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Shamaitijiang X, Kimita W, Ko J, Skudder-Hill L, Liu Y, Petrov MS. Relationship of Liver Blood Tests and T1 Relaxation Time With Intra-pancreatic Fat Deposition. J Clin Exp Hepatol 2024; 14:101343. [PMID: 38304879 PMCID: PMC10827601 DOI: 10.1016/j.jceh.2023.101343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Liver is well recognised as a metabolically active organ. While intra-pancreatic fat deposition (IPFD) is emerging as an important player in the whole-body metabolism, the interplay between the liver and IPFD has been poorly investigated. This study aimed to investigate the associations of liver blood tests and non-invasive tests for hepatic fibrosis with IPFD. Methods Participants underwent a 3.0 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging to measure IPFD and map liver T1 (longitudinal relaxation time). Four liver tests were done on the same sample of blood. Hepatic fibrosis risk score (BARD) was calculated. Linear regression models were built, accounting for age, sex, visceral-to-subcutaneous fat ratio, and other covariates. Results A total of 143 individuals were studied. In the most adjusted model, alkaline phosphatase (P < 0.001), alanine aminotransferase (P < 0.001), and γ-glutamyl transferase (P = 0.042) were significantly positively associated with IPFD. The BARD score was not significantly associated with IPFD in the most adjusted model (P = 0.295). T1 relaxation time of the liver was not significantly associated with IPFD in the most adjusted model (P = 0.782). Conclusions Elevated alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase, and γ-glutamyl transferase are associated with increased IPFD. Hepatic fibrosis does not appear to be associated with IPFD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wandia Kimita
- School of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Juyeon Ko
- School of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - Yutong Liu
- School of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Maxim S. Petrov
- School of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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2
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Ko J, Tsao A, Kim R, Perry C, Oyoyo U, Kwon SR. Effect of Various Toothpaste Tablets on Gloss and Surface Roughness of Resin-based Composite Materials. Oper Dent 2024:500014. [PMID: 38632854 DOI: 10.2341/23-120-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effect of various toothpaste tablets on gloss and surface roughness of resin-based composite. METHODS AND MATERIALS Sixty-four resin-based composite specimens were divided into four groups of 16 specimens each. Gloss and roughness were measured before and after simulated brushing with three types of toothpaste tablets and one conventional toothpaste: CT: Chewtab Toothpaste Tablets; AT: Anticavity Toothpaste Tablets; HC: Charcoal Toothpaste Tablets; CP: Cavity Protection toothpaste. The Kruskal- Wallis procedure was performed to compare the differences by groups. Post-hoc comparisons were conducted with Bonferroni corrections (α=0.05). RESULTS There was a significant drop in gloss for all groups. CT and AT maintained the highest gloss with means of 81.6 GU and 74.1 GU, respectively. The lowest gloss of 24.5 GU was observed for HC. There was a significant increase in roughness for all groups except for CT. CT had the lowest roughness with a mean of 0.034 μm, while HC had the highest roughness with a mean of 0.074 μm. There was a significant correlation between post-brushing gloss and post-brushing roughness (p<0.001, r=-0.884). CONCLUSION Chewtab Toothpaste Tablets had the least effect on gloss and roughness, while Charcoal Toothpaste Tablets had the most negative effect on the surface properties of resin-based composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Ko
- Julia Ko, BSc, Department of Biomedical Science La Sierra University, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - A Tsao
- Adam Tsao, BSc, Department of Biomedical Science La Sierra University, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - R Kim
- Raymond Kim, BSc, Department of Biomedical Science La Sierra University, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - C Perry
- Christopher Perry, PhD, Department of Biochemistry, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - U Oyoyo
- Udochukwu Oyoyo, MPH, Dental Education Services, Loma Linda University School of Dentistry, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - S R Kwon
- *So Ran Kwon, DDS, MS, PhD, MS, professor, Division of General Dentistry, Loma Linda University School of Dentistry, Loma Linda, CA, USA
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Park W, Jang H, Ko J, Sohn J, Noh Y, Kim SY, Koh SB, Kim C, Cho J. Physical Activity-Induced Modification of the Association of Long-Term Air Pollution Exposure with the Risk of Depression in Older Adults. Yonsei Med J 2024; 65:227-233. [PMID: 38515360 PMCID: PMC10973559 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2023.0292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Evidence suggests that long-term air pollution exposures may induce depression; however, the influence of physical activity on this effect is unclear. We investigated modification of the associations between air pollution exposures and depression by the intensity of physical activity. MATERIALS AND METHODS This cross-sectional study included 1454 Korean adults. Depression was defined as a Geriatric Depression Scale score ≥8. Concentrations of particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5: diameter ≤10 µm and ≤2.5 µm, respectively) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) level at each participant's residential address were estimated. Based on metabolic equivalents, physical activity intensity was categorized as inactive, minimally active, or health-enhancing physical activity (HEPA). RESULTS Each 1-part per billion (ppb) NO2 concentration increase was significantly associated with a 6% [95% confidence interval (CI), 4%-8%] increase in depression risk. In older adults (≥65 years), a 1-ppb NO2 increase was associated (95% CI) with a 4% (1%-7%), 9% (5%-13%), and 21% (9%-33%) increase in depression risk in the inactive, minimally active, and HEPA groups, respectively. Compared with the inactive group, the minimally active (p=0.039) and HEPA groups (p=0.004) had higher NO2 exposure-associated depression risk. Associations of PM10 and PM2.5 with depression did not significantly differ by the intensity of physical activity. CONCLUSION We suggest that older adults who vigorously exercise outdoors may be susceptible to air pollution-related depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woongbi Park
- Department of Public Health, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Heeseon Jang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Juyeon Ko
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jungwoo Sohn
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Young Noh
- Department of Neurology, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Korea
| | - Sun-Young Kim
- Department of Cancer Control and Population Health, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Sang-Baek Koh
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Wonju Severance Christian Hospital, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Changsoo Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Institute for Environmental Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Institute of Human Complexity and Systems Science, Yonsei University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Jaelim Cho
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Institute for Environmental Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Institute of Human Complexity and Systems Science, Yonsei University, Incheon, Korea.
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Funchain P, Ni Y, Heald B, Bungo B, Arbesman M, Behera TR, McCormick S, Song JM, Kennedy LB, Nielsen SM, Esplin ED, Nizialek E, Ko J, Diaz-Montero CM, Gastman B, Stratigos AJ, Artomov M, Tsao H, Arbesman J. Germline Cancer Susceptibility in Individuals with Melanoma. J Am Acad Dermatol 2024:S0190-9622(24)00504-8. [PMID: 38513832 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2023.11.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prior studies have estimated a small number of individuals with melanoma (2-2.5%) have germline cancer predisposition, yet a recent twin study suggested melanoma has the highest hereditability among cancers. OBJECTIVE To determine the incidence of hereditary melanoma and characterize the spectrum of cancer predisposition genes that may increase the risk of melanoma. METHODS 400 individuals with melanoma and personal or family history of cancers underwent germline testing of >80 cancer predisposition genes. Comparative analysis of germline data was performed on 3 additional oncologic and dermatologic datasets. RESULTS Germline pathogenic/likely pathogenic (P/LP) variants were identified in 15.3% (61) individuals with melanoma. Most variants (41, 67%) involved genes considered unrelated to melanoma (BLM, BRIP1, CHEK2, MLH1, MSH2, PMS2, RAD51C). A third (20, 33%) were in genes previously associated with familial melanoma (BAP1, BRCA2, CDKN2A, MITF, TP53). Nearly half (30, 46.9%) of P/LP variants were in HRD genes. Validation cohorts demonstrated P/LP rates of 10.6% from an unselected oncologic cohort, 15.8% from a selected commercial testing cohort and 14.5% from a highly selected dermatologic study. LIMITATIONS Cohorts with varying degrees of selection, some retrospective. CONCLUSION Germline predisposition in individuals with melanoma is common, with clinically actionable findings diagnosed in 10.6% to 15.8%.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Funchain
- Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA.
