosting Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution Reaction by the Improved Mass Flow and Energy Flow Process Based on Ultrasound Waves. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c05365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shaohui Guo
- College of Chemistry, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, Shanxi030024, P. R. China
| | - Jie Su
- Wide Bandgap Semiconductor Technology Disciplines State Key Laboratory, School of Microelectronics, Xidian University, Xi’an710071, China
| | - Hui Luo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, LondonSW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - Xiaochuan Duan
- College of Chemistry, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, Shanxi030024, P. R. China
| | - Qianqian Shen
- Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Material, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, Shanxi030024, P. R. China
| | - Jinbo Xue
- Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Material, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, Shanxi030024, P. R. China
| | - Bingqing Wei
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware19716, United States
| | - Xian-Ming Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, Shanxi030024, P. R. China
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31
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Natar NS, Ghani NIA, Hamzah SR, Rosli MA, Muhamad NA, Azami MS, Ishak MAM, Razak S, Nawawi WI. The Role of Nitrogen-Doped TiO 2 Supported by Platinum Catalyst Synthesized via Various Mode Preparations for Photocatalytic Enhancement. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:3998. [PMID: 36432284 PMCID: PMC9698348 DOI: 10.3390/nano12223998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The limitations of TiO2 as a photocatalyst such as the larger bandgap energy, which only activates under the UV region, give a lower photocatalytic activity. This study reports the role of the N and Pt co-dopant on the modification of the TiO2 photocatalyst for photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue dye under different mode preparations, i.e., sequential and vice-versa modes. The sequential mode preparation of the N and Pt co-dopant TiO2 photocatalyst consisted of the initial preparation of the N-doped TiO2 (N-TiO2) under the calcination method, which was then further doped with platinum (Pt) through the photodeposition process labeled as NPseq-TiO2, while the vice-versa mode was labeled as PNrev-TiO2. About 1.58 wt.% of N element was found in the NPseq-TiO2 photocatalyst, while there was no presence of N element detected in PNrev-TiO2, confirmed through an elemental analyzer (CHNS-O) and (EDX) analysis. The optimum weight percentage of Pt for both modes was detected at about ±2.0 wt.%, which was confirmed by inductively coupled plasma-emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). The photoactivity under methylene blue (MB) dye degradation of the NPseq-TiO2 photocatalyst was 2 and 1.5 times faster compared to the unmodified TiO2 and PNrev-TiO2, where the photodegradation rates were, ca., 0.065 min-1 and 0.078 min-1, respectively. This was due to the N elements being incorporated with the TiO2 lattice, which was proven by UV-Vis/DRS where the bandgap energy of NPseq-TiO2 was reduced from 3.2 eV to 2.9 eV. In addition, the N generated a stronger PL signal due to the formation of oxygen vacancies defects on the surface of the NPseq-TiO2 photocatalyst. The higher specific surface area as well as higher pore volume for the NPseq-TiO2 photocatalyst enhanced its photocatalytic activity. Moreover, the NPseq-TiO2 showed the lowest COD value, and it was completely mineralized after 7 h of light irradiation. The preparation order did not affect the Pt dopant but did for the N element. Therefore, it is significant to investigate different mode preparations of the N and Pt co-dopant for the modification of TiO2 to produce a good-quality photocatalyst for photocatalytic study under the photodegradation of MB dye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadiah Sabihah Natar
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Perlis, Arau 02600, Perlis, Malaysia
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam 40450, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | - Siti Raihan Hamzah
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Perlis, Arau 02600, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Afiq Rosli
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Perlis, Arau 02600, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Nur Aien Muhamad
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Perlis, Arau 02600, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Mohammad Saifulddin Azami
