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Adegunsoye A, Kropski JA, Behr J, Blackwell TS, Corte TJ, Cottin V, Glanville AR, Glassberg MK, Griese M, Hunninghake GM, Johannson KA, Keane MP, Kim JS, Kolb M, Maher TM, Oldham JM, Podolanczuk AJ, Rosas IO, Martinez FJ, Noth I, Schwartz DA. Genetics and Genomics of Pulmonary Fibrosis: Charting the Molecular Landscape and Shaping Precision Medicine. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2024; 210:401-423. [PMID: 38573068 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202401-0238so] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent genetic and genomic advancements have elucidated the complex etiology of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and other progressive fibrotic interstitial lung diseases (ILDs), emphasizing the contribution of heritable factors. This state-of-the-art review synthesizes evidence on significant genetic contributors to pulmonary fibrosis (PF), including rare genetic variants and common SNPs. The MUC5B promoter variant is unusual, a common SNP that markedly elevates the risk of early and established PF. We address the utility of genetic variation in enhancing understanding of disease pathogenesis and clinical phenotypes, improving disease definitions, and informing prognosis and treatment response. Critical research gaps are highlighted, particularly the underrepresentation of non-European ancestries in PF genetic studies and the exploration of PF phenotypes beyond usual interstitial pneumonia/IPF. We discuss the role of telomere length, often critically short in PF, and its link to progression and mortality, underscoring the genetic complexity involving telomere biology genes (TERT, TERC) and others like SFTPC and MUC5B. In addition, we address the potential of gene-by-environment interactions to modulate disease manifestation, advocating for precision medicine in PF. Insights from gene expression profiling studies and multiomic analyses highlight the promise for understanding disease pathogenesis and offer new approaches to clinical care, therapeutic drug development, and biomarker discovery. Finally, we discuss the ethical, legal, and social implications of genomic research and therapies in PF, stressing the need for sound practices and informed clinical genetic discussions. Looking forward, we advocate for comprehensive genetic testing panels and polygenic risk scores to improve the management of PF and related ILDs across diverse populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayodeji Adegunsoye
- Pulmonary/Critical Care, and
- Committee on Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Jonathan A Kropski
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Juergen Behr
- Department of Medicine V, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center Munich, member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Timothy S Blackwell
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Tamera J Corte
- Centre of Research Excellence in Pulmonary Fibrosis, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
- University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Vincent Cottin
- National Reference Center for Rare Pulmonary Diseases (OrphaLung), Louis Pradel Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, ERN-LUNG (European Reference Network on Rare Respiratory Diseases), Lyon, France
- Claude Bernard University Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Allan R Glanville
- Lung Transplant Unit, St. Vincent's Hospital Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Marilyn K Glassberg
- Department of Medicine, Loyola Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Matthias Griese
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, German Center for Lung Research, Munich, Germany
| | - Gary M Hunninghake
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kerri A Johannson
- Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Michael P Keane
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, St. Vincent's University Hospital and School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - John S Kim
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, and
| | - Martin Kolb
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Toby M Maher
- Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Justin M Oldham
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Anna J Podolanczuk
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | | | - Fernando J Martinez
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York; and
| | - Imre Noth
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - David A Schwartz
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
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2
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Chae M, Lee JH, Park JH, Keum DY, Jung H, Lee Y, Lee DH. Different Role of TRF1 and TRF2 Expression in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancers. Onco Targets Ther 2024; 17:463-469. [PMID: 38855632 PMCID: PMC11162230 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s461430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Background TRF1, TRF2, and TERT (Telomerase reverse transcriptase) are telomere-associated factors that regulate telomere length. Genetic changes in these genes may be associated with cancer pathogenesis; however, this relationship has not yet been comprehensively elucidated in lung cancer. Aim : Exploring the clinicopathologic and prognostic values of TRF1, TRF2, and TERT mRNA expression in non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC). Methods : The clinical significance of TRF1, TRF2, and TERT expression in 141 patients with NSCLC was investigated. Additionally, these findings were supported by the open big data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Results : TRF1 and TRF2 expression levels tended to be associated with smoking, and TERT expression was positively correlated with age. The survival analysis showed that TRF1 expression predicted a better prognosis for squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), whereas TRF2 expression was associated with a shorter survival in adenocarcinoma. TCGA data also showed a better prognosis for SCC with TRF1 expression. However, the TRF2 results were not in agreement with our data. Conclusions : We present the clinical and prognostic values of TRF1, TRF2, and TERT expression in NSCLC tissues and TCGA. Our findings suggest that TRF1 expression is a possible prognostic marker for NSCLC, particularly SCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mincheol Chae