| | - Y Ni
- Center for Immunotherapy & Precision Immuno-Oncology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - B Heald
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA; Invitae Corporation, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - B Bungo
- Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - M Arbesman
- Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - T R Behera
- Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA; Center for Immunotherapy & Precision Immuno-Oncology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - S McCormick
- Center Cancer Risk Assessment, Massachusetts General Hospital, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - J M Song
- Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA; Department of Hematology/Oncology, MetroHealth, Cleveland, USA
| | - L B Kennedy
- Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - S M Nielsen
- Invitae Corporation, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - E D Esplin
- Invitae Corporation, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - E Nizialek
- Department of Medical Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - J Ko
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - C M Diaz-Montero
- Center for Immunotherapy & Precision Immuno-Oncology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - B Gastman
- Dermatology and Plastic Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - A J Stratigos
- A. Sygros Hospital Medical School, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - H Tsao
- Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - J Arbesman
- Dermatology and Plastic Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Skudder-Hill L, Sequeira-Bisson IR, Ko J, Cho J, Poppitt SD, Petrov MS. Remnant cholesterol, but not low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, is associated with intra-pancreatic fat deposition. Diabetes Obes Metab 2023; 25:3337-3346. [PMID: 37529874 DOI: 10.1111/dom.15233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the associations of components of the lipid panel (and its derivatives) with intra-pancreatic fat deposition (IPFD). METHODS All participants underwent abdominal magnetic resonance imaging on the same 3.0-Tesla scanner and IPFD was quantified. Blood samples were collected in the fasted state for analysis of lipid panel components. A series of linear regression analyses was conducted, adjusting for age, sex, ethnicity, body mass index, fasting plasma glucose, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance, and liver fat deposition. RESULTS A total of 348 participants were included. Remnant cholesterol (P = 0.010) and triglyceride levels (P = 0.008) were positively, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level (P = 0.001) was negatively, associated with total IPFD in the most adjusted model. Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and total cholesterol were not significantly associated with total IPFD. Of the lipid panel components investigated, remnant cholesterol explained the greatest proportion (9.9%) of the variance in total IPFD. CONCLUSION Components of the lipid panel have different associations with IPFD. This may open up new opportunities for improving outcomes in people at high risk for cardiovascular diseases (who have normal low-density lipoprotein cholesterol) by reducing IPFD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ivana R Sequeira-Bisson
- Human Nutrition Unit, School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- High Value Nutrition, National Science Challenge, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Juyeon Ko
- School of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jaelim Cho
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sally D Poppitt
- School of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Human Nutrition Unit, School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- High Value Nutrition, National Science Challenge, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Maxim S Petrov
- School of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Skudder-Hill L, Coffey S, Sequeira-Bisson IR, Ko J, Poppitt SD, Petrov MS. Comprehensive analysis of dyslipidemia states associated with fat in the pancreas. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2023; 17:102881. [PMID: 37862954 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2023.102881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The global burden of cardiovascular diseases continues to rise, and it is increasingly acknowledged that guidelines based on traditional risk factors fail to identify a substantial fraction of people who develop cardiovascular diseases. Fat in the pancreas could be one of the unappreciated risk factors. This study aimed to investigate the associations of dyslipidemia states with fat in the pancreas. METHODS All participants underwent magnetic resonance imaging on the same 3.0 T scanner for quantification of fat in the pancreas, analyzed as both binary (i.e., fatty change of the pancreas) and continuous (i.e., intra-pancreatic fat deposition) variables. Statistical analyses were adjusted for body mass index, glycated hemoglobin, fasting insulin, ethnicity, age, and sex. RESULTS There were 346 participants studied. On most adjusted analyses, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol dyslipidemia was significantly associated with both fatty change of the pancreas (p = 0.010) and intra-pancreatic fat deposition (p = 0.008). Neither low-density lipoprotein cholesterol dyslipidemia nor triglyceride dyslipidemia were significantly associated with fatty change of the pancreas and intra-pancreatic fat deposition. The absence of any dyslipidemia was inversely associated with both fatty change of the pancreas (p = 0.016) and intra-pancreatic fat deposition (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Dyslipidemias are uncoupled when it comes to the relationship with fat in the pancreas, with only high-density lipoprotein cholesterol dyslipidemia having a consistent and strong link with it. The residual cardiovascular diseases risk may be attributed to fatty change of the pancreas.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sean Coffey
- Department of Medicine - HeartOtago, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Ivana R Sequeira-Bisson
- Human Nutrition Unit, School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; High Value Nutrition, National Science Challenge, New Zealand
| | - Juyeon Ko
- School of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Sally D Poppitt
- School of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Human Nutrition Unit, School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; High Value Nutrition, National Science Challenge, New Zealand; Riddet Centre of Research Excellence (CoRE) for Food and Nutrition, New Zealand
| | - Maxim S Petrov
- School of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
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7
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Kim Y, Ko J, Byun J, Seo J, Park B. Passivation effect on Cd 0.95Mn 0.05Te 0.98Se 0.02 radiation detection performance. Appl Radiat Isot 2023; 200:110914. [PMID: 37423060 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2023.110914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
CdTe-based detectors have the problem of Te-rich surface layers caused by Br etching, which is one of fabrication steps. Te-rich layer acts as a trapping center and serves as an additional source of charge carriers, thereby degrading transport property of charge carriers and enriching leakage current on surface of detector. To solve this problem, we introduced sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) as a passivant, and investigated its effect on Cd0.95Mn0.05Te0.98Se0.02 (CMTS), by analyzing chemical state of surface and its performance. After passivation with NaOCl, the results of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) shows the formation of tellurium oxide and elimination of water on CMTS surface, and CMTS presented enhanced performance with Am-241 radioisotope. Consequently, it is demonstrated that the passivation with NaOCl reduces leakage current, compensates defect, and elevates transport of charge carriers, thereby decreasing charge loss of carriers and improving performance of CMTS detector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Kim
- Marine Radioactivity Monitoring Group, Korea Marine Environment Management Corporation, Busan 48931, Republic of Korea; Interdisciplinary Program in Precision Public Health, Korea university, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - J Ko
- Department of Chemistry, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - J Byun
- Interdisciplinary Program in Precision Public Health, Korea university, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea; Department of Health and Safety Convergence Science, Korea university, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - J Seo
- Interdisciplinary Program in Precision Public Health, Korea university, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea; Department of Health and Safety Convergence Science, Korea university, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - B Park
- Interdisciplinary Program in Precision Public Health, Korea university, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea; Department of Health and Safety Convergence Science, Korea university, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea; Advanced Crystal Material/Device Research Center, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea.
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Kimita W, Ko J, Petrov MS. Relationship of Iron Intake, Ferritin, and Hepcidin with the Transverse Relaxation Rate of Water Protons in the Pancreas. Nutrients 2023; 15:3727. [PMID: 37686761 PMCID: PMC10490090 DOI: 10.3390/nu15173727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: There is a paucity of markers of iron metabolism in health and disease. The aim was to investigate the associations of iron metabolism with pancreas transverse water proton relaxation rate (R2water) in healthy individuals and people after an attack of pancreatitis. (2) Methods: All participants underwent a 3.0 T magnetic resonance imaging of the abdomen on the same scanner. High-speed T2-corrected multi-echo (HISTO) acquisition at single-voxel magnetic resonance spectroscopy and inline processing were used to quantify pancreas R2water. Habitual dietary intake of iron was determined using the EPIC-Norfolk food frequency questionnaire. Circulating levels of ferritin and hepcidin were measured. Generalised additive models were used, adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, and haemoglobin A1c. (3) Results: A total of 139 individuals (47 healthy individuals, 54 individuals after acute pancreatitis, and 38 individuals after chronic pancreatitis) were included. Total dietary intake of iron was significantly associated with pancreas R2water, consistently in healthy individuals (p < 0.001), individuals after acute pancreatitis (p < 0.001), and individuals after chronic pancreatitis (p < 0.001) across all the statistical models. Ferritin was significantly associated with pancreas R2water, consistently in healthy individuals (p < 0.001), individuals after acute pancreatitis (p < 0.001), and individuals after chronic pancreatitis (p = 0.01) across all adjusted models. Hepcidin was significantly associated with pancreas R2water in individuals after acute pancreatitis (p < 0.001) and individuals after chronic pancreatitis (p = 0.04) in the most adjusted model. (4) Conclusions: Pancreas R2water, corrected for T2, is related to iron metabolism in both health and pancreatitis. This non-invasive marker could be used for automated in vivo identification of intra-pancreatic iron deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Maxim S. Petrov
- School of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
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Al-Ani Z, Ko J, Petrov MS. Relationship of Serum Bile Acids with Fat Deposition in the Pancreas, Liver, and Skeletal Muscle. Clin Exp Gastroenterol 2023; 16:137-146. [PMID: 37605644 PMCID: PMC10440115 DOI: 10.2147/ceg.s422995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Ectopic fat deposition is well appreciated as a key contributor to digestive and liver diseases. Bile acids have emerged as pleiotropic signalling molecules involved in numerous metabolic pathways. The aim was to study the associations of bile acids with ectopic fat deposition and lipid panel. Methods A single 3.0 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging scanner was employed to measure fat deposition in the pancreas, liver, and skeletal muscle in 76 adults. Blood samples were drawn to determine total bile acids and lipid panel. Linear regression analyses were run, taking into account age, sex, body mass index, and other covariates. Results The studied ectopic fat depots were not significantly associated with levels of total bile acids in serum. Total bile acids were significantly associated high-density lipoprotein cholesterol - consistently in both the unadjusted (p = 0.018) and all adjusted models (p = 0.012 in the most adjusted model). Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, total cholesterol, and triglycerides were not significantly associated with total bile acids in both the unadjusted and all adjusted models. Conclusion Fat deposition in the pancreas, liver, and skeletal muscle is not associated with circulating levels of total bile acids. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol is the only component of lipid panel that is associated with total bile acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zena Al-Ani
