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Ma R, Chen L, Hu N, Caplan S, Hu G. Cilia and Extracellular Vesicles in Brain Development and Disease. Biol Psychiatry 2024; 95:1020-1029. [PMID: 37956781 PMCID: PMC11087377 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2023.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Primary and motile cilia are thin, hair-like cellular projections from the cell surface involved in movement, sensing, and communication between cells. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small membrane-bound vesicles secreted by cells and contain various proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids that are delivered to and influence the behavior of other cells. Both cilia and EVs are essential for the normal functioning of brain cells, and their malfunction can lead to several neurological diseases. Cilia and EVs can interact with each other in several ways, and this interplay plays a crucial role in facilitating various biological processes, including cell-to-cell communication, tissue homeostasis, and pathogen defense. Cilia and EV crosstalk in the brain is an emerging area of research. Herein, we summarize the detailed molecular mechanisms of cilia and EV interplay and address the ciliary molecules that are involved in signaling and cellular dysfunction in brain development and diseases. Finally, we discuss the potential clinical use of cilia and EVs in brain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Ma
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska; Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Department of Computer Science, College of Engineering, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ningyun Hu
- Millard West High School, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Steve Caplan
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska; Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska.
| | - Guoku Hu
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska.
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2
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Jurisch-Yaksi N, Wachten D, Gopalakrishnan J. The neuronal cilium - a highly diverse and dynamic organelle involved in sensory detection and neuromodulation. Trends Neurosci 2024; 47:383-394. [PMID: 38580512 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2024.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Cilia are fascinating organelles that act as cellular antennae, sensing the cellular environment. Cilia gained significant attention in the late 1990s after their dysfunction was linked to genetic diseases known as ciliopathies. Since then, several breakthrough discoveries have uncovered the mechanisms underlying cilia biogenesis and function. Like most cells in the animal kingdom, neurons also harbor cilia, which are enriched in neuromodulatory receptors. Yet, how neuronal cilia modulate neuronal physiology and animal behavior remains poorly understood. By comparing ciliary biology between the sensory and central nervous systems (CNS), we provide new perspectives on the functions of cilia in brain physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Jurisch-Yaksi
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (IKOM), Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Erling Skalgssons gate 1, 7491 Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Dagmar Wachten
- Department of Biophysical Imaging, Institute of Innate Immunity, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Jay Gopalakrishnan
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; Institute for Human Genetics, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, 07740 Jena, Germany
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3
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Hembach S, Schmidt S, Orschmann T, Burtscher I, Lickert H, Giesert F, Weisenhorn DV, Wurst W. Engrailed 1 deficiency induces changes in ciliogenesis during human neuronal differentiation. Neurobiol Dis 2024; 194:106474. [PMID: 38518837 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2024.106474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024] Open
Abstract
A key pathological feature of Parkinson's Disease (PD) is the progressive degeneration of dopaminergic neurons (DAns) in the substantia nigra pars compacta. Considering the major role of EN1 in the development and maintenance of these DAns and the implications from En1 mouse models, it is highly interesting to study the molecular and protective effect of EN1 also in a human cellular model. Therefore, we generated EN1 knock-out (ko) human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSCs) lines and analyzed these during neuronal differentiation. Although the EN1 ko didn't interfere with neuronal differentiation and generation of tyrosine hydroxylase positive (TH+) neurons per se, the neurons exhibited shorter neurites. Furthermore, mitochondrial respiration, as well as mitochondrial complex I abundance was significantly reduced in fully differentiated neurons. To understand the implications of an EN1 ko during differentiation, we performed a transcriptome analysis of human neuronal precursor cells (hNPCs) which unveiled alterations in cilia-associated pathways. Further analysis of ciliary morphology revealed an elongation of primary cilia in EN1-deficient hNPCs. Besides, also Wnt signaling pathways were severely affected. Upon stimulating hNPCs with Wnt which drastically increased EN1 expression in WT lines, the phenotypes concerning mitochondrial function and cilia were exacerbated in EN1 ko hNPCs. They failed to enhance the expression of the complex I subunits NDUFS1 and 3, and now displayed a reduced mitochondrial respiration. Furthermore, Wnt stimulation decreased ciliogenesis in EN1 ko hNPCs but increased ciliary length even further. This further highlights the relevance of primary cilia next to mitochondria for the functionality and correct maintenance of human DAns and provides new possibilities to establish neuroprotective therapies for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina Hembach
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany; Munich School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sebastian Schmidt
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany; Neurobiological Engineering, Munich Institute of Biomedical Engineering, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Garching, Germany; Deutsche Zentrum für Psychische Gesundheit (DZPG), Site Munich-Augsburg, Munich, Germany
| | - Tanja Orschmann
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Ingo Burtscher
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Heiko Lickert
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany; School of Medicine, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Florian Giesert
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | | | - Wolfgang Wurst
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany; Deutsche Zentrum für Psychische Gesundheit (DZPG), Site Munich-Augsburg, Munich, Germany; Technische Universität München-Weihenstephan, Neuherberg, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich, Munich, Germany.
