1
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Baghdadi ME, Emamzadeh R, Nazari M, Michelini E. Development of a bioluminescent homogenous nanobody-based immunoassay for the detection of prostate-specific antigen (PSA). Enzyme Microb Technol 2024; 180:110474. [PMID: 38944901 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2024.110474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the most prevalent cancer in men. At present, the diagnosis and screening of prostate cancer rely on the essential biomarker known as prostate-specific antigen (PSA). The main purpose of this study was to develop a novel immunoassay for the detection of PSA based on a tri-part split-nanoluciferase system and a nanobody targeting PSA. In our approach, two small components of the split-nanoluciferase, referred to as β9 and β10, were individually fused to two anti-PSA nanobodies, N7 and N23. When these proteins bind to PSA and in the presence of the third nanoluciferase component, called Δ11S, the split-nanoluciferase components are brought into close proximity, facilitating the reassembly of the active nanoluciferase and activation of luminescence. These proteins were expressed in a bacterial expression system, purified, and employed for the intended immunoassay. The developed immunoassay demonstrated the capability to sensitively detect PSA within a linear range from 1.0 to 20.0 ng/mL with LOD of 0.4 ng/mL, and the results obtained through this immunoassay agreed with those derived from the ELISA. Our study indicates that the homogeneous immunoassay developed with nanobodies exhibits remarkable specificity for PSA and can serve as a reliable, fast, and user-friendly test for detecting PSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Esraa Baghdadi
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Rahman Emamzadeh
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Mahboobeh Nazari
- Nanobiotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elisa Michelini
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, Bologna 40126, Italy
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2
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Saito T, Couzinet A, Murakami T, Shimomura M, Suzuki T, Katayama Y, Nakatsura T. Rapid and high throughput assessment of cellular immunity against SARS-CoV-2 based on the ex vivo activation of genes in leukocyte assay with whole blood. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 694:149398. [PMID: 38134475 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.149398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
During the novel coronavirus outbreak and vaccine development, antibody production garnered major focus as the primary immunogenic response. However, cellular immunity's recent demonstration of comparable or greater significance in controlling infection demands the re-evaluation of the importance of T-cell immunity in SARS-CoV-2 infection. Here, we developed a novel assay, the ex vivo activation of genes in leukocytes (EAGL), which employs short-term whole blood stimulation with the LeukoComplete™ system, to measure ex vivo SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell responses (cellular immunity). This assay measures upregulated mRNA expression related to leukocyte activation 4 h after antigen stimulation. LeukoComplete™ system uses whole blood samples, eliminating the need for pretreatment before analysis. Furthermore, this system's high reproducibility is ensured through a series of operations from mRNA extraction to cDNA synthesis on a 96-well plate. In the performance evaluation using fresh blood from previously SARS-CoV-2-infected and COVID-19-vaccinated individuals, the EAGL assay had a comparable sensitivity and specificity to the ELISpot assay (EAGL: 1.000/1.000; ELISpot: 0.900/0.973). As a simple, high-throughput assay, the EAGL assay is also a quantitative test that is useful in studies with large sample numbers, such as monitoring new vaccine efficacies against novel coronaviruses or epidemiologic studies that require cellular immune testing during viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taro Saito
- Minaris Medical Co., Ltd, Nagaizumi, Shizuoka, 411-0932, Japan
| | - Arnaud Couzinet
- Division of Cancer Immunotherapy, Exploratory Oncology Research & Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8577, Japan
| | | | - Manami Shimomura
- Division of Cancer Immunotherapy, Exploratory Oncology Research & Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8577, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Suzuki
- Division of Cancer Immunotherapy, Exploratory Oncology Research & Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8577, Japan
| | - Yuki Katayama
- Minaris Medical Co., Ltd, Nagaizumi, Shizuoka, 411-0932, Japan; Resonac Corporation, Minato, Tokyo, 105-7325, Japan.
| | - Tetsuya Nakatsura
- Division of Cancer Immunotherapy, Exploratory Oncology Research & Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8577, Japan
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3
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Campbell E, Adamson H, Luxton T, Tiede C, Wälti C, Tomlinson DC, Jeuken LJC. Therapeutic drug monitoring of immunotherapies with novel Affimer-NanoBiT sensor construct. SENSORS & DIAGNOSTICS 2024; 3:104-111. [PMID: 38249540 PMCID: PMC10795742 DOI: 10.1039/d3sd00126a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Concentration-therapeutic efficacy relationships have been observed for several therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (TmAb), where low circulating levels can result in ineffective treatment and high concentrations can cause adverse reactions. Rapid therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of TmAb drugs would provide the opportunity to adjust an individual patient's dosing regimen to improve treatment results. However, TDM for immunotherapies is currently limited to centralised testing methods with long sample-collection to result timeframes. Here, we show four point-of-care (PoC) TmAb biosensors by combining anti-idiotypic Affimer proteins and NanoBiT split luciferase technology at a molecular level to provide a platform for rapid quantification (<10 minutes) for four clinically relevant TmAb (rituximab, adalimumab, ipilimumab and trastuzumab). The rituximab sensor performed best with 4 pM limit of detection (LoD) and a quantifiable range between 8 pM-2 nM with neglectable matrix effects in serum up to 1%. After dilution of serum samples, the resulting quantifiable range for all four sensors falls within the clinically relevant range and compares favourably with the sensitivity and/or time-to-result of current ELISA standards. Further development of these sensors into a PoC test may improve treatment outcome and quality of life for patients receiving immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Campbell
- School of Biomedical Science, University of Leeds Leeds LS2 9JT UK
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds LS2 9JT UK
| | - Hope Adamson
- School of Biomedical Science, University of Leeds Leeds LS2 9JT UK
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds LS2 9JT UK
| | - Timothy Luxton
- School of Biomedical Science, University of Leeds Leeds LS2 9JT UK
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds LS2 9JT UK
| | - Christian Tiede
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds LS2 9JT UK
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds Leeds LS2 9JT UK
| | - Christoph Wälti
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Leeds LS2 9JT UK
| | - Darren C Tomlinson
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds LS2 9JT UK
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds Leeds LS2 9JT UK
| | - Lars J C Jeuken
- School of Biomedical Science, University of Leeds Leeds LS2 9JT UK
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds LS2 9JT UK
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University PO Box 9502 2300 RA Leiden The Netherlands
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4
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Oliayi M, Emamzadeh R, Rastegar M, Nazari M. Tri-part NanoLuc as a new split technology with potential applications in chemical biology: a mini-review. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2023; 15:3924-3931. [PMID: 37545367 DOI: 10.1039/d3ay00512g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
For several decades, researchers have been using protein-fragment complementation assay (PCA) approaches for biosensing to study protein-protein interaction for a variety of aims, including viral infection, cellular apoptosis, G protein coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling, drug and substrate screening, and protein aggregation and protein editing by CRISPR/Cas9. As a reporter, NanoLuc (NLuc), a smaller and the brightest engineered luciferase derived from deep-sea shrimp Oplophorus gracilirostris, has been found to have many benefits over other luminescent enzymes in PCA. Inspired by the split green fluorescent protein (GFP) and its β-barrel structure, two split NLuc consisting of peptide fragments have been reported including the binary and ternary NLuc systems. NanoBiT® (large fragment + peptide) has been used extensively. In contrast, tripart split NLuc (large fragment + 2 peptides) has been applied and hardly used, while it has some advantages over NanoBiT in some studies. Nevertheless, tripart NLuc has some drawbacks and challenges to overcome but has several potential characteristics to become a multifunctional and powerful tool. In this review, several aspects of tripart NLuc are studied and a brief comparison with NanoBiT® is given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Oliayi
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Rahman Emamzadeh
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Mojgan Rastegar
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada.