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Perlis, Arau 02600, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Azlan Mohd Ishak
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Perlis, Arau 02600, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Sharin Razak
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Arau 02600, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Wan Izhan Nawawi
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Perlis, Arau 02600, Perlis, Malaysia
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Wang J, Chen M, Lu Z, Chen Z, Si L. Radical Covalent Organic Frameworks Associated with Liquid Na-K toward Dendrite-Free Alkali Metal Anodes. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2203058. [PMID: 35861409 PMCID: PMC9475504 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202203058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Liquid sodium-potassium (Na-K) alloy has the characteristics of high abundance, low redox potential, high capacity, and no dendrites, which has become an ideal alternative material for potassium/sodium metal anodes. However, the high surface tension of liquid sodium potassium alloy at room temperature makes it inconvenient in practical use. Here, the Na-K as reducing agent treats with hydrazone linkages of covalent organic frameworks (COFs) and obtain the carbon-oxygen radical COFs (COR-Tf-DHzDM-COFs). The preparation method solves the problems that the preparation process of the traditional Na-K composite anode is complex and has high cost. The structures of the COR-Tf-DHzDM-COFs are characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), and solid-state NMR measurements. It is the first time that carbon-oxygen radical COFs from bulk COFs are constructed by one-step method and the operation is flexible, convenient, and high rate of quality, which is suitable for big production and widely used. The cycle stability of the composite Na-K anode is improved, which provides a new idea for the design of high-performance liquid metal anode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyi Wang
- School of Materials Science and Hydrogen EnergyFoshan UniversityFoshan528000P. R. China
| | - Menghui Chen
- Institute for Sustainable Energy/College of SciencesShanghai UniversityShanghai200444P. R. China
| | - Zicong Lu
- School of Materials Science and Hydrogen EnergyFoshan UniversityFoshan528000P. R. China
| | - Zhida Chen
- School of Materials Science and Hydrogen EnergyFoshan UniversityFoshan528000P. R. China
| | - Liping Si
- School of Materials Science and Hydrogen EnergyFoshan UniversityFoshan528000P. R. China
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33
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Sun Z, Ge X, Wu W, Shi X, Gu J, Jing H, Wang J, Zhang Z, Lu Y. Fabrication and electrochemical performance of Si-based porous electrodes for thin-film lithium-ion batteries. Electrochim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2022.140909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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34
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Zhang X, Duan J, Tan Y, Deng Y, Li C, Sun Z. Insight into peroxymonosulfate assisted photocatalysis over Fe2O3 modified TiO2/diatomite composite for highly efficient removal of ciprofloxacin. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.121123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Song K, Du J, Wang X, Zheng L, Ouyang R, Li Y, Miao Y, Zhang D. Biodegradable Bismuth-Based Nano-Heterojunction for Enhanced Sonodynamic Oncotherapy through Charge Separation Engineering. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2102503. [PMID: 35114073 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202102503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Sonodynamic therapy is a noninvasive treatment method that generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) triggered by ultrasound, to achieve oxidative damage to tumors. However, methods are required to improve the efficiency of ROS generation and achieve continuous oxidative damage. A ternary heterojunction sonosensitizer composed of Bi@BiO2- x @Bi2 S3 -PEG (BOS) to achieve thermal injury-assisted continuous sonodynamic therapy for tumors is prepared. The oxygen vacancy in BOS can capture hot electrons and promotes the separation of hot carriers on the bismuth surface. The local electric field induced by localized surface plasmon resonance also contributes to the rapid transfer of electrons. Therefore, BOS not only possesses the functions of each component but also exhibits higher catalytic activity to generate ROS. Meanwhile, BOS continuously consumes glutathione, which is conducive to its biodegradation and achieves continuous oxidative stress injury. In addition, the photothermal conversion of BOS under near-infrared irradiation helps to achieve thermal tumor damage and further relieves tumor hypoxia, thus amplifying the sonodynamic therapeutic efficacy. This process not only provides a strategy for thermal damage to amplify the efficacy of sonodynamic therapy, but also expands the application of bismuth-based heterojunction nanomaterials as sonosensitizers in sonodynamic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Song