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Mohd Rafiq N, Fujise K, Rosenfeld MS, Xu P, De Camilli P. Parkinsonism Sac domain mutation in Synaptojanin-1 affects ciliary properties in iPSC-derived dopaminergic neurons. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2318943121. [PMID: 38635628 PMCID: PMC11047088 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2318943121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Synaptojanin-1 (SJ1) is a major neuronal-enriched PI(4, 5)P2 4- and 5-phosphatase implicated in the shedding of endocytic factors during endocytosis. A mutation (R258Q) that impairs selectively its 4-phosphatase activity causes Parkinsonism in humans and neurological defects in mice (SJ1RQKI mice). Studies of these mice showed, besides an abnormal assembly state of endocytic factors at synapses, the presence of dystrophic nerve terminals selectively in a subset of nigro-striatal dopamine (DA)-ergic axons, suggesting a special lability of DA neurons to the impairment of SJ1 function. Here we have further investigated the impact of SJ1 on DA neurons using iPSC-derived SJ1 KO and SJ1RQKI DA neurons and their isogenic controls. In addition to the expected enhanced clustering of endocytic factors in nerve terminals, we observed in both SJ1 mutant neuronal lines increased cilia length. Further analysis of cilia of SJ1RQDA neurons revealed abnormal accumulation of the Ca2+ channel Cav1.3 and of ubiquitin chains, suggesting a defect in the clearing of ubiquitinated proteins at the ciliary base, where a focal concentration of SJ1 was observed. We suggest that SJ1 may contribute to the control of ciliary protein dynamics in DA neurons, with implications on cilia-mediated signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisha Mohd Rafiq
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06510
- Department of Cell biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06510
- Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06510
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD20815
| | - Kenshiro Fujise
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06510
- Department of Cell biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06510
- Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06510
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD20815
| | - Martin Shaun Rosenfeld
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06510
- Department of Cell biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06510
- Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06510
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD20815
| | - Peng Xu
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06510
- Department of Cell biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06510
- Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06510
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD20815
| | - Pietro De Camilli
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06510
- Department of Cell biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06510
- Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06510
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD20815
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Hamidpour SK, Amiri M, Ketabforoush AHME, Saeedi S, Angaji A, Tavakol S. Unraveling Dysregulated Cell Signaling Pathways, Genetic and Epigenetic Mysteries of Parkinson's Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04128-1. [PMID: 38573414 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04128-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a prevalent and burdensome neurodegenerative disorder that has been extensively researched to understand its complex etiology, diagnosis, and treatment. The interplay between genetic and environmental factors in PD makes its pathophysiology difficult to comprehend, emphasizing the need for further investigation into genetic and epigenetic markers involved in the disease. Early diagnosis is crucial for optimal management of the disease, and the development of novel diagnostic biomarkers is ongoing. Although many efforts have been made in the field of recognition and interpretation of the mechanisms involved in the pathophysiology of the disease, the current knowledge about PD is just the tip of the iceberg. By scrutinizing genetic and epigenetic patterns underlying PD, new avenues can be opened for dissecting the pathology of the disorder, leading to more precise and efficient diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. This review emphasizes the importance of studying dysregulated cell signaling pathways and molecular processes associated with genes and epigenetic alterations in understanding PD, paving the way for the development of novel therapeutic strategies to combat this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shayesteh Kokabi Hamidpour
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Science, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mobina Amiri
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Science, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Saeedeh Saeedi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Abdolhamid Angaji
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Science, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shima Tavakol
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1449614535, Iran.
- Department of Research and Development, Tavakol BioMimetic Technologies Company, Tehran, Iran.