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Juyeon Ko
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Maxim S Petrov
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Feng S, Puchades C, Ko J, Wu H, Chen Y, Figueroa EE, Gu S, Han TW, Ho B, Cheng T, Li J, Shoichet B, Jan YN, Cheng Y, Jan LY. Identification of a drug binding pocket in TMEM16F calcium-activated ion channel and lipid scramblase. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4874. [PMID: 37573365 PMCID: PMC10423226 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40410-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The dual functions of TMEM16F as Ca2+-activated ion channel and lipid scramblase raise intriguing questions regarding their molecular basis. Intrigued by the ability of the FDA-approved drug niclosamide to inhibit TMEM16F-dependent syncytia formation induced by SARS-CoV-2, we examined cryo-EM structures of TMEM16F with or without bound niclosamide or 1PBC, a known blocker of TMEM16A Ca2+-activated Cl- channel. Here, we report evidence for a lipid scrambling pathway along a groove harboring a lipid trail outside the ion permeation pore. This groove contains the binding pocket for niclosamide and 1PBC. Mutations of two residues in this groove specifically affect lipid scrambling. Whereas mutations of some residues in the binding pocket of niclosamide and 1PBC reduce their inhibition of TMEM16F-mediated Ca2+ influx and PS exposure, other mutations preferentially affect the ability of niclosamide and/or 1PBC to inhibit TMEM16F-mediated PS exposure, providing further support for separate pathways for ion permeation and lipid scrambling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengjie Feng
- Department of Physiology, University of California San Francisco (UCSF) School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Cristina Puchades
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California San Francisco (UCSF) School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Juyeon Ko
- Department of Physiology, University of California San Francisco (UCSF) School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California San Francisco (UCSF) School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yifei Chen
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute; UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Eric E Figueroa
- Department of Physiology, University of California San Francisco (UCSF) School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Shuo Gu
- BioDuro-Sundia Inc., Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Tina W Han
- Department of Physiology, University of California San Francisco (UCSF) School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Dewpoint Therapeutics, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brandon Ho
- Department of Physiology, University of California San Francisco (UCSF) School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Tong Cheng
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute; UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Junrui Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California San Francisco (UCSF) School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Brian Shoichet
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco (UCSF) School of Pharmacy, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yuh Nung Jan
- Department of Physiology, University of California San Francisco (UCSF) School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California San Francisco (UCSF) School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute; UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yifan Cheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California San Francisco (UCSF) School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute; UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Lily Yeh Jan
- Department of Physiology, University of California San Francisco (UCSF) School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California San Francisco (UCSF) School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute; UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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Al-Ani Z, Ko J, Petrov MS. Intra-pancreatic fat deposition across the pancreatitis spectrum and the influence of gut hormones. Dig Liver Dis 2023; 55:1081-1090. [PMID: 36878840 DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2023.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Acute pancreatitis (AP) and chronic pancreatitis (CP) often represent parts of the spectrum of disease. While growing evidence indicates that intra-pancreatic fat deposition (IPFD) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of pancreatitis, no study of living individuals has investigated IPFD in both AP and CP. Further, the associations between IPFD and gut hormones remain to be elucidated. The aims were to investigate the associations of IPFD with AP, CP, and health; and to study whether gut hormones affect these associations. METHODS Magnetic resonance imaging on the same 3.0 Tesla scanner was used to determine IPFD in 201 study participants. These participants were arranged into the health, AP, and CP groups. Gut hormones (ghrelin, glucagon-like peptide-1, gastric inhibitory peptide, peptide YY, and oxyntomodulin) were measured in blood, both after an 8-hour overnight fasting and after ingestion of a standardised mixed meal. A series of linear regression analyses was run, accounting for age, sex, ethnicity, body mass index, glycated haemoglobin, and triglycerides. RESULTS Both the AP group and CP group had significantly higher IPFD in comparison with the health group, consistently across all models (p for trend 0.027 in the most adjusted model). Ghrelin in the fasted state had a significant positive association with IPFD in the AP group (but not the CP or health group), consistently across all models (p = 0.019 in the most adjusted model). None of the studied gut hormones in the postprandial state was significantly associated with IPFD. CONCLUSION Fat deposition in the pancreas is similarly high in individuals with AP and those with CP. The gut-brain axis, and more specifically overexpression of ghrelin, may contribute to increased IPFD in individuals with AP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zena Al-Ani
- School of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Juyeon Ko
- School of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Maxim S Petrov
- School of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
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Won J, Kim J, Jeong H, Kim J, Feng S, Jeong B, Kwak M, Ko J, Im W, So I, Lee HH. Molecular architecture of the Gα i-bound TRPC5 ion channel. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2550. [PMID: 37137991 PMCID: PMC10156788 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38281-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) and ion channels serve as key molecular switches through which extracellular stimuli are transformed into intracellular effects, and it has long been postulated that ion channels are direct effector molecules of the alpha subunit of G-proteins (Gα). However, no complete structural evidence supporting the direct interaction between Gα and ion channels is available. Here, we present the cryo-electron microscopy structures of the human transient receptor potential canonical 5 (TRPC5)-Gαi3 complexes with a 4:4 stoichiometry in lipid nanodiscs. Remarkably, Gαi3 binds to the ankyrin repeat edge of TRPC5 ~ 50 Å away from the cell membrane. Electrophysiological analysis shows that Gαi3 increases the sensitivity of TRPC5 to phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2), thereby rendering TRPC5 more easily opened in the cell membrane, where the concentration of PIP2 is physiologically regulated. Our results demonstrate that ion channels are one of the direct effector molecules of Gα proteins triggered by GPCR activation-providing a structural framework for unraveling the crosstalk between two major classes of transmembrane proteins: GPCRs and ion channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jongdae Won
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinsung Kim
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeongseop Jeong
- Center for Research Equipment, Korea Basic Science Institute, Chungcheongbuk-do, 28119, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinhyeong Kim
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Shasha Feng
- Department of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, 18015, USA
| | - Byeongseok Jeong
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Misun Kwak
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Juyeon Ko
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Wonpil Im
- Department of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, 18015, USA
| | - Insuk So
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyung Ho Lee
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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Chowdhry S, Milutinovic S, Tse E, Garcia S, Perusse D, Ritland M, Ko J, Wilkinson D, Turner K, Steffy A, Plum J, Norman B, Pferdekamper A, Meyer T, Liao D, Elsdon R, Lange J, Pinkerton A, Hansen R, Hassig C, Kasibhatla S. Abstract 1626: Tumors driven by oncogene amplified extrachromosomal DNA (ecDNA) demonstrate enhanced sensitivity to cell cycle checkpoint kinase 1 (CHK1) inhibition. Cancer Res 2023. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2023-1626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Patients whose tumors harbor oncogene amplification on extrachromosomal DNA (ecDNA) fail to respond to targeted or immune therapy and have poor prognosis. ecDNA are cancer-specific circular fragments of genomic DNA engendered with unique properties, including open chromatin architecture associated with hyper transcription and a predilection for structural variation. In addition, ecDNA+ tumors have tremendous copy number heterogeneity mediated through acentric, non-Mendelian segregation. These properties afford ecDNA+ tumors with unparalleled genomic plasticity permitting circumvention of therapeutic pressure. However, these features also confer heightened levels of DNA replication stress (RS), and we have found that ecDNA amplified tumor cells are hyper-reliant on CHK1, a master regulator of the cellular RS response. We identified CHK1 as an ecDNA essential target in a CRISPR genetic screen using a methotrexate-induced ecDNA amplification model in HeLa cancer cells. ecDNA-dependent cell fitness assessment of CHK1 was confirmed using a flow cytometry-based CRISPR competition assay. The target was further validated using a CHK1 inhibitor (CHK1i) tool compound in MYC-amplified COLO320 isogenic cell lines that demonstrated a 10-fold enhanced cytotoxicity in the ecDNA amplified setting.Based on these results, we developed a highly potent, selective, and orally bioavailable CHK1i optimized as an ecDNA-directed therapeutic (ecDTx). An advanced lead, BBI-cmpd1, robustly induced RS biomarkers (e.g., pRPA) in ecDNA+ COLO320 tumor cells as compared to matched chromosomally-amplified (ecDNA-) COLO320 cells, consistent with the increased reliance on CHK1 to manage elevated RS in the ecDNA amplified setting. BBI-cmpd1 demonstrated potent anti-proliferative activity against a panel of ecDNA+ oncogene amplified tumor lines as compared to non-amplified lines demonstrating oncogene and indication agnostic efficacy in ecDNA-based tumors. Oral administration of BBI-cmpd1 resulted in on-target activity against CHK1 and anti-tumor activity in an ecDNA oncogene amplified tumor model in vivo. These findings support the clinical utility of potent, selective, and oral CHK1i to address the significant unmet need driven by ecDNA oncogene amplified cancers.
Citation Format: Sudhir Chowdhry, Snezana Milutinovic, Edison Tse, Salvador Garcia, Dean Perusse, Melissa Ritland, Juyeon Ko, Deepti Wilkinson, Kristen Turner, Auzon Steffy, Joshua Plum, Ben Norman, AnnMarie Pferdekamper, Todd Meyer, Debbie Liao, Rachelle Elsdon, Joshua Lange, Anthony Pinkerton, Ryan Hansen, Christian Hassig, Shailaja Kasibhatla. Tumors driven by oncogene amplified extrachromosomal DNA (ecDNA) demonstrate enhanced sensitivity to cell cycle checkpoint kinase 1 (CHK1) inhibition [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 1626.
