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Wu X, Liu Q, Zheng L, Lin S, Zhang Y, Song Y, Wang Z. Innervate Commercial Fabrics with Spirally-Layered Iontronic Fibrous Sensors Toward Dual-Functional Smart Garments. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2402767. [PMID: 38953387 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202402767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Electronic fabrics exhibit desirable breathability, wearing comfort, and easy integration with garments. However, surficial deposition of electronically functional materials/compounds onto fabric substrates would consequentially alter their intrinsic properties (e.g., softness, permeability, biocompatibility, etc.). To address this issue, here, a strategy to innervate arbitrary commercial fabrics with unique spirally-layered iontronic fibrous (SLIF) sensors is presented to realize both mechanical and thermal sensing functionalities without sacrificing the intrinsic fabric properties. The mechanical sensing function is realized via mechanically regulating the interfacial ionic supercapacitance between two perpendicular SLIF sensors, while the thermal sensing function is achieved based on thermally modulating the intrinsic ionic impedance in a single SLIF sensor. The resultant SLIF sensor-innervated electronic fabrics exhibit high mechanical sensitivity of 81 N-1, superior thermal sensitivity of 34,400 Ω °C-1, and more importantly, greatly minimized mutual interference between the two sensing functions. As demonstrations, various smart garments are developed for the precise monitoring of diverse human physiological signals. Moreover, artificial intelligence-assisted object recognition with high-accuracy (97.8%) is demonstrated with a SLIF sensor-innervated smart glove. This work opens up a new path toward the facile construction of versatile smart garments for wearable healthcare, human-machine interfaces, and the Internet of Things.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Wu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Qi Liu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Lifei Zheng
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Sijian Lin
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Yiqun Zhang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Yangyang Song
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Zhuqing Wang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
- Med+X Center for Manufacturing, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
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2
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Zheng Y, Wang Z, Chen P, Peng H. Semiconductor fibers for textile integrated electronic systems. Natl Sci Rev 2024; 11:nwae143. [PMID: 38741715 PMCID: PMC11089816 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwae143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The near-room temperature resistance transition in the Lu-H-N compound is repeatedly reproduced, which is clarified to originate from a metal-to-semiconductor/insulator transition rather than superconductivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Institute of Fiber Materials and Devices, and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Institute of Fiber Materials and Devices, and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, China
| | - Peining Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Institute of Fiber Materials and Devices, and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, China
| | - Huisheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Institute of Fiber Materials and Devices, and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, China
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3
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Vazquez R, Motovilova E, Winkler SA. Stretchable Sensor Materials Applicable to Radiofrequency Coil Design in Magnetic Resonance Imaging: A Review. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:3390. [PMID: 38894182 PMCID: PMC11174967 DOI: 10.3390/s24113390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Wearable sensors are rapidly gaining influence in the diagnostics, monitoring, and treatment of disease, thereby improving patient outcomes. In this review, we aim to explore how these advances can be applied to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We begin by (i) introducing limitations in current flexible/stretchable RF coils and then move to the broader field of flexible sensor technology to identify translatable technologies. To this goal, we discuss (ii) emerging materials currently used for sensor substrates, (iii) stretchable conductive materials, (iv) pairing and matching of conductors with substrates, and (v) implementation of lumped elements such as capacitors. Applicable (vi) fabrication methods are presented, and the review concludes with a brief commentary on (vii) the implementation of the discussed sensor technologies in MRI coil applications. The main takeaway of our research is that a large body of work has led to exciting new sensor innovations allowing for stretchable wearables, but further exploration of materials and manufacturing techniques remains necessary, especially when applied to MRI diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rigoberto Vazquez