| | - Mahboobeh Nazari
- Endocrine Research Center, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Nanobiotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
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5
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Yao Z, Geng B, Marcon E, Pu S, Tang H, Merluza J, Bello A, Snider J, Lu P, Wood H, Stagljar I. Omicron Spike Protein Is Vulnerable to Reduction. J Mol Biol 2023; 435:168128. [PMID: 37100168 PMCID: PMC10125213 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2023.168128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 virus spike (S) protein is an envelope protein responsible for binding to the ACE2 receptor, driving subsequent entry into host cells. The existence of multiple disulfide bonds in the S protein makes it potentially susceptible to reductive cleavage. Using a tri-part split luciferase-based binding assay, we evaluated the impacts of chemical reduction on S proteins from different virus variants and found that those from the Omicron family are highly vulnerable to reduction. Through manipulation of different Omicron mutations, we found that alterations in the receptor binding module (RBM) are the major determinants of this vulnerability. Specifically we discovered that Omicron mutations facilitate the cleavage of C480-C488 and C379-C432 disulfides, which consequently impairs binding activity and protein stability. The vulnerability of Omicron S proteins suggests a mechanism that can be harnessed to treat specific SARS-CoV-2 strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Yao
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada.
| | - Betty Geng
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Edyta Marcon
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Shuye Pu
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Hua Tang
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - John Merluza
- Zoonotic Diseases and Special Pathogens division, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3R2, Canada
| | - Alexander Bello
- Zoonotic Diseases and Special Pathogens division, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3R2, Canada
| | - Jamie Snider
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Ping Lu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Heidi Wood
- Zoonotic Diseases and Special Pathogens division, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3R2, Canada
| | - Igor Stagljar
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada; Mediterranean Institute for Life Sciences, Meštrovićevo Šetalište 45, HR-21000 Split, Croatia.
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6
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He Q, McCoy MR, Yang H, Lin M, Cui X, Zhao S, Morisseau C, Li D, Hammock BD. Mix-and-Read Nanobody-Based Sandwich Homogeneous Split-Luciferase Assay for the Rapid Detection of Human Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase. Anal Chem 2023; 95:6038-6045. [PMID: 36972550 PMCID: PMC10335774 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c00079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
The soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) is possibly both a marker for and target of numerous diseases. Herein, we describe a homogeneous mix-and-read assay for the detection of human sEH based on using split-luciferase detection coupled with anti-sEH nanobodies. Selective anti-sEH nanobodies were individually fused with NanoLuc Binary Technology (NanoBiT), which consists of a large and small portion of NanoLuc (LgBiT and SmBiT, respectively). Different orientations of the LgBiT and SmBiT-nanobody fusions were expressed and investigated for their ability to reform the active NanoLuc in the presence of the sEH. After optimization, the linear range of the assay could reach 3 orders of magnitude with a limit of detection (LOD) of 1.4 ng/mL. The assay has a high sensitivity to human sEH and reached a similar detection limit to our previously reported conventional nanobody-based ELISA. The procedure of the assay was faster (30 min total) and easy to operate, providing a more flexible and simple way to monitor human sEH levels in biological samples. In general, the immunoassay proposed here offers a more efficient detection and quantification approach that can be easily adapted to numerous macromolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiyi He
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, 95616, United States
| | - Mark R. McCoy
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, 95616, United States
| | - Huiyi Yang
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, 95616, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Mingxia Lin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xiping Cui
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Suqing Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Christophe Morisseau
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, 95616, United States
| | - Dongyang Li
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, 95616, United States
- Laboratory of Agricultural Information Intelligent Sensing, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Bruce D. Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, 95616, United States
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7
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Yue H, Nowak RP, Overwijn D, Payne NC, Fischinger S, Atyeo C, Lam EC, St. Denis K, Brais LK, Konishi Y, Sklavenitis-Pistofidis R, Baden LR, Nilles EJ, Karlson EW, Yu XG, Li JZ, Woolley AE, Ghobrial IM, Meyerhardt JA, Balazs AB, Alter G, Mazitschek R, Fischer ES. Diagnostic TR-FRET assays for detection of antibodies in patient samples. CELL REPORTS METHODS 2023; 3:100421. [PMID: 37056371 PMCID: PMC10088089 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmeth.2023.100421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Serological assays are important diagnostic tools for surveying exposure to the pathogen, monitoring immune response post vaccination, and managing spread of the infectious agent among the population. Current serological laboratory assays are often limited because they require the use of specialized laboratory technology and/or work with a limited number of sample types. Here, we evaluate an alternative by developing time-resolved Förster resonance energy transfer (TR-FRET) homogeneous assays that exhibited exceptional versatility, scalability, and sensitivity and outperformed or matched currently used strategies in terms of sensitivity, specificity, and precision. We validated the performance of the assays measuring total immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels; antibodies against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) or Middle Eastern respiratory syndrome (MERS)-CoV spike (S) protein; and SARS-CoV-2 S and nucleocapsid (N) proteins and applied it to several large sample sets and real-world applications. We further established a TR-FRET-based ACE2-S competition assay to assess the neutralization propensity of the antibodies. Overall, these TR-FRET-based serological assays can be rapidly extended to other antigens and are compatible with commonly used plate readers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Yue
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Radosław P. Nowak
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Daan Overwijn
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - N. Connor Payne
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Stephanie Fischinger
- Ragon Institute of MGH, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Caroline Atyeo
- Ragon Institute of MGH, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Evan C. Lam
- Ragon Institute of MGH, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Kerri St. Denis
- Ragon Institute of MGH, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Lauren K. Brais
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Yoshinobu Konishi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Romanos Sklavenitis-Pistofidis
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Lindsey R. Baden
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Eric J. Nilles
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Xu G. Yu
- Ragon Institute of MGH, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jonathan Z. Li
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ann E. Woolley
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Irene M. Ghobrial
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | | | - Alejandro B. Balazs
- Ragon Institute of MGH, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Galit Alter
- Ragon Institute of MGH, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Ralph Mazitschek
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Eric S. Fischer
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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8
