1
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Zhang LL, Zhong CB, Huang TJ, Zhang LM, Yan F, Ying YL. High-throughput single biomarker identification using droplet nanopore. Chem Sci 2024; 15:8355-8362. [PMID: 38846401 PMCID: PMC11151865 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc06795e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Biomarkers are present in various metabolism processes, demanding precise and meticulous analysis at the single-molecule level for accurate clinical diagnosis. Given the need for high sensitivity, biological nanopore have been applied for single biomarker sensing. However, the detection of low-volume biomarkers poses challenges due to their low concentrations in dilute buffer solutions, as well as difficulty in parallel detection. Here, a droplet nanopore technique is developed for low-volume and high-throughput single biomarker detection at the sub-microliter scale, which shows a 2000-fold volume reduction compared to conventional setups. To prove the concept, this nanopore sensing platform not only enables multichannel recording but also significantly lowers the detection limit for various types of biomarkers such as angiotensin II, to 42 pg. This advancement enables direct biomarker detection at the picogram level. Such a leap forward in detection capability positions this nanopore sensing platform as a promising candidate for point-of-care testing of biomarker at single-molecule level, while substantially minimizing the need for sample dilution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Lin Zhang
- Molecular Sensing and Imaging Center, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
| | - Cheng-Bing Zhong
- Molecular Sensing and Imaging Center, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
| | - Ting-Jing Huang
- Molecular Sensing and Imaging Center, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
| | - Li-Min Zhang
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
| | - Feng Yan
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
| | - Yi-Lun Ying
- Molecular Sensing and Imaging Center, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
- Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
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2
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Mitta SB, Kim J, Rana HH, Kokkiligadda S, Lim YT, Bhang SH, Park HS, Um SH. A biospecies-derived genomic DNA hybrid gel electrolyte for electrochemical energy storage. PNAS NEXUS 2024; 3:pgae213. [PMID: 38881843 PMCID: PMC11177232 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgae213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Intrinsic impediments, namely weak mechanical strength, low ionic conductivity, low electrochemical performance, and stability have largely inhibited beyond practical applications of hydrogels in electronic devices and remains as a significant challenge in the scientific world. Here, we report a biospecies-derived genomic DNA hybrid gel electrolyte with many synergistic effects, including robust mechanical properties (mechanical strength and elongation of 6.98 MPa and 997.42%, respectively) and ion migration channels, which consequently demonstrated high ionic conductivity (73.27 mS/cm) and superior electrochemical stability (1.64 V). Notably, when applied to a supercapacitor the hybrid gel-based devices exhibit a specific capacitance of 425 F/g. Furthermore, it maintained rapid charging/discharging with a capacitance retention rate of 93.8% after ∼200,000 cycles while exhibiting a maximum energy density of 35.07 Wh/kg and a maximum power density of 193.9 kW/kg. This represents the best value among the current supercapacitors and can be immediately applied to minicars, solar cells, and LED lightning. The widespread use of DNA gel electrolytes will revolutionize human efforts to industrialize high-performance green energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sekhar Babu Mitta
- Progeneer Inc., #1002, 12, Digital-ro 31-gil, Guro-gu, Seoul 08380, South Korea
| | - Jeonghun Kim
- Progeneer Inc., #1002, 12, Digital-ro 31-gil, Guro-gu, Seoul 08380, South Korea
| | - Harpalsinh H Rana
- Laboratory of Electrochemistry and Physicochemistry of Materials & Interfaces (LEPMI), CNRS/Grenoble-INP/UGA 1130, Rue de la Piscine, 38402 Saint-Martin d'Heres Cedex, France
| | - Samanth Kokkiligadda
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 16419, South Korea
| | - Yong Taik Lim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 16419, South Korea
| | - Suk Ho Bhang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 16419, South Korea
| | - Ho Seok Park
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 16419, South Korea
| | - Soong Ho Um
- Progeneer Inc., #1002, 12, Digital-ro 31-gil, Guro-gu, Seoul 08380, South Korea
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 16419, South Korea
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3
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Zhang X, Wu ZQ, Zheng YW, Song J, Zhao WW, Xu JJ. Bridging Ionic Current Rectification and Resistive-Pulse Sensing for Reliable Wide-Linearity Detection. Anal Chem 2024; 96:6444-6449. [PMID: 38597812 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c00629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