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 10065, USA
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | | | - Simone Angela Winkler
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 10065, USA
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
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4
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Lee S, Liang X, Kim JS, Yokota T, Fukuda K, Someya T. Permeable Bioelectronics toward Biointegrated Systems. Chem Rev 2024; 124:6543-6591. [PMID: 38728658 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Bioelectronics integrates electronics with biological organs, sustaining the natural functions of the organs. Organs dynamically interact with the external environment, managing internal equilibrium and responding to external stimuli. These interactions are crucial for maintaining homeostasis. Additionally, biological organs possess a soft and stretchable nature; encountering objects with differing properties can disrupt their function. Therefore, when electronic devices come into contact with biological objects, the permeability of these devices, enabling interactions and substance exchanges with the external environment, and the mechanical compliance are crucial for maintaining the inherent functionality of biological organs. This review discusses recent advancements in soft and permeable bioelectronics, emphasizing materials, structures, and a wide range of applications. The review also addresses current challenges and potential solutions, providing insights into the integration of electronics with biological organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunghoon Lee
- Thin-Film Device Laboratory & Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Xiaoping Liang
- Electrical and Electronic Engineering and Information Systems, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Joo Sung Kim
- Thin-Film Device Laboratory & Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Yokota
- Electrical and Electronic Engineering and Information Systems, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Kenjiro Fukuda
- Thin-Film Device Laboratory & Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Takao Someya
- Thin-Film Device Laboratory & Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Electrical and Electronic Engineering and Information Systems, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
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5
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Carey T, Maughan J, Doolan L, Caffrey E, Garcia J, Liu S, Kaur H, Ilhan C, Seyedin S, Coleman JN. Knot Architecture for Biocompatible and Semiconducting 2D Electronic Fiber Transistors. SMALL METHODS 2024:e2301654. [PMID: 38602193 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202301654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Wearable devices have generally been rigid due to their reliance on silicon-based technologies, while future wearables will utilize flexible components for example transistors within microprocessors to manage data. Two-dimensional (2D) semiconducting flakes have yet to be investigated in fiber transistors but can offer a route toward high-mobility, biocompatible, and flexible fiber-based devices. Here, the electrochemical exfoliation of semiconducting 2D flakes of tungsten diselenide (WSe2) and molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) is shown to achieve homogeneous coatings onto the surface of polyester fibers. The high aspect ratio (>100) of the flake yields aligned and conformal flake-to-flake junctions on polyester fibers enabling transistors with mobilities μ ≈1 cm2 V-1 s-1 and a current on/off ratio, Ion/Ioff ≈102-104. Furthermore, the cytotoxic effects of the MoS2 and WSe2 flakes with human keratinocyte cells are investigated and found to be biocompatible. As an additional step, a unique transistor 'knot' architecture is created by leveraging the fiber diameter to establish the length of the transistor channel, facilitating a route to scale down transistor channel dimensions (≈100 µm) and utilize it to make a MoS2 fiber transistor with a human hair that achieves mobilities as high as μ ≈15 cm2 V-1 s-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Carey
- School of Physics, CRANN & AMBER Research Centers, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Jack Maughan
- School of Physics, CRANN & AMBER Research Centers, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Luke Doolan
- School of Physics, CRANN & AMBER Research Centers, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Eoin Caffrey
- School of Physics, CRANN & AMBER Research Centers, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - James Garcia
- School of Physics, CRANN & AMBER Research Centers, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Shixin Liu
- School of Physics, CRANN & AMBER Research Centers, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Harneet Kaur
- School of Physics, CRANN & AMBER Research Centers, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Cansu Ilhan
- School of Physics, CRANN & AMBER Research Centers, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Shayan Seyedin
- School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Jonathan N Coleman
