1
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Zhang L, Zhang Y, Xu S, Zhao R, Zhai W, Wang J. A Flexible MXene-Black Phosphorus/Zinc Oxide Hybrid Structure with Excellent UVA-Specific Photoelectric Sensing Properties for Human Skin Protection. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2403360. [PMID: 39105450 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202403360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
Ultraviolet A (UVA) radiation causes various irreversible damages to human skin, so the research about UVA-specific sensing device is urgent. 2D black phosphorus (BP) is used in many photosensors due to its advantages of high carrier mobility and tunable bandgap, but its application for UVA-specific photosensor is not reported. Here, a MXene-BP/Zinc oxide (ZnO) hybrid structure with lamellar-spherical interfaces like finger lime fruit is prepared by the layer-by-layer assembly (LLA) method, and p-n junctions are constructed between BP and ZnO with the Ti3C2Tx electrode, showing excellent photoelectric performance. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations demonstrate that the enhanced performance is attributed to the rapid separation of photogenerated carriers in the presence of a built-in electric field at interface. Furthermore, a flexible MXene-BP/ZnO based UVA-specific photosensor is prepared, which shows a specific response to UVA as high as 7 mA W-1 and excellent mechanical stability, maintaining 98.46% response after 100 bending cycles. In particular, the integrated anti-UVA skin protection device shows excellent UVA-specific identification and wireless transmission capability, which can provide timely UVA exposure information and skin protection warning for the visually impaired. This work demonstrates a new approach for further developments of advanced photoelectric sensing technology toward improving people's skin health protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangshutong Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Materials Physics and Chemistry under Extraordinary Conditions & Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Condensed Matter Structure and Properties, School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Yupu Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Materials Physics and Chemistry under Extraordinary Conditions & Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Condensed Matter Structure and Properties, School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Shuchang Xu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Materials Physics and Chemistry under Extraordinary Conditions & Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Condensed Matter Structure and Properties, School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Ruowen Zhao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Materials Physics and Chemistry under Extraordinary Conditions & Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Condensed Matter Structure and Properties, School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Wei Zhai
- MOE Key Laboratory of Materials Physics and Chemistry under Extraordinary Conditions & Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Condensed Matter Structure and Properties, School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Jianyuan Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Materials Physics and Chemistry under Extraordinary Conditions & Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Condensed Matter Structure and Properties, School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
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2
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Tang C, Wang H, Dou Y, Lai P. Meshed, Flexible, and Self-Supported Humidity Sensors by Direct-Writing with Multifunctional Applications. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:33261-33269. [PMID: 39100349 PMCID: PMC11292840 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c05316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
Flexibility endows humidity sensors with new applications in human health monitoring except for traditionally known environmental humidity detection in recent years. In this study, a flexible, mesh-structured, and self-supported humidity sensor was designed and manufactured by direct writing in a homemade two-dimensional stepping numerical control workstation. Bacterial cellulose with humidity sensitivity and good film-forming properties was applied as the self-supporting substrate, in which conductive activated carbon and water-absorptive magnesium chloride (MgCl2) were incorporated. The humidity sensing performance of the printed sensor was measured and optimized. Besides, the fundamental insight into the sensing mechanism of the printed humidity sensor was analyzed by a complex impedance spectrum. The multifunctional applications of the self-supported humidity sensor were demonstrated by human breathing detection, noncontact distance sensing, and speaking recognition. The simple self-supported structure combined with the meshed attribute of the flexible sensor showed large use potential in real-time monitoring of human respiration, voice detection, environmental humidity monitoring, and noncontact switches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengli Tang
- School
of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, China
- Zhejiang
Zhongda Advanced Material Co., Ltd., Jiaxing 314312, China
- College
of Information Science and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, China
| | - Haoxiang Wang
- College
of Information Science and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, China
- School
of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech
University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Yuhao Dou
- College
