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Li G, Xiao K, Li Y, Gao J, He S, Li T. CHIP promotes CAD ubiquitination and degradation to suppress the proliferation and colony formation of glioblastoma cells. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2024; 47:851-865. [PMID: 37982961 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-023-00899-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Cancer cells are characterized as the uncontrolled proliferation, which demands high levels of nucleotides that are building blocks for DNA synthesis and replication. CAD (carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase 2, aspartate transcarbamylase and dihydroorotase) is a trifunctional enzyme that initiates the de novo pyrimidine synthesis, which is normally enhanced in cancer cells to preserve the pyrimidine pool for cell division. Glioma, representing most brain cancer, is highly addicted to nucleotides like pyrimidine to sustain the abnormal growth and proliferation of cells. CAD is previously reported to be dysregulated in glioma, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. METHODS The expression of CAD and CHIP (carboxyl terminus of Hsc70-interacting protein) protein in normal brain cells and three glioblastoma (GBM) cell lines were measured by immunoblots. Lentiviruses-mediated expression of target proteins or shRNAs were used to specifically overexpress or knock down CAD and CHIP. Cell counting, colony formation, apoptosis and cell cycle assays were used to assess the roles of CAD and CHIP in GBM cell proliferation and survival. Co-immunoprecipitation and ubiquitination assays were used to examine the interaction of CHIP with CAD and the ubiquitination of CAD. The correlation of CAD and CHIP expression with GBM patients' survival was obtained by analyzing the GlioVis database. RESULTS In this study, we showed that the expression of CAD was upregulated in glioma, which was positively correlated with the tumor grade and survival of glioma patients. Knockdown of CAD robustly inhibited the cell proliferation and colony formation of GBM cells, indicating the essential role of CAD in the pathogenesis of GBM. Mechanistically, we firstly identified that CAD was modified by the K29-linked polyubiquitination, which was mediated by the E3 ubiquitin ligase CHIP. By interacting with and ubiquitinating CAD, CHIP enhanced its proteasomal and lysosomal degradation, which accounted for the anti-proliferative role of CHIP in GBM cells. To sustain the expression of CAD, CHIP is significantly downregulated, which is correlated with the poor prognosis and survival of GBM patients. Notably, the low level of CHIP and high level of CAD overall predict the short survival of GBM patients. CONCLUSION Altogether, these results illustrated the essential role of CAD in GBM and revealed a novel therapeutic strategy for CAD-positive and CHIP-negative cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanya Li
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, School of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Kai Xiao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yinan Li
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, School of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jianfang Gao
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, School of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shanping He
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, School of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Tingting Li
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, School of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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2
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Gan Z, Guo Y, Zhao M, Ye Y, Liao Y, Liu B, Yin J, Zhou X, Yan Y, Yin Y, Ren W. Excitatory amino acid transporter supports inflammatory macrophage responses. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2024:S2095-9273(24)00211-1. [PMID: 38614854 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2024.03.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
Excitatory amino acid transporters (EAATs) are responsible for excitatory amino acid transportation and are associated with auto-immune diseases in the central nervous system and peripheral tissues. However, the subcellular location and function of EAAT2 in macrophages are still obscure. In this study, we demonstrated that LPS stimulation increases expression of EAAT2 (coded by Slc1a2) via NF-κB signaling. EAAT2 is necessary for inflammatory macrophage polarization through sustaining mTORC1 activation. Mechanistically, lysosomal EAAT2 mediates lysosomal glutamate and aspartate efflux to maintain V-ATPase activation, which sustains macropinocytosis and mTORC1. We also found that mice with myeloid depletion of Slc1a2 show alleviated inflammatory responses in LPS-induced systemic inflammation and high-fat diet induced obesity. Notably, patients with type II diabetes (T2D) have a higher level of expression of lysosomal EAAT2 and activation of mTORC1 in blood macrophages. Taken together, our study links the subcellular location of amino acid transporters with the fate decision of immune cells, which provides potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhending Gan
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Muyang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yuyi Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yuexia Liao
- School of Nursing & School of Public Health, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Bingnan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jie Yin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Xihong Zhou
- Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Yuqi Yan
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yulong Yin
- Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Wenkai Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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3
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Wang Y, Engel T, Teng X. Post-translational regulation of the mTORC1 pathway: A switch that regulates metabolism-related gene expression. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2024; 1867:195005. [PMID: 38242428 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2024.195005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
The mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) is a kinase complex that plays a crucial role in coordinating cell growth in response to various signals, including amino acids, growth factors, oxygen, and ATP. Activation of mTORC1 promotes cell growth and anabolism, while its suppression leads to catabolism and inhibition of cell growth, enabling cells to withstand nutrient scarcity and stress. Dysregulation of mTORC1 activity is associated with numerous diseases, such as cancer, metabolic disorders, and neurodegenerative conditions. This review focuses on how post-translational modifications, particularly phosphorylation and ubiquitination, modulate mTORC1 signaling pathway and their consequential implications for pathogenesis. Understanding the impact of phosphorylation and ubiquitination on the mTORC1 signaling pathway provides valuable insights into the regulation of cellular growth and potential therapeutic targets for related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yitao Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China; Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin D02 YN77, Ireland
| | - Tobias Engel
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin D02 YN77, Ireland; FutureNeuro, SFI Research Centre for Chronic and Rare Neurological Diseases, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin D02 YN77, Ireland
| | - Xinchen Teng
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China.
