1
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Milne TA. Chromatin and aberrant enhancer activity in KMT2A rearranged acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2024; 86:102191. [PMID: 38579381 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2024.102191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
To make a multicellular organism, genes need to be transcribed at the right developmental stages and in the right tissues. DNA sequences termed 'enhancers' are crucial to achieve this. Despite concerted efforts, the exact mechanisms of enhancer activity remain elusive. Mixed lineage leukemia (MLL or KMT2A) rearrangements (MLLr), commonly observed in cases of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and acute myeloid leukemia, produce novel in-frame fusion proteins. Recent work has shown that the MLL-AF4 fusion protein drives aberrant enhancer activity at key oncogenes in ALL, dependent on the continued presence of MLL-AF4 complex components. As well as providing some general insights into enhancer function, these observations may also provide an explanation for transcriptional heterogeneity observed in MLLr patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A Milne
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK.
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2
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Tretti Parenzan C, Molin AD, Longo G, Gaffo E, Buratin A, Cani A, Boldrin E, Serafin V, Guglielmelli P, Vannucchi AM, Cazzaniga G, Biondi A, Locatelli F, Meyer LH, Buldini B, te Kronnie G, Bresolin S, Bortoluzzi S. Functional relevance of circRNA aberrant expression in pediatric acute leukemia with KMT2A::AFF1 fusion. Blood Adv 2024; 8:1305-1319. [PMID: 38029383 PMCID: PMC10918493 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2023011291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are emerging molecular players in leukemogenesis and promising therapeutic targets. In KMT2A::AFF1 (MLL::AF4)-rearranged leukemia, an aggressive disease compared with other pediatric B-cell precursor (BCP) acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), data about circRNAs are limited. Here, we disclose the circRNA landscape of infant patients with KMT2A::AFF1 translocated BCP-ALL showing dysregulated, mostly ectopically expressed, circRNAs in leukemia cells. Most of these circRNAs, apart from circHIPK3 and circZNF609, previously associated with oncogenic behavior in ALL, are still uncharacterized. An in vitro loss-of-function screening identified an oncogenic role of circFKBP5, circKLHL2, circNR3C1, and circPAN3 in KMT2A::AFF1 ALL, whose silencing affected cell proliferation and apoptosis. Further study in an extended cohort disclosed a significantly correlated expression of these oncogenic circRNAs and their putative involvement in common regulatory networks. Moreover, it showed that circAFF1 upregulation occurs in a subset of cases with HOXA KMT2A::AFF1 ALL. Collectively, functional analyses and patient data reveal oncogenic circRNA upregulation as a relevant mechanism that sustains the malignant cell phenotype in KMT2A::AFF1 ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Tretti Parenzan
- Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplant Division, Women and Child Health Department, Padua University and Hospital, Padua, Italy
| | - Anna Dal Molin
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Giorgia Longo
- Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplant Division, Women and Child Health Department, Padua University and Hospital, Padua, Italy
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Enrico Gaffo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Alessia Buratin
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Alice Cani
- Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplant Division, Women and Child Health Department, Padua University and Hospital, Padua, Italy
| | - Elena Boldrin
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Ulm University Medical Center, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm, Germany
| | - Valentina Serafin
- Onco-Hematology, Stem Cell Transplant and Gene Therapy, Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Foundation - Città della Speranza, Padua, Italy
| | - Paola Guglielmelli
- Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Careggi, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Giovanni Cazzaniga
- Tettamanti Center, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza, Italia
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - Andrea Biondi
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
- Department of Pediatrics, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza, Italy
| | - Franco Locatelli
- Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, IRCCS Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Lueder H. Meyer
- Ulm University Medical Center, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm, Germany
| | - Barbara Buldini
- Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplant Division, Women and Child Health Department, Padua University and Hospital, Padua, Italy
- Onco-Hematology, Stem Cell Transplant and Gene Therapy, Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Foundation - Città della Speranza, Padua, Italy
| | | | - Silvia Bresolin
- Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplant Division, Women and Child Health Department, Padua University and Hospital, Padua, Italy
- Onco-Hematology, Stem Cell Transplant and Gene Therapy, Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Foundation - Città della Speranza, Padua, Italy
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3
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Pan F, Sarno J, Jeong J, Yang X, Jager A, Gruber TA, Davis KL, Cleary ML. Genome editing-induced t(4;11) chromosomal translocations model B cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemias with KMT2A-AFF1 fusion. J Clin Invest 2024; 134:e171030. [PMID: 37917159 PMCID: PMC10760968 DOI: 10.1172/jci171030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
A t(4;11) leukemia model established from CRISPR-engineered chromosomal translocations between the KMT2A and AFF1 genes recapitulate proteomic, epigenomic, and transcriptomic features of primary patient leukemias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Pan
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, the University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Jolanda Sarno
- Division of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology, Stem Cell Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
- Stanford Center for Cancer Cell Therapy, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Johan Jeong
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Xin Yang
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Astraea Jager
- Division of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology, Stem Cell Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
- Stanford Center for Cancer Cell Therapy, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Tanja A. Gruber
- Division of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology, Stem Cell Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Kara L. Davis
- Division of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology, Stem Cell Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
- Stanford Center for Cancer Cell Therapy, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Michael L. Cleary
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
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4
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Kreissig S, Windisch R, Wichmann C. Deciphering Acute Myeloid Leukemia Associated Transcription Factors in Human Primary CD34+ Hematopoietic Stem/Progenitor Cells. Cells 2023; 13:78. [PMID: 38201282 PMCID: PMC10777941 DOI: 10.3390/cells13010078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Hemato-oncological diseases account for nearly 10% of all malignancies and can be classified into leukemia, lymphoma, myeloproliferative diseases, and myelodysplastic syndromes. The causes and prognosis of these disease entities are highly variable. Most entities are not permanently controllable and ultimately lead to the patient's death. At the molecular level, recurrent mutations including chromosomal translocations initiate the transformation from normal stem-/progenitor cells into malignant blasts finally floating the patient's bone marrow and blood system. In acute myeloid leukemia (AML), the so-called master transcription factors such as RUNX1, KMT2A, and HOX are frequently disrupted by chromosomal translocations, resulting in neomorphic oncogenic fusion genes. Triggering ex vivo expansion of primary human CD34+ stem/progenitor cells represents a distinct characteristic of such chimeric AML transcription factors. Regarding oncogenic mechanisms of AML, most studies focus on murine models. However, due to biological differences between mice and humans, findings are only partly transferable. This review focuses on the genetic manipulation of human CD34+ primary hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells derived from healthy donors to model acute myeloid leukemia cell growth. Analysis of defined single- or multi-hit human cellular AML models will elucidate molecular mechanisms of the development, maintenance, and potential molecular intervention strategies to counteract malignant human AML blast cell growth.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Christian Wichmann
- Division of Transfusion Medicine, Cell Therapeutics and Haemostaseology, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; (S.K.)