of Information Science and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, China
- School
of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech
University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Puguo Lai
- College
of Information Science and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, China
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3
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Yao G, Gan X, Lin Y. Flexible self-powered bioelectronics enables personalized health management from diagnosis to therapy. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2024; 69:2289-2306. [PMID: 38821746 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2024.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Flexible self-powered bioelectronics (FSPBs), incorporating flexible electronic features in biomedical applications, have revolutionized the human-machine interface since they hold the potential to offer natural and seamless human interactions while overcoming the limitations of battery-dependent power sources. Furthermore, as biosensors or actuators, FSPBs can dynamically monitor physiological signals to reveal real-time health abnormalities and provide timely and precise treatments. Therefore, FSPBs are increasingly shaping the landscape of health monitoring and disease treatment, weaving a sophisticated and personalized bond between humans and health management. Here, we examine the recent advanced progress of FSPBs in developing working mechanisms, design strategies, and structural configurations toward personalized health management, emphasizing its role in clinical medical scenarios from biophysical/biochemical sensors for sensing diagnosis to robust/biodegradable actuators for intervention therapy. Future perspectives on the challenges and opportunities in emerging multifunctional FSPBs for the next-generation health management systems are also forecasted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Yao
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China; State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China; Shenzhen Institute for Advanced Study, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Shenzhen 518110, China.
| | - Xingyi Gan
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Yuan Lin
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China; State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China; Medico-Engineering Cooperation on Applied Medicine Research Center, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China.
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4
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Bouzari N, Nasseri R, Huang J, Ganguly S, Tang XS, Mekonnen TH, Aghakhani A, Shahsavan H. Hybrid Zwitterionic Hydrogels with Encoded Differential Swelling and Programmed Deformation for Small-Scale Robotics. SMALL METHODS 2024:e2400812. [PMID: 39044713 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202400812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
Stimuli-responsive shape-morphing hydrogels with self-healing and tunable physiochemical properties are excellent candidates for functional building blocks of untethered small-scale soft robots. With mechanical properties similar to soft organs and tissues, such robots enable minimally invasive medical procedures, such as cargo/cell transportation. In this work, responsive hydrogels based on zwitterionic/acrylate chemistry with self-healing and stimuli-responsiveness are synthesized. Such hydrogels are then judiciously cut and pasted to form hybrid constructs with predetermined swelling and elastic anisotropy. This method is used to program hydrogel constructs with predetermined 2D-to-3D deformation upon exposure to different environmental ionic strengths. Untethered soft robotic functionalities are demonstrated, such as actuation, magnetic locomotion, and targeted transport of soft and light cargo in flooded media. The proposed hydrogel expands the repertoire of functional materials for fabricating small-scale soft robots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negin Bouzari
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Rasool Nasseri
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Junting Huang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Sayan Ganguly
- Department of Chemistry, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Xiaowu Shirley Tang
- Department of Chemistry, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Tizazu H Mekonnen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
- Institute of Polymer Research, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Amirreza Aghakhani
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems (IBBS), University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Hamed Shahsavan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
- Center for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
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5
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Li L, Zhang J, Song Y, Dan R, Xia X, Zhao J, Xu R. Flexible Humidity Sensor Based on a Graphene Oxide-Carbon Nanotube-Modified Co 3O 4 Nanoparticle-Embedded Laser-Induced Graphene Electrode. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:33981-33992. [PMID: 38897966 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c05993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
