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Chupp DP, Rivera CE, Zhou Y, Xu Y, Ramsey PS, Xu Z, Zan H, Casali P. A humanized mouse that mounts mature class-switched, hypermutated and neutralizing antibody responses. Nat Immunol 2024; 25:1489-1506. [PMID: 38918608 PMCID: PMC11291283 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-024-01880-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Humanized mice are limited in terms of modeling human immunity, particularly with regards to antibody responses. Here we constructed a humanized (THX) mouse by grafting non-γ-irradiated, genetically myeloablated KitW-41J mutant immunodeficient pups with human cord blood CD34+ cells, followed by 17β-estradiol conditioning to promote immune cell differentiation. THX mice reconstitute a human lymphoid and myeloid immune system, including marginal zone B cells, germinal center B cells, follicular helper T cells and neutrophils, and develop well-formed lymph nodes and intestinal lymphoid tissue, including Peyer's patches, and human thymic epithelial cells. These mice have diverse human B cell and T cell antigen receptor repertoires and can mount mature T cell-dependent and T cell-independent antibody responses, entailing somatic hypermutation, class-switch recombination, and plasma cell and memory B cell differentiation. Upon flagellin or a Pfizer-BioNTech coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) mRNA vaccination, THX mice mount neutralizing antibody responses to Salmonella or severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Spike S1 receptor-binding domain, with blood incretion of human cytokines, including APRIL, BAFF, TGF-β, IL-4 and IFN-γ, all at physiological levels. These mice can also develop lupus autoimmunity after pristane injection. By leveraging estrogen activity to support human immune cell differentiation and maturation of antibody responses, THX mice provide a platform to study the human immune system and to develop human vaccines and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel P Chupp
- The Antibody Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, The University of Texas Long School of Medicine, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Invivyd, Waltham, MA, USA
| | - Carlos E Rivera
- The Antibody Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, The University of Texas Long School of Medicine, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Yulai Zhou
- The Antibody Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, The University of Texas Long School of Medicine, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Yijiang Xu
- The Antibody Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, The University of Texas Long School of Medicine, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Patrick S Ramsey
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, The University of Texas Long School of Medicine, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Zhenming Xu
- The Antibody Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, The University of Texas Long School of Medicine, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Hong Zan
- The Antibody Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, The University of Texas Long School of Medicine, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Prellis Biologics, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Paolo Casali
- The Antibody Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, The University of Texas Long School of Medicine, San Antonio, TX, USA.
- Department of Medicine, The University of Texas Long School of Medicine, San Antonio, TX, USA.
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2
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Liu J, Zhang K, Zhang X, Guan F, Zeng H, Kubo M, Lee P, Candotti F, James LK, Camara NOS, Benlagha K, Lei J, Forsman H, Yang L, Xiao W, Liu Z, Liu C. Immunoglobulin class-switch recombination: Mechanism, regulation, and related diseases. MedComm (Beijing) 2024; 5:e662. [PMID: 39144468 PMCID: PMC11322596 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Maturation of the secondary antibody repertoire requires class-switch recombination (CSR), which switches IgM to other immunoglobulins (Igs), and somatic hypermutation, which promotes the production of high-affinity antibodies. Following immune response or infection within the body, activation of T cell-dependent and T cell-independent antigens triggers the activation of activation-induced cytidine deaminase, initiating the CSR process. CSR has the capacity to modify the functional properties of antibodies, thereby contributing to the adaptive immune response in the organism. Ig CSR defects, characterized by an abnormal relative frequency of Ig isotypes, represent a rare form of primary immunodeficiency. Elucidating the molecular basis of Ig diversification is essential for a better understanding of diseases related to Ig CSR defects and could provide clues for clinical diagnosis and therapeutic approaches. Here, we review the most recent insights on the diversification of five Ig isotypes and choose several classic diseases, including hyper-IgM syndrome, Waldenström macroglobulinemia, hyper-IgD syndrome, selective IgA deficiency, hyper-IgE syndrome, multiple myeloma, and Burkitt lymphoma, to illustrate the mechanism of Ig CSR deficiency. The investigation into the underlying mechanism of Ig CSR holds significant potential for the advancement of increasingly precise diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia‐Chen Liu
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
- Department of Pathogen BiologySchool of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College and State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubeiChina
| | - Ke Zhang
- Department of Pathogen BiologySchool of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College and State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubeiChina
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of RespiratoryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze UniversityJingzhouChina
| | - Fei Guan
- Department of Pathogen BiologySchool of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College and State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubeiChina
| | - Hu Zeng
- Department of ImmunologyMayo Clinic College of Medicine and ScienceRochesterUSA
| | - Masato Kubo
- Laboratory for Cytokine Regulation, Center for Integrative Medical Science (IMS), RIKEN Yokohama InstituteYokohamaJapan
| | - Pamela Lee
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent MedicineLKS Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong KongChina
| | - Fabio Candotti
- Division of Immunology and AllergyLausanne University Hospital and University of LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
| | | | | | - Kamel Benlagha
- Institut de Recherche Saint‐LouisUniversité de ParisParisFrance
| | - Jia‐Hui Lei
- Department of Pathogen BiologySchool of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College and State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubeiChina
| | - Huamei Forsman
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation ResearchInstitute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Lu Yang
- Department of Pathogen BiologySchool of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College and State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubeiChina
| | - Wei Xiao
- Department of RespiratoryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze UniversityJingzhouChina
| | - Zheng Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck SurgeryTongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, HuazhongUniversity of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Chao‐Hong Liu
- Department of Pathogen BiologySchool of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College and State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubeiChina
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3
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Roy K, Chakraborty M, Kumar A, Manna AK, Roy NS. The NFκB signaling system in the generation of B-cell subsets: from germinal center B cells to memory B cells and plasma cells. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1185597. [PMID: 38169968 PMCID: PMC10758606 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1185597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Memory B cells and antibody-secreting cells are the two prime effector B cell populations that drive infection- and vaccine-induced long-term antibody-mediated immunity. The antibody-mediated immunity mostly relies on the formation of specialized structures within secondary lymphoid organs, called germinal centers (GCs), that facilitate the interactions between B cells, T cells, and antigen-presenting cells. Antigen-activated B cells may proliferate and differentiate into GC-independent plasmablasts and memory B cells or differentiate into GC B cells. The GC B cells undergo proliferation coupled to somatic hypermutation of their immunoglobulin genes for antibody affinity maturation. Subsequently, affinity mature GC B cells differentiate into GC-dependent plasma cells and memory B cells. Here, we review how the NFκB signaling system controls B cell proliferation and the generation of GC B cells, plasmablasts/plasma cells, and memory B cells. We also identify and discuss some important unanswered questions in this connection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koushik Roy
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Mainak Chakraborty
- Division of Immunology, Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, India
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Asit Kumar Manna
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Neeladri Sekhar Roy
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
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4
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Deveryshetty J, Chadda R, Mattice JR, Karunakaran S, Rau MJ, Basore K, Pokhrel N, Englander N, Fitzpatrick JAJ, Bothner B, Antony E. Yeast Rad52 is a homodecamer and possesses BRCA2-like bipartite Rad51 binding modes. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6215. [PMID: 37798272 PMCID: PMC10556141 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41993-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Homologous recombination (HR) is an essential double-stranded DNA break repair pathway. In HR, Rad52 facilitates the formation of Rad51 nucleoprotein filaments on RPA-coated ssDNA. Here, we decipher how Rad52 functions using single-particle cryo-electron microscopy and biophysical approaches. We report that Rad52 is a homodecameric ring and each subunit possesses an ordered N-terminal and disordered C-terminal half. An intrinsic structural asymmetry is observed where a few of the C-terminal halves interact with the ordered ring. We describe two conserved charged patches in the C-terminal half that harbor Rad51 and RPA interacting motifs. Interactions between these patches regulate ssDNA binding. Surprisingly, Rad51 interacts with Rad52 at two different bindings sites: one within the positive patch in the disordered C-terminus and the other in the ordered ring. We propose that these features drive Rad51 nucleation onto a single position on the DNA to promote formation of uniform pre-synaptic Rad51 filaments in HR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaigeeth Deveryshetty
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Rahul Chadda
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jenna R Mattice
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA
| | - Simrithaa Karunakaran
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Michael J Rau
- Center for Cellular Imaging, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Katherine Basore
- Center for Cellular Imaging, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Nilisha Pokhrel
- Department of Biological Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Aera Therapeutics, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Noah Englander
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - James A J Fitzpatrick
- Center for Cellular Imaging, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Brian Bothner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA
| | - Edwin Antony
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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5
