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Lan Y, Gong Y, Pang X, Feng Y, Ran Y, Guo H, Lu X. Construction of imine-hydrazone dual linkage covalent organic frameworks. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:9534-9537. [PMID: 39148473 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc03708a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
The development of dual linkage covalent organic frameworks (DL-COFs) is fundamentally important for creating diversified structures and functions. Herein, imine-hydrazone DL-COFs were synthesized for the first time. Three novel imine-hydrazone DL-COFs have been constructed with bifunctional molecule 4-amino-2-methoxybenzohydrazide as the key building block via imine and hydrazone condensations simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yubao Lan
- Key Laboratory of Water Security and Water Environment Protection in Plateau Intersection (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Bioelectrochemistry and Environmental Analysis of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, P. R. China.
| | - Yufeng Gong
- Key Laboratory of Water Security and Water Environment Protection in Plateau Intersection (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Bioelectrochemistry and Environmental Analysis of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, P. R. China.
| | - Xiaoya Pang
- Key Laboratory of Water Security and Water Environment Protection in Plateau Intersection (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Bioelectrochemistry and Environmental Analysis of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, P. R. China.
| | - Yanjun Feng
- Key Laboratory of Water Security and Water Environment Protection in Plateau Intersection (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Bioelectrochemistry and Environmental Analysis of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, P. R. China.
| | - Yi Ran
- Key Laboratory of Water Security and Water Environment Protection in Plateau Intersection (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Bioelectrochemistry and Environmental Analysis of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, P. R. China.
| | - Huixia Guo
- Key Laboratory of Water Security and Water Environment Protection in Plateau Intersection (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Bioelectrochemistry and Environmental Analysis of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, P. R. China.
| | - Xiaoquan Lu
- Key Laboratory of Water Security and Water Environment Protection in Plateau Intersection (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Bioelectrochemistry and Environmental Analysis of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, P. R. China.
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2
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Li Z, Tsuneyuki T, Paitandi RP, Nakazato T, Odawara M, Tsutsui Y, Tanaka T, Miyake Y, Shinokubo H, Takagi M, Shimazaki T, Tachikawa M, Suzuki K, Kaji H, Ghosh S, Seki S. Ultrafine Spatial Modulation of Diazapyrene-Based Two-Dimensional Conjugated Covalent Organic Frameworks. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:23497-23507. [PMID: 39115422 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c07091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/22/2024]
Abstract
Tailormade bottom-up synthesis of covalent organic frameworks (COFs) from various functional building blocks offer not only tunable topology and pore size but also multidimensional properties. High crystallinity is one of the prerequisites for their structures and associated physicochemical properties. Among different π-conjugated motifs for constructing COFs, pyrene-based tetragonal structures are effective in achieving highly ordered and crystalline states. In the present research, we demonstrated that the substitution of pyrene with 2,7-diazapyrene produces nearly "flat" structures of two-dimensional (2D) COF layers by controlling the torsional angle of linker molecules. Featuring finite pore diameters and excellent thermodynamic stability of ∼500 °C, ordered face-to-face (slipped AA) stacking arrangements were produced. Extended electrical conjugation spanning 2D frames with modest optical bandgaps (Eg) of ∼2.1 eV shows the planar character of diazapyrene-based COFs. The stacking of the conjugated 2D frames with small Eg values is also beneficial for the formation of highly stable conducting pathways in the crystalline state, which was confirmed by the results of the microwave conductivity measurements. Nitrogen centers in diazapyrene units also play a key role as the active sites for proton transfer, and the maximum proton conductivity of σ = 10-2 S cm-1 was achieved along the cocontinuous nanopore structures surrounded by the active sites. Results show that tetragonal COFs based on diazapyrene can be used as a highly crystalline two-dimensional material with special electrical and proton-conducting capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuowei Li
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Takahiro Tsuneyuki
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Rajendra Prasad Paitandi
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Takumi Nakazato
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8603, Japan
| | - Masahiro Odawara
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8603, Japan
| | - Yusuke Tsutsui
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Takayuki Tanaka
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Miyake
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8603, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shinokubo
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8603, Japan
| | - Makito Takagi
- Graduate School of Nanobio Science, Yokohama City University, 22-2 Seto, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0027, Japan
| | - Tomomi Shimazaki
- Graduate School of Nanobio Science, Yokohama City University, 22-2 Seto, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0027, Japan
| | - Masanori Tachikawa
- Graduate School of Nanobio Science, Yokohama City University, 22-2 Seto, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0027, Japan
| | - Katsuaki Suzuki
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Hironori Kaji
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Samrat Ghosh
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Shu Seki
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
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3
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Cheng YZ, Yang DH, Ji W, Hao PY, Ma P, Wang J, Niu J, Ding X, Zhang L, Han BH. Restricted Growth of Vinylene-Linked Covalent Organic Frameworks along Two-Dimensional Plane Using Heterogeneous Catalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:22959-22969. [PMID: 39106438 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c01836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/09/2024]
Abstract
The vinylene-linked covalent organic frameworks (viCOFs) have been generally synthesized in the presence of homogeneous catalysts such as KOH or trifluoroacetic acid. However, highly ordered viCOFs cannot always be obtained due to the uncommitted growth of viCOF layers in the homogeneous system with ubiquitous catalysts. Here, we propose a scalable protocol to restrict the growth of viCOFs along the two-dimensional (2D) plane by introducing a heterogeneous catalyst, polyoxometalates (POMs). With the unique Brønsted alkalinity and catalytic surface, POMs induce the growth of 2D viCOF layers along the surface of the catalytic substrate and restrain the generation of out-of-plane branches. Based on this protocol, six typical 2D viCOFs with high crystallinity and porosity were synthesized within a shorter reaction time as compared with the reported works using the common homogeneous catalysts for viCOF synthesis. On the basis of the density functional theory calculations and experimental results, a bottom intercalation growth pattern of viCOFs was revealed during the heterogeneous reaction. The unique growth pattern greatly promotes the orderly assembly of monomers, thus shortening the reaction time and improving the crystallinity of viCOFs. Furthermore, this heterogeneous catalysis strategy is suitable for the gram-scale preparation of 2D viCOFs. These results provide a novel avenue for the synthesis of high-quality viCOFs and may bring new insights into the synthetic methodology of COFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Zhe Cheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Dong-Hui Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Wenyan Ji
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Peng-Yuan Hao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Pengtao Ma
- Henan Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Jingping Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Jingyang Niu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Xuesong Ding
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Lizhi Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Nanoscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Bao-Hang Han
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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4
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Mou K, Meng F, Zhang Z, Li X, Li M, Jiao Y, Wang Z, Bai X, Zhang F. Pyridazine-Promoted Construction of Vinylene-Linked Covalent Organic Frameworks with Exceptional Capability of Stepwise Water Harvesting. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202402446. [PMID: 38859748 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202402446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we successfully developed two novel vinylene-linked covalent organic frameworks (COFs) using 2-connected 3,6-dimethylpyridazine through Knoevenagel condensation. These COFs featured finely tailored micro-/nano-scale pore sizes, high surface areas and stable non-polar vinylene linkages. Finely resolved powder X-ray diffraction patterns demonstrated highly crystalline structures with a hexagonal lattice in the AA layer stacking. The resulting one-dimensional channels possess strong hydrogen-bond accepting sites arising from the decorated cis-azo/azine units with two pairs of fully exposed lone pair electrons, endowing the as-prepared COFs with exceptional water absorption properties. The g-DZPH-COF exhibited successive steep water uptake steps starting from low relative pressures (P/PSTA=0.1), with the remarkable water uptake capacity of 0.26 g/g at P/PSTA=0.2 (25 °C), which is the optimal value recorded among the reported COFs. Dynamic vapour sorption measurements revealed the fast kinetics of these COFs, even in the cluster formation process. Water uptake and release cycling tests demonstrated their outstanding hydrolytic stability, durability, and adsorption-desorption retention ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiwen Mou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Fancheng Meng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Zixing Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xiaomeng Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Mengqi Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yang Jiao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Zhiheng Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xue Bai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
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5
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Guo L, Yu Z, Xie X, Zhang Q, Luo F. Linkage-Mixed Covalent Organic Frameworks Synthesized by a Liquid-Solid Two-Phase Strategy for Photoenhanced Uranium Extraction. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:9854-9860. [PMID: 39082842 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c01836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
Synthesizing COFs with hybrid linkage coupling with both reversible and irreversible natures remains a challenging issue. Herein, we report the synthesis of two rare COFs constructed by both reversible and irreversible linkages through a liquid-solid two-phase strategy. A systematic study reveals a one-pot, two-step reaction mechanism for the two COFs, the first step being a reversible Schiff base reaction and the second step being an irreversible Knoevenagel reaction. Interestingly, this hybrid linkage COF is found to show an outstanding photoenhanced uranium extraction performance. The results not only provide a general and green approach to develop the linkage chemistry of COFs but also enrich the synthesis toolboxes and application of COFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liecheng Guo
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, School of Nuclear Science and Engineering, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330013, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiwu Yu
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory Chinese Academy of Sciences Hefei 230031, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianqing Xie
- National Engineering Research Center for Carbonhydrate Synthesis, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330027, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingyun Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, School of Nuclear Science and Engineering, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330013, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Luo
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, School of Nuclear Science and Engineering, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330013, People's Republic of China
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6
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Tao S, Jiang D. Accelerating Anhydrous Proton Transport in Covalent Organic Frameworks: Pore Chemistry and its Impacts. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202408296. [PMID: 38843109 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202408296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
Proton conduction is important in both fundamental research and technological development. Here we report designed synthesis of crystalline porous covalent organic frameworks as a new platform for high-rate anhydrous proton conduction. By developing nanochannels with different topologies as proton pathways and loading neat phosphoric acid to construct robust proton carrier networks in the pores, we found that pore topology is crucial for proton conduction. Its effect on increasing proton conductivity is in an exponential mode other than linear fashion, endowing the materials with exceptional proton conductivities exceeding 10-2 S cm-1 over a broad range of temperature and a low activation energy barrier down to 0.24 eV. Remarkably, the pore size controls conduction mechanism, where mesopores promote proton conduction via a fast-hopping mechanism, while micropores follow a sluggish vehicle process. Notably, decreasing phosphoric acid loading content drastically reduces proton conductivity and greatly increases activation energy barrier, emphasizing the pivotal role of well-developed proton carrier network in proton transport. These findings and insights unveil a new general and transformative guidance for designing porous framework materials and systems for high-rate ion conduction, energy storage, and energy conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Tao
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Donglin Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
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7
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Zhao W, Zhu Q, Wu X, Zhao D. The development of catalysts and auxiliaries for the synthesis of covalent organic frameworks. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:7531-7565. [PMID: 38895859 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00908d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have recently seen significant advancements. Large quantities of structurally & functionally oriented COFs with a wide range of applications, such as gas adsorption, catalysis, separation, and drug delivery, have been explored. Recent achievements in this field are primarily focused on advancing synthetic methodologies, with catalysts playing a crucial role in achieving highly crystalline COF materials, particularly those featuring novel linkages and chemistry. A series of reviews have already been published over the last decade, covering the fundamentals, synthesis, and applications of COFs. However, despite the pivotal role that catalysts and auxiliaries play in forming COF materials and adjusting their properties (e.g., crystallinity, porosity, stability, and morphology), limited attention has been devoted to these essential components. In this Critical Review, we mainly focus on the state-of-the-art progress of catalysts and auxiliaries applied to the synthesis of COFs. The catalysts include four categories: acid catalysts, base catalysts, transition-metal catalysts, and other catalysts. The auxiliaries, such as modulators, oxygen, and surfactants, are discussed as well. This is then followed by the description of several specific applications derived from the utilization of catalysts and auxiliaries. Lastly, a perspective on the major challenges and opportunities associated with catalysts and auxiliaries is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhao
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore 117585, Singapore.
| | - Qiang Zhu
- Leverhulme Research Centre for Functional Materials Design, Materials Innovation Factory and Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Xiaofeng Wu
- Leverhulme Research Centre for Functional Materials Design, Materials Innovation Factory and Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Dan Zhao
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore 117585, Singapore.