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Hong R, Tan Y, Tian X, Huang Z, Wang J, Ni H, Yang J, Bu W, Yang S, Li T, Yu F, Zhong W, Sun T, Wang X, Li D, Liu M, Yang Y, Zhou J. XIAP-mediated degradation of IFT88 disrupts HSC cilia to stimulate HSC activation and liver fibrosis. EMBO Rep 2024; 25:1055-1074. [PMID: 38351372 PMCID: PMC10933415 DOI: 10.1038/s44319-024-00092-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) plays a critical role in liver fibrosis. However, the molecular basis for HSC activation remains poorly understood. Herein, we demonstrate that primary cilia are present on quiescent HSCs but exhibit a significant loss upon HSC activation which correlates with decreased levels of the ciliary protein intraflagellar transport 88 (IFT88). Ift88-knockout mice are more susceptible to chronic carbon tetrachloride-induced liver fibrosis. Mechanistic studies show that the X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP) functions as an E3 ubiquitin ligase for IFT88. Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), a profibrotic factor, enhances XIAP-mediated ubiquitination of IFT88, promoting its proteasomal degradation. Blocking XIAP-mediated IFT88 degradation ablates TGF-β-induced HSC activation and liver fibrosis. These findings reveal a previously unrecognized role for ciliary homeostasis in regulating HSC activation and identify the XIAP-IFT88 axis as a potential therapeutic target for liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renjie Hong
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Science, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanjie Tan
- Center for Cell Structure and Function, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of Shandong, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, 250014, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaoyu Tian
- Center for Cell Structure and Function, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of Shandong, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, 250014, Jinan, China
| | - Zhenzhou Huang
- Center for Cell Structure and Function, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of Shandong, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, 250014, Jinan, China
| | - Jiaying Wang
- Center for Cell Structure and Function, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of Shandong, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, 250014, Jinan, China
| | - Hua Ni
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Science, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, China
| | - Jia Yang
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Science, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, China
| | - Weiwen Bu
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Science, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, China
| | - Song Yang
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Science, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, China
| | - Te Li
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Science, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, China
| | - Fan Yu
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Science, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, China
| | - Weilong Zhong
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, 300052, Tianjin, China
| | - Tao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaohong Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Inflammation Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, 300070, Tianjin, China
| | - Dengwen Li
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Science, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, China
| | - Min Liu
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Science, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, China
| | - Yunfan Yang
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 250012, Jinan, China.
| | - Jun Zhou
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Science, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, China.
- Center for Cell Structure and Function, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of Shandong, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, 250014, Jinan, China.
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7
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Tang D, Zheng K, Zhu J, Jin X, Bao H, Jiang L, Li H, Wang Y, Lu Y, Liu J, Liu H, Tang C, Feng S, Dong X, Xu L, Yin Y, Dang S, Wei X, Ren H, Dong B, Dai L, Cheng W, Wan M, Li Z, Chen J, Li H, Kong E, Wang K, Lu K, Qi S. ALS-linked C9orf72-SMCR8 complex is a negative regulator of primary ciliogenesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2220496120. [PMID: 38064514 PMCID: PMC10723147 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2220496120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Massive GGGGCC (G4C2) repeat expansion in C9orf72 and the resulting loss of C9orf72 function are the key features of ~50% of inherited amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia cases. However, the biological function of C9orf72 remains unclear. We previously found that C9orf72 can form a stable GTPase activating protein (GAP) complex with SMCR8 (Smith-Magenis chromosome region 8). Herein, we report that the C9orf72-SMCR8 complex is a major negative regulator of primary ciliogenesis, abnormalities in which lead to ciliopathies. Mechanistically, the C9orf72-SMCR8 complex suppresses the primary cilium as a RAB8A GAP. Moreover, based on biochemical analysis, we found that C9orf72 is the RAB8A binding subunit and that SMCR8 is the GAP subunit in the complex. We further found that the C9orf72-SMCR8 complex suppressed the primary cilium in multiple tissues from mice, including but not limited to the brain, kidney, and spleen. Importantly, cells with C9orf72 or SMCR8 knocked out were more sensitive to hedgehog signaling. These results reveal the unexpected impact of C9orf72 on primary ciliogenesis and elucidate the pathogenesis of diseases caused by the loss of C9orf72 function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Tang
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, and National Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kaixuan Zheng
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, and National Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiangli Zhu
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, and National Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu610041, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang453000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xi Jin
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, and National Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui Bao