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Keimyung University Dongsan Hospital, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jae-Ho Lee
- Department of Anatomy, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jong Ho Park
- Department of Anatomy, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Dong Yoon Keum
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Keimyung University Dongsan Hospital, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Hanna Jung
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Jung-gu, 41944, Korea
| | - Youngok Lee
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Jung-gu, 41944, Korea
| | - Deok Heon Lee
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Jung-gu, 41944, Korea
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3
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Thasneem A, Sif S, Rahman MM, Crovella S. Can telomeric changes orchestrate the development of autoinflammatory skin diseases? Ital J Dermatol Venerol 2024; 159:318-328. [PMID: 38502535 DOI: 10.23736/s2784-8671.23.07689-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Telomeres, the safeguarding caps at the tips of chromosomes, are pivotal in the aging process of cells and have been linked to skin ailments and inflammatory conditions. Telomeres undergo a gradual reduction in length and factors such as oxidative stress hasten this diminishing process. Skin diseases including inflammatory conditions can be correlated with the shortening of telomeres and the persistent activation of DNA damage response in skin tissues. Telomere dysfunction could disrupt the balance of the skin, impairs wound healing, and may contribute to abnormal cytokine production. Skin aging and processes related to telomeres may function as one of the triggers for skin diseases. The presence of proinflammatory cytokines and dysfunctional telomeres in conditions such as Dyskeratosis Congenita implies a possible connection between the shortening of telomeres and the onset of chronic inflammatory skin disorders. In autoinflammatory skin diseases, chronic inflammation hinders wound healing thus aggravating the progression of the disease. The NF-ĸB pathway might contribute to the initiation or progression of chronic disorders by influencing mechanisms associated with telomere biology. The intricate connections between telomeres, telomerase, telomere-associated proteins, and skin diseases are still a complex puzzle to be solved. Here, we provide an overview of the impact of telomeres on both health and disease with a specific emphasis on their role in skin, inflammation and autoinflammatory skin disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayshath Thasneem
- Biological Science Program, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Said Sif
- Biological Science Program, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Md Mizanur Rahman
- Biological Science Program, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sergio Crovella
- Laboratory of Animal Research Center (LARC), Qatar University, Doha, Qatar -
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4
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Bosso G, Cintra Herpst AC, Laguía O, Adetchessi S, Serrano R, Blasco MA. Differential contribution for ERK1 and ERK2 kinases in BRAF V600E-triggered phenotypes in adult mouse models. Cell Death Differ 2024; 31:804-819. [PMID: 38698060 PMCID: PMC11165013 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-024-01300-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The BRAF gene is mutated in a plethora of human cancers. The majority of such molecular lesions result in the expression of a constitutively active BRAF variant (BRAFV600E) which continuously bolsters cell proliferation. Although we recently addressed the early effects triggered by BRAFV600E-activation, the specific contribution of ERK1 and ERK2 in BRAFV600E-driven responses in vivo has never been explored. Here we describe the first murine model suitable for genetically dissecting the ERK1/ERK2 impact in multiple phenotypes induced by ubiquitous BRAFV600E-expression. We unveil that ERK1 is dispensable for BRAFV600E-dependent lifespan shortening and for BRAFV600E-driven tumor growth. We show that BRAFV600E-expression provokes an ERK1-independent lymphocyte depletion which does not rely on p21CIP1-induced cell cycle arrest and is unresponsive to ERK-chemical inhibition. Moreover, we also reveal that ERK1 is dispensable for BRAFV600E-triggered cytotoxicity in lungs and that ERK-chemical inhibition abrogates some of these detrimental effects, such as DNA damage, in Club cells but not in pulmonary lymphocytes. Our data suggest that ERK1/ERK2 contribution to BRAFV600E-driven phenotypes is dynamic and varies dependently on cell type, the biological function, and the level of ERK-pathway activation. Our findings also provide useful insights into the comprehension of BRAFV600E-driven malignancies pathophysiology as well as the consequences in vivo of novel ERK pathway-targeted anti-cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Bosso
