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Bon C, Goretzki B, Flamme M, Shelton C, Davis H, Lima F, Garcia F, Brittain S, Brocklehurst CE. Oxadiazolines as Photoreleasable Labels for Drug Target Identification. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:26759-26765. [PMID: 39288302 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c06936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
Photoaffinity labeling is a widely used technique for studying ligand-protein and protein-protein interactions. Traditional photoaffinity labels utilize nonspecific C-H bond insertion reactions mediated by a highly reactive intermediate. Despite being the most widely used photoaffinity labels, diazirines exhibit limited compatibility with downstream organic reactions and suffer from storage stability concerns. This study introduces oxadiazolines as innovative and complementary photoactivatable labels for addition to the toolbox and demonstrates their application in vitro and through in cellulo labeling experiments. Oxadiazolines can be easily synthesized from ketone moieties and cleaved with 302-330 nm light to cleanly liberate a diazo reactive moiety that can covalently modify nucleophilic amino acid residues. Notably, oxadiazolines are compatible with various organic reaction conditions and functional groups, allowing for the exploration of a large chemical space. Several known inhibitors featuring the oxadiazoline functionality were prepared without affecting their binding affinity. Furthermore, we confirmed the ability of oxadiazolines to form covalent bonds with proteins upon UV-irradiation, both in vitro and in cellulo, yielding comparable results to those of the matched diazirine compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corentin Bon
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Biomedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel 4056, Switzerland
| | - Benedikt Goretzki
- Discovery Sciences, Novartis Biomedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel 4056, Switzerland
| | - Marie Flamme
- Chemical and Analytical Development, Novartis Development, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel 4056, Switzerland
| | - Claude Shelton
- Discovery Sciences, Novartis Biomedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Holly Davis
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Biomedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel 4056, Switzerland
| | - Fabio Lima
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Biomedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel 4056, Switzerland
| | - Francisco Garcia
- Discovery Sciences, Novartis Biomedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Scott Brittain
- Discovery Sciences, Novartis Biomedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Cara E Brocklehurst
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Biomedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel 4056, Switzerland
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Huang Z, Iqbal Z, Zhao Z, Chen X, Mahmmod A, Liu J, Li W, Deng Z. TMEM16 proteins: Ca 2+‑activated chloride channels and phospholipid scramblases as potential drug targets (Review). Int J Mol Med 2024; 54:81. [PMID: 39092585 PMCID: PMC11315658 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2024.5405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
TMEM16 proteins, which function as Ca2+‑activated Cl‑ channels are involved in regulating a wide variety of cellular pathways and functions. The modulators of Cl‑ channels can be used for the molecule‑based treatment of respiratory diseases, cystic fibrosis, tumors, cancer, osteoporosis and coronavirus disease 2019. The TMEM16 proteins link Ca2+ signaling, cellular electrical activity and lipid transport. Thus, deciphering these complex regulatory mechanisms may enable a more comprehensive understanding of the physiological functions of the TMEM16 proteins and assist in ascertaining the applicability of these proteins as potential pharmacological targets for the treatment of a range of diseases. The present review examined the structures, functions and characteristics of the different types of TMEM16 proteins, their association with the pathogenesis of various diseases and the applicability of TMEM16 modulator‑based treatment methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeqi Huang
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital (The First Hospital Affiliated to Shenzhen University), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, P.R. China
| | - Zoya Iqbal
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital (The First Hospital Affiliated to Shenzhen University), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, P.R. China
| | - Zhe Zhao
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital (The First Hospital Affiliated to Shenzhen University), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoqiang Chen
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital (The First Hospital Affiliated to Shenzhen University), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, P.R. China
| | - Ayesha Mahmmod
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Punjab 58240, Pakistan
| | - Jianquan Liu
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital (The First Hospital Affiliated to Shenzhen University), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, P.R. China
| | - Wencui Li
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital (The First Hospital Affiliated to Shenzhen University), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, P.R. China
| | - Zhiqin Deng
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital (The First Hospital Affiliated to Shenzhen University), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, P.R. China