- Institute of Bismuth Science and School of Materials and Chemistry University of Shanghai for Science and Technology Shanghai 200093 China
| | - Jun Du
- Institute of Bismuth Science and School of Materials and Chemistry University of Shanghai for Science and Technology Shanghai 200093 China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Institute of Bismuth Science and School of Materials and Chemistry University of Shanghai for Science and Technology Shanghai 200093 China
| | - Lulu Zheng
- Engineering Research Center of Optical Instrument and System Ministry of Education Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical System University of Shanghai for Science and Technology Shanghai 200093 China
| | - Ruizhuo Ouyang
- Institute of Bismuth Science and School of Materials and Chemistry University of Shanghai for Science and Technology Shanghai 200093 China
| | - Yuhao Li
- Institute of Bismuth Science and School of Materials and Chemistry University of Shanghai for Science and Technology Shanghai 200093 China
| | - Yuqing Miao
- Institute of Bismuth Science and School of Materials and Chemistry University of Shanghai for Science and Technology Shanghai 200093 China
| | - Dawei Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Optical Instrument and System Ministry of Education Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical System University of Shanghai for Science and Technology Shanghai 200093 China
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Li L, Ouyang W, Zheng Z, Ye K, Guo Y, Qin Y, Wu Z, Lin Z, Wang T, Zhang S. Synergetic photocatalytic and thermocatalytic reforming of methanol for hydrogen production based on Pt@TiO2 catalyst. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2067(21)63963-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Ashraf A, Liu G, Yousaf B, Arif M, Ahmed R, Rashid A, Riaz L, Rashid MS. Phyto-mediated photocatalysis: a critical review of in-depth base to reactive radical generation for erythromycin degradation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:32513-32544. [PMID: 35190984 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19119-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Erythromycin (ERY), designated as a risk-prioritized macrolide antibiotic on the 2015 European Union watch list, is the third most commonly used antibiotic, most likely due to its ability to inhibit the protein. ERY has revealed record-high aquatic concentrations threatening the entire ecosystem and hence demands priority remedial measures. The inefficiency of various conventional ERY degradation methodologies opened up a gateway to advanced technologies. The conventional approach comprising of a chemically formulated, single photocatalyst has a major drawback of creating multiple environmental stresses. In this context, photocatalysis is grabbing tremendous attention as an efficient and cost-effective antibiotic treatment approach. Several studies have ascertained that ZnO, TiO2, Fe3O4, and rGO nanoparticles possess remarkable pollution minimizing operational capabilities. Additionally, composites are found much more effective in antibiotic removal than single nanoparticles. In this review, an attempt has been made to provide a comprehensive baseline for efficient reactive radical production by a phyto-mediated composite kept under a certain source of irradiation. Considerable efforts have been directed towards the in-depth investigation of rGO-embedded, phyto-mediated ZnO/TiO2/Fe3O4 photocatalyst fabrication for efficient ERY degradation, undergoing green photocatalysis. This detailed review provides photocatalytic nanocomposite individualities along with a hypothetical ERY degradation mechanism. It is assumed that derived information presented here will provoke innovative ideas for water purification incorporating green photocatalysis, initiating the construction of high-performance biogenic hierarchical nanocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aniqa Ashraf
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Guijian Liu
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, People's Republic of China.
