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Wei H, Feng C, Li F. Modeling biological memory network by an autonomous and adaptive multi-agent system. Brain Inform 2024; 11:23. [PMID: 39277566 PMCID: PMC11401808 DOI: 10.1186/s40708-024-00237-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 09/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/17/2024] Open
Abstract
At the intersection of computation and cognitive science, graph theory is utilized as a formalized description of complex relationships description of complex relationships and structures, but traditional graph models are static, lack the dynamic and autonomous behaviors of biological neural networks, rely on algorithms with a global view. This study introduces a multi-agent system (MAS) model based on the graph theory, each agent equipped with adaptive learning and decision-making capabilities, thereby facilitating decentralized dynamic information memory, modeling and simulation of the brain's memory process. This decentralized approach transforms memory storage into the management of MAS paths, with each agent utilizing localized information for the dynamic formation and modification of these paths, different path refers to different memory instance. The model's unique memory algorithm avoids a global view, instead relying on neighborhood-based interactions to enhance resource utilization. Emulating neuron electrophysiology, each agent's adaptive learning behavior is represented through a microcircuit centered around a variable resistor. Using principles of Ohm's and Kirchhoff's laws, we validated the model's efficacy in memorizing and retrieving data through computer simulations. This approach offers a plausible neurobiological explanation for memory realization and validates the memory trace theory at a system level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wei
- Laboratory of Algorithms for Cognitive Models, School of Computer Science, Fudan University, No. 2005 Songhu Rd, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200438, China.
| | - Chenyue Feng
- Laboratory of Algorithms for Cognitive Models, School of Computer Science, Fudan University, No. 2005 Songhu Rd, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Fushun Li
- Laboratory of Algorithms for Cognitive Models, School of Computer Science, Fudan University, No. 2005 Songhu Rd, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200438, China
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Kong CH, Min HS, Jeon M, Kang WC, Park K, Kim MS, Jung SY, Bae HJ, Park SJ, Shin HK, Seo CS, Ryu JH. Cheonwangbosimdan mitigates post-traumatic stress disorder-like behaviors through GluN2B-containing NMDA receptor antagonism in mice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 330:118270. [PMID: 38685368 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Cheonwangbosimdan (CWBSD), a herbal medicine traditionally used for anxiety, insomnia, depression, and heart palpitations, has been reported to have anti-anxiety, antidepressant, cognitive improvement, and neuroprotective effects. AIM OF THE STUDY The purpose of this study was to determine if CWBSD could affect post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)-like behaviors because it has prioritized clinical use over mechanism study. MATERIALS AND METHODS A single prolonged stress (SPS) mouse model, a well-established animal model of PTSD, was used to investigate whether standardized CWBSD could mitigate PTSD-like behaviors through robust behavioral tests, including the elevated plus-maze test and marble burying test for measuring anxiety-like behaviors, the splash test, forced swimming test, and tail suspension test for evaluating depression-like behaviors, and the Y-maze test and novel object recognition test for assessing cognitive function. Additionally, a fear extinction test was employed to determine whether CWBSD might reverse fear memory extinction deficits. Amygdala tissue was isolated from SPS-treated mouse brain and subjected to Western blotting or quantitative PCR to explore mechanisms by which CWBSD could mitigate PTSD-like behaviors. RESULTS CWBSD ameliorated emotional impairments and cognitive dysfunction in an SPS-induced PTSD-like mouse model. It also mitigated deficits in abnormal fear memory extinction. Protein expression levels of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor subunit 2B (GluN2B) and phosphorylation levels of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II in the amygdala were increased in SPS model mice and normalized by CWBSD. Additionally, co-administration of CWBSD and GluN2B-containing NMDA receptor antagonist, ifenprodil, at each sub-effective dose promoted fear memory extinction. CONCLUSIONS CWBSD can alleviate SPS-induced PTSD-like behaviors by normalizing GluN2B-containing NMDA receptor activity in the amygdala. Therefore, CWBSD could be a promising candidate for PTSD treatment with fewer adverse effects and better efficacy than existing therapies.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/metabolism
- Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/antagonists & inhibitors
- Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/drug therapy
- Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/psychology
- Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/metabolism
- Male
- Mice
- Behavior, Animal/drug effects
- Disease Models, Animal
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Fear/drug effects
- Amygdala/drug effects
- Amygdala/metabolism
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use
- Anxiety/drug therapy
- Anxiety/psychology
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Hyeon Kong
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoo Sik Min
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Mijin Jeon
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Chang Kang
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Keontae Park
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Seo Kim
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo Yun Jung
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Jung Bae
- Agriculture and Life Science Research Institute, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Jin Park
- School of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon-Kyoo Shin
- KM Science Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, 305-811, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Seob Seo
- KM Science Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, 305-811, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jong Hoon Ryu
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea; Department of Oriental Pharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea.
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Tian L, Zhang Y, Chen J, Liu X, Nie H, Li K, Liu H, Lai W, Shi Y, Xi Z, Lin B. Effects of nanoplastic exposure during pregnancy and lactation on neurodevelopment of rat offspring. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 474:134800. [PMID: 38850955 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
Microplastics have emerged as a prominent global environmental contaminant, and they have been found in both human placenta and breast milk. However, the potential effects and mechanisms of maternal exposure to microplastics at various gestational stages on offspring neurodevelopment remain poorly understood. This investigation delves into the potential neurodevelopmental ramifications of maternal exposure to polystyrene nanoplastics (PS-NPs) during distinct phases of pregnancy and lactation. Targeted metabolomics shows that co-exposure during both pregnancy and lactation primarily engendered alterations in monoamine neurotransmitters within the cortex and amino acid neurotransmitters within the hippocampus. After prenatal exposure to PS-NPs, fetal rats showed appreciably diminished cortical thickness and heightened cortical cell proliferation. However, this exposure did not affect the neurodifferentiation of radial glial cells and intermediate progenitor cells. In addition, offspring are accompanied by disordered neocortical migration, typified by escalated superficial layer neurons proliferation and reduced deep layer neurons populations. Moreover, the hippocampal synapses showed significantly widened synaptic clefts and diminished postsynaptic density. Consequently, PS-NPs culminated in deficits in anxiolytic-like behaviors and spatial memory in adolescent offspring, aligning with concurrent neurotransmitter and synaptic alterations. In conclusion, this study elucidates the sensitive windows of early-life nanoplastic exposure and the consequential impact on offspring neurodevelopment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Tian
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Yaping Zhang
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China; School of Public Health and Management, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Jiang Chen
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China; School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063200, China
| | - Xuan Liu
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Huipeng Nie
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Kang Li
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Huanliang Liu
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Wenqing Lai
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Yue Shi
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Zhuge Xi
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China.
| | - Bencheng Lin
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China.