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4
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Chapple B, Woodfin S, Moore W. The Perfect Cup? Coffee-Derived Polyphenols and Their Roles in Mitigating Factors Affecting Type 2 Diabetes Pathogenesis. Molecules 2024; 29:751. [PMID: 38398503 PMCID: PMC10891742 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29040751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a growing health concern with an estimated 462 million people having been diagnosed worldwide. T2D is characterized by chronically elevated blood glucose and insulin resistance, which culminate in a diminished function of the β-cell mass in its later stages. This can be perpetuated by and result in inflammation, excess reactive oxygen species production, obesity, and the dysregulation of multiple cellular pathways. Many naturally occurring small molecules have been investigated in terms of their roles in modulating glucose homeostasis and β-cell function. Many of these compounds can be found in commonly used sources of food and drink. Interestingly, a correlation has been observed between coffee consumption and T2D incidence. However, the specific compounds responsible for this correlation and their mechanisms are still somewhat undetermined. This paper reviews recent research findings on the effects of several polyphenols that are either found in coffee or are metabolites of compounds found in coffee (enterodiol, enterolactone, matairesinol, secoisolariciresinol, kaempferol, quercetin, and chlorogenic acid) on glucose homeostasis and health complications associated with glucose dysregulation, with a special emphasis on their potential anti-diabetic effects. The factors that affect polyphenol content in coffee are also addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - William Moore
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, School of Health Sciences, Liberty University, Lynchburg, VA 24515, USA; (B.C.); (S.W.)
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5
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Yin T, Wen J, Xu S, Chen L, Zhang Z, Pan S, Zhou M, Guo X, Wang M, Gong J, Zhang H, Qin R. An E3 ubiquitin-proteasome gene signature for predicting prognosis in patients with pancreatic cancer. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1332626. [PMID: 38304253 PMCID: PMC10830689 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1332626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is the seventh leading cause of cancer death worldwide, which is demonstrated with remarkable resistance to radiotherapy and chemotherapy. The identification of prognosis signature and novel prognostic markers will facilitate patient stratification and an individualized precision therapy strategy. In this study, TCGA-PAAD was used to screen prognostic E3 ubiquitin ligases and establish prognostic signatures, and GEO database was used to verify the accuracy of prognostic signatures. Functional analysis, in vitro experiments and clinical cohort studies were used to analyze the function and prognostic efficacy of the target gene. An E3 ligase-based signature of 9 genes and the nomogram were developed, and the signature was proved to accurately predict the prognosis of patients with pancreatic cancer. WDR37 might be the most prognostic E3 ubiquitin ligase in pancreatic cancer, and the clinical cohort analyses suggested a tumor-suppressive role. The results of functional analysis and in vitro experiments indicated that WDR37 may promote the degradation of TCP1 complex to inhibit tumor and improve immune cell infiltration. The E3 ligase-based signature accurately predicted the prognosis of patients with pancreatic cancer, so it can be used as a decision-making tool to guide the treatment of patients with pancreatic cancer. At the same time, WDR37, the main gene in E3PMP signature, can be used as the most prognostic E3 ubiquitin ligase in the treatment of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taoyuan Yin
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jingjing Wen
- Department of Dermatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Simiao Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhenxiong Zhang
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Shutao Pan
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Min Zhou
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xingjun Guo
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jun Gong
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Hang Zhang
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Renyi Qin
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Yan Z, Dai J, Wang J, Feng Q, Wang Y, Han T, Wu C. RNF167-mediated ubiquitination of Tollip inhibits TNF-α-triggered NF-κB and MAPK activation. FASEB J 2023; 37:e23089. [PMID: 37410058 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202201839r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Toll-interacting protein (Tollip) is a multifunctional regulator in cellular activities. However, whether its functions are subjected to post-translational modifications remains elusive. Here, we identified ubiquitination as a post-translational modification on Tollip. We found that Tollip interacted with ring finger protein 167 (RNF167) through its C-terminal coupling of ubiquitin to ER degradation (CUE) domain, and RNF167 functioned as the potential E3 ligase to attach K33-linked poly-ubiquitin chains to the Lys235 (K235) site of Tollip. Furthermore, we discovered Tollip could inhibit TNF-α-induced nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation, and substitution of Lys235 on Tollip to arginine failed to suppress TNF-α-NF-κB/MAPK (JNK) cascades, revealing the role of Tollip and its ubiquitination in NF-κB/MAPK pathways. Thus, our study reveals the novel biological function of Tollip and RNF167-dependent ubiquitination of Tollip in TNF-α signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Yan