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, and National Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lan Jiang
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, and National Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huihui Li
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, and National Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yichang Wang
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, and National Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu610041, People’s Republic of China
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Lu
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, and National Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiaming Liu
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, and National Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hang Liu
- Division of Life Science, Center of Systems Biology and Human Health, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People’s Republic of China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou511458, People’s Republic of China
- HKUST-Shenzhen Research Institute, Nanshan, Shenzhen518057, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chengbing Tang
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, and National Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shijian Feng
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, and National Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiuju Dong
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, and National Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liangting Xu
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, and National Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yike Yin
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, and National Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shangyu Dang
- Division of Life Science, Center of Systems Biology and Human Health, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People’s Republic of China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou511458, People’s Republic of China
- HKUST-Shenzhen Research Institute, Nanshan, Shenzhen518057, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiawei Wei
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haiyan Ren
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, and National Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Biao Dong
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu610041, People’s Republic of China
- Sichuan Real & Best Biotech Co., Ltd., Chengdu610219, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lunzhi Dai
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, and National Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Cheng
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, and National Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Meihua Wan
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, and National Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhonghan Li
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, and National Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, and National Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, and National Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Eryan Kong
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang453000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kunjie Wang
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, and National Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kefeng Lu
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, and National Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shiqian Qi
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, and National Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu610041, People’s Republic of China
- National Health Commission Key Lab of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu610041, People’s Republic of China
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8
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Qaria MA, Xu C, Hu R, Alsubki RA, Ali MY, Sivasamy S, Attia KA, Zhu D. Ectoine Globally Hypomethylates DNA in Skin Cells and Suppresses Cancer Proliferation. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:621. [PMID: 38132942 PMCID: PMC10744768 DOI: 10.3390/md21120621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic modifications, mainly aberrant DNA methylation, have been shown to silence the expression of genes involved in epigenetic diseases, including cancer suppression genes. Almost all conventional cancer therapeutic agents, such as the DNA hypomethylation drug 5-aza-2-deoxycytidine, have insurmountable side effects. To investigate the role of the well-known DNA protectant (ectoine) in skin cell DNA methylation and cancer cell proliferation, comprehensive methylome sequence analysis, 5-methyl cytosine (5mC) analysis, proliferation and tumorigenicity assays, and DNA epigenetic modifications-related gene analysis were performed. The results showed that extended ectoine treatment globally hypomethylated DNA in skin cells, especially in the CpG island (CGIs) element, and 5mC percentage was significantly reduced. Moreover, ectoine mildly inhibited skin cell proliferation and did not induce tumorigenicity in HaCaT cells injected into athymic nude mice. HaCaT cells treated with ectoine for 24 weeks modulated the mRNA expression levels of Dnmt1, Dnmt3a, Dnmt3b, Dnmt3l, Hdac1, Hdac2, Kdm3a, Mettl3, Mettl14, Snrpn, and Mest. Overall, ectoine mildly demethylates DNA in skin cells, modulates the expression of epigenetic modification-related genes, and reduces cell proliferation. This evidence suggests that ectoine is a potential anti-aging agent that prevents DNA hypermethylation and subsequently activates cancer-suppressing genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majjid A. Qaria
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (M.A.Q.); (C.X.); (M.Y.A.); (S.S.)
| | - Chunyan Xu
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (M.A.Q.); (C.X.); (M.Y.A.); (S.S.)
| | - Ran Hu
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China;
| | - Roua A. Alsubki
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohamed Yassin Ali
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (M.A.Q.); (C.X.); (M.Y.A.); (S.S.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum 63514, Egypt
| | - Sethupathy Sivasamy
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (M.A.Q.); (C.X.); (M.Y.A.); (S.S.)
| | - Kotb A. Attia
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Daochen Zhu
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (M.A.Q.); (C.X.); (M.Y.A.); (S.S.)