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Faress I, Khalil V, Hou WH, Moreno A, Andersen N, Fonseca R, Piriz J, Capogna M, Nabavi S. Non-Hebbian plasticity transforms transient experiences into lasting memories. eLife 2024; 12:RP91421. [PMID: 39023519 PMCID: PMC11257676 DOI: 10.7554/elife.91421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The dominant models of learning and memory, such as Hebbian plasticity, propose that experiences are transformed into memories through input-specific synaptic plasticity at the time of learning. However, synaptic plasticity is neither strictly input-specific nor restricted to the time of its induction. The impact of such forms of non-Hebbian plasticity on memory has been difficult to test, and hence poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that synaptic manipulations can deviate from the Hebbian model of learning, yet produce a lasting memory. First, we established a weak associative conditioning protocol in mice, where optogenetic stimulation of sensory thalamic input to the amygdala was paired with a footshock, but no detectable memory was formed. However, when the same input was potentiated minutes before or after, or even 24 hr later, the associative experience was converted into a lasting memory. Importantly, potentiating an independent input to the amygdala minutes but not 24 hr after the pairing produced a lasting memory. Thus, our findings suggest that the process of transformation of a transient experience into a memory is neither restricted to the time of the experience nor to the synapses triggered by it; instead, it can be influenced by past and future events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Islam Faress
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus UniversityAahrusDenmark
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark
- DANDRITE, The Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience, Aarhus UniversityAahrusDenmark
- Center for Proteins in Memory – PROMEMO, Danish National Research Foundation, Aarhus UniversityAahrusDenmark
| | - Valentina Khalil
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus UniversityAahrusDenmark
- DANDRITE, The Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience, Aarhus UniversityAahrusDenmark
- Center for Proteins in Memory – PROMEMO, Danish National Research Foundation, Aarhus UniversityAahrusDenmark
| | - Wen-Hsien Hou
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark
| | - Andrea Moreno
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus UniversityAahrusDenmark
- DANDRITE, The Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience, Aarhus UniversityAahrusDenmark
- Center for Proteins in Memory – PROMEMO, Danish National Research Foundation, Aarhus UniversityAahrusDenmark
| | - Niels Andersen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus UniversityAahrusDenmark
- DANDRITE, The Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience, Aarhus UniversityAahrusDenmark
- Center for Proteins in Memory – PROMEMO, Danish National Research Foundation, Aarhus UniversityAahrusDenmark
| | - Rosalina Fonseca
- Cellular and Systems Neurobiology, Universidade Nova de LisboaLisbonPortugal
| | - Joaquin Piriz
- Instituto de Fisiología Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE), Universidad de Buenos AiresBuenos AiresArgentina
| | - Marco Capogna
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark
- Center for Proteins in Memory – PROMEMO, Danish National Research Foundation, Aarhus UniversityAahrusDenmark
| | - Sadegh Nabavi
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus UniversityAahrusDenmark
- DANDRITE, The Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience, Aarhus UniversityAahrusDenmark
- Center for Proteins in Memory – PROMEMO, Danish National Research Foundation, Aarhus UniversityAahrusDenmark
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Gong L, Wang M, Ye C, Liu Q. The impact of sleep quality on visual working memory varied with the duration of maintenance. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1404989. [PMID: 38979074 PMCID: PMC11229051 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1404989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Sleep quality can affect the performance of visual working memory. However, the effect of sleep quality on the maintenance stage, which is the key to maintain the quality and efficiency of visual working memory representation, remains unclear. This study is the first to explore the effect of sleep quality on the maintenance of visual working memory information. Method 60 healthy college students completed the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and color recall task of visual working memory. A mixed experimental design of sleep quality (high or low) and delay duration (1, 4, or 6 s) was used to assess the effect of sleep quality on the maintenance phase of visual working memory. Results The main effects of sleep quality were significant on visual working memory quantity, precision and offset indexes. Among the quantity index, the interaction between sleep quality and delay duration was also significant. This suggests that prolonging the delay time in the maintenance phase leads to difficulty in maintaining attention to the task for those with lower sleep quality, which results in poorer working memory quantitative representations. Conclusion Increases in the delay duration of the maintenance phase in visual working memory intensify the impact of sleep quality on task performance. Our study provides evidence to reveal the relationship between sleep quality and visual working memory and offers recommendations for improving sleep quality and cognitive functioning in individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Gong
- Institute of Brain and Psychological Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China
- School of Education, Anyang Normal University, Anyang, China
| | - Mengwei Wang
- Institute of Brain and Psychological Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chaoxiong Ye
- Institute of Brain and Psychological Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Jyvaskyla, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Qiang Liu
- Institute of Brain and Psychological Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Jyvaskyla, Jyväskylä, Finland
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6
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Zhou Y, Wang JL, Qiu L, Torpey J, Wixson JG, Lyon M, Chen X. NMDA Receptors Control Activity Hierarchy in Neural Network: Loss of Control in Hierarchy Leads to Learning Impairments, Dissociation, and Psychosis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.01.06.523038. [PMID: 36712055 PMCID: PMC9881912 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.06.523038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
While it is known that associative memory is preferentially encoded by memory-eligible "primed" neurons, in vivo neural activity hierarchy has not been quantified and little is known about how such a hierarchy is established. Leveraging in vivo calcium imaging of hippocampal neurons on freely behaving mice, we developed the first method to quantify real-time neural activity hierarchy in the CA1 region. Neurons on the top of activity hierarchy are identified as primed neurons. In cilia knockout mice that exhibit severe learning deficits, the percentage of primed neurons is drastically reduced. We developed a simplified neural network model that incorporates simulations of linear and non-linear weighted components, modeling the synaptic ionic conductance of AMPA and NMDA receptors, respectively. We found that moderate non-linear to linear conductance ratios naturally leads a small fraction of neurons to be primed in the simulated neural network. Removal of the non-linear component eliminates the existing activity hierarchy and reinstate it to the network stochastically primes a new pool of neurons. Blockade of NMDA receptors by ketamine not only decreases general neuronal activity causing learning impairments, but also disrupts neural activity hierarchy. Additionally, ketamine-induced super-synchronized slow oscillation during anesthesia can be simulated if the non-linear NMDAR component is removed to flatten activity hierarchy. Together, this study develops a unique method to measure neural activity hierarchy and identifies NMDA receptors as a key factor that controls the hierarchy. It presents the first evidence suggesting that hierarchy disruption by NMDAR blockade causes dissociation and psychosis.