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5
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Bueno C, Torres-Ruiz R, Velasco-Hernandez T, Molina O, Petazzi P, Martinez A, Rodriguez V, Vinyoles M, Cantilena S, Williams O, Vega-Garcia N, Rodriguez-Perales S, Segovia JC, Quintana-Bustamante O, Roy A, Meyer C, Marschalek R, Smith AL, Milne TA, Fraga MF, Tejedor JR, Menéndez P. A human genome editing-based MLL::AF4 ALL model recapitulates key cellular and molecular leukemogenic features. Blood 2023; 142:1752-1756. [PMID: 37756522 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2023020858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular ontogeny and MLL breakpoint site influence the capacity of MLL-edited CD34+ hematopoietic cells to initiate and recapitulate infant patients' features in pro-B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL). We provide key insights into the leukemogenic determinants of MLL-AF4+ infant B-ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Bueno
- Stem Cell Biology, Immunotherapy and Developmental Leukemia Laboratory. Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
- Spanish Network for Advanced Therapies, Carlos III Health Institute, Barcelona, Spain
- Spanish Collaborative Cancer Network, Carlos III Health Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raul Torres-Ruiz
- Stem Cell Biology, Immunotherapy and Developmental Leukemia Laboratory. Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
- Division of Hematopoietic Innovative Therapies, Biomedical Innovation Unit, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, Madrid, Spain
- Advanced Therapies Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Madrid, Spain
- Molecular Cytogenetics and Genome Editing Unit, Human Cancer Genetics Program, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncologicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Talia Velasco-Hernandez
- Stem Cell Biology, Immunotherapy and Developmental Leukemia Laboratory. Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
- Spanish Network for Advanced Therapies, Carlos III Health Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Oscar Molina
- Stem Cell Biology, Immunotherapy and Developmental Leukemia Laboratory. Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
- Spanish Network for Advanced Therapies, Carlos III Health Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paolo Petazzi
- Stem Cell Biology, Immunotherapy and Developmental Leukemia Laboratory. Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alba Martinez
- Stem Cell Biology, Immunotherapy and Developmental Leukemia Laboratory. Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
- Spanish Network for Advanced Therapies, Carlos III Health Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Virginia Rodriguez
- Stem Cell Biology, Immunotherapy and Developmental Leukemia Laboratory. Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
- Spanish Network for Advanced Therapies, Carlos III Health Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Meritxell Vinyoles
- Stem Cell Biology, Immunotherapy and Developmental Leukemia Laboratory. Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
- Spanish Network for Advanced Therapies, Carlos III Health Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sandra Cantilena
- Development Biology Cancer Program, Cancer Section, UCLGOS Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Owen Williams
- Development Biology Cancer Program, Cancer Section, UCLGOS Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nerea Vega-Garcia
- Hematology Laboratory, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Developmental Tumors Biology Group, Leukemia, and other Pediatric Hemopathies, Pediatric Cancer Center Barcelona, Institut de Recerca, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sandra Rodriguez-Perales
- Molecular Cytogenetics and Genome Editing Unit, Human Cancer Genetics Program, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncologicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose C Segovia
- Division of Hematopoietic Innovative Therapies, Biomedical Innovation Unit, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, Madrid, Spain
- Advanced Therapies Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Madrid, Spain
| | - Oscar Quintana-Bustamante
- Division of Hematopoietic Innovative Therapies, Biomedical Innovation Unit, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, Madrid, Spain
- Advanced Therapies Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Madrid, Spain
| | - Anindita Roy
- MRC Molecular Hematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Oxford Biomedical Research Center Hematology Theme, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Department of Pediatrics and National Institute for Health and Care Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre Hematology Theme, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Claus Meyer
- Diagnostic Center of Acute Leukemia-Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Rolf Marschalek
- Diagnostic Center of Acute Leukemia-Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Alastair L Smith
- MRC Molecular Hematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Oxford Biomedical Research Center Hematology Theme, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas A Milne
- MRC Molecular Hematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Oxford Biomedical Research Center Hematology Theme, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Mario F Fraga
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Madrid, Spain
- Cancer Epigenetics and Nanomedicine Laboratory, Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology Research Center, El Entrego, Spain
- Health Research Institute of Asturias, Institute of Oncology of Asturias and Department of Organisms and Systems Biology, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Juan Ramón Tejedor
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Madrid, Spain
- Cancer Epigenetics and Nanomedicine Laboratory, Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology Research Center, El Entrego, Spain
- Health Research Institute of Asturias, Institute of Oncology of Asturias and Department of Organisms and Systems Biology, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Pablo Menéndez
- Stem Cell Biology, Immunotherapy and Developmental Leukemia Laboratory. Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
- Spanish Network for Advanced Therapies, Carlos III Health Institute, Barcelona, Spain
- Spanish Collaborative Cancer Network, Carlos III Health Institute, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona, Spain
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6
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Johannessen JA, Formica M, Haukeland ALC, Bråthen NR, Al Outa A, Aarsund M, Therrien M, Enserink JM, Knævelsrud H. The human leukemic oncogene MLL-AF4 promotes hyperplastic growth of hematopoietic tissues in Drosophila larvae. iScience 2023; 26:107726. [PMID: 37720104 PMCID: PMC10504488 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
MLL-rearranged (MLL-r) leukemias are among the leukemic subtypes with poorest survival, and treatment options have barely improved over the last decades. Despite increasing molecular understanding of the mechanisms behind these hematopoietic malignancies, this knowledge has had poor translation into the clinic. Here, we report a Drosophila melanogaster model system to explore the pathways affected in MLL-r leukemia. We show that expression of the human leukemic oncogene MLL-AF4 in the Drosophila hematopoietic system resulted in increased levels of circulating hemocytes and an enlargement of the larval hematopoietic organ, the lymph gland. Strikingly, depletion of Drosophila orthologs of known interactors of MLL-AF4, such as DOT1L, rescued the leukemic phenotype. In agreement, treatment with small-molecule inhibitors of DOT1L also prevented the MLL-AF4-induced leukemia-like phenotype. Taken together, this model provides an in vivo system to unravel the genetic interactors involved in leukemogenesis and offers a system for improved biological understanding of MLL-r leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie A. Johannessen
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Miriam Formica
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Aina Louise C. Haukeland
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nora Rojahn Bråthen
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Amani Al Outa
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Miriam Aarsund
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marc Therrien
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Laboratory of Intracellular Signaling, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
- Département de pathologie et de biologie cellulaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Jorrit M. Enserink
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Section for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Helene Knævelsrud
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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7
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Crump NT, Smith AL, Godfrey L, Dopico-Fernandez AM, Denny N, Harman JR, Hamley JC, Jackson NE, Chahrour C, Riva S, Rice S, Kim J, Basrur V, Fermin D, Elenitoba-Johnson K, Roeder RG, Allis CD, Roberts I, Roy A, Geng H, Davies JOJ, Milne TA. MLL-AF4 cooperates with PAF1 and FACT to drive high-density enhancer interactions in leukemia. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5208. [PMID: 37626123 PMCID: PMC10457349 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40981-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrant enhancer activation is a key mechanism driving oncogene expression in many cancers. While much is known about the regulation of larger chromosome domains in eukaryotes, the details of enhancer-promoter interactions remain poorly understood. Recent work suggests co-activators like BRD4 and Mediator have little impact on enhancer-promoter interactions. In leukemias controlled by the MLL-AF4 fusion protein, we use the ultra-high resolution technique Micro-Capture-C (MCC) to show that MLL-AF4 binding promotes broad, high-density regions of enhancer-promoter interactions at a subset of key targets. These enhancers are enriched for transcription elongation factors like PAF1C and FACT, and the loss of these factors abolishes enhancer-promoter contact. This work not only provides an additional model for how MLL-AF4 is able to drive high levels of transcription at key genes in leukemia but also suggests a more general model linking enhancer-promoter crosstalk and transcription elongation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas T Crump
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK.