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9
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Schmidt S, Stautner C, Vu DT, Heinz A, Regensburger M, Karayel O, Trümbach D, Artati A, Kaltenhäuser S, Nassef MZ, Hembach S, Steinert L, Winner B, Jürgen W, Jastroch M, Luecken MD, Theis FJ, Westmeyer GG, Adamski J, Mann M, Hiller K, Giesert F, Vogt Weisenhorn DM, Wurst W. A reversible state of hypometabolism in a human cellular model of sporadic Parkinson's disease. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7674. [PMID: 37996418 PMCID: PMC10667251 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42862-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Sporadic Parkinson's Disease (sPD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder caused by multiple genetic and environmental factors. Mitochondrial dysfunction is one contributing factor, but its role at different stages of disease progression is not fully understood. Here, we showed that neural precursor cells and dopaminergic neurons derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) from sPD patients exhibited a hypometabolism. Further analysis based on transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics identified the citric acid cycle, specifically the α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex (OGDHC), as bottleneck in sPD metabolism. A follow-up study of the patients approximately 10 years after initial biopsy demonstrated a correlation between OGDHC activity in our cellular model and the disease progression. In addition, the alterations in cellular metabolism observed in our cellular model were restored by interfering with the enhanced SHH signal transduction in sPD. Thus, inhibiting overactive SHH signaling may have potential as neuroprotective therapy during early stages of sPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Schmidt
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.
- Munich Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
| | - Constantin Stautner
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Duc Tung Vu
- Department for Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max-Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Alexander Heinz
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biochemistry and Braunschweig Integrated Center of Systems Biology (BRICS), Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Martin Regensburger
- Department of Molecular Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ozge Karayel
- Department for Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max-Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Dietrich Trümbach
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Metabolism and Cell Death, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Anna Artati
- Research Unit Molecular Endocrinology and Metabolism, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Sabine Kaltenhäuser
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biochemistry and Braunschweig Integrated Center of Systems Biology (BRICS), Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Mohamed Zakaria Nassef
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biochemistry and Braunschweig Integrated Center of Systems Biology (BRICS), Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Sina Hembach
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Letyfee Steinert
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Beate Winner
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Winkler Jürgen
- Department of Molecular Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Martin Jastroch
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Malte D Luecken
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Fabian J Theis
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Mathematics, Technische Universität München, Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Gil Gregor Westmeyer
- Munich Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Institute for Synthetic Biomedicine, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jerzy Adamski
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Matthias Mann
- Department for Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max-Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
- NNF Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Karsten Hiller
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biochemistry and Braunschweig Integrated Center of Systems Biology (BRICS), Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Florian Giesert
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | | | - Wolfgang Wurst
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.
- Chair of Developmental Genetics, Munich School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany.
- Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany.
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) site Munich, Munich, Germany.
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10
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Rafiq NM, Fujise K, Rosenfeld MS, Xu P, Wu Y, De Camilli P. Parkinsonism Sac domain mutation in Synaptojanin-1 affects ciliary properties in iPSC-derived dopaminergic neurons. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.12.562142. [PMID: 37873399 PMCID: PMC10592818 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.12.562142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Synaptojanin-1 (SJ1) is a major neuronal-enriched PI(4,5)P2 4- and 5-phosphatase implicated in the shedding of endocytic factors during endocytosis. A mutation (R258Q) that impairs selectively its 4-phosphatase activity causes Parkinsonism in humans and neurological defects in mice (SJ1RQKI mice). Studies of these mice showed, besides an abnormal assembly state of endocytic factors at synapses, the presence of dystrophic nerve terminals selectively in a subset of nigro-striatal dopamine (DA)-ergic axons, suggesting a special lability of DA neurons to the impairment of SJ1 function. Here we have further investigated the impact of SJ1 on DA neurons using iPSC-derived SJ1 KO and SJ1RQKI DA neurons and their isogenic controls. In addition to the expected enhanced clustering of endocytic factors in nerve terminals, we observed in both SJ1 mutant neuronal lines increased cilia length. Further analysis of cilia of SJ1RQDA neurons revealed abnormal accumulation of the Ca2+ channel Cav1.3 and of ubiquitin chains, suggesting an impaired clearing of proteins from cilia which may result from an endocytic defect at the ciliary base, where a focal concentration of SJ1 was observed. We suggest that SJ1 may contribute to the control of ciliary protein dynamics in DA neurons, with implications on cilia-mediated signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisha Mohd Rafiq
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA
- Department of Cell biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA
- Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair. Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, 20815, USA
| | - Kenshiro Fujise
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA
- Department of Cell biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA
- Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair. Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, 20815, USA