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Smirnov IV, Osipova AA, Smirnova MP, Borodinova AA, Volgushev MA, Malyshev AY. Plasticity of Response Properties of Mouse Visual Cortex Neurons Induced by Optogenetic Tetanization In Vivo. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:3294-3312. [PMID: 38666936 PMCID: PMC11049003 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46040206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Heterosynaptic plasticity, along with Hebbian homosynaptic plasticity, is an important mechanism ensuring the stable operation of learning neuronal networks. However, whether heterosynaptic plasticity occurs in the whole brain in vivo, and what role(s) in brain function in vivo it could play, remains unclear. Here, we used an optogenetics approach to apply a model of intracellular tetanization, which was established and employed to study heterosynaptic plasticity in brain slices, to study the plasticity of response properties of neurons in the mouse visual cortex in vivo. We show that optogenetically evoked high-frequency bursts of action potentials (optogenetic tetanization) in the principal neurons of the visual cortex induce long-term changes in the responses to visual stimuli. Optogenetic tetanization had distinct effects on responses to different stimuli, as follows: responses to optimal and orthogonal orientations decreased, responses to null direction did not change, and responses to oblique orientations increased. As a result, direction selectivity of the neurons decreased and orientation tuning became broader. Since optogenetic tetanization was a postsynaptic protocol, applied in the absence of sensory stimulation, and, thus, without association of presynaptic activity with bursts of action potentials, the observed changes were mediated by mechanisms of heterosynaptic plasticity. We conclude that heterosynaptic plasticity can be induced in vivo and propose that it may play important homeostatic roles in operation of neural networks by helping to prevent runaway dynamics of responses to visual stimuli and to keep the tuning of neuronal responses within the range optimized for the encoding of multiple features in population activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan V. Smirnov
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology of RAS, Moscow 117485, Russia; (I.V.S.); (A.A.O.); (M.P.S.); (A.A.B.)
| | - Aksiniya A. Osipova
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology of RAS, Moscow 117485, Russia; (I.V.S.); (A.A.O.); (M.P.S.); (A.A.B.)
| | - Maria P. Smirnova
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology of RAS, Moscow 117485, Russia; (I.V.S.); (A.A.O.); (M.P.S.); (A.A.B.)
| | - Anastasia A. Borodinova
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology of RAS, Moscow 117485, Russia; (I.V.S.); (A.A.O.); (M.P.S.); (A.A.B.)
| | - Maxim A. Volgushev
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA;
| | - Alexey Y. Malyshev
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology of RAS, Moscow 117485, Russia; (I.V.S.); (A.A.O.); (M.P.S.); (A.A.B.)
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Vingan I, Phatarpekar S, Tung VSK, Hernández AI, Evgrafov OV, Alarcon JM. Spatially Resolved Transcriptomic Signatures of Hippocampal Subregions and Arc-Expressing Ensembles in Active Place Avoidance Memory. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.12.30.573225. [PMID: 38260257 PMCID: PMC10802250 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.30.573225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
The rodent hippocampus is a spatially organized neuronal network that supports the formation of spatial and episodic memories. We conducted bulk RNA sequencing and spatial transcriptomics experiments to measure gene expression changes in the dorsal hippocampus following the recall of active place avoidance (APA) memory. Through bulk RNA sequencing, we examined the gene expression changes following memory recall across the functionally distinct subregions of the dorsal hippocampus. We found that recall induced differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the CA1 and CA3 hippocampal subregions were enriched with genes involved in synaptic transmission and synaptic plasticity, while DEGs in the dentate gyrus (DG) were enriched with genes involved in energy balance and ribosomal function. Through spatial transcriptomics, we examined gene expression changes following memory recall across an array of spots encompassing putative memory-associated neuronal ensembles marked by the expression of the IEGs Arc, Egr1, and c-Jun. Within samples from both trained and untrained mice, the subpopulations of spatial transcriptomic spots marked by these IEGs were transcriptomically and spatially distinct from one another. DEGs detected between Arc+ and Arc- spots exclusively in the trained mouse were enriched in several memory-related gene ontology terms, including "regulation of synaptic plasticity" and "memory." Our results suggest that APA memory recall is supported by regionalized transcriptomic profiles separating the CA1 and CA3 from the DG, transcriptionally and spatially distinct IEG expressing spatial transcriptomic spots, and biological processes related to synaptic plasticity as a defining the difference between Arc+ and Arc- spatial transcriptomic spots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Vingan
- School of Graduates Studies, Program in Neural and Behavioral Sciences, State University of New York, Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Shwetha Phatarpekar
- Institute of Genomics in Health, State University of New York, Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Victoria Sook Keng Tung
- School of Graduates Studies, Program in Molecular and Cell Biology, State University of New York, Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - A Iván Hernández
- School of Graduates Studies, Program in Neural and Behavioral Sciences, State University of New York, Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology, State University of New York, Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
- The Robert F. Furchgott Center for Neural & Behavioral Science, State University of New York, Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Oleg V Evgrafov
- Institute of Genomics in Health, State University of New York, Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
- School of Graduates Studies, Program in Molecular and Cell Biology, State University of New York, Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, State University of New York, Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
- Department of Genetics, Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Juan Marcos Alarcon
- School of Graduates Studies, Program in Neural and Behavioral Sciences, State University of New York, Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology, State University of New York, Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
- The Robert F. Furchgott Center for Neural & Behavioral Science, State University of New York, Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
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9
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Kang SJ, Kim JH, Kim DI, Roberts BZ, Han S. A pontomesencephalic PACAPergic pathway underlying panic-like behavioral and somatic symptoms in mice. Nat Neurosci 2024; 27:90-101. [PMID: 38177337 PMCID: PMC11195305 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-023-01504-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Panic disorder is characterized by uncontrollable fear accompanied by somatic symptoms that distinguish it from other anxiety disorders. Neural mechanisms underlying these unique symptoms are not completely understood. Here, we report that the pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP)-expressing neurons in the lateral parabrachial nucleus projecting to the dorsal raphe are crucial for panic-like behavioral and physiological alterations. These neurons are activated by panicogenic stimuli but inhibited in conditioned fear and anxiogenic conditions. Activating these neurons elicits strong defensive behaviors and rapid cardiorespiratory increase without creating aversive memory, whereas inhibiting them attenuates panic-associated symptoms. Chemogenetic or pharmacological inhibition of downstream PACAP receptor-expressing dorsal raphe neurons abolishes panic-like symptoms. The pontomesencephalic PACAPergic pathway is therefore a likely mediator of panicogenesis, and may be a promising therapeutic target for treating panic disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukjae J Kang