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Lam AKM, Dutzler R. Mechanistic basis of ligand efficacy in the calcium-activated chloride channel TMEM16A. EMBO J 2023; 42:e115030. [PMID: 37984335 PMCID: PMC10711664 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2023115030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Agonist binding in ligand-gated ion channels is coupled to structural rearrangements around the binding site, followed by the opening of the channel pore. In this process, agonist efficacy describes the equilibrium between open and closed conformations in a fully ligand-bound state. Calcium-activated chloride channels in the TMEM16 family are important sensors of intracellular calcium signals and are targets for pharmacological modulators, yet a mechanistic understanding of agonist efficacy has remained elusive. Using a combination of cryo-electron microscopy, electrophysiology, and autocorrelation analysis, we now show that agonist efficacy in the ligand-gated channel TMEM16A is dictated by the conformation of the pore-lining helix α6 around the Ca2+ -binding site. The closure of the binding site, which involves the formation of a π-helix below a hinge region in α6, appears to be coupled to the opening of the inner pore gate, thereby governing the channel's open probability and conductance. Our results provide a mechanism for agonist binding and efficacy and a structural basis for the design of potentiators and partial agonists in the TMEM16 family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andy KM Lam
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Raimund Dutzler
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
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Li S, Wang Z, Geng R, Zhang W, Wan H, Kang X, Guo S. TMEM16A ion channel: A novel target for cancer treatment. Life Sci 2023; 331:122034. [PMID: 37611692 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Cancer draws attention owing to the high morbidity and mortality. It is urgent to develop safe and effective cancer therapeutics. The calcium-activated chloride channel TMEM16A is widely distributed in various tissues and regulates physiological functions. TMEM16A is abnormally expressed in several cancers and associate with tumorigenesis, metastasis, and prognosis. Knockdown or inhibition of TMEM16A in cancer cells significantly inhibits cancer development. Therefore, TMEM16A is considered as a biomarker and therapeutic target for some cancers. This work reviews the cancers associated with TMEM16A. Then, the molecular mechanism of TMEM16A overexpression in cancer was analyzed, and the possible signal transduction mechanism of TMEM16A regulating cancer development was summarized. Finally, TMEM16A inhibitors with anticancer effect and their anticancer mechanism were concluded. We hope to provide new ideas for pharmacological studies on TMEM16A in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuting Li
- School of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, Hebei, China
| | - Zhichen Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, Hebei, China
| | - Ruili Geng
- School of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, Hebei, China
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, Hebei, China
| | - Haifu Wan
- School of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, Hebei, China; Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, Hebei, China
| | - Xianjiang Kang
- School of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, Hebei, China; Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, Hebei, China.
| | - Shuai Guo
- School of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, Hebei, China; Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, Hebei, China.
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Feng S, Puchades C, Ko J, Wu H, Chen Y, Figueroa EE, Gu S, Han TW, Ho B, Cheng T, Li J, Shoichet B, Jan YN, Cheng Y, Jan LY. Identification of a drug binding pocket in TMEM16F calcium-activated ion channel and lipid scramblase. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4874. [PMID: 37573365 PMCID: PMC10423226 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40410-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The dual functions of TMEM16F as Ca2+-activated ion channel and lipid scramblase raise intriguing questions regarding their molecular basis. Intrigued by the ability of the FDA-approved drug niclosamide to inhibit TMEM16F-dependent syncytia formation induced by SARS-CoV-2, we examined cryo-EM structures of TMEM16F with or without bound niclosamide or 1PBC, a known blocker of TMEM16A Ca2+-activated Cl- channel. Here, we report evidence for a lipid scrambling pathway along a groove harboring a lipid trail outside the ion permeation pore. This groove contains the binding pocket for niclosamide and 1PBC. Mutations of two residues in this groove specifically affect lipid scrambling. Whereas mutations of some residues in the binding pocket of niclosamide and 1PBC reduce their inhibition of TMEM16F-mediated Ca2+ influx and PS exposure, other mutations preferentially affect the ability of niclosamide and/or 1PBC to inhibit TMEM16F-mediated PS exposure, providing further support for separate pathways for ion permeation and lipid scrambling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengjie Feng
- Department of Physiology, University of California San Francisco (UCSF) School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Cristina Puchades
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California San Francisco (UCSF) School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Juyeon Ko
- Department of Physiology, University of California San Francisco (UCSF) School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California San Francisco (UCSF) School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yifei Chen
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute; UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Eric E Figueroa
- Department of Physiology, University of California San Francisco (UCSF) School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Shuo Gu
- BioDuro-Sundia Inc., Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Tina W Han
- Department of Physiology, University of California San Francisco (UCSF) School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Dewpoint Therapeutics, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brandon Ho
- Department of Physiology, University of California San Francisco (UCSF) School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Tong Cheng
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute; UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Junrui Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California San Francisco (UCSF) School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Brian Shoichet
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco (UCSF) School of Pharmacy, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yuh Nung Jan
