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Wang Z, Baskin JM, Baskin CC, Liu G, Ye X, Yang X, Huang Z. Soil salinity regulates spatial-temporal heterogeneity of seed germination and seedbank persistence of an annual diaspore-trimorphic halophyte in northern China. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:604. [PMID: 38926703 PMCID: PMC11201874 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05307-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Seed heteromorphism is a plant strategy that an individual plant produces two or more distinct types of diaspores, which have diverse morphology, dispersal ability, ecological functions and different effects on plant life history traits. The aim of this study was to test the effects of seasonal soil salinity and burial depth on the dynamics of dormancy/germination and persistence/depletion of buried trimorphic diaspores of a desert annual halophyte Atriplex centralasiatica. METHODS We investigated the effects of salinity and seasonal fluctuations of temperature on germination, recovery of germination and mortality of types A, B, C diaspores of A. centralasiatica in the laboratory and buried diaspores in situ at four soil salinities and three depths. Diaspores were collected monthly from the seedbank from December 2016 to November 2018, and the number of viable diaspores remaining (not depleted) and their germinability were determined. RESULTS Non-dormant type A diaspores were depleted in the low salinity "window" in the first year. Dormant diaspore types B and C germinated to high percentages at 0.3 and 0.1 mol L-1 soil salinity, respectively. High salinity and shallow burial delayed depletion of diaspore types B and C. High salinity delayed depletion time of the three diaspore types and delayed dormancy release of types B and C diaspores from autumn to spring. Soil salinity modified the response of diaspores in the seedbank by delaying seed dormancy release in autum and winter and by providing a low-salt concentration window for germination of non-dormant diaspores in spring and early summer. CONCLUSIONS Buried trimorphic diaspores of annual desert halophyte A. centralasiatica exhibited diverse dormancy/germination behavior in respond to seasonal soil salinity fluctuation. Prolonging persistence of the seedbank and delaying depletion of diaspores under salt stress in situ primarily is due to inhibition of dormancy-break. The differences in dormancy/germination and seed persistence in the soil seedbank may be a bet-hadging strategy adapted to stressful temporal and spatial heterogeneity, and allows A. centralasiatica to persist in the unpredictable cold desert enevironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoren Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Jerry M Baskin
- Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA
| | - Carol C Baskin
- Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40546, USA
| | - Guofang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Xuehua Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Xuejun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China.
| | - Zhenying Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China.
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Liu M, Jiang P, Chase JM, Liu X. Global insect herbivory and its response to climate change. Curr Biol 2024; 34:2558-2569.e3. [PMID: 38776900 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2024.04.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Herbivorous insects consume a large proportion of the energy flow in terrestrial ecosystems and play a major role in the dynamics of plant populations and communities. However, high-resolution, quantitative predictions of the global patterns of insect herbivory and their potential underlying drivers remain elusive. Here, we compiled and analyzed a dataset consisting of 9,682 records of the severity of insect herbivory from across natural communities worldwide to quantify its global patterns and environmental determinants. Global mapping revealed strong spatial variation in insect herbivory at the global scale, showing that insect herbivory did not significantly vary with latitude for herbaceous plants but increased with latitude for woody plants. We found that the cation-exchange capacity in soil was a main predictor of levels of herbivory on herbaceous plants, while climate largely determined herbivory on woody plants. We next used well-established scenarios for future climate change to forecast how spatial patterns of insect herbivory may be expected to change with climate change across the world. We project that herbivore pressure will intensify on herbaceous plants worldwide but would likely only increase in certain biomes (e.g., northern coniferous forests) for woody plants. Our assessment provides quantitative evidence of how environmental conditions shape the spatial pattern of insect herbivory, which enables a more accurate prediction of the vulnerabilities of plant communities and ecosystem functions in the Anthropocene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, 730000 Lanzhou, P.R. China
| | - Peixi Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, 730000 Lanzhou, P.R. China
| | - Jonathan M Chase
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig 04103, Germany; Institute of Computer Science, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale) 06099, Germany
| | - Xiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, 730000 Lanzhou, P.R. China.