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8
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Jiang S, Niu H, Gu X, Cai Y. Perfluoroalkyl Functionalized Superhydrophobic Covalent Organic Frameworks for Excellent Oil-Water Membrane Separation and Anhydrous Proton Conduction. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2403772. [PMID: 39004855 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202403772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Rapid economic development has led to oil pollution and energy shortage. Membrane separation has attracted much attention due to its simplicity and efficiency in oil-water-separation. The development of membrane materials with enhanced separation properties is essential to improve the separation-efficiency. Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) are expected to replace conventional engines due to their high-power-conversion rates and other favorable properties. Anhydrous-proton-conducting materials are vital components of PEMFCs. However, developing stable proton-conducting materials that exhibit high conductivity at varying temperatures remains challenging. Herein, two covalent organic frameworks (COFs) with long-side-chains are synthesized, and their corresponding COF@SSN membranes. Both membranes can effectively separate oil-water mixtures and water-in-oil emulsions. The TFPT-AF membrane achieves a maximum oil-flux of 6.05 × 105 g h-1 m-2 with an oil-water separation efficiency of above 99%, which is almost unchanged after 20 consecutive uses. COF@H3PO4 doped with different ratios of H3PO4 is prepared, the results show that the perfluorocarbon-chain system has excellent anhydrous proton conductivity , achieving an ultra-high proton-conductivity of 3.98 × 10-1 S cm-1 at 125 °C. This study lays the foundation for tailor-made-functionalization of COF through pre-engineering and surface-modification, highlighting the great potential of COFs for oil-water separation and anhydrous-proton-conductivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaodong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Hongyun Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoling Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yaqi Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310024, P. R. China
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9
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He T, On IKW, Bi S, Huang Z, Guo J, Wang Z, Zhao Y. Crystalline Olefin-Linked Chiral Covalent Organic Frameworks as a Platform for Asymmetric Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202405769. [PMID: 38656752 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202405769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
The construction of olefin-linked chiral covalent organic frameworks (COFs) with high crystallinity is highly desirable while remains great challenge due to the poor reversibility of the formation reaction for the olefin linkages during the in situ structural self-healing process. Herein, we successfully synthesized two sets of enantiomeric olefin-linked COFs. The chiral catalytic groups are uniformly distributed on the pore walls of COFs, resulting in the full exposure of catalytic sites to the reactants in asymmetric catalysis. The as-prepared (R)/(S)-CCOF8 exhibits excellent catalytic performance with exceeding 99 % enantiomeric excess in the enantioselective electrophilic amination reaction. Moreover, the heterogeneous chiral catalysts are conveniently recycled and could maintain the performance after ten catalytic cycles. Our findings expand the scope to construct stable and crystalline chiral COFs for the asymmetric catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting He
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Ivan Keng Wee On
- Department of Chemistry, Faulty of Science, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Shuai Bi
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Ziyue Huang
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Jingjing Guo
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Zhifang Wang
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Yanli Zhao
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
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10
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Yang Y, Sabaghi D, Liu C, Dianat A, Mücke D, Qi H, Liu Y, Hambsch M, Xu ZK, Yu M, Cuniberti G, Mannsfeld SCB, Kaiser U, Dong R, Wang Z, Feng X. On-Water Surface Synthesis of Vinylene-Linked Cationic Two-Dimensional Polymer Films as the Anion-Selective Electrode Coating. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202316299. [PMID: 38422222 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202316299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Vinylene-linked two-dimensional polymers (V-2DPs) and their layer-stacked covalent organic frameworks (V-2D COFs) featuring high in-plane π-conjugation and robust frameworks have emerged as promising candidates for energy-related applications. However, current synthetic approaches are restricted to producing V-2D COF powders that lack processability, impeding their integration into devices, particularly within membrane technologies reliant upon thin films. Herein, we report the novel on-water surface synthesis of vinylene-linked cationic 2DPs films (V-C2DP-1 and V-C2DP-2) via Knoevenagel polycondensation, which serve as the anion-selective electrode coating for highly-reversible and durable zinc-based dual-ion batteries (ZDIBs). Model reactions and theoretical modeling revealed the enhanced reactivity and reversibility of the Knoevenagel reaction on the water surface. On this basis, we demonstrated the on-water surface 2D polycondensation towards V-C2DPs films that show large lateral size, tunable thickness, and high chemical stability. Representatively, V-C2DP-1 presents as a fully crystalline and face-on oriented film with in-plane lattice parameters of a=b≈43.3 Å. Profiting from its well-defined cationic sites, oriented 1D channels, and stable frameworks, V-C2DP-1 film possesses superior bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide anion (TFSI-)-transport selectivity (transference, t_=0.85) for graphite cathode in high-voltage ZDIBs, thus triggering additional TFSI--intercalation stage and promoting its specific capacity (from ~83 to 124 mAh g-1) and cycling life (>1000 cycles, 95 % capacity retention).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Yang
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden &, Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Davood Sabaghi
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden &, Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Chang Liu
- MOE Engineering Research Center of Membrane and Water Treatment, and Key Lab of Adsorption and Separation Materials & Technologies of Zhejiang Province, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China
- The "Belt and Road" Sino-Portugal Joint Lab on Advanced Materials, International Research Center for X Polymers, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China
- Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, 06120, Halle, Germany
| | - Arezoo Dianat
- Institute for Materials Science and Max Bergmann Center for Biomaterials, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - David Mücke
- Central Facility for Electron Microscopy, Electron Microscopy of Materials Science, Universität Ulm, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Haoyuan Qi
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden &, Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069, Dresden, Germany
- Central Facility for Electron Microscopy, Electron Microscopy of Materials Science, Universität Ulm, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Yannan Liu
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden &, Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Mike Hambsch
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden &, Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Zhi-Kang Xu
- MOE Engineering Research Center of Membrane and Water Treatment, and Key Lab of Adsorption and Separation Materials & Technologies of Zhejiang Province, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China
- The "Belt and Road" Sino-Portugal Joint Lab on Advanced Materials, International Research Center for X Polymers, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - Minghao Yu
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden &, Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Gianaurelio Cuniberti
- Institute for Materials Science and Max Bergmann Center for Biomaterials, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069, Dresden, Germany
- Dresden Center for Computational Materials Science (DCMS), Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Stefan C B Mannsfeld
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden &, Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ute Kaiser
- Central Facility for Electron Microscopy, Electron Microscopy of Materials Science, Universität Ulm, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Renhao Dong
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden &, Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069, Dresden, Germany
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, 250100, Jinan, China
| | - Zhiyong Wang
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden &, Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069, Dresden, Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, 06120, Halle, Germany
| | - Xinliang Feng
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden &, Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069, Dresden, Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, 06120, Halle, Germany
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11
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Li Q, Gao H, Zhao Y, Zhou B, Yu L, Huang Q, Jiang L, Gao J. Covalent Organic Framework Interlayer Spacings as Perfectly Selective Artificial Proton Channels. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202402094. [PMID: 38581623 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202402094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Biological proton channels have perfect selectivity in aqueous environment against almost all ions and molecules, a property that differs itself from other biological channels and a feature that remains challenging to realize for bulk artificial materials. The biological perfect selectivity originates from the fact that the channel has almost no free space for ion or water transport but generates a hydrogen bonded wire in the presence of protons to allow the proton hopping. Inspired by this, we used the interlayer spacings of covalent organic framework materials consisting of hydrophilic functional groups as perfectly selective artificial proton channels. The interlayer spacings are so narrow that no atoms or molecules can diffuse through. However, protons exhibit a diffusivity in the same order of magnitude as that in bulk water. Density functional theory calculations show that water molecules and the COF material form hydrogen bonded wires, allowing the proton hopping. We further demonstrate that the proton transport rate can be tuned by adjusting the acidity of the functional groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Li
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, 610065, Chengdu, China
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 266101, Qingdao, China
| | - Hongfei Gao
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 266101, Qingdao, China
| | - Yongye Zhao
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 266101, Qingdao, China
| | - Bo Zhou
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 266101, Qingdao, China
| | - Lei Yu
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 266101, Qingdao, China
| | - Qingsong Huang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, 610065, Chengdu, China
| | - Lei Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Jun Gao
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 266101, Qingdao, China
- Shandong Energy Institute, 266101, Qingdao, P. R. China
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, 266101, Qingdao, P. R. China
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12
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Zhen D, Liu C, Deng Q, Li L, Grimes CA, Yang S, Cai Q, Liu Y. Novel Olefin-Linked Covalent Organic Framework with Multifunctional Group Modification for the Fluorescence/Smartphone Detection of Uranyl Ion. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:27804-27812. [PMID: 38756089 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c05522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Monitoring and purification of uranium contamination are of great importance for the rational utilization of uranium resources and maintaining the environment. In this work, an olefin-linked covalent organic framework (GC-TFPB) and its amidoxime-modified product (GC-TFPB-AO) are synthesized with 3-cyano-4,6-dimethyl-2-hydroxypyridine (GC) and 1,3,5-tris(4-formylphenyl) benzene (TFPB) by Knoevenagel condensation. GC-TFPB-AO results in specificity for rapid fluorescent/smartphone uranyl ion (UO22+) detection based on the synergistic effect of multifunctional groups (amidoxime, pyridine, and hydroxyl groups). GC-TFPB-AO features a rapid and highly sensitive detection and adsorption of UO22+ with a detection limit of 21.25 nM. In addition, it has a good recovery (100-111%) for fluorescence detection in real samples, demonstrating an excellent potential of predesigned olefin-linked fluorescent COFs in nuclear contaminated wastewater detection and removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deshuai Zhen
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Typical Environment Pollution and Health Hazards, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Chunlin Liu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Typical Environment Pollution and Health Hazards, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Qiuhui Deng
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Typical Environment Pollution and Health Hazards, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Le Li
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Typical Environment Pollution and Health Hazards, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, PR China
| | - Craig A Grimes
- Flux Photon Corporation, 5950 Shiloh Road East, Alpharetta, Georgia 30005, United States
| | - Shengyuan Yang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Typical Environment Pollution and Health Hazards, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, PR China
| | - Qingyun Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Yu Liu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Typical Environment Pollution and Health Hazards, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China
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13