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710075, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Balal Yousaf
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Muhammad Arif
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, People's Republic of China
- Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University of Agriculture, Multan, 60000, Pakistan
| | - Rafay Ahmed
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Audil Rashid
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, University of Gujrat, Hafiz Hayat Campus, Gujrat, 50700, Pakistan
| | - Luqman Riaz
- Department of Environmental Sciences, PMAS Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Saqib Rashid
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, People's Republic of China
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Meng M, Feng Y, Li C, Gan Z, Yuan H, Zhang H. Black 3D-TiO2 Nanotube Arrays on Ti Meshes for Boosted Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12091447. [PMID: 35564156 PMCID: PMC9104132 DOI: 10.3390/nano12091447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Black 3D-TiO2 nanotube arrays are successfully fabricated on the Ti meshes through a facile electrochemical reduction method. The optimized black 3D-TiO2 nanotubes arrays yield a maximal photocurrent density of 1.6 mA/cm2 at 0.22 V vs. Ag/AgCl with Faradic efficiency of 100%, which is about four times larger than that of the pristine 3D-TiO2 NTAs (0.4 mA/cm2). Such boosted PEC water splitting activity primarily originates from the introduction of the oxygen vacancies, which results in the bandgap shrinkage of the 3D-TiO2 NTAs, boosting the utilization efficiency of visible light including the incident, reflected and/or refracted visible light captured by the 3D configuration. Moreover, the oxygen vacancies (Ti3+) can work as electron donors, which leads to the enhanced electronic conductivity and upward shift of the Fermi energy level, and thereby facilitating the transfer and separation of the photogenerated charge carrier at the semiconductor-electrolyte interface. This work offers a new opportunity to promote the PEC water splitting activity of TiO2-based photoelectrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Meng
- School of Physics and Telecommunication Engineering, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou 466001, China; (Y.F.); (C.L.); (H.Y.); (H.Z.)
- Correspondence: (M.M.); (Z.G.)
| | - Yamin Feng
- School of Physics and Telecommunication Engineering, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou 466001, China; (Y.F.); (C.L.); (H.Y.); (H.Z.)
| | - Chunyang Li
- School of Physics and Telecommunication Engineering, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou 466001, China; (Y.F.); (C.L.); (H.Y.); (H.Z.)
| | - Zhixing Gan
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology of Jiangsu Province, School of Physical Science and Technology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
- Correspondence: (M.M.); (Z.G.)
| | - Honglei Yuan
- School of Physics and Telecommunication Engineering, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou 466001, China; (Y.F.); (C.L.); (H.Y.); (H.Z.)
| | - Honghui Zhang
- School of Physics and Telecommunication Engineering, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou 466001, China; (Y.F.); (C.L.); (H.Y.); (H.Z.)
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Fang S, Hu YH. Thermo-photo catalysis: a whole greater than the sum of its parts. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:3609-3647. [PMID: 35419581 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00782c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Thermo-photo catalysis, which is the catalysis with the participation of both thermal and photo energies, not only reduces the large energy consumption of thermal catalysis but also addresses the low efficiency of photocatalysis. As a whole greater than the sum of its parts, thermo-photo catalysis has been proven as an effective and promising technology to drive chemical reactions. In this review, we first clarify the definition (beyond photo-thermal catalysis and plasmonic catalysis), classification, and principles of thermo-photo catalysis and then reveal its superiority over individual thermal catalysis and photocatalysis. After elucidating the design principles and strategies toward highly efficient thermo-photo catalytic systems, an ample discussion on the synergetic effects of thermal and photo energies is provided from two perspectives, namely, the promotion of photocatalysis by thermal energy and the promotion of thermal catalysis by photo energy. Subsequently, state-of-the-art techniques applied to explore thermo-photo catalytic mechanisms are reviewed, followed by a summary on the broad applications of thermo-photo catalysis and its energy management toward industrialization. In the end, current challenges and potential research directions related to thermo-photo catalysis are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Fang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931-1295, USA.
| | - Yun Hang Hu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931-1295, USA.