- Telomeres and Telomerase Group, Molecular Oncology Program, Spanish National Cancer Centre (CNIO), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, Madrid, E-28029, Spain
| | - Ana Carolina Cintra Herpst
- Telomeres and Telomerase Group, Molecular Oncology Program, Spanish National Cancer Centre (CNIO), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, Madrid, E-28029, Spain
| | - Oscar Laguía
- Telomeres and Telomerase Group, Molecular Oncology Program, Spanish National Cancer Centre (CNIO), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, Madrid, E-28029, Spain
| | - Sarah Adetchessi
- Telomeres and Telomerase Group, Molecular Oncology Program, Spanish National Cancer Centre (CNIO), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, Madrid, E-28029, Spain
| | - Rosa Serrano
- Telomeres and Telomerase Group, Molecular Oncology Program, Spanish National Cancer Centre (CNIO), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, Madrid, E-28029, Spain
| | - Maria A Blasco
- Telomeres and Telomerase Group, Molecular Oncology Program, Spanish National Cancer Centre (CNIO), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, Madrid, E-28029, Spain.
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5
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Long Y, Yang B, Lei Q, Gao F, Chen L, Chen W, Chen S, Ren W, Cao Y, Xu L, Wu D, Qu J, Li H, Yu Y, Zhang A, Wang S, Chen W, Wang H, Chen T, Chen Z, Li Q. Targeting Senescent Alveolar Epithelial Cells Using Engineered Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles To Treat Pulmonary Fibrosis. ACS NANO 2024; 18:7046-7063. [PMID: 38381372 PMCID: PMC10919282 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c10547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Type 2 alveolar epithelial cell (AEC2) senescence is crucial to the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis (PF). The nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)-consuming enzyme cluster of differentiation 38 (CD38) is a marker of senescent cells and is highly expressed in AEC2s of patients with PF, thus rendering it a potential treatment target. Umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs) have emerged as a cell-free treatment with clinical application prospects in antiaging and antifibrosis treatments. Herein, we constructed CD38 antigen receptor membrane-modified MSC-EVs (CD38-ARM-MSC-EVs) by transfecting MSCs with a lentivirus loaded with a CD38 antigen receptor-CD8 transmembrane fragment fusion plasmid to target AEC2s and alleviate PF. Compared with MSC-EVs, the CD38-ARM-MSC-EVs engineered in this study showed a higher expression of the CD38 antigen receptor and antifibrotic miRNAs and targeted senescent AEC2s cells highly expressing CD38 in vitro and in naturally aged mouse models after intraperitoneal administration. CD38-ARM-MSC-EVs effectively restored the NAD+ levels, reversed the epithelial-mesenchymal transition phenotype, and rejuvenated senescent A549 cells in vitro, thereby mitigating multiple age-associated phenotypes and alleviating PF in aged mice. Thus, this study provides a technology to engineer MSC-EVs and support our CD38-ARM-MSC-EVs to be developed as promising agents with high clinical potential against PF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoying Long
- Department
of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Bianlei Yang
- Department
of Rheumatology and Immunology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Qian Lei
- West
China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Fei Gao
- Department
of Hematology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430014, China
| | - Li Chen
- Department
of Hematology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430014, China
| | - Wenlan Chen
- Department
of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Siyi Chen
- Department
of Rheumatology and Immunology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Wenxiang Ren
- Department
of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Yulin Cao
- Department
of Rheumatology and Immunology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Liuyue Xu
- Department
of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Di Wu
- Department
of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Jiao Qu
- Department
of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - He Li
- Department
of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Yali Yu
- Department
of Rheumatology and Immunology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Anyuan Zhang
- Department
of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Shan Wang
- Department
of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Weiqun Chen
- Key
Laboratory for Molecular Diagnosis of Hubei Province, The Central
Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430014, China
| | - Hongxiang Wang
- Department
of Hematology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430014, China
| | - Ting Chen
- Hubei Engineering
Research Center for Application of Extracellular Vesicle, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China
| | - Zhichao Chen
- Department
of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Qiubai Li
- Department
of Rheumatology and Immunology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- Hubei Engineering
Research Center for Application of Extracellular Vesicle, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China
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6