- School of Physics, CRANN & AMBER Research Centers, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
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6
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Imani KBC, Dodda JM, Yoon J, Torres FG, Imran AB, Deen GR, Al‐Ansari R. Seamless Integration of Conducting Hydrogels in Daily Life: From Preparation to Wearable Application. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2306784. [PMID: 38240470 PMCID: PMC10987148 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202306784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Conductive hydrogels (CHs) have received significant attention for use in wearable devices because they retain their softness and flexibility while maintaining high conductivity. CHs are well suited for applications in skin-contact electronics and biomedical devices owing to their high biocompatibility and conformality. Although highly conductive hydrogels for smart wearable devices are extensively researched, a detailed summary of the outstanding results of CHs is required for a comprehensive understanding. In this review, the recent progress in the preparation and fabrication of CHs is summarized for smart wearable devices. Improvements in the mechanical, electrical, and functional properties of high-performance wearable devices are also discussed. Furthermore, recent examples of innovative and highly functional devices based on CHs that can be seamlessly integrated into daily lives are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kusuma Betha Cahaya Imani
- Graduate Department of Chemical MaterialsInstitute for Plastic Information and Energy MaterialsSustainable Utilization of Photovoltaic Energy Research CenterPusan National UniversityBusan46241Republic of Korea
| | - Jagan Mohan Dodda
- New Technologies – Research Centre (NTC)University of West Bohemia, Univerzitní 8Pilsen301 00Czech Republic
| | - Jinhwan Yoon
- Graduate Department of Chemical MaterialsInstitute for Plastic Information and Energy MaterialsSustainable Utilization of Photovoltaic Energy Research CenterPusan National UniversityBusan46241Republic of Korea
| | - Fernando G. Torres
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringPontificia Universidad Catolica del Peru. Av. Universitaria 1801Lima15088Peru
| | - Abu Bin Imran
- Department of ChemistryBangladesh University of Engineering and TechnologyDhaka1000Bangladesh
| | - G. Roshan Deen
- Materials for Medicine Research GroupSchool of MedicineThe Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI)Medical University of BahrainBusaiteen15503Kingdom of Bahrain
| | - Renad Al‐Ansari
- Materials for Medicine Research GroupSchool of MedicineThe Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI)Medical University of BahrainBusaiteen15503Kingdom of Bahrain
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7
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Lin S, Yang W, Zhu X, Lan Y, Li K, Zhang Q, Li Y, Hou C, Wang H. Triboelectric micro-flexure-sensitive fiber electronics. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2374. [PMID: 38490979 PMCID: PMC10943239 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46516-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Developing fiber electronics presents a practical approach for establishing multi-node distributed networks within the human body, particularly concerning triboelectric fibers. However, realizing fiber electronics for monitoring micro-physiological activities remains challenging due to the intrinsic variability and subtle amplitude of physiological signals, which differ among individuals and scenarios. Here, we propose a technical approach based on a dynamic stability model of sheath-core fibers, integrating a micro-flexure-sensitive fiber enabled by nanofiber buckling and an ion conduction mechanism. This scheme enhances the accuracy of the signal transmission process, resulting in improved sensitivity (detectable signal at ultra-low curvature of 0.1 mm-1; flexure factor >21.8% within a bending range of 10°.) and robustness of fiber under micro flexure. In addition, we also developed a scalable manufacturing process and ensured compatibility with modern weaving techniques. By combining precise micro-curvature detection, micro-flexure-sensitive fibers unlock their full potential for various subtle physiological diagnoses, particularly in monitoring fiber upper limb muscle strength for rehabilitation and training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaomei Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
| | - Weifeng Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
| | - Xubin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
| | - Yubin Lan
- School of Software, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Kerui Li
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
| | - Qinghong Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Advanced Glasses Manufacturing Technology, Ministry of Education, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
| | - Yaogang Li
- Engineering Research Center of Advanced Glasses Manufacturing Technology, Ministry of Education, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
| | - Chengyi Hou
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China.
| | - Hongzhi Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China.