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40
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Zhu L, Qiao Z. SrTiO 3@NiFe LDH core-shell composites for photocatalytic CO 2 conversion. RSC Adv 2022; 12:10592-10597. [PMID: 35424979 PMCID: PMC8985758 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra01178f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of core@shell SrTiO3@NiFe LDH composites (STONFs) were synthesized and their photocatalytic CO2 reduction performance was studied. The photocatalyst STONF 2 exhibited enhanced CO2 reduction performance with CO yield of 7.9 μmol g-1 h-1. The yield was 25.7 times and 8.8 times higher than that of NiFe LDH and SrTiO3 respectively, and also higher than most LDH based photocatalysts. Compared with two individual components, STONFs exhibited their combined merits of widened absorption spectrum, higher transportation efficiency and alleviated recombination of e-/h+ pairs. In addition, there were fewer oxygen vacancies in STONF 2 than as-prepared SrTiO3. Lower oxygen vacancies concentration would increase the opportunity of direct bonding between interface atoms of two components and successively increase the electron transportation and separation. These factors synergistically contributed to enhanced photocatalytic performance. This work will provide new insight for designing complementary multi-component photocatalysis systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian Zhu
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Zhengping Qiao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou China
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41
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Wu B, Wang Y, Zeng W, Pan A, Zhu T. Modulation of Surface Oxygen Defects on ZnO/ZnS Catalysts to Promote Photocatalytic H
2
Production. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202103869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wu
- School of Materials Science & Engineering Central South University Changsha 410083 Hunan China
| | - Yi Wang
- School of Materials Science & Engineering Central South University Changsha 410083 Hunan China
| | - Wei Zeng
- School of Materials Science & Engineering Central South University Changsha 410083 Hunan China
| | - Anqiang Pan
- School of Materials Science & Engineering Central South University Changsha 410083 Hunan China
- Hunan Joint International Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Technology for Clean Energy Changsha 410083 Hunan China
| | - Ting Zhu
- School of Physics and Electronic Information Yunnan Normal University Kunming 650500 Yunnan China
- Hunan Joint International Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Technology for Clean Energy Changsha 410083 Hunan China
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42
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Wang T, Chen L, Chen C, Huang M, Huang Y, Liu S, Li B. Engineering Catalytic Interfaces in Cu δ+/CeO 2-TiO 2 Photocatalysts for Synergistically Boosting CO 2 Reduction to Ethylene. ACS NANO 2022; 16:2306-2318. [PMID: 35137588 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c08505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Photocatalytic CO2 conversion into a high-value-added C2 product is a highly challenging task because of insufficient electron deliverability and sluggish C-C coupling kinetics. Engineering catalytic interfaces in photocatalysts provides a promising approach to manipulate photoinduced charge carriers and create multiple catalytic sites for boosting the generation of C2 product from CO2 reduction. Herein, a Cuδ+/CeO2-TiO2 photocatalyst that contains atomically dispersed Cuδ+ sites anchored on the CeO2-TiO2 heterostructures consisting of highly dispersed CeO2 nanoparticles on porous TiO2 is designedly constructed by the pyrolytic transformation of a Cu2+-Ce3+/MIL-125-NH2 precursor. In the designed photocatalyst, TiO2 acts as a light-harvesting material for generating electron-hole pairs that are efficiently separated by CeO2-TiO2 interfaces, and the Cu-Ce dual active sites synergistically facilitate the generation and dimerization of *CO intermediates, thus lowering the energy barrier of C-C coupling. As a consequence, the Cuδ+/CeO2-TiO2 photocatalyst exhibits a production rate of 4.51 μmol-1·gcat-1·h-1 and 73.9% selectivity in terms of electron utilization for CO2 to C2H4 conversion under simulated sunlight, with H2O as hydrogen source and hole scavenger. The photocatalytic mechanism is revealed by operando spectroscopic methods as well as theoretical calculations. This study displays the rational construction of heterogeneous photocatalysts for boosting CO2 conversion and emphasizes the synergistic effect of multiple active sites in enhancing the selectivity of C2 product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, PR China
| | - Liang Chen
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, PR China
| | - Cong Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, PR China
| | - Mengtian Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, PR China
| | - Youju Huang
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, PR China
| | - Shoujie Liu
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering of Guangdong Laboratory, Shantou 515063, P. R. China
| | - Benxia Li
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, PR China
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43
