1
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Ju S, Li D, Mai BK, Liu X, Vallota-Eastman A, Wu J, Valentine DL, Liu P, Yang Y. Stereodivergent photobiocatalytic radical cyclization through the repurposing and directed evolution of fatty acid photodecarboxylases. Nat Chem 2024:10.1038/s41557-024-01494-0. [PMID: 38632367 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-024-01494-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Despite their intriguing photophysical and photochemical activities, naturally occurring photoenzymes have not yet been repurposed for new-to-nature activities. Here we engineered fatty acid photodecarboxylases to catalyse unnatural photoredox radical C-C bond formation by leveraging the strongly oxidizing excited-state flavoquinone cofactor. Through genome mining, rational engineering and directed evolution, we developed a panel of radical photocyclases to facilitate decarboxylative radical cyclization with excellent chemo-, enantio- and diastereoselectivities. Our high-throughput experimental workflow allowed for the directed evolution of fatty acid photodecarboxylases. An orthogonal set of radical photocyclases was engineered to access all four possible stereoisomers of the stereochemical dyad, affording fully diastereo- and enantiodivergent biotransformations in asymmetric radical biocatalysis. Molecular dynamics simulations show that our evolved radical photocyclases allow near-attack conformations to be easily accessed, enabling chemoselective radical cyclization. The development of stereoselective radical photocyclases provides unnatural C-C-bond-forming activities in natural photoenzyme families, which can be used to tame the stereochemistry of free-radical-mediated reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyun Ju
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Dian Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Binh Khanh Mai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Alec Vallota-Eastman
- Interdepartmental Graduate Program for Marine Science, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Jianping Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - David L Valentine
- Marine Science Institute, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
- Department of Earth Science, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA.
- Biomolecular Science and Engineering (BMSE) Program, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA.
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2
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Mou K, Guo Y, Xu W, Li D, Wang Z, Wu Q. Stereodivergent Protein Engineering of Fatty Acid Photodecarboxylase for Light-Driven Kinetic Resolution of Sec-Alcohol Oxalates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202318374. [PMID: 38195798 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202318374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Stereodivergent engineering of one enzyme to create stereocomplementary variants for synthesizing optically pure molecules with tailor-made (R) or (S) configurations on an optional basis is highly desirable and challenging. This study aimed to engineer fatty acid photodecarboxylase from Chlorella variabilis (CvFAP) using the focused rational iterative site-specific mutagenesis (FRISM) strategy to obtain two highly stereocomplementary variants with excellent selectivity (both giving products with up to 99 % e.e.). These variants were used for the CvFAP-catalyzed light-driven kinetic resolution of oxalates or oxamic acids prepared from the corresponding sec-alcohols or amines, providing a new biotransformation process for preparing chiral sec-alcohols and amines. Molecular dynamics simulation, kinetic data and transient spectra revealed the source of selectivity. This study represents the first example of the kinetic resolution of sec-alcohols or amines catalyzed by a pair of stereocomplementary CvFAPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaihao Mou
- Center of Chemistry for Frontier Technologies, Department of Chemistry, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yue Guo
- Center of Chemistry for Frontier Technologies, Department of Chemistry, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Weihua Xu
- Center of Chemistry for Frontier Technologies, Department of Chemistry, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Danyang Li
- Center of Chemistry for Frontier Technologies, Department of Chemistry, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Zhiguo Wang
- Institute of Aging Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Qi Wu
- Center of Chemistry for Frontier Technologies, Department of Chemistry, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
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3
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Han G, Li G, Sun Y. Electrocatalytic Hydrogenation Using Palladium Membrane Reactors. JACS AU 2024; 4:328-343. [PMID: 38425903 PMCID: PMC10900496 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.3c00647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Hydrogenation is a crucial chemical process employed in a myriad of industries, often facilitated by metals such as Pd, Pt, and Ni as catalysts. Traditional thermocatalytic hydrogenation usually necessitates high temperature and elevated pressure, making the process energy intensive. Electrocatalytic hydrogenation offers an alternative but suffers from issues such as competing H2 evolution, electrolyte separation, and limited solvent selection. This Perspective introduces the evolution and advantages of the electrocatalytic Pd membrane reactor (ePMR) as a solution to these challenges. ePMR utilizes a Pd membrane to physically separate the electrochemical chamber from the hydrogenation chamber, permitting the use of water as the hydrogen source and eliminating the need for H2 gas. This setup allows for greater control over reaction conditions, such as solvent and electrolyte selection, while mitigating issues such as low Faradaic efficiency and complex product separation. Several representative hydrogenation reactions (e.g., hydrogenation of C=C, C≡C, C=O, C≡N, and O=O bonds) achieved via ePMR over the past 30 years were concisely discussed to highlight the unique advantages of ePMR. Promising research directions along with the advancement of ePMR for more challenging hydrogenation reactions are also proposed. Finally, we provide a prospect for future development of this distinctive hydrogenation strategy using hydrogen-permeable membrane electrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yujie Sun
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, United States
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4
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Qin Z, Zhou Y, Li Z, Höhne M, Bornscheuer UT, Wu S. Production of Biobased Ethylbenzene by Cascade Biocatalysis with an Engineered Photodecarboxylase. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202314566. [PMID: 37947487 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202314566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Production of commodity chemicals, such as benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes (BTEX), from renewable resources is key for a sustainable society. Biocatalysis enables one-pot multistep transformation of bioresources under mild conditions, yet it is often limited to biochemicals. Herein, we developed a non-natural three-enzyme cascade for one-pot conversion of biobased l-phenylalanine into ethylbenzene. The key rate-limiting photodecarboxylase was subjected to structure-guided semirational engineering, and a triple mutant CvFAP(Y466T/P460A/G462I) was obtained with a 6.3-fold higher productivity. With this improved photodecarboxylase, an optimized two-cell sequential process was developed to convert l-phenylalanine into ethylbenzene with 82 % conversion. The cascade reaction was integrated with fermentation to achieve the one-pot bioproduction of ethylbenzene from biobased glycerol, demonstrating the potential of cascade biocatalysis plus enzyme engineering for the production of biobased commodity chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyang Qin