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Li Y, Wang S, Yang Y, Ren L, Wang Z, Liao Y, Yong T. Global synthesis on the response of soil microbial necromass carbon to climate-smart agriculture. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2024; 30:e17302. [PMID: 38699927 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Climate-smart agriculture (CSA) supports the sustainability of crop production and food security, and benefiting soil carbon storage. Despite the critical importance of microorganisms in the carbon cycle, systematic investigations on the influence of CSA on soil microbial necromass carbon and its driving factors are still limited. We evaluated 472 observations from 73 peer-reviewed articles to show that, compared to conventional practice, CSA generally increased soil microbial necromass carbon concentrations by 18.24%. These benefits to soil microbial necromass carbon, as assessed by amino sugar biomarkers, are complex and influenced by a variety of soil, climatic, spatial, and biological factors. Changes in living microbial biomass are the most significant predictor of total, fungal, and bacterial necromass carbon affected by CSA; in 61.9%-67.3% of paired observations, the CSA measures simultaneously increased living microbial biomass and microbial necromass carbon. Land restoration and nutrient management therein largely promoted microbial necromass carbon storage, while cover crop has a minor effect. Additionally, the effects were directly influenced by elevation and mean annual temperature, and indirectly by soil texture and initial organic carbon content. In the optimal scenario, the potential global carbon accrual rate of CSA through microbial necromass is approximately 980 Mt C year-1, assuming organic amendment is included following conservation tillage and appropriate land restoration. In conclusion, our study suggests that increasing soil microbial necromass carbon through CSA provides a vital way of mitigating carbon loss. This emphasizes the invisible yet significant influence of soil microbial anabolic activity on global carbon dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yüze Li
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System/Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shengnan Wang
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Panzhihua University, Panzhihua, Sichuan, China
| | - Yali Yang
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Liang Ren
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Ziting Wang
- College of Agronomy, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Yuncheng Liao
- College of Agronomy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Jinzhong, China
| | - Taiwen Yong
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System/Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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4
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Zhang X, Wang Y, Wang J, Yu M, Zhang R, Mi Y, Xu J, Jiang R, Gao J. Elevation Influences Belowground Biomass Proportion in Forests by Affecting Climatic Factors, Soil Nutrients and Key Leaf Traits. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:674. [PMID: 38475521 DOI: 10.3390/plants13050674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Forest biomass allocation is a direct manifestation of biological adaptation to environmental changes. Studying the distribution patterns of forest biomass along elevational gradients is ecologically significant for understanding the specific impacts of global change on plant resource allocation strategies. While aboveground biomass has been extensively studied, research on belowground biomass remains relatively limited. Furthermore, the patterns and driving factors of the belowground biomass proportion (BGBP) along elevational gradients are still unclear. In this study, we investigated the specific influences of climatic factors, soil nutrients, and key leaf traits on the elevational pattern of BGBP using data from 926 forests at 94 sites across China. In this study, BGBP data were calculated from the root biomass to the depth of 50 cm. Our findings indicate considerable variability in forest BGBP at a macro scale, showing a significant increasing trend along elevational gradients (p < 0.01). BGBP significantly decreases with increasing temperature and precipitation and increases with annual mean evapotranspiration (MAE) (p < 0.01). It decreases significantly with increasing soil phosphorus content and increases with soil pH (p < 0.01). Key leaf traits (leaf nitrogen (LN) and leaf phosphorus (LP)) are positively correlated with BGBP. Climatic factors (R2 = 0.46) have the strongest explanatory power for the variation in BGBP along elevations, while soil factors (R2 = 0.10) and key leaf traits (R2 = 0.08) also play significant roles. Elevation impacts BGBP directly and also indirectly through influencing such as climate conditions, soil nutrient availability, and key leaf traits, with direct effects being more pronounced than indirect effects. This study reveals the patterns and controlling factors of forests' BGBP along elevational gradients, providing vital ecological insights into the impact of global change on plant resource allocation strategies and offering scientific guidance for ecosystem management and conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Zhang
- Key Laboratory for the Conservation and Regulation Biology of Species in Special Environments, College of Life Science, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi 830054, China
| | - Yun Wang
- Key Laboratory for the Conservation and Regulation Biology of Species in Special Environments, College of Life Science, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi 830054, China
| | - Jiangfeng Wang
- Key Laboratory for the Conservation and Regulation Biology of Species in Special Environments, College of Life Science, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi 830054, China
| | - Mengyao Yu
- Key Laboratory for the Conservation and Regulation Biology of Species in Special Environments, College of Life Science, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi 830054, China
| | - Ruizhi Zhang
- Key Laboratory for the Conservation and Regulation Biology of Species in Special Environments, College of Life Science, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi 830054, China
| | - Yila Mi
- Key Laboratory for the Conservation and Regulation Biology of Species in Special Environments, College of Life Science, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi 830054, China