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Ko J, Kim J, Myeong J, Kwak M, So I. Negative self-regulation of transient receptor potential canonical 4 by the specific interaction with phospholipase C-δ1. Korean J Physiol Pharmacol 2023; 27:187-196. [PMID: 36815258 PMCID: PMC9968946 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2023.27.2.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Transient receptor potential canonical (TRPC) channels are non-selective calcium-permeable cation channels. It is suggested that TRPC4β is regulated by phospholipase C (PLC) signaling and is especially maintained by phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2). In this study, we present the regulation mechanism of the TRPC4 channel with PIP2 hydrolysis which is mediated by a channel-bound PLCδ1 but not by the GqPCR signaling pathway. Our electrophysiological recordings demonstrate that the Ca2+ via an open TRPC4 channel activates PLCδ1 in the physiological range, and it causes the decrease of current amplitude. The existence of PLCδ1 accelerated PIP2 depletion when the channel was activated by an agonist. Interestingly, PLCδ1 mutants which have lost the ability to regulate PIP2 level failed to reduce the TRPC4 current amplitude. Our results demonstrate that TRPC4 self-regulates its activity by allowing Ca2+ ions into the cell and promoting the PIP2 hydrolyzing activity of PLCδ1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juyeon Ko
- Department of Physiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Jinhyeong Kim
- Department of Physiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Jongyun Myeong
- Department of Physiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Misun Kwak
- Department of Physiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Insuk So
- Department of Physiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea,Correspondence Insuk So, E-mail:
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Charles S, Liu Y, Kimita W, Ko J, Bharmal SH, Petrov MS. Effect of D-β-hydroxybutyrate-( R)-1,3 butanediol on plasma levels of asprosin and leptin: results from a randomised controlled trial. Food Funct 2023; 14:759-768. [PMID: 36594212 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo02405e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background: D-β-Hydroxybutyrate-(R)-1,3 butanediol - a non-racemic ketone monoester for ingestion - has emerged as an effective way to achieve acute nutritional ketosis. Whether white adipose tissue plays a role in effects of acute nutritional ketosis is largely unknown. Objective: To investigate the effects of acute nutritional ketosis on plasma levels of asprosin and leptin and if they are affected by abdominal fat phenotypes. Methods: The design was a randomised crossover trial. Participants received either the D-β-hydroxybutyrate-(R)-1,3 butanediol monoester (KEβHB) drink or placebo drink. Blood samples were collected at baseline, 30, 60, 90, 120, and 150 minutes. 3.0 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging was used to measure visceral and subcutaneous fat volumes (VFV and SFV, respectively), intra-hepatic fat deposition (IHFD), and intra-pancreatic fat deposition (IPFD). Results: A total of 18 adults were randomised, with no drop-outs. There were no significant differences in plasma levels of asprosin and leptin (p = 0.808 and p = 0.907, respectively) between the KEβHB and placebo drinks. There was no effect of time, treatment, or interaction between time and treatment on asprosin and leptin. After stratification by the VFV/SFV ratio, IHFD, and IPFD, there were no differences in asprosin and leptin between the KEβHB and placebo drinks. Conclusion: Plasma levels of asprosin and leptin were not significantly affected by acute nutritional ketosis. Abdominal fat phenotypes did not significantly affect circulating levels of the two hormones. White adipose tissue does not appear to play a role in altering hormone levels during acute nutritional ketosis. The clinical trial registry number is NCT03889210 (https://clinicaltrials.gov).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjali Charles
- School of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Yutong Liu
- School of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Wandia Kimita
- School of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Juyeon Ko
- School of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Sakina H Bharmal
- School of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Maxim S Petrov
- School of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
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Murillo C, Ko J, Moore G, Weil A, Kreuzer M. Using Sedline® Brain function monitor to evaluate electroencephalographic changes during propofol anesthesia in young healthy dogs. Vet Anaesth Analg 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaa.2022.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Ko J, Sequeira IR, Skudder-Hill L, Cho J, Poppitt SD, Petrov MS. Metabolic traits affecting the relationship between liver fat and intrapancreatic fat: a mediation analysis. Diabetologia 2023; 66:190-200. [PMID: 36194248 PMCID: PMC9729324 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-022-05793-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS The clinical importance of fat deposition in the liver and pancreas is increasingly recognised. However, to what extent deposition of fat in these two depots is affected by intermediate variables is unknown. The aim of this work was to conduct a mediation analysis with a view to uncovering the metabolic traits that underlie the relationship between liver fat and intrapancreatic fat deposition (IPFD) and quantifying their effect. METHODS All participants underwent MRI/magnetic resonance spectroscopy on the same 3.0 T scanner to determine liver fat and IPFD. IPFD of all participants was quantified manually by two independent raters in duplicate. A total of 16 metabolic traits (representing markers of glucose metabolism, incretins, lipid panel, liver enzymes, pancreatic hormones and their derivatives) were measured in blood. Mediation analysis was conducted, taking into account age, sex, ethnicity and BMI. Significance of mediation was tested by computing bias-corrected bootstrap CIs with 5000 repetitions. RESULTS A total of 353 individuals were studied. Plasma glucose, HDL-cholesterol and triacylglycerol mediated 6.8%, 17.9% and 24.3%, respectively, of the association between liver fat and IPFD. Total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase, insulin, glucagon, amylin, C-peptide, HbA1c, glucagon-like peptide-1 and gastric inhibitory peptide did not mediate the association between liver fat and IPFD. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION At least one-quarter of the association between liver fat and IPFD is mediated by specific blood biomarkers (triacylglycerol, HDL-cholesterol and glucose), after accounting for potential confounding by age, sex, ethnicity and BMI. This unveils the complexity of the association between the two fat depots and presents specific targets for intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juyeon Ko
- School of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Ivana R Sequeira
- Human Nutrition Unit, School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- High Value Nutrition, National Science Challenge, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - Jaelim Cho
- School of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Sally D Poppitt
- School of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Human Nutrition Unit, School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- High Value Nutrition, National Science Challenge, Auckland, New Zealand
- Riddet Centre of Research Excellence for Food and Nutrition, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Maxim S Petrov
- School of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
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18
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Kimita W, Bharmal SH, Ko J, Petrov MS. Identifying endotypes of individuals after an attack of pancreatitis based on unsupervised machine learning of multiplex cytokine profiles. Transl Res 2023; 251:54-62. [PMID: 35863673 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2022.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
After an attack of pancreatitis, individuals may develop metabolic sequelae (eg, new-onset diabetes) and/or pancreatic cancer. These new-onset morbidities are, at least in part, driven by low-grade inflammation. The aim was to study the profiles of cytokines/chemokines in individuals after an attack of pancreatitis. A commercially available panel including 31 cytokines/chemokines was investigated. Random forest classifier and unsupervised hierarchical clustering were applied to study participants (who had no persistent organ failure and did not require ICU admission) according to their cytokine/chemokine profiles. Pancreatitis-related characteristics, detailed body composition (determined using 3.0 T magnetic resonance imaging), markers of glucose, lipid, and iron metabolism, gut and pancreatic hormones, as well as liver and pancreatic enzymes, were compared between clusters. Bootstrap validation was employed. A total of 160 participants, including 107 postpancreatitis individuals (investigated at a median of 18 months after the last attack of pancreatitis) and 53 healthy volunteers, were studied. Twenty-two cytokines/chemokines were significantly different between postpancreatitis and health. Two distinct endotypes of individuals after an attack of pancreatitis were identified-‟inflammatory" and ‟noninflammatory." Sixteen cytokines/chemokines were significantly higher in the inflammatory endotype compared with the noninflammatory endotype. No cytokine/chemokine was significantly higher in the noninflammatory endotype. The inflammatory endotype was characterized by significantly elevated insulin (P= 0.001), glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (P = 0.001), peptide YY (P = 0.017), and ghrelin (P = 0.014). The noninflammatory endotype was characterized by significantly elevated hepcidin (P= 0.016). Pancreatitis-related factors, body composition, and other studied parameters did not differ significantly between the 2 endotypes. Individuals with a similar phenotype and clinical course of pancreatitis have differing cytokine/chemokine profiles after clinical resolution of the disease. People with the inflammatory endotype have distinct changes in the pancreatic and gut hormones known to be involved in the pathogenesis of new-onset morbidities after an attack of pancreatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wandia Kimita
- School of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Sakina H Bharmal
- School of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Juyeon Ko
- School of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Maxim S Petrov
- School of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
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Shin LJ, Koenig LR, Ko J, Upadhyay UD. P030Interest in rh testing and rho(d) immune globulin received among patients obtaining first-trimester medication abortion through virtual clinics. Contraception 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.contraception.2022.09.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Na B, Kang J, Lee M, Jung L, Hahn S, Yoo J, Jeong J, Ko J, Sung C. Experimental and numerical evaluation of the neutral beam deposition profile in KSTAR. Fusion Engineering and Design 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2022.113320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Upadhyay UD, Koenig LR, Ko J, Sietstra C, Biggs MA. P098Interest in late period pills in the US: A nationally representative survey. Contraception 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.contraception.2022.09.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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22
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Koenig LR, Ko J, Valladares E, Coeytaux F, Wells E, Lyles C, Upadhyay UD. P033Patient acceptability of asynchronous vs synchronous telehealth medication abortion care in the US. Contraception 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.contraception.2022.09.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Upadhyay UD, Koenig LR, Ko J, Valladares E, Meckstroth K, Biggs MA. O03Safety and effectiveness of synchronous and asynchronous telehealth medication abortion provided by us virtual clinics. Contraception 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.contraception.2022.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Kimita W, Ko J, Li X, Bharmal SH, Petrov MS. Associations Between Iron Homeostasis and Pancreatic Enzymes After an Attack of Pancreatitis. Pancreas 2022; 51:1277-1283. [PMID: 37099767 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0000000000002195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Dysregulation of iron homeostasis and exocrine pancreatic dysfunction are linked but remain undefined in individuals with a history of pancreatitis. The objective is to investigate the relationship between iron homeostasis and pancreatic enzymes in individuals after a pancreatitis attack. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study of adults with a history of pancreatitis. Markers of iron metabolism (hepcidin and ferritin) and pancreatic enzymes (pancreatic amylase, pancreatic lipase, and chymotrypsin) were measured in venous blood. Habitual dietary iron intake data (total, heme, and nonheme iron) were collected. Multivariable linear regression analyses were performed while considering covariates. RESULTS One hundred and one participants were studied at a median of 18 months after their last pancreatitis attack. Hepcidin was significantly associated with pancreatic amylase (β coefficient, -6.68; 95% confidence interval, -12.88 to -0.48; P = 0.035) and heme iron intake (β coefficient, 0.34; 95% confidence interval, 0.08 to 0.60; P = 0.012) in the adjusted model. Hepcidin was not significantly associated with pancreatic lipase or chymotrypsin. Ferritin was not significantly associated with pancreatic enzymes and dietary iron intake. CONCLUSIONS An iron homeostasis-exocrine pancreas crosstalk exists in individuals after an attack of pancreatitis. The role of iron homeostasis in pancreatitis warrants high-quality purposely-designed studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wandia Kimita