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, No. 1 Shizishan Street, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Yi Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, No. 1 Shizishan Street, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Zhi Li
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
| | - Matthias Höhne
- Institute of Chemistry, Technische Universität Berlin, Müller-Breslau-Str. 10, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Uwe T Bornscheuer
- Department of Biotechnology and Enzyme Catalysis, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, Felix Hausdorff-Str. 4, 17489, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Shuke Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, No. 1 Shizishan Street, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
- Department of Biotechnology and Enzyme Catalysis, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, Felix Hausdorff-Str. 4, 17489, Greifswald, Germany
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5
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Shi Q, Kang XW, Liu Z, Sakthivel P, Aman H, Chang R, Yan X, Pang Y, Dai S, Ding B, Ye J. Single-Electron Oxidation-Initiated Enantioselective Hydrosulfonylation of Olefins Enabled by Photoenzymatic Catalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:2748-2756. [PMID: 38214454 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c12513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Controlling the enantioselectivity of hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) reactions has been a long-standing synthetic challenge. While recent advances on photoenzymatic catalysis have demonstrated the great potential of non-natural photoenzymes, all of the transformations are initiated by single-electron reduction of the substrate, with only one notable exception. Herein, we report an oxidation-initiated photoenzymatic enantioselective hydrosulfonylation of olefins using a novel mutant of gluconobacter ene-reductase (GluER-W100F-W342F). Compared to known photoenzymatic systems, our approach does not rely on the formation of an electron donor-acceptor complex between the substrates and enzyme cofactor and simplifies the reaction system by obviating the addition of a cofactor regeneration mixture. More importantly, the GluER variant exhibits high reactivity and enantioselectivity and a broad substrate scope. Mechanistic studies support the proposed oxidation-initiated mechanism and reveal that a tyrosine-mediated HAT process is involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinglong Shi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Center for Ultrafast Science and Technology, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xiu-Wen Kang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Center for Ultrafast Science and Technology, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zhiyong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory on Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Pandaram Sakthivel
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Center for Ultrafast Science and Technology, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Hasil Aman
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Center for Ultrafast Science and Technology, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Rui Chang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Center for Ultrafast Science and Technology, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xiaoyu Yan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Center for Ultrafast Science and Technology, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yubing Pang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Center for Ultrafast Science and Technology, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Shaobo Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory on Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Bei Ding
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Center for Ultrafast Science and Technology, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Juntao Ye
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Center for Ultrafast Science and Technology, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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6
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Zhu C, Yuan Z, Deng Z, Yin D, Zhang Y, Zhou J, Rao Y. Photoenzymatic Enantioselective Synthesis of Oxygen-Containing Benzo-Fused Heterocycles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202311762. [PMID: 37899302 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202311762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
New-to-nature biocatalysis in organic synthesis has recently emerged as a green and powerful strategy for the preparation of valuable chiral products, among which chiral oxygen-containing benzo-fused heterocycles are important structural motifs in pharmaceutical industry. However, the asymmetric synthesis of these compounds through radical-mediated methods is challenging. Herein, a novel asymmetric radical-mediated photoenzymatic synthesis strategy is developed to realize the efficient enantioselective synthesis of oxygen-containing benzo-fused heterocycles through structure-guided engineering of a flavin-dependent 'ene'-reductase GluER. It shows that variant GluER-W100H could efficiently produce various benzoxepinones, chromanone and indanone with different benzo-fused rings in high yields with great stereoselectivities under visible light. Moreover, these results are well supported by mechanistic experiments, revealing that this photoenzymatic process involves electron donor-acceptor complex formation, single electron transfer and hydrogen atom transfer. Therefore, we provide an alternative green approach for efficient chemoenzymatic synthesis of important chiral skeletons of bioactive pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changtong Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 214122, Wuxi, P. R. China
| | - Zhenbo Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 214122, Wuxi, P. R. China
| | - Zhiwei Deng
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 214122, Wuxi, P. R. China
| | - Dejing Yin
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 214122, Wuxi, P. R. China
| | - Yan Zhang
- School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, 214122, Wuxi, P. R. China
| | - Jingwen Zhou
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, 214122, Wuxi, P. R. China
| | - Yijian Rao
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 214122, Wuxi, P. R. China
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7