| | - Jiali Xu
- Key Laboratory for the Conservation and Regulation Biology of Species in Special Environments, College of Life Science, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi 830054, China
| | - Ruifang Jiang
- Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region Forestry Planning Institute, Urumqi 830046, China
| | - Jie Gao
- Key Laboratory for the Conservation and Regulation Biology of Species in Special Environments, College of Life Science, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi 830054, China
- Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes of Ministry of Education, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100863, China
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Zhao F, Yang L, Yen H, Feng Q, Li M, Chen L. Reducing risks of antibiotics to crop production requires land system intensification within thresholds. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6094. [PMID: 37773228 PMCID: PMC10541423 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41258-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Land system intensification has substantially enhanced crop production; however, it has also created soil antibiotic pollution, undermining crop production. Here, we projected soil antibiotic pollution risks to crop production at multiple geographical scales in China and linked them to land system intensification (including arable land expansion and input increase). Our projections suggest that crop production will substantially decrease when the soil antibiotic pollution risk quotient exceeds 8.30-9.98. Land systems explain most of the variability in antibiotic pollution risks (21-66%) across spatial scales. The convex nonlinearities in tradeoffs between antibiotic pollution risk and crop production indicate that vegetable and wheat production have higher thresholds of land system intensification at which the risk-yield tradeoffs will peak than do maize and rice production. Our study suggests that land system intensification below the minimum thresholds at multiple scales is required for acceptable antibiotic pollution risks related to crop yield reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangkai Zhao
- School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Lei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Haw Yen
- School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
- Environmental Exposure Modeling, Bayer U.S. Crop Science Division, Chesterfield, MO, 63017, USA
| | - Qingyu Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Min Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Liding Chen
- School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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6
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Benitez-Malvido J. In Site Soil Seed-Banks: Size, Composition and Persistence across Tropical Successional Stages. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2760. [PMID: 37570914 PMCID: PMC10420881 DOI: 10.3390/plants12152760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
I investigated the size, composition and persistence of the seed-bank in primary forests, secondary forests and old-fields in southern Mexico. I also assessed the contribution of the seed-bank to regeneration relative to other propagule sources. In all habitats, I removed by hand all plants and litter and excluded the seed-rain. For one year, I counted the number of plant species (5-50 cm tall) emerged and grouped them into different growth-forms: trees, shrubs, palms, herbs, woody lianas, epiphytes and hemi-epiphytes. A total of 95 species emerged. The seed-bank size, composition and persistence showed strong variation among successional stages. Emergence was low for primary and secondary forests, but high for old-fields (19, 26, and 68 plants per m-2, respectively). Herbs were the most abundant in the seed-bank and palms the less. Time had a negative effect on seed-bank size in primary forests and old-fields; whereas for secondary forests size remained constant throughout the year. The number of emerged plants in different growth-forms changed significantly across time for all successional stages. Overall, the seed-bank provided a greater number of plants in old-fields relative to other propagule sources combined. The results showed that forest modification alters the input of propagules throughout the seed-bank for different plant growth-forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julieta Benitez-Malvido
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Antigua Carretera a Pátzcuaro No 8701, Col. Ex-Hacienda de San José de la Huerta, Morelia 58090, Mexico
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7
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Eskelinen A, Jessen MT, Bahamonde HA, Bakker JD, Borer ET, Caldeira MC, Harpole WS, Jia M, Lannes LS, Nogueira C, Olde Venterink H, Peri PL, Porath-Krause AJ, Seabloom EW, Schroeder K, Tognetti PM, Yasui SLE, Virtanen R, Sullivan LL. Herbivory and nutrients shape grassland soil seed banks. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3949. [PMID: 37402739 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39677-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Anthropogenic nutrient enrichment and shifts in herbivory can lead to dramatic changes in the composition and diversity of aboveground plant communities. In turn, this can alter seed banks in the soil, which are cryptic reservoirs of plant diversity. Here, we use data from seven Nutrient Network grassland sites on four continents, encompassing a range of climatic and environmental conditions, to test the joint effects of fertilization and aboveground mammalian herbivory on seed banks and on the similarity between aboveground plant communities and seed banks. We find that fertilization decreases plant species richness and diversity in seed banks, and homogenizes composition between aboveground and seed bank communities. Fertilization increases seed bank abundance especially in the presence of herbivores, while this effect is smaller in the absence of herbivores. Our findings highlight that nutrient enrichment can weaken a diversity maintaining mechanism in grasslands, and that herbivory needs to be considered when assessing nutrient enrichment effects on seed bank abundance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anu Eskelinen
- Ecology and Genetics Unit, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 3000, Oulu, Finland.