| | - Martin Shaun Rosenfeld
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA
- Department of Cell biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA
- Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair. Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, 20815, USA
| | - Peng Xu
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA
- Department of Cell biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA
- Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair. Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, 20815, USA
| | - Yumei Wu
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA
- Department of Cell biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA
- Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair. Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, 20815, USA
| | - Pietro De Camilli
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA
- Department of Cell biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA
- Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair. Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, 20815, USA
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11
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Binó L, Čajánek L. Tau tubulin kinase 1 and 2 regulate ciliogenesis and human pluripotent stem cells-derived neural rosettes. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12884. [PMID: 37558899 PMCID: PMC10412607 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39887-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary cilia are key regulators of embryo development and tissue homeostasis. However, their mechanisms and functions, particularly in the context of human cells, are still unclear. Here, we analyzed the consequences of primary cilia modulation for human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) proliferation and differentiation. We report that neither activation of the cilia-associated Hedgehog signaling pathway nor ablation of primary cilia by CRISPR gene editing to knockout Tau Tubulin Kinase 2 (TTBK2), a crucial ciliogenesis regulator, affects the self-renewal of hPSCs. Further, we show that TTBK1, a related kinase without previous links to ciliogenesis, is upregulated during hPSCs-derived neural rosette differentiation. Importantly, we demonstrate that while TTBK1 fails to localize to the mother centriole, it regulates primary cilia formation in the differentiated, but not the undifferentiated hPSCs. Finally, we show that TTBK1/2 and primary cilia are implicated in the regulation of the size of hPSCs-derived neural rosettes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Binó
- Laboratory of Cilia and Centrosome Biology, Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 3, 62500, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lukáš Čajánek
- Laboratory of Cilia and Centrosome Biology, Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 3, 62500, Brno, Czech Republic.
- Section of Animal Physiology and Immunology, Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 62500, Brno, Czech Republic.
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12
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Liang Y, Gu M, Liang X, Zhou Y, Yang Q, Wang Z, Yao W, Gao X, Chen S. von Hippel-Lindau-targeting microRNA-143-3p attenuates mitochondrial abnormality via AMPK/PGC-1α axis in Parkinson's disease. Exp Cell Res 2023:113684. [PMID: 37307940 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2023.113684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease characterized by selective loss of dopaminergic neurons. We previously found that inhibition of von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) can alleviate dopaminergic neuron degeneration in PD models via regulation of mitochondrial homeostasis, however, the disease-related alterations of VHL and the regulatory mechanisms of VHL level in PD need to be further investigated. In this study, we found that the levels of VHL were markedly increased in multiple cell models of PD and identified microRNA-143-3p (miR-143-3p) as a promising candidate for regulating VHL expression involved in PD. MiR-143-3p directly bound to the 3'untranslated region of human VHL mRNA and inhibited its translation, and exerted neuroprotective effects by improving cell viability, apoptosis and tyrosine hydroxylase abnormality. Furthermore, we demonstrated that miR-143-3p exerted neuroprotection by attenuating mitochondrial abnormality via AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) axis, and AMPK inhibitor abolished the beneficial effects of miR-143-3p on the cell model of PD. Therefore, we identify the dysregulated VHL and miR-143-3p in PD, and propose the therapeutic potential of miR-143-3p to alleviate PD by improving mitochondrial homeostasis via AMPK/PGC-1α axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yucui Liang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, PR China
| | - Mengyu Gu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, PR China
| | - Xiao Liang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, PR China
| | - Yueqian Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, PR China
| | - Qianhua Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, PR China
| | - Zhiwen Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, PR China
| | - Wenbing Yao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, PR China
| | - Xiangdong Gao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, PR China.
| | - Song Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, PR China.
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13
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Silva DF, Cavadas C. Primary cilia shape hallmarks of health and aging. Trends Mol Med 2023:S1471-4914(23)00071-0. [PMID: 37137787 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2023.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Primary cilia are specialized organelles that sense changes in extracellular milieu, and their malfunction is responsible for several disorders (ciliopathies). Increasing evidence shows that primary cilia regulate tissue and cellular aging related features, which led us to review the evidence on their role in potentiating and/or accelerating the aging process. Primary cilia malfunction is associated with some age-related disorders, from cancer to neurodegenerative and metabolic disorders. However, there is limited understanding of molecular pathways underlying primary cilia dysfunction, resulting in scarce ciliary-targeted therapies available. Here, we discuss the findings on primary cilia dysfunction as modulators of the health and aging hallmarks, and the pertinence of ciliary pharmacological targeting to promote healthy aging or treat age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Filipa Silva
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal; Centre for Innovation in Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Portugal; Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (IIIUC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Cavadas
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal; Centre for Innovation in Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Portugal; Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (IIIUC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Portugal.