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8
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Ding Y, Jiang J, Wu Y, Zhang Y, Zhou J, Zhang Y, Huang Q, Zheng Z. Porous Conductive Textiles for Wearable Electronics. Chem Rev 2024; 124:1535-1648. [PMID: 38373392 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Over the years, researchers have made significant strides in the development of novel flexible/stretchable and conductive materials, enabling the creation of cutting-edge electronic devices for wearable applications. Among these, porous conductive textiles (PCTs) have emerged as an ideal material platform for wearable electronics, owing to their light weight, flexibility, permeability, and wearing comfort. This Review aims to present a comprehensive overview of the progress and state of the art of utilizing PCTs for the design and fabrication of a wide variety of wearable electronic devices and their integrated wearable systems. To begin with, we elucidate how PCTs revolutionize the form factors of wearable electronics. We then discuss the preparation strategies of PCTs, in terms of the raw materials, fabrication processes, and key properties. Afterward, we provide detailed illustrations of how PCTs are used as basic building blocks to design and fabricate a wide variety of intrinsically flexible or stretchable devices, including sensors, actuators, therapeutic devices, energy-harvesting and storage devices, and displays. We further describe the techniques and strategies for wearable electronic systems either by hybridizing conventional off-the-shelf rigid electronic components with PCTs or by integrating multiple fibrous devices made of PCTs. Subsequently, we highlight some important wearable application scenarios in healthcare, sports and training, converging technologies, and professional specialists. At the end of the Review, we discuss the challenges and perspectives on future research directions and give overall conclusions. As the demand for more personalized and interconnected devices continues to grow, PCT-based wearables hold immense potential to redefine the landscape of wearable technology and reshape the way we live, work, and play.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichun Ding
- School of Fashion and Textiles, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P. R. China
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, P. R. China
- Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, P. R. China
| | - Jinxing Jiang
- School of Fashion and Textiles, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P. R. China
| | - Yingsi Wu
- School of Fashion and Textiles, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P. R. China
| | - Yaokang Zhang
- School of Fashion and Textiles, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P. R. China
| | - Junhua Zhou
- School of Fashion and Textiles, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P. R. China
| | - Yufei Zhang
- School of Fashion and Textiles, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P. R. China
| | - Qiyao Huang
- School of Fashion and Textiles, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P. R. China
- Research Institute for Intelligent Wearable Systems, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P. R. China
| | - Zijian Zheng
- School of Fashion and Textiles, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P. R. China
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, Faculty of Science, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P. R. China
- Research Institute for Intelligent Wearable Systems, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P. R. China
- Research Institute for Smart Energy, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P. R. China
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9
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Jose M, Bezerra Alexandre E, Neumaier L, Rauter L, Vijjapu MT, Muehleisen W, Malik MH, Zikulnig J, Kosel J. Future Thread: Printing Electronics on Fibers. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:7996-8005. [PMID: 38310570 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c15422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
This article introduces a methodology to increase the integration density of functional electronic features on fibers/threads/wires through additive deposition of functional materials via printed electronics. It opens the possibility to create a multifunctional intelligent system on a single fiber/thread/wire while combining the advantages of existing approaches, i.e., the scalability of coating techniques and the microfeatures of semiconductor-based fabrication. By directly printing on threads (of diameters ranging from 90 to 1000 μm), micropatterned electronic devices and multifunctional electronic systems could be formed. Contact and noncontact printing methods were utilized to create various shapes from serpentines and meanders to planar coils and interdigitated electrodes, as well as complex multilayer structures for thermal and light actuators, humidity, and temperature sensors. We demonstrate the practicality of the method by integrating a multifunctional thread into a FFP mask for breath monitoring. Printing technologies provide virtually unrestricted choices for the types of threads, materials, and devices used. They are scalable via roll-to-roll processes and offer a resource-efficient way to democratize electronics across textile products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Jose
- Silicon Austria Labs GmbH, Europastraße 12, Villach 9524, Austria
| | - Emily Bezerra Alexandre
- Silicon Austria Labs GmbH, Europastraße 12, Villach 9524, Austria
- Bio/CMOS Interfaces Lab, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL, Neuchâtel CH-2000, Switzerland
| | - Lukas Neumaier
- Silicon Austria Labs GmbH, Europastraße 12, Villach 9524, Austria
| | - Lukas Rauter
- Silicon Austria Labs GmbH, Europastraße 12, Villach 9524, Austria
| | | | | | | | - Johanna Zikulnig
- Silicon Austria Labs GmbH, Europastraße 12, Villach 9524, Austria
- Bio/CMOS Interfaces Lab, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL, Neuchâtel CH-2000, Switzerland