As two mainstream ionic detection techniques, ionic current rectification (ICR) suffers from large fluctuations in trace level detection, while resistive-pulse sensing (RPS) encounters easy clogs in high-concentration detection. By rationally matching the nanopore size with the DNA tetrahedron (TDN), this work bridges the two techniques to achieve reliable detection with wide linearity. As a representative analyte, miRNA-10b could specifically combine with and release TDN from the interior wall, which thus induced the simultaneous generation of distinct ICR and RPS signals. The ICR signals could be attributed to the balance between the effective orifice and surface charge density of the inner wall, while the RPS signals were induced by the complex of miRNA-10b and TDN passing through the nanopore. Such an operation contributed to a wide detection range of 1 fM-1 nM with a good linearity. The feasibility of this method is also validated in single-cell and real plasma detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zeng-Qiang Wu
- School of Public Health, Institute of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
| | - You-Wei Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Juan Song
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, China
| | - Wei-Wei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jing-Juan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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4
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Sülzle J, Yang W, Shimoda Y, Ronceray N, Mayner E, Manley S, Radenovic A. Label-Free Imaging of DNA Interactions with 2D Materials. ACS PHOTONICS 2024; 11:737-744. [PMID: 38405387 PMCID: PMC10885193 DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.3c01604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) materials offer potential as substrates for biosensing devices, as their properties can be engineered to tune interactions between the surface and biomolecules. Yet, not many methods can measure these interactions in a liquid environment without introducing labeling agents such as fluorophores. In this work, we harness interferometric scattering (iSCAT) microscopy, a label-free imaging technique, to investigate the interactions of single molecules of long dsDNA with 2D materials. The millisecond temporal resolution of iSCAT allows us to capture the transient interactions and to observe the dynamics of unlabeled DNA binding to a hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) surface in solution for extended periods (including a fraction of 10%, of trajectories lasting longer than 110 ms). Using a focused ion beam technique to engineer defects, we find that DNA binding affinity is enhanced at defects; when exposed to long lanes, DNA binds preferentially at the lane edges. Overall, we demonstrate that iSCAT imaging is a useful tool to study how biomolecules interact with 2D materials, a key component in engineering future biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Sülzle
- Institute
of Physics and Institute of Bioengineering, Laboratory of Experimental
Biophysics (LEB), École Polytechnique
Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
| | - Wayne Yang
- Institute
of Bioengineering, Laboratory of Nanoscale Biology (LBEN), École Polytechnique Fédérale
de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
| | - Yuta Shimoda
- Institute
of Bioengineering, Laboratory of Nanoscale Biology (LBEN), École Polytechnique Fédérale
de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
| | - Nathan Ronceray
- Institute
of Bioengineering, Laboratory of Nanoscale Biology (LBEN), École Polytechnique Fédérale
de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
| | - Eveline Mayner
- Institute
of Bioengineering, Laboratory of Nanoscale Biology (LBEN), École Polytechnique Fédérale
de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
| | - Suliana Manley
- Institute
of Physics and Institute of Bioengineering, Laboratory of Experimental
Biophysics (LEB), École Polytechnique
Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
| | - Aleksandra Radenovic
- Institute
of Bioengineering, Laboratory of Nanoscale Biology (LBEN), École Polytechnique Fédérale
de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
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5
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Ahamed MA, Khalid MAU, Dong M, Politza AJ, Zhang Z, Kshirsagar A, Liu T, Guan W. Sensitive and specific CRISPR-Cas12a assisted nanopore with RPA for Monkeypox detection. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 246:115866. [PMID: 38029710 PMCID: PMC10842690 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Monkeypox virus (MPXV) poses a global health emergency, necessitating rapid, simple, and accurate detection to manage its spread effectively. The Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) technique has emerged as a promising next-generation molecular diagnostic approach. Here, we developed a highly sensitive and specific CRISPR-Cas12a assisted nanopore (SCAN) with isothermal recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) for MPXV detection. The RPA-SCAN method offers a sensitivity unachievable with unamplified SCAN while also addressing the obstacles of PCR-SCAN for point-of-care applications. We demonstrated that size-counting of single molecules enables analysis of reaction-time dependent distribution of the cleaved reporter. Our MPXV-specific RPA assay achieved a limit of detection (LoD) of 19 copies in a 50 μL reaction system. By integrating 2 μL of RPA amplifications into a 20 μL CRISPR reaction, we attained an overall LoD of 16 copies/μL (26.56 aM) of MPXV at a 95% confidence level using the SCAN sensor. We also verified the specificity of RPA-SCAN in distinguishing MPXV from cowpox virus with 100% accuracy. These findings suggest that the isothermal RPA-SCAN device is well-suited for highly sensitive and specific Monkeypox detection. Given its electronic nature and miniaturization potential, the RPA-SCAN system paves the way for diagnosing a wide array of other infectious pathogens at the point of care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Ahasan Ahamed