- Department of Physiological Diversity, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Puschstraße 4, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Puschstraße 4, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Maria-Theresa Jessen
- Department of Physiological Diversity, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Puschstraße 4, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Puschstraße 4, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Community Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Halle, Theodor-Lieser-Str. 4, 06120, Halle, Germany
| | - Hector A Bahamonde
- Faculty of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, National University of La Plata, Av. 60 y 119, La Plata, 1900, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jonathan D Bakker
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Box 354115, Seattle, WA, 98195-4115, USA
| | - Elizabeth T Borer
- University of Minnesota, Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, 140 Gortner Laboratory, 1479 Gortner Ave, St Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Maria C Caldeira
- Forest Research Centre, Associate Laboratory TERRA, School of Agriculture, University of Lisbon, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - W Stanley Harpole
- Department of Physiological Diversity, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Puschstraße 4, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Puschstraße 4, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, am Kirchtor 1, 06108, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Meiyu Jia
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Box 354115, Seattle, WA, 98195-4115, USA
- School of Water Resources & Environmental Engineering, East China University of Technology, Nanchang, 330013, China
- College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, No. 19 Xinjiekou Wai Street, Beijing City, 100875, China
| | - Luciola S Lannes
- Department of Biology and Animal Sciences, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Ilha Solteira, 01049-010, Brazil
| | - Carla Nogueira
- Forest Research Centre, Associate Laboratory TERRA, School of Agriculture, University of Lisbon, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Harry Olde Venterink
- Department of Biology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pablo L Peri
- National Institute of Agricultural Research (INTA), Southern Patagonia National University (UNPA), CONICET, Río Gallegos, (CP 9400), Santa Cruz, Argentina
| | - Anita J Porath-Krause
- University of Minnesota, Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, 140 Gortner Laboratory, 1479 Gortner Ave, St Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Eric W Seabloom
- University of Minnesota, Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, 140 Gortner Laboratory, 1479 Gortner Ave, St Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Katie Schroeder
- University of Minnesota, Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, 140 Gortner Laboratory, 1479 Gortner Ave, St Paul, MN, 55108, USA
- Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30603, USA
| | - Pedro M Tognetti
- IFEVA, University of Buenos Aires, CONICET, Facultad de Agronomía, Av. San Martin, 4453 C1417DSE, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zuercherstrasse 111, 8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Simone-Louise E Yasui
- Queensland University of Technology, School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Risto Virtanen
- Ecology and Genetics Unit, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 3000, Oulu, Finland
| | - Lauren L Sullivan
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- W. K. Kellogg Biological Station, Michigan State University, Hickory Corners, MI, 49060, USA
- Ecology, Evolution and Behavior Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
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Zhu G, Yue K, Ni X, Yuan C, Wu F. The types of microplastics, heavy metals, and adsorption environments control the microplastic adsorption capacity of heavy metals. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:80807-80816. [PMID: 37306875 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28131-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic development has released large amounts of microplastics (MPs), which are carriers of migratory heavy metals, into the environment, and heavy metal adsorption by MPs may have strong combined toxic effects on ecosystems. However, until now, a comprehensive understanding of the factors influencing these adsorption capacities of MPs has been lacking. Thus, we used 4984 experimental data points to systematically assess the factors influencing the adsorption strength of 8 types of MPs on 13 types of heavy metals. We found that (1) the types of MPs, heavy metals, and adsorption environments significantly impacted the heavy metal adsorption capacities of MPs; (2) polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) showed a higher adsorption capacity for lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) than did other MPs, by 2810.62 mg/kg and 2732.84 mg/kg, respectively; (3) the adsorption capacities of MPs for heavy metal were regulated by multiple variables, with heavy metal concentration, MP quality, solution amount, adsorption time, and pH being the most important; and (4) MPs had a higher adsorption capacity in aquatic environments (except for seawater) than which in soil environments. Overall, our study clearly showed that the types of heavy metals, adsorption environments, and MPs influenced the heavy metal adsorption capacities of MPs and may exacerbate their combined environmental toxicity, which would help better characterize the severity of MP pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiqing Zhu
- Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-Geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350117, China
| | - Kai Yue
- Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-Geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350117, China
- Fujian Sanming Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Sanming, 365002, China
| | - Xiangyin Ni
- Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-Geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350117, China
- Fujian Sanming Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Sanming, 365002, China
| | - Chaoxiang Yuan
- Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-Geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350117, China
| | - Fuzhong Wu
- Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-Geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350117, China.