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Castleman MJ, Santos AL, Lesteberg KE, Maloney JP, Janssen WJ, Mould KJ, Beckham JD, Pelanda R, Torres RM. Activation and pro-inflammatory cytokine production by unswitched memory B cells during SARS-CoV-2 infection. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1213344. [PMID: 37638016 PMCID: PMC10449608 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1213344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Memory B cells are comprised of unswitched (CD27+IgD+) and switched (CD27+IgD-) subsets. The origin and function of unswitched human memory B cells are debated in the literature, whereas switched memory B cells are primed to respond to recurrent infection. Unswitched memory B cells have been described to be reduced in frequency with severe SARS-CoV2 infection and here we characterize their activation status, BCR functionality, and contribution to virally-induced cytokine production. Analyses of whole blood from healthy individuals, people immunized against SARS-CoV2, and those who have had mild and severe SARS-CoV2 infection, confirm a reduction in the frequency of unswitched memory B cells during severe SARS-CoV2 infection and demonstrate this reduction is associated with increased levels of systemic TNFα. We further document how severe viral infection is associated with an increased frequency of 'IgD+' only memory B cells that correlate with increased IgG autoantibody levels. Unswitched and switched memory B cells from severe SARS-CoV2 infection displayed evidence of heightened activation with a concomitant reduction in the expression of the inhibitory receptor CD72. Functionally, both populations of memory B cells from severe SARS-COV2 infection harbored a signaling-competent BCR that displayed enhanced BCR signaling activity in the unswitched population. Finally, we demonstrate that B cells from mild SARS-CoV2 infection are poised to secrete pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNFα. Importantly, unswitched memory B cells were a major producer of IL-6 and switched memory B cells were a major producer of TNFα in response to viral TLR ligands. Together these data indicate that B cells contribute to the inflammatory milieu during viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moriah J. Castleman
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Adriana Luna Santos
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Kelsey E. Lesteberg
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - James P. Maloney
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - William J. Janssen
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, United States
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Kara J. Mould
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, United States
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - J. David Beckham
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
- Rocky Mountain Regional VA, Medical Center, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Roberta Pelanda
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Raul M. Torres
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
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6
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Deveryshetty J, Chadda R, Mattice J, Karunakaran S, Rau MJ, Basore K, Pokhrel N, Englander N, Fitzpatrick JA, Bothner B, Antony E. Homodecameric Rad52 promotes single-position Rad51 nucleation in homologous recombination. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.05.527205. [PMID: 36778491 PMCID: PMC9915710 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.05.527205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Homologous recombination (HR) is a pathway for the accurate repair of double-stranded DNA breaks. These breaks are resected to yield single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) that are coated by Replication Protein A (RPA). Saccharomyces cerevisiae Rad52 is a mediator protein that promotes HR by facilitating formation of Rad51 nucleoprotein filaments on RPA-coated ssDNA. Canonically, Rad52 has been described to function by displacing RPA to promote Rad51 binding. However, in vitro, Rad51 readily forms a filament by displacing RPA in the absence of Rad52. Yet, in vivo, Rad52 is essential for HR. Here, we resolve how Rad52 functions as a mediator using single-particle cryo-electron microscopy and biophysical approaches. We show that Rad52 functions as a homodecamer and catalyzes single-position nucleation of Rad51. The N-terminal half of Rad52 is a well-ordered ring, while the C-terminal half is disordered. An intrinsic asymmetry within Rad52 is observed, where one or a few of the C-terminal halves interact with the ordered N-terminal ring. Within the C-terminal half, we identify two conserved charged patches that harbor the Rad51 and RPA interacting motifs. Interactions between these two charged patches regulate a ssDNA binding. These features drive Rad51 binding to a single position on the Rad52 decameric ring. We propose a Rad52 catalyzed single-position nucleation model for the formation of pre-synaptic Rad51 filaments in HR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaigeeth Deveryshetty
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Rahul Chadda
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Jenna Mattice
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT
| | - Simrithaa Karunakaran
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Michael J. Rau
- Center for Cellular Imaging, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Katherine Basore
- Center for Cellular Imaging, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Nilisha Pokhrel
- Department of Biological Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI (Present address: Aera Therapeutics, Boston, MA, USA)
| | - Noah Englander
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - James A.J. Fitzpatrick
- Center for Cellular Imaging, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Brian Bothner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT
| | - Edwin Antony
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