- Peptide Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jong-Hyun Kim
- Peptide Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Il Kim
- Peptide Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Benjamin Z Roberts
- Peptide Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sung Han
- Peptide Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research, Institute for Basic Science, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
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10
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Jung H, Han D, Lee C, Kaang BK. Synaptic Engram. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2024; 38:131-145. [PMID: 39008014 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-62983-9_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
The concept of the engram refers to structural and/or physiological changes that underlie memory associations during learning. However, the precise biological basis of the engram remains elusive, with ongoing controversy regarding whether it resides at the cellular level or within the synaptic connections between activated cells. Here, we briefly review the studies investigating the cellular engram and the challenges they encounter. Subsequently, we delve into the biological basis of the engram within synaptic connections. In this regard, we introduce the history of synaptic engrams and discuss recent findings suggesting that synaptic plasticity serves as a substrate for memory. Additionally, we provide an overview of key technologies utilized in the study of synaptic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunsu Jung
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Life Science Institute, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, South Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Daehee Han
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Life Science Institute, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, South Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chaery Lee
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Life Science Institute, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, South Korea
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Bong-Kiun Kaang
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Life Science Institute, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, South Korea.
- Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
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11
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Ortega-de San Luis C, Pezzoli M, Urrieta E, Ryan TJ. Engram cell connectivity as a mechanism for information encoding and memory function. Curr Biol 2023; 33:5368-5380.e5. [PMID: 37992719 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.10.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Information derived from experiences is incorporated into the brain as changes to ensembles of cells, termed engram cells, which allow memory storage and recall. The mechanism by which those changes hold specific information is unclear. Here, we test the hypothesis that the specific synaptic wiring between engram cells is the substrate of information storage. First, we monitor how learning modifies the connectivity pattern between engram cells at a monosynaptic connection involving the hippocampal ventral CA1 (vCA1) region and the amygdala. Then, we assess the functional significance of these connectivity changes by artificially activating or inhibiting its presynaptic and postsynaptic components, respectively. Finally, we identify a synaptic plasticity mechanism mediated by postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD-95), which impacts the connectivity pattern among engram cells and contributes to the long-term stability of the memory. These findings impact our theory of learning and memory by helping us explain the translation of specific information into engram cells and how these connections shape brain function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Ortega-de San Luis
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity College of Dublin, Dublin D02 PN40, Ireland; Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin D02 PN40, Ireland
| | - Maurizio Pezzoli
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity College of Dublin, Dublin D02 PN40, Ireland; Brain Mind Institute, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Esteban Urrieta
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity College of Dublin, Dublin D02 PN40, Ireland; Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin D02 PN40, Ireland
| | - Tomás J Ryan
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity College of Dublin, Dublin D02 PN40, Ireland; Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin D02 PN40, Ireland; Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne Brain Centre, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; Child & Brain Development Program, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR), Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada.
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12
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Morishima M, Matsumura S, Tohyama S, Nagashima T, Konno A, Hirai H, Watabe AM. Excitatory subtypes of the lateral amygdala neurons are differentially involved in regulation of synaptic plasticity and excitation/inhibition balance in aversive learning in mice. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1292822. [PMID: 38162000 PMCID: PMC10755964 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1292822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The amygdala plays a crucial role in aversive learning. In Pavlovian fear conditioning, sensory information about an emotionally neutral conditioned stimulus (CS) and an innately aversive unconditioned stimulus is associated with the lateral amygdala (LA), and the CS acquires the ability to elicit conditioned responses. Aversive learning induces synaptic plasticity in LA excitatory neurons from CS pathways, such as the medial geniculate nucleus (MGN) of the thalamus. Although LA excitatory cells have traditionally been classified based on their firing patterns, the relationship between the subtypes and functional properties remains largely unknown. In this study, we classified excitatory cells into two subtypes based on whether the after-depolarized potential (ADP) amplitude is expressed in non-ADP cells and ADP cells. Their electrophysiological properties were significantly different. We examined subtype-specific synaptic plasticity in the MGN-LA pathway following aversive learning using optogenetics and found significant experience-dependent plasticity in feed-forward inhibitory responses in fear-conditioned mice compared with control mice. Following aversive learning, the inhibition/excitation (I/E) balance in ADP cells drastically changed, whereas that in non-ADP cells tended to change in the reverse direction. These results suggest that the two LA subtypes are differentially regulated in relation to synaptic plasticity and I/E balance during aversive learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mieko Morishima
- Institute of Clinical Medicine and Research, Research Center for Medical Sciences, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Sohta Matsumura
- Institute of Clinical Medicine and Research, Research Center for Medical Sciences, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Suguru Tohyama
- Institute of Clinical Medicine and Research, Research Center for Medical Sciences, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takashi Nagashima
- Institute of Clinical Medicine and Research, Research Center for Medical Sciences, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Ayumu Konno
- Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
- Viral Vector Core, Gunma University Initiative for Advanced Research (GIAR), Maebashi, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Hirai
- Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
- Viral Vector Core, Gunma University Initiative for Advanced Research (GIAR), Maebashi, Japan
| | - Ayako M. Watabe
- Institute of Clinical Medicine and Research, Research Center for Medical Sciences, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
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13