- Hugh and Josseline Langmuir Centre for Myeloma Research, Centre for Haematology, Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK.
| | - Alastair L Smith
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Laura Godfrey
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Ana M Dopico-Fernandez
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Nicholas Denny
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Joe R Harman
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Joseph C Hamley
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Nicole E Jackson
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Catherine Chahrour
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Simone Riva
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Siobhan Rice
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Jaehoon Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
| | - Venkatesha Basrur
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Damian Fermin
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Kojo Elenitoba-Johnson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Robert G Roeder
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - C David Allis
- Laboratory of Chromatin Biology and Epigenetics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Irene Roberts
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Anindita Roy
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Huimin Geng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - James O J Davies
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Thomas A Milne
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK.
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8
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Liu R, Zhao E, Yu H, Yuan C, Abbas MN, Cui H. Methylation across the central dogma in health and diseases: new therapeutic strategies. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:310. [PMID: 37620312 PMCID: PMC10449936 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01528-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The proper transfer of genetic information from DNA to RNA to protein is essential for cell-fate control, development, and health. Methylation of DNA, RNAs, histones, and non-histone proteins is a reversible post-synthesis modification that finetunes gene expression and function in diverse physiological processes. Aberrant methylation caused by genetic mutations or environmental stimuli promotes various diseases and accelerates aging, necessitating the development of therapies to correct the disease-driver methylation imbalance. In this Review, we summarize the operating system of methylation across the central dogma, which includes writers, erasers, readers, and reader-independent outputs. We then discuss how dysregulation of the system contributes to neurological disorders, cancer, and aging. Current small-molecule compounds that target the modifiers show modest success in certain cancers. The methylome-wide action and lack of specificity lead to undesirable biological effects and cytotoxicity, limiting their therapeutic application, especially for diseases with a monogenic cause or different directions of methylation changes. Emerging tools capable of site-specific methylation manipulation hold great promise to solve this dilemma. With the refinement of delivery vehicles, these new tools are well positioned to advance the basic research and clinical translation of the methylation field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruochen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Jinfeng Laboratory, Chongqing, 401329, China
- Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Silk Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, Chongqing, 400716, China
- Engineering Research Center for Cancer Biomedical and Translational Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Erhu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Jinfeng Laboratory, Chongqing, 401329, China
- Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Silk Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, Chongqing, 400716, China
- Engineering Research Center for Cancer Biomedical and Translational Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Huijuan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Chaoyu Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Muhammad Nadeem Abbas
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Jinfeng Laboratory, Chongqing, 401329, China
- Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Silk Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, Chongqing, 400716, China
- Engineering Research Center for Cancer Biomedical and Translational Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Hongjuan Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
- Jinfeng Laboratory, Chongqing, 401329, China.
- Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Silk Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, Chongqing, 400716, China.
- Engineering Research Center for Cancer Biomedical and Translational Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
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9
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Barone C, Orsenigo R, Cazzola A, D'Errico E, Patelli A, Quattrini G, Vergani B, Bombelli S, De Marco S, D'Orlando C, Bianchi C, Leone BE, Meneveri R, Biondi A, Cazzaniga G, Rabbitts TH, Brunelli S, Azzoni E. Hematopoietic Stem Cell (HSC)-Independent Progenitors Are Susceptible to Mll-Af9-Induced Leukemic Transformation. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3624. [PMID: 37509285 PMCID: PMC10377085 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15143624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Infant acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous disease, genetically distinct from its adult counterpart. Chromosomal translocations involving the KMT2A gene (MLL) are especially common in affected infants of less than 1 year of age, and are associated with a dismal prognosis. While these rearrangements are likely to arise in utero, the cell of origin has not been conclusively identified. This knowledge could lead to a better understanding of the biology of the disease and support the identification of new therapeutic vulnerabilities. Over the last few years, important progress in understanding the dynamics of fetal hematopoiesis has been made. Several reports have highlighted how hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) provide little contribution to fetal hematopoiesis, which is instead largely sustained by HSC-independent progenitors. Here, we used conditional Cre-Lox transgenic mouse models to engineer the Mll-Af9 translocation in defined subsets of embryonic hematopoietic progenitors. We show that embryonic hematopoiesis is generally permissive for Mll-Af9-induced leukemic transformation. Surprisingly, the selective introduction of Mll-Af9 in HSC-independent progenitors generated a transplantable myeloid leukemia, whereas it did not when introduced in embryonic HSC-derived cells. Ex vivo engineering of the Mll-Af9 rearrangement in HSC-independent progenitors using a CRISPR/Cas9-based approach resulted in the activation of an aberrant myeloid-biased self-renewal program. Overall, our results demonstrate that HSC-independent hematopoietic progenitors represent a permissive environment for Mll-Af9-induced leukemic transformation, and can likely act as cells of origin of infant AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiana Barone
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Roberto Orsenigo
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Anna Cazzola
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Elisabetta D'Errico
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Arianna Patelli
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Giulia Quattrini
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Barbara Vergani
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Silvia Bombelli
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Sofia De Marco
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Cristina D'Orlando
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Cristina Bianchi
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Biagio Eugenio Leone
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Raffaella Meneveri
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Andrea Biondi
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
- Pediatrics, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Giovanni Cazzaniga
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
- Centro Tettamanti, IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Terence Howard Rabbitts
- Division of Cancer Therapeutics, Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Road, Sutton, London SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Silvia Brunelli
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Emanuele Azzoni
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
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10
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Meyer C, Larghero P, Almeida Lopes B, Burmeister T, Gröger D, Sutton R, Venn NC, Cazzaniga G, Corral Abascal L, Tsaur G, Fechina L, Emerenciano M, Pombo-de-Oliveira MS, Lund-Aho T, Lundán T, Montonen M, Juvonen V, Zuna J, Trka J, Ballerini P, Lapillonne H, Van der Velden VHJ, Sonneveld E, Delabesse E, de Matos RRC, Silva MLM, Bomken S, Katsibardi K, Keernik M, Grardel N, Mason J, Price R, Kim J, Eckert C, Lo Nigro L, Bueno C, Menendez P, Zur Stadt U, Gameiro P, Sedék L, Szczepański T, Bidet A, Marcu V, Shichrur K, Izraeli S, Madsen HO, Schäfer BW, Kubetzko S, Kim R, Clappier E, Trautmann H, Brüggemann M, Archer P, Hancock J, Alten J, Möricke A, Stanulla M, Lentes J, Bergmann AK, Strehl S, Köhrer S, Nebral K, Dworzak MN, Haas OA, Arfeuille C, Caye-Eude A, Cavé H, Marschalek R. The KMT2A recombinome of acute leukemias in 2023. Leukemia 2023; 37:988-1005. [PMID: 37019990 PMCID: PMC10169636 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-023-01877-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