| | - Jürgen Kosel
- Silicon Austria Labs GmbH, Europastraße 12, Villach 9524, Austria
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Liu X, Truesdell DS, Faruqe O, Parameswaran L, Rickley M, Kopanski A, Cantley L, Coon A, Bernasconi M, Wang T, Calhoun BH. A 33nW Fully Autonomous SoC With Distributed Cooperative Energy Harvesting and Multi-Chip Power Management for mm-Scale System-in-Fiber. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON BIOMEDICAL CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS 2023; 17:1185-1201. [PMID: 37643104 DOI: 10.1109/tbcas.2023.3309779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
This article presents a fully autonomous system-on-chip (SoC) that can be distributed along a fiber strand, capable of simultaneously harvesting energy, cooperatively scaling performance, sharing power, and booting-up with other in-fiber SoCs for ultra-low-power (ULP) sensing applications. Utilizing a custom switched capacitor energy harvesting and power management unit (EHPMU), the SoC can efficiently redistribute and reuse harvested energy along the fiber. Integrated on-chip, the ULP RISC-V digital core and temperature sensor enable energy-efficient sensing and computation at nanowatt power levels. A dedicated ripple boot-up and cooperative dynamic voltage and frequency scaling (DVFS) further optimize the operation and physical size of the system. Fabricated in 65 nm, measurement results show that the proposed SoC achieves 33 nW power consumption for the whole chip under 92 Lux lighting condition and can reduce control power down to 2.7 nW for the EHPMU. With the proposed power sharing and cooperative DVFS techniques, the SoC reduces the illuminance needed to stay alive by >7× down to 12 Lux. Integrated into a mm-scale polymer fiber, our SoC demonstrates the feasibility of fully autonomous and ULP on-body sensing systems in resource-constrained fiber environments.
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11
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Zhou X, Wang Z, Xiong T, He B, Wang Z, Zhang H, Hu D, Liu Y, Yang C, Li Q, Chen M, Zhang Q, Wei L. Fiber Crossbars: An Emerging Architecture of Smart Electronic Textiles. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2300576. [PMID: 37042804 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202300576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Smart wearables have a significant impact on people's daily lives, enabling personalized motion monitoring, realizing the Internet of Things, and even reshaping the next generation of telemedicine systems. Fiber crossbars (FCs), constructed by crossing two fibers, have become an emerging architecture among the accessible structures of state-of-the-art smart electronic textiles. The mechanical, chemical, and electrical interactions between crossing fibers result in extensive functionalities, leading to the significant development of innovative electronic textiles employing FCs as their basic units. This review provides a timely and comprehensive overview of the structure designs, material selections, and assembly techniques of FC-based devices. The recent advances in FC-based devices are summarized, including multipurpose sensing, multiple-mode computing, high-resolution display, high-efficient power supply, and large-scale textile systems. Finally, current challenges, potential solutions, and future perspectives for FC-based systems are discussed for their further development in scale-up production and commercial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuhui Zhou
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Zhe Wang
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Ting Xiong
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Bing He
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Zhixun Wang
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Haozhe Zhang
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Dongmei Hu
- Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Smart Systems, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Yanting Liu
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Chunlei Yang
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Qingwen Li
- Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Smart Systems, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Ming Chen
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Qichong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Smart Systems, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Lei Wei
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
- The Institute for Digital Molecular Analytics and Science (IDMxS), Nanyang Technological University, 59 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 636921, Singapore
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12
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Shi HH, Pan Y, Xu L, Feng X, Wang W, Potluri P, Hu L, Hasan T, Huang YYS. Sustainable electronic textiles towards scalable commercialization. NATURE MATERIALS 2023; 22:1294-1303. [PMID: 37500958 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-023-01615-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Textiles represent a fundamental material format that is extensively integrated into our everyday lives. The quest for more versatile and body-compatible wearable electronics has led to the rise of electronic textiles (e-textiles). By enhancing textiles with electronic functionalities, e-textiles define a new frontier of wearable platforms for human augmentation. To realize the transformational impact of wearable e-textiles, materials innovations can pave the way for effective user adoption and the creation of a sustainable circular economy. We propose a repair, recycle, replacement and reduction circular e-textile paradigm. We envisage a systematic design framework embodying material selection and biofabrication concepts that can unify environmental friendliness, market viability, supply-chain resilience and user experience quality. This framework establishes a set of actionable principles for the industrialization and commercialization of future sustainable e-textile products.