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Zhang D, Yu S, Wang X, Huang J, Pan W, Zhang J, Meteku BE, Zeng J. UV illumination-enhanced ultrasensitive ammonia gas sensor based on (001)TiO 2/MXene heterostructure for food spoilage detection. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 423:127160. [PMID: 34537639 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Ammonia has been used as an important marker to indicate the extent of food spoilage. However, current gas sensors for ammonia suffer from either insufficient sensitivity and selectivity or unsatisfactory levels of automation, impeding their practical application for on-site and real-time monitoring of food quality. To overcome these limitations, we propose here the design of a sensing material by in-situ growing (001)TiO2 onto a two-dimensional transition-metal carbide (Ti3C2Tx, MXene). In this design, TiO2 with a highly active (001) crystal plane provides efficient photogeneration under UV irradiation, while Ti3C2Tx can store holes through Schottky junction formed at the interface with TiO2, which greatly promotes the separation of electron-hole pairs, thereby enhancing ammonia sensing performance. By further introducing UV light for electron excitation, the (001)TiO2/Ti3C2Tx based sensor shows 34 times higher sensitivity for ammonia (30 ppm) than that of Ti3C2Tx. The density functional theory further revealed that the (001) plane of TiO2 and Ti3C2Tx composite configuration exhibited the highest adsorption affinity towards ammonia. Finally, an integrated circuit alarm system including near-field communication and a micro-controller system was designed to detect the decay process of fresh pork, fish, and shrimp. We believe such a sensing technology holds great promise in food quality monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongzhi Zhang
- College of Control Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China.
| | - Sujing Yu
- College of Control Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Xingwei Wang
- College of Control Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Jiankun Huang
- College of Science, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Wenjing Pan
- College of Control Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- College of Control Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Benjamin Edem Meteku
- College of Science, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Jingbin Zeng
- College of Science, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China.
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44
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Yamazaki Y, Toyonaga T, Doshita N, Mori K, Kuwahara Y, Yamazaki S, Yamashita H. Crystal Facet Engineering and Hydrogen Spillover-Assisted Synthesis of Defective Pt/TiO 2-x Nanorods with Enhanced Visible Light-Driven Photocatalytic Activity. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:2291-2300. [PMID: 34967219 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c20148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen spillover can assist the introduction of defects such as Ti3+ and concomitant oxygen vacancies (VO) in a TiO2 crystal, thereby inducing a new level below the conduction band to improve the conductivity of photogenerated electrons and the visible light absorption property of TiO2. Meanwhile, crystal facet engineering offers a promising approach to achieve improved activity by influencing the recombination step of the photogenerated electrons and holes. In this study, with the aim of achieving enhanced visible light-driven photocatalytic activity, rutile TiO2 nanorods with different aspect ratios were synthesized by crystal facet engineering, and Pt-deposited TiO2-x nanorods (Pt/TNR) were then obtained via reduction treatment assisted by hydrogen spillover. The reduction treatment at 200 °C induced the formation of surface Ti3+ exclusively, whereas surface Ti3+ and VO were formed by performing the reduction at 600 °C. The Pt/TNR with a higher aspect ratio reduced at 200 °C exhibited the highest activity in photocatalytic H2 production under visible light irradiation owing to the synergistic effect of the introduction of Ti3+ defects and the spatial charge carrier separation induced by crystal facet engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukari Yamazaki
- Division of Materials and Manufacturing Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-oka, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Toyonaga
- Division of Materials and Manufacturing Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-oka, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Naoto Doshita
- Division of Materials and Manufacturing Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-oka, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kohsuke Mori
- Division of Materials and Manufacturing Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-oka, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Unit of Elements Strategy Initiative for Catalysts & Batteries (ESICB), Kyoto University, Katsura, Kyoto 615-8520, Japan
- Innovative Catalysis Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (ICS-OTRI), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yasutaka Kuwahara
- Division of Materials and Manufacturing Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-oka, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Unit of Elements Strategy Initiative for Catalysts & Batteries (ESICB), Kyoto University, Katsura, Kyoto 615-8520, Japan
- Innovative Catalysis Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (ICS-OTRI), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Japan Science and Technology Agency, Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Suzuko Yamazaki