- From the School of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Hendrickse A, Ko J, Sakai T. The care of donors and recipients in adult living donor liver transplantation. BJA Educ 2022; 22:387-395. [PMID: 36132878 PMCID: PMC9482866 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjae.2022.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A. Hendrickse
- University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - J. Ko
- Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - T. Sakai
- UPMC (University of Pittsburgh Medical Center), Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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van Egmond S, Cai Z, Nava V, Rapaport B, Ko J, Chiou A, Sarin K, Tang J, Bousheri S, Zhang L, Linos E. 349 Development of a digital tool for home-based monitoring of skin disease for older adults. J Invest Dermatol 2022. [PMCID: PMC9296962 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2022.05.358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Beck L, Boguniewicz M, Hata T, Fuxench Z, Simpson E, De Benedetto A, Ko J, Ong P, Yoshida T, Gallo R, Lussier S, David G, Schlievert P, Gill S, Rudman Spergel A, Leung D. 519 Rapid reduction in S. aureus & cytotoxins in dupilumab treated atopic dermatitis subjects. J Invest Dermatol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2022.05.529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Skudder-Hill L, Sequeira IR, Cho J, Ko J, Poppitt SD, Petrov MS. Fat Distribution Within the Pancreas According to Diabetes Status and Insulin Traits. Diabetes 2022; 71:1182-1192. [PMID: 35234845 DOI: 10.2337/db21-0976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
A growing body of evidence suggests that intrapancreatic fat is associated with diabetes, but whether distribution of intrapancreatic fat across the regions of the pancreas has a pathophysiologic role is unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the differences in intrapancreatic fat deposition between the head, body, and tail of the pancreas, as well as the relationship between regional intrapancreatic fat deposition and diabetes status and insulin traits. A total of 368 adults from the general population underwent MRI on a 3 Tesla scanner, and intrapancreatic fat was manually quantified in duplicate. Statistical models included adjustment for age, sex, ethnicity, BMI, and liver fat. Intrapancreatic fat deposition in the head, body, and tail of the pancreas did not differ significantly in adjusted models in either the overall cohort or the three subgroups based on diabetes status. HOMA of insulin resistance and fasting insulin were significantly positively associated with fat in the tail and body of the pancreas. There was no significant association between regional intrapancreatic fat and HOMA of β-cell function. The association of increased intrapancreatic fat deposition in the tail and body regions with increased insulin resistance may have an important role in the early identification of patients at risk for developing insulin resistance and diseases that stem from it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loren Skudder-Hill
- School of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yuquan Hospital Affiliated to Tsinghua University School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ivana R Sequeira
- Human Nutrition Unit, School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jaelim Cho
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Juyeon Ko
- School of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Sally D Poppitt
- School of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Human Nutrition Unit, School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Riddet Institute, Centre of Research Excellence (CoRE) for Food and Nutrition, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Maxim S Petrov
- School of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Norbitt CF, Kimita W, Bharmal SH, Ko J, Petrov MS. Relationship between Habitual Intake of Vitamins and New-Onset Prediabetes/Diabetes after Acute Pancreatitis. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14071480. [PMID: 35406092 PMCID: PMC9003206 DOI: 10.3390/nu14071480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamins have many established roles in human health. However, the role of habitual dietary intake of vitamins in glucose homeostasis in individuals after acute pancreatitis (AP) is yet to be elucidated. The aim was to investigate the associations between habitual intake of fat- and water-soluble vitamins/vitamers and markers of glucose metabolism (fasting plasma glucose (FPG), homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index, and homeostasis model assessment β-cell function (HOMA-β)) in individuals after AP. A total of 106 participants after AP were included in this cross-sectional study and were grouped based on glycaemic status: new-onset prediabetes/diabetes after AP (NODAP), pre-existing prediabetes/type 2 diabetes (T2DM), and normoglycaemia after AP (NAP). Habitual intake of seven fat-soluble vitamins/vitamers and seven water-soluble vitamins were determined by the EPIC-Norfolk food frequency questionnaire. Multiple linear regression analyses were conducted using five statistical models built to adjust for covariates (age, sex, daily energy intake, visceral/subcutaneous fat volume ratio, smoking status, daily alcohol intake, aetiology of AP, number of AP episodes, cholecystectomy, and use of antidiabetic medications). In the NODAP group, three fat-soluble vitamins/vitamers (α-carotene, β-carotene, and total carotene) were significantly associated with HOMA-β. One water-soluble vitamin (vitamin B3) was also significantly associated with HOMA-β in the NODAP group. None of the studied vitamins were significantly associated with FPG or HOMA-IR in the NODAP group. Prospective longitudinal studies and randomised controlled trials are now warranted to investigate if the observed associations between vitamin/vitamer intake and NODAP are causal and to unveil the specific mechanisms underlying their involvement with NODAP.
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Abunahel BM, Pontre B, Ko J, Petrov MS. Towards developing a robust radiomics signature in diffuse diseases of the pancreas: Accuracy and stability of features derived from T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging. J Med Imaging Radiat Sci 2022; 53:420-428. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmir.2022.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Bharmal SH, Cho J, Ko J, Petrov MS. Glucose variability during the early course of acute pancreatitis predicts two‐year probability of new‐onset diabetes: A prospective longitudinal cohort study. United European Gastroenterol J 2022; 10:179-189. [PMID: 35188346 PMCID: PMC8911543 DOI: 10.1002/ueg2.12190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Acute pancreatitis (AP) is the largest contributor to diabetes of the exocrine pancreas. However, there is no accurate predictor at the time of hospitalisation for AP to identify individuals at high risk for new‐onset diabetes. Objective To investigate the accuracy of indices of glucose variability (GV) during the early course of AP in predicting the glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) trajectories during follow‐up. Methods This was a prospective longitudinal cohort study of patients without diabetes at the time of hospitalisation for AP. Fasting blood glucose was regularly measured over the first 72 h of hospital admission. The study endpoint was the HbA1c trajectories ‐ high‐increasing, moderate‐stable, normal‐stable ‐ over two years of follow‐up. Multinomial logistic regression analyses were conducted to investigate the associations between several common GV indices and the HbA1c trajectories, adjusting for covariates (age, sex, and body mass index). A sensitivity analysis constrained to patients with non‐necrotising AP was conducted. Results A total of 120 consecutive patients were studied. All patients in the high‐increasing HbA1c trajectory group had new‐onset diabetes at 18 and 24 months of follow‐up. Glycaemic lability index had the strongest significant direct association (adjusted odds ratio = 13.69; p = 0.040) with the high‐increasing HbA1c trajectory. High admission blood glucose, standard deviation of blood glucose, and average real variability significantly increased the patients' odds of taking the high‐increasing HbA1c trajectory by at least two‐times. Admission blood glucose, but not the other GV indices, had a significant direct association (adjusted odds ratio = 1.46; p = 0.034) with the moderate‐stable HbA1c trajectory. The above findings did not change materially in patients with non‐necrotising AP alone. Conclusions High GV during the early course of AP gives a prescient warning of worsening HbA1c pattern and new‐onset diabetes after hospital discharge. Determining GV during hospitalisation could be a relatively straightforward approach to early identification of individuals at high risk for new‐onset diabetes after AP.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jaelim Cho
- School of Medicine University of Auckland Auckland New Zealand
| | - Juyeon Ko
- School of Medicine University of Auckland Auckland New Zealand
| | - Maxim S. Petrov
- School of Medicine University of Auckland Auckland New Zealand
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Cheng Y, Feng S, Puchades C, Ko J, Figueroa E, Chen Y, Wu H, Gu S, Han T, Li J, Ho B, Shoichet B, Jan YN, Jan L. Identification of a conserved drug binding pocket in TMEM16 proteins. Res Sq 2022:rs.3.rs-1296933. [PMID: 35169791 PMCID: PMC8845511 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-1296933/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The TMEM16 family of calcium-activated membrane proteins includes ten mammalian paralogs (TMEM16A-K) playing distinct physiological roles with some implicated in cancer and airway diseases. Their modulators with therapeutic potential include 1PBC, a potent inhibitor with anti-tumoral properties, and the FDA-approved drug niclosamide that targets TMEM16F to inhibit syncytia formation induced by SARS-CoV-2 infection. Here, we report cryo-EM structures of TMEM16F associated with 1PBC and niclosamide, revealing that both molecules bind the same drug binding pocket. We functionally and computationally validate this binding pocket in TMEM16A as well as TMEM16F, thereby showing that drug modulation also involves residues that are not conserved between TMEM16A and TMEM16F. This study establishes a much-needed structural framework for the development of more potent and more specific drug molecules targeting TMEM16 proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Hao Wu
- University of California San Francisco
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Lily Jan
- University of California, San Francisco
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Ko J, Skudder-Hill L, Priya S, Kimita W, Bharmal SH, Petrov MS. Associations between Intra-Pancreatic Fat Deposition, Pancreas Size, and Pancreatic Enzymes in Health and after an Attack of Acute Pancreatitis. Obes Facts 2022; 15:70-82. [PMID: 34753126 PMCID: PMC8820142 DOI: 10.1159/000519621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ectopic fat deposition in the pancreas is involved in the pathogenesis of metabolic sequelae following an attack of pancreatitis. However, its relationship with the exocrine pancreas has never been explored in this setting. The aim was to investigate the associations between intra-pancreatic fat deposition (IPFD), pancreas size, and pancreatic enzymes. METHODS This cross-sectional study recruited individuals with a history of acute pancreatitis and healthy controls. All participants underwent 3T magnetic resonance imaging, from which IPFD, total pancreas volume (TPV), and pancreas diameters (across the head, body, and tail) were measured independently by 2 raters in a blinded fashion. Circulating levels of pancreatic amylase, pancreatic lipase, and chymotrypsin were measured in a fasted state. A series of linear regression analyses was conducted, accounting for possible confounders. RESULTS A total of 108 individuals with pancreatitis and 60 healthy controls were studied. There was a statistically significant difference in IPFD (p < 0.001), but not in TPV (p = 0.389), between the groups. In the post-pancreatitis group, IPFD was significantly inversely associated with pancreas tail diameter (β = -0.736, p = 0.036 in the most adjusted model). In the control group, IPFD was significantly inversely associated with TPV (β = -3.557, p = 0.026 in the most adjusted model). Levels of pancreatic amylase were significantly directly associated with pancreas tail diameter in the post-pancreatitis group (β = 3.891, p = 0.042 in the most adjusted model), whereas levels of pancreatic lipase were significantly inversely associated with TPV in the control group (β = -10.533, p = 0.024 in the most adjusted model). CONCLUSION Increased IPFD in individuals after an attack of pancreatitis is associated with reduced pancreas tail diameter, which is in turn associated with reduced circulating levels of pancreatic amylase. The relationship between IPFD and the exocrine pancreas warrants further investigations.