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Burbelo PD, Ji Y, Iadarola MJ. Advancing Luciferase-Based Antibody Immunoassays to Next-Generation Mix and Read Testing. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:303. [PMID: 36979515 PMCID: PMC10046223 DOI: 10.3390/bios13030303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Antibody measurements play a central role in the diagnosis of many autoimmune and infectious diseases. One antibody detection technology, Luciferase Immunoprecipitation Systems (LIPS), utilizes genetically encoded recombinant luciferase antigen fusion proteins in an immunoglobulin capture format to generate robust antibody measurement with high diagnostic sensitivity and specificity. The LIPS technology has been highly useful in detecting antibodies for research diagnostics and the discovery of new autoantigens. The methodology of the assay requires immunoglobulin binding reagents such as protein A/G beads and washing steps to process the immune complex before antibody levels are measured by light production with a luminometer. Recently, simplified mix and read immunoassays based on split components of the nanoluciferase enzyme in a complementation format have been developed for antibody measurements without requiring immunoglobulin-capturing beads or washing steps. The mix and read immunoassays utilize two or three nanoluciferase fragments which when reconstituted via antigen-specific antibody binding generate a functional enzyme. At present, these split luciferase tests have been developed mainly for detecting SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. Here, we describe the traditional LIPS technology and compare it to the new split luciferase methodologies focusing on their technical features, strengths, limitations, and future opportunities for diagnostic research, and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter D. Burbelo
- Adeno-Associated Virus Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 202892, USA
| | - Youngmi Ji
- Adeno-Associated Virus Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 202892, USA
| | - Michael J. Iadarola
- Department of Perioperative Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 202892, USA
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9
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Norouzi M, Truong T, Jaenes K, Warner BM, Vendramelli R, Tierney K, Kobasa D, Tailor N, Plant P, dos Santos C, Babiuk S, Ambagala A, Pardee K. Cell-Free Dot Blot: an Ultra-Low-Cost and Practical Immunoassay Platform for Detection of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies in Human and Animal Sera. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0245722. [PMID: 36719206 PMCID: PMC10101024 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02457-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Since its emergence in late 2019, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused severe disruption to key aspects of human life globally and highlighted the need for timely, adaptive, and accessible pandemic response strategies. Here, we introduce the cell-free dot blot (CFDB) method, a practical and ultra-low-cost immune diagnostic platform capable of rapid response and mass immunity screening for the current and future pandemics. Similar in mechanism to the widely used enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs), our method is novel and advantageous in that (i) it uses linear DNA to produce the target viral antigen fused to a SpyTag peptide in a cell-free expression system without the need for traditional cloning and antigen purification, (ii) it uses SpyCatcher2-Apex2, an Escherichia coli-produced peroxidase conjugate as a universal secondary detection reagent, obviating the need for commercial or sophisticated enzyme conjugates, and (iii) sera are spotted directly on a nitrocellulose membrane, enabling a simple "dipping" mechanism for downstream incubation and washing steps, as opposed to individual processing of wells in a multiwell plate. To demonstrate the utility of our method, we performed CFDB to detect anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 nucleocapsid protein antibodies in precharacterized human sera (23 negative and 36 positive for COVID-19) and hamster sera (16 negative and 36 positive for COVID-19), including independent testing at a collaborating laboratory, and we show assay performance comparable to that of conventional ELISAs. At a similar capacity to 96-well plate ELISA kits, one CFDB assay costs only ~$3 USD. We believe that CFDB can become a valuable pandemic response tool for adaptive and accessible sero-surveillance in human and animal populations. IMPORTANCE The recent COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the need for diagnostic platforms that are rapidly adaptable, affordable, and accessible globally, especially for low-resource settings. To address this need, we describe the development and functional validation of a novel immunoassay technique termed the cell-free dot blot (CFDB) method. Based on the principles of cell-free synthetic biology and alternative dot blotting procedures, our CFDB immunoassay is designed to provide for timely, practical, and low-cost responses to existing and emerging public health threats, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, at a similar throughput and comparable performance as conventional ELISAs. Notably, the molecular detection reagents used in CFDB can be produced rapidly in-house, using established protocols and basic laboratory infrastructure, minimizing reliance on strained commercial reagents. In addition, the materials and imaging instruments required for CFDB are the same as those used for common Western blotting experiments, further expanding the reach of CFDB in decentralized facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Norouzi
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Thang Truong
- Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Katariina Jaenes
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bryce M. Warner
- Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Robert Vendramelli
- Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Kevin Tierney
- Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Darwyn Kobasa
- Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Nikesh Tailor
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Diseases, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Pamela Plant
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael’s Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Claudia dos Santos
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael’s Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shawn Babiuk
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Diseases, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Aruna Ambagala
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Diseases, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Keith Pardee
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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10
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Yeh YJ, Le TN, Hsiao WWW, Tung KL, Ostrikov KK, Chiang WH. Plasmonic nanostructure-enhanced Raman scattering for detection of SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein and spike protein variants. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1239:340651. [PMID: 36628748 PMCID: PMC9677586 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.340651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological control and public health monitoring during the outbreaks of infectious viral diseases rely on the ability to detect viral pathogens. Here we demonstrate a rapid, sensitive, and selective nanotechnology-enhanced severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) detection based on the surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) responses from the plasma-engineered, variant-specific antibody-functionalized silver microplasma-engineered nanoassemblies (AgMEN) interacting with the SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) and nucleocapsid (N) proteins. The three-dimensional (3D) porous AgMEN with plasmonic-active nanostructures provide a high sensitivity to virus detection via the remarkable SERS signal collection. Moreover, the variant-specific antibody-functionalization on the SERS-active AgMEN enabled the high selectivity of the SARS-CoV-2 S variants, including wild-type, Alpha, Delta, and Omicron, under the simulated human saliva conditions. The exceptional ultrahigh sensitivity of our SERS biosensor was demonstrated via SARS-CoV-2 S and N proteins at the detection limit of 1 fg mL-1 and 0.1 pg mL-1, respectively. Our work demonstrates a versatile SERS-based detection platform can be applied for the ultrasensitive detection of virus variants, infectious diseases, and cancer biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Jui Yeh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, 10607, Taiwan; Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Trong-Nghia Le
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, 10607, Taiwan; Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Wesley Wei-Wen Hsiao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, 10607, Taiwan.
| | - Kuo-Lun Tung
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan.
| | - Kostya Ken Ostrikov
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Centre for Materials Science, Centre for Biomedical Technologies, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
| | - Wei-Hung Chiang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, 10607, Taiwan.