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Kim D, Park P, Li X, Wong Campos JD, Tian H, Moult EM, Grimm JB, Lavis L, Cohen AE. Mapping memories: pulse-chase labeling reveals AMPA receptor dynamics during memory formation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.26.541296. [PMID: 37292614 PMCID: PMC10246012 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.26.541296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A tool to map changes in synaptic strength during a defined time window could provide powerful insights into the mechanisms governing learning and memory. We developed a technique, Extracellular Protein Surface Labeling in Neurons (EPSILON), to map α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor (AMPAR) insertion in vivo by pulse-chase labeling of surface AMPARs with membrane-impermeable dyes. This approach allows for single-synapse resolution maps of plasticity in genetically targeted neurons during memory formation. We investigated the relationship between synapse-level and cell-level memory encodings by mapping synaptic plasticity and cFos expression in hippocampal CA1 pyramidal cells upon contextual fear conditioning (CFC). We observed a strong correlation between synaptic plasticity and cFos expression, suggesting a synaptic mechanism for the association of cFos expression with memory engrams. The EPSILON technique is a useful tool for mapping synaptic plasticity and may be extended to investigate trafficking of other transmembrane proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doyeon Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Pojeong Park
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Xiuyuan Li
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - J David Wong Campos
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - He Tian
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Eric M Moult
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jonathan B Grimm
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, Virginia, USA
| | - Luke Lavis
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, Virginia, USA
| | - Adam E Cohen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
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14
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Pache A, van Rossum MCW. Energetically efficient learning in neuronal networks. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2023; 83:102779. [PMID: 37672980 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2023.102779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Human and animal experiments have shown that acquiring and storing information can require substantial amounts of metabolic energy. However, computational models of neural plasticity only seldom take this cost into account, and might thereby miss an important constraint on biological learning. This review explores various ways to reduce energy requirements for learning in neural networks. By comparing the resulting learning rules to cognitive and neurophysiological observations, we discuss how energy efficiency might have shaped biological learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Pache
- School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Mark C W van Rossum
- School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom; School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom.
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15
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Cheng M, Ye C, Tian C, Zhao D, Li H, Sun Z, Miao Y, Zhang Q, Wang J, Dou Y. Engineered macrophage-biomimetic versatile nanoantidotes for inflammation-targeted therapy against Alzheimer's disease by neurotoxin neutralization and immune recognition suppression. Bioact Mater 2023; 26:337-352. [PMID: 36950153 PMCID: PMC10027514 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2023.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune recognition of excessive neurotoxins by microglia is a trigger for the onset of neuroinflammation in the brain, leading to neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Blocking active recognition of microglia while removing neurotoxins holds promise for fundamentally alleviating neurotoxin-induced immune responses, but is very challenging. Herein, an engineered macrophage-biomimetic versatile nanoantidote (OT-Lipo@M) is developed for inflammation-targeted therapy against AD by neurotoxin neutralization and immune recognition suppression. Coating macrophage membranes can not only endow OT-Lipo@M with anti-phagocytic and inflammation-tropism capabilities to target inflammatory lesions in AD brain, but also efficiently reduce neurotoxin levels to prevent them from activating microglia. The loaded oxytocin (OT) can be slowly released to downregulate the expression of immune recognition site Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) on microglia, inhibiting TLR4-mediated pro-inflammatory signalling cascade. Benefiting from this two-pronged immunosuppressive strategy, OT-Lipo@M exhibits outstanding therapeutic effects on ameliorating cognitive deficits, inhibiting neuronal apoptosis, and enhancing synaptic plasticity in AD mice, accompanied by the delayed hippocampal atrophy and brain microstructural disruption by in vivo 9.4T MR imaging. This work provides new insights into potential AD therapeutics targeting microglia-mediated neuroinflammation at the source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Cheng
- Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, PR China
| | - Caihua Ye
- Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, PR China
| | - Chunxiao Tian
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, PR China
| | - Dongju Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China
| | - Haonan Li
- Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, PR China
| | - Zuhao Sun
- Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, PR China
| | - Yuyang Miao
- Department of Geriatrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Geriatrics Institute, Tianjin, 300052, PR China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Geriatrics Institute, Tianjin, 300052, PR China
- Corresponding author.
| | - Junping Wang
- Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, PR China
- Corresponding author.
| | - Yan Dou
- Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, PR China
- Corresponding author.
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16
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Guebel DV. Human hippocampal astrocytes: Computational dissection of their transcriptome, sexual differences and exosomes across ageing and mild-cognitive impairment. Eur J Neurosci 2023; 58:2677-2707. [PMID: 37427765 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.16081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
The role of astrocytes in Alzheimer's disease is often disregarded. Hence, characterization of astrocytes along their early evolution toward Alzheimer would be greatly beneficial. However, due to their exquisite responsiveness, in vivo studies are difficult. So public microarray data of hippocampal homogenates from (healthy) young, (healthy) elder and elder with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) were subjected to re-analysis by a multi-step computational pipeline. Ontologies and pathway analyses were compared after determining the differential genes that, belonging to astrocytes, have splice forms. Likewise, the subset of molecules exportable to exosomes was also determined. The results showed that astrocyte's phenotypes changed significantly. While already 'activated' astrocytes were found in the younger group, major changes occurred during ageing (increased vascular remodelling and response to mechanical stimulus, diminished long-term potentiation and increased long-term depression). MCI's astrocytes showed some 'rejuvenated' features, but their sensitivity to shear stress was markedly lost. Importantly, most of the changes showed to be sex biassed. Men's astrocytes are enriched in a type 'endfeet-astrocytome', whereas women's astrocytes appear close to the 'scar-forming' type (prone to endothelial dysfunction, hypercholesterolemia, loss of glutamatergic synapses, Ca+2 dysregulation, hypoxia, oxidative stress and 'pro-coagulant' phenotype). In conclusion, the computational dissection of the networks based on the hippocampal gene isoforms provides a relevant proxy to in vivo astrocytes, also revealing the occurrence of sexual differences. Analyses of the astrocytic exosomes did not provide an acceptable approximation to the overall functioning of astrocytes in the hippocampus, probably due to the selective cellular mechanisms which charge the cargo molecules.