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14
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Insights into the cellular consequences of LRRK2-mediated Rab protein phosphorylation. Biochem Soc Trans 2023; 51:587-595. [PMID: 36929701 DOI: 10.1042/bst20201145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Point mutations in leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) which cause Parkinson's disease increase its kinase activity, and a subset of Rab GTPases have been identified as endogenous LRRK2 kinase substrates. Their phosphorylation correlates with a loss-of-function for the membrane trafficking steps they are normally involved in, but it also allows them to bind to a novel set of effector proteins with dominant cellular consequences. In this brief review, we will summarize novel findings related to the LRRK2-mediated phosphorylation of Rab GTPases and its various cellular consequences in vitro and in the intact brain, and we will highlight major outstanding questions in the field.
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15
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Arora S, Rana M, Sachdev A, D’Souza JS. Appearing and disappearing acts of cilia. J Biosci 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s12038-023-00326-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
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16
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Arora S, Rana M, Sachdev A, D'Souza JS. Appearing and disappearing acts of cilia. J Biosci 2023; 48:8. [PMID: 36924208 PMCID: PMC10005925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
The past few decades have seen a rise in research on vertebrate cilia and ciliopathy, with interesting collaborations between basic and clinical scientists. This work includes studies on ciliary architecture, composition, evolution, and organelle generation and its biological role. The human body has cells that harbour any of the following four types of cilia: 9+0 motile, 9+0 immotile, 9+2 motile, and 9+2 immotile. Depending on the type, cilia play an important role in cell/fluid movement, mating, sensory perception, and development. Defects in cilia are associated with a wide range of human diseases afflicting the brain, heart, kidneys, respiratory tract, and reproductive system. These are commonly known as ciliopathies and affect millions of people worldwide. Due to their complex genetic etiology, diagnosis and therapy have remained elusive. Although model organisms like Chlamydomonas reinhardtii have been a useful source for ciliary research, reports of a fascinating and rewarding translation of this research into mammalian systems, especially humans, are seen. The current review peeks into one of the complex features of this organelle, namely its birth, the common denominators across the formation of both 9+0 and 9+2 ciliary types, the molecules involved in ciliogenesis, and the steps that go towards regulating their assembly and disassembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shashank Arora
- School of Biological Sciences, UM-DAE Centre for Excellence in Basic Sciences, Kalina Campus, Santacruz (E), Mumbai 400098, India
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17
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Prakash N. Developmental pathways linked to the vulnerability of adult midbrain dopaminergic neurons to neurodegeneration. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:1071731. [PMID: 36618829 PMCID: PMC9815185 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.1071731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The degeneration of dopaminergic and other neurons in the aging brain is considered a process starting well beyond the infantile and juvenile period. In contrast to other dopamine-associated neuropsychiatric disorders, such as schizophrenia and drug addiction, typically diagnosed during adolescence or young adulthood and, thus, thought to be rooted in the developing brain, Parkinson's Disease (PD) is rarely viewed as such. However, evidences have accumulated suggesting that several factors might contribute to an increased vulnerability to death of the dopaminergic neurons at an already very early (developmental) phase in life. Despite the remarkable ability of the brain to compensate such dopamine deficits, the early loss or dysfunction of these neurons might predispose an individual to suffer from PD because the critical threshold of dopamine function will be reached much earlier in life, even if the time-course and strength of naturally occurring and age-dependent dopaminergic cell death is not markedly altered in this individual. Several signaling and transcriptional pathways required for the proper embryonic development of the midbrain dopaminergic neurons, which are the most affected in PD, either continue to be active in the adult mammalian midbrain or are reactivated at the transition to adulthood and under neurotoxic conditions. The persistent activity of these pathways often has neuroprotective functions in adult midbrain dopaminergic neurons, whereas the reactivation of silenced pathways under pathological conditions can promote the survival and even regeneration of these neurons in the lesioned or aging brain. This article summarizes our current knowledge about signaling and transcription factors involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron development, whose reduced gene dosage or signaling activity are implicated in a lower survival rate of these neurons in the postnatal or aging brain. It also discusses the evidences supporting the neuroprotection of the midbrain dopaminergic system after the external supply or ectopic expression of some of these secreted and nuclear factors in the adult and aging brain. Altogether, the timely monitoring and/or correction of these signaling and transcriptional pathways might be a promising approach to a much earlier diagnosis and/or prevention of PD.
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