To meet evolving humidity monitoring needs, the development of flexible, high-performance humidity sensors is crucial. This study introduces an innovative flexible humidity sensor using a single-step laser scribing technique to fabricate a flexible in situ Co3O4 nanoparticle-embedded laser-induced graphene (Co3O4-LIG) composite electrode. Compared to conventional LIG electrodes, the Co3O4-LIG electrode exhibits improved conductivity and hydrophilicity, enhancing charge transfer and water molecule affinity. The unique two-dimensional structure and exceptional water permeability of graphene oxide (GO) combine with the rapid water response and high specific surface area of carboxylated multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), thereby assuming a crucial function in the modification and optimization of the performance of humidity sensors. Through the application of a homogenously blended aqueous solution comprising GO and MWCNTs in precise proportions onto the Co3O4-LIG composite electrode, an excellent humidity-responsive layer is established, culminating in the realization of a cutting-edge GO-MWCNTs@Co3O4-LIG flexible humidity sensor. Noteworthy attributes of this sensor include a heightened sensitivity [959.1% (ΔR/R0)], rapid response and recovery times (within 5 and 26 s, respectively), and a noteworthy linearity (R2 = 0.994) across a relative humidity range of 14 to 95%. The findings presented herein offer valuable insights and a practical blueprint for the design and production of flexible humidity sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Li
- College of Electronic and Optical Engineering & College of Flexible Electronics (Future Technology), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology Zijin College, 89 Wenlan Road, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Jiaming Zhang
- College of Electronic and Optical Engineering & College of Flexible Electronics (Future Technology), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Yang Song
- College of Electronic and Optical Engineering & College of Flexible Electronics (Future Technology), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Ronghui Dan
- College of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Xiaojuan Xia
- College of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Jiang Zhao
- College of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Rongqing Xu
- College of Electronic and Optical Engineering & College of Flexible Electronics (Future Technology), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
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6
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Kumar V, Alam MN, Park SS. Review of Recent Progress on Silicone Rubber Composites for Multifunctional Sensor Systems. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1841. [PMID: 39000697 PMCID: PMC11244113 DOI: 10.3390/polym16131841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The latest progress (the year 2021-2024) on multifunctional sensors based on silicone rubber is reported. These multifunctional sensors are useful for real-time monitoring through relative resistance, relative current change, and relative capacitance types. The present review contains a brief overview and literature survey on the sensors and their multifunctionalities. This contains an introduction to the different functionalities of these sensors. Following the introduction, the survey on the types of filler or rubber and their fabrication are briefly described. The coming section deals with the fabrication methodology of these composites where the sensors are integrated. The special focus on mechanical and electro-mechanical properties is discussed. Electro-mechanical properties with a special focus on response time, linearity, and gauge factor are reported. The next section of this review reports the filler dispersion and its role in influencing the properties and applications of these sensors. Finally, various types of sensors are briefly reported. These sensors are useful for monitoring human body motions, breathing activity, environment or breathing humidity, organic gas sensing, and, finally, smart textiles. Ultimately, the study summarizes the key takeaway from this review article. These conclusions are focused on the merits and demerits of the sensors and are followed by their future prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vineet Kumar
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan 38541, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Md Najib Alam
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan 38541, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Shin Park
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan 38541, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
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7
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Lv Z, Zhu S, Wang Y, Ren Y, Luo M, Wang H, Zhang G, Zhai Y, Zhao S, Zhou Y, Jiang M, Leng YB, Han ST. Development of Bio-Voltage Operated Humidity-Sensory Neurons Comprising Self-Assembled Peptide Memristors. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2405145. [PMID: 38877385 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202405145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
Biomimetic humidity sensors offer a low-power approach for respiratory monitoring in early lung-disease diagnosis. However, balancing miniaturization and energy efficiency remains challenging. This study addresses this issue by introducing a bioinspired humidity-sensing neuron comprising a self-assembled peptide nanowire (NW) memristor with unique proton-coupled ion transport. The proposed neuron shows a low Ag+ activation energy owing to the NW and redox activity of the tyrosine (Tyr)-rich peptide in the system, facilitating ultralow electric-field-driven threshold switching and a high energy efficiency. Additionally, Ag+ migration in the system can be controlled by a proton source owing to the hydrophilic nature of the phenolic hydroxyl group in Tyr, enabling the humidity-based control of the conductance state of the memristor. Furthermore, a memristor-based neuromorphic perception neuron that can encode humidity signals into spikes is proposed. The spiking characteristics of this neuron can be modulated to emulate the strength-modulated spike-frequency characteristics of biological neurons. A three-layer spiking neural network with input neurons comprising these highly tunable humidity perception neurons shows an accuracy of 92.68% in lung-disease diagnosis. This study paves the way for developing bioinspired self-assembly strategies to construct neuromorphic perception systems, bridging the gap between artificial and biological sensing and processing paradigms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyu Lv