- Fujian Sanming Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Sanming, 365002, China.
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9
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Wentao M, Shiming T, Le Q, Weibo R, Fry EL, De Long JR, Margerison RCP, Yuan C, Xiaomin L. Grazing reduces plant sexual reproduction but increases asexual reproduction: A global meta-analysis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 879:162850. [PMID: 36931513 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Grazing affects grasslands worldwide. However, the global patterns and general mechanisms of how grazing affects plant reproductive traits are poorly understood, especially in the context of different climates and grazing duration. We conducted a meta-analysis of 114 independent grazing studies worldwide that measured plant reproductive traits in grasslands. The results showed that the number of tillers of plant increased under grazing. Grazing did not affect the number of reproductive branches of forbs, but significantly reduced the number of reproductive branches of grasses. Grazing increased the number of vegetative branches of all plants and reduced the proportion of reproductive branches. Grazing significantly reduced the number of flowers in forbs. Seed yield in the two plant functional groups was reduced compared with no-grazing. Under grazing, the sexual reproduction of grasses decreased much more substantially than that of forbs. This may be due to biomass allocation pattern of grasses under grazing (i.e., belowground versus aboveground). Under grazing, plants tended to adopt rapid, low-input asexual reproduction rather than long-term, high-risk sexual reproduction. This study represents the first large-scale evaluation of plant reproductive trait responses under grazing and demonstrates that grazing inhibits sexual reproduction and promotes asexual reproduction. The effect of grazing on plant sexual reproduction was influenced by grazing intensity, mean annual precipitation, and grazing duration. These results will assist in the development of sustainable grazing management strategies to improve the balance between human welfare and grassland ecosystem health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Wentao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Ecology and Resource Use of the Mongolian Plateau & Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecology, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Tang Shiming
- Key Laboratory of Model Innovation in Forage Production Efficiency, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Grassland Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hohhot 010010, China
| | - Qi Le
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Ecology and Resource Use of the Mongolian Plateau & Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecology, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Ren Weibo
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Ecology and Resource Use of the Mongolian Plateau & Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecology, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China; Key Laboratory of Forage Breeding and Seed Production of Inner Mongolia, Inner Mongolia M-Grass Ecology and Environment (Group)Co., Ltd., Hohhot 010016, China.
| | - Ellen L Fry
- Department of Biology, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, Lancashire L39 4QP, UK
| | - Jonathan R De Long
- Department of Ecosystem and Landscape Dynamics, Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED-ELD), University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 94240, 1090 GE Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Reuben C P Margerison
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Chi Yuan
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Ecology and Resource Use of the Mongolian Plateau & Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecology, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Liu Xiaomin
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Ecology and Resource Use of the Mongolian Plateau & Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecology, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
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10
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Chen B, Ma J, Yang C, Xiao X, Kou W, Wu Z, Yun T, Zaw ZN, Nawan P, Sengprakhon R, Zhou J, Wang J, Sun R, Zhang X, Xie G, Lan G. Diversified land conversion deepens understanding of impacts of rapid rubber plantation expansion on plant diversity in the tropics. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 874:162505. [PMID: 36863580 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the status and changes of plant diversity in rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) plantations is essential for sustainable plantation management in the context of rapid rubber expansion in the tropics, but remains very limited at the continental scale. In this study, we investigated plant diversity from 10-meter quadrats in 240 different rubber plantations in the six countries of the Great Mekong Subregion (GMS)-where nearly half of the world's rubber plantations are located-and analyzed the influence of original land cover types and stand age on plant diversity using Landsat and Sentinel-2 satellite imagery since the late 1980s. The results indicate that the average plant species richness of rubber plantations is 28.69 ± 7.35 (1061 species in total, of which 11.22 % are invasive), approximating half the species richness of tropical forests but roughly double that of the intensively managed croplands. Time-series satellite imagery analysis revealed that rubber plantations were primarily established in place of cropland (RPC, 37.72 %), old rubber plantations (RPORP, 27.63 %), and tropical forests (RPTF, 24.12 %). Plant species richness in RPTF (34.02 ± 7.62) was significantly (p < 0.001) higher than that in RPORP (26.41 ± 7.02) and RPC (26.34 ± 5.37). More importantly, species richness can be maintained for the duration of the 30-year economic cycle, and the number of invasive species decreases as the stand ages. Given diverse land conversions and changes in stand age, the total loss of species richness due to rapid rubber expansion in the GMS was 7.29 %, which is far below the traditional estimates that only consider tropical forest conversion. In general, maintaining higher species richness at the earliest stages of cultivation has significant implications for biodiversity conservation in rubber plantations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bangqian Chen