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11
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Wang Y, Yan T, Mei K, Rao D, Wu W, Chen Y, Peng Y, Wang J, Wu S, Zhang Q. Nanomechanical assay for ultrasensitive and rapid detection of SARS-CoV-2 based on peptide nucleic acid. NANO RESEARCH 2023; 16:1183-1195. [PMID: 35610981 PMCID: PMC9118818 DOI: 10.1007/s12274-022-4333-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The massive global spread of the COVID-19 pandemic makes the development of more effective and easily popularized assays critical. Here, we developed an ultrasensitive nanomechanical method based on microcantilever array and peptide nucleic acid (PNA) for the detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) RNA. The method has an extremely low detection limit of 0.1 fM (105 copies/mL) for N-gene specific sequence (20 bp). Interestingly, it was further found that the detection limit of N gene (pharyngeal swab sample) was even lower, reaching 50 copies/mL. The large size of the N gene dramatically enhances the sensitivity of the nanomechanical sensor by up to three orders of magnitude. The detection limit of this amplification-free assay method is an order of magnitude lower than RT-PCR (500 copies/mL) that requires amplification. The non-specific signal in the assay is eliminated by the in-situ comparison of the array, reducing the false-positive misdiagnosis rate. The method is amplification-free and label-free, allowing for accurate diagnosis within 1 h. The strong specificity and ultra-sensitivity allow single base mutations in viruses to be distinguished even at very low concentrations. Also, the method remains sensitive to fM magnitude lung cancer marker (miRNA-155). Therefore, this ultrasensitive, amplification-free and inexpensive assay is expected to be used for the early diagnosis of COVID-19 patients and to be extended as a broad detection tool. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL Supplementary material (experimental section, N gene sequences and all nucleic acid sequences used in the study, Figs. S1-S6, and Tables S1-S3) is available in the online version of this article at 10.1007/s12274-022-4333-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Material, Department of Modern Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027 China
| | - Tianhao Yan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Material, Department of Modern Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027 China
| | - Kainan Mei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Material, Department of Modern Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027 China
| | - Depeng Rao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Material, Department of Modern Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027 China
| | - Wenjie Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Material, Department of Modern Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027 China
| | - Ye Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Material, Department of Modern Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027 China
| | - Yongpei Peng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Material, Department of Modern Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027 China
| | - Jianye Wang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022 China
| | - Shangquan Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Material, Department of Modern Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027 China
| | - Qingchuan Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Material, Department of Modern Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027 China
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12
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Torio EA, Ressler VT, Kincaid VA, Hurst R, Hall MP, Encell LP, Zimmerman K, Forsyth SK, Rehrauer WM, Accola MA, Hsu CC, Machleidt T, Dart ML. Development of a rapid, simple, and sensitive point-of-care technology platform utilizing ternary NanoLuc. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:970233. [PMID: 36386626 PMCID: PMC9643700 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.970233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Point-of-care tests are highly valuable in providing fast results for medical decisions for greater flexibility in patient care. Many diagnostic tests, such as ELISAs, that are commonly used within clinical laboratory settings require trained technicians, laborious workflows, and complex instrumentation hindering their translation into point-of-care applications. Herein, we demonstrate the use of a homogeneous, bioluminescent-based, split reporter platform that enables a simple, sensitive, and rapid method for analyte detection in clinical samples. We developed this point-of-care application using an optimized ternary, split-NanoLuc luciferase reporter system that consists of two small reporter peptides added as appendages to analyte-specific affinity reagents. A bright, stable bioluminescent signal is generated as the affinity reagents bind to the analyte, allowing for proximity-induced complementation between the two reporter peptides and the polypeptide protein, in addition to the furimazine substrate. Through lyophilization of the stabilized reporter system with the formulated substrate, we demonstrate a shelf-stable, all-in-one, add-and-read analyte-detection system for use in complex sample matrices at the point-of-care. We highlight the modularity of this platform using two distinct SARS-CoV-2 model systems: SARS-CoV-2 N-antigen detection for active infections and anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies for immunity status detection using chemically conjugated or genetically fused affinity reagents, respectively. This technology provides a simple and standardized method to develop rapid, robust, and sensitive analyte-detection assays with flexible assay formatting making this an ideal platform for research, clinical laboratory, as well as point-of-care applications utilizing a simple handheld luminometer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Robin Hurst
- Promega Corporation, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Mary P Hall
- Promega Corporation, Madison, WI, United States
| | | | | | | | - William M Rehrauer
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics, Clinical Laboratories, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Molly A Accola
- University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics, Clinical Laboratories, Madison, WI, United States
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13
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Xie X, He Z, Qu C, Sun Z, Cao H, Liu X. Nanobody/NanoBiT system-mediated bioluminescence immunosensor for one-step homogeneous detection of trace ochratoxin A in food. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 437:129435. [PMID: 35753304 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Hazardous small molecules in food and environment seriously threatens human health, which requires sensitive and rapid tools for monitoring. Using a previously identified nanobody against ochratoxin A (OTA), we herein proposed a homogeneous sensing platform "nanobody/NanoLuc Binary Technology (NanoBiT) system" and developed a nanobody/NanoBiT system-mediated bioluminescence immunosensor (NBL-Immunosens) for OTA using LgBiT (Lg) and SmBiT (Sm), two subunits of the split nanoluciferase (NanoLuc). The core elements of NBL-Immunosens include Lg-nanobody fusion (NLg) and Sm-labeled OTA-bovine serum albumin conjugate (OSm). The antigen-antibody interaction between NLg and OSm triggers the reconstitution of NanoLuc for generating luminescence signals. Moreover, free OTA can compete with OSm for binding to NLg, resulting the decrease of dose-dependent signals. NBL-Immunosens can detect OTA in a one-step assay of 5 min without washing and exhibit a limit of detection of 0.01 ng/mL with a linear range of 0.04-2.23 ng/mL. It shows high selectivity for OTA and has good accuracy and precision in the spiking-and-recovery experiments. Furthermore, its effectiveness was evaluated with real cereal samples and confirmed by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry and commercial ELISA kits. Hence, the NBL-Immunosens is a very promising tool for rapid, accurate, and selective detection of trace OTA in food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxia Xie
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruits and Vegetables Quality and Safety for State Market Regulation, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Zhenyun He
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruits and Vegetables Quality and Safety for State Market Regulation, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Chaoshuang Qu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruits and Vegetables Quality and Safety for State Market Regulation, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Zhichang Sun
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruits and Vegetables Quality and Safety for State Market Regulation, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Hongmei Cao
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruits and Vegetables Quality and Safety for State Market Regulation, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Xing Liu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruits and Vegetables Quality and Safety for State Market Regulation, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
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14
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Ren L, Feng W, Hong F, Wang Z, Huang H, Chen Y. One-step homogeneous micro-orifice resistance immunoassay for detection of chlorpyrifos in orange samples. Food Chem 2022; 386:132712. [PMID: 35339078 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In this work, a one-step homogeneous micro-orifice resistance immunoassay has been proposed for chlorpyrifos detection by integrating functionalized polystyrene (PS) microsphere probes with particle counting technology. The particle counter is highly sensitive and accurate for detecting the state of PS microspheres, where the particles of different states exhibit significant differences in resistance. The state of the functionalized PS microspheres is altered from dispersed to aggregated during the antigen-antibody recognition. Based on the degree of aggregation of the functionalized PS microsphere probes, chlorpyrifos can be quantitatively detected through the competitive immune response between PS antibodies and PS complete antigens. This one-step homogeneous micro-orifice resistance immunoassay simplified the procedures and greatly increased the sensitivity of detection, which has been successfully applied to detect chlorpyrifos in orange samples within 0.5 h, with the detection limit of 0.058 ng/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangqiong Ren
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Shenzhen Institute of Nutrition and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Wanxian Feng
- College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Shenzhen Institute of Nutrition and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Feng Hong
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Zhilong Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Shenzhen Institute of Nutrition and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Hanying Huang
- College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Yiping Chen
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China; Shenzhen Institute of Nutrition and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Shenzhen, China.