Chromosomal rearrangements of the human KMT2A/MLL gene are associated with de novo as well as therapy-induced infant, pediatric, and adult acute leukemias. Here, we present the data obtained from 3401 acute leukemia patients that have been analyzed between 2003 and 2022. Genomic breakpoints within the KMT2A gene and the involved translocation partner genes (TPGs) and KMT2A-partial tandem duplications (PTDs) were determined. Including the published data from the literature, a total of 107 in-frame KMT2A gene fusions have been identified so far. Further 16 rearrangements were out-of-frame fusions, 18 patients had no partner gene fused to 5'-KMT2A, two patients had a 5'-KMT2A deletion, and one ETV6::RUNX1 patient had an KMT2A insertion at the breakpoint. The seven most frequent TPGs and PTDs account for more than 90% of all recombinations of the KMT2A, 37 occur recurrently and 63 were identified so far only once. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the KMT2A recombinome in acute leukemia patients. Besides the scientific gain of information, genomic breakpoint sequences of these patients were used to monitor minimal residual disease (MRD). Thus, this work may be directly translated from the bench to the bedside of patients and meet the clinical needs to improve patient survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Meyer
- DCAL/Institute of Pharm. Biology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - P Larghero
- DCAL/Institute of Pharm. Biology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - B Almeida Lopes
- DCAL/Institute of Pharm. Biology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
- Instituto Nacional de Câncer (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - T Burmeister
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Dept. of Hematology, Oncology and Tumor Immunology, Berlin, Germany
| | - D Gröger
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Dept. of Hematology, Oncology and Tumor Immunology, Berlin, Germany
| | - R Sutton
- Molecular Diagnostics, Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - N C Venn
- Molecular Diagnostics, Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - G Cazzaniga
- Tettamanti Research Center, Pediatrics, University of Milano-Bicocca/Fondazione Tettamanti, Monza, Italy
| | - L Corral Abascal
- Tettamanti Research Center, Pediatrics, University of Milano-Bicocca/Fondazione Tettamanti, Monza, Italy
| | - G Tsaur
- Regional Children's Hospital, Ekaterinburg, Russian Federation; Research Institute of Medical Cell Technologies, Ekaterinburg, Russian Federation
| | - L Fechina
- Regional Children's Hospital, Ekaterinburg, Russian Federation; Research Institute of Medical Cell Technologies, Ekaterinburg, Russian Federation
| | - M Emerenciano
- Instituto Nacional de Câncer (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - T Lund-Aho
- Laboratory of Clinical Genetics, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
| | - T Lundán
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Division, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - M Montonen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Division, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - V Juvonen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Division, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - J Zuna
- CLIP, Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - J Trka
- CLIP, Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - P Ballerini
- Biological Hematology, AP-HP A. Trousseau, Pierre et Marie Curie University, Paris, France
| | - H Lapillonne
- Biological Hematology, AP-HP A. Trousseau, Pierre et Marie Curie University, Paris, France
| | - V H J Van der Velden
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - E Sonneveld
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - E Delabesse
- Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse, Toulouse Cedex 9, France
| | - R R C de Matos
- Cytogenetics Department, Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, National Cancer Institute (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - M L M Silva
- Cytogenetics Department, Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, National Cancer Institute (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - S Bomken
- Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - K Katsibardi
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "Aghia Sophia" Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - M Keernik
- Genetics and Personalized Medicine Clinic, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia
| | - N Grardel
- Department of Hematology, CHU Lille, France
| | - J Mason
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University and the Great North Children's West Midlands Regional Genetics Laboratory, Birmingham Women's and Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Mindelsohn Way, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - R Price
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University and the Great North Children's West Midlands Regional Genetics Laboratory, Birmingham Women's and Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Mindelsohn Way, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - J Kim
- DCAL/Institute of Pharm. Biology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Wonju Severance Christian Hospital, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - C Eckert
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, Berlin, Germany
| | - L Lo Nigro
- Centro di Riferimento Regionale di Ematologia ed Oncologia Pediatrica, Azienda Policlinico "G. Rodolico", Catania, Italy
| | - C Bueno
- Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute. Barcelona, Spanish Network for Advanced Therapies (RICORS-TERAV, ISCIII); Spanish Collaborative Cancer Network (CIBERONC. ISCIII); University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute. Barcelona, Spanish Network for Advanced Therapies (RICORS-TERAV, ISCIII); Spanish Collaborative Cancer Network (CIBERONC. ISCIII); Department of Biomedicine. University of Barcelona; and Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - P Menendez
- Centro di Riferimento Regionale di Ematologia ed Oncologia Pediatrica, Azienda Policlinico "G. Rodolico", Catania, Italy
| | - U Zur Stadt
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology and CoALL Study Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - P Gameiro
- Instituto Português de Oncologia, Departament of Hematology, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - L Sedék
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Silesia, Zabrze, Poland
| | - T Szczepański
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Silesia, Zabrze, Poland
| | - A Bidet
- Laboratoire d'Hématologie Biologique, CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - V Marcu
- Hematology Laboratory, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - K Shichrur
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - S Izraeli
- Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Schneider Children's Medical Center, Petah Tikva, and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - H O Madsen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - B W Schäfer
- Division of Oncology and Children's Research Centre, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - S Kubetzko
- Division of Oncology and Children's Research Centre, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - R Kim
- Hematology Laboratory, Saint Louis Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM/CNRS U944/UMR7212, Institut de recherche Saint-Louis, Paris, France
| | - E Clappier
- Hematology Laboratory, Saint Louis Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM/CNRS U944/UMR7212, Institut de recherche Saint-Louis, Paris, France
| | - H Trautmann
- Laboratory for Specialized Hematological Diagnostics, Medical Department II, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - M Brüggemann
- Laboratory for Specialized Hematological Diagnostics, Medical Department II, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - P Archer
- Bristol Genetics Laboratory, North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - J Hancock
- Bristol Genetics Laboratory, North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - J Alten
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - A Möricke
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - M Stanulla
- Department of Pediatrics, MHH, Hanover, Germany
| | - J Lentes
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical School Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - A K Bergmann
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical School Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - S Strehl
- St. Anna Children's Cancer Research Institute (CCRI), Vienna, Austria
| | - S Köhrer
- St. Anna Children's Cancer Research Institute (CCRI), Vienna, Austria
- Labdia Labordiagnostik, Vienna, Austria
| | - K Nebral
- St. Anna Children's Cancer Research Institute (CCRI), Vienna, Austria
- Labdia Labordiagnostik, Vienna, Austria
| | - M N Dworzak
- St. Anna Children's Cancer Research Institute (CCRI), Vienna, Austria
- Labdia Labordiagnostik, Vienna, Austria
- St. Anna Children's Hospital, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - O A Haas
- St. Anna Children's Cancer Research Institute (CCRI), Vienna, Austria
- Labdia Labordiagnostik, Vienna, Austria
- St. Anna Children's Hospital, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - C Arfeuille
- Genetics Department, AP-HP, Hopital Robert Debré, Paris, France
| | - A Caye-Eude
- Genetics Department, AP-HP, Hopital Robert Debré, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm U1131, Institut de recherche Saint-Louis, Paris, France
| | - H Cavé
- Genetics Department, AP-HP, Hopital Robert Debré, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm U1131, Institut de recherche Saint-Louis, Paris, France
| | - R Marschalek
- DCAL/Institute of Pharm. Biology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany.