- College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
| | - Shirui Zhu
- Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
| | - Yan Wang
- School of Microelectronics, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, P. R. China
| | - Yanyun Ren
- 2020 X-Lab, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China
| | - Mingtao Luo
- College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
| | - Hanning Wang
- College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
| | - Guohua Zhang
- College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
| | - Yongbiao Zhai
- College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
| | - Shilong Zhao
- School of Electronic Information Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, 528000, P. R. China
| | - Ye Zhou
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
| | - Minghao Jiang
- College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
| | - Yan-Bing Leng
- Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
| | - Su-Ting Han
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
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8
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Sun J, Yang R, Li Q, Zhu R, Jiang Y, Zang L, Zhang Z, Tong W, Zhao H, Li T, Li H, Qi D, Li G, Chen X, Dai Z, Liu Z. Living Synthelectronics: A New Era for Bioelectronics Powered by Synthetic Biology. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2400110. [PMID: 38494761 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202400110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Bioelectronics, which converges biology and electronics, has attracted great attention due to their vital applications in human-machine interfaces. While traditional bioelectronic devices utilize nonliving organic and/or inorganic materials to achieve flexibility and stretchability, a biological mismatch is often encountered because human tissues are characterized not only by softness and stretchability but also by biodynamic and adaptive properties. Recently, a notable paradigm shift has emerged in bioelectronics, where living cells, and even viruses, modified via gene editing within synthetic biology, are used as core components in a new hybrid electronics paradigm. These devices are defined as "living synthelectronics," and they offer enhanced potential for interfacing with human tissues at informational and substance exchange levels. In this Perspective, the recent advances in living synthelectronics are summarized. First, opportunities brought to electronics by synthetic biology are briefly introduced. Then, strategic approaches to designing and making electronic devices using living cells/viruses as the building blocks, sensing components, or power sources are reviewed. Finally, the challenges faced by living synthelectronics are raised. It is believed that this paradigm shift will significantly contribute to the real integration of bioelectronics with human tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Sun
- Soft Bio-interface Electronics Lab, Center of Neural Engineering, CAS Key Laboratory of Human-Machine Intelligence-Synergy Systems, Shenzhen Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics for Society, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Synthesis, Transformation and Separation of Extreme Environmental Nutrients, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
| | - Ruofan Yang
- Soft Bio-interface Electronics Lab, Center of Neural Engineering, CAS Key Laboratory of Human-Machine Intelligence-Synergy Systems, Shenzhen Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics for Society, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Qingsong Li
- Soft Bio-interface Electronics Lab, Center of Neural Engineering, CAS Key Laboratory of Human-Machine Intelligence-Synergy Systems, Shenzhen Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics for Society, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Runtao Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Quantitative Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Ying Jiang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Lei Zang
- Key Laboratory of Quantitative Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Zhibo Zhang
- Soft Bio-interface Electronics Lab, Center of Neural Engineering, CAS Key Laboratory of Human-Machine Intelligence-Synergy Systems, Shenzhen Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics for Society, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Wei Tong
- Soft Bio-interface Electronics Lab, Center of Neural Engineering, CAS Key Laboratory of Human-Machine Intelligence-Synergy Systems, Shenzhen Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics for Society, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Hang Zhao
- Soft Bio-interface Electronics Lab, Center of Neural Engineering, CAS Key Laboratory of Human-Machine Intelligence-Synergy Systems, Shenzhen Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics for Society, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Tengfei Li
- Soft Bio-interface Electronics Lab, Center of Neural Engineering, CAS Key Laboratory of Human-Machine Intelligence-Synergy Systems, Shenzhen Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics for Society, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Hanfei Li