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Groen K, van der Vis JJ, van Batenburg AA, Kazemier KM, de Bruijn MJ, Stadhouders R, Arp P, Verkerk AJ, Schoemaker AE, de Bie CI, Massink MP, van Beek FT, Grutters JC, Vergouw LJ, van Moorsel CH. A new variant in the ZCCHC8 gene: diverse clinical phenotypes and expression in the lung. ERJ Open Res 2024; 10:00487-2023. [PMID: 38375433 PMCID: PMC10875464 DOI: 10.1183/23120541.00487-2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Pulmonary fibrosis is a severe disease which can be familial. A genetic cause can only be found in ∼40% of families. Searching for shared novel genetic variants may aid the discovery of new genetic causes of disease. Methods Whole-exome sequencing was performed in 152 unrelated patients with a suspected genetic cause of pulmonary fibrosis from the St Antonius interstitial lung disease biobank. Variants of interest were selected by filtering for novel, potentially deleterious variants that were present in at least three unrelated pulmonary fibrosis patients. Results The novel c.586G>A p.(E196K) variant in the ZCCHC8 gene was observed in three unrelated patients: two familial patients and one sporadic patient, who was later genealogically linked to one of the families. The variant was identified in nine additional relatives with pulmonary fibrosis and other telomere-related phenotypes, such as pulmonary arterial venous malformations, emphysema, myelodysplastic syndrome, acute myeloid leukaemia and dyskeratosis congenita. One family showed incomplete segregation, with absence of the variant in one pulmonary fibrosis patient who carried a PARN variant. The majority of ZCCHC8 variant carriers showed short telomeres in blood. ZCCHC8 protein was located in different lung cell types, including alveolar type 2 (AT2) pneumocytes, the culprit cells in pulmonary fibrosis. AT2 cells showed telomere shortening and increased DNA damage, which was comparable to patients with sporadic pulmonary fibrosis and those with pulmonary fibrosis carrying a telomere-related gene variant, respectively. Discussion The ZCCHC8 c.586G>A variant confirms the involvement of ZCCHC8 in pulmonary fibrosis and short-telomere syndromes and underlines the importance of including the ZCCHC8 gene in diagnostic gene panels for these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karlijn Groen
- Department of Pulmonology, St Antonius ILD Center of Excellence, St Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands
| | - Joanne J. van der Vis
- Department of Pulmonology, St Antonius ILD Center of Excellence, St Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, St Antonius ILD Center of Excellence, St Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands
| | - Aernoud A. van Batenburg
- Department of Pulmonology, St Antonius ILD Center of Excellence, St Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands
| | - Karin M. Kazemier
- Department of Pulmonology, St Antonius ILD Center of Excellence, St Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands
- Center of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | | | - Ralph Stadhouders
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Pascal Arp
- Department of Internal Medicine, Laboratory of Population Genomics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Annemieke J.M.H. Verkerk
- Department of Internal Medicine, Laboratory of Population Genomics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Angela E. Schoemaker
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Charlotte I. de Bie
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Maarten P.G. Massink
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Frouke T. van Beek
- Department of Pulmonology, St Antonius ILD Center of Excellence, St Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands
| | - Jan C. Grutters
- Department of Pulmonology, St Antonius ILD Center of Excellence, St Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands
- Division of Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Leonie J.M. Vergouw
- Department of Internal Medicine, Laboratory of Population Genomics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Coline H.M. van Moorsel
- Department of Pulmonology, St Antonius ILD Center of Excellence, St Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands
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7
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Greenland JR, Guo R, Lee S, Tran L, Kapse B, Kukreja J, Hays SR, Golden JA, Calabrese DR, Singer JP, Wolters PJ. Short airway telomeres are associated with primary graft dysfunction and chronic lung allograft dysfunction. J Heart Lung Transplant 2023; 42:1700-1709. [PMID: 37648073 PMCID: PMC10858720 DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2023.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary graft dysfunction (PGD) is a major risk factor for chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD) following lung transplantation, but the mechanisms linking these pathologies are poorly understood. We hypothesized that the replicative stress induced by PGD would lead to erosion of telomeres, and that this telomere dysfunction could potentiate CLAD. In a longitudinal cohort of 72 lung transplant recipients with >6 years median follow-up time, we assessed tissue telomere length, PGD grade, and freedom from CLAD. Epithelial telomere length and fibrosis-associated gene expression were assessed on endobronchial biopsies taken at 2 to 4 weeks post-transplant by TeloFISH assay and nanoString digital RNA counting. Negative-binomial mixed-effects and Cox-proportional hazards models accounted for TeloFISH staining batch effects and subject characteristics including donor age. Increasing grade of PGD severity was associated with shorter airway epithelial telomere lengths (p = 0.01). Transcriptomic analysis of fibrosis-associated genes showed alteration in fibrotic pathways in airway tissue recovering from PGD, while telomere dysfunction was associated with inflammation and impaired remodeling. Shorter tissue telomere length was in turn associated with increased CLAD risk, with a hazard ratio of 1.89 (95% CI 1.16-3.06) per standard deviation decrease in airway telomere length, after adjusting for subject characteristics. PGD may accelerate telomere dysfunction, potentiating immune responses and dysregulated repair. Epithelial cell telomere dysfunction may represent one of several mechanisms linking PGD to CLAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- John R Greenland