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11
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Külp M, Larghero P, Alten J, Cario G, Eckert C, Caye-Eude A, Cavé H, Schmachtel T, Bardini M, Cazzaniga G, De Lorenzo P, Valsecchi MG, Bonig H, Meyer C, Rieger MA, Marschalek R. The EGR3 regulome of infant KMT2A-r acute lymphoblastic leukemia identifies differential expression of B-lineage genes predictive for outcome. Leukemia 2023:10.1038/s41375-023-01895-z. [PMID: 37100882 PMCID: PMC10132433 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-023-01895-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
KMT2A-rearranged acute lymphoblastic infant leukemia (KMT2A-r iALL) is associated with outsize risk of relapse and relapse mortality. We previously reported strong upregulation of the immediate early gene EGR3 in KMT2A::AFF1 iALL at relapse; now we provide analyses of the EGR3 regulome, which we assessed through binding and expression target analysis of an EGR3-overexpressing t(4;11) cell culture model. Our data identify EGR3 as a regulator of early B-lineage commitment. Principal component analysis of 50 KMT2A-r iALL patients at diagnosis and 18 at relapse provided strictly dichotomous separation of patients based on the expression of four B-lineage genes. Absence of B-lineage gene expression translates to more than two-fold poorer long-term event-free survival. In conclusion, our study presents four B-lineage genes with prognostic significance, suitable for gene expression-based risk stratification of KMT2A-r iALL patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius Külp
- Diagnostic Center of Acute Leukemia (DCAL), Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
- Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, Goethe University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Patrizia Larghero
- Diagnostic Center of Acute Leukemia (DCAL), Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Julia Alten
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Germany
| | - Gunnar Cario
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Germany
| | - Cornelia Eckert
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Aurélie Caye-Eude
- Genetics Department, AP-HP, Hôpital Robert Debré, F-75019, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm U1131, Institut de recherche Saint-Louis, F-75010, Paris, France
| | - Hélène Cavé
- Genetics Department, AP-HP, Hôpital Robert Debré, F-75019, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm U1131, Institut de recherche Saint-Louis, F-75010, Paris, France
| | - Tessa Schmachtel
- Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, Goethe University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Michela Bardini
- Centro Ricerca Tettamanti, Pediatrics, University of Milan-Bicocca, Fondazione Monza e Brianza per il Bambino e la sua Mamma (MBBM)/San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
| | - Giovanni Cazzaniga
- Centro Ricerca Tettamanti, Pediatrics, University of Milan-Bicocca, Fondazione Monza e Brianza per il Bambino e la sua Mamma (MBBM)/San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
- Genetics, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Paola De Lorenzo
- Statistical Section, Pediatric Clinic, University of Milan-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Valsecchi
- Center of Bioinformatics, Biostatistics and Bioimaging, University of Milan-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Halvard Bonig
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Immunohematology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- German Red Cross Blood Service Baden-Württemberg-Hessen, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Claus Meyer
- Diagnostic Center of Acute Leukemia (DCAL), Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Michael A Rieger
- Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, Goethe University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKZF), Heidelberg, Germany
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Rolf Marschalek
- Diagnostic Center of Acute Leukemia (DCAL), Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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12
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Khan AO, Rodriguez-Romera A, Reyat JS, Olijnik AA, Colombo M, Wang G, Wen WX, Sousos N, Murphy LC, Grygielska B, Perrella G, Mahony CB, Ling RE, Elliott NE, Karali CS, Stone AP, Kemble S, Cutler EA, Fielding AK, Croft AP, Bassett D, Poologasundarampillai G, Roy A, Gooding S, Rayes J, Machlus KR, Psaila B. Human Bone Marrow Organoids for Disease Modeling, Discovery, and Validation of Therapeutic Targets in Hematologic Malignancies. Cancer Discov 2023; 13:364-385. [PMID: 36351055 PMCID: PMC9900323 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-22-0199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A lack of models that recapitulate the complexity of human bone marrow has hampered mechanistic studies of normal and malignant hematopoiesis and the validation of novel therapies. Here, we describe a step-wise, directed-differentiation protocol in which organoids are generated from induced pluripotent stem cells committed to mesenchymal, endothelial, and hematopoietic lineages. These 3D structures capture key features of human bone marrow-stroma, lumen-forming sinusoids, and myeloid cells including proplatelet-forming megakaryocytes. The organoids supported the engraftment and survival of cells from patients with blood malignancies, including cancer types notoriously difficult to maintain ex vivo. Fibrosis of the organoid occurred following TGFβ stimulation and engraftment with myelofibrosis but not healthy donor-derived cells, validating this platform as a powerful tool for studies of malignant cells and their interactions within a human bone marrow-like milieu. This enabling technology is likely to accelerate the discovery and prioritization of novel targets for bone marrow disorders and blood cancers. SIGNIFICANCE We present a human bone marrow organoid that supports the growth of primary cells from patients with myeloid and lymphoid blood cancers. This model allows for mechanistic studies of blood cancers in the context of their microenvironment and provides a much-needed ex vivo tool for the prioritization of new therapeutics. See related commentary by Derecka and Crispino, p. 263. This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 247.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah O. Khan
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Vincent Drive, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine and National Institute of Health Research (NIHR) Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Antonio Rodriguez-Romera
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine and National Institute of Health Research (NIHR) Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Jasmeet S. Reyat
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Vincent Drive, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Aude-Anais Olijnik
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine and National Institute of Health Research (NIHR) Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Michela Colombo
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine and National Institute of Health Research (NIHR) Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Guanlin Wang
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine and National Institute of Health Research (NIHR) Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Centre for Computational Biology, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Wei Xiong Wen
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine and National Institute of Health Research (NIHR) Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Centre for Computational Biology, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Nikolaos Sousos
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine and National Institute of Health Research (NIHR) Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Cancer and Haematology Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Lauren C. Murphy
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine and National Institute of Health Research (NIHR) Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Beata Grygielska
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Vincent Drive, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Gina Perrella
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Vincent Drive, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher B. Mahony
- Rheumatology Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca E. Ling
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Department of Paediatrics and National Institute of Health Research (NIHR) Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Natalina E. Elliott
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Department of Paediatrics and National Institute of Health Research (NIHR) Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Christina Simoglou Karali
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine and National Institute of Health Research (NIHR) Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew P. Stone
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Samuel Kemble
- Rheumatology Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Emily A. Cutler
- University College London Cancer Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Adam P. Croft
- Rheumatology Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - David Bassett
- Healthcare Technologies Institute, School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | | | - Anindita Roy
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Department of Paediatrics and National Institute of Health Research (NIHR) Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Gooding
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine and National Institute of Health Research (NIHR) Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Cancer and Haematology Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Julie Rayes
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Vincent Drive, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Kellie R. Machlus
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Bethan Psaila
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine and National Institute of Health Research (NIHR) Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Cancer and Haematology Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom
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13
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Tamai M, Fujisawa S, Nguyen TTT, Komatsu C, Kagami K, Kamimoto K, Omachi K, Kasai S, Harama D, Watanabe A, Akahane K, Goi K, Naka K, Kaname T, Teshima T, Inukai T. Creation of Philadelphia chromosome by CRISPR/Cas9-mediated double cleavages on BCR and ABL1 genes as a model for initial event in leukemogenesis. Cancer Gene Ther 2023; 30:38-50. [PMID: 35999358 PMCID: PMC9842507 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-022-00522-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The Philadelphia (Ph) chromosome was the first translocation identified in leukemia. It is supposed to be generated by aberrant ligation between two DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) at the BCR gene located on chromosome 9q34 and the ABL1 gene located on chromosome 22q11. Thus, mimicking the initiation process of translocation, we induced CRISPR/Cas9-mediated DSBs simultaneously at the breakpoints of the BCR and ABL1 genes in a granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) dependent human leukemia cell line. After transfection of two single guide RNAs (sgRNAs) targeting intron 13 of the BCR gene and intron 1 of the ABL1 gene, a factor-independent subline was obtained. In the subline, p210 BCR::ABL1 and its reciprocal ABL1::BCR fusions were generated as a result of balanced translocation corresponding to the Ph chromosome. Another set of sgRNAs targeting intron 1 of the BCR gene and intron 1 of the ABL1 gene induced a factor-independent subline expressing p190 BCR::ABL1. Both p210 and p190 BCR::ABL1 induced factor-independent growth by constitutively activating intracellular signaling pathways for transcriptional regulation of cell cycle progression and cell survival that are usually regulated by GM-CSF. These observations suggested that simultaneous DSBs at the BCR and ABL1 gene breakpoints are initiation events for oncogenesis in Ph+ leukemia. (200/200 words).