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Du W, Liu L, Yin L, Li B, Ma Y, Guo X, Zang HY, Zhang N, Zhu G. Ultrathin Free-Standing Porous Aromatic Framework Membranes for Efficient Anion Transport. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202402943. [PMID: 38529715 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202402943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Porous aromatic frameworks (PAFs) show promising potential in anionic conduction due to their high stability and customizable functionality. However, the insolubility of most PAFs presents a significant challenge in their processing into membranes and subsequent applications. In this study, continuous PAF membranes with adjustable thickness were successfully created using liquid-solid interfacial polymerization. The rigid backbone and the stable C-C coupling endow PAF membrane with superior chemical and dimensional stabilities over most conventional polymer membranes. Different quaternary ammonium functionalities were anchored to the backbone through flexible alkyl chains with tunable length. The optimal PAF membrane exhibited an OH- conductivity of 356.6 mS ⋅ cm-1 at 80 °C and 98 % relative humidity. Additionally, the PAF membrane exhibited outstanding alkaline stability, retaining 95 % of its OH- conductivity after 1000 hours in 1 M NaOH. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first application of PAF materials in anion exchange membranes, achieving the highest OH- conductivity and exceptional chemical/dimensional stability. This work provides the possibility for the potential of PAF materials in anionic conductive membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenguang Du
- Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, P. R. China
| | - Lin Liu
- Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, P. R. China
| | - Liying Yin
- School of Chemistry and Life Science, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Bo Li
- Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, P. R. China
| | - Yu Ma
- Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Guo
- Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, P. R. China
| | - Hong-Ying Zang
- Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, P. R. China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, P. R. China
| | - Guangshan Zhu
- Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, P. R. China
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14
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Prieto T, Ponte C, Guntermann R, Medina DD, Salonen LM. Synthetic Strategies to Extended Aromatic Covalent Organic Frameworks. Chemistry 2024:e202401344. [PMID: 38771916 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202401344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
π-Conjugated materials are highly attractive owing to their unique optical and electronic properties. Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) offer a great opportunity for precise arrangement of building units in a π-conjugated crystalline matrix and tuning of the properties through choice of functionalities or post-synthetic modification. With this review, we aim at summarizing both the most representative as well as emerging strategies for the synthesis of π-conjugated COFs. We give examples of direct synthesis using large, π-extended building blocks. COFs featuring fully conjugated linkages such as vinylene, pyrazine, and azole are discussed. Then, post-synthetic modification methods that result in the extension of the COF π-system are reviewed. Throughout, mechanistic insights are presented when available. In the context of their utilization as film devices, we conduct a concise survey of the prominent COF layer deposition techniques reported and their aptness for the deposition of fused aromatic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Prieto
- CINBIO, Universidade de Vigo, Department of Organic Chemistry, 36310, Vigo, Spain
| | - Clara Ponte
- Nanochemistry Research Group, International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), Av. Mestre José Veiga, 4715-330, Braga, Portugal
- CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Roman Guntermann
- Department of Chemistry and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig Maximilians University (LMU), Butenandtstraße 11 (E), 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Dana D Medina
- Department of Chemistry and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig Maximilians University (LMU), Butenandtstraße 11 (E), 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Laura M Salonen
- CINBIO, Universidade de Vigo, Department of Organic Chemistry, 36310, Vigo, Spain
- Nanochemistry Research Group, International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), Av. Mestre José Veiga, 4715-330, Braga, Portugal
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15
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Yang N, Yan W, Zhou ZJ, Tian C, Zhang P, Liu H, Wu XP, Xia C, Dai S, Zhu X. Synthetic Leaves Based on Crystalline Olefin-Linked Covalent Organic Frameworks for Efficient CO 2 Photoreduction with Water. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:5444-5452. [PMID: 38639448 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c00343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
We report, for the first time, a new synthetic strategy for the preparation of crystalline two-dimensional olefin-linked covalent organic frameworks (COFs) based on aldol condensation between benzodifurandione and aromatic aldehydes. Olefin-linked COFs can be facilely crystallized through either a pyridine-promoted solvothermal process or a benzoic anhydride-mediated organic flux synthesis. The resultant COF leaf with high in-plane π-conjugation exhibits efficient visible-light-driven photoreduction of carbon dioxide (CO2) with water (H2O) in the absence of any photosensitizer, sacrificial agents, or cocatalysts. The production rate of carbon monoxide (CO) reaches as high as 158.1 μmol g-1 h-1 with near 100% CO selectivity, which is accompanied by the oxidation of H2O to oxygen. Both theoretical and experimental results confirm that the key lies in achieving exceptional photoinduced charge separation and low exciton binding. We anticipate that our findings will facilitate new possibilities for the development of semiconducting COFs with structural diversity and functional variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Wenkai Yan
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Zi-Jian Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Engineering and Industrial Catalysis, Centre for Computational Chemistry and Research Institute of Industrial Catalysis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Chengcheng Tian
- School of Resources and Environment Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Honglai Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xin-Ping Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Engineering and Industrial Catalysis, Centre for Computational Chemistry and Research Institute of Industrial Catalysis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Chungu Xia
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Sheng Dai
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Xiang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
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16
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Zhao Y, Li S, Fu G, Yang H, Li S, Wu D, Zhang T. Construction of Layer-Blocked Covalent Organic Framework Heterogenous Films via Surface-Initiated Polycondensations with Strongly Enhanced Photocatalytic Properties. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2024; 10:775-781. [PMID: 38680569 PMCID: PMC11046463 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.3c01195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Imine-linked covalent organic frameworks (COFs) usually show high crystallinity and porosity, while vinyl-linked COFs have excellent semiconducting properties and stability. Therefore, achieving the advantages of imine- and vinyl-linkages in a single COF material is highly interesting but remains challenging. Herein, we demonstrate the fabrication of a layer-blocked COF (LB-COF) heterogeneous film that is composed of imine- and vinyl-linkages through two successive surface-initiated polycondensations. In brief, the bottom layer of imine-linked COF film was constructed on an amino-functionalized substrate via Schiff-base polycondensation, in which the unreacted aldehyde edges could be utilized for initiating aldol polycondensation to prepare the second layer of vinyl-linked COF film. The resultant LB-COF film displays excellent ordering due to the crystalline templating effect from the bottom imine-linked COF layer; meanwhile, the upper vinyl-linked COF layer could strongly enhance its stability and photocatalytic properties. The LB COF also presents superior performance in photocatalytic uranium extraction (320 mg g-1), which is higher than the imine-linked (35 mg g-1) and the vinyl-linked (295 mg g-1) counterpart. This study provides a novel surface-initiated strategy to synthesize layer-blocked COF heterogeneous films that combine the advantages of each building block.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiang Zhao
- Key
Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
- University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shengfei Li
- Key
Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Guangen Fu
- Key
Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
- University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Haoyong Yang
- Key
Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
- University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shengxu Li
- Key
Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
- University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Daheng Wu
- Key
Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
- University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Key
Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
- University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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17
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Luan TX, Zhang P, Wang Q, Xiao X, Feng Y, Yuan S, Li PZ, Xu Q. "All in One" Strategy for Achieving Superprotonic Conductivity by Incorporating Strong Acids into a Robust Imidazole-Linked Covalent Organic Framework. NANO LETTERS 2024. [PMID: 38603798 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c01228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
The fabrication of solid-state proton-conducting electrolytes possessing both high performance and long-life reusability is significant but challenging. An "all-in-one" composite, H3PO4@PyTFB-1-SO3H, including imidazole, sulfonic acid, and phosphoric acid, which are essential for proton conduction, was successfully prepared by chemical post-modification and physical loading in the rationally pre-synthesized imidazole-based nanoporous covalent organic framework (COF), PyTFB-1. The resultant H3PO4@PyTFB-1-SO3H exhibits superhigh proton conductivity with its value even highly up to 1.15 × 10-1 S cm-1 at 353 K and 98% relative humidity (RH), making it one of the highest COF-based composites reported so far under the same conditions. Experimental studies and theoretical calculations further confirmed that the imidazole and sulfonic acid groups have strong interactions with the H3PO4 molecules and the synergistic effect of these three groups dramatically improves the proton conductivity properties of H3PO4@PyTFB-1-SO3H. This work demonstrated that by aggregating multiple proton carriers into one composite, effective proton-conducting electrolyte can be feasibly achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Xiang Luan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Science of Material Creation and Energy Conversion, Science Center for Material Creation and Energy Conversion, Institute of Frontier and Inter-disciplinary Science, Shandong University, Ji'nan 250100, Shandong Province, China
| | - Pengtu Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Shandong Institute of Pertroleum and Chemical Technology, Dongying 257061, Shandong Province, China
| | - Qiurong Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Science of Material Creation and Energy Conversion, Science Center for Material Creation and Energy Conversion, Institute of Frontier and Inter-disciplinary Science, Shandong University, Ji'nan 250100, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xin Xiao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Micro/Nano-Porous Functional Materials (SKLPM), SUSTech-Kyoto University Advanced Energy Materials Joint Innovation Laboratory (SKAEM-JIL), Key University Laboratory of Highly Efficient Utilization of Solar Energy and Sustainable Development of Guangdong, Department of Chemistry and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yijing Feng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Science of Material Creation and Energy Conversion, Science Center for Material Creation and Energy Conversion, Institute of Frontier and Inter-disciplinary Science, Shandong University, Ji'nan 250100, Shandong Province, China
| | - Shiling Yuan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Science of Material Creation and Energy Conversion, Science Center for Material Creation and Energy Conversion, Institute of Frontier and Inter-disciplinary Science, Shandong University, Ji'nan 250100, Shandong Province, China
- School of Chemical Engineering, Shandong Institute of Pertroleum and Chemical Technology, Dongying 257061, Shandong Province, China
| | - Pei-Zhou Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Science of Material Creation and Energy Conversion, Science Center for Material Creation and Energy Conversion, Institute of Frontier and Inter-disciplinary Science, Shandong University, Ji'nan 250100, Shandong Province, China
| | - Qiang Xu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Micro/Nano-Porous Functional Materials (SKLPM), SUSTech-Kyoto University Advanced Energy Materials Joint Innovation Laboratory (SKAEM-JIL), Key University Laboratory of Highly Efficient Utilization of Solar Energy and Sustainable Development of Guangdong, Department of Chemistry and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong Province, China
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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18
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Liu L, Ma Y, Li B, Yin L, Zang HY, Zhang N, Bi H, Wang S, Zhu G. Continuous Ultrathin Zwitterionic Covalent Organic Framework Membrane Via Surface-Initiated Polymerization Toward Superior Water Retention. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2308499. [PMID: 38009797 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202308499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Efficient construction of proton transport channels in proton exchange membranes maintaining conductivity under varied humidity is critical for the development of fuel cells. Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) hold great potential in providing precise and fast ion transport channels. However, the preparation of continuous free-standing COF membranes retaining their inherent structural advantages to realize excellent proton conduction performance is a major challenge. Herein, a zwitterionic COF material bearing positive ammonium ions and negative sulphonic acid ions is developed. Free-standing COF membrane with adjustable thickness is constructed via surface-initiated polymerization of COF monomers. The porosity, continuity, and stability of the membranes are demonstrated via the transmission electron microscopy (TEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) characterization. The rigidity of the COF structure avoids swelling in aqueous solution, which improves the chemical stability of the proton exchange membranes and improves the performance stability. In the higher humidity range (50-90%), the prepared zwitterionic COF membrane exhibits superior capability in retaining the conductivity compared to COF membrane merely bearing sulphonic acid group. The established strategy shows the potential for the application of zwitterionic COF in the proton exchange membrane fuel cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Liu
- Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, P. R. China
| | - Yu Ma
- Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, P. R. China
| | - Bo Li
- Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, P. R. China
| | - Liying Yin
- Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, P. R. China
| | - Hong-Ying Zang
- Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, P. R. China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, P. R. China
| | - Hai Bi
- Ji Hua Laboratory, Foshan, 528200, P. R. China
| | - Shaolei Wang
- Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, P. R. China
| | - Guangshan Zhu
- Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, P. R. China
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19
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Fu GE, Yang H, Zhao W, Samorì P, Zhang T. 2D Conjugated Polymer Thin Films for Organic Electronics: Opportunities and Challenges. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2311541. [PMID: 38551322 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202311541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
2D conjugated polymers (2DCPs) possess extended in-plane π-conjugated lattice and out-of-plane π-π stacking, which results in enhanced electronic performance and potentially unique band structures. These properties, along with predesignability, well-defined channels, easy postmodification, and order structure attract extensive attention from material science to organic electronics. In this review, the recent advance in the interfacial synthesis and conductivity tuning strategies of 2DCP thin films, as well as their application in organic electronics is summarized. Furthermore, it is shown that, by combining topology structure design and targeted conductivity adjustment, researchers have fabricated 2DCP thin films with predesigned active groups, highly ordered structures, and enhanced conductivity. These films exhibit great potential for various thin-film organic electronics, such as organic transistors, memristors, electrochromism, chemiresistors, and photodetectors. Finally, the future research directions and perspectives of 2DCPs are discussed in terms of the interfacial synthetic design and structure engineering for the fabrication of fully conjugated 2DCP thin films, as well as the functional manipulation of conductivity to advance their applications in future organic electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-En Fu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
| | - Haoyong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
| | - Wenkai Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
| | - Paolo Samorì
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, ISIS UMR 7006, 8 Allée Gaspard Monge, Strasbourg, 67000, France
| | - Tao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
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20
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Zhao Y, Guo L, Yu K, Gao F, Hua R, Luo F. Extraction of Uranium by a Cheap Phosphite-Derived Polymer under Light Condition. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:5325-5329. [PMID: 38488224 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c00477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Uranium, as the main fuel of today's nuclear energy, is crucial to the development of nuclear energy. Therefore, the development of low-cost and powerful adsorbents is very important for the removal or recovery of uranium from uranium-containing solutions. Herein, we report the synthesis of a cheap phosphite-derived polymer for such use. Under visible-light irradiation, this phosphite-derived polymer was found to enable selective adsorption of uranium with an adsorption capacity as high as 1030 mg/g, suggesting its great potential in handling nuclear waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yitao Zhao
- School of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Chemistry and Material Science, East China University of Technology, Nanchang, Jiangxi 344000, China
| | - Liecheng Guo
- School of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Chemistry and Material Science, East China University of Technology, Nanchang, Jiangxi 344000, China
| | - Kai Yu
- School of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Chemistry and Material Science, East China University of Technology, Nanchang, Jiangxi 344000, China
| | - Feng Gao
- School of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Chemistry and Material Science, East China University of Technology, Nanchang, Jiangxi 344000, China
| | - Rong Hua
- School of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Chemistry and Material Science, East China University of Technology, Nanchang, Jiangxi 344000, China
| | - Feng Luo
- School of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Chemistry and Material Science, East China University of Technology, Nanchang, Jiangxi 344000, China
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21
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Xing L, Chen Z, Zhan G, Huang Z, Li M, Li Y, Wang L, Li J. Sulfur Migration Enhanced Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer for Efficient CO 2 Desorption with Core-Shelled C@Mn 3O 4. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:4606-4616. [PMID: 38427797 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c09875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Transforming hazardous species into active sites by ingenious material design was a promising and positive strategy to improve catalytic reactions in industrial applications. To synergistically address the issue of sluggish CO2 desorption kinetics and SO2-poisoning solvent of amine scrubbing, we propose a novel method for preparing a high-performance core-shell C@Mn3O4 catalyst for heterogeneous sulfur migration and in situ reconstruction to active -SO3H groups, and thus inducing an enhanced proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) effect for CO2 desorption. As anticipated, the rate of CO2 desorption increases significantly, by 255%, when SO2 is introduced. On a bench scale, dynamic CO2 capture experiments reveal that the catalytic regeneration heat duty of SO2-poisoned solvent experiences a 32% reduction compared to the blank case, while the durability of the catalyst is confirmed. Thus, the enhanced PCET of C@Mn3O4, facilitated by sulfur migration and simultaneous transformation, effectively improves the SO2 resistance and regeneration efficiency of amine solvents, providing a novel route for pursuing cost-effective CO2 capture with an amine solvent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Xing
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, PR China
| | - Zhen Chen
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Guoxiong Zhan
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Zhoulan Huang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Mingyue Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, PR China
| | - Yuchen Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, PR China
| | - Lidong Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, PR China
| | - Junhua Li
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
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22
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Fu G, Yang D, Xu S, Li S, Zhao Y, Yang H, Wu D, Petkov PS, Lan ZA, Wang X, Zhang T. Construction of Thiadiazole-Bridged sp 2-Carbon-Conjugated Covalent Organic Frameworks with Diminished Excitation Binding Energy Toward Superior Photocatalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:1318-1325. [PMID: 38181378 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c08755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
Sp2-carbon-conjugated covalent organic frameworks (sp2c-COFs) have emerged as promising platforms for phototo-chemical energy conversion due to their tailorable optoelectronic properties, in-plane π-conjugations, and robust structures. However, the development of sp2c-COFs in photocatalysis is still highly hindered by their limited linkage chemistry. Herein, we report a novel thiadiazole-bridged sp2c-COF (sp2c-COF-ST) synthesized by thiadiazole-mediated aldol-type polycondensation. The resultant sp2c-COF-ST demonstrates high chemical stability under strong acids and bases (12 M HCl or 12 M NaOH). The electro-deficient thiadiazole together with fully conjugated and planar skeleton endows sp2c-COF-ST with superior photoelectrochemical performance and charge-carrier separation and migration ability. As a result, when employed as a photocathode, sp2c-COF-ST exhibits a significant photocurrent up to ∼14.5 μA cm-2 at 0.3 V vs reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) under visible-light irradiation (>420 nm), which is much higher than those analogous COFs with partial imine linkages (mix-COF-SNT ∼ 9.5 μA cm-2) and full imine linkages (imi-COF-SNNT ∼ 4.9 μA cm-2), emphasizing the importance of the structure-property relationships. Further temperature-dependent photoluminescence spectra and density functional theory calculations demonstrate that the sp2c-COF-ST has smaller exciton binding energy as well as effective mass in comparison to mix-COF-SNT and imi-COF-SNNT, which suggests that the sp2c-conjugated skeleton enhances the exciton dissociation and carrier migration under light irradiation. This work highlights the design and preparation of thiadiazole-bridged sp2c-COFs with promising photocatalytic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangen Fu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Denghui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Shunqi Xu
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (CFAED) and Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden 01062, Germany
| | - Shengxu Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Yuxiang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Haoyong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Daheng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Petko Stoev Petkov
- Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sofia, Sofia 1164, Bulgaria
| | - Zhi-An Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Xinchen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
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23
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Yan Q, Tao S, Liu R, Zhi Y, Jiang D. Crystalline, Porous Helicene Covalent Organic Frameworks. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202316092. [PMID: 38029378 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202316092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Helicenes are a class of fascinating chiral helical molecules with rich chemistry developed continuously over the past 100 years. Their helical, conjugated, and twisted structures make them attractive for constructing molecular systems. However, studies over the past century are mainly focused on synthesizing helicenes with increased numbers of aromatic rings and complex heterostructures, while research on inorganic, organic, and polymeric helicene materials is still embryonic. Herein, we report the first examples of helicene covalent organic frameworks, i.e., [7]Helicene sp2 c-COF-1, by condensing [7]Helicene dialdehyde with trimethyl triazine via the C=C bond formation reaction under solvothermal conditions. The resultant [7]Helicene sp2 c-COF-1 exhibits prominent X-ray diffraction peaks and assumes a highly ordered 2D lattice structure originated from the twisted configuration of [7]Helicene unit. The C=C linked [7]Helicene sp2 c-COF-1 materials exhibited extended π conjugation and broadly tuned their absorption, emission, redox activity, photoconductivity, and light-emitting activity, demonstrating rich multifunctionalities and great potentials in developing various applications. This work opens a way to a new family of COFs as well as helicene materials, enabling the exploration of unprecedented π architectures and properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Yan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Shanshan Tao
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Ruoyang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Yongfeng Zhi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Donglin Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
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24
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Wei J, Shao X, Guo J, Zheng Y, Wang Y, Zhang Z, Chen Y, Li Y. Rapid and selective removal of aristolochic acid I in natural products by vinylene-linked iCOF resins. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 461:132140. [PMID: 37734311 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Rapid, efficient, and selective removal of toxicants such as aristolochic acid I (AAI) from complex natural product systems is of great significance for the safe use of herbal medicines or medicine-food plants. Addressing this challenge, we develop a high-performance separation approach based on ionic covalent organic frameworks (iCOFs) to separate and remove AAI. Two vinylene-linked iCOFs (NKCOF-46-Br- and NKCOF-55-Br-) with high crystallinity are fabricated in a green and scalable fashion via a melt polymerization synthesis method. The resulting materials exhibit a uniform morphology, high stability, fast equilibrium time, and superior affinity and selectivity for AAI. Compared to conventional separation media, NKCOF-46-Br- and NKCOF-55-Br- achieve the record high adsorption capacities of 246.0 mg g-1 and 178.4 mg g-1, respectively. Various investigations reveal that the positively charged framework and favorable pore microenvironment of iCOFs contribute to their high selectivity and adsorption efficiency. Moreover, the iCOFs exhibit excellent biocompatibility by in vivo toxicity assays. This study paves a new avenue for the rapid, selective and efficient removal of toxicants from complex natural systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxia Wei
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Xin Shao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Jinbiao Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yanxue Zheng
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Zhenjie Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | - Yao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | - Yubo Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China.