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei Province, China
| | - Jingwei Dai
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei Province, China
| | - Jiayue Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei Province, China
| | - Qianxi Feng
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei Province, China
| | - Yaguang Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei Province, China
| | - Tongye Han
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei Province, China
| | - Chen Wu
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei Province, China
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7
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Kim YJ, Lee Y, Shin H, Hwang S, Park J, Song EJ. Ubiquitin-proteasome system as a target for anticancer treatment-an update. Arch Pharm Res 2023; 46:573-597. [PMID: 37541992 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-023-01455-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
As the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) regulates almost every biological process, the dysregulation or aberrant expression of the UPS components causes many pathological disorders, including cancers. To find a novel target for anticancer therapy, the UPS has been an active area of research since the FDA's first approval of a proteasome inhibitor bortezomib in 2003 for treating multiple myeloma (MM). Here, we summarize newly described UPS components, including E3 ubiquitin ligases, deubiquitinases (DUBs), and immunoproteasome, whose malfunction leads to tumorigenesis and whose inhibitors have been investigated in clinical trials as anticancer therapy since 2020. We explain the mechanism and effects of several inhibitors in depth to better comprehend the advantages of targeting UPS components for cancer treatment. In addition, we describe attempts to overcome resistance and limited efficacy of some launched proteasome inhibitors, as well as an emerging PROTAC-based tool targeting UPS components for anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeon Jung Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, 52, Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonjoo Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, 52, Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyungkyung Shin
- College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, 52, Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - SuA Hwang
- College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, 52, Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinyoung Park
- Center for Advanced Biomolecular Recognition, Biomedical Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- Division of Bio‑Medical Science and Technology, KIST‑School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Joo Song
- College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, 52, Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea.
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8
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Chu YD, Lai MW, Yeh CT. Unlocking the Potential of Arginine Deprivation Therapy: Recent Breakthroughs and Promising Future for Cancer Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10668. [PMID: 37445845 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Arginine is a semi-essential amino acid that supports protein synthesis to maintain cellular functions. Recent studies suggest that arginine also promotes wound healing, cell division, ammonia metabolism, immune system regulation, and hormone biosynthesis-all of which are critical for tumor growth. These discoveries, coupled with the understanding of cancer cell metabolic reprogramming, have led to renewed interest in arginine deprivation as a new anticancer therapy. Several arginine deprivation strategies have been developed and entered clinical trials. The main principle behind these therapies is that arginine auxotrophic tumors rely on external arginine sources for growth because they carry reduced key arginine-synthesizing enzymes such as argininosuccinate synthase 1 (ASS1) in the intracellular arginine cycle. To obtain anticancer effects, modified arginine-degrading enzymes, such as PEGylated recombinant human arginase 1 (rhArg1-PEG) and arginine deiminase (ADI-PEG 20), have been developed and shown to be safe and effective in clinical trials. They have been tried as a monotherapy or in combination with other existing therapies. This review discusses recent advances in arginine deprivation therapy, including the molecular basis of extracellular arginine degradation leading to tumor cell death, and how this approach could be a valuable addition to the current anticancer arsenal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-De Chu
- Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Wei Lai
- Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Chau-Ting Yeh
- Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