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Zheng J, Shen Z, Gao JM, Zhou J, Gu Y. Enzymatic Photodecarboxylation on Secondary and Tertiary Carboxylic Acids. Org Lett 2023; 25:8564-8569. [PMID: 38019531 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Photoenzymatic decarboxylation of bulky secondary and tertiary carboxylic acids catalyzed by engineered Chlorella variabilis fatty acid photodecarboxylase (CvFAP) is reported. Rational design and directed evolution of wild-type CvFAP are used to improve the reactivity and expand potential applications. Moreover, engineered CvFAP can catalyze light-driven kinetic resolution of α-substituted carboxylic acid. Our work sheds light on the production of chiral building blocks and bioactive molecules from bulky carboxylic acids via the photoenzymatic way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zheng
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuanglin Shen
- Key Laboratory of Quantitative Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Ming Gao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiahai Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Quantitative Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Gu
- Key Laboratory of Quantitative Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, People's Republic of China
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8
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Sui Y, Guo X, Zhou R, Fu Z, Chai Y, Xia A, Zhao W. Photoenzymatic Decarboxylation to Produce Hydrocarbon Fuels: A Critical Review. Mol Biotechnol 2023:10.1007/s12033-023-00775-2. [PMID: 37349610 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-023-00775-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Photoenzymatic decarboxylation shows great promise as a pathway for the generation of hydrocarbon fuels. CvFAP, which is derived from Chlorella variabilis NC64A, is a photodecarboxylase capable of converting fatty acids into hydrocarbons. CvFAP is an example of coupling biocatalysis and photocatalysis to produce alkanes. The catalytic process is mild, and it does not yield toxic substances or excess by-products. However, the activity of CvFAP can be readily inhibited by several factors, and further enhancement is required to improve the enzyme yield and stability. In this article, we will examine the latest advancements in CvFAP research, with a particular focus on the enzyme's structural and catalytic mechanism, summarized some limitations in the application of CvFAP, and laboratory-level methods for enhancing enzyme activity and stability. This review can serve as a reference for future large-scale industrial production of hydrocarbon fuels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqi Sui
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Xiaobo Guo
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Rui Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Zhisong Fu
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Yingxin Chai
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Ao Xia
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Wenhui Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China.
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9
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Emmanuel MA, Bender SG, Bilodeau C, Carceller JM, DeHovitz JS, Fu H, Liu Y, Nicholls BT, Ouyang Y, Page CG, Qiao T, Raps FC, Sorigué DR, Sun SZ, Turek-Herman J, Ye Y, Rivas-Souchet A, Cao J, Hyster TK. Photobiocatalytic Strategies for Organic Synthesis. Chem Rev 2023; 123:5459-5520. [PMID: 37115521 PMCID: PMC10905417 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Biocatalysis has revolutionized chemical synthesis, providing sustainable methods for preparing various organic molecules. In enzyme-mediated organic synthesis, most reactions involve molecules operating from their ground states. Over the past 25 years, there has been an increased interest in enzymatic processes that utilize electronically excited states accessed through photoexcitation. These photobiocatalytic processes involve a diverse array of reaction mechanisms that are complementary to one another. This comprehensive review will describe the state-of-the-art strategies in photobiocatalysis for organic synthesis until December 2022. Apart from reviewing the relevant literature, a central goal of this review is to delineate the mechanistic differences between the general strategies employed in the field. We will organize this review based on the relationship between the photochemical step and the enzymatic transformations. The review will include mechanistic studies, substrate scopes, and protein optimization strategies. By clearly defining mechanistically-distinct strategies in photobiocatalytic chemistry, we hope to illuminate future synthetic opportunities in the area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan A Emmanuel
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Sophie G Bender
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Catherine Bilodeau
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Jose M Carceller
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
- Institute of Chemical Technology (ITQ), Universitat Politècnica de València, València 46022,Spain
| | - Jacob S DeHovitz
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Haigen Fu
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Bryce T Nicholls
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Yao Ouyang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Claire G Page
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Tianzhang Qiao
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Felix C Raps
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Damien R Sorigué
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
- Aix-Marseille University, CEA, CNRS, Institute of Biosciences and Biotechnologies, BIAM Cadarache, 13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - Shang-Zheng Sun
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Joshua Turek-Herman
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Yuxuan Ye
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Ariadna Rivas-Souchet
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Jingzhe Cao
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Todd K Hyster
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
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10
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Fu Y, Liu X, Xia Y, Guo X, Guo J, Zhang J, Zhao W, Wu Y, Wang J, Zhong F. Whole-cell-catalyzed hydrogenation/deuteration of aryl halides with a genetically repurposed photodehalogenase. Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2023.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
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11
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Samire PP, Zhuang B, Légeret B, Baca-Porcel Á, Peltier G, Sorigué D, Aleksandrov A, Beisson F, Müller P. Autocatalytic effect boosts the production of medium-chain hydrocarbons by fatty acid photodecarboxylase. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadg3881. [PMID: 37000872 PMCID: PMC10065435 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adg3881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Ongoing climate change is driving the search for renewable and carbon-neutral alternatives to fossil fuels. Photocatalytic conversion of fatty acids to hydrocarbons by fatty acid photodecarboxylase (FAP) represents a promising route to green fuels. However, the alleged low activity of FAP on C2 to C12 fatty acids seemed to preclude the use for synthesis of gasoline-range hydrocarbons. Here, we reveal that Chlorella variabilis FAP (CvFAP) can convert n-octanoic acid in vitro four times faster than n-hexadecanoic acid, its best substrate reported to date. In vivo, this translates into a CvFAP-based production rate over 10-fold higher for n-heptane than for n-pentadecane. Time-resolved spectroscopy and molecular modeling demonstrate that CvFAP's high catalytic activity on n-octanoic acid is, in part, due to an autocatalytic effect of its n-heptane product, which fills the rest of the binding pocket. These results represent an important step toward a bio-based and light-driven production of gasoline-like hydrocarbons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poutoum P. Samire