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25
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Zhao W, Fu GE, Yang H, Zhang T. Two-Dimensional Conjugated Polymers: a New Choice For Organic Thin-Film Transistors. Chem Asian J 2023:e202301076. [PMID: 38151907 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202301076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs) as a vital component among transistors have shown great potential in smart sensing, flexible displays, and bionics due to their flexibility, biocompatibility and customizable chemical structures. Even though linear conjugated polymer semiconductors are common for constructing channel materials of OTFTs, advanced materials with high charge carrier mobility, tunable band structure, robust stability, and clear structure-property relationship are indispensable for propelling the evolution of OTFTs. Two-dimensional conjugated polymers (2DCPs), featured with conjugated lattice, tailorable skeletons, and functional porous structures, match aforementioned criteria closely. In this review, we firstly introduce the synthesis of 2DCP thin films, focusing on their characteristics compatible with the channels of OTFTs. Subsequently, the physics and operating mechanisms of OTFTs and the applications of 2DCPs in OTFTs are summarized in detail. Finally, the outlook and perspective in the field of OTFTs using 2DCPs are provided as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenkai Zhao
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, 315201, Ningbo, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Guang-En Fu
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, 315201, Ningbo, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Haoyong Yang
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, 315201, Ningbo, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, 315201, Ningbo, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
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26
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Zhang Y, Chen S, Ma J, Zhou X, Sun X, Jing H, Lin M, Zhou C. Enzyme-catalyzed electrochemical aptasensor for ultrasensitive detection of soluble PD-L1 in breast cancer based on decorated covalent organic frameworks and carbon nanotubes. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1282:341927. [PMID: 37923412 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.341927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Soluble programmed death-ligand 1 (sPD-L1) is critically involved in breast cancer recurrence and metastasis. However, the clinical application of highly sensitive sPD-L1 assays remains a challenge due to its low abundance in peripheral blood. To address this issue, for the first time, an enzyme-catalyzed electrochemical aptasensing platform was devised, incorporating covalent organic frameworks-gold nanoparticles-antibody-horseradish peroxidase (COFs-AuNPs-Ab-HRP) and polyethyleneimine-functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs-PEI-AuNPs) for the highly specific and ultrasensitive detection of sPD-L1. RESULTS MWCNTs-PEI-AuNPs possessed an extensive specific surface area and exhibited excellent electrical conductivity, facilitating the immobilization of aptamer and amplifying the signal. COFs modified with AuNPs not only amplified the electrical signal but also proffered a loading platform for the Ab and HRP. The favorable biocompatibility of COFs contributed to the preservation of enzyme activity and stability. HRP acted in synergy with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to catalyze the oxidation of hydroquinone (HQ) to benzoquinone (BQ). Subsequently, BQ underwent electrochemical reduction to HQ, inducing an enzymatic redox cycle that amplified the electrochemical signal and enhanced the sensitivity and selectivity of the detection method. The developed aptasensor displayed a liner range for sPD-L1 identification from 1 pg mL-1 to 100 ng mL-1 and the detection limit reached 0.143 pg mL-1 (S/N = 3). SIGNIFICANCE Paving the way for clinical application, this strategy detected differences in sPD-L1 in cell supernatants and peripheral blood of breast cancer patients with higher sensitivity compared to commercial sPD-L1 ELISA kit. This work demonstrates significant potential in offering reference information for early diagnosis and disease surveillance of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhang
- Clinical Medical Laboratory Center, The Affiliated Taizhou People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou, 225300, China; School of Public Health, Nantong University, 9 Qiangyuan Rd, Nantong, 226019, China.
| | - Shuyi Chen
- Clinical Medical Laboratory Center, The Affiliated Taizhou People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou, 225300, China
| | - Jie Ma
- Clinical Laboratory Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Xiaobin Zhou
- Clinical Medical Laboratory Center, The Affiliated Taizhou People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou, 225300, China
| | - Xinchen Sun
- Clinical Medical Laboratory Center, The Affiliated Taizhou People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou, 225300, China
| | - Hongyun Jing
- Clinical Medical Laboratory Center, The Affiliated Taizhou People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou, 225300, China
| | - Mei Lin
- Clinical Medical Laboratory Center, The Affiliated Taizhou People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou, 225300, China.
| | - Chenglin Zhou
- Clinical Medical Laboratory Center, The Affiliated Taizhou People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou, 225300, China.
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27
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Wang F, Chen Y, Gong T, Gong J. From 3D to 2D: Directional Morphological Evolution of a Three-Dimensional Covalent Organic Framework. ACS Macro Lett 2023; 12:1576-1582. [PMID: 37934863 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.3c00424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
The morphology of materials has a huge impact on their properties and functions; however, the precise control and direct evolution toward specific morphologies remains challenging. Herein, we outline a novel strategy for the morphology modulation of covalent organic frameworks based on COF-300 with the diamond structure, which usually exhibits a three-dimensional shuttle morphology. A monofunctional structural regulator has been designed to break the continuity of the three-dimensional structure. As the proportion of the monofunctional structural regulator increases, the morphology of COF-300 shows a directional evolution from a shuttle morphology to a two-dimensional nanosheet, while still retaining the consistency of the crystal structure. Our study reports the first two-dimensional nanosheet based on a three-dimensional structured COF to date and will inspire future research into the traced morphological evolution in materials by predesign.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Weijin Road 92, Tianjin 300072, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Weijin Road 92, Tianjin 300072, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Yifu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Weijin Road 92, Tianjin 300072, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Yiheyuan Road 5, Beijing 100871, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Weijin Road 92, Tianjin 300072, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Tingting Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Weijin Road 92, Tianjin 300072, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Weijin Road 92, Tianjin 300072, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Junbo Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Weijin Road 92, Tianjin 300072, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Weijin Road 92, Tianjin 300072, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin 300192, China
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28
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Azadi E, Dinari M. Green and Facile Preparation of Covalent Organic Frameworks Based on Reaction Medium for Advanced Applications. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301837. [PMID: 37640690 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs), as a new class of crystalline, well-ordered, and porous materials with intermittent constructions, are formed via organic structural parts connected through covalent bonds. These materials have been employed in several fields comprising pollutant adsorption and separation, catalysis, electrical conductivity, gas storage, etc. The preparation of COFs is mainly applied in tubes with high temperatures and degassing treatment. Furthermore, the reaction medium is involved in toxic organic solvents like toluene, dioxane, mesitylene, acetonitrile, and so on. Hence, discovering clean medium and green approaches has attracted wide attention. Recently, facile, less dangerous, and greener methods have been developed for COFs synthesis in diverse applications like performing the reaction at ambient temperature or employing aqueous solvents, ionic liquids, and a mixture of organic solvents/water. This review article summarizes the eco-friendly production approaches of COFs for diverse applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Azadi
- Department of Chemistry, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111, Iran
| | - Mohammad Dinari
- Department of Chemistry, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111, Iran
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29
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Wang T, Zhang Y, Wang Z, Chen Y, Cheng P, Zhang Z. Olefin-linked covalent organic frameworks: synthesis and applications. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:15178-15192. [PMID: 37461388 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt01684f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) with high specific porosity, easy functionalization, and tailored structure are an emerging class of crystalline porous polymers that have been extensively exploited as ideal materials in various fields. Among them, sp2-carbon linked COFs with high chemical stability, porous backbone, and unique π-electron conjugated architectures structure have raised widespread attention. Specifically, the porous channels of olefin-linked COFs could be packed with active sites for catalysis and guest molecules, while π-π stacking interactions and conjugation systems pave the way for electron transfer. In recent years, many efforts have been devoted to the development of sp2-carbon linked COFs for applications in catalysis, energy storage, gas adsorption, and separation. In this review, we highlight the design principles, synthesis strategies, and impactful applications of olefin-linked COFs. We are looking forward to this review to deepen the understanding of the synthesis of olefin-linked COFs and motivate the further development of these novel conjugated organic materials with distinctive physicochemical properties, as well as their applications in a variety of fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China.
| | - Yushu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China.
| | - Zhifang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Yao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China.