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Affiliation(s)
- HaoTian Harvey Shi
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- The Nanoscience Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yifei Pan
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- The Nanoscience Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Lin Xu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Xueming Feng
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- The Nanoscience Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Micro- and Nano-technology Research Centre, State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wenyu Wang
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- The Nanoscience Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Prasad Potluri
- Department of Materials, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Liangbing Hu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Tawfique Hasan
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridge Graphene Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Yan Yan Shery Huang
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- The Nanoscience Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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13
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Khatib M, Zhao ET, Wei S, Abramson A, Bishop ES, Chen CH, Thomas AL, Xu C, Park J, Lee Y, Hamnett R, Yu W, Root SE, Yuan L, Chakhtoura D, Kim KK, Zhong D, Nishio Y, Zhao C, Wu C, Jiang Y, Zhang A, Li J, Wang W, Salimi-Jazi F, Rafeeqi TA, Hemed NM, Tok JBH, Chen X, Kaltschmidt JA, Dunn JC, Bao Z. Spiral NeuroString: High-Density Soft Bioelectronic Fibers for Multimodal Sensing and Stimulation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.02.560482. [PMID: 37873341 PMCID: PMC10592902 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.02.560482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Bioelectronic fibers hold promise for both research and clinical applications due to their compactness, ease of implantation, and ability to incorporate various functionalities such as sensing and stimulation. However, existing devices suffer from bulkiness, rigidity, limited functionality, and low density of active components. These limitations stem from the difficulty to incorporate many components on one-dimensional (1D) fiber devices due to the incompatibility of conventional microfabrication methods (e.g., photolithography) with curved, thin and long fiber structures. Herein, we introduce a fabrication approach, ‶spiral transformation″, to convert two-dimensional (2D) films containing microfabricated devices into 1D soft fibers. This approach allows for the creation of high density multimodal soft bioelectronic fibers, termed Spiral NeuroString (S-NeuroString), while enabling precise control over the longitudinal, angular, and radial positioning and distribution of the functional components. We show the utility of S-NeuroString for motility mapping, serotonin sensing, and tissue stimulation within the dynamic and soft gastrointestinal (GI) system, as well as for single-unit recordings in the brain. The described bioelectronic fibers hold great promises for next-generation multifunctional implantable electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Khatib
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Eric Tianjiao Zhao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Shiyuan Wei
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Alex Abramson
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Estelle Spear Bishop
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Chih-Hsin Chen
- Department of Surgery/Pediatric Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Anne-Laure Thomas
- Department of Surgery/Pediatric Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Chengyi Xu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jaeho Park
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Yeongjun Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Ryan Hamnett
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Weilai Yu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Samuel E. Root
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Lei Yuan
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Dorine Chakhtoura
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Kyun Kyu Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Donglai Zhong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Yuya Nishio
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Chuanzhen Zhao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Can Wu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Yuanwen Jiang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Anqi Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jinxing Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48823, USA
| | - Weichen Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | | | - Talha A. Rafeeqi
- Department of Surgery/Pediatric Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Nofar Mintz Hemed
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Jeffrey B.-H. Tok
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Xiaoke Chen
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Julia A. Kaltschmidt
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - James C.Y. Dunn
- Department of Surgery/Pediatric Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Zhenan Bao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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14
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Zhao W, Shao F, Sun F, Su Z, Liu S, Zhang T, Zhu M, Liu Z, Zhou X. Neuron-Inspired Sticky Artificial Spider Silk for Signal Transmission. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2300876. [PMID: 37327808 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202300876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Neurons exhibit excellent signal transmission capacity, which inspire artificial neuron materials for applications in the field of wearable electronics and soft robotics. In addition, the neuron fibers exhibit good mechanical robustness by sticking to the organs, which currently has rarely been studied. Here, a sticky artificial spider silk is developed by employing a proton donor-acceptor (PrDA) hydrogel fiber for application as artificial neuron fibers. Tuning the molecular electrostatic interactions by modulating the sequences of proton donors and acceptors, enables combination of excellent mechanical properties, stickiness, and ion conductivity. In addition, the PrDA hydrogel exhibits high spinning capacity for a wide range of donor-acceptor combinations. The PrDA artificial spider silk would shed light on the design of new generation of artificial neuron materials, bio-electrodes, and artificial synapses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqiang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Fei Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Fuqin Sun
- i-Lab, Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Smart Systems, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), 398 Ruoshui Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Zihao Su
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Shiyong Liu
- Department of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- i-Lab, Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Smart Systems, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), 398 Ruoshui Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Meifang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Zunfeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Xiang Zhou
- Department of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
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15