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, 16802, USA
| | | | - Ming Dong
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, 16802, USA
| | - Anthony J Politza
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, 16802, USA
| | - Zhikun Zhang
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, 16802, USA
| | - Aneesh Kshirsagar
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, 16802, USA
| | - Tianyi Liu
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, 16802, USA
| | - Weihua Guan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, 16802, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, 16802, USA.
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6
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Bandara YMNDY, Karawdeniya BI, Dutt S, Kluth P, Tricoli A. Nanopore Fabrication Made Easy: A Portable, Affordable Microcontroller-Assisted Approach for Tailored Pore Formation via Controlled Breakdown. Anal Chem 2024; 96:2124-2134. [PMID: 38277343 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c04860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
With growing interest in solid-state nanopore sensing─a single-molecule technique capable of profiling a host of analyte classes─establishing facile and scalable approaches for fabricating molecular-size pores is becoming increasingly important. The introduction of nanopore fabrication by controlled breakdown (CBD) has transformed the economics and accessibility of nanopore fabrication. Here, we introduce the design of an Arduino-based, portable USB-powered CBD device, with an estimated cost of <150 USD, which is ≈10-100× cheaper than most commercial solutions, capable of fabricating single nanopores conducive for single molecule sensing experiments. We demonstrate the facile fabrication of 60 tailored nanopores (∼2.6-12.6 nm) with ∼80% of the pores within 1 nm of the target diameter. Selected pores were then tested with double-stranded DNA, the canonical molecular ruler, demonstrating their performance for single-molecule sensing applications. The device is constructed with off-the-shelf readily available components and controlled using a highly customizable MATLAB application, which has capabilities encompassing pore fabrication, pore enlargement, and current-voltage acquisition for pore size estimation. When combined with a portable amplifier, this device also provides a fully portable sensing platform, an important step toward portable solid-state nanopore sensing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y M Nuwan D Y Bandara
- Nanotechnology Research Laboratory, Research School of Chemistry, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Buddini I Karawdeniya
- Department of Electronic Materials Engineering, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Shankar Dutt
- Department of Materials Physics, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Patrick Kluth
- Department of Materials Physics, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Antonio Tricoli
- Nanotechnology Research Laboratory, Research School of Chemistry, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
- Nanotechnology Research Laboratory, School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Sydney, NSW 2008, Australia
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7
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Confederat S, Lee S, Vang D, Soulias D, Marcuccio F, Peace TI, Edwards MA, Strobbia P, Samanta D, Wälti C, Actis P. Next-Generation Nanopore Sensors Based on Conductive Pulse Sensing for Enhanced Detection of Nanoparticles. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2305186. [PMID: 37649152 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202305186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Nanopore sensing has been successfully used to characterize biological molecules with single-molecule resolution based on the resistive pulse sensing approach. However, its use in nanoparticle characterization has been constrained by the need to tailor the nanopore aperture size to the size of the analyte, precluding the analysis of heterogeneous samples. Additionally, nanopore sensors often require the use of high salt concentrations to improve the signal-to-noise ratio, which further limits their ability to study a wide range of nanoparticles that are unstable at high ionic strength. Here, a new paradigm in nanopore research that takes advantage of a polymer electrolyte system to comprise a conductive pulse sensing approach is presented. A finite element model is developed to explain the conductive pulse signals observed and compare these results with experiments. This system enables the analytical characterization of heterogeneous nanoparticle mixtures at low ionic strength . Furthermore, the wide applicability of the method is demonstrated by characterizing metallic nanospheres of varied sizes, plasmonic nanostars with various degrees of branching, and protein-based spherical nucleic acids with different oligonucleotide loadings. This system will complement the toolbox of nanomaterials characterization techniques to enable real-time optimization workflow for engineering a wide range of nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Confederat