- Aix-Marseille University, CEA, CNRS, Institute of Biosciences and Biotechnologies, BIAM Cadarache, 13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), 91198 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Bo Zhuang
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), 91198 Gif sur Yvette, France
- LOB, CNRS, INSERM, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91128 Palaiseau Cedex, France
| | - Bertrand Légeret
- Aix-Marseille University, CEA, CNRS, Institute of Biosciences and Biotechnologies, BIAM Cadarache, 13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - Ángel Baca-Porcel
- Aix-Marseille University, CEA, CNRS, Institute of Biosciences and Biotechnologies, BIAM Cadarache, 13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - Gilles Peltier
- Aix-Marseille University, CEA, CNRS, Institute of Biosciences and Biotechnologies, BIAM Cadarache, 13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - Damien Sorigué
- Aix-Marseille University, CEA, CNRS, Institute of Biosciences and Biotechnologies, BIAM Cadarache, 13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - Alexey Aleksandrov
- LOB, CNRS, INSERM, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91128 Palaiseau Cedex, France
| | - Frédéric Beisson
- Aix-Marseille University, CEA, CNRS, Institute of Biosciences and Biotechnologies, BIAM Cadarache, 13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - Pavel Müller
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), 91198 Gif sur Yvette, France
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12
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Long C, He Y, Guan Z. Emerging Strategies for Asymmetric Synthesis: Combining Enzyme Promiscuity and Photo‐/Electro‐redox Catalysis. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202200685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chao‐Jiu Long
- Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Southwest University Chongqing 400715 P. R. China
| | - Yan‐Hong He
- Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Southwest University Chongqing 400715 P. R. China
| | - Zhi Guan
- Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Southwest University Chongqing 400715 P. R. China
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13
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Duan X, Cui D, Wang Z, Zheng D, Jiang L, Huang WY, Jia YX, Xu J. A Photoenzymatic Strategy for Radical-Mediated Stereoselective Hydroalkylation with Diazo Compounds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202214135. [PMID: 36478374 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202214135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Carbene insertion reactions initiated with diazo compounds have been widely used to develop unnatural enzymatic reactions. However, alternative functionalization of diazo compounds in enzymatic processes has been unexploited. Herein, we describe a photoenzymatic strategy for radical-mediated stereoselective hydroalkylation with diazo compounds. This method generates carbon-centered radicals through an ene reductase catalyzed photoinduced electron transfer process from diazo compounds, enabling the synthesis of γ-stereogenic carbonyl compounds in good yields and stereoselectivities. This study further expands the possible reaction patterns in photo-biocatalysis and offers a new approach to solving the selectivity challenges of radical-mediated reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Duan
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, P. R. China
| | - Dong Cui
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, P. R. China
| | - Zhiguo Wang
- Institute of Aging Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, P. R. China
| | - Dannan Zheng
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, P. R. China
| | - Linye Jiang
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Yu Huang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, P. R. China
| | - Yi-Xia Jia
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
| | - Jian Xu
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, P. R. China
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14
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Suzuki A, Kamei Y, Yamashita M, Seino Y, Yamaguchi Y, Yoshino T, Kojima M, Matsunaga S. Photocatalytic Deuterium Atom Transfer Deuteration of Electron-Deficient Alkenes with High Functional Group Tolerance. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202214433. [PMID: 36394187 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202214433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Due to its mild reaction conditions and unique chemoselectivity, hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) hydrogenation represents an indispensable method for the synthesis of complex molecules. Its analog using deuterium, deuterium atom transfer (DAT) deuteration, is expected to enable access to complex deuterium-labeled compounds. However, DAT deuteration has been scarcely studied for synthetic purposes, and a method that possesses the favorable characteristics of HAT hydrogenations has remained elusive. Herein, we report a protocol for the photocatalytic DAT deuteration of electron-deficient alkenes. In contrast to the previous DAT deuteration, this method tolerates a variety of synthetically useful functional groups including haloarenes. The late-stage deuteration also allows access to deuterated amino acids as well as donepezil-d2 . Thus, this work demonstrates the potential of DAT chemistry to become the alternative method of choice for preparing deuterium-containing molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiko Suzuki
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan
| | - Yuji Kamei
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan
| | - Masaaki Yamashita
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan
| | - Yusuke Seino
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan
| | - Yuto Yamaguchi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiko Yoshino
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan.,Global Station for Biosurfaces and Drug Discovery, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kojima
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan
| | - Shigeki Matsunaga
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan.,Global Station for Biosurfaces and Drug Discovery, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan
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15
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Ramanathan D, Shi Q, Xu M, Chang R, Peñín B, Funes-Ardoiz I, Ye J. Catalytic asymmetric deuterosilylation of exocyclic olefins with mannose-derived thiols and deuterium oxide. Org Chem Front 2023. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo01979e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Metal-free, photoinduced asymmetric deuterosilylation of exocyclic olefins has been achieved using a mannose-derived thiol catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devenderan Ramanathan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Qinglong Shi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Meichen Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Rui Chang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Beatriz Peñín