- College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Peng Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
- Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Cente, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Zhenjie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
- Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Cente, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
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30
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Yin Y, Zhang Y, Zhou X, Gui B, Cai G, Sun J, Wang C. Single-Crystal Three-Dimensional Covalent Organic Framework Constructed from 6-Connected Triangular Prism Node. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:22329-22334. [PMID: 37792489 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c08712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
The limited structural diversity of three-dimensional covalent organic frameworks (3D COFs) greatly restricts their application exploration. Therefore, there is an urgent need to expand their library of molecular building blocks, such as the development of highly connected (>4 reaction sites) polyhedral nodes. Herein, by precisely controlling the precursor conformation, we rationally designed a new 6-connected triangular prism node derived from the triphenylbenzene molecule and further used it to construct a novel 3D COF (3D-TMTAPB-COF) via imine condensation reaction. Surprisingly, without the addition of competing reagents, 3D-TMTAPB-COF crystallized directly into single crystals of ∼15 μm in size and was determined to adopt a rare 6-fold interpenetrated (Class IIIa interpenetration) acs topology. In addition, 3D-TMTAPB-COF showed a high SF6 adsorption capacity (60.9 cm3 g-1) and good SF6/N2 selectivity (335) at 298 K and 1 bar, superior to those of most crystalline porous materials. This work not only confirms the possibility of growing large-size single-crystal 3D COFs formed with strong covalent bonds by a solvothermal method in the absence of modulators, but also reports a novel triangular prism node for future construction of 3D COFs with interesting applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yin
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Ya Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xu Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Bo Gui
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Guohong Cai
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Junliang Sun
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
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Zhu L, Zhang Q, Meng F, Li M, Liang Q, Zhang F. Narrow-Pore Engineering of Vinylene-Linked Covalent Organic Frameworks with Weak Interaction-Triggered Multiple Responses. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202309125. [PMID: 37646743 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202309125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Vinylene-linked covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are emerging as promising crystalline materials, but their narrow pore engineering is severely impeded by the weak reversibility of the carbon-carbon double bond formation reaction, which has led to less exploration of their ultramicroporous structures and properties. Herein, we developed a single aromatic ring-based tetratopic monomer, tetramethylpyrazine, which undergoes a smooth Knoevenegal condensation at its four arylmethly carbon atoms with linear aromatic dialdehyde monomers upon the self-catalyzed activation of pyridine nitrogen-containing monomers in the presence of an organic anhydride. This has resulted in the formation of two vinylene-linked COFs, which both crystallized in orthorhombic lattices, and layered in AA stacking fashions along the vertical directions. They exhibit high surface areas and well-tailored ultramicropore sizes up to 0.5 nm. The unique cross-linking mode at two pairs of para-positions of each pyrazine unit through carbon-carbon double bonds afford them with π-extended conjugation over the in-plane backbones and substantial semiconducting characters. The resultant COFs can be well-dispersed in water to form stable sub-microparticles with negative charges (zeta potentials: ca. -30 mV), and exhibiting tunable aggregation behaviors through protonation/deprotonation. As a consequence, they exhibit pore-size-dependent colorimetric responses to various anions with different pKa values in high selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Electrochemical Energy Devices Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
- Department of Physics, Shaoxing University, 508 Huanchengxi Road, Shaoxing, 312000, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- School of Sensing Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan RD, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Fancheng Meng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Electrochemical Energy Devices Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Mengqi Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Electrochemical Energy Devices Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Qifeng Liang
- Department of Physics, Shaoxing University, 508 Huanchengxi Road, Shaoxing, 312000, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Electrochemical Energy Devices Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
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Zhang J, Cheng C, Guan L, Jiang HL, Jin S. Rapid Synthesis of Covalent Organic Frameworks with a Controlled Morphology: An Emulsion Polymerization Approach via the Phase Transfer Catalysis Mechanism. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:21974-21982. [PMID: 37779433 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c06764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) with a periodic network of permanent porosity and ordered structures have witnessed enormous potential in many applications. However, the synthesis of COFs with controllable morphologies under mild conditions remains a critical issue. Herein, we report a novel strategy to synthesize β-ketoenamine-linked COFs by emulsion polymerization via phase transfer catalysis for the first time. This new approach employs commercially available pyridinium surfactants as emulsifiers for emulsion polymerization, which function as both catalysts and morphological regulators. By controlling the interfacial interaction in the emulsion, the TpPa-COF can be prepared into different morphologies, i.e., spheres, bowls, and fibers. Furthermore, the COF emulsion can be directly used to prepare a film by applying an electric field, providing a new route to prepare COF films. This phase transfer catalysis method also allows the synthesis of the TpPa-COF on a gram scale. The strategy is fast, facile, and effective in improving the morphology and particle size, providing a prospective route for the green preparation of functional COFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Cheng Cheng
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Lijiang Guan
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Hai-Long Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Shangbin Jin
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
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Joseph V, Nagai A. Recent advancements of covalent organic frameworks (COFs) as proton conductors under anhydrous conditions for fuel cell applications. RSC Adv 2023; 13:30401-30419. [PMID: 37849707 PMCID: PMC10578502 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra04855a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent electrochemical energy conversion devices require more advanced proton conductors for their broad applications, especially, proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) construction. Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are an emerging class of organic porous crystalline materials that are composed of organic linkers and connected by strong covalent bonds. The unique characteristics including well-ordered and tailorable pore channels, permanent porosity, high degree of crystallinity, excellent chemical and thermal stability, enable COFs to be the potential proton conductors in fuel cell devices. Generally, proton conduction of COFs is dependent on the amount of water (extent of humidity). So, the constructed fuel cells accompanied complex water management system which requires large radiators and airflow for their operation at around 80 °C to avoid overheating and efficiency roll-off. To overcome such limitations, heavy-duty fuel cells require robust proton exchange membranes with stable proton conduction at elevated temperatures. Thus, proton conducting COFs under anhydrous conditions are in high demand. This review summarizes the recent progress in emerging COFs that exhibit proton conduction under anhydrous conditions, which may be prospective candidates for solid electrolytes in fuel cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Atsushi Nagai
- Ensemble3 - Centre of Excellence Wólczyńska 133 01-919 Warszawa Poland
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Feng XN, Yang Y, Cao X, Wang T, Kong DM, Yin XB, Li B, Bu XH. General Approach to Construct C-C Single Bond-Linked Covalent Organic Frameworks. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:21284-21292. [PMID: 37703101 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c05403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
C-C single bond-linked covalent organic frameworks (CSBL-COFs) are extremely needed because of their excellent stabilities and potential applications in harsh conditions. However, strategies to generate CSBL-COFs are limited to the acetylenic self-homocoupling Glaser-Hay reaction or post-synthetic reduction of vinylene-based COFs. Exploring new strategies to expand the realm of CSBL-COFs is urgently needed but extremely challenging. To address the synthetic challenges, we for the first time developed a general approach via the reaction between aromatic aldehydes and active methyl group-involving monomers with enhanced acidity, which realized the successful construction of a series of CSBL-COFs. As expected, the obtained CSBL-COFs exhibited outstanding chemical stability, which can stabilize in 6 M NaOH, 3 M HCl, boiling water, and 100 mg/mL NaBH4 for at least 3 days. It is important to mention that CSBL-COFs possess a large amount of ionic sites distributed throughout the networks; gentle shaking allowed our COFs to easily self-disperse as nanoparticles and suspend in water for at least 12 h without reprecipitating. As far as we know, such self-dispersed COFs with high water dispersity are rare to date, and few examples are mainly limited to the guanidinium- and pseudorotaxane-based COFs. Our work thus developed a family of self-dispersed COFs for potential applications in different sorts of fields. Our contribution would thus pave a new avenue for constructing a broader class of CSBL-COFs for their wide applications in various fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Nan Feng
- Research Centre for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Yi Yang
- Research Centre for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Xuejie Cao
- Research Centre for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Ting Wang
- Research Centre for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - De-Ming Kong
- Research Centre for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Xue-Bo Yin
- Research Centre for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, P. R. China
| | - Baiyan Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Smart Sensing Interdisciplinary Science Center, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| | - Xian-He Bu
- Research Centre for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Smart Sensing Interdisciplinary Science Center, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
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Wang Z, Zhang Y, Lin E, Geng S, Wang M, Liu J, Chen Y, Cheng P, Zhang Z. Kilogram-Scale Fabrication of a Robust Olefin-Linked Covalent Organic Framework for Separating Ethylene from a Ternary C 2 Hydrocarbon Mixture. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:21483-21490. [PMID: 37736678 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c07224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
One-step adsorptive purification of ethylene (C2H4) from a ternary mixture of acetylene (C2H2), C2H4, and ethane (C2H6) by a single material is of great importance but challenging in the petrochemical industry. Herein, a chemically robust olefin-linked covalent organic framework (COF), NKCOF-62, is designed and synthesized by a melt polymerization method employing tetramethylpyrazine and terephthalaldehyde as cheap monomers. This method avoids most of the disadvantages of classical solvothermal methods, which enable the cost-effective kilogram fabrication of olefin-linked COFs in one pot. Furthermore, NKCOF-62 shows remarkably selective adsorption of C2H2 and C2H6 over C2H4 thanks to its unique pore environments and suitable pore size. Breakthrough experiments demonstrate that polymer-grade C2H4 can be directly obtained from C2H2/C2H6/C2H4 (1/1/1) ternary mixtures through a single separation process. Notably, NKCOF-62 is the first demonstration of the potential to use COFs for C2H2/C2H6/C2H4 separation, which provides a blueprint for the design and construction of robust COFs for industrial gas separations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifang Wang
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yushu Zhang
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - En Lin
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Shubo Geng
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Mengjin Wang
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Jinjin Liu
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yao Chen
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Peng Cheng
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Zhenjie Zhang
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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Khan NA, Luo M, Zha X, Azad CS, Lu J, Chen J, Fan C, Rahman AU, Olson MA, Jiang Z, Wang D. Water/Vapor Assisted Fabrication of Large-Area Superprotonic Conductive Covalent Organic Framework Membranes. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2303131. [PMID: 37344349 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202303131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Fabrication of large-area ionic covalent organic framework membranes (iCOMs) remains a grand challenge. Herein, the authors report the liquid water and water vapor-assisted fabrication of large-area superprotonic conductive iCOMs. A mixed monomer solution containing 1,3,5-triformylphloroglucinol (TFP) in 1,4-dioxane and p-diaminobenzenesulfonic acid (DABA) in water is first polymerized to obtain a pristine membrane which subsequently underwent crystallization process in mixed vapors containing water vapor. During the polymerization stage, water played a role of a diluting agent, weakening the Coulombic repulsion between sulfonic acid groups. During the crystallization stage, water vapor played a role of a structure-directing agent to facilitate the formation of highly crystalline, large-area iCOMs. The resulting membranes achieved a proton conductivity value of 0.76 S cm-1 at 90 °C under 100% relative humidity, which is among the highest ever reported. Using liquid water and water vapor as versatile additives open a novel avenue to the fabrication of large-area membranes from covalent organic frameworks and other kinds of crystalline organic framework materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niaz Ali Khan
- Key Laboratory of Textile Fiber and Products, Ministry of Education, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, 430200, P. R. China
| | - Mengying Luo
- Key Laboratory of Textile Fiber and Products, Ministry of Education, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, 430200, P. R. China
| | - Xinlin Zha
- Key Laboratory of Textile Fiber and Products, Ministry of Education, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, 430200, P. R. China
| | - Chandra S Azad
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Rd., Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Jing Lu
- Key Laboratory of Textile Fiber and Products, Ministry of Education, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, 430200, P. R. China
| | - Jiahui Chen
- Key Laboratory of Textile Fiber and Products, Ministry of Education, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, 430200, P. R. China
| | - Chunyang Fan
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Ata Ur Rahman
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, 25000, Pakistan
| | - Mark A Olson
- Department of Physical & Environmental Sciences, Texas A&M University Corpus Christi, Corpus Christi, TX, 78412, USA
| | - Zhongyi Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin, 300192, P. R. China
| | - Dong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Textile Fiber and Products, Ministry of Education, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, 430200, P. R. China
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Li H, Dilipkumar A, Abubakar S, Zhao D. Covalent organic frameworks for CO 2 capture: from laboratory curiosity to industry implementation. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:6294-6329. [PMID: 37591809 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00465h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
CO2 concentration in the atmosphere has increased by about 40% since the 1960s. Among various technologies available for carbon capture, adsorption and membrane processes have been receiving tremendous attention due to their potential to capture CO2 at low costs. The kernel for such processes is the sorbent and membrane materials, and tremendous progress has been made in designing and fabricating novel porous materials for carbon capture. Covalent organic frameworks (COFs), a class of porous crystalline materials, are promising sorbents for CO2 capture due to their high surface area, low density, controllable pore size and structure, and preferable stabilities. However, the absence of synergistic developments between materials and engineering processes hinders achieving the qualitative leap for net-zero emissions. Considering the lack of a timely review on the combination of state-of-the-art COFs and engineering processes, in this Tutorial Review, we emphasize the developments of COFs for meeting the challenges of carbon capture and disclose the strategies of fabricating COFs for realizing industrial implementation. Moreover, this review presents a detailed and basic description of the engineering processes and industrial status of carbon capture. It highlights the importance of machine learning in integrating simulations of molecular and engineering levels. We aim to stimulate both academia and industry communities for joined efforts in bringing COFs to practical carbon capture.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Li
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, 117585, Singapore.
| | - Akhil Dilipkumar
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, 117585, Singapore.
| | - Saifudin Abubakar
- ExxonMobil Asia Pacific Pte. Ltd., 1 HarbourFront Place, #06-00 HarbourFront Tower 1, 098633, Singapore
| | - Dan Zhao
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, 117585, Singapore.