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Rivera CE, Zhou Y, Chupp DP, Yan H, Fisher AD, Simon R, Zan H, Xu Z, Casali P. Intrinsic B cell TLR-BCR linked coengagement induces class-switched, hypermutated, neutralizing antibody responses in absence of T cells. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eade8928. [PMID: 37115935 PMCID: PMC10146914 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ade8928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Maturation of antibody responses entails somatic hypermutation (SHM), class-switch DNA recombination (CSR), plasma cell differentiation, and generation of memory B cells, and it is thought to require T cell help. We showed that B cell Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-B cell receptor (BCR) (receptor for antigen) coengagement by 4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl acetyl (NP)-lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (Escherichia coli lipid A polysaccharide O-antigen) or TLR5-BCR coengagement by Salmonella flagellin induces mature antibody responses to NP and flagellin in Tcrβ-/-Tcrδ-/- and NSG/B mice. TLR-BCR coengagement required linkage of TLR and BCR ligands, "linked coengagement." This induced B cell CSR/SHM, germinal center-like differentiation, clonal expansion, intraconal diversification, plasma cell differentiation, and an anamnestic antibody response. In Tcrβ-/-Tcrδ-/- mice, linked coengagement of TLR4-BCR by LPS or TLR5-BCR by flagellin induced protective antibodies against E. coli or Salmonella Typhimurium. Our findings unveiled a critical role of B cell TLRs in inducing neutralizing antibody responses, including those to microbial pathogens, without T cell help.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos E. Rivera
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Long School of Medicine, UT Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Yulai Zhou
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Long School of Medicine, UT Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Daniel P. Chupp
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Long School of Medicine, UT Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Hui Yan
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Long School of Medicine, UT Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Amanda D. Fisher
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Long School of Medicine, UT Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Raphael Simon
- Center for Vaccine Development, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Hong Zan
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Long School of Medicine, UT Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Zhenming Xu
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Long School of Medicine, UT Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Paolo Casali
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Long School of Medicine, UT Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Long School of Medicine, UT Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
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RBP-RNA interactions in the control of autoimmunity and autoinflammation. Cell Res 2023; 33:97-115. [PMID: 36599968 PMCID: PMC9892603 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-022-00752-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Autoimmunity and autoinflammation arise from aberrant immunological and inflammatory responses toward self-components, contributing to various autoimmune diseases and autoinflammatory diseases. RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) are essential for immune cell development and function, mainly via exerting post-transcriptional regulation of RNA metabolism and function. Functional dysregulation of RBPs and abnormities in RNA metabolism are closely associated with multiple autoimmune or autoinflammatory disorders. Distinct RBPs play critical roles in aberrant autoreactive inflammatory responses via orchestrating a complex regulatory network consisting of DNAs, RNAs and proteins within immune cells. In-depth characterizations of RBP-RNA interactomes during autoimmunity and autoinflammation will lead to a better understanding of autoimmune pathogenesis and facilitate the development of effective therapeutic strategies. In this review, we summarize and discuss the functions of RBP-RNA interactions in controlling aberrant autoimmune inflammation and their potential as biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
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9
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Itoh N, Ohshima Y. The dual aspects of IgD in the development of tolerance and the pathogenesis of allergic diseases. Allergol Int 2022; 72:227-233. [PMID: 37010995 DOI: 10.1016/j.alit.2022.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The cell-surface form of IgD is co-expressed with IgM on mature, naïve B cells as B-cell receptors. The secreted IgD antibody (Ab) is found in relatively modest concentrations in the blood and other body fluids as it has a relatively short serum half-life. IgD Abs produced in the upper-respiratory mucosa presumably participate in host defense against pathogens. The allergen-mediated cross-linkage of basophil-bound IgD Ab enhances type 2 cytokine secretion; IgD Ab may also interfere with IgE-mediated basophil degranulation, suggesting dual and opposing roles of IgD Ab in allergen sensitization and the development of allergen immune tolerance. We recently demonstrated that children with egg allergies who avoided all forms of egg have lower ovomucoid-specific IgD and IgG4 Ab levels than those who only partially avoided egg products and that different mechanisms may regulate allergen-specific IgD Ab production compared to allergen-specific IgG4 Ab production. The relationship between antigen-specific IgD Ab levels and the clinical improvement of asthma and food allergies suggests that antigen-specific IgD Ab affects the process of outgrowing allergies. We discuss the possibility that allergen-specific IgD Ab production reflects low-affinity, allergen-specific IgE production as children outgrow a food allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naohiro Itoh
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan.