- Department of Physiology, University of California San Francisco (UCSF) School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California San Francisco (UCSF) School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute; UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yifan Cheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California San Francisco (UCSF) School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute; UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Lily Yeh Jan
- Department of Physiology, University of California San Francisco (UCSF) School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California San Francisco (UCSF) School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute; UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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Shi S, Ma B, Ji Q, Guo S, An H, Ye S. Identification of a druggable pocket of the calcium-activated chloride channel TMEM16A in its open state. J Biol Chem 2023:104780. [PMID: 37142220 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.104780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The calcium-activated chloride channel TMEM16A is a potential drug target to treat hypertension, secretory diarrhea, and several cancers. However, all reported TMEM16A structures are either closed or desensitized, and direct inhibition of the open state by drug molecules lacks a reliable structural basis. Therefore, revealing the druggable pocket of TMEM16A exposed in the open state is important for understanding protein-ligand interactions and facilitating rational drug design. Here, we reconstructed the calcium-activated open conformation of TMEM16A using an enhanced sampling algorithm and segmental modeling. Furthermore, we identified an open state druggable pocket and screened a potent TMEM16A inhibitor, etoposide, which is a derivative of a traditional herbal monomer. Molecular simulations and site-directed mutagenesis showed that etoposide binds to the open state of TMEM16A, thereby blocking the ion conductance pore of the channel. Finally, we demonstrated that etoposide can target TMEM16A to inhibit the proliferation of prostate cancer PC-3 cells. Together, these findings provide a deep understanding of the TMEM16A open state at an atomic level and identify pockets for the design of novel inhibitors with broad applications in chloride channel biology, biophysics, and medicinal chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Shi
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Function and Application of Biological Macromolecular Structures, School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Biao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Reliability and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China
| | - Qiushuang Ji
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Shuai Guo
- School of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, Hebei, China.
| | - Hailong An
- State Key Laboratory of Reliability and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China.
| | - Sheng Ye
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Function and Application of Biological Macromolecular Structures, School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
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Molecular mechanism of ion channel protein TMEM16A regulated by natural product of narirutin for lung cancer adjuvant treatment. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 223:1145-1157. [PMID: 36400205 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.11.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cancer chemotherapy drugs are widely criticized for their serious side effects and low cure rate. Therefore, adjuvant therapy as a combination with chemotherapy administration is being accepted by many patients. However, unclear drug targets and mechanisms limit the application of adjuvant treatment. In this study, we confirmed TMEM16A is a key drug target for lung adenocarcinoma, and narirutin is an effective anti-lung adenocarcinoma natural product. Virtual screening and fluorescence experiments confirmed that narirutin inhibits the molecular target TMEM16A, which is specific high-expression in lung adenocarcinoma. Molecular dynamics simulations and electrophysiological experiments revealed the precise molecular mechanism of narirutin regulating TMEM16A. The anticancer effect of narirutin and its synergistic effect on cisplatin were explored by cell proliferation, migration, and apoptosis assays. The signaling pathways regulated by narirutin were analyzed by western blot. Tumor xenograft mice experiments demonstrated the synergistic anticancer effect of narirutin and cisplatin, and the side effects of high concentrations of cisplatin were almost eliminated. Pharmacokinetic experiments showed the biological safety of narirutin is satisfactory in vivo. Based on the significant anticancer effect and high biosafety, naringin has great potential as a functional food in the adjuvant treatment of lung cancer.
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Al-Hosni R, Ilkan Z, Agostinelli E, Tammaro P. The pharmacology of the TMEM16A channel: therapeutic opportunities. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2022; 43:712-725. [PMID: 35811176 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2022.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The TMEM16A Ca2+-gated Cl- channel is involved in a variety of vital physiological functions and may be targeted pharmacologically for therapeutic benefit in diseases such as hypertension, stroke, and cystic fibrosis (CF). The determination of the TMEM16A structure and high-throughput screening efforts, alongside ex vivo and in vivo animal studies and clinical investigations, are hastening our understanding of the physiology and pharmacology of this channel. Here, we offer a critical analysis of recent developments in TMEM16A pharmacology and reflect on the therapeutic opportunities provided by this target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rumaitha Al-Hosni
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3QT, UK
| | - Zeki Ilkan
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3QT, UK
| | - Emilio Agostinelli
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3QT, UK
| | - Paolo Tammaro
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3QT, UK.
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