- Department of Chemistry, Centro de Investigación en Síntesis Química (CISQ), Universidad de La Rioja, Madre de Dios 53, 26006 Logroño, Spain
| | - Ignacio Funes-Ardoiz
- Department of Chemistry, Centro de Investigación en Síntesis Química (CISQ), Universidad de La Rioja, Madre de Dios 53, 26006 Logroño, Spain
| | - Juntao Ye
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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16
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Guo X, Xia A, Zhang W, Huang Y, Zhu X, Zhu X, Liao Q. Photoenzymatic decarboxylation: A promising way to produce sustainable aviation fuels and fine chemicals. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 367:128232. [PMID: 36332862 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.128232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
As one of the fastest-growing carbon emission sources, the aviation sector is severely restricted by carbon emission reduction targets. Sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) has emerged as the most potential alternative to traditional aviation fuel, but harsh production technologies limit its commercialization. Fatty acids photodecarboxylase from Chlorella variabilis NC64A (CvFAP), the latest discovered photoenzyme, provides promising approaches to produce various carbon-neutral biofuels and fine chemicals. This review highlights the state-of-the-art strategies to enhance the application of CvFAP in carbon-neutral biofuel and fine chemicals production, including supplementing alkane as decoy molecular, screening efficient CvFAP variants with directed evolution, constructing genetic strains, employing biphasic catalytic system, and immobilizing CvFAP in an efficient photobioreactor. Furthermore, future opportunities are suggested to enhance photoenzymatic decarboxylation and explore the catalytic mechanism of CvFAP. This review provides a broad context to improve CvFAP catalysis and advance its potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Guo
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, Chongqing University, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400044, PR China; Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, College of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China
| | - Ao Xia
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, Chongqing University, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400044, PR China; Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, College of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China.
| | - Wuyuan Zhang
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, PR China; National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin 300308, PR China
| | - Yun Huang
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, Chongqing University, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400044, PR China; Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, College of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China
| | - Xianqing Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, Chongqing University, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400044, PR China; Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, College of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China
| | - Xun Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, Chongqing University, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400044, PR China; Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, College of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China
| | - Qiang Liao
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, Chongqing University, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400044, PR China; Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, College of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China
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17
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Wu R, Yang C, Wang L, Zhong D. Ultrafast Dynamics of Fatty Acid Photodecarboxylase in Anionic Semiquinone State. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:11023-11028. [PMID: 36413431 PMCID: PMC9747331 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c02183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Fatty acid photodecarboxylase is a newly identified blue-light driven photoenzyme that catalyzes decarboxylation of fatty acids. The catalytic reaction involves a transient anionic semiquinone of flavin cofactor (FAD•-) as an intermediate, but photochemical properties of this anionic radical are largely unknown. Here, we have anaerobically produced the wild-type FAP in the FAD•- state and conducted femtosecond-resolved fluorescence and absorption measurements. We have observed the multiphasic deactivation dynamics of excited states on multiple time scales from a few picoseconds even to a few nanoseconds through conical intersections between various electronic states. Interestingly, the nanosecond components can only be observed from higher electronic excited states. Our results show the complexity of the energy landscapes of various excited states and rule out the occurrence of electron or proton transfer with nearby residue(s) in the active site.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Dongping Zhong
- Corresponding Author : Dongping Zhong − Department of Physics, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and Programs of Biophysics, Chemical Physics, and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus Ohio, 43210, USA;
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18
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Collaborative catalysis for solar biosynthesis. TRENDS IN CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trechm.2022.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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19
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Simić S, Jakštaitė M, Huck WTS, Winkler CK, Kroutil W. Strategies for Transferring Photobiocatalysis to Continuous Flow Exemplified by Photodecarboxylation of Fatty Acids. ACS Catal 2022; 12:14040-14049. [PMID: 36439034 PMCID: PMC9680640 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c04444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The challenges of light-dependent biocatalytic transformations of lipophilic substrates in aqueous media are manifold. For instance, photolability of the catalyst as well as insufficient light penetration into the reaction vessel may be further exacerbated by a heterogeneously dispersed substrate. Light penetration may be addressed by performing the reaction in continuous flow, which allows two modes of applying the catalyst: (i) heterogeneously, immobilized on a carrier, which requires light-permeable supports, or (ii) homogeneously, dissolved in the reaction mixture. Taking the light-dependent photodecarboxylation of palmitic acid catalyzed by fatty-acid photodecarboxylase from Chlorella variabilis (CvFAP) as a showcase, strategies for the transfer of a photoenzyme-catalyzed reaction into continuous flow were identified. A range of different supports were evaluated for the immobilization of CvFAP, whereby Eupergit C250 L was the carrier of choice. As the photostability of the catalyst was a limiting factor, a homogeneous system was preferred instead of employing the heterogenized enzyme. This implied that photolabile enzymes may preferably be applied in solution if repair mechanisms cannot be provided. Furthermore, when comparing different wavelengths and light intensities, extinction coefficients may be considered to ensure comparable absorption at each wavelength. Employing homogeneous conditions in the CvFAP-catalyzed photodecarboxylation of palmitic acid afforded a space-time yield unsurpassed by any reported batch process (5.7 g·L-1·h-1, 26.9 mmol·L-1·h-1) for this reaction, demonstrating the advantage of continuous flow in attaining higher productivity of photobiocatalytic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Simić