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Liao HS, Chen YJ, Hsieh WY, Li YC, Hsieh MH. Arabidopsis ACT DOMAIN REPEAT9 represses glucose signaling pathways. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 192:1532-1547. [PMID: 36843191 PMCID: PMC10231364 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Nutrient sensing and signaling are critical for plants to coordinate growth and development in response to nutrient availability. Plant ACT DOMAIN REPEAT (ACR) proteins have been proposed to serve as nutrient sensors, but their functions remain largely unknown. Here, we showed that Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) ACR9 might function as a repressor in glucose (Glc) signaling pathways. ACR9 was highly expressed in the leaves, and its expression was downregulated by sugars. Interestingly, the acr9-1 and acr9-2 T-DNA insertion mutants were hypersensitive to Glc during seedling growth, development, and anthocyanin accumulation. Nitrogen deficiency increased the mutants' sensitivity to Glc. The expression of sugar-responsive genes was also significantly enhanced in the acr9 mutants. By contrast, the 35S:ACR9 and 35S:ACR9-GFP overexpression (OE) lines were insensitive to Glc during early seedling development. The Glc signaling pathway is known to interact with the plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA). Notably, the acr9 mutants were also hypersensitive to ABA during early seedling development. The Glc sensor HEXOKINASE1 (HXK1) and the energy sensor SUCROSE NON-FERMENTING1 (SNF1)-RELATED PROTEIN KINASE1 (SnRK1) are key components of the Glc signaling pathways. The acr9-1/hxk1-3 and acr9-1/snrk1 double mutants were no longer hypersensitive to Glc, indicating that functional HXK1 and SnRK1 were required for the acr9-1 mutant to be hypersensitive to Glc. Together, these results suggest that ACR9 is a repressor of the Glc signaling pathway, which may act independently or upstream of the HXK1-SnRK1 signaling module.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Sheng Liao
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Jhu Chen
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Yu Hsieh
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chiou Li
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hsiun Hsieh
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan
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Wang G, Chen L, Lei X, Qin S, Geng H, Zheng Y, Xia C, Yao J, Meng T, Deng L. Role of FLCN Phosphorylation in Insulin-Mediated mTORC1 Activation and Tumorigenesis. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023:e2206826. [PMID: 37083230 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202206826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The amino acid-stimulated Rag GTPase pathway is one of the main pathways that regulate mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) activation and function, but little is known about the effects of growth factors on Rag GTPase-mediated mTORC1 activation. Here, a highly conserved insulin-responsive phosphorylation site on folliculin (FLCN), Ser62, that is phosphorylates by AKT1 is identified and characterized. mTORC2-AKT1 is localized on lysosomes, and RagD-specific recruitment of mTORC2-AKT1 on lysosomes is identified as an essential step in insulin-AKT1-mediated FLCN phosphorylation. Additionally, FLCN phosphorylation inhibits the activity of RagC GTPase and is essential for insulin-induced mTORC1 activation. Functionally, phosphorylated FLCN promotes cell viability and induces autophagy, and also regulates in vivo tumor growth in an mTORC1-dependent manner. Its expression is also positively correlated with mTORC1 activity in colon cancer, clear cell renal cell carcinoma, and chordoma. These results indicate that FLCN is an important intermediate for cross-talk between the amino acid and growth factor pathways. Further, FLCN phosphorylation may be a promising therapeutic target for diseases characterized by mTORC1 dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoyan Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Lei Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Xinjian Lei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Senlin Qin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Huijun Geng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Yining Zheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Chao Xia
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Junhu Yao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Tong Meng
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Lu Deng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
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11
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Regulation of mTORC1 by the Rag GTPases. Biochem Soc Trans 2023; 51:655-664. [PMID: 36929165 DOI: 10.1042/bst20210038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
The Rag GTPases are an evolutionarily conserved family that play a crucial role in amino acid sensing by the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1). mTORC1 is often referred to as the master regulator of cell growth. mTORC1 hyperactivation is observed in multiple diseases such as cancer, obesity, metabolic disorders, and neurodegeneration. The Rag GTPases sense amino acid levels and form heterodimers, where RagA or RagB binds to RagC or RagD, to recruit mTORC1 to the lysosome where it becomes activated. Here, we review amino acid signaling to mTORC1 through the Rag GTPases.