- Rubber Research Institute (RRI), Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Hainan Danzhou Agro-ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Cultivation & Physiology of Tropical Crops, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Jun Ma
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Institute of biodiversity Science, Fudan University, No. 2005, Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Chuan Yang
- Rubber Research Institute (RRI), Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Hainan Danzhou Agro-ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Cultivation & Physiology of Tropical Crops, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Xiangming Xiao
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, Center for Earth Observation and Modeling, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA
| | - Weili Kou
- College of Big Data and Intelligent Engineering, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, Yunnan 650224, China
| | - Zhixiang Wu
- Rubber Research Institute (RRI), Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Hainan Danzhou Agro-ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Cultivation & Physiology of Tropical Crops, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Ting Yun
- School of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Zar Ni Zaw
- Myanmar Rubber Planters and Producers Association, Yangon 11131, Myanmar; Agricultural Innovation and Management Division, Faculty of Natural Resources, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Piyada Nawan
- Songkhla Rubber Research Center, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Ratchada Sengprakhon
- Rubber Research Institute of Thailand/Rubber Authority of Thailand, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Jiannan Zhou
- Rubber Research Institute (RRI), Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Hainan Danzhou Agro-ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Cultivation & Physiology of Tropical Crops, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Jikun Wang
- Rubber Research Institute (RRI), Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Hainan Danzhou Agro-ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Cultivation & Physiology of Tropical Crops, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Rui Sun
- Rubber Research Institute (RRI), Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Hainan Danzhou Agro-ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Cultivation & Physiology of Tropical Crops, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Xicai Zhang
- Rubber Research Institute (RRI), Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Hainan Danzhou Agro-ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Cultivation & Physiology of Tropical Crops, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Guishui Xie
- Rubber Research Institute (RRI), Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Hainan Danzhou Agro-ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Cultivation & Physiology of Tropical Crops, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Guoyu Lan
- Rubber Research Institute (RRI), Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Hainan Danzhou Agro-ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Cultivation & Physiology of Tropical Crops, Haikou 571101, China.
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11
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Du Z, Wang J, An H, Zhang H, Chen G. Responses of soil seed banks to drought on a global scale. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 864:161142. [PMID: 36572295 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.161142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The global increase in drought frequency and intensity in large areas has potentially important effects on soil seed banks (SSBs). However, a systematic evaluation of the impact of drought on SSBs at a global scale has not yet been well understood. We evaluated the effects of drought on SSBs and identified the association key drivers in the current meta-analysis. The overall effects of drought on soil seed density and richness were weak negative and positive, respectively. Drought significantly increased soil seed density by 11.94 % in forest ecosystem, whereas soil seed richness were significantly increased in vascular plants (7.39 %). Linear mixed-effect results showed that soil seed density and richness significantly reduced as increasing drought intensity. In addition, geography (altitude) has significance in controlling the lnRR of soil seed density by altering climate (mean annual precipitation, drought) and soil properties (pH, soil organic carbon, and clay content) in the structural equation model, whereas soil seed richness was controlled by geography (altitude, and latitude) via climate (mean annual precipitation). In summary, the results suggested the size of SSBs response to drought and its relationship with drought intensity in terrestrial ecosystems, it may shed light on ecosystem restoration, succession, and management using SSBs when estimating the future drought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyu Du
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 311400, China
| | - Jia Wang
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 311400, China
| | - Hui An
- School of Ecology and Environment, Ningxia University, Breeding Base for State Key Lab. of Land Degradation and Ecological Restoration in Northwestern China, Key Lab. of Restoration and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystems in Northwestern China of Ministry of Education, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Handan Zhang
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 311400, China
| | - Guangcai Chen
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 311400, China.