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17
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Ramsaran AI, Wang Y, Golbabaei A, Aleshin S, de Snoo ML, Yeung BRA, Rashid AJ, Awasthi A, Lau J, Tran LM, Ko SY, Abegg A, Duan LC, McKenzie C, Gallucci J, Ahmed M, Kaushik R, Dityatev A, Josselyn SA, Frankland PW. A shift in the mechanisms controlling hippocampal engram formation during brain maturation. Science 2023; 380:543-551. [PMID: 37141366 DOI: 10.1126/science.ade6530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The ability to form precise, episodic memories develops with age, with young children only able to form gist-like memories that lack precision. The cellular and molecular events in the developing hippocampus that underlie the emergence of precise, episodic-like memory are unclear. In mice, the absence of a competitive neuronal engram allocation process in the immature hippocampus precluded the formation of sparse engrams and precise memories until the fourth postnatal week, when inhibitory circuits in the hippocampus mature. This age-dependent shift in precision of episodic-like memories involved the functional maturation of parvalbumin-expressing interneurons in subfield CA1 through assembly of extracellular perineuronal nets, which is necessary and sufficient for the onset of competitive neuronal allocation, sparse engram formation, and memory precision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam I Ramsaran
- Program in Neurosciences and Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ying Wang
- Program in Neurosciences and Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ali Golbabaei
- Program in Neurosciences and Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stepan Aleshin
- Molecular Neuroplasticity, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Mitchell L de Snoo
- Program in Neurosciences and Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bi-Ru Amy Yeung
- Program in Neurosciences and Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Asim J Rashid
- Program in Neurosciences and Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ankit Awasthi
- Program in Neurosciences and Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jocelyn Lau
- Program in Neurosciences and Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lina M Tran
- Program in Neurosciences and Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Vector Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sangyoon Y Ko
- Program in Neurosciences and Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrin Abegg
- Program in Neurosciences and Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Lana Chunan Duan
- Program in Neurosciences and Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Cory McKenzie
- Program in Neurosciences and Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Julia Gallucci
- Program in Neurosciences and Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Moriam Ahmed
- Program in Neurosciences and Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rahul Kaushik
- Molecular Neuroplasticity, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Magdeburg, Germany
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Dityatev
- Molecular Neuroplasticity, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Magdeburg, Germany
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, Germany
- Medical Faculty, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Sheena A Josselyn
- Program in Neurosciences and Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Brain, Mind, & Consciousness Program, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Paul W Frankland
- Program in Neurosciences and Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Child & Brain Development Program, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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18
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Xu Y, Yu Z, Chen S, Li Z, Long X, Chen M, Lee CS, Peng HY, Lin TB, Hsieh MC, Lai CY, Chou D. (2R,6R)-hydroxynorketamine targeting the basolateral amygdala regulates fear memory. Neuropharmacology 2023; 225:109402. [PMID: 36565854 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2022.109402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
(2R,6R)-Hydroxynorketamine (HNK), a ketamine metabolite, has been proposed as an ideal next-generation antidepressant due to its rapid-acting and long-lasting antidepression-relevant actions. Interestingly, recent studies have shown that (2R,6R)-HNK may have diverse impacts on memory formation. However, its effect on fear memory extinction is still unknown. In the present study, we assessed the effects of (2R,6R)-HNK on synaptic transmission and plasticity in the basolateral amygdala (BLA) and explored its actions on auditory fear memory extinction. Adult male C57BL/6J mice were used in this study. The extracellular electrophysiological recording was conducted to assay synaptic transmission and plasticity. The auditory fear conditioning paradigm was performed to test fear extinction. The results showed that (2R,6R)-HNK at 30 mg/kg increased the number of c-fos-positive cells in the BLA. Moreover, (2R,6R)-HNK enhanced the induction and maintenance of long-term potentiation (LTP) in the BLA in a dose-dependent manner (at 1, 10, and 30 mg/kg). In addition, (2R,6R)-HNK at 30 mg/kg and directly slice perfusion of (2R,6R)-HNK enhanced BLA synaptic transmission. Furthermore, intra-BLA application and systemic administration of (2R,6R)-HNK reduced the retrieval of recent fear memory and decreased the retrieval of remote fear memory. Both local and systemic (2R,6R)-HNK also inhibited the spontaneous recovery of remote fear memory. Taken together, these results indicated that (2R,6R)-HNK could regulate BLA synaptic transmission and plasticity and act through the BLA to modulate fear memory. The results revealed that (2R,6R)-HNK may be a potential drug to treat posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China.
| | - Zhenfei Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China.
| | - Si Chen
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histology & Embryology, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China.
| | - Zhenlong Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China.
| | - Xiting Long
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China.
| | - Mengxu Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China.
| | - Chau-Shoun Lee
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Hsien-Yu Peng
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Tzer-Bin Lin
- Institute of New Drug Development, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Cell Physiology and Molecular Image Research Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Ming-Chun Hsieh
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Cheng-Yuan Lai
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Dylan Chou
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Physiology, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China.