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Bharmal SH, Kimita W, Ko J, Petrov MS. Cytokine signature for predicting new-onset prediabetes after acute pancreatitis: A prospective longitudinal cohort study. Cytokine 2021; 150:155768. [PMID: 34823207 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2021.155768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE Acute inflammation of the pancreas often leads to metabolic sequelae, the most common of which is new-onset prediabetes (and, ultimately, diabetes). However, there is a lack of studies on predictors of this sequela. The aim was to investigate whether cytokines/chemokines measured at baseline are predictive of new-onset prediabetes after acute pancreatitis (NOPAP). METHODS This was a prospective longitudinal cohort study (as part of the LACERTA project) that included 68 individuals with non-necrotising acute pancreatitis who had no diabetes mellitus. Of them, 17 individuals had prediabetes at baseline and during follow-up, 37 individuals had normoglycaemia at baseline and during follow-up, and 14 individuals had normoglycaemia at baseline and developed NOPAP during follow-up. A commercially available human cytokine/chemokine multiplex kit was used to measure a total of 28 analytes at baseline. Multinomial regression analyses were conducted to investigate the associations between the cytokines/chemokines and the three study groups. RESULTS Interleukin-1β and interferon γ significantly predicted progression to NOPAP with an odds ratio (95% confidence interval) of 1.097 (1.002, 1.201) and 1.094 (1.003, 1.192), respectively (after accounting for age, sex, body mass index, and aetiology of acute pancreatitis). None of the studied cytokines/chemokines showed statistically significant associations with the antecedent prediabetes group (after accounting for the above covariates). CONCLUSION Elevated levels of interleukin-1β and interferon γ in acute pancreatitis individuals with normoglycaemia at baseline may predict progression to NOPAP during follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wandia Kimita
- School of Medicine, University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Juyeon Ko
- School of Medicine, University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Maxim S Petrov
- School of Medicine, University of Auckland, New Zealand.
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Norbitt CF, Kimita W, Ko J, Bharmal SH, Petrov MS. Associations of Habitual Mineral Intake with New-Onset Prediabetes/Diabetes after Acute Pancreatitis. Nutrients 2021; 13:3978. [PMID: 34836234 PMCID: PMC8618003 DOI: 10.3390/nu13113978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Associations between habitual dietary intake of minerals and glucose metabolism have been extensively studied in relation to metabolic disorders. However, similar research has yet to be conducted in individuals after acute pancreatitis (AP). The main aim was to investigate the associations between habitual intake of 13 minerals and glycaemic status: new-onset prediabetes/diabetes after AP (NODAP), pre-existing prediabetes/type 2 diabetes (T2DM), and normoglycaemia after AP (NAP). Associations between the dietary intake of minerals and markers of glucose metabolism (glycated haemoglobin and fasting plasma glucose) were also studied. The EPIC-Norfolk food frequency questionnaire was used in a cross-sectional fashion to determine the habitual intake of 13 dietary minerals. ANCOVA as well as multiple linear regression analyses were conducted and five statistical models were built to adjust for covariates. The study included 106 individuals after AP. In the NODAP group, intake of 4 minerals was significantly less when compared with the NAP group: iron (B = -0.076, p = 0.013), nitrogen (B = -0.066, p = 0.003), phosphorous (B = -0.046, p = 0.006), and zinc (B = -0.078, p = 0.001). Glycated haemoglobin was significantly associated with iodine intake (B = 17.763, p = 0.032) and manganese intake (B = -17.147, p = 0.003) in the NODAP group. Fasting plasma glucose was significantly associated with manganese intake (B = -2.436, p = 0.027) in the NODAP group. Habitual intake of minerals differs between individuals with NODAP, T2DM, and NAP. Prospective longitudinal studies and randomised controlled trials are now warranted to further investigate the associations between mineral intake and NODAP.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Maxim S. Petrov
- School of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand; (C.F.N.); (W.K.); (J.K.); (S.H.B.)
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Witonsky J, Elhawary J, Huang P, Holweg C, Millette L, Ko J, Raut P, Borrell L, Burchard E. P074 OMALIZUMAB IS EFFICACIOUS IN CHILDREN WITH ALLERGIC ASTHMA FROM DIFFERENT RACIAL BACKGROUNDS. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2021.08.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Kimita W, Bharmal SH, Ko J, Cho J, Petrov MS. Effect of β-hydroxybutyrate monoester on markers of iron metabolism in new-onset prediabetes: findings from a randomised placebo-controlled trial. Food Funct 2021; 12:9229-9237. [PMID: 34606529 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo00729g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background: People with prediabetes often have altered iron metabolism and may benefit from mild exogenous ketosis, which can now be successfully achieved thanks to recent developments in chemistry of food components. Objective: The objective was to investigate the effect of acute exogenous ketone monoester (β-hydroxybutyrate) on plasma levels of markers of iron metabolism in people with prediabetes. Methods: Eighteen participants with new-onset prediabetes after acute pancreatitis aged 18 years or above took part in randomised controlled cross-over trial in Auckland, New Zealand. After an overnight fast, participants consumed the exogenous ketone supplement or placebo. Blood samples were collected in the fasted state (0 minutes) and then serially every 30 minutes for 150 minutes. Both participants and study personnel were blinded to the intervention/placebo allocation. Repeated measures analysis of variance was performed using total area under the curve to determine the change in hepcidin and ferritin over time after consumption of the exogenous ketone supplement and placebo. Results: Consumption of the exogenous ketone supplement significantly elevated blood levels of β-hydroxybutyrate from 0.20 mmol L-1 at baseline to 3.50 mmol L-1 at 30 minutes (p < 0.05) and remained significantly elevated for the duration of the trial. The total area under the curve of hepcidin was 340.5 ± 121.1 ng mL-1 after the exogenous ketone supplementation as compared with 343.2 ± 119.6 ng mL-1 min-1 after the use of placebo (p = 0.91). The total area under the curve of ferritin was 786.7 ± 129.1 ng mL-1 min-1 after the exogenous ketone supplementation as compared with 776.9 ± 131.4 ng mL-1 min-1 after the use of placebo (p = 0.10). Conclusion: Acute supplementation of β-hydroxybutyrate did not significantly affect the circulating levels of hepcidin or ferritin in people with prediabetes. Long-term effects of β-hydroxybutyrate warrant investigations in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wandia Kimita
- School of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Sakina H Bharmal
- School of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Juyeon Ko
- School of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Jaelim Cho
- School of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Maxim S Petrov
- School of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
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King B, Kwon O, Mesinkovska N, Ko J, Dutronc Y, Wu W, McCollam J, Yu G, Holzwarth K, DeLozier A, Hordinsky M. LB785 Efficacy and safety of baricitinib in adults with Alopecia Areata: Phase 3 results from a randomized controlled trial (BRAVE-AA1). J Invest Dermatol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2021.07.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Ko J, Skudder-Hill L, Tarrant C, Kimita W, Bharmal SH, Petrov MS. Intra-pancreatic fat deposition as a modifier of the relationship between habitual dietary fat intake and insulin resistance. Clin Nutr 2021; 40:4730-4737. [PMID: 34237700 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2021.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insulin resistance is a well-known derangement after an attack of pancreatitis but the role of dietary fat intake and intra-pancreatic fat deposition (IPFD) in it is unknown. We aimed to investigate the relationship of dietary fat intake with markers of insulin resistance in individuals after acute pancreatitis, taking into account IPFD. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study. The EPIC-Norfolk food frequency questionnaire was used to determine the habitual intake of saturated, monounsaturated, polyunsaturated fatty acids. The studied markers of insulin resistance were fasting insulin, HOMA-IR, and METS-IR. 3 T magnetic resonance imaging was used to quantify IPFD. Linear regression analysis, with adjustment for possible confounders, was performed. RESULTS A total of 111 individuals after acute pancreatitis (33 low IPFD, 40 moderate IPFD, and 38 high IPFD) were included. In the high IPFD group, intake of monounsaturated fatty acids was inversely associated with both fasting insulin, and HOMA-IR, and METS-IR in the unadjusted (β = -65.405, p < 0.001; β = -15.762, p < 0.001; β = -0.760, p = 0.041, respectively) and fully adjusted models (β = -155.620, p < 0.001; β = -34.656, p < 0.001, β = -2.008, p = 0.018, respectively). Intake of polyunsaturated or saturated fatty acids did not have a consistently significant pattern of associations with the three markers of insulin resistance. None of the above associations was significant in the low IPFD and moderate IPFD groups. CONCLUSIONS Habitual dietary fat intake is associated with insulin resistance only in individuals after an attack of pancreatitis who have high IPFD. These indviduals may benefit from a calorically balanced diet that is rich in monounsaturated fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juyeon Ko
- School of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - Conor Tarrant
- School of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Wandia Kimita
- School of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Sakina H Bharmal
- School of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Maxim S Petrov
- School of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
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Bharmal SH, Kimita W, Ko J, Petrov MS. Pancreatic and gut hormones as predictors of new-onset prediabetes after non-necrotising acute pancreatitis: a prospective longitudinal cohort study. Endocr Connect 2021; 10:715-724. [PMID: 34097643 PMCID: PMC8284951 DOI: 10.1530/ec-21-0229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Early identification of individuals at high risk for metabolic derangements after an attack of acute pancreatitis (AP) is critical with a view to tertiary preventing of this disease. The aim was to investigate whether fasting pancreatic and gut hormones at baseline were predictive of future risk of new-onset prediabetes after acute pancreatitis (NOPAP) in individuals with non-necrotising AP. METHODS This was a prospective longitudinal cohort study that included 69 consecutive non-diabetic participants with AP, of whom 55% (n = 38) had normoglycaemia both at baseline and during follow-up, 25% (n = 17) had prediabetes both at baseline and during follow-up, and 20% (n = 14) were normoglycaemic at baseline but developed NOPAP during follow-up. The associations between the study groups and circulating fasting levels of pancreatic and gut hormones (insulin, glucagon, C-peptide, amylin, glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide, glucagon-like peptide-1, pancreatic polypeptide, and peptide YY) were studied using multinomial regression in both unadjusted and adjusted analyses. RESULTS Elevated plasma insulin and glucagon at baseline were significantly associated with NOPAP (adjusted odds ratio 1.99, 95% CI 1.01 to 3.92 and adjusted odds ratio 3.44, 95% CI 1.06 to 11.19, respectively). The same hormones had no significant association with antecedent prediabetes in AP. The other studied hormones were not significantly associated with the study groups. CONCLUSIONS Normoglycaemic AP individuals with elevated fasting levels of insulin and glucagon at baseline constitute a high-risk group for future NOPAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakina H Bharmal