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco California; Medical Service, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health Care System, San Francisco California.
| | - Ruyin Guo
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco California
| | - Seoyeon Lee
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco California
| | - Lily Tran
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco California
| | - Bhavya Kapse
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco California
| | - Jasleen Kukreja
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco California
| | - Steven R Hays
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco California
| | - Jeffrey A Golden
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco California
| | - Daniel R Calabrese
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco California; Medical Service, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health Care System, San Francisco California
| | - Jonathan P Singer
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco California
| | - Paul J Wolters
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco California
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8
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Brankiewicz W, Kalathiya U, Padariya M, Węgrzyn K, Prusinowski M, Zebrowska J, Zylicz-Stachula A, Skowron P, Drab M, Szajewski M, Ciesielski M, Gawrońska M, Kallingal A, Makowski M, Bagiński M. Modified Peptide Molecules As Potential Modulators of Shelterin Protein Functions; TRF1. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202300970. [PMID: 37332024 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202300970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we present studies on relatively new and still not well-explored potential anticancer targets which are shelterin proteins, in particular the TRF1 protein can be blocked by in silico designed "peptidomimetic" molecules. TRF1 interacts directly with the TIN2 protein, and this protein-protein interaction is crucial for the proper functioning of telomere, which could be blocked by our novel modified peptide molecules. Our chemotherapeutic approach is based on assumption that modulation of TRF1-TIN2 interaction may be more harmful for cancer cells as cancer telomeres are more fragile than in normal cells. We have shown in vitro within SPR experiments that our modified peptide PEP1 molecule interacts with TRF1, presumably at the site originally occupied by the TIN2 protein. Disturbance of the shelterin complex by studied molecule may not in short term lead to cytotoxic effects, however blocking TRF1-TIN2 resulted in cellular senescence in cellular breast cancer lines used as a cancer model. Thus, our compounds appeared useful as starting model compounds for precise blockage of TRF proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wioletta Brankiewicz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, Narutowicza St 11/12, 80-233, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Umesh Kalathiya
- International Centre for Cancer Vaccine Science, University of Gdansk, ul. Kładki 24, 80-822, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Monikaben Padariya
- International Centre for Cancer Vaccine Science, University of Gdansk, ul. Kładki 24, 80-822, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Węgrzyn
- Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk, Abrahama 58, 80-307, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Maciej Prusinowski
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Joanna Zebrowska
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308, Gdansk, Poland
| | | | - Piotr Skowron
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Marek Drab
- Unit of Nanostructural Bio-Interactions, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Weigla-Street, 53-114, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Mariusz Szajewski
- Department of Oncological Surgery, Gdynia Oncology Centre, Gdynia, Poland
- Division of Propaedeutics of Oncology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Maciej Ciesielski
- Department of Oncological Surgery, Gdynia Oncology Centre, Gdynia, Poland
- Division of Propaedeutics of Oncology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Gawrońska
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Anoop Kallingal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, Narutowicza St 11/12, 80-233, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Mariusz Makowski
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Maciej Bagiński
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, Narutowicza St 11/12, 80-233, Gdansk, Poland
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9