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15
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Tang Y, Song T, Gao L, Yin S, Ma M, Tan Y, Wu L, Yang Y, Wang Y, Lin T, Li F. A CRISPR-based ultrasensitive assay detects attomolar concentrations of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in clinical samples. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4667. [PMID: 35945418 PMCID: PMC9361972 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32371-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
CRISPR diagnostics are powerful tools for detecting nucleic acids but are generally not deployable for the detection of clinically important proteins. Here, we report an ultrasensitive CRISPR-based antibody detection (UCAD) assay that translates the detection of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies into CRISPR-based nucleic acid detection in a homogeneous solution and is 10,000 times more sensitive than the classic immunoassays. Clinical validation using serum samples collected from the general population (n = 197), demonstrates that UCAD has 100% sensitivity and 98.5% specificity. With ultrahigh sensitivity, UCAD enables the quantitative analysis of serum anti-SARS-CoV-2 levels in vaccinated kidney transplant recipients who are shown to produce “undetectable” anti-SARS-CoV-2 using standard immunoassay. Because of the high sensitivity and simplicity, we anticipate that, upon further clinical validation against large cohorts of clinical samples, UCAD will find wide applications for clinical uses in both centralized laboratories and point-of-care settings. CRISPR diagnostics are routinely used for the detecting nucleic acids, but rarely for clinically important proteins. Here, by translating a CRISPR-based DNA test into an ultrasensitive assay for antibodies, the authors achieve antibody detection from serum samples at attomolar concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Tang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610064, China
| | - Turun Song
- Urology Department, Urology Research Institute, Organ Transplantation Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Lu Gao
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610064, China
| | - Saifu Yin
- Urology Department, Urology Research Institute, Organ Transplantation Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Ming Ma
- Urology Department, Urology Research Institute, Organ Transplantation Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Yun Tan
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610064, China
| | - Lijuan Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Immunity, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yanqun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Centre for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Tao Lin
- Urology Department, Urology Research Institute, Organ Transplantation Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China.
| | - Feng Li
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610064, China. .,Department of Chemistry, Centre for Biotechnology, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada.
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16
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Li J, Wang JL, Zhang WL, Tu Z, Cai XF, Wang YW, Gan CY, Deng HJ, Cui J, Shu ZC, Long QX, Chen J, Tang N, Hu X, Huang AL, Hu JL. Protein sensors combining both on-and-off model for antibody homogeneous assay. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 209:114226. [PMID: 35413624 PMCID: PMC8968183 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Protein sensors based on allosteric enzymes responding to target binding with rapid changes in enzymatic activity are potential tools for homogeneous assays. However, a high signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) is difficult to achieve in their construction. A high S/N is critical to discriminate signals from the background, a phenomenon that might largely vary among serum samples from different individuals. Herein, based on the modularized luciferase NanoLuc, we designed a novel biosensor called NanoSwitch. This sensor allows direct detection of antibodies in 1 μl serum in 45 min without washing steps. In the detection of Flag and HA antibodies, NanoSwitches respond to antibodies with S/N ratios of 33-fold and 42-fold, respectively. Further, we constructed a NanoSwitch for detecting SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies, which showed over 200-fold S/N in serum samples. High S/N was achieved by a new working model, combining the turn-off of the sensor with human serum albumin and turn-on with a specific antibody. Also, we constructed NanoSwitches for detecting antibodies against the core protein of hepatitis C virus (HCV) and gp41 of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Interestingly, these sensors demonstrated a high S/N and good performance in the assays of clinical samples; this was partly attributed to the combination of off-and-on models. In summary, we provide a novel type of protein sensor and a working model that potentially guides new sensor design with better performance.
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17
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Kincaid VA, Wang H, Sondgeroth CA, Torio EA, Ressler VT, Fitzgerald C, Hall MP, Hurst R, Wood MG, Gilden JK, Kirkland TA, Lazar D, Chia-Chang H, Encell LP, Machleidt T, Zhou W, Dart ML. Simple, Rapid Chemical Labeling and Screening of Antibodies with Luminescent Peptides. ACS Chem Biol 2022; 17:2179-2187. [PMID: 35862857 PMCID: PMC9396617 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.2c00306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Sensitive and selective detection assays are essential
for the
accurate measurement of analytes in both clinical and research laboratories.
Immunoassays that rely on nonoverlapping antibodies directed against
the same target analyte (e.g., sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent
assays (ELISAs)) are commonly used molecular detection technologies.
Use of split enzyme reporters has simplified the workflow for these
traditionally complex assays. However, identifying functional antibody
pairs for a given target analyte can be cumbersome, as it generally
involves generating and screening panels of antibodies conjugated
to reporters. Accordingly, we sought a faster and easier reporter
conjugation strategy to streamline antibody screening. We describe
here the development of such a method that is based on an optimized
ternary NanoLuc luciferase. This bioluminescence complementation system
is comprised of a reagent-based thermally stable polypeptide (LgTrip)
and two small peptide tags (β9 and β10) with lysine-reactive
handles for direct conjugation onto antibodies. These reagents enable
fast, single-step, wash-free antibody labeling and sensitive functional
screening. Simplicity, speed, and utility of the one-pot labeling
technology are demonstrated in screening antibody pairs for the analyte
interleukin-4. The screen resulted in the rapid development of a sensitive
homogeneous immunoassay for this clinically relevant cytokine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hui Wang
- Promega Biosciences LLC, San Luis Obispo, California 93401, United States
| | | | - Emily A Torio
- Promega Corporation, Madison, Wisconsin 53711, United States
| | | | - Connor Fitzgerald
- Promega Biosciences LLC, San Luis Obispo, California 93401, United States
| | - Mary P Hall
- Promega Corporation, Madison, Wisconsin 53711, United States
| | - Robin Hurst
- Promega Corporation, Madison, Wisconsin 53711, United States
| | - Monika G Wood
- Promega Corporation, Madison, Wisconsin 53711, United States
| | - Julia K Gilden
- Promega Corporation, Madison, Wisconsin 53711, United States
| | - Thomas A Kirkland
- Promega Biosciences LLC, San Luis Obispo, California 93401, United States
| | - Dan Lazar
- Promega Corporation, Madison, Wisconsin 53711, United States
| | - Hsu Chia-Chang
- Promega Corporation, Madison, Wisconsin 53711, United States
| | - Lance P Encell
- Promega Corporation, Madison, Wisconsin 53711, United States
| | | | - Wenhui Zhou
- Promega Biosciences LLC, San Luis Obispo, California 93401, United States
| | - Melanie L Dart
- Promega Corporation, Madison, Wisconsin 53711, United States
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18
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McArthur N, Cruz-Teran C, Thatavarty A, Reeves GT, Rao BM. Experimental and Analytical Framework for "Mix-and-Read" Assays Based on Split Luciferase. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:24551-24560. [PMID: 35874239 PMCID: PMC9301641 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c02319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The use of immunodetection assays including the widely used enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in applications such as point-of-care detection is often limited by the need for protein immobilization and multiple binding and washing steps. Here, we describe an experimental and analytical framework for the development of simple and modular "mix-and-read" enzymatic complementation assays based on split luciferase that enable sensitive detection and quantification of analytes in solution. In this assay, two engineered protein binders targeting nonoverlapping epitopes on the target analyte were each fused to nonactive fragments of luciferase to create biosensor probes. Binding proteins to two model targets, lysozyme and Sso6904, were isolated from a combinatorial library of Sso7d mutants using yeast surface display. In the presence of the analyte, probes were brought into close proximity, reconstituting enzymatic activity of luciferase and enabling detection of low picomolar concentrations of the analyte by chemiluminescence. Subsequently, we constructed an equilibrium binding model that relates binding affinities of the binding proteins for the target, assay parameters such as the concentrations of probes used, and assay performance (limit of detection and concentration range over which the target can be quantified). Overall, our experimental and analytical framework provides the foundation for the development of split luciferase assays for detection and quantification of various targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikki McArthur
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Carlos Cruz-Teran
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Apoorva Thatavarty
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Gregory T. Reeves
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
- Interdisciplinary
Program in Genetics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Balaji M. Rao
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
- Golden
LEAF Biomanufacturing Training and Education Center (BTEC), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
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19
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Kinnamon DS, Heggestad JT, Liu J, Chilkoti A. Technologies for Frugal and Sensitive Point-of-Care Immunoassays. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2022; 15:123-149. [PMID: 35216530 PMCID: PMC10024863 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-061020-123817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Immunoassays are a powerful tool for sensitive and quantitative analysis of a wide range of biomolecular analytes in the clinic and in research laboratories. However, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)-the gold-standard assay-requires significant user intervention, time, and clinical resources, making its deployment at the point-of-care (POC) impractical. Researchers have made great strides toward democratizing access to clinical quality immunoassays at the POC and at an affordable price. In this review, we first summarize the commercially available options that offer high performance, albeit at high cost. Next, we describe strategies for the development of frugal POC assays that repurpose consumer electronics and smartphones for the quantitative detection of analytes. Finally, we discuss innovative assay formats that enable highly sensitive analysis in the field with simple instrumentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S Kinnamon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA;
| | - Jacob T Heggestad
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA;
| | - Jason Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA;
| | - Ashutosh Chilkoti
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA;
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20
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Adamson H, Ajayi MO, Gilroy KE, McPherson MJ, Tomlinson DC, Jeuken LJC. Rapid Quantification of C. difficile Glutamate Dehydrogenase and Toxin B (TcdB) with a NanoBiT Split-Luciferase Assay. Anal Chem 2022; 94:8156-8163. [PMID: 35634999 PMCID: PMC9201815 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c05206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
C. difficile infection (CDI) is a leading healthcare-associated
infection with a high morbidity and mortality and is a financial burden.