- School of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Correspondence should be addressed to S H Bharmal or M S Petrov: or
| | - Wandia Kimita
- School of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Juyeon Ko
- School of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Maxim S Petrov
- School of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Correspondence should be addressed to S H Bharmal or M S Petrov: or
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Ko J, Skudder-Hill L, Cho J, Bharmal SH, Petrov MS. Pancreatic enzymes and abdominal adipose tissue distribution in new-onset prediabetes/diabetes after acute pancreatitis. World J Gastroenterol 2021; 27:3357-3371. [PMID: 34163117 PMCID: PMC8218354 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v27.i23.3357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND New-onset prediabetes/diabetes after acute pancreatitis (NODAP) is the most common sequela of pancreatitis, and it differs from type 2 prediabetes/diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
AIM To study the associations between circulating levels of pancreatic amylase, pancreatic lipase, chymotrypsin and fat phenotypes in NODAP, T2DM, and health.
METHODS Individuals with NODAP (n = 30), T2DM (n = 30), and sex-matched healthy individuals (n = 30) were included. Five fat phenotypes (intra-pancreatic fat, liver fat, skeletal muscle fat, visceral fat, and subcutaneous fat) were determined using the same magnetic resonance imaging protocol and scanner magnet strength for all participants. One-way analysis of covariance, linear regression analysis, and relative importance analysis were conducted.
RESULTS Intra-pancreatic fat deposition (IPFD) was higher in NODAP (9.4% ± 1.8%) and T2DM (9.8% ± 1.1%) compared with healthy controls (7.8% ± 1.9%) after adjusting for covariates (P = 0.003). Similar findings were observed in regards to visceral fat volume (P = 0.005), but not subcutaneous fat volume, liver fat, or skeletal muscle fat. Both IPFD (β = -2.201, P = 0.023) and visceral fat volume (β = -0.004, P = 0.028) were significantly associated with circulating levels of pancreatic amylase in NODAP, but not in T2DM or healthy individuals. Of the five fat phenotypes, IPFD explained the highest amount of variance in pancreatic amylase concentration (R2 = 15.3% out of 41.2%). None of the phenotypes contributed meaningfully to the variance in pancreatic lipase or chymotrypsin.
CONCLUSION Both NODAP and T2DM are characterized by increased IPFD and visceral fat volume. However, only NODAP is characterized by significant inverse associations between the two fat phenotypes and pancreatic amylase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juyeon Ko
- School of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | | | - Jaelim Cho
- School of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Sakina H Bharmal
- School of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Maxim S Petrov
- School of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
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Faletsky A, Han J, Li S, Lee K, Soliman Y, Stephens M, Ko J, Mostaghimi A. 396 Dermatology consent form readability: A barrier to comprehension and inclusivity. J Invest Dermatol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2021.02.419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Beck L, Boguniewicz M, Hatta T, Chiesa Fuxench Z, Simpson E, De Benedetto A, Ko J, Ong P, Yoshida T, Gallo R, Schlievert P, Gill S, Mosmann T, Berdyshev E, David G, Lussier S, Rudman Spergel A, Leung D. 666 Effect of dupilumab on the host-microbe interface in atopic dermatitis. J Invest Dermatol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2021.02.696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Bharmal SH, Cho J, Alarcon Ramos GC, Ko J, Cameron-Smith D, Petrov MS. Acute Nutritional Ketosis and Its Implications for Plasma Glucose and Glucoregulatory Peptides in Adults with Prediabetes: A Crossover Placebo-Controlled Randomized Trial. J Nutr 2021; 151:921-929. [PMID: 33561274 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxaa417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The potential of a ketone monoester (β-hydroxybutyrate; KEβHB) supplement to rapidly mimic a state of nutritional ketosis offers a new therapeutic possibility for diabetes prevention and management. While KEβHB supplementation has a glucose-lowering effect in adults with obesity, its impact on glucose control in other insulin-resistant states is unknown. OBJECTIVES The primary objective was to investigate the effect of KEβHB-supplemented drink on plasma glucose in adults with prediabetes. The secondary objective was to determine its impact on plasma glucoregulatory peptides. METHODS This randomized controlled trial [called CETUS (Cross-over randomizEd Trial of β-hydroxybUtyrate in prediabeteS)] included 18 adults [67% men, mean age = 55 y, mean BMI (kg/m2) = 28.4] with prediabetes (glycated hemoglobin between 5.7% and 6.4% and/or fasting plasma glucose between 100 and 125 mg/dL). Participants were randomly assigned to receive KEβHB-supplemented and placebo drinks in a crossover sequence (washout period of 7-10 d between the drinks). Blood samples were collected from 0 to 150 min, at intervals of 30 min. Paired-samples t tests were used to investigate the change in the outcome variables [β-hydroxybutyrate (βHB), glucose, and glucoregulatory peptides] after both drinks. Repeated measures analyses were conducted to determine the change in concentrations of the prespecified outcomes over time. RESULTS Blood βHB concentrations increased to 3.5 mmol/L within 30 minutes after KEβHB supplementation. Plasma glucose AUC was significantly lower after KEβHB supplementation than after the placebo [mean difference (95% CI): -59 (-85.3, -32.3) mmol/L × min]. Compared with the placebo, KEβHB supplementation led to significantly greater AUCs for plasma insulin [0.237 (0.044, 0.429) nmol/L × min], C-peptide [0.259 (0.114, 0.403) nmol/L × min], and glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide [0.243 (0.085, 0.401) nmol/L × min], with no significant differences in the AUCs for amylin, glucagon, and glucagon-like peptide 1. CONCLUSIONS Ingestion of the KEβHB-supplemented drink acutely increased the blood βHB concentrations and lowered the plasma glucose concentrations in adults with prediabetes. Further research is needed to investigate the dynamics of repeated ingestions of a KEβHB supplement by individuals with prediabetes, with a view to preventing new-onset diabetes. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03889210.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakina H Bharmal
- School of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jaelim Cho
- School of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - Juyeon Ko
- School of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - David Cameron-Smith
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore
| | - Maxim S Petrov
- School of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Yoo JW, Kim J, Lee MW, Kang J, Ko WH, Oh SG, Ko J, Lee JH, Nam YU, Jung L, Park BH, Yoon SW. Fast-ion D α spectroscopy diagnostic at KSTAR. Rev Sci Instrum 2021; 92:043504. [PMID: 34243446 DOI: 10.1063/5.0040559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A fast-ion Dα (FIDA) diagnostics system was installed for core and edge measurements on KSTAR. This system has two tangential FIDA arrays that cover both blue- and redshifted Dα lines (cold: 656.09 nm) in active views along the neutral beam 1 A centerline. The spectral band is 647-662.5 nm, and it covers the Doppler shift of the emission from the maximum energy of the neutral beam (100 keV). A curved filter strip with a motorized stage adequately prevents saturation of the electron multiplying charge-coupled device signal by the cold Dα line from the plasma edge. From comparisons of the measured spectra and FIDASIM modeling code, the FIDA spectra are well matched quantitatively. Moreover, the first measurements show that the FIDA radiance agrees with the neutron rate in the time trace during external heating and perturbation. In addition, responses are observed in the core FIDA radiance during the edge-localized mode cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Yoo
- Korea Institute of Fusion Energy, 169-148 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34133, Republic of Korea
| | - J Kim
- Korea Institute of Fusion Energy, 169-148 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34133, Republic of Korea
| | - M W Lee
- Korea Institute of Fusion Energy, 169-148 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34133, Republic of Korea
| | - J Kang
- Korea Institute of Fusion Energy, 169-148 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34133, Republic of Korea
| | - W-H Ko
- Korea Institute of Fusion Energy, 169-148 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34133, Republic of Korea
| | - S G Oh
- Ajou University, 206, World Cup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - J Ko
- Korea Institute of Fusion Energy, 169-148 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34133, Republic of Korea
| | - J H Lee
- Korea Institute of Fusion Energy, 169-148 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34133, Republic of Korea
| | - Y U Nam
- Korea Institute of Fusion Energy, 169-148 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34133, Republic of Korea
| | - L Jung
- Korea Institute of Fusion Energy, 169-148 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34133, Republic of Korea
| | - B H Park
- Korea Institute of Fusion Energy, 169-148 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34133, Republic of Korea
| | - S W Yoon
- Korea Institute of Fusion Energy, 169-148 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34133, Republic of Korea
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Li X, Kimita W, Cho J, Ko J, Bharmal SH, Petrov MS. Dietary Fibre Intake in Type 2 and New-Onset Prediabetes/Diabetes after Acute Pancreatitis: A Nested Cross-Sectional Study. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13041112. [PMID: 33805259 PMCID: PMC8066410 DOI: 10.3390/nu13041112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The association between intake of dietary fibre and glucose metabolism has been extensively investigated in numerous metabolic disorders. However, little is known about this association in individuals after an attack of acute pancreatitis (AP). The aim was to investigate the associations between intake of dietary fibre and markers of glucose metabolism in individuals with new-onset prediabetes or diabetes after acute pancreatitis (NODAP), pre-exiting type 2 prediabetes or diabetes, and normoglycaemia after acute pancreatitis. This cross-sectional study was nested within the parent prospective longitudinal cohort study. The studied markers of glucose metabolism were fasting plasma glucose and glycated haemoglobin. Habitual intake of dietary fibre was determined using the EPIC-Norfolk food frequency questionnaire. Multivariable linear regression analyses were conducted. The study included a total of 108 individuals after AP. In the NODAP group, increased intakes of total fibre (β = −0.154, p = 0.006), insoluble fibre (β = −0.133, p = 0.01), and soluble fibre (β = −0.13, p = 0.02) were significantly associated with a reduction in fasting plasma glucose. Increased intakes of vegetables (β = −0.069, p = 0.004) and nuts (β = −0.039, p = 0.038) were significantly associated with a reduction in fasting plasma glucose. Increased intake of nuts (β = −0.054, p = 0.001) was also significantly associated with a reduction in glycated haemoglobin. None of the above associations were significant in the other study groups. Habitual intake of dietary fibre was inversely associated with fasting plasma glucose in individuals with NODAP. Individuals after an attack of AP may benefit from increasing their intake of dietary fibre (specifically, vegetables and nuts) with a view to preventing NODAP.