- Institute
of Chemistry, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, Heinrichstraße 28, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Miglė Jakštaitė
- Institute
for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Wilhelm T. S. Huck
- Institute
for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Christoph K. Winkler
- Institute
of Chemistry, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, Heinrichstraße 28, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Kroutil
- Institute
of Chemistry, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, Heinrichstraße 28, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Field
of Excellence BioHealth—University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed
Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
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20
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Zou ZR, Zhang K, Han TY, Zhou Q, Lin S, Hou XF, Tang GL. Two-enzyme cascade catalyzed trideuteromethylative modification of natural products. Tetrahedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2022.133137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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21
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Zeng Y, Yin X, Liu L, Zhang W, Chen B. Comparative characterization and physiological function of putative fatty acid photodecarboxylases. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2022.112717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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22
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Ge R, Zhang P, Dong X, Li Y, Sun Z, Zeng Y, Chen B, Zhang W. Photobiocatalytic Decarboxylation for the Synthesis of Fatty Epoxides from Renewable Fatty Acids. CHEMSUSCHEM 2022; 15:e202201275. [PMID: 36036214 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202201275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Fatty epoxides are unique building blocks in organic transformations and materials production; however, their synthetic methodologies are currently not accessible from renewable fatty acids. Herein, a photoenzymatic decarboxylation of epoxy fatty acids into fatty epoxides was demonstrated using fatty acid photodecarboxylase (FAP) from Chlorella variabilis NC64A (CvFAP). Various fatty epoxides were synthesized in excellent selectivity by wild-type CvFAP. The decarboxylation reaction was also achieved with four new FAP homologues, potentially suggesting a broad availability of the biocatalysts for this challenging decarboxylation reaction. By combining CvFAP with lipase and peroxygenase, a multienzymatic cascade to transform oleic acid and its triglyceride into the corresponding fatty epoxides was established. The obtained fatty epoxides were further converted into rather unusual fatty compounds including diol, alcohol, ether, and chain-shortened carboxylic acids. The present photobiocatalytic synthesis of fatty epoxides from natural starting materials excels by its intrinsic selectivity, mild conditions, and independence of nicotinamide cofactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Ge
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 West 7th Avenue, Tianjin, 300308, P. R. China
| | - Pengpeng Zhang
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 West 7th Avenue, Tianjin, 300308, P. R. China
| | - Xuetian Dong
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 West 7th Avenue, Tianjin, 300308, P. R. China
| | - Yuanying Li
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 West 7th Avenue, Tianjin, 300308, P. R. China
| | - Zhoutong Sun
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 West 7th Avenue, Tianjin, 300308, P. R. China
| | - Yongyi Zeng
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, 519080, P. R. China
| | - Bishuang Chen
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, 519080, P. R. China
| | - Wuyuan Zhang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 West 7th Avenue, Tianjin, 300308, P. R. China
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23
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Mayer TS, Taeufer T, Brandt S, Rabeah J, Pospech J. Photomediated Hydro- and Deuterodecarboxylation of Pharmaceutically Relevant and Natural Aliphatic Carboxylic Acids. J Org Chem 2022; 88:6347-6353. [PMID: 36126247 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report a photomediated hydro- and deuterodecarboxylation of different primary, secondary, and tertiary carboxylic acids catalyzed by an organic pyrimidopteridine photoredox catalyst. The reaction was optimized by a statistical design of experiment (DoE). Under optimized reaction conditions, the conversion of commercially available nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in tablet form and on gram scale was realized. The scope of the application comprises primary, secondary, and tertiary aliphatic biologically active carboxylic acids. A deuterium incorporation of up to 95% by using D2O as inexpensive deuterium source was achieved. A sensitivity assessment as well as experiments aiding the elucidation of the reaction mechanism are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thea S Mayer
- Leibniz Institute for Catalysis, Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Tobias Taeufer
- Leibniz Institute for Catalysis, Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Sina Brandt
- Leibniz Institute for Catalysis, Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Jabor Rabeah
- Leibniz Institute for Catalysis, Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Jola Pospech
- Leibniz Institute for Catalysis, Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
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24
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Abstract
Deuterated chemicals are becoming irreplaceable in pharmaceutical engineering, material science and synthetic chemistry. Many excellent reviews have discussed acid/base-dependent or metal-catalyzed deuteration reactions, but radical deuterations have been discussed less. With the development of radical chemistry, there has been a rapid growth in radical deuterium-labelling technology. Diverse mild, cheap and efficient strategies for deuterium atom installation have been reported, and this review summarizes the recent achievements of radical deuteration classified by the reaction types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Yantao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Xiaopeng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Chengjian Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China. .,Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Jin Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon Based Energy Resources, College of Chemistry, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, China