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Bosso G, Cipressa F, Tullo L, Cenci G. Co-amplification of CBX3 with EGFR or RAC1 in human cancers corroborated by a conserved genetic interaction among the genes. Cell Death Discov 2023; 9:317. [PMID: 37633946 PMCID: PMC10460438 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01598-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Chromobox Protein 3 (CBX3) overexpression is a common event occurring in cancer, promotes cancer cell proliferation and represents a poor prognosis marker in a plethora of human cancers. Here we describe that a wide spectrum of human cancers harbors a co-amplification of CBX3 gene with either EGFR or RAC1, which yields a statistically significant increase of both mRNA and protein levels of CBX3, EGFR and RAC1. We also reveal that the simultaneous overexpression of CBX3, RAC1 and EGFR gene products correlates with a worse prognosis compared to the condition when CBX3, RAC1 and EGFR are singularly upregulated. Furthermore, we also show that a co-occurrence of low-grade amplification, in addition to high-grade amplification, between CBX3 and EGFR or RAC1 is associated with a reduced patient lifespan. Finally, we find that CBX3 and RAC1/EGFR genetically interact in the model organism Drosophila melanogaster, suggesting that the simultaneous overexpression as well as well the co-occurrence of high- or low-grade copy number alterations in these genes is not accidental and could reflect evolutionarily conserved functional relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Bosso
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "C. Darwin", Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy.
- Telomeres and Telomerase Group, Molecular Oncology Program, Spanish National Cancer Centre (CNIO), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, Madrid, E-28029, Spain.
| | - Francesca Cipressa
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, Università degli Studi della Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Liliana Tullo
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "C. Darwin", Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Cenci
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "C. Darwin", Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy.
- Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Istituto Pasteur Italia, Rome, Italy.
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10
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Parimon T, Chen P, Stripp BR, Liang J, Jiang D, Noble PW, Parks WC, Yao C. Senescence of alveolar epithelial progenitor cells: a critical driver of lung fibrosis. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2023; 325:C483-C495. [PMID: 37458437 PMCID: PMC10511168 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00239.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis comprises a range of chronic interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) that impose a significant burden on patients and public health. Among these, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), a disease of aging, is the most common and most severe form of ILD and is treated largely by lung transplantation. The lack of effective treatments to stop or reverse lung fibrosis-in fact, fibrosis in most organs-has sparked the need to understand causative mechanisms with the goal of identifying critical points for potential therapeutic intervention. Findings from many groups have indicated that repeated injury to the alveolar epithelium-where gas exchange occurs-leads to stem cell exhaustion and impaired alveolar repair that, in turn, triggers the onset and progression of fibrosis. Cellular senescence of alveolar epithelial progenitors is a critical cause of stemness failure. Hence, senescence impairs repair and thus contributes significantly to fibrosis. In this review, we discuss recent evidence indicating that senescence of epithelial progenitor cells impairs alveolar homeostasis and repair creating a profibrotic environment. Moreover, we discuss the impact of senescent alveolar epithelial progenitors, alveolar type 2 (AT2) cells, and AT2-derived transitional epithelial cells in fibrosis. Emerging evidence indicates that transitional epithelial cells are prone to senescence and, hence, are a new player involved in senescence-associated lung fibrosis. Understanding the complex interplay of cell types and cellular regulatory factors contributing to alveolar epithelial progenitor senescence will be crucial to developing targeted therapies to mitigate their downstream profibrotic sequelae and to promote normal alveolar repair.NEW & NOTEWORTHY With an aging population, lung fibrotic diseases are becoming a global health burden. Dysfunctional repair of the alveolar epithelium is a key causative process that initiates lung fibrosis. Normal alveolar regeneration relies on functional progenitor cells; however, the senescence of these cells, which increases with age, hinders their ability to contribute to repair. Here, we discuss studies on the control and consequence of progenitor cell senescence in fibrosis and opportunities for research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanyalak Parimon
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Women's Guild Lung Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Peter Chen
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Women's Guild Lung Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Barry R Stripp
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Women's Guild Lung Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Jiurong Liang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Women's Guild Lung Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Dianhua Jiang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Women's Guild Lung Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Paul W Noble
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Women's Guild Lung Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - William C Parks
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Women's Guild Lung Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Changfu Yao
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Women's Guild Lung Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States