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Hu J, Huang Z, Liu Y. Beyond Solvothermal: Alternative Synthetic Methods for Covalent Organic Frameworks. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202306999. [PMID: 37265002 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202306999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are crystalline porous organic materials that hold a wealth of potential applications across various fields. The development of COFs, however, is significantly impeded by the dearth of efficient synthetic methods. The traditional solvothermal approach, while prevalent, is fraught with challenges such as complicated processes, excessive energy consumption, long reaction times, and limited scalability, rendering it unsuitable for practical applications. The quest for simpler, quicker, more energy-efficient, and environmentally benign synthetic strategies is thus paramount for bridging the gap between academic COF chemistry and industrial application. This Review provides an overview of the recent advances in alternative COF synthetic methods, with a particular emphasis on energy input. We discuss representative examples of COF synthesis facilitated by microwave, ultrasound, mechanic force, light, plasma, electric field, and electron beam. Perspectives on the advantages and limitations of these methods against the traditional solvothermal approach are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyun Hu
- School of Physical Sciences, Great Bay University, Dongguan, Guangdong 523000, China
| | - Zhiyuan Huang
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Yi Liu
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
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Li Z, Sun L, Zhai L, Oh KS, Seo JM, Li C, Han D, Baek JB, Lee SY. Olefin-Linked Covalent Organic Frameworks with Electronegative Channels as Cationic Highways for Sustainable Lithium Metal Battery Anodes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202307459. [PMID: 37488979 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202307459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Despite the enormous interest in Li metal as an ideal anode material, the uncontrollable Li dendrite growth and unstable solid electrolyte interphase have plagued its practical application. These limitations can be attributed to the sluggish and uneven Li+ migration towards Li metal surface. Here, we report olefin-linked covalent organic frameworks (COFs) with electronegative channels for facilitating selective Li+ transport. The triazine rings and fluorinated groups of the COFs are introduced as electron-rich sites capable of enhancing salt dissociation and guiding uniform Li+ flux within the channels, resulting in a high Li+ transference number (0.85) and high ionic conductivity (1.78 mS cm-1 ). The COFs are mixed with a polymeric binder to form mixed matrix membranes. These membranes enable reliable Li plating/stripping cyclability over 700 h in Li/Li symmetric cells and stable capacity retention in Li/LiFePO4 cells, demonstrating its potential as a viable cationic highway for accelerating Li+ conduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongping Li
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering/Center for Dimension-Controllable Organic Frameworks, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Linhai Sun
- Henan Key Laboratory of Functional Salt Materials, Center for Advanced Materials Research, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 45007, P. R. China
| | - Lipeng Zhai
- Henan Key Laboratory of Functional Salt Materials, Center for Advanced Materials Research, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 45007, P. R. China
| | - Kyeong-Seok Oh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Min Seo
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering/Center for Dimension-Controllable Organic Frameworks, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Changqing Li
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering/Center for Dimension-Controllable Organic Frameworks, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Diandian Han
- Henan Key Laboratory of Functional Salt Materials, Center for Advanced Materials Research, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 45007, P. R. China
| | - Jong-Beom Baek
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering/Center for Dimension-Controllable Organic Frameworks, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Young Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
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Guo Y, Wei J, Ying Y, Liu Y, Zhou W, Yu Q. Recent Progress of Crystalline Porous Frameworks for Intermediate-Temperature Proton Conduction. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:11166-11187. [PMID: 37533296 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c01205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Proton exchange membranes (PEMs), especially for work under intermediate temperatures (100-200 °C), have attracted great interest because of the high CO toleration and facial water management of the corresponding proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). Traditional polymer PEMs faced challenges of low stability and proton carrier leaking. Crystalline porous materials, such as metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and covalent organic frameworks (COFs), are promising to overcome these issues contributed by nanometer-sized channels. Herein we summarized the recent development of MOF/COF-based intermediate-temperature proton conductors. The strategies of framework engineering and pore impregnation were introduced in detail for raising proton conductivity. The proton-conducting mechanism was described as well. This spotlight will provide new insight into the fabrication of MOF/COF proton conductors under intermediate-temperature and anhydrous conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Guo
- Institute for Energy Research, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, P. R. China
| | - Junsheng Wei
- Institute for Energy Research, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, P. R. China
| | - Yulong Ying
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, P. R. China
| | - Yu Liu
- Institute for Energy Research, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, P. R. China
| | - Weiqiang Zhou
- Institute for Energy Research, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, P. R. China
| | - Qing Yu
- Institute for Energy Research, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, P. R. China
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Paul R, Kalita P, Dao DQ, Mondal I, Boro B, Mondal J. Linker Independent Regioselective Protonation Triggered Detoxification of Sulfur Mustards with Smart Porous Organic Photopolymer. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2302045. [PMID: 37165579 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202302045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The development of efficient metal-free photocatalysts for the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) for sulfur mustard (HD) decontamination can play a vital role against the stockpiling of chemical warfare agents (CWAs). Herein, one novel concept is conceived by smartly choosing a specific ionic monomer and a donor tritopic aldehyde, which can trigger linker-independent regioselective protonation/deprotonation in the polymeric backbone. In this context, the newly developed vinylene-linked ionic polymers (TPA/TPD-Ionic) are further explored for visible-light-assisted detoxification of HD simulants. Time-resolved-photoluminescence (TRPL) study reveals the protonation effect in the polymeric backbone by significantly enhancing the life span of photoexcited electrons. In terms of catalytic performance, TPA-Ionic outperformed TPD-Ionic because of its enhanced excitons formation and charge carrier abilities caused by the donor-acceptor (D-A) backbone and protonation effects. Moreover, the formation of singlet oxygen (1 O2 ) species is confirmed via in-situ Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) spectroscopy and density functional theory (DFT) analysis, which explained the crucial role of solvents in the reaction medium to regulate the (1 O2 ) formation. This study creates a new avenue for developing novel porous photocatalysts and highlights the crucial roles of sacrificial electron donors and solvents in the reaction medium to establish the structure-activity relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratul Paul
- Department of Catalysis & Fine Chemicals, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500 007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Priyanka Kalita
- Department of Catalysis & Fine Chemicals, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500 007, India
| | - Duy Quang Dao
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, 550000, Vietnam
- School of Engineering and Technology, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, 550000, Vietnam
| | - Indranil Mondal
- Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17 Juni 135, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bishal Boro
- Department of Catalysis & Fine Chemicals, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500 007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - John Mondal
- Department of Catalysis & Fine Chemicals, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500 007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
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Ji H, Li M, Yan G, Qiao D, Dong B, Feng Y, Qu X, Shi J, Zhang X. Thiadiazole-Derived Covalent Organic Framework Macroscopic Ultralight Aerogel. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023. [PMID: 37487247 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c08351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Shaping covalent organic frameworks (COFs) into macroscopic objects for practical application remains a huge challenge. Herein, a new thiadiazole-derived COF macroscopic ultralight aerogel (NNS-VCOF) was prepared through acid-catalyzed aldol condensation between 2,5-dimethyl-1,3,4-thiadiazole and a tritopic aromatic aldehyde derivative. NNS-VCOF aerogel shows extremely low density (ca. 0.020 g cm-3), excellent mechanical properties (compression modulus of 16.65 kPa), thermal insulation properties (low thermal conductivity of 0.03270 W m-1 K-1 at 25 °C), and flame retardancy (quickly self-extinguishing after ignition) due to its three-dimensional sponge-like architecture and special nitrogen heterocyclic framework. To our delight, NNS-VCOF aerogel not only can be used as an outstanding macroscopic material but also shows efficient photocatalytic hydrogen evolution properties in a powder state because of the superhydrophilicity and appropriate optical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Ji
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Functional Polymers, Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, P. R. China
| | - Mengke Li
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Functional Polymers, Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, P. R. China
| | - Gaojie Yan
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Functional Polymers, Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, P. R. China
| | - Danyang Qiao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, P. R. China
| | - Beibei Dong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, P. R. China
| | - Yi Feng
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Functional Polymers, Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, P. R. China
| | - Xiongwei Qu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Functional Polymers, Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, P. R. China
| | - Jingjing Shi
- School of Science, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226019, P. R. China
| | - Xiaojie Zhang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Functional Polymers, Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, P. R. China
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Zhang SL, Guo ZC, Xu K, Li Z, Li G. Design, Preparation, and High Intrinsic Proton Conductivity of Two Highly Stable Hydrazone-Linked Covalent Organic Frameworks. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023. [PMID: 37384833 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c05990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Assembling crystalline materials with high stability and high proton conductivity as a potential alternative to the Nafion membrane is a challenging topic in the field of energy materials. Herein, we concentrated on the creation and preparation of hydrazone-linked COFs with super-high stability to explore their proton conduction. Fortunately, two hydrazone-linked COFs, TpBth and TaBth, were solvothermally prepared by using benzene-1,3,5-tricarbohydrazide (Bth), 2,4,6-trihydroxy-benzene-1,3,5-tricarbaldehyde (Tp), and 2,4,6-tris(4-formylphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine (Ta) as monomers. Their structures were simulated by Material Studio 8.0 software and confirmed by the PXRD pattern, demonstrating a two-dimensional framework with AA packing. The presence of a large number of carbonyl groups as well as -NH-NH2- groups on the backbone is responsible for their super-high water stability as well as high water absorption capacity. AC impedance tests demonstrated a positive correlation between the water-assisted proton conductivity (σ) of the two COFs and the temperature and humidity. Under 100 °C/98% RH, the highest σ values of TpBth and TaBth can reach 2.11 × 10-4 and 0.62 × 10-5 S·cm-1, which are among the high σ values of the reported COFs. Their proton-conductive mechanisms were highlighted by structural analyses as well as N2 and H2O vapor adsorption data and activation energy values. Our systematic research affords ideas for the synthesis of proton-conducting COFs with high σ values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai-Long Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Green Catalysis Center, Zhengzhou University, 450001 Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zhong-Cheng Guo
- College of Chemistry and Green Catalysis Center, Zhengzhou University, 450001 Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Kaiyin Xu