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12
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Xu S, Yuan Y, Song P, Cui M, Zhao R, Song X, Cao M, Zhang Y, Yang J. The spatial patterns of diversity and their relationships with environments in rhizosphere microorganisms and host plants differ along elevational gradients. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1079113. [PMID: 36910236 PMCID: PMC9996296 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1079113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Identifying spatial patterns of biodiversity along elevational gradients provides a unified framework for understanding these patterns and predicting ecological responses to climate change. Moreover, microorganisms and plants are closely interconnected (e.g., via the rhizosphere) and thus may share spatial patterns of diversity and show similar relationships with environments. Methods This study compared diversity patterns and relationships with environments in host plants and rhizosphere microorganisms (including various functional groups) along elevational gradients across three climatic zones. Results We found that above-and belowground diversity decreased monotonically or showed a hump-shaped or U-shaped pattern along elevation gradients. However, the diversity patterns of plants, bacteria, and fungi varied depending on the taxon and climatic zone. Temperature and humidity strongly contribute to above-and belowground diversity patterns and community composition along elevational gradients. Nonetheless, soil factors might be important regulators of diversity patterns and the community composition of plants and microorganisms along these gradients. Structural equation modeling revealed that environmental factors had a stronger direct effect on rhizosphere microbial diversity than host plant diversity. Discussion In sum, spatial patterns of diversity and their relationships with environments in rhizosphere microorganisms and their host plants differed at the regional scale. Different functional groups (e.g., pathogen, mycorrhiza and nitrifier) of soil microorganisms may have divergent elevational patterns and environmental responses. These data improve our understanding of elevational diversity patterns, and provide new insights into the conservation of biodiversity and ecosystem management, especially under climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijia Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan, China.,School of Ethnic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Chemistry in Ethnic Medicinal Resources, State Ethnic Affairs Commission and Ministry of Education of China, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yan Yuan
- School of Ethnic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Chemistry in Ethnic Medicinal Resources, State Ethnic Affairs Commission and Ministry of Education of China, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Pengfei Song
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan, China.,School of Ethnic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Chemistry in Ethnic Medicinal Resources, State Ethnic Affairs Commission and Ministry of Education of China, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Mufeng Cui
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan, China.,School of Ethnic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Chemistry in Ethnic Medicinal Resources, State Ethnic Affairs Commission and Ministry of Education of China, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Rensheng Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan, China.,School of Ethnic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Chemistry in Ethnic Medicinal Resources, State Ethnic Affairs Commission and Ministry of Education of China, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xiaoyang Song
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan, China
| | - Min Cao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan, China
| | - Yazhou Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan, China
| | - Jie Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan, China
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Cao J, Li B, Qi R, Liu T, Chen X, Gao B, Liu K, Baskin CC, Zhao Z. Negative impacts of human disturbances on the seed bank of subalpine forests are offset by climatic factors. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 851:158249. [PMID: 36028043 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Precipitation and temperature in the subalpine region have increased dramatically in recent decades due to global warming, and human disturbances have continued to impact the vegetation in the region. Seed bank plays an important role in population recovery, but there are few studies on the synergistic effects of human disturbances and climate change on seed bank. We analyzed the synergistic effects of human disturbances and climate change on seed bank samples from 20 sites in the subalpine coniferous forest region using grazing and logging as the disturbance intensity gradient and precipitation and temperature as climate variables. The species diversity of aboveground vegetation all changed significantly (p < 0.05) with precipitation, temperature and disturbance level, while the seed bank richness and density did not. Furthermore, the species composition of the seed bank varied significantly less than that of the aboveground vegetation at different levels of disturbance (p < 0.001). Thus, seed bank showed a strong buffering capacity against the risk of local extinction caused by environmental changes that shift the species composition and diversity of aboveground vegetation. In addition, soil and litter are important influences controlling seed bank density in subalpine forests, and the results of structural equation modelling suggest that both disturbance and climate change can indirectly regulate the seed bank by changing the physicochemical properties of soil and litter. We conclude that increases in precipitation and temperature driven by climate change can buffer the negative effects of disturbances on the seed bank.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahao Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Ecology, LanZhou University, Lanzhou 730070, China; Institute of Forestry Science of Bailongjiang in Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730046, China; Gansu Bailongjiang National Forest Ecosystem Research Station, Zhouqu 746300, China
| | - Bo Li
- Institute of Forestry Science of Bailongjiang in Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730046, China; Gansu Bailongjiang National Forest Ecosystem Research Station, Zhouqu 746300, China.
| | - Rui Qi
- Institute of Forestry Science of Bailongjiang in Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730046, China; Gansu Bailongjiang National Forest Ecosystem Research Station, Zhouqu 746300, China
| | - Ting Liu
- Institute of Forestry Science of Bailongjiang in Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730046, China; Gansu Bailongjiang National Forest Ecosystem Research Station, Zhouqu 746300, China
| | - Xuelong Chen
- Institute of Forestry Science of Bailongjiang in Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730046, China; Gansu Bailongjiang National Forest Ecosystem Research Station, Zhouqu 746300, China
| | - Benqiang Gao
- Institute of Forestry Science of Bailongjiang in Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730046, China; Gansu Bailongjiang National Forest Ecosystem Research Station, Zhouqu 746300, China
| | - Kun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Ecology, LanZhou University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Carol C Baskin
- Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, USA; Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, USA
| | - Zhigang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Ecology, LanZhou University, Lanzhou 730070, China.