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Choi KH, Kim SJ, Kim H, Jang HW, Yi H, Park MC, Choi C, Ju H, Lim JA. Fibriform Organic Electrochemical Diodes with Rectifying, Complementary Logic and Transient Voltage Suppression Functions for Wearable E-Textile Embedded Circuits. ACS NANO 2023; 17:5821-5833. [PMID: 36881690 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c12418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a fibriform electrochemical diode capable of performing rectifying, complementary logic and device protection functions for future e-textile circuit systems is fabricated. The diode was fabricated using a simple twisted assembly of metal/polymer semiconductor/ion gel coaxial microfibers and conducting microfiber electrodes. The fibriform diode exhibited a prominent asymmetrical current flow with a rectification ratio of over 102, and its performance was retained after repeated bending deformations and washings. Fundamental studies on the electrochemical interactions of polymer semiconductors with ions reveal that the Faradaic current generated in polymer semiconductors by electrochemical reactions results in an abrupt current increase under a forward bias, in which the threshold voltages of the device are determined by the oxidation or reduction potential of the polymer semiconductor. Textile-embedded full-wave rectifiers and logic gate circuits were implemented by simply integrating the fibriform diodes, exhibiting AC-to-DC signal conversion and logic operation functions, respectively. It was also confirmed that the proposed fibriform diode can suppress transient voltages and thus protect a low-voltage operational wearable e-textile circuit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang-Hun Choi
- Center for Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Jin Kim
- Center for Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoungjun Kim
- Center for Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- Division of Nano and Information Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology of Korea (UST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Won Jang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Advanced Institute of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon 16229, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunjung Yi
- Post-Silicon Semiconductor Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, YU-KIST Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Chul Park
- Center for Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Changsoon Choi
- Center for Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunsu Ju
- Center for Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Ah Lim
- Center for Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- Division of Nano and Information Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology of Korea (UST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
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16
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Sun F, Jiang H, Wang H, Zhong Y, Xu Y, Xing Y, Yu M, Feng LW, Tang Z, Liu J, Sun H, Wang H, Wang G, Zhu M. Soft Fiber Electronics Based on Semiconducting Polymer. Chem Rev 2023; 123:4693-4763. [PMID: 36753731 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Fibers, originating from nature and mastered by human, have woven their way throughout the entire history of human civilization. Recent developments in semiconducting polymer materials have further endowed fibers and textiles with various electronic functions, which are attractive in applications such as information interfacing, personalized medicine, and clean energy. Owing to their ability to be easily integrated into daily life, soft fiber electronics based on semiconducting polymers have gained popularity recently for wearable and implantable applications. Herein, we present a review of the previous and current progress in semiconducting polymer-based fiber electronics, particularly focusing on smart-wearable and implantable areas. First, we provide a brief overview of semiconducting polymers from the viewpoint of materials based on the basic concepts and functionality requirements of different devices. Then we analyze the existing applications and associated devices such as information interfaces, healthcare and medicine, and energy conversion and storage. The working principle and performance of semiconducting polymer-based fiber devices are summarized. Furthermore, we focus on the fabrication techniques of fiber devices. Based on the continuous fabrication of one-dimensional fiber and yarn, we introduce two- and three-dimensional fabric fabricating methods. Finally, we review challenges and relevant perspectives and potential solutions to address the related problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengqiang Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
- Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Hao Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Haoyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Yueheng Zhong
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Yiman Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Yi Xing
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Muhuo Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Lightweight Structural Composites, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Liang-Wen Feng
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Zheng Tang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
- Center for Advanced Low-dimension Materials, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Jun Liu
- National Key Laboratory on Electromagnetic Environment Effects and Electro-Optical Engineering, Nanjing 210007, China
| | - Hengda Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Hongzhi Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Gang Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Meifang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
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17
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Rafique A, Ferreira I, Abbas G, Baptista AC. Recent Advances and Challenges Toward Application of Fibers and Textiles in Integrated Photovoltaic Energy Storage Devices. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2023; 15:40. [PMID: 36662335 PMCID: PMC9860006 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-022-01008-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Flexible microelectronic devices have seen an increasing trend toward development of miniaturized, portable, and integrated devices as wearable electronics which have the requirement for being light weight, small in dimension, and suppleness. Traditional three-dimensional (3D) and two-dimensional (2D) electronics gadgets fail to effectively comply with these necessities owing to their stiffness and large weights. Investigations have come up with a new family of one-dimensional (1D) flexible and fiber-based electronic devices (FBEDs) comprising power storage, energy-scavenging, implantable sensing, and flexible displays gadgets. However, development and manufacturing are still a challenge owing to their small radius, flexibility, low weight, weave ability and integration in textile electronics. This paper will provide a detailed review on the importance of substrates in electronic devices, intrinsic property requirements, fabrication classification and applications in energy harvesting, energy storage and other flexible electronic devices. Fiber- and textile-based electronic devices for bulk/scalable fabrications, encapsulation, and testing are reviewed and presented future research ideas to enhance the commercialization of these fiber-based electronics devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amjid Rafique
- CENIMAT|I3N, Department of Materials Science, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, Campus de Caparica, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal.