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19
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Lavi A, Sehgal M, de Sousa AF, Ter-Mkrtchyan D, Sisan F, Luchetti A, Okabe A, Bear C, Silva AJ. Local memory allocation recruits memory ensembles across brain regions. Neuron 2023; 111:470-480.e5. [PMID: 36563678 PMCID: PMC10548338 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2022.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Memories are thought to be stored in ensembles of neurons across multiple brain regions. However, whether and how these ensembles are coordinated at the time of learning remains largely unknown. Here, we combined CREB-mediated memory allocation with transsynaptic retrograde tracing to demonstrate that the allocation of aversive memories to a group of neurons in one brain region directly affects the allocation of interconnected neurons in upstream brain regions in a behavioral- and brain region-specific manner in mice. Our analysis suggests that this cross-regional recruitment of presynaptic neurons is initiated by downstream memory neurons through a retrograde mechanism. Together with statistical modeling, our results indicate that in addition to the anterograde flow of information between brain regions, the establishment of interconnected, brain-wide memory traces relies on a retrograde mechanism that coordinates memory ensembles at the time of learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayal Lavi
- Departments of Neurobiology, Psychology, Psychiatry, Integrative Center for Learning and Memory and Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Megha Sehgal
- Departments of Neurobiology, Psychology, Psychiatry, Integrative Center for Learning and Memory and Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Andre F de Sousa
- Departments of Neurobiology, Psychology, Psychiatry, Integrative Center for Learning and Memory and Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Donara Ter-Mkrtchyan
- Departments of Neurobiology, Psychology, Psychiatry, Integrative Center for Learning and Memory and Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Fardad Sisan
- Departments of Neurobiology, Psychology, Psychiatry, Integrative Center for Learning and Memory and Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Alessandro Luchetti
- Departments of Neurobiology, Psychology, Psychiatry, Integrative Center for Learning and Memory and Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Anna Okabe
- Departments of Neurobiology, Psychology, Psychiatry, Integrative Center for Learning and Memory and Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Cameron Bear
- Departments of Neurobiology, Psychology, Psychiatry, Integrative Center for Learning and Memory and Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Alcino J Silva
- Departments of Neurobiology, Psychology, Psychiatry, Integrative Center for Learning and Memory and Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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20
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Liu Y, Chen X, Liang Y, Song H, Yu P, Guan S, Liu Z, Yang A, Tang M, Zhou Y, Zheng Y, Yang Z, Jiang L, He J, Tan N, Xu B, Lin X. Ferromagnetic Flexible Electronics for Brain-Wide Selective Neural Recording. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2208251. [PMID: 36451587 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202208251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Flexible microelectronics capable of straightforward implantation, remotely controlled navigation, and stable long-term recording hold great promise in diverse medical applications, particularly in deciphering complex functions of neural circuits in the brain. Existing flexible electronics, however, are often limited in bending and buckling during implantation, and unable to access a large brain region. Here, an injectable class of electronics with stable recording, omnidirectional steering, and precise navigating capabilities based on magnetic actuation is presented. After simple transcriptional injection, the rigid coatings are biodegraded quickly and the bundles of magnetic-nanoparticles-coated microelectrodes become separated, ultra-flexible, and magnetic actuated for further minimally invasive three-dimensional interpenetration in the brain. As proof of concept, this paradigm-shifting approach is demonstrated for selective and multiplexed neural activities recording across distant regions in the deep rodent brains. Coupling with optogenetic neural stimulation, the unique capabilities of this platform in electrophysiological readouts of projection dynamics in vivo are also demonstrated. The ability of these miniaturized, remotely controllable, and biocompatible ferromagnetic flexible electronics to afford minimally invasive manipulations in the soft tissues of the mammalian brain foreshadows applications in other organ systems, with great potential for broad utility in biomedical science and engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sensor Technology and Biomedical Instrument, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518107, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Neuroscience, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Ye Liang
- Department of Neuroscience, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Hao Song
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sensor Technology and Biomedical Instrument, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518107, China
| | - Peng Yu
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Machine Intelligence and Advanced Computing, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510275, China
| | - Shunmin Guan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sensor Technology and Biomedical Instrument, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518107, China
| | - Zijian Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sensor Technology and Biomedical Instrument, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518107, China
| | - Anqi Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sensor Technology and Biomedical Instrument, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518107, China
| | - Minghui Tang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sensor Technology and Biomedical Instrument, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518107, China
| | - Yajing Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sensor Technology and Biomedical Instrument, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518107, China
| | - Ying Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sensor Technology and Biomedical Instrument, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518107, China
| | - Zhilun Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sensor Technology and Biomedical Instrument, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518107, China
| | - Lelun Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sensor Technology and Biomedical Instrument, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518107, China
| | - Jufang He
- Department of Neuroscience, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Ning Tan
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Machine Intelligence and Advanced Computing, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510275, China
| | - Bingzhe Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sensor Technology and Biomedical Instrument, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518107, China
| | - Xudong Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sensor Technology and Biomedical Instrument, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518107, China
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21
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Activity Patterns of Individual Neurons and Ensembles Correlated with Retrieval of a Contextual Memory in the Dorsal CA1 of Mouse Hippocampus. J Neurosci 2023; 43:113-124. [PMID: 36332977 PMCID: PMC9838698 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1407-22.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The hippocampus is crucial for retrieval of contextual memories. The activation of a subpopulation of neurons in the dorsal CA1 (dCA1) of the hippocampus is required for memory retrieval. Given that hippocampal neurons exhibit distinct patterns of response during memory retrieval, the activity patterns of individual neurons or ensembles may be critically involved in memory retrieval. However, this relation has been unclear. To investigate this question, we used an in vivo microendoscope calcium imaging technique to optically record neuronal activity in the dCA1 of male and female mice. We observed that a portion of dCA1 neurons increased their responses to the learned context after contextual fear conditioning (FC), resulting in overall increase in response of neuronal population compared with simple context exposure. Such increased response was specific to the conditioned context as it disappeared in neutral context. The magnitude of increase in neuronal responses by FC was proportional to memory strength during retrieval. The increases in activity preferentially occurred during the putative sharp wave ripple events and were not simply because of animal's movement and immobility. At the ensemble level, synchronous cell activity patterns were associated with memory retrieval. Accordingly, when such patterns were more similar between conditioned and neutral context, animals displayed proportionally more similar level of freezing. Together, these results indicate that increase in responses of individual neurons and synchronous cell activity patterns in the dCA1 neuronal network are critically involved in representing a contextual memory recall.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Neurons in the dorsal CA1 of the hippocampus are crucial for memory retrieval. By using in vivo calcium imaging methods for recording neuronal activity, we demonstrate that dCA1 neurons increased their responses to the learned context specifically by FC and such changes correlated with memory strength during retrieval. Moreover, distinct synchronous cell activity patterns were formed by FC and involved in representing contextual memory retrieval. These findings reveal dynamic activity features of dCA1 neurons that are involved in contextual memory retrieval.