- College of Chemistry and Green Catalysis Center, Zhengzhou University, 450001 Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zifeng Li
- College of Chemistry and Green Catalysis Center, Zhengzhou University, 450001 Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Gang Li
- College of Chemistry and Green Catalysis Center, Zhengzhou University, 450001 Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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Chen J, Wang Y, Yu Y, Wang J, Liu J, Ihara H, Qiu H. Composite materials based on covalent organic frameworks for multiple advanced applications. EXPLORATION (BEIJING, CHINA) 2023; 3:20220144. [PMID: 37933382 PMCID: PMC10624394 DOI: 10.1002/exp.20220144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) stand for a class of emerging crystalline porous organic materials, which are ingeniously constructed with organic units through strong covalent bonds. Their excellent design capabilities, and uniform and tunable pore structure make them potential materials for various applications. With the continuous development of synthesis technique and nanoscience, COFs have been successfully combined with a variety of functional materials to form COFs-based composites with superior performance than individual components. This paper offers an overview of the development of different types of COFs-based composites reported so far, with particular focus on the applications of COFs-based composites. Moreover, the challenges and future development prospects of COFs-based composites are presented. We anticipate that the review will provide some inspiration for the further development of COFs-based composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhouChina
| | - Yuting Wang
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, College of SciencesNortheastern UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Yongliang Yu
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, College of SciencesNortheastern UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Jianhua Wang
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, College of SciencesNortheastern UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Juewen Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Waterloo Institute for NanotechnologyUniversity of WaterlooWaterlooOntarioCanada
| | - Hirotaka Ihara
- Department of Applied Chemistry and BiochemistryKumamoto UniversityChuo‐kuKumamotoJapan
| | - Hongdeng Qiu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhouChina
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Wang FD, Yang LJ, Wang XX, Rong Y, Yang LB, Zhang CX, Yan FY, Wang QL. Pyrazine-Functionalized Donor-Acceptor Covalent Organic Frameworks for Enhanced Photocatalytic H 2 Evolution with High Proton Transport. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2207421. [PMID: 36890778 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202207421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The well-defined 2D or 3D structure of covalent organic frameworks (COFs) makes it have great potential in photoelectric conversion and ions conduction fields. Herein, a new donor-accepter (D-A) COF material, named PyPz-COF, constructed from electron donor 4,4',4″,4'″-(pyrene-1,3,6,8-tetrayl)tetraaniline and electron accepter 4,4'-(pyrazine-2,5-diyl)dibenzaldehyde with an ordered and stable π-conjugated structure is reported. Interestingly, the introduction of pyrazine ring endows the PyPz-COF a distinct optical, electrochemical, charge-transfer properties, and also brings plentiful CN groups that enrich the proton by hydrogen bonds to enhance the photocatalysis performance. Thus, PyPz-COF exhibits a significantly improved photocatalytic hydrogen generation performance up to 7542 µmol g-1 h-1 with Pt as cocatalyst, also in clear contrast to that of PyTp-COF without pyrazine introduction (1714 µmol g-1 h-1 ). Moreover, the abundant nitrogen sites of the pyrazine ring and the well-defined 1D nanochannels enable the as-prepared COFs to immobilize H3 PO4 proton carriers in COFs through hydrogen bond confinement. The resulting material has an impressive proton conduction up to 8.10 × 10-2 S cm-1 at 353 K, 98% RH. This work will inspire the design and synthesis of COF-based materials with both efficient photocatalysis and proton conduction performance in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Dong Wang
- College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, P. R. China
| | - Li-Juan Yang
- College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, P. R. China
| | - Xin-Xin Wang
- College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, P. R. China
| | - Yi Rong
- College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, P. R. China
| | - Li-Bin Yang
- College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, P. R. China
| | - Chen-Xi Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Brine Chemical Engineering and Resource Eco-utilization, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, P. R. China
| | - Fang-You Yan
- College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, P. R. China
| | - Qing-Lun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
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Gui B, Xin J, Cheng Y, Zhang Y, Lin G, Chen P, Ma JX, Zhou X, Sun J, Wang C. Crystallization of Dimensional Isomers in Covalent Organic Frameworks. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:11276-11281. [PMID: 37167629 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c01729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Dimensional isomers, defined in reticular chemistry as frameworks consisting of identical molecular building blocks but extended in two or three dimensions (2D or 3D), are an important type of framework isomers that have never been isolated. Herein, we report the crystallization of dimensional isomers in covalent organic frameworks (COFs) for the first time. By polymerization of the same molecular building blocks at different temperatures, both 2D and 3D COFs were successfully constructed due to the temperature-induced conformational changes of precursors from planar to tetrahedral. In addition, the non-fluorescent 2D COF can be gradually converted into the fluorescent 3D COF by increasing the temperature under solvothermal conditions. Therefore, it is reasonable to crystallize the dimensional isomers of reticular materials by controlling the conformation of molecular building blocks, and more examples can be expected. Since the obtained dimensional isomers show different properties and functions, this work will definitely motivate us to design reticular materials for target applications in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Gui
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Junjie Xin
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yuanpeng Cheng
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yufei Zhang
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Guiqing Lin
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Pohua Chen
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jian-Xin Ma
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xu Zhou
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Junliang Sun
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
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Yin C, Liu M, Zhang Z, Wei M, Shi X, Zhang Y, Wang J, Wang Y. Perpendicular Alignment of Covalent Organic Framework (COF) Pore Channels by Solvent Vapor Annealing. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:11431-11439. [PMID: 37162483 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c03198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have showcased great potential in diverse applications such as separation and catalysis, where mass transfer confined in their pore channels plays a significant role. However, anisotropic orientation usually occurs in polycrystalline COFs, and perpendicular alignment of COF pore channels is ultimately desired to maximize their performance. Herein, we demonstrate a strategy, solvent vapor annealing, to reorient COF pore channels from anisotropic orientation to perpendicular alignment. COF thin films are first synthesized to have flexible N-H bonds in their skeletons, thus having structural mobility to enable molecular rearrangement. A solvent with low relative permittivity and a conjugated structure is then identified to have a strong affinity toward the COFs, allowing its vapor to easily penetrate into the COF interlayers. The solvent vapor weakens the π-π interaction and consequently allows the COF monolayers to dissociate. The COF monolayers undergo a reorientation process that converts from random stacking into the face-on stacking fashion, in which the through COF pores are perpendicularly aligned. The aligned COF film exhibits high separation precision toward ions featuring a size difference down to 2 Å, which is 8 times higher than that of the anisotropically oriented counterpart. This work opens up an avenue for COF orientation regulation by solvent vapor annealing and reveals the essential role of the perpendicular alignment of COF pore channels to enable precision separations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congcong Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, Jiangsu, P. R. China
- School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Ming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Mingjie Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Xiansong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Yatao Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, P. R. China
| | - Jingtao Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, P. R. China
| | - Yong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, Jiangsu, P. R. China
- School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, Jiangsu, P. R. China
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Xu Y, Yu Z, Zhang Q, Luo F. Sulfonic-Pendent Vinylene-Linked Covalent Organic Frameworks Enabling Benchmark Potential in Advanced Energy. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2300408. [PMID: 36859764 PMCID: PMC10161031 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202300408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Both proton exchange membrane fuel cells and uranium-based nuclear techniques represent two green and advanced energies. However, both of them still face some intractable scientific and industrial problems. For the former, established proton-conduction materials always suffer one or another defect such as low proton conductivity, high activation energy, bad durability, or just small-scale product; while for the later, there still lacks available adsorbent to selectively recover of UO2 2+ from concentrated nitric acid (>1 M) during the spent fuel reprocessing due to the deactivation of the adsorption site or the decomposition of adsorbent under such rigorous conditions. It is found that the above two issues can be well solved by the construction of sulfonic-pendent vinylene-linked covalent organic frameworks (COFs), since these COFs contain abundant sulfonic units for both intrinsic proton conduction and UO2 2+ capture through strong coordination fixation and vinylene linkage that enhances the stability up to 12 M nitric acid (one of the best materials surviving in 12 M HNO3 ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Xu
- School of Chemistry, Biology and Materials Science, East China University of Technology, Nanchang, 330013, China
| | - Zhiwu Yu
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory Chinese Academy of Sciences Hefei, Anhui, 230031, China
| | - Qingyun Zhang
- School of Chemistry, Biology and Materials Science, East China University of Technology, Nanchang, 330013, China
| | - Feng Luo
- School of Chemistry, Biology and Materials Science, East China University of Technology, Nanchang, 330013, China
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Emerging tetrapyrrole porous organic polymers for chemosensing applications. Coord Chem Rev 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2023.215078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
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50
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Guo F, Zhang W, Yang S, Wang L, Yu G. 2D Covalent Organic Frameworks Based on Heteroacene Units. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2207876. [PMID: 36703526 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202207876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are a unique new class of porous materials that arrange building units into periodic ordered frameworks through strong covalent bonds. Accompanied with structural rigidity and well-defined geometry, heteroacene-based COFs have natural advantages in constructing COFs with high stability and crystallinity. Heteroacene-based COFs usually have high physical and chemical properties, and their extended π-conjugation also leads to relatively low energy gap, effectively promoting π-electron delocalization between network units. Owing to excellent electron-withdrawing or -donating ability, heteroacene units have incomparable advantages in the preparation of donor-acceptor type COFs. Therefore, the physicochemical robust and fully conjugated heteroacene-based COFs solve the problem of traditional COFs lacking π-π interaction and chemical stability. In recent years, significant breakthroughs are made in this field, the choice of various linking modes and building blocks has fundamentally ensured the final applications of COFs. It is of great significance to summarize the heteroacene-based COFs for improving its complexity and controllability. This review first introduces the linkages in heteroacene-based COFs, including reversible and irreversible linkages. Subsequently, some representative building blocks are summarized, and their related applications are especially emphasized. Finally, conclusion and perspectives for future research on heteroacene-based COFs are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu Guo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Weifeng Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Shuai Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Liping Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Gui Yu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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