| | - Isabel Ferreira
- CENIMAT|I3N, Department of Materials Science, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, Campus de Caparica, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Ghulam Abbas
- CENIMAT|I3N, Department of Materials Science, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, Campus de Caparica, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Ana Catarina Baptista
- CENIMAT|I3N, Department of Materials Science, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, Campus de Caparica, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
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18
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Sun C, Wang W, Mu X, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Ma C, Jia Z, Zhu J, Wang C. Tuning the Electrical Conductivity of a Flexible Fabric-Based Cu-HHTP Film through a Novel Redox Interaction between the Guest-Host System. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:54266-54275. [PMID: 36399651 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c17417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Integration of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and flexible fabrics has been recently considered as a promising strategy applied in wearable electronic devices. We synthesized a flexible fabric-based Cu-HHTP film consisted of Cu2+ ions and 2,3,6,7,10,11-hexahydroxytriphenylene (HHTP) via a self-sacrificial template method. The obtained Cu-HHTP film displays an outstanding nanostructured surface and uniformity. Iodine molecules are first introduced into the pores of Cu-HHTP to investigate the influence of guest molecules on electrical conductivity in a 2D guest-host system. After doping, the conductivity of the Cu-HHTP film shows an increased dependent on the doping time, and the maximum value is more than 30 times that of the original MOFs. The enhanced electrical conductivity results from an intriguing redox interaction occurred between the confined iodine molecules and the framework. The organic ligands are oxidized by iodine molecules, and generating new ions allows for subsequent participation in the regulation of the mixed valence bands of copper ions in MOFs, changing the ratio of Cu2+/Cu+, promoting the charge transport of the framework, and then synergistically enhancing the electronic conductivity. This study successfully prepared a flexible fabric-based conductive I2@Cu-HHTP film and presented insights into revealing the behavior of iodine molecules after entering the Cu-HHTP pores, expanding the possibilities of Cu-HHTP used in flexible wearable electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongcai Sun
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Green Preparation and, Functionalization for Inorganic Material Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi710021, P. R. China
| | - Weike Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Green Preparation and, Functionalization for Inorganic Material Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi710021, P. R. China
| | - Xueyang Mu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Green Preparation and, Functionalization for Inorganic Material Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi710021, P. R. China
| | - Yifan Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Green Preparation and, Functionalization for Inorganic Material Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi710021, P. R. China
| | - Yong Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Green Preparation and, Functionalization for Inorganic Material Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi710021, P. R. China
| | - Chuang Ma
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Green Preparation and, Functionalization for Inorganic Material Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi710021, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Jia
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Green Preparation and, Functionalization for Inorganic Material Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi710021, P. R. China
| | - Jiankang Zhu
- Guangzhou Special Pressure Equipment Inspection and Research Institute National Graphene Product Quality Supervision and Inspection Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong510700, P. R. China
| | - Chengbing Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Green Preparation and, Functionalization for Inorganic Material Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi710021, P. R. China
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