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12
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Li T, Gao SJ. KSHV hijacks FoxO1 to promote cell proliferation and cellular transformation by antagonizing oxidative stress. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e28676. [PMID: 36929740 PMCID: PMC10285692 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are a group of a highly short-lived molecules that control diverse behaviors of cells. Normal cells maintain ROS balance to ensure their functions. Because of oncogenic stress, cancer cells often have excessive ROS, also known as oxidative stress, which are often counteracted by enhanced antioxidant systems to maintain redox homeostasis. Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is an oncogenic virus associated with Kaposi's sarcoma (KS), which manifests hyper inflammation and oxidative stress as the hallmarks. We have previously shown that excessive ROS can disrupt KSHV latency by inducing viral lytic replication, leading to cell death. Paradoxically, most KS tumor cells are latently infected by KSHV in a highly inflammatory and oxidative stress tumor microenvironment, which is in part due to the activation of alternative complement and TLR4 pathways, indicating the existence of an enhanced antioxidant defense system in KS tumor cells. In this study, we show that KSHV upregulates antioxidant genes, including SOD2 and CAT by hijacking the forkhead box protein O1 (FoxO1), to maintain intracellular ROS level. Moreover, the fine-tuned balance of ROS level in KSHV-transformed cells is essential for cell survival. Consequently, KSHV-transformed cells are extremely sensitive to exogenous ROS insult such as treatment with a low level of hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ). Either chemical inhibition or knockdown of FoxO1 by short interfering RNAs decreases the expression of antioxidant genes and subsequently increases the intracellular ROS level in KSHV-transformed cells, resulting in the inhibition of cell proliferation and colony formation in soft agar. Mechanistically, KSHV-encoded microRNAs and vFLIP upregulate FoxO1 by activating the NF-κB pathway. These results reveal a novel mechanism by which an oncogenic virus counteracts oxidative stress by upregulating FoxO1, which is essential for KSHV-induced cell proliferation and cellular transformation. Therefore, FoxO1 might be a potential therapeutic target for KSHV-related malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Li
- Cancer Virology Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Current address: Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Shou-Jiang Gao
- Cancer Virology Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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Hu H, Lu X, Huang L, He Y, Liu X, Wang Y, Duan C. Castor1 overexpression regulates microglia M1/M2 polarization via inhibiting mTOR pathway. Metab Brain Dis 2023; 38:699-708. [PMID: 36454504 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-022-01135-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Microglia are resident immune cells in the brain and are closely associated with central nervous system inflammation and neurodegenerative diseases. It is known that mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway plays an important role in the polarization of microglia. Castor1 has been identified as the cytosolic arginine sensor for the mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) pathway, but the role of Castor1 in microglial polarization is still unknown. The purpose of this study was to explore the regulatory effect of Castor1 on microglial polarization and the underlying mechanism. The results demonstrated that Castor1 expression was significantly decreased in lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and interferon (IFN)-γ treated microglia. Castor1 overexpression inhibited the microglia M1 polarization by reducing the expression of M1 related markers. However, the expression of M2-related genes was promoted when Castor1 was overexpressed in IL-4 treated microglia. Mechanistically, Castor1 overexpression inhibited the activation of mTOR signaling pathway. In addition, after treatment with the mTOR activator MHY1485, the inhibitory effect of Castor1 overexpression on M1 polarization was attenuated, indicating that the regulation effects of Castor1 on M1 polarization was dependent on its inhibition of mTOR pathway. We propose that Castor1-mTOR signaling pathway could be considered as a potential target for treatment and intervention of central nervous system-related diseases by regulating microglia polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiling Hu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Xiaoxia Lu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lisi Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuqing He
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiuli Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Chaohui Duan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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14