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25
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Reetz M. Witnessing the Birth of Directed Evolution of Stereoselective Enzymes as Catalysts in Organic Chemistry. Adv Synth Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202200466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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26
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Zhou X, Yu T, Dong G. Site-Specific and Degree-Controlled Alkyl Deuteration via Cu-Catalyzed Redox-Neutral Deacylation. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:9570-9575. [PMID: 35613457 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c04382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Deuterated organic compounds have become increasingly important in many areas; however, it remains challenging to install deuterium site-selectively to unactivated aliphatic positions with control of the degree of deuteration. Here, we report a Cu-catalyzed degree-controlled deacylative deuteration of diverse alkyl groups with the methylketone (acetyl) moiety as a traceless activating group. The use of N-methylpicolino-hydrazonamide (MPHA) promotes efficient aromatization-driven C-C cleavage. Mono-, di-, and trideuteration at specific sites can be selectively achieved. The reaction is redox-neutral with broad functional group tolerance. The utility of this method has been demonstrated in forming a complete set of deuterated ethyl groups, merging with the Diels-Alder reaction, a net devinylative deuteration, and the synthesis of the d2-analogue of Austedo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xukai Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Tingting Yu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Guangbin Dong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
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27
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Sun Y, Tan F, Hu R, Hu C, Li Y. Visible‐Light Photoredox‐Catalyzed
Hydrodecarboxylation and Deuterodecarboxylation of Fatty Acids. CHINESE J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202200143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan‐Li Sun
- Center for Organic Chemistry Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi 710054 P. R. China
| | - Fang‐Fang Tan
- Center for Organic Chemistry Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi 710054 P. R. China
| | - Rong‐Gui Hu
- Center for Organic Chemistry Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi 710054 P. R. China
| | - Chun‐Hong Hu
- Center for Organic Chemistry Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi 710054 P. R. China
| | - Yang Li
- Center for Organic Chemistry Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi 710054 P. R. China
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28
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Wohlgemuth R. Selective Biocatalytic Defunctionalization of Raw Materials. CHEMSUSCHEM 2022; 15:e202200402. [PMID: 35388636 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202200402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Biobased raw materials, such as carbohydrates, amino acids, nucleotides, or lipids contain valuable functional groups with oxygen and nitrogen atoms. An abundance of many functional groups of the same type, such as primary or secondary hydroxy groups in carbohydrates, however, limits the synthetic usefulness if similar reactivities cannot be differentiated. Therefore, selective defunctionalization of highly functionalized biobased starting materials to differentially functionalized compounds can provide a sustainable access to chiral synthons, even in case of products with fewer functional groups. Selective defunctionalization reactions, without affecting other functional groups of the same type, are of fundamental interest for biocatalytic reactions. Controlled biocatalytic defunctionalizations of biobased raw materials are attractive for obtaining valuable platform chemicals and building blocks. The biocatalytic removal of functional groups, an important feature of natural metabolic pathways, can also be utilized in a systemic strategy for sustainable metabolite synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Wohlgemuth
- Institute of Molecular and Industrial Biotechnology, Lodz University of Technology Łódź, 90-537, Lodz, Poland
- Swiss Coordination Committee Biotechnology (SKB), 8002, Zurich, Switzerland
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Xu W, Chen Y, Li D, Wang Z, Xu J, Wu Q. Rational design of fatty acid photodecarboxylase enables the efficient decarboxylation of medium- and short-chain fatty acids for the production of gasoline bio-alkanes. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2022.112261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Abstract
Harnessing biocatalysts for novel abiological transformations is a longstanding goal of synthetic chemistry. Combining the merits of biocatalysis and photocatalysis allows for selective transformations fueled by visible light and offers many advantages including new reactivity, high enantioselectivity, greener syntheses, and high yields. Photoinduced electron or energy transfer enables synthetic methodologies that complement conventional two electron processes or offer orthogonal pathways for developing new reactions. Enzymes are well suited and can be tuned by directed evolution to exert control over open-shell intermediates, thereby suppressing undesirable reactions and delivering high chemo- and stereoselectivities. Within the past decade, the combination of biocatalysis and photocatalysis was mainly focused on exploiting light-regenerated cofactors to function native enzymatic activity. However, recent developments have demonstrated that the combination can unlock new-to-nature chemistry. Particularly, the discovery and application of new strategies are well poised to expand the applications of photobiocatalysis.In the past five years, our lab has been studying the combinations of photocatalysis and biocatalysis that can be applied to create new synthetic methodologies and solve challenges in synthetic organic chemistry. Our efforts have expanded the strategies for combining external photocatalysts with enzymes through the construction of a synergistic cooperative stereoconvergent reduction system consisting of photosensitized energy transfer and ene-reductase-catalyzed alkene reduction. Additionally, our efforts have also extended the capability of cofactor-dependent photoenzymatic systems to include enantioselective bimolecular radical hydroalkylations of alkenes by irradiating electron donor-acceptor complexes comprised of enzymatic redox active cofactors and unnatural substrates.In this Account, we highlight strategies developed by our group and others for combining biocatalysis and photocatalysis with the aim of introducing non-natural reactivity to enzymes. Presently, strategies applied to achieve this goal include the repurposing of natural photoenzymes, the elucidation of new photoreactivity within cofactor-dependent enzymes, the combination of external photocatalysts with enzymes, and the construction of artificial photoenzymes. By demonstrating the successful applications of these strategies for achieving selective new-to-nature transformations, we hope to spur interest in expanding the scope of photobiocatalytic systems through the use and extension of these strategies and creation of new strategies. Additionally, we hope to elucidate the intuition in synergizing the unique capabilities of biocatalysis and photocatalysis so that photobiocatalysis can be recognized as a potential solution to difficult challenges in synthetic organic chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wesley Harrison