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22
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Chen Z, Wu M, Lai Q, Zhou W, Wen X, Yin X. Epigenetic regulation of synaptic disorder in Alzheimer’s disease. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:888014. [PMID: 35992921 PMCID: PMC9382295 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.888014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Synapses are critical structures involved in neurotransmission and neuroplasticity. Their activity depends on their complete structure and function, which are the basis of learning, memory, and cognitive function. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is neuropathologically characterized by synaptic loss, synaptic disorder, and plasticity impairment. AD pathogenesis is characterized by complex interactions between genetic and environmental factors. Changes in various receptors on the postsynaptic membrane, synaptic components, and dendritic spines lead to synaptic disorder. Changes in epigenetic regulation, including DNA methylation, RNA interference, and histone modification, are closely related to AD. These can affect neuronal and synaptic functions by regulating the structure and expression of neuronal genes. Some drugs have ameliorated synaptic and neural dysfunction in AD models via epigenetic regulation. We reviewed the recent progress on pathological changes and epigenetic mechanisms of synaptic dysregulation in AD to provide a new perspective on this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiying Chen
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, China
- Jiujiang Clinical Precision Medicine Research Center, Jiujiang, China
| | - Moxin Wu
- Jiujiang Clinical Precision Medicine Research Center, Jiujiang, China
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, China
| | - Qin Lai
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, China
| | - Weixin Zhou
- Jiujiang Clinical Precision Medicine Research Center, Jiujiang, China
| | - Xiaoqing Wen
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, China
| | - Xiaoping Yin
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, China
- Jiujiang Clinical Precision Medicine Research Center, Jiujiang, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaoping Yin,
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23
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Interrogating structural plasticity among synaptic engrams. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2022; 75:102552. [DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2022.102552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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24
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Cho HY, Lee HS, Jeong Y, Han J, Yoo M, Han JH. Excitability-Independent Memory Allocation for Repeated Event. Front Behav Neurosci 2022; 16:860027. [PMID: 35571275 PMCID: PMC9094695 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.860027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
How memory is organized in cell ensembles when an event is repeated is not well-understood. Recently, we found that retraining 24 h after the initial fear conditioning (FC) event induces turnover of neurons in the lateral amygdala (LA) that encodes fear memory. Excitability-dependent competition between eligible neurons has been suggested as a rule that governs memory allocation. However, it remains undetermined whether excitability is also involved in the allocation of a repeated event. By increasing excitability in a subset of neurons in the LA before FC, we confirmed that these neurons preferentially participated in encoding fear memory as previously reported. These neurons, however, became unnecessary for memory recall after retraining 24 h following initial FC. Consistently, the initial memory-encoding neurons became less likely to be reactivated during recall. This reorganization in cell ensembles, however, was not induced and memory was co-allocated when retraining occurred 6 h after the initial FC. In 24-h retraining condition, artificially increasing excitability right before retraining failed to drive memory co-allocation. These results suggest a distinct memory allocation mechanism for repeated events distantly separated in time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Yeon Cho
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
- KAIST Institute for the BioCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Han-Sol Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
- KAIST Institute for the BioCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Yire Jeong
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
- KAIST Institute for the BioCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Junho Han
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
- KAIST Institute for the BioCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Miran Yoo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
- KAIST Institute for the BioCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jin-Hee Han
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
- KAIST Institute for the BioCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Jin-Hee Han
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25
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Dissociated Role of Thalamic and Cortical Input to the Lateral Amygdala for Consolidation of Long-Term Fear Memory. J Neurosci 2021; 41:9561-9570. [PMID: 34667069 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1167-21.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-encoding coordinated reactivation of memory traces distributed throughout interconnected brain regions is thought to be critical for consolidation of memories. However, little is known about the role of neural circuit pathways during post-learning periods for consolidation of memories. To investigate this question, we optogenetically silenced the inputs from both auditory cortex and thalamus in the lateral amygdala (LA) for 15 min immediately following auditory fear conditioning (FC) and examined its effect on fear memory formation in mice of both sexes. Optogenetic inhibition of both inputs disrupted long-term fear memory formation tested 24 h after FC. This effect was specific such that the same inhibition did not affect short-term memory and context-dependent memory. Moreover, long-term memory was intact if the inputs were inhibited at much later time points after FC (3 h or 1 d after FC), indicating that optical inhibition for 15 min itself does not produce any nonspecific deleterious effect on fear memory retrieval. Selective inhibition of thalamic input was sufficient to impair consolidation of auditory fear memory. In contrast, selective inhibition of cortical input disrupted remote fear memory without affecting recent memory. These results reveal a dissociated role of thalamic and cortical input to the LA during early post-learning periods for consolidation of long-term fear memory.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Coordinated communications between brain regions are thought to be essential during post-learning periods for consolidation of memories. However, the role of specific neural circuit pathways in this process has been scarcely explored. Using a precise optogenetic inhibition of auditory input pathways, either thalamic or cortical or both, to the LA during post-training periods, we here show that thalamic input is required for consolidation of both recent and remote fear memory, whereas cortical input is crucial for consolidation of remote fear memory. These results reveal a dissociated role of auditory input pathways to the LA for consolidation of long-term fear memory.
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26
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Liu YJ, Liu TT, Jiang LH, Liu Q, Ma ZL, Xia TJ, Gu XP. Identification of hub genes associated with cognition in the hippocampus of Alzheimer's Disease. Bioengineered 2021; 12:9598-9609. [PMID: 34719328 PMCID: PMC8810106 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1999549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease featured by cognitive impairment. This bioinformatic analysis was used to identify hub genes related to cognitive dysfunction in AD. The gene expression profile GSE48350 in the hippocampus of AD patients aged >70 years was obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. A total of 96 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, and subjected to Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses; a protein–protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed. The DEGs were enriched in synapse-related changes. A protein cluster was teased out of PPI. Furthermore, the cognition ranked the first among all the terms of biological process (BP). Next, 4 of 10 hub genes enriched in cognition were identified. The function of these genes was validated using APP/PS1 mice. Cognitive performance was validated by Morris Water Maze (MWM), and gene expression by RT-qPCR, Cholecystokinin (CCK), Tachykinin precursor 1 (TAC1), Calbindin 1 (CALB1) were downregulated in the hippocampus. These genes can provide new directions in the research of the molecular mechanism of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jia Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.,Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Tian-Tian Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.,Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Lin-Hao Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.,Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Qian Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.,Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zheng-Liang Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Tian-Jiao Xia
- Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiao-Ping Gu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
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