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Wen H, Chen W, Chen Y, Wei G, Ni T. Integrative analysis of Iso-Seq and RNA-seq reveals dynamic changes of alternative promoter, alternative splicing and alternative polyadenylation during Angiotensin II-induced senescence in rat primary aortic endothelial cells. Front Genet 2023; 14:1064624. [PMID: 36741323 PMCID: PMC9892061 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1064624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
In eukaryotes, alternative promoter (AP), alternative splicing (AS), and alternative polyadenylation (APA) are three crucial regulatory mechanisms that modulate message RNA (mRNA) diversity. Although AP, AS and APA are involved in diverse biological processess, whether they have dynamic changes in Angiotensin II (Ang II) induced senescence in rat primary aortic endothelial cells (RAECs), an important cellular model for studying cardiovascular disease, remains unclear. Here we integrated both PacBio single-molecule long-read isoform sequencing (Iso-Seq) and Illumina short-read RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) to analyze the changes of AP, AS and APA in Ang II-induced senescent RAECs. Iso-Seq generated 36,278 isoforms from 10,145 gene loci and 65.81% of these isoforms are novel, which were further cross-validated by public data obtained by other techonologies such as CAGE, PolyA-Seq and 3'READS. APA contributed most to novel isoforms, followed by AS and AP. Further investigation showed that AP, AS and APA could all contribute to the regulation of isoform, but AS has more dynamic changes compared to AP and APA upon Ang II stimulation. Genes undergoing AP, AS and APA in Ang II-treated cells are enriched in various pathways related to aging or senescence, suggesting that these molecular changes are involved in functional alterations during Ang II-induced senescence. Together, the present study largely improved the annotation of rat genome and revealed gene expression changes at isoform level, extending the understanding of the complexity of gene regulation in Ang II-treated RAECs, and also provided novel clues for discovering the regulatory mechanism undelying Ang II caused vascular senescence and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haimei Wen
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Gang Wei
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China,*Correspondence: Ting Ni, ; Gang Wei,
| | - Ting Ni
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China,*Correspondence: Ting Ni, ; Gang Wei,
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15
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Gao Y, Jing N, Teng X, Wang Y. Serine hydroxymethyltransferase 1 promotes low-grade glioma progression by activating mTORC1 signaling. Neurol Res 2022; 45:415-422. [PMID: 36417280 DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2022.2149516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This research aimed to explore the role and potential mechanism of serine hydroxymethyltransferase 1 (SHMT1) involvement in low-grade glioma (LGG). METHODS GEPIA were employed to analyze the expression and the correlation of LGG patient survival with the levels of SHMT1 in LGG based on the The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. qRT-PCR and western blot were used to detect the expression of SHMT1 in LGG cells. Clone formation, EdU staining, MTT, Transwell and wound healing assays were conducted to analyze the proliferation, cell activity, migration and invasion of LGG cells. KEEG analysis was performed for enrichment pathways of SHMT1 in LGG. RESULTS SHMT1 was up-regulated in LGG tissues and cells, and SHMT1 level was negatively correlated with survival of patients with LGG. SHMT1 overexpression evidently promoted cell proliferation, migration and invasion, whereas SHMT1 silence obtained the opposite results. Next, KEEG analysis revealed that SHMT1 activated the mTORC1 pathway in LGG. SHMT1 overexpression significantly promoted the phosphorylation of downstream proteins (P70SK6 and S6) in LGG cells. Further, inhibition of the mTORC1 signaling pathway partially abolished the promotion of LGG progression by SHMT1 overexpression. CONCLUSION SHMT1 promoted proliferation, invasion and migration of LGG cells via activating mTORC1 signaling pathway. This provided a novel perspective for the treatment of LGG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhangqiu District People’s Hospital, Jinan 250200, P.R. China
| | - Nianliang Jing
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhangqiu District People’s Hospital, Jinan 250200, P.R. China
| | - Xukun Teng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhangqiu District People’s Hospital, Jinan 250200, P.R. China
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250117, P.R. China
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16
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Yue S, Li G, He S, Li T. The central role of mTORC1 in amino acid sensing. Cancer Res 2022; 82:2964-2974. [PMID: 35749594 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-21-4403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a master regulator of cell growth that controls cell homeostasis in response to nutrients, growth factors, and other environmental cues. Recent studies have emphasized the importance of lysosomes as a hub for nutrient sensing, especially amino acid sensing by mTORC1. This review highlights recent advances in understanding the amino acid-mTORC1 signaling axis and the role of mTORC1 in cancer.