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Ko J, Kimita W, Skudder-Hill L, Li X, Priya S, Bharmal SH, Cho J, Petrov MS. Dietary carbohydrate intake and insulin traits in individuals after acute pancreatitis: Effect modification by intra-pancreatic fat deposition. Pancreatology 2021; 21:353-362. [PMID: 33563551 DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2021.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Current knowledge of the link between dietary carbohydrate intake and insulin regulation in individuals after an attack of pancreatitis is limited. We aimed to investigate the associations between dietary carbohydrate intake and insulin traits in post-pancreatitis versus healthy individuals, taking into account intrapancreatic fat deposition (IPFD). METHODS All participants underwent magnetic resonance imaging (using the same protocol and 3T scanner) to quantify IPFD. Dietary carbohydrate intake was assessed using a validated 131-item food frequency questionnaire. Insulin, HOMA-IR, HOMA-β were determined in the fasted state. Linear regression and effect modification analyses were conducted in unadjusted and adjusted models (accounting for age, sex, body mass index, daily energy intake, use of anti-diabetic medications, and recurrence of acute pancreatitis). RESULTS The study included 111 post-pancreatitis individuals (categorized into low IPFD (n = 33), moderate IPFD (n = 40), high IPFD (n = 38)) and 47 healthy controls. In the high IPFD group, starch intake was negatively associated with fasting insulin and HOMA-β in both the unadjusted (p < 0.001 both) and fully adjusted models (p < 0.001 both); and with HOMA-IR in the fully adjusted model (p < 0.001) only. Total sugar intake was positively associated with fasting insulin (p = 0.015) and HOMA-β (p = 0.007) in the fully adjusted model but not associated with HOMA-IR. None of the above associations was statistically significant in the low IPFD, moderate IPFD, and healthy controls groups. The studied associations were more pronounced in the high IPFD group but not in the moderate IPFD or low IPFD groups (when compared with the healthy controls group). CONCLUSIONS Dietary carbohydrate intake is differentially associated with insulin traits in individuals after an attack of pancreatitis and the associations are modified by IPFD. These findings will be helpful for the development of dietary guidelines specifically for individuals after an attack of pancreatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juyeon Ko
- School of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Wandia Kimita
- School of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - Xinye Li
- School of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Sunitha Priya
- School of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Sakina H Bharmal
- School of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jaelim Cho
- School of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Maxim S Petrov
- School of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
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Choi SW, Woo J, Park KS, Ko J, Jeon YK, Choi SW, Yoo HY, Kho I, Kim TJ, Kim SJ. Higher expression of KCNK10 (TREK-2) K + channels and their functional upregulation by lipopolysaccharide treatment in mouse peritoneal B1a cells. Pflugers Arch 2021; 473:659-671. [PMID: 33586023 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-021-02526-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Innate-like CD5+ B1a cells localized in serous cavities are activated by innate stimuli, such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS), leading to T cell-independent antibody responses. Although ion channels play crucial roles in the homeostasis and activation of immune cells, the electrophysiological properties of B1a cells have not been investigated to date. Previously, in the mouse B cell lymphoma cells, we found that the voltage-independent two-pore-domain potassium (K2P) channels generate a negative membrane potential and drive Ca2+ influx. Here, we newly compared the expression and activities of K2P channels in mouse splenic follicular B (FoB), marginal zone B (MZB), and peritoneal B1a cells. Next-generation sequencing analysis showed higher levels of transcripts for TREK-2 and TWIK-2 in B1a cells than those in FoB or MZB cells. Electrophysiological analysis, using patch clamp technique, revealed higher activity of TREK-2 with the characteristic large unitary conductance (~ 250 pS) in B1a than that in FoB or MZB cells. TREK-2 activity was further increased by LPS treatment (>2 h), which was more prominent in B1a than that in MZB or FoB cells. The cytosolic Ca2+ concentration of B cells was decreased by high-K+-induced depolarization (ΔRKCl (%)), suggesting the basal Ca2+ influx to be driven by negative membrane potential. The LPS treatment significantly increased the ΔRKCl (%) in B1a, though not in FoB and MZB cells. Our study was the first to compare the K2P channels in mouse primary B cell subsets, elucidating the functional upregulation of TREK-2 and augmentation of Ca2+ influx by the stimulation of Toll-like receptor 4 in B1a cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Won Choi
- Department of Physiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joohan Woo
- Department of Physiology and Ion Channel Disease Research Center, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Sun Park
- Wide River Institute of Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Hongcheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Juyeon Ko
- Department of Physiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Keul Jeon
- Department of Physiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Woo Choi
- Department of Physiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Physiology and Ion Channel Disease Research Center, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Young Yoo
- Department of Nursing, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Inseong Kho
- Department of Immunology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Jin Kim
- Department of Immunology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Joon Kim
- Department of Physiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea. .,Wide River Institute of Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Hongcheon, Republic of Korea. .,Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Ko J, Meyer AN, Haas M, Donoghue DJ. Characterization of FGFR signaling in prostate cancer stem cells and inhibition via TKI treatment. Oncotarget 2021; 12:22-36. [PMID: 33456711 PMCID: PMC7800776 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) remains uncurable and novel therapies are needed to better treat patients. Aberrant Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor (FGFR) signaling has been implicated in advanced prostate cancer (PCa), and FGFR1 is suggested to be a promising therapeutic target along with current androgen deprivation therapy. We established a novel in vitro 3D culture system to study endogenous FGFR signaling in a rare subpopulation of prostate cancer stem cells (CSCs) in the cell lines PC3, DU145, LNCaP, and the induced pluripotent iPS87 cell line. 3D-propagation of PCa cells generated spheroids with increased stemness markers ALDH7A1 and OCT4, while inhibition of FGFR signaling by BGJ398 or Dovitinib decreased cell survival and proliferation of 3D spheroids. The 3D spheroids exhibited altered expression of EMT markers associated with metastasis such as E-cadherin, vimentin and Snail, compared to 2D monolayer cells. TKI treatment did not result in significant changes of EMT markers, however, specific inhibition of FGFR signaling by BGJ398 showed more favorable molecular-level changes than treatment with the multi-RTK inhibitor Dovitinib. This study provides evidence for the first time that FGFR1 plays an essential role in the proliferation of PCa CSCs at a molecular and cellular level, and suggests that TKI targeting of FGFR signaling may be a promising strategy for AR-independent CRPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juyeon Ko
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - April N Meyer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Martin Haas
- Moores UCSD Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Daniel J Donoghue
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Moores UCSD Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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Toner L, Proimos H, Scully T, Ko J, Koshy A, Lim H, Lin T, Farouque O. Delayed Recurrence of Atrial Fibrillation and Flutter in Patients Referred for Electrical Cardioversion: A 5-year Study in a Real-World Setting. Heart Lung Circ 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2021.06.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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