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11
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Martínez P, Sánchez-Vazquez R, Saha A, Rodriguez-Duque MS, Naranjo-Gonzalo S, Osorio-Chavez JS, Villar-Ramos AV, Blasco MA. Short telomeres in alveolar type II cells associate with lung fibrosis in post COVID-19 patients with cancer. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:204755. [PMID: 37294548 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is responsible for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The severity of COVID-19 increases with each decade of life, a phenomenon that suggest that organismal aging contributes to the fatality of the disease. In this regard, we and others have previously shown that COVID-19 severity correlates with shorter telomeres, a molecular determinant of aging, in patient's leukocytes. Lung injury is a predominant feature of acute SARS-CoV-2 infection that can further progress to lung fibrosis in post-COVID-19 patients. Short or dysfunctional telomeres in Alveolar type II (ATII) cells are sufficient to induce pulmonary fibrosis in mouse and humans. Here, we analyze telomere length and the histopathology of lung biopsies from a cohort of alive post-COVID-19 patients and a cohort of age-matched controls with lung cancer. We found loss of ATII cellularity and shorter telomeres in ATII cells concomitant with a marked increase in fibrotic lung parenchyma remodeling in post- COVID-19 patients compared to controls. These findings reveal a link between presence of short telomeres in ATII cells and long-term lung fibrosis sequel in Post-COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Martínez
- Telomeres and Telomerase Group, Molecular Oncology Program, Spanish National Cancer Centre (CNIO), Madrid E-28029, Spain
| | - Raúl Sánchez-Vazquez
- Telomeres and Telomerase Group, Molecular Oncology Program, Spanish National Cancer Centre (CNIO), Madrid E-28029, Spain
| | - Arpita Saha
- Telomeres and Telomerase Group, Molecular Oncology Program, Spanish National Cancer Centre (CNIO), Madrid E-28029, Spain
| | - Maria S Rodriguez-Duque
- Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander 39008, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), Santander E-39011, Spain
| | - Sara Naranjo-Gonzalo
- Servicio de Cirugía Torácica, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander 39008, Spain
| | - Joy S Osorio-Chavez
- Servicio de Neumología Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander E-39008, Spain
| | - Ana V Villar-Ramos
- Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology of Cantabria (IBBTEC), Cantabria, Santander E-39011, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), Santander E-39011, Spain
- Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander E-39011, Spain
| | - Maria A Blasco
- Telomeres and Telomerase Group, Molecular Oncology Program, Spanish National Cancer Centre (CNIO), Madrid E-28029, Spain
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12
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Piñeiro-Hermida S, Bosso G, Sánchez-Vázquez R, Martínez P, Blasco MA. Telomerase deficiency and dysfunctional telomeres in the lung tumor microenvironment impair tumor progression in NSCLC mouse models and patient-derived xenografts. Cell Death Differ 2023:10.1038/s41418-023-01149-6. [PMID: 37085672 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-023-01149-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a leading cause of cancer death. Tumor progression depends on interactions of cancer cells with the tumor microenvironment. Here, we find increased copy number and mRNA expression of the catalytic subunit of telomerase, TERT, in tumors from NSCLC patients, contributing to a lower survival. Moreover, TERT expression in NSCLC patients from the TCGA cohort is mainly associated to the reduced infiltration of CD8+ T lymphocytes, as well as to increased infiltration of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). We also show that TERT deficiency and dysfunctional telomeres induced by 6-thio-dG treatment in mice reduced lung tumor implantation and vascularization, increased DNA damage response, cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, as well as reduced proliferation, inflammation, lung tumor immunosupression and invasion upon induction of a Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC). Furthermore, 6-thio-dG-treated human NSCLC xenografts exhibited increased telomere damage, cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, as well as reduced proliferation, resulting in a reduced tumor growth. Our results show that targeting telomeres might be an effective therapeutic strategy in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Piñeiro-Hermida
- Telomeres and Telomerase Group, Molecular Oncology Program, Spanish National Cancer Centre (CNIO), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, Madrid, E-28029, Spain
| | - Giuseppe Bosso
- Telomeres and Telomerase Group, Molecular Oncology Program, Spanish National Cancer Centre (CNIO), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, Madrid, E-28029, Spain
| | - Raúl Sánchez-Vázquez
- Telomeres and Telomerase Group, Molecular Oncology Program, Spanish National Cancer Centre (CNIO), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, Madrid, E-28029, Spain
| | - Paula Martínez
- Telomeres and Telomerase Group, Molecular Oncology Program, Spanish National Cancer Centre (CNIO), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, Madrid, E-28029, Spain
| | - Maria A Blasco
- Telomeres and Telomerase Group, Molecular Oncology Program, Spanish National Cancer Centre (CNIO), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, Madrid, E-28029, Spain.