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17
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Zhang W, Zhang K. A transcriptomic signature for prostate cancer relapse prediction identified from the differentially expressed genes between TP53 mutant and wild-type tumors. Sci Rep 2022; 12:10561. [PMID: 35732666 PMCID: PMC9217948 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-14436-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
For prostate cancer (PCa) patients, biochemical recurrence (BCR) is the first sign of disease relapse and the subsequent metastasis. TP53 mutations are relatively prevalent in advanced PCa forms. We aimed to utilize this knowledge to identify robust transcriptomic signatures for BCR prediction in patients with Gleason score ≥ 7 cancers, which cause most PCa deaths. Using the TCGA-PRAD dataset and the novel data-driven stochastic approach proposed in this study, we identified a 25-gene signature from the genes whose expression in tumors was associated with TP53 mutation statuses. The predictive strength of the signature was assessed by AUC and Fisher’s exact test p-value according to the output of support vector machine-based cross validation. For the TCGA-PRAD dataset, the AUC and p-value were 0.837 and 5 × 10–13, respectively. For five external datasets, the AUCs and p-values ranged from 0.632 to 0.794 and 6 × 10–2 to 5 × 10–5, respectively. The signature also performed well in predicting relapse-free survival (RFS). The signature-based transcriptomic risk scores (TRS) explained 28.2% of variation in RFS on average. The combination of TRS and clinicopathologic prognostic factors explained 23–72% of variation in RFS, with a median of 54.5%. Our method and findings are useful for developing new prognostic tools in PCa and other cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wensheng Zhang
- Bioinformatics Core of Xavier NIH RCMI Center of Cancer Research, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA, 70125, USA.
| | - Kun Zhang
- Bioinformatics Core of Xavier NIH RCMI Center of Cancer Research, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA, 70125, USA. .,Department of Computer Science, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA, 70125, USA.
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18
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Wang G, Chen L, Qin S, Zhang T, Yao J, Yi Y, Deng L. Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 1: From a Nutrient Sensor to a Key Regulator of Metabolism and Health. Adv Nutr 2022; 13:1882-1900. [PMID: 35561748 PMCID: PMC9526850 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmac055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) is a multi-protein complex widely found in eukaryotes. It serves as a central signaling node to coordinate cell growth and metabolism by sensing diverse extracellular and intracellular inputs, including amino acid-, growth factor-, glucose-, and nucleotide-related signals. It is well documented that mTORC1 is recruited to the lysosomal surface, where it is activated and, accordingly, modulates downstream effectors involved in regulating protein, lipid, and glucose metabolism. mTORC1 is thus the central node for coordinating the storage and mobilization of nutrients and energy across various tissues. However, emerging evidence indicated that the overactivation of mTORC1 induced by nutritional disorders leads to the occurrence of a variety of metabolic diseases, including obesity and type 2 diabetes, as well as cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, and aging. That the mTORC1 pathway plays a crucial role in regulating the occurrence of metabolic diseases renders it a prime target for the development of effective therapeutic strategies. Here, we focus on recent advances in our understanding of the regulatory mechanisms underlying how mTORC1 integrates metabolic inputs as well as the role of mTORC1 in the regulation of nutritional and metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoyan Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Division of Laboratory Safety and Services, Northwest A&F University, Yangling Shaanxi, China
| | - Senlin Qin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Junhu Yao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yanglei Yi
- Address correspondence to YLY (e-mail: )
| | - Lu Deng
- Address correspondence to LD (e-mail: )
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19
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Gai Z, Wang Y, Wang J, Fu J, Tian L, Li X, Zhao J, Gong G. Downregulation of CASTOR1 Inhibits Heat-Stress-Induced Apoptosis and Promotes Casein and Lipid Synthesis in Mammary Epithelial Cells. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:5386-5395. [PMID: 35442666 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c00877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Heat stress is one of the most important factors limiting the milk yields of dairy animals. This decline can be attributed to the heat-stress-induced apoptosis of mammary epithelial cells (MECs). The cytosolic arginine sensor for mTORC1 subunit 1 (CASTOR1) is a crucial upstream regulator of the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling, which has close connections with apoptosis. However, the specific roles of CASTOR1 in regulating the apoptosis and lactation of MECs are still obscure. In the present study, we found that heat stress promotes apoptosis and CASTOR1's expression in HC11 cells. Downregulation of CASTOR1 inhibits heat-stress-induced apoptosis through a ROS-independent pathway. In addition, silencing of CASTOR1 promotes cell proliferation, cell cycle progression, and milk component synthesis, and overexpressing of CASTOR1 reverses these observations. Furthermore, we found that silencing of CASTOR1 contributes to the nuclear transport of SREBP1 and promotes lipid synthesis. This study demonstrates the pivotal roles of CASTOR1 in heat-stress-induced apoptosis and milk component synthesis in MECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongchao Gai