No current standalone point-of-care test (POCT) is sufficient for
the identification of true CDI over a disease-free carriage of C. difficile, so one is urgently required to ensure timely,
appropriate treatment. Here, two types of binding proteins, Affimers
and nanobodies, targeting two C. difficile biomarkers,
glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) and toxin B (TcdB), are combined in
NanoBiT (NanoLuc Binary Technology) split-luciferase assays. The assays
were optimized and their performance controlling parameters were examined.
The 44 fM limit of detection (LoD), 4–5 log range and 1300-fold
signal gain of the TcdB assay in buffer is the best observed for a
NanoBiT assay to date. In the stool sample matrix, the GDH and TcdB
assay sensitivity (LoD = 4.5 and 2 pM, respectively) and time to result
(32 min) are similar to a current, commercial lateral flow POCT, but
the NanoBit assay has no wash steps, detects clinically relevant TcdB
over TcdA, and is quantitative. Development of the assay into a POCT
may drive sensitivity further and offer an urgently needed ultrasensitive
TcdB test for the rapid diagnosis of true CDI. The NanoBiTBiP (NanoBiT
with Binding Proteins) system offers advantages over NanoBiT assays
with antibodies as binding elements in terms of ease of production
and assay performance. We expect this methodology and approach to
be generally applicable to other biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hope Adamson
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Modupe O. Ajayi
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Kate E. Gilroy
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Michael J. McPherson
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Darren C. Tomlinson
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Lars J. C. Jeuken
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, PC Box 9502, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands
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21
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Kong J, Li W, Hu J, Zhao S, Yue T, Li Z, Xia Y. The Safety of Cold-Chain Food in Post-COVID-19 Pandemic: Precaution and Quarantine. Foods 2022; 11:foods11111540. [PMID: 35681292 PMCID: PMC9180738 DOI: 10.3390/foods11111540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the outbreak of coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19), cold-chain food contamination caused by the pathogenic severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has attracted huge concern. Cold-chain foods provide a congenial environment for SARS-CoV-2 survival, which presents a potential risk for public health. Strengthening the SARS-CoV-2 supervision of cold-chain foods has become the top priority in many countries. Methodologically, the potential safety risks and precaution measures of SARS-CoV-2 contamination on cold-chain food are analyzed. To ensure the safety of cold-chain foods, the advances in SARS-CoV-2 detection strategies are summarized based on technical principles and target biomarkers. In particular, the techniques suitable for SARS-CoV-2 detection in a cold-chain environment are discussed. Although many quarantine techniques are available, the field-based quarantine technique on cold-chain food with characteristics of real-time, sensitive, specific, portable, and large-scale application is urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Kong
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (J.K.); (W.L.); (J.H.); (S.Z.); (T.Y.); (Z.L.)
| | - Wenxin Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (J.K.); (W.L.); (J.H.); (S.Z.); (T.Y.); (Z.L.)
| | - Jinyao Hu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (J.K.); (W.L.); (J.H.); (S.Z.); (T.Y.); (Z.L.)
| | - Shixuan Zhao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (J.K.); (W.L.); (J.H.); (S.Z.); (T.Y.); (Z.L.)
| | - Tianli Yue
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (J.K.); (W.L.); (J.H.); (S.Z.); (T.Y.); (Z.L.)
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products, Ministry of Agriculture, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Zhonghong Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (J.K.); (W.L.); (J.H.); (S.Z.); (T.Y.); (Z.L.)
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products, Ministry of Agriculture, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Yinqiang Xia
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (J.K.); (W.L.); (J.H.); (S.Z.); (T.Y.); (Z.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-151-2222-5493
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22
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Engineering light-initiated afterglow lateral flow immunoassay for infectious disease diagnostics. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 212:114411. [PMID: 35623251 PMCID: PMC9119864 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The pandemic of highly contagious diseases has put forward urgent requirements for high sensitivity and adaptive capacity of point-of-care testing (POCT). Herein, for the first time, we report an aggregation-induced emission (AIE) dye-energized light-initiated afterglow nanoprobes (named LiAGNPs), implemented onto a lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) test strip, for diagnosis of two highly contagious diseases, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) as model validation. The primary working mechanism relies on the cyclically generated singlet oxygen (1O2)-triggered time-resolved luminescent signals of LiAGNPs in which AIE dyes (TTMN) and chemiluminescent substrates (SO) are loaded. The designed LiAGNPs were found 2-fold and 32-fold sensitive than the currently used Eu(III)-based time-resolved fluorescent nanoparticles and gold nanoparticles in lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA), respectively. In addition, the extra optical behaviors of nude color and fluorescence of LiAGNPs enable the LFIA platform with the capability of the naked eye and fluorescent detection to satisfy the applications under varying scenarios. In short, the versatile LiAGNPs have great potential as a novel time-resolved reporter in enhancing detection sensitivity and application flexibility with LFIA platform for rapid but sensitive infectious disease diagnostics.