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Affiliation(s)
- Minori Tamai
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan.
| | - Shinichi Fujisawa
- Division of Laboratory and Transfusion Medicine, Hokkaido University Hospital, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Thao T T Nguyen
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Chiaki Komatsu
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Keiko Kagami
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Kenji Kamimoto
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Kohei Omachi
- Division of Nephrology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Shin Kasai
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Daisuke Harama
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Atsushi Watanabe
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Koshi Akahane
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Kumiko Goi
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Kazuhito Naka
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Tadashi Kaname
- Department of Genome Medicine, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takanori Teshima
- Division of Laboratory and Transfusion Medicine, Hokkaido University Hospital, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Takeshi Inukai
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
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14
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Maetzig T, Lieske A, Dörpmund N, Rothe M, Kleppa MJ, Dziadek V, Hassan JJ, Dahlke J, Borchert D, Schambach A. Real-Time Characterization of Clonal Fate Decisions in Complex Leukemia Samples by Fluorescent Genetic Barcoding. Cells 2022; 11:cells11244045. [PMID: 36552809 PMCID: PMC9776743 DOI: 10.3390/cells11244045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Clonal heterogeneity in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) forms the basis for treatment failure and relapse. Attempts to decipher clonal evolution and clonal competition primarily depend on deep sequencing approaches. However, this prevents the experimental confirmation of the identified disease-relevant traits on the same cell material. Here, we describe the development and application of a complex fluorescent genetic barcoding (cFGB) lentiviral vector system for the labeling and subsequent multiplex tracking of up to 48 viable AML clones by flow cytometry. This approach allowed the visualization of longitudinal changes in the in vitro growth behavior of multiplexed color-coded AML clones for up to 137 days. Functional studies of flow cytometry-enriched clones documented their stably inherited increase in competitiveness, despite the absence of growth-promoting mutations in exome sequencing data. Transplantation of aliquots of a color-coded AML cell mix into mice revealed the initial engraftment of similar clones and their subsequent differential distribution in the animals over time. Targeted RNA-sequencing of paired pre-malignant and de novo expanded clones linked gene sets associated with Myc-targets, embryonic stem cells, and RAS signaling to the foundation of clonal expansion. These results demonstrate the potency of cFGB-mediated clonal tracking for the deconvolution of verifiable driver-mechanisms underlying clonal selection in leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Maetzig
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-511-532-7808
| | - Anna Lieske
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Nicole Dörpmund
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Michael Rothe
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Marc-Jens Kleppa
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Violetta Dziadek
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Jacob Jalil Hassan
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Julia Dahlke
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Dorit Borchert
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Axel Schambach
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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15
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Godfrey LC, Rodriguez-Meira A. Viewing AML through a New Lens: Technological Advances in the Study of Epigenetic Regulation. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14235989. [PMID: 36497471 PMCID: PMC9740143 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14235989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic modifications, such as histone modifications and DNA methylation, are essential for ensuring the dynamic control of gene regulation in every cell type. These modifications are associated with gene activation or repression, depending on the genomic context and specific type of modification. In both cases, they are deposited and removed by epigenetic modifier proteins. In acute myeloid leukemia (AML), the function of these proteins is perturbed through genetic mutations (i.e., in the DNA methylation machinery) or translocations (i.e., MLL-rearrangements) arising during leukemogenesis. This can lead to an imbalance in the epigenomic landscape, which drives aberrant gene expression patterns. New technological advances, such as CRISPR editing, are now being used to precisely model genetic mutations and chromosomal translocations. In addition, high-precision epigenomic editing using dCas9 or CRISPR base editing are being used to investigate the function of epigenetic mechanisms in gene regulation. To interrogate these mechanisms at higher resolution, advances in single-cell techniques have begun to highlight the heterogeneity of epigenomic landscapes and how these impact on gene expression within different AML populations in individual cells. Combined, these technologies provide a new lens through which to study the role of epigenetic modifications in normal hematopoiesis and how the underlying mechanisms can be hijacked in the context of malignancies such as AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura C. Godfrey
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Correspondence: (L.C.G.); (A.R.-M.)
| | - Alba Rodriguez-Meira
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK
- Correspondence: (L.C.G.); (A.R.-M.)