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yujiao Wang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jie Wang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiapeng Fu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lu Tian
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xue Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710038, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jieqiong Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710038, Shaanxi, China
| | - Guoli Gong
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, Shaanxi, China
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Wang D, Xu C, Yang W, Chen J, Ou Y, Guan Y, Guan J, Liu Y. E3 ligase RNF167 and deubiquitinase STAMBPL1 modulate mTOR and cancer progression. Mol Cell 2022; 82:770-784.e9. [PMID: 35114100 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2022.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) is an essential metabolic hub that coordinates cellular metabolism with the availability of nutrients, including amino acids. Sestrin2 has been identified as a cytosolic leucine sensor that transmits leucine status signals to mTORC1. In this study, we identify an E3 ubiquitin ligase RING finger protein 167 (RNF167) and a deubiquitinase STAMBPL1 that function in concert to control the polyubiquitination level of Sestrin2 in response to leucine availability. Ubiquitination of Sestrin2 promotes its interaction with GATOR2 and inhibits mTORC1 signaling. Bioinformatic analysis reveals decreased RNF167 expression and increased STAMBPL1 expression in gastric and colorectal tumors. Knockout of STAMBPL1 or correction of the heterozygous STAMBPL1 mutation in a human colon cancer cell line suppresses xenograft tumor growth. Lastly, a cell-permeable peptide that blocks the STAMBPL1-Sestrin2 interaction inhibits mTORC1 and provides a potential option for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Chenchen Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Wenyu Yang
- Yuan Pei College, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yuhui Ou
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yuanyuan Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jialiang Guan
- PKU-Tsinghua-NIBS Graduate Program, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Ying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics, Beijing 100871, China.
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21
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From Drosophila to Human: Biological Function of E3 Ligase Godzilla and Its Role in Disease. Cells 2022; 11:cells11030380. [PMID: 35159190 PMCID: PMC8834447 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitin–proteasome system is of fundamental importance in all fields of biology due to its impact on proteostasis and in regulating cellular processes. Ubiquitination, a type of protein post-translational modification, involves complex enzymatic machinery, such as E3 ubiquitin ligases. The E3 ligases regulate the covalent attachment of ubiquitin to a target protein and are involved in various cellular mechanisms, including the cell cycle, cell division, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and neurotransmission. Because the E3 ligases regulate so many physiological events, they are also associated with pathologic conditions, such as cancer, neurological disorders, and immune-related diseases. This review focuses specifically on the protease-associated transmembrane-containing the Really Interesting New Gene (RING) subset of E3 ligases. We describe the structure, partners, and physiological functions of the Drosophila Godzilla E3 ligase and its human homologues, RNF13, RNF167, and ZNRF4. Also, we summarize the information that has emerged during the last decade regarding the association of these E3 ligases with pathophysiological conditions, such as cancer, asthma, and rare genetic disorders. We conclude by highlighting the limitations of the current knowledge and pinpointing the unresolved questions relevant to RNF13, RNF167, and ZNRF4 ubiquitin ligases.
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22
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Chang SC, Zhang BX, Ding JL. E2-E3 ubiquitin enzyme pairing - partnership in provoking or mitigating cancers. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2022; 1877:188679. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2022.188679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Li T, Gao SJ. Metabolic reprogramming and metabolic sensors in KSHV-induced cancers and KSHV infection. Cell Biosci 2021; 11:176. [PMID: 34579773 PMCID: PMC8475840 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-021-00688-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is an oncogenic gammaherpesvirus associated with several human cancers. KSHV infection and KSHV-induced anabolic cell proliferation and cellular transformation depend on reprogramming of cellular metabolic pathways, which provide the building blocks and energy for the growth of both the virus and the infected cells. Furthermore, KSHV dysregulates numerous metabolic sensors including mTOR, AMPK, CASTOR1 and sirtuins to maintain cellular energetic homeostasis during infection and in KSHV-induced cancers. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in the understanding of KSHV hijacking of metabolic pathways and sensors, providing insights into the molecular basis of KSHV infection and KSHV-induced oncogenesis. In addition, we highlight the critical metabolic targets and sensors for developing potential new therapies against KSHV infection and KSHV-induced cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Li
- Cancer Virology Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Shou-Jiang Gao
- Cancer Virology Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
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