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23
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Xie X, Li J, Zhen X, Chen L, Yuan W, Feng Q, Liu X. Rational construction of fluorescent molecular imprinted polymers for highly efficient glycoprotein detection. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1209:339875. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.339875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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24
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McLure RJ, Radford SE, Brockwell DJ. High-throughput directed evolution: a golden era for protein science. TRENDS IN CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trechm.2022.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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25
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Zhang J, Xing S, Liang D, Hu W, Ke C, He J, Yuan R, Huang Y, Li Y, Liu D, Zhang X, Li L, Lin J, Li W, Teng X, Liu Y, Wen W, Kang Q, Wang D, Liu W, Xu J. Differential Antibody Response to Inactivated COVID-19 Vaccines in Healthy Subjects. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 11:791660. [PMID: 34976867 PMCID: PMC8716725 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.791660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The appearance and magnitude of the immune response and the related factors correlated with SARS-CoV-2 vaccination need to be defined. Here, we enrolled a prospective cohort of 52 participants who received two doses of inactivated vaccines (BBIBP-CorV). Their serial plasma samples (n = 260) over 2 months were collected at five timepoints. We measured antibody responses (NAb, S-IgG and S-IgM) and routine blood parameter. NAb seroconversion occurred in 90.7% of vaccinated individuals and four typical NAb kinetic curves were observed. All of the participants who seroconverted after the first dose were females and had relatively high prevaccine estradiol levels. Moreover, those without seroconversion tended to have lower lymphocyte counts and higher serum SAA levels than those who experienced seroconversion. The NAb titers in young vaccine recipients had a significantly higher peak than those in elderly recipients. S-IgG and S-IgM dynamics were accompanied by similar trends in NAb. Here, we gained insight into the dynamic changes in NAbs and preliminarily explored the prevaccine blood parameters related to the kinetic subclasses, providing a reference for vaccination strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shunde Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Foshan, China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shan Xing
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dan Liang
- Guangdong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Hu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shunde Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Foshan, China
| | - Changwen Ke
- Guangdong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinyong He
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shunde Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Foshan, China
| | - Runyu Yuan
- Guangdong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yile Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shunde Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Foshan, China
| | - Yizhe Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shunde Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Foshan, China
| | - Dongdong Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuedong Zhang
- Department of Medical Affairs, Autobio Diagnostics Co. Ltd, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shunde Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Foshan, China
| | - Jianhua Lin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weili Li
- Research & Development Centers, Autobio Diagnostics Co. Ltd, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiangyun Teng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shunde Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Foshan, China
| | - Yijun Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Wen
- Health Management Research Center, Shunde Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Foshan, China
| | - Qiang Kang
- Emergency Department, Shunde Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Foshan, China
| | - Dawei Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shunde Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Foshan, China
| | - Wanli Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianhua Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shunde Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Foshan, China
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26
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Azad T, Janse van Rensburg HJ, Morgan J, Rezaei R, Crupi MJF, Chen R, Ghahremani M, Jamalkhah M, Forbes N, Ilkow C, Bell JC. Luciferase-Based Biosensors in the Era of the COVID-19 Pandemic. ACS NANOSCIENCE AU 2021; 1:15-37. [PMID: 37579261 PMCID: PMC8370122 DOI: 10.1021/acsnanoscienceau.1c00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Luciferase-based biosensors have a wide range of applications and assay formats, including their relatively recent use in the study of viruses. Split luciferase, bioluminescence resonance energy transfer, circularly permuted luciferase, cyclic luciferase, and dual luciferase systems have all been used to interrogate the structure and function of prominent viruses infecting humans, animals, and plants. The utility of these assays is demonstrated by numerous studies which have not only successfully characterized interactions between viral and host cell proteins but that have also used these systems to identify viral inhibitors. In the present COVID-19 pandemic, luciferase-based biosensors are already playing a critical role in the study of the culprit virus SARS-CoV-2 as well as in the development of serological assays and drug development via high-throughput screening. In this review paper, we provide a summary of existing luciferase-based biosensors and their applications in virology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taha Azad
- Centre
for Innovative Cancer Research, Ottawa Hospital
Research Institute, Ottawa K1H 8L6, Canada
- Department
of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa K1H 8M5, Canada
| | | | - Jessica Morgan
- Centre
for Innovative Cancer Research, Ottawa Hospital
Research Institute, Ottawa K1H 8L6, Canada
- Department
of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Reza Rezaei
- Centre
for Innovative Cancer Research, Ottawa Hospital
Research Institute, Ottawa K1H 8L6, Canada
- Department
of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Mathieu J. F. Crupi
- Centre
for Innovative Cancer Research, Ottawa Hospital
Research Institute, Ottawa K1H 8L6, Canada
- Department
of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Rui Chen
- Centre
for Innovative Cancer Research, Ottawa Hospital
Research Institute, Ottawa K1H 8L6, Canada
- Department
of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Mina Ghahremani
- Canada
Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Monire Jamalkhah
- Centre
for Innovative Cancer Research, Ottawa Hospital
Research Institute, Ottawa K1H 8L6, Canada
- Department
of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Nicole Forbes
- Centre
for Communicable Diseases and Infection Control, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa K2E 1B6, Canada
| | - Carolina Ilkow
- Centre
for Innovative Cancer Research, Ottawa Hospital
Research Institute, Ottawa K1H 8L6, Canada
- Department
of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - John C. Bell
- Centre
for Innovative Cancer Research, Ottawa Hospital
Research Institute, Ottawa K1H 8L6, Canada
- Department
of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa K1H 8M5, Canada
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27
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Deng M, Yuan J, Yang H, Wu X, Wei X, Du Y, Wong G, Tao Y, Liu G, Jin Z, Chu J. A Genetically Encoded Bioluminescent System for Fast and Highly Sensitive Detection of Antibodies with a Bright Green Fluorescent Protein. ACS NANO 2021; 15:17602-17612. [PMID: 34726889 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c05164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A method for fast and highly sensitive detection of antibodies in serum would greatly facilitate the early diagnosis of disease and infection and dose optimization of therapeutic antibody. Bioluminescence detection with LUMABS (renamed mNeonG-LUMABS, where mNeonG is short for mNeonGreen) sensors based on bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) between blue-emitting luciferase Nluc and green fluorescent protein (FP) mNeonGreen has been demonstrated to enable fast detection of antibodies directly in serum with reasonable sensitivity. However, some mNeonG-LUMABS sensors exhibit low sensitivity, and thus, sensitivity improvement remains imperative. Here, we report a bright green FP, Clover4, obtained by structure-guided mutagenesis of green FP Clover. Despite similar brightness and fluorescence spectra of Clover and mNeonGreen, Clover4-LUMABS sensors exhibit a largely increased dynamic range (maximum 20-fold) and much lower limit of detection (LOD) (maximum 5.6-fold), most likely because Clover4 is positioned in a more parallel orientation to Nluc in LUMABS. Due to modular design, Clover4-LUMABS offers a general BRET system for fast and highly sensitive antibody detection in serum.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jing Yuan
- Institute of Systems and Physical Biology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518132, China
| | - Haibin Yang
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR 999078, China
- Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Xuli Wu
- College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | | | - Yang Du