- Bragg Centre for Materials Research, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, Leeds, UK
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering and Pollard Institute, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, Leeds, UK
| | - Seungheon Lee
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Der Vang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45221, USA
| | - Dimitrios Soulias
- Bragg Centre for Materials Research, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, Leeds, UK
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering and Pollard Institute, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, Leeds, UK
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, OX1 3QZ, Oxford, UK
| | - Fabio Marcuccio
- Bragg Centre for Materials Research, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, Leeds, UK
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering and Pollard Institute, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, Leeds, UK
- Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ, London, UK
| | - Timotheus I Peace
- Bragg Centre for Materials Research, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, Leeds, UK
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering and Pollard Institute, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, Leeds, UK
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, Leeds, UK
| | - Martin Andrew Edwards
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
| | - Pietro Strobbia
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45221, USA
| | - Devleena Samanta
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Christoph Wälti
- Bragg Centre for Materials Research, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, Leeds, UK
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering and Pollard Institute, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, Leeds, UK
| | - Paolo Actis
- Bragg Centre for Materials Research, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, Leeds, UK
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering and Pollard Institute, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, Leeds, UK
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8
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Khatri S, Pandey P, Mejia G, Ghimire G, Leng F, He J. Nanoconfinement and Crowding Enhanced Single-Molecule Detection of Small Molecules with Nanopipettes. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:28075-28084. [PMID: 37996390 PMCID: PMC11036617 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c09311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Glass nanopipettes have gained widespread use as a versatile single-entity detector in chemical and biological sensing, analysis, and imaging. Its advantages include low cost, easy accessibility, simplicity of use, and high versatility. However, conventional nanopipettes based on the volume exclusion mechanism have limitations in detecting small biomolecules due to their small volume and high mobility in aqueous solution. To overcome this challenge, we have employed a novel approach by capitalizing on the strong nanoconfinement effect of nanopipettes. This is achieved by utilizing both the hard confinement provided by the long taper nanopipette tip at the cis side and the soft confinement offered by the hydrogel at the trans side. Through this approach, we have effectively slowed down the exit motion of small molecules, allowing us to enrich and jam them at the nanopipette tip. Consequently, we have achieved high throughput detection of small biomolecules with sizes as small as 1 nm, including nucleoside triphosphates, short peptides, and small proteins with excellent signal-to-noise ratios. Furthermore, molecular complex formation through specific intermolecular interactions, such as hydrogen bonding between closely spaced nucleotides in the jam-packed nanopipette tip, has been detected based on the unique ionic current changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Khatri
- Physics Department, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, 33199, USA
| | - Popular Pandey
- Physics Department, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, 33199, USA
| | - German Mejia
- Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, 33199, USA
- Biomolecular Science Institute, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, 33199, USA
| | - Govinda Ghimire
- Physics Department, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, 33199, USA
| | - Fenfei Leng
- Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, 33199, USA
- Biomolecular Science Institute, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, 33199, USA
| | - Jin He
- Physics Department, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, 33199, USA
- Biomolecular Science Institute, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, 33199, USA