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16
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Bigas A, Galán Palma L, Kartha GM, Giorgetti A. Using Pluripotent Stem Cells to Understand Normal and Leukemic Hematopoietic Development. Stem Cells Transl Med 2022; 11:1123-1134. [PMID: 36398586 PMCID: PMC9672852 DOI: 10.1093/stcltm/szac071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Several decades have passed since the generation of the first embryonic stem cell (ESC) lines both in mice and in humans. Since then, stem cell biologists have tried to understand their potential biological and clinical uses for their implementation in regenerative medicine. The hematopoietic field was a pioneer in establishing the potential use for the development of blood cell products and clinical applications; however, early expectations have been truncated by the difficulty in generating bonafide hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Despite some progress in understanding the origin of HSCs during embryonic development, the reproduction of this process in vitro is still not possible, but the knowledge acquired in the embryo is slowly being implemented for mouse and human pluripotent stem cells (PSCs). In contrast, ESC-derived hematopoietic cells may recapitulate some leukemic transformation processes when exposed to oncogenic drivers. This would be especially useful to model prenatal leukemia development or other leukemia-predisposing syndromes, which are difficult to study. In this review, we will review the state of the art of the use of PSCs as a model for hematopoietic and leukemia development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Bigas
- Program in Cancer Research, Institut Hospital del Mar d’Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), CIBERONC, Barcelona, Spain
- Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute (IJC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luis Galán Palma
- Program in Cancer Research, Institut Hospital del Mar d’Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), CIBERONC, Barcelona, Spain
- Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute (IJC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gayathri M Kartha
- Program in Cancer Research, Institut Hospital del Mar d’Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), CIBERONC, Barcelona, Spain
- Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute (IJC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alessandra Giorgetti
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Barcelona University, Barcelona, Spain
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17
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Okuda H, Miyamoto R, Takahashi S, Kawamura T, Ichikawa J, Harada I, Tamura T, Yokoyama A. RNA-binding proteins of KHDRBS and IGF2BP families control the oncogenic activity of MLL-AF4. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6688. [PMID: 36335100 PMCID: PMC9637093 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34558-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromosomal translocation generates the MLL-AF4 fusion gene, which causes acute leukemia of multiple lineages. MLL-AF4 is a strong oncogenic driver that induces leukemia without additional mutations and is the most common cause of pediatric leukemia. However, establishment of a murine disease model via retroviral transduction has been difficult owning to a lack of understanding of its regulatory mechanisms. Here, we show that MLL-AF4 protein is post-transcriptionally regulated by RNA-binding proteins, including those of KHDRBS and IGF2BP families. MLL-AF4 translation is inhibited by ribosomal stalling, which occurs at regulatory sites containing AU-rich sequences recognized by KHDRBSs. Synonymous mutations disrupting the association of KHDRBSs result in proper translation of MLL-AF4 and leukemic transformation. Consequently, the synonymous MLL-AF4 mutant induces leukemia in vivo. Our results reveal that post-transcriptional regulation critically controls the oncogenic activity of MLL-AF4; these findings might be valuable in developing novel therapies via modulation of the activity of RNA-binding proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Okuda
- grid.272242.30000 0001 2168 5385Tsuruoka Metabolomics Laboratory, National Cancer Center, Tsuruoka, Yamagata Japan ,grid.268441.d0000 0001 1033 6139Department of Immunology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa Japan
| | - Ryo Miyamoto
- grid.272242.30000 0001 2168 5385Tsuruoka Metabolomics Laboratory, National Cancer Center, Tsuruoka, Yamagata Japan
| | - Satoshi Takahashi
- grid.272242.30000 0001 2168 5385Tsuruoka Metabolomics Laboratory, National Cancer Center, Tsuruoka, Yamagata Japan ,grid.258799.80000 0004 0372 2033Department of Hematology and Oncology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Kyoto Japan
| | - Takeshi Kawamura
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XResearch Center for Advanced Science and Technology (RCAST), The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo Japan
| | - Juri Ichikawa
- grid.268441.d0000 0001 1033 6139Department of Immunology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa Japan
| | - Ibuki Harada
- grid.268441.d0000 0001 1033 6139Department of Immunology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa Japan
| | - Tomohiko Tamura
- grid.268441.d0000 0001 1033 6139Department of Immunology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa Japan ,grid.268441.d0000 0001 1033 6139Advanced Medical Research Center, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Kanagawa Japan
| | - Akihiko Yokoyama
- grid.272242.30000 0001 2168 5385Tsuruoka Metabolomics Laboratory, National Cancer Center, Tsuruoka, Yamagata Japan ,grid.272242.30000 0001 2168 5385National Cancer Center Research Institute, Chuo, Tokyo Japan
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18
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Pilheden M, Ahlgren L, Hyrenius-Wittsten A, Gonzalez-Pena V, Sturesson H, Hansen Marquart HV, Lausen B, Castor A, Pronk CJ, Barbany G, Pokrovskaja Tamm K, Fogelstrand L, Lohi O, Norén-Nyström U, Asklin J, Chen Y, Song G, Walsh M, Ma J, Zhang J, Saal LH, Gawad C, Hagström-Andersson AK. Duplex Sequencing Uncovers Recurrent Low-frequency Cancer-associated Mutations in Infant and Childhood KMT2A-rearranged Acute Leukemia. Hemasphere 2022; 6:e785. [PMID: 36204688 PMCID: PMC9529062 DOI: 10.1097/hs9.0000000000000785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Infant acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) with KMT2A-gene rearrangements (KMT2A-r) have few mutations and a poor prognosis. To uncover mutations that are below the detection of standard next-generation sequencing (NGS), a combination of targeted duplex sequencing and NGS was applied on 20 infants and 7 children with KMT2A-r ALL, 5 longitudinal and 6 paired relapse samples. Of identified nonsynonymous mutations, 87 had been previously implicated in cancer and targeted genes recurrently altered in KMT2A-r leukemia and included mutations in KRAS, NRAS, FLT3, TP53, PIK3CA, PAX5, PIK3R1, and PTPN11, with infants having fewer such mutations. Of identified cancer-associated mutations, 62% were below the resolution of standard NGS. Only 33 of 87 mutations exceeded 2% of cellular prevalence and most-targeted PI3K/RAS genes (31/33) and typically KRAS/NRAS. Five patients only had low-frequency PI3K/RAS mutations without a higher-frequency signaling mutation. Further, drug-resistant clones with FLT3 D835H or NRAS G13D/G12S mutations that comprised only 0.06% to 0.34% of diagnostic cells, expanded at relapse. Finally, in longitudinal samples, the relapse clone persisted as a minor subclone from diagnosis and through treatment before expanding during the last month of disease. Together, we demonstrate that infant and childhood KMT2A-r ALL harbor low-frequency cancer-associated mutations, implying a vast subclonal genetic landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattias Pilheden
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Louise Ahlgren
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Axel Hyrenius-Wittsten
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Veronica Gonzalez-Pena
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Helena Sturesson
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Birgitte Lausen
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders Castor
- Childhood Cancer Center, Skane University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Gisela Barbany
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Linda Fogelstrand
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Olli Lohi
- Tampere Center for Child, Adolescent and Maternal Health Research and Tays Cancer Center, Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | | | | | | | - Guangchun Song
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Michael Walsh
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Jing Ma
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Jinghui Zhang
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Lao H. Saal
- SAGA Diagnostics, Lund, Sweden
- Division of Oncology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Charles Gawad
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Anna K. Hagström-Andersson
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Center for Translational Genomics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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19
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Panobinostat (LBH589) increase survival in adult xenografic model of acute lymphoblastic leukemia with t(4;11) but promotes antagonistic effects in combination with MTX and 6MP. MEDICAL ONCOLOGY (NORTHWOOD, LONDON, ENGLAND) 2022; 39:216. [PMID: 36175721 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-022-01813-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Patients diagnosed with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) bearing t(4;11)/MLL-AF4 have aggressive clinical features, poor prognosis and there is an urgent need for new therapies to improve outcomes. Panobinostat (LBH589) has been identified as a potential therapeutic agent for ALL with t(4;11) and studies suggest that the antineoplastic effects are associated with reduced MLL-AF4 fusion protein and reduced expression of HOX genes. Here, we evaluated the in vitro effects of the combination of LBH589 with methotrexate (MTX) or 6-mercaptopurine (6MP) by cell proliferation assays and Calcusyn software in ALL cell line (RS4;11); the in vivo effects of LBH589 in xenotransplanted NOD-scid IL2Rgammanull mice measuring human lymphoblasts by flow cytometry; and the expression of HOX genes by qPCR after treatment in an adult model of ALL with t(4;11). LBH589 combination with MTX or 6MP did not promote synergistic effects in RS4;11 cell line. LBH589 treatment leads to increased overall survival and reduction of blasts in xenotransplanted mice but caused no significant changes in HOXA7, HOXA9, HOXA10, and MEIS1 expression. The LBH589, alone, showed promising antineoplastic effects in vivo and may represent a potential agent for chemotherapy in ALL patients with t(4;11).