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, 600 S. Matthews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- DOE Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, 1206 W. Gregory Drive, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Xiaoqiang Huang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, 600 S. Matthews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- DOE Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, 1206 W. Gregory Drive, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Huimin Zhao
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, 600 S. Matthews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- DOE Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, 1206 W. Gregory Drive, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, 1206 W. Gregory Drive, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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Reetz MT. Making Enzymes Suitable for Organic Chemistry by Rational Protein Design. Chembiochem 2022; 23:e202200049. [PMID: 35389556 PMCID: PMC9401064 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202200049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This review outlines recent developments in protein engineering of stereo‐ and regioselective enzymes, which are of prime interest in organic and pharmaceutical chemistry as well as biotechnology. The widespread application of enzymes was hampered for decades due to limited enantio‐, diastereo‐ and regioselectivity, which was the reason why most organic chemists were not interested in biocatalysis. This attitude began to change with the advent of semi‐rational directed evolution methods based on focused saturation mutagenesis at sites lining the binding pocket. Screening constitutes the labor‐intensive step (bottleneck), which is the reason why various research groups are continuing to develop techniques for the generation of small and smart mutant libraries. Rational enzyme design, traditionally an alternative to directed evolution, provides small collections of mutants which require minimal screening. This approach first focused on thermostabilization, and did not enter the field of stereoselectivity until later. Computational guides such as the Rosetta algorithms, HotSpot Wizard metric, and machine learning (ML) contribute significantly to decision making. The newest advancements show that semi‐rational directed evolution such as CAST/ISM and rational enzyme design no longer develop on separate tracks, instead, they have started to merge. Indeed, researchers utilizing the two approaches have learned from each other. Today, the toolbox of organic chemists includes enzymes, primarily because the possibility of controlling stereoselectivity by protein engineering has ensured reliability when facing synthetic challenges. This review was also written with the hope that undergraduate and graduate education will include enzymes more so than in the past.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manfred T Reetz
- Max-Planck-Institut fur Kohlenforschung, Biocatalysis, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470, Muelheim an der Ruhr, GERMANY
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Wang L, Lou Y, Xu W, Chen Z, Xu J, Wu Q. Biocatalytic Site-Selective Hydrogen Isotope Exchange of Unsaturated Fragments with D2O. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c05067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lanlan Wang
- Center of Chemistry for Frontier Technologies, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yujiao Lou
- Center of Chemistry for Frontier Technologies, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weihua Xu
- Center of Chemistry for Frontier Technologies, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhichun Chen
- Center of Chemistry for Frontier Technologies, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian Xu
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qi Wu
- Center of Chemistry for Frontier Technologies, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People’s Republic of China
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Liu W, Watson EE, Winssinger N. Photocatalysis in Chemical Biology: Extending the Scope of Optochemical Control and Towards New Frontiers in Semisynthetic Bioconjugates and Biocatalysis. Helv Chim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.202100179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Weilong Liu
- Department of Organic Chemistry NCCR Chemical Biology Faculty of Science University of Geneva 30 quai Ernest Ansermet CH-1211 Geneva Switzerland
| | - Emma E. Watson
- Department of Organic Chemistry NCCR Chemical Biology Faculty of Science University of Geneva 30 quai Ernest Ansermet CH-1211 Geneva Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Winssinger
- Department of Organic Chemistry NCCR Chemical Biology Faculty of Science University of Geneva 30 quai Ernest Ansermet CH-1211 Geneva Switzerland
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Zhang S, Liu S, Sun Y, Li S, Shi J, Jiang Z. Enzyme-photo-coupled catalytic systems. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:13449-13466. [PMID: 34734949 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00392e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Efficient chemical transformation in a green, low-carbon way is crucial for the sustainable development of modern society. Enzyme-photo-coupled catalytic systems (EPCS) that integrate the exceptional selectivity of enzyme catalysis and the unique reactivity of photocatalysis hold great promise in solar-driven 'molecular editing'. However, the involvement of multiple components and catalytic processes challenged the design of efficient and stable EPCS. To show a clear picture of the complex catalytic system, in this review, we analyze EPCS from the perspective of system engineering. First, we disintegrate the complex system into four elementary components, and reorganize these components into biocatalytic and photocatalytic ensembles (BE and PE). By resolving current accessible systems, we identify that connectivity and compatibility between BE and PE are two crucial factors that govern the performance of EPCS. Then, we discuss the origin of undesirable connectivity and low compatibility, and deduce the possible solutions. Based on these understandings, we propose the designing principles of EPCS. Lastly, we provide a future perspective of EPCS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaohua Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China. .,Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Shusong Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Yiying Sun
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Shihao Li
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Jiafu Shi
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China. .,Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou, 350207, China.,State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 10090, China
| | - Zhongyi Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China. .,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China.,Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou, 350207, China
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