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9
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Marcuccio F, Soulias D, Chau CCC, Radford SE, Hewitt E, Actis P, Edwards MA. Mechanistic Study of the Conductance and Enhanced Single-Molecule Detection in a Polymer-Electrolyte Nanopore. ACS NANOSCIENCE AU 2023; 3:172-181. [PMID: 37096230 PMCID: PMC10119975 DOI: 10.1021/acsnanoscienceau.2c00050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
Solid-state nanopores have been widely employed in the detection of biomolecules, but low signal-to-noise ratios still represent a major obstacle in the discrimination of nucleic acid and protein sequences substantially smaller than the nanopore diameter. The addition of 50% poly(ethylene) glycol (PEG) to the external solution is a simple way to enhance the detection of such biomolecules. Here, we demonstrate with finite-element modeling and experiments that the addition of PEG to the external solution introduces a strong imbalance in the transport properties of cations and anions, drastically affecting the current response of the nanopore. We further show that the strong asymmetric current response is due to a polarity-dependent ion distribution and transport at the nanopipette tip region, leading to either ion depletion or enrichment for few tens of nanometers across its aperture. We provide evidence that a combination of the decreased/increased diffusion coefficients of cations/anions in the bath outside the nanopore and the interaction between a translocating molecule and the nanopore-bath interface is responsible for the increase in the translocation signals. We expect this new mechanism to contribute to further developments in nanopore sensing by suggesting that tuning the diffusion coefficients of ions could enhance the sensitivity of the system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Marcuccio
- School
of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Leeds, LeedsLS2 9JT, U.K.
- Bragg
Centre for Materials Research, University
of Leeds, LeedsLS2 9JT, U.K.
| | - Dimitrios Soulias
- School
of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Leeds, LeedsLS2 9JT, U.K.
- Bragg
Centre for Materials Research, University
of Leeds, LeedsLS2 9JT, U.K.
| | - Chalmers C. C. Chau
- School
of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Leeds, LeedsLS2 9JT, U.K.
- Bragg
Centre for Materials Research, University
of Leeds, LeedsLS2 9JT, U.K.
- School
of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Astbury Centre for Structural
Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, LeedsLS2 9JT, U.K.
| | - Sheena E. Radford
- School
of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Astbury Centre for Structural
Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, LeedsLS2 9JT, U.K.
| | - Eric Hewitt
- School
of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Astbury Centre for Structural
Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, LeedsLS2 9JT, U.K.
| | - Paolo Actis
- School
of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Leeds, LeedsLS2 9JT, U.K.
- Bragg
Centre for Materials Research, University
of Leeds, LeedsLS2 9JT, U.K.
| | - Martin Andrew Edwards
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas72701, United States
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10
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Zhou J, Lan Q, Li W, Ji LN, Wang K, Xia XH. Single Molecule Protein Segments Sequencing by a Plasmonic Nanopore. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:2800-2807. [PMID: 36927001 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c00086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Obtaining sequential and conformational information on proteins is vital to understand their functions. Although the nanopore-based electrical detection can sense single molecule (SM) protein and distinguish among different amino acids, this approach still faces difficulties in slowing down protein translocation and improving ionic current signal-to-noise ratio. Here, we observe the unfolding and multistep sequential translocation of SM cytochrome c (cyt c) through a surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) active conical gold nanopore. High bias voltage unfolds SM protein causing more exposure of amino acid residues to the nanopore, which slows down the protein translocation. Specific SERS traces of different SM cyt c segments are then recorded sequentially when they pass through the hotspot inside the gold nanopore. This study shows that the combination of SM SERS with a nanopore can provide a direct insight into protein segments and expedite the development of nanopore toward SM protein sequencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Qing Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Wang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Li-Na Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Kang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xing-Hua Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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11