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14
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Tsai CF, Huang CH, Wu FH, Lin CH, Lee CH, Yu SS, Chan YK, Jan FJ. Intelligent image analysis recognizes important orchid viral diseases. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1051348. [PMID: 36531380 PMCID: PMC9755359 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1051348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Phalaenopsis orchids are one of the most important exporting commodities for Taiwan. Most orchids are planted and grown in greenhouses. Early detection of orchid diseases is crucially valuable to orchid farmers during orchid cultivation. At present, orchid viral diseases are generally identified with manual observation and the judgment of the grower's experience. The most commonly used assays for virus identification are nucleic acid amplification and serology. However, it is neither time nor cost efficient. Therefore, this study aimed to create a system for automatically identifying the common viral diseases in orchids using the orchid image. Our methods include the following steps: the image preprocessing by color space transformation and gamma correction, detection of leaves by a U-net model, removal of non-leaf fragment areas by connected component labeling, feature acquisition of leaf texture, and disease identification by the two-stage model with the integration of a random forest model and an inception network (deep learning) model. Thereby, the proposed system achieved the excellent accuracy of 0.9707 and 0.9180 for the image segmentation of orchid leaves and disease identification, respectively. Furthermore, this system outperformed the naked-eye identification for the easily misidentified categories [cymbidium mosaic virus (CymMV) and odontoglossum ringspot virus (ORSV)] with the accuracy of 0.842 using two-stage model and 0.667 by naked-eye identification. This system would benefit the orchid disease recognition for Phalaenopsis cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Feng Tsai
- Department of Management Information Systems, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hung Huang
- Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Advanced Plant Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Hsing Wu
- Department of Health Services Administration, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chuen-Horng Lin
- Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Taichung University of Science and Technology, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hwa Lee
- Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Ph.D. Program in Microbial Genomics, National Chung Hsing University and Academia Sinica, Taichung, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shyr-Shen Yu
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Kuan Chan
- Department of Management Information Systems, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Advanced Plant Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Fuh-Jyh Jan
- Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Advanced Plant Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Ph.D. Program in Microbial Genomics, National Chung Hsing University and Academia Sinica, Taichung, Taipei, Taiwan
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15
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An H, Baskin CC, Ma M. Nonlinear response of the soil seed bank and its role in plant community regeneration with increased grazing disturbance. J Appl Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.14259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hang An
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland and Agro‐ecosystems, College of Ecology Lanzhou University Lanzhou Gansu Province P.R. China
| | - Carol C. Baskin
- Department of Biology University of Kentucky Lexington, KY 40506, USA and Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky Lexington KY
| | - Miaojun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland and Agro‐ecosystems, College of Ecology Lanzhou University Lanzhou Gansu Province P.R. China
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16
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Feng L, Peng L, Cui Q, Yang HJ, Ma JZ, Liu JT. Rising Shallow Groundwater Level May Facilitate Seed Persistence in the Supratidal Wetlands of the Yellow River Delta. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:946129. [PMID: 35873970 PMCID: PMC9298660 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.946129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The saline groundwater level of many supratidal wetlands is rising, which is expected to continue into the future because of sea level rise by the changing climate. Plant persistence strategies are increasingly important in the face of changing climate. However, the response of seed persistence to increasing groundwater level and salinity conditions is poorly understood despite its importance for the continuous regeneration of plant populations. Here, we determined the initial seed germinability and viability of seven species from supratidal wetlands in the Yellow River Delta and then stored the seeds for 90 days. The storage treatments consisted of two factors: groundwater level (to maintain moist and saturated conditions) and groundwater salinity (0, 10, 20, and 30 g/L). After retrieval from experimental storage, seed persistence was assessed. We verified that the annuals showed greater seed persistence than the perennials in the supratidal wetlands. Overall, seed persistence was greater after storage in saturated conditions than moist conditions. Salinity positively affected seed persistence under moist conditions. Surprisingly, we also found that higher groundwater salinity was associated with faster germination speed after storage. These results indicate that, once dispersed into habitats with high groundwater levels and high groundwater salinity in supratidal wetlands, many species of seeds may not germinate but maintain viability for some amount of time to respond to climate change.
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