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20
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Uthamacumaran A. Dissecting cell fate dynamics in pediatric glioblastoma through the lens of complex systems and cellular cybernetics. BIOLOGICAL CYBERNETICS 2022; 116:407-445. [PMID: 35678918 DOI: 10.1007/s00422-022-00935-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Cancers are complex dynamic ecosystems. Reductionist approaches to science are inadequate in characterizing their self-organized patterns and collective emergent behaviors. Since current approaches to single-cell analysis in cancer systems rely primarily on single time-point multiomics, many of the temporal features and causal adaptive behaviors in cancer dynamics are vastly ignored. As such, tools and concepts from the interdisciplinary paradigm of complex systems theory are introduced herein to decode the cellular cybernetics of cancer differentiation dynamics and behavioral patterns. An intuition for the attractors and complex networks underlying cancer processes such as cell fate decision-making, multiscale pattern formation systems, and epigenetic state-transitions is developed. The applications of complex systems physics in paving targeted therapies and causal pattern discovery in precision oncology are discussed. Pediatric high-grade gliomas are discussed as a model-system to demonstrate that cancers are complex adaptive systems, in which the emergence and selection of heterogeneous cellular states and phenotypic plasticity are driven by complex multiscale network dynamics. In specific, pediatric glioblastoma (GBM) is used as a proof-of-concept model to illustrate the applications of the complex systems framework in understanding GBM cell fate decisions and decoding their adaptive cellular dynamics. The scope of these tools in forecasting cancer cell fate dynamics in the emerging field of computational oncology and patient-centered systems medicine is highlighted.
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21
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Külp M, Siemund AL, Larghero P, Dietz A, Alten J, Cario G, Eckert C, Caye-Eude A, Cavé H, Bardini M, Cazzaniga G, De Lorenzo P, Valsecchi MG, Diehl L, Bonig H, Meyer C, Marschalek R. The immune checkpoint ICOSLG is a relapse-predicting biomarker and therapeutic target in infant t(4;11) acute lymphoblastic leukemia. iScience 2022; 25:104613. [PMID: 35800767 PMCID: PMC9253708 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The most frequent genetic aberration leading to infant ALL (iALL) is the chromosomal translocation t(4;11), generating the fusion oncogenes KMT2A:AFF1 and AFF1:KMT2A, respectively. KMT2A-r iALL displays a dismal prognosis through high relapse rates and relapse-associated mortality. Relapse occurs frequently despite ongoing chemotherapy and without the accumulation of secondary mutations. A rational explanation for the observed chemo-resistance and satisfactory treatment options remain to be elucidated. We found that elevated ICOSLG expression level at diagnosis was associated with inferior event free survival (EFS) in a cohort of 43 patients with t(4;-11) iALL and that a cohort of 18 patients with iALL at relapse displayed strongly increased ICOSLG expression. Furthermore, co-culturing t(4;11) ALL cells (ICOSLGhi) with primary T-cells resulted in the development of Tregs. This was impaired through treatment with a neutralizing ICOSLG antibody. These findings imply ICOSLG (1) as a relapse-predicting biomarker, and (2) as a therapeutic target involved in a potential immune evasion relapse-mechanism of infant t(4;11) ALL. Early growth response 3 (EGR3) is a direct transactivator of the immune checkpoint gene ICOSLG high ICOSLG expression at diagnosis is predictive for ALL relapse EGR3 and ICOSLG expressions are relapse-associated expression of ICOSLG on t(4;11) ALL cells leads to the rapid expansion of Tregs
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22
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Qin B, Dong X, Ding J. Neonatal congenital leukemia caused by several missense mutations and AFF1‑KMT2A fusion: A case report. Oncol Lett 2022; 24:283. [PMID: 35814831 PMCID: PMC9260735 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2022.13403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Neonatal leukemia, a congenital form of leukemia, is a rare and fatal disease occurring in the neonatal period. Its etiology and pathogenesis have remained to be fully elucidated and the clinical manifestations differ due to age variability. Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) occurring after birth indicates genetic abnormalities and possibly intrauterine exposure to radiation, drugs or other toxins. The present report described the case of a premature neonate without phenotypic signs of Down syndrome, but with an elevated white blood cell count, mainly pertaining to the monocytes of peripheral blood. At 31 weeks of gestation, delivery by Caesarean section was performed due to fetal distress; however, the infant died three days after birth. Further laboratory examination indicated pediatric myeloid leukemia. The present case report described a case of fetal AML. According to the results of peripheral blood smear and targeted-panel sequencing, 5 missense mutations with clinical significance and a novel AFF1-KMT2A fusion gene were detected, which may be the main causes of AML and death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Qin
- Clinical Laboratory, Shaoxing Women and Children's Hospital, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoqian Dong
- Clinical Laboratory, Shaoxing Women and Children's Hospital, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312000, P.R. China
| | - Jinlong Ding
- Clinical Laboratory, Shaoxing Women and Children's Hospital, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312000, P.R. China
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23
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Jassinskaja M, Hansson J. The Opportunity of Proteomics to Advance the Understanding of Intra- and Extracellular Regulation of Malignant Hematopoiesis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:824098. [PMID: 35350382 PMCID: PMC8957922 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.824098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fetal and adult hematopoiesis are regulated by largely distinct sets of cell-intrinsic gene regulatory networks as well as extracellular cues in their respective microenvironment. These ontogeny-specific programs drive hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) in fetus and adult to divergent susceptibility to initiation and progression of hematological malignancies, such as leukemia. Elucidating how leukemogenic hits disturb the intra- and extracellular programs in HSPCs along ontogeny will provide a better understanding of the causes for age-associated differences in malignant hematopoiesis and facilitate the improvement of strategies for prevention and treatment of pediatric and adult acute leukemia. Here, we review current knowledge of the intrinsic and extrinsic programs regulating normal and malignant hematopoiesis, with a particular focus on the differences between infant and adult acute leukemia. We discuss the recent advances in mass spectrometry-based proteomics and its opportunity for resolving the interplay of cell-intrinsic and niche-associated factors in regulating malignant hematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Jassinskaja
- Lund Stem Cell Center, Division of Molecular Hematology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,York Biomedical Research Institute, Department of Biology, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Jenny Hansson
- Lund Stem Cell Center, Division of Molecular Hematology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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24
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Watt SM, Hua P, Roberts I. Increasing Complexity of Molecular Landscapes in Human Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells during Development and Aging. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073675. [PMID: 35409034 PMCID: PMC8999121 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The past five decades have seen significant progress in our understanding of human hematopoiesis. This has in part been due to the unprecedented development of advanced technologies, which have allowed the identification and characterization of rare subsets of human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells and their lineage trajectories from embryonic through to adult life. Additionally, surrogate in vitro and in vivo models, although not fully recapitulating human hematopoiesis, have spurred on these scientific advances. These approaches have heightened our knowledge of hematological disorders and diseases and have led to their improved diagnosis and therapies. Here, we review human hematopoiesis at each end of the age spectrum, during embryonic and fetal development and on aging, providing exemplars of recent progress in deciphering the increasingly complex cellular and molecular hematopoietic landscapes in health and disease. This review concludes by highlighting links between chronic inflammation and metabolic and epigenetic changes associated with aging and in the development of clonal hematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne M. Watt
- Stem Cell Research, Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9BQ, UK
- Myeloma Research Laboratory, Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide 5005, Australia
- Cancer Program, Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide 5001, Australia
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +61-403-393-755
| | - Peng Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China;
| | - Irene Roberts
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, and NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre Haematology Theme, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK;
- Department of Paediatrics and NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre Haematology Theme, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
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