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Leong IW, Tsutsui M, Yokota K, Murayama S, Taniguchi M. Regulating Nonlinear Ion Transport through a Solid-State Pore by Partial Surface Coatings. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:6123-6132. [PMID: 36661232 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c19485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Using functional nanofluidic devices to manipulate ion transport allows us to explore the nanoscale development of blue energy harvesters and iontronic building blocks. Herein, we report on a method to alter the nonlinear ionic current through a pore by partial dielectric coatings. A variety of dielectric materials are examined on both the inner and outer surfaces of the channel with four different patterns of coated or uncoated surfaces. Through controlling the specific part of the surface charge, the pore can behave like a resistor, diode, and bipolar junction transistor. We use numerical simulations to find out the reason for the asymmetric ion transport in the pore and illustrate the relationship between specifically charged surfaces and electroosmotic flow. These findings help understand the role of the corresponding surface composition in ion transport, which provides a direct approach to modify the electroosmotic-flow-driven ionic current rectification in the channel-based device via dielectric coatings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iat Wai Leong
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Makusu Tsutsui
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Kazumichi Yokota
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Takamatsu, Kagawa 761-0395, Japan
| | - Sanae Murayama
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Masateru Taniguchi
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
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12
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Chau C, Marcuccio F, Soulias D, Edwards MA, Tuplin A, Radford SE, Hewitt E, Actis P. Probing RNA Conformations Using a Polymer-Electrolyte Solid-State Nanopore. ACS NANO 2022; 16:20075-20085. [PMID: 36279181 PMCID: PMC9798860 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c08312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Nanopore systems have emerged as a leading platform for the analysis of biomolecular complexes with single-molecule resolution. The conformation of biomolecules, such as RNA, is highly dependent on the electrolyte composition, but solid-state nanopore systems often require high salt concentration to operate, precluding analysis of macromolecular conformations under physiologically relevant conditions. Here, we report the implementation of a polymer-electrolyte solid-state nanopore system based on alkali metal halide salts dissolved in 50% w/v poly(ethylene) glycol (PEG) to augment the performance of our system. We show that polymer-electrolyte bath governs the translocation dynamics of the analyte which correlates with the physical properties of the salt used in the bath. This allowed us to identify CsBr as the optimal salt to complement PEG to generate the largest signal enhancement. Harnessing the effects of the polymer-electrolyte, we probed the conformations of the Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) RNA genome fragments under physiologically relevant conditions. Our system was able to fingerprint CHIKV RNA fragments ranging from ∼300 to ∼2000 nt length and subsequently distinguish conformations between the co-transcriptionally folded and the natively refolded ∼2000 nt CHIKV RNA. We envision that the polymer-electrolyte solid-state nanopore system will further enable structural and conformational analyses of individual biomolecules under physiologically relevant conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chalmers Chau
- School
of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Astbury Centre for Structural
Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.
- School
of Electronic and Electrical Engineering and Pollard Institute, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.
- Bragg
Centre for Materials Research, University
of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.
| | - Fabio Marcuccio
- School
of Electronic and Electrical Engineering and Pollard Institute, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.
- Bragg
Centre for Materials Research, University
of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.
| | - Dimitrios Soulias
- School
of Electronic and Electrical Engineering and Pollard Institute, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.
- Bragg
Centre for Materials Research, University
of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.
| | - Martin Andrew Edwards
- Department
of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University
of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States
| | - Andrew Tuplin
- School
of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Astbury Centre for Structural
Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.
| | - Sheena E. Radford
- School
of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Astbury Centre for Structural
Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.
| | - Eric Hewitt
- School
of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Astbury Centre for Structural
Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.
| | - Paolo Actis
- School
of Electronic and Electrical Engineering and Pollard Institute, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.
- Bragg
Centre for Materials Research, University
of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.