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Kobilka Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, China
| | - Garry Wong
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR 999078, China
| | - Yuyong Tao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Membrane-less Organelles & Cellular Dynamics, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Gang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
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28
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Belleti E, Bevilaqua VR, Brito AMM, Modesto DA, Lanfredi AJC, Viviani VR, Nantes-Cardoso IL. Synthesis of bioluminescent gold nanoparticle-luciferase hybrid systems for technological applications. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2021; 20:1439-1453. [PMID: 34613602 PMCID: PMC8493054 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-021-00111-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Bioluminescent gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were synthesized in situ using dithiol-terminated polyethylene glycol (PEG(SH)2) as reducer and stabilizing agents. Hybrid Au/F3O4 nanoparticles were also produced in a variation of synthesis, and both types of nanostructures had the polymer capping replaced by L-cysteine (Cys). The four types of nanoparticles, PEG(SH)2AuNPs, PEG(SH)2Au/F3O4NPs, CysAuNPs, and CysAu/F3O4NPs were associated with purified recombinant Pyrearinus termitilluminans green emitting click beetle luciferase (PyLuc) and Phrixotrix hirtus (RELuc) red-emitting railroad worm luciferase. Enzyme association with PEG(SH)2 was also investigated as a control. Luciferases were chosen because they catalyze bioluminescent reactions used in a wide range of bioanalytical applications, including ATP assays, gene reporting, high-throughput screening, bioluminescence imaging, biosensors and other bioluminescence-based assays. The immobilization of PyLuc and RELuc promoted partial suppression of the enzyme luminescence activity in a functionalization-dependent way. Association of PyLuc and RELuc with AuNPs increased the enzyme operational stability in relation to the free enzyme, as evidenced by the luminescence intensity from 0 to 7 h after substrate addition. The stability of the immobilized enzymes was also functionalization-dependent and the association with CysAuNPs was the condition that combined more sustained luminescent activity with a low degree of luminescence quenching. The higher enzymatic stability and sustained luminescence of luciferases associated with nanoparticles may improve the applicability of bioluminescence for bioimaging and biosensing purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisângela Belleti
- Universidade Federal do ABC (UFABC), Av. dos Estados, 5001, Bairro Bangu, Santo André, SP, 09210-580, Brazil
| | - Vanessa R Bevilaqua
- Graduate School of Evolutive Genetics and Molecular Biology (UFSCar), São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Adrianne M M Brito
- Universidade Federal do ABC (UFABC), Av. dos Estados, 5001, Bairro Bangu, Santo André, SP, 09210-580, Brazil
| | - Diego A Modesto
- Universidade Federal do ABC (UFABC), Av. dos Estados, 5001, Bairro Bangu, Santo André, SP, 09210-580, Brazil
| | - Alexandre J C Lanfredi
- Universidade Federal do ABC (UFABC), Av. dos Estados, 5001, Bairro Bangu, Santo André, SP, 09210-580, Brazil
| | - Vadim R Viviani
- Universidade Federal do ABC (UFABC), Av. dos Estados, 5001, Bairro Bangu, Santo André, SP, 09210-580, Brazil
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Environmental Monitoring (UFSCar), Sorocaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Iseli L Nantes-Cardoso
- Universidade Federal do ABC (UFABC), Av. dos Estados, 5001, Bairro Bangu, Santo André, SP, 09210-580, Brazil.
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29
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Guo X, Zhao K, Liu X, Lei B, Zhang W, Li X, Yuan W. Construction and Generation of a Recombinant Senecavirus a Stably Expressing the NanoLuc Luciferase for Quantitative Antiviral Assay. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:745502. [PMID: 34659180 PMCID: PMC8517534 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.745502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Senecavirus A (SVA), also known as Seneca Valley virus, is a recently emerged picornavirus that can cause swine vesicular disease, posing a great threat to the global swine industry. A recombinant reporter virus (rSVA-Nluc) stably expressing the nanoluciferase (Nluc) gene between SVA 2A and 2B was developed to rapidly detect anti-SVA neutralizing antibodies and establish a high-throughput screen for antiviral agents. This recombinant virus displayed similar growth kinetics as the parental virus and remained stable for more than 10 passages in BHK-21 cells. As a proof-of-concept for its utility for rapid antiviral screening, this reporter virus was used to rapidly quantify anti-SVA neutralizing antibodies in 13 swine sera samples and screen for antiviral agents, including interferons ribavirin and interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs). Subsequently, interfering RNAs targeting different regions of the SVA genome were screened using the reporter virus. This reporter virus (rSVA-Nluc) represents a useful tool for rapid and quantitative screening and evaluation of antivirals against SVA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoran Guo
- College of Animal Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Kuan Zhao
- College of Animal Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Xiaona Liu
- College of Animal Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Baishi Lei
- College of Animal Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Wuchao Zhang
- College of Animal Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Xiuli Li
- College of Animal Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Wanzhe Yuan
- College of Animal Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China.,Hebei Veterinary Biotechnology Innovation Center, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China.,North China Research Center of Animal Epidemic Pathogen Biology, China Agriculture Ministry, Baoding, China
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30
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Drugging the undruggable proteins in cancer: A systems biology approach. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2021; 66:102079. [PMID: 34426091 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2021.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, the research community has, with comprehensive systems biology approaches and related technologies, gained insight into the vast complexity of numerous cancers. These approaches allow an in-depth exploration that cannot be achieved solely using conventional low-throughput methods, which do not closely mimic the natural cellular environment. In this review, we discuss recent integrative multiple omics approaches for understanding and modulating previously identified 'undruggable' targets such as members of the RAS family, MYC, TP53, and various E3 ligases and deubiquitinases. We describe how these technologies have revolutionized drug discovery by overcoming an array of biological and technological challenges and how, in the future, they will be pivotal in assessing cancer states in individual patients, allowing for the prediction and application of personalized disease treatments.
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31
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Almáši M. A review on state of art and perspectives of Metal-Organic frameworks (MOFs) in the fight against coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. J COORD CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2021.1965130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miroslav Almáši
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, Moyzesova 11, Košice, 041 54, Slovak Republic
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32
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A plug-and-play platform of ratiometric bioluminescent sensors for homogeneous immunoassays. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4586. [PMID: 34321486 PMCID: PMC8319308 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24874-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Heterogeneous immunoassays such as ELISA have become indispensable in modern bioanalysis, yet translation into point-of-care assays is hindered by their dependence on external calibration and multiple washing and incubation steps. Here, we introduce RAPPID (Ratiometric Plug-and-Play Immunodiagnostics), a mix-and-measure homogeneous immunoassay platform that combines highly specific antibody-based detection with a ratiometric bioluminescent readout. The concept entails analyte-induced complementation of split NanoLuc luciferase fragments, photoconjugated to an antibody sandwich pair via protein G adapters. Introduction of a calibrator luciferase provides a robust ratiometric signal that allows direct in-sample calibration and quantitative measurements in complex media such as blood plasma. We developed RAPPID sensors that allow low-picomolar detection of several protein biomarkers, anti-drug antibodies, therapeutic antibodies, and both SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. With its easy-to-implement standardized workflow, RAPPID provides an attractive, fast, and low-cost alternative to traditional immunoassays, in an academic setting, in clinical laboratories, and for point-of-care applications. Many current immunoassays require multiple washing, incubation and optimization steps. Here the authors present Ratiometric Plug-and-Play Immunodiagnostics (RAPPID), a generic assay platform that uses ratiometric bioluminescent detection to allow sandwich immunoassays to be performed directly in solution.
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