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13
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Adverse effects of pristine and aged polystyrene microplastics in mice and their Nrf2-mediated defense mechanisms with tissue specificity. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:39894-39906. [PMID: 36602732 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-24918-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Health hazards associated with microplastics (MPs) remain largely unknown, and the effects of aged MPs, one of their persistent forms, are poorly characterized. Male ICR mice were intratracheally instilled with 0.01 and 1 mg/day pristine and ultraviolet (UV)-aged polystyrene microplastics (PS and APS) with an average diameter of 4 - 5 μm daily for 1 week. UV irradiation caused the PS to have a rough surface, become fragmented, and increase their carbonyl groups. Both PS and APS caused structural damage to the mouse gut, liver, spleen, and testis. Inflammatory infiltration in liver, swollen and congested gut, and loose spleen globules, as well as the loose interstitium of the seminiferous tubules in testis were found in 1 mg/day APS group. Increases in serum alanine aminotransferase and immunoglobulin A levels in 1 mg/day APS group (p < 0.05) demonstrated that APS exposure could induce greater liver and spleen functional damage than PS. Meanwhile, triglyceride and total cholesterol levels in liver were enhanced in 1 mg/day APS group (p < 0.05). Superoxide dismutase and glutathione contents in 0.01 and 1 mg/day APS groups significantly decreased (p < 0.05), which suggesting that PS and APS could interfere with the antioxidant capacity in mice. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) levels in the PS and APS groups showed significant increases in the liver and testis (p < 0.05), and a significant decrease in the spleen (p < 0.05), which were analyzed to get a first survey for Nrf2/HO-1-mediated tissue-specific defense mechanisms. In conclusion, acute exposure to PS and APS induced potential metabolic disorders, and APS could produce more serious immune damage and reproductive toxicity. These findings provide new insights in health risk assessment of aged MPs.
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14
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Zhang T, Zhang J, Lv C, Li H, Song X. Senescent AECⅡ and the implication for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis treatment. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1059434. [PMID: 36457712 PMCID: PMC9705785 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1059434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic and lethal lung disease with limited treatment options. The onset of IPF increases with age, indicating that aging is a major risk factor for IPF. Among the hallmarks of aging, cellular senescence is the primordial driver and primary etiological factor for tissue and organ aging, and an independent risk factor for the progression of IPF. In this review, we focus on the senescence of alveolar type II epithelial cells (AECIIs) and systematically summarize abnormal changes in signal pathways and biological process and implications of senescent AECIIs during IPF progression. Meanwhile, we objectively analyze current medications targeting the elimination of senescent cells or restoration of vitality such as senolytics, senomorphics, autophagy regulators, and stem cell therapy. Finally, we dialectically discuss the feasibility and limitation of targeting senescent AECIIs for IPF treatment. We hope that the understanding will provide new insights to the development of senescent AECII-based approaches for the prevention and mitigation of IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingwei Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou Medical University, Binzhou, China
| | - Jinjin Zhang
- Department of Cellular and Genetic Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Changjun Lv
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou Medical University, Binzhou, China
| | - Hongbo Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou Medical University, Binzhou, China
| | - Xiaodong Song
- Department of Cellular and Genetic Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
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