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13
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Wang Y, Yuan J, Deng H, Zhang Z, Ma QDY, Wu L, Weng L. Procedural Data Processing for Single-Molecule Identification by Nanopore Sensors. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:1152. [PMID: 36551119 PMCID: PMC9775113 DOI: 10.3390/bios12121152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Nanopores are promising single-molecule sensing devices that have been successfully used for DNA sequencing, protein identification, as well as virus/particles detection. It is important to understand and characterize the current pulses collected by nanopore sensors, which imply the associated information of the analytes, including the size, structure, and surface charge. Therefore, a signal processing program, based on the MATLAB platform, was designed to characterize the ionic current signals of nanopore measurements. In a movable data window, the selected current segment was analyzed by the adaptive thresholds and corrected by multi-functions to reduce the noise obstruction of pulse signals. Accordingly, a set of single molecular events was identified, and the abundant information of current signals with the dwell time, amplitude, and current pulse area was exported for quantitative analysis. The program contributes to the efficient and fast processing of nanopore signals with a high signal-to-noise ratio, which promotes the development of the nanopore sensing devices in various fields of diagnosis systems and precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yupeng Wang
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jianxuan Yuan
- School of Geography and Biological Information, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Haofeng Deng
- School of Geography and Biological Information, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ziang Zhang
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Qianli D. Y. Ma
- School of Geography and Biological Information, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Lingzhi Wu
- School of Geography and Biological Information, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Lixing Weng
- School of Geography and Biological Information, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
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14
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Tsutsui M, Yokota K, He Y, Kawai T. Ionic Signal Amplification of DNA in a Nanopore. SMALL METHODS 2022; 6:e2200761. [PMID: 36196624 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202200761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Ionic signal amplification is a key challenge for single-molecule analyses by solid-state nanopore sensing. Here, a permittivity gradient approach for amplifying ionic blockade characteristics of DNA in a nanofluidic channel is reported. The transmembrane ionic current response is found to change substantially through modifying the liquid permittivity at one side of a pore with an organic solvent. Imposing positive liquid permittivity gradients with respect to the direction of DNA electrophoresis, this study observes the resistive ionic signals to become larger due to the varying contributions of molecular counterions. On the contrary, negative gradients render adverse effects causing conductive ionic current pulses upon polynucleotide translocations. Most importantly, both the positive and negative gradients are demonstrated to be capable of amplifying the ionic signals by an order of magnitude with a 1.3-fold difference in the transmembrane liquid dielectric constants. This phenomenon allows a novel way to enhance the single-molecule sensitivity of nanopore sensing that may be useful in analyzing secondary structures and genome sequence of DNA by ionic current measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makusu Tsutsui
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Ibaraki, Osaka, 567-0047, Japan
| | - Kazumichi Yokota
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Takamatsu, Kagawa, 761-0395, Japan
| | - Yuhui He
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Tomoji Kawai
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Ibaraki, Osaka, 567-0047, Japan
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15
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Lastra LS, Bandara YMNDY, Sharma V, Freedman KJ. Protein and DNA Yield Current Enhancements, Slow Translocations, and an Enhanced Signal-to-Noise Ratio under a Salt Imbalance. ACS Sens 2022; 7:1883-1893. [PMID: 35707962 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.2c00479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Nanopores are a promising single-molecule sensing device class that captures molecular-level information through resistive or conductive pulse sensing (RPS and CPS). The latter has not been routinely utilized in the nanopore field despite the benefits it could provide, specifically in detecting subpopulations of a molecule. A systematic study was conducted here to study the CPS-based molecular discrimination and its voltage-dependent characteristics. CPS was observed when the cation movement along both electrical and chemical gradients was favored, which led to an ∼3× improvement in SNR (i.e., signal-to-noise ratio) and an ∼8× increase in translocation time. Interestingly, a reversal of the salt gradient reinstates the more conventional resistive pulses and may help elucidate RPS-CPS transitions. The asymmetric salt conditions greatly enhanced the discrimination of DNA configurations including linear, partially folded, and completely folded DNA states, which could help detect subpopulations in other molecular systems. These findings were then utilized for the detection of a Cas9 mutant, Cas9d10a─a protein with broad utilities in genetic engineering and immunology─bound to DNA target strands and the unbound Cas9d10a + sgRNA complexes, also showing significantly longer event durations (>1 ms) than typically observed for proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren S Lastra
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, 900 University Ave., Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Y M Nuwan D Y Bandara
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, 900 University Ave., Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Vinay Sharma
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, 900 University Ave., Riverside, California 92521, United States.,Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Jammu, NH-44, Jagti, Jammu and Kashmir, 181221 India
| | - Kevin J Freedman
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, 900 University Ave., Riverside, California 92521, United States
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