- Division of Natural Science, Graduate School of Sciences and Technology for Innovation, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi 753-8512, Japan
| | - Hiromi Yamashita
- Division of Materials and Manufacturing Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-oka, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Unit of Elements Strategy Initiative for Catalysts & Batteries (ESICB), Kyoto University, Katsura, Kyoto 615-8520, Japan
- Innovative Catalysis Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (ICS-OTRI), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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45
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Nguyen HT, Pham MT, Nguyen TMT, Bui HM, Wang YF, You SJ. Modifications of conventional organic membranes with photocatalysts for antifouling and self-cleaning properties applied in wastewater filtration and separation processes: A review. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2021.1982981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hieu Trung Nguyen
- Department of Civil Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
- Institute of Applied Technology, Thu Dau Mot University, Thu Dau Mot City, Binh Duong Province, Vietnam
- Center for Environmental Risk Management, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Minh-Thuan Pham
- Department of Civil Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
- Center for Environmental Risk Management, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Truc-Mai Thi Nguyen
- Center for Environmental Toxin and Emerging-Contaminant Research, Cheng Shiu University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ha Manh Bui
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Saigon University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Ya-Fen Wang
- Center for Environmental Risk Management, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Jie You
- Center for Environmental Risk Management, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
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46
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Photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue over N-doped MnWO4 under visible light irradiation. J INDIAN CHEM SOC 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jics.2021.100140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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47
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Yin X, Zhang Y, Ai F. Photothermal Effect: The Amygdaloidal Nano-Structure Based on Bi 2S 3 for the Enhanced Degradation of Rhodamine B Under Irradiation by NIR. Front Chem 2021; 9:680632. [PMID: 34124006 PMCID: PMC8193727 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.680632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years the photothermal effect, an auxiliary strategy for increasing the degradation rate of pollutants under irradiation by near-infrared (NIR), has become a research focus. In this study a novel amygdaloidal nanophotocatalyst, Bi2S3, was synthesized by a traditional approach using a hydrothermal process, in which Bi2S3 nanostructures were spread out like a peacock's tail. The produced Bi2S3 photocatalyst exhibited excellent performance in the rapid degradation of Rhodamine B (RB). This proved that the photothermal effect is mainly responsible for the rapid degradation of RB under NIR laser irradiation. Moreover, it was found that the photothermal effect could not degrade the products with NIR radiation in darkness. However, with the support of visible radiation, the photothermal effect of the Bi2S3 photocatalyst enhanced degradation of RB (degradation rate 90% under 1 h). This novel structure exhibited a potential ability for degrading pollution in industry or agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuzhao Yin
- College of Health Science and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yunyu Zhang
- Chemical Engineering Institute, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Fujin Ai
- College of Health Science and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, China
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48
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TiO2 and TiO2-Carbon Hybrid Photocatalysts for Diuron Removal from Water. Catalysts 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11040457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
TiO2 and TiO2-activated carbon (AC) photocatalysts have been prepared (by sol-gel synthesis), characterized, and tested in the removal of diuron from water under simulated solar light. The preparation variables of the two series of catalysts are: (i) heat-treatment temperature of bare TiO2 (350, 400, 450 and 500 °C) and (ii) activated carbon content (0.5, 1, 5, and 10 wt.%) in TiO2-AC samples heat-treated at 350 °C. The activated carbon was previously prepared by hydrothermal carbonization of saccharose and has spherical shape. The heat-treatment temperature does not determine the efficiency of TiO2 for diuron photocatalytic degradation, but clearly influences the diuron adsorption capacity. The capacity of TiO2-AC samples for diuron removal increases with the carbon content and it is the result of combined diuron adsorption and photodegradation. Thus, the sample with highest carbon content (10 wt.% nominal) leads to the highest diuron removal. The TiO2-AC photocatalysts have proved to be capable of degrading diuron previously adsorbed in dark conditions, which allows their regeneration.
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