| | - Yusei Ohshima
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
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10
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Cerutti A, Filipska M, Fa XM, Tachó-Piñot R. Impact of the mucosal milieu on antibody responses to allergens. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2022; 150:503-512. [PMID: 36075636 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2022.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Respiratory and digestive mucosal surfaces are continually exposed to common environmental antigens, which include potential allergens. Although innocuous in healthy individuals, allergens cause allergy in predisposed subjects and do so by triggering a pathologic TH2 cell response that induces IgE class switching and somatic hypermutation in allergen-specific B cells. The ensuing affinity maturation and plasma cell differentiation lead to the abnormal release of high-affinity IgE that binds to powerful FcεRI receptors on basophils and mast cells. When cross-linked by allergen, FcεRI-bound IgE instigates the release of prestored and de novo-induced proinflammatory mediators. Aside from causing type I hypersensitivity reactions underlying allergy, IgE affords protection against nematodes or venoms from insects and snakes, which raises questions as to the fundamental differences between protective and pathogenic IgE responses. In this review, we discuss the impact of the mucosal environment, including the epithelial and mucus barriers, on the induction of protective IgE responses against environmental antigens. We further discuss how perturbations of these barriers may contribute to the induction of pathogenic IgE production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Cerutti
- Catalan Institute for Research and Advanced Studies, Barcelona, Spain; Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Barcelona Biomedical Research Park, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York.
| | - Martyna Filipska
- Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Barcelona Biomedical Research Park, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavi Marcos Fa
- Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Barcelona Biomedical Research Park, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roser Tachó-Piñot
- Lydia Becher Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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Vincendeau E, Wei W, Zhang X, Planchais C, Yu W, Lenden-Hasse H, Cokelaer T, Pipoli da Fonseca J, Mouquet H, Adams DJ, Alt FW, Jackson SP, Balmus G, Lescale C, Deriano L. SHLD1 is dispensable for 53BP1-dependent V(D)J recombination but critical for productive class switch recombination. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3707. [PMID: 35764636 PMCID: PMC9240092 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31287-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
SHLD1 is part of the Shieldin (SHLD) complex, which acts downstream of 53BP1 to counteract DNA double-strand break (DSB) end resection and promote DNA repair via non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ). While 53BP1 is essential for immunoglobulin heavy chain class switch recombination (CSR), long-range V(D)J recombination and repair of RAG-induced DSBs in XLF-deficient cells, the function of SHLD during these processes remains elusive. Here we report that SHLD1 is dispensable for lymphocyte development and RAG-mediated V(D)J recombination, even in the absence of XLF. By contrast, SHLD1 is essential for restricting resection at AID-induced DSB ends in both NHEJ-proficient and NHEJ-deficient B cells, providing an end-protection mechanism that permits productive CSR by NHEJ and alternative end-joining. Finally, we show that this SHLD1 function is required for orientation-specific joining of AID-initiated DSBs. Our data thus suggest that 53BP1 promotes V(D)J recombination and CSR through two distinct mechanisms: SHLD-independent synapsis of V(D)J segments and switch regions within chromatin, and SHLD-dependent protection of AID-DSB ends against resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estelle Vincendeau
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, INSERM U1223, Équipe Labellisée Ligue Contre Le Cancer, Genome Integrity, Immunity and Cancer Unit, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Wenming Wei
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, INSERM U1223, Équipe Labellisée Ligue Contre Le Cancer, Genome Integrity, Immunity and Cancer Unit, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Xuefei Zhang
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine at Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center (BIOPIC) and Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics (ICG), Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Cyril Planchais
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, INSERM U1222, Laboratory of Humoral Immunology, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Wei Yu
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, INSERM U1223, Équipe Labellisée Ligue Contre Le Cancer, Genome Integrity, Immunity and Cancer Unit, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Hélène Lenden-Hasse
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, INSERM U1223, Équipe Labellisée Ligue Contre Le Cancer, Genome Integrity, Immunity and Cancer Unit, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Thomas Cokelaer
- Institut Pasteur, Plate-forme Technologique Biomics, Centre de Ressources et Recherches Technologiques, 75015, Paris, France
- Institut Pasteur, Hub de Bioinformatique et Biostatistique, Département de Biologie Computationnelle, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Juliana Pipoli da Fonseca
- Institut Pasteur, Plate-forme Technologique Biomics, Centre de Ressources et Recherches Technologiques, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Hugo Mouquet
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, INSERM U1222, Laboratory of Humoral Immunology, 75015, Paris, France
| | - David J Adams
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Frederick W Alt
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine at Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Stephen P Jackson
- Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1QN, UK
| | - Gabriel Balmus
- UK Dementia Research Institute at University of Cambridge, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0AH, UK
| | - Chloé Lescale
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, INSERM U1223, Équipe Labellisée Ligue Contre Le Cancer, Genome Integrity, Immunity and Cancer Unit, 75015, Paris, France.
| | - Ludovic Deriano
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, INSERM U1223, Équipe Labellisée Ligue Contre Le Cancer, Genome Integrity, Immunity and Cancer Unit, 75015, Paris, France.
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