- Soft Bio-interface Electronics Lab, Center of Neural Engineering, CAS Key Laboratory of Human-Machine Intelligence-Synergy Systems, Shenzhen Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics for Society, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Dianpeng Qi
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Synthesis, Transformation and Separation of Extreme Environmental Nutrients, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
| | - Guanglin Li
- Soft Bio-interface Electronics Lab, Center of Neural Engineering, CAS Key Laboratory of Human-Machine Intelligence-Synergy Systems, Shenzhen Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics for Society, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Xiaodong Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Zhuojun Dai
- Key Laboratory of Quantitative Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Zhiyuan Liu
- Soft Bio-interface Electronics Lab, Center of Neural Engineering, CAS Key Laboratory of Human-Machine Intelligence-Synergy Systems, Shenzhen Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics for Society, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Standard Robots Co.,Ltd,Room 405, Building D, Huafeng International Robot Fusen Industrial Park, Hangcheng Avenue, Guxing Community, Xixiang Street, Baoan District, Shenzhen, 518055, China
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9
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Zhou X, Liu X, Yu X, Liu Q, Bai T, Gao M, Xu C, Zhang X, Zhu M, Cheng Y. Hybrid Water-Harvesting Channels Delivering Wide-Range and Supersensitive Passive Fluorescence Humidity Sensors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:27794-27803. [PMID: 38748448 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c05437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
The development of optical humidity detection has been of considerable interest in highly integrated wearable electronics and packaged equipment. However, improving their capacities for color recognition at ultralow humidity and response-recovery rate remains a significant challenge. Herein, we propose a type of hybrid water-harvesting channel to construct brand-new passive fluorescence humidity sensors (PFHSs). Specifically, the hybrid water-harvesting channels involve porous metal-organic frameworks and a hydrophilic poly(acrylic acid) network that can capture water vapors from the ambient environment even at ultralow humidity, into which polar-responsive aggregation-induced emission molecules are doped to impart humidity-sensitive luminescence colors. As a result, the PFHSs exhibit clearly defined fluorescence signals within 0-98% RH coupling with desirable performances such as a fast response rate, precise quantitative feedback, and durable reversibility. Given the flexible processability of this system, we further upgrade the porous structure via electrostatic spinning to furnish a kind of Nano-PFHSs, demonstrating an impressive response time (<100 ms). Finally, we validate the promising applications of these sensors in electronic humidity monitoring and successfully fabricate a portable and rapid humidity indicator card.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuyang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Xiaoqing Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Qin Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Tianxiang Bai
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Mengyue Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Chengjian Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Xinhai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Meifang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Yanhua Cheng
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
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10
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Zhai W, Dai K, Liu H, Liu C, Shen C. Deep learning-assisted intelligent wearable precise cardiovascular monitoring system. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2024; 69:1176-1178. [PMID: 38538462 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2024.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhai
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Mold (Zhengzhou University), Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Kun Dai
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Mold (Zhengzhou University), Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Hu Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Mold (Zhengzhou University), Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Chuntai Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Mold (Zhengzhou University), Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Changyu Shen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Mold (Zhengzhou University), Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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11
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Niu Q, Huang L, Fan S, Yao X, Zhang Y. 3D Printing Silk Fibroin/Polyacrylamide Triple-Network Composite Hydrogels with Stretchability, Conductivity, and Strain-Sensing Ability as Bionic Electronic Skins. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2024; 10:3489-3499. [PMID: 38661561 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.4c00201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Electronic skins have received increasing attention due to their great application potential in wearable electronics. Meanwhile, tremendous efforts are still needed for the fabrication of multifunctional composite hydrogels with complex structures for electronic skins via simple methods. In this work, a novel three-dimensional (3D) printing composite hydrogel with stretchability, conductivity, and strain-sensing ability is produced using a one-step photocuring method to achieve a dual-signal response of the electronic skin. The composite hydrogel exhibits a triple-network structure composed of silk microfibers (SMF), regenerated silk fibroin (RSF), and polyacrylamide (PAM). The establishment of triple networks is based on the electrostatic interaction between SMF and RSF, as well as the chemically cross-linked RSF and PAM. Thanks to its specific structure and components, the composite hydrogel possesses enhanced mechanical properties (elastic modulus of 140 kPa, compressive stress of 21 MPa, and compression modulus of 600 kPa) and 3D printability while retaining stretchability and flexibility. The interaction between negatively charged SMF and cations in phosphate-buffered saline endows the composite hydrogel with good conductivity and strain-sensing ability after immersion in a low-concentration (10 mM) salt solution. Moreover, the 3D printing composite hydrogel scaffold successfully realizes real-time monitoring. Therefore, the proposed hydrogel-based ionic sensor is promising for skin tissue engineering, real-time monitoring, soft robotics, and human-machine interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Niu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Li Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Suna Fan
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Xiang Yao
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Yaopeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
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12
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Zhang K, Li X, Yan C, Shi R, Fang Z, Zhou S, Cao R, Tian J. All-Wood-Based Ionic Power Generator with Dual Functions for Alkaline Wastewater Reuse and Energy Harvesting. ACS NANO 2024; 18:10259-10269. [PMID: 38551447 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c00990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Water-induced electricity harvesting has gained much significance for energy sustainability. Bio-based hydrovoltaic materials increase the attractiveness of this strategy. Although promising, it faces a challenge due to its reliance on fresh water and its inherently low power output. Herein, the energy from alkalinity-gradient power generation demonstrated the feasibility of reuse of alkaline wastewater to develop an all-wood-based water-induced electric generator (WEG) based on ion concentration gradients. The intermittent water droplets bring about uneven distribution of electrolyte and endow delignified wood with the difference of ion concentration along aligned cellulose nanochannels, thus supplying electrical power. The practice of using alkali reservoirs, including industrial wastewater, further contributes to electricity generation. The cubic WEG with a side length of 2 cm can produce an ultrahigh open-circuit voltage of about 1.1 V and a short-circuit current of up to 320 μA. A power output of 6.75 μW cm-2 is correspondingly realized. Series-connected WEGs can be used as an energy source for commercial electronics and self-powered systems. Our design provides a double value proposition, allowing for sustainable energy generation and wastewater reuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, School of Light Industry and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, School of Light Industry and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Chenyang Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, School of Light Industry and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Rongxiang Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, School of Light Industry and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Zhiqiang Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, School of Light Industry and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Songlin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, School of Tropical Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan 571199, China
| | - Rong Cao
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, School of Tropical Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan 571199, China
| | - Junfei Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, School of Light Industry and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Biorefinery, Guangzhou 510006, China
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13
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Li X, Liu Y, Ding Y, Zhang M, Lin Z, Hao Y, Li Y, Chang J. Capacitive Pressure Sensor Combining Dual Dielectric Layers with Integrated Composite Electrode for Wearable Healthcare Monitoring. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:12974-12985. [PMID: 38416692 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c01042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Foot activity can reflect numerous physiological abnormalities in the human body, making gait a valuable metric in health monitoring. Research on flexible sensors for gait monitoring has focused on high sensitivity, wide working range, fast response, and low detection limit, but challenges remain in areas such as elasticity, antibacterial activity, user-friendliness, and long-term stability. In this study, we have developed a novel capacitive pressure sensor that offers an ultralow detection limit of 1 Pa, wide detection ranges from 1 Pa to 2 MPa, a high sensitivity of 0.091 kPa-1, a fast response time of 71 ms, and exceptional stability over 6000 cycles. This sensor not only has the ability of accurately discriminating mechanical stimuli but also meets the requirements of elasticity, antibacterial activity, wearable comfort, and long-term stability for gait monitoring. The fabrication method of a dual dielectric layer and integrated composite electrode is simple, cost-effective, stable, and amenable to mass production. Thereinto, the introduction of a dual dielectric layer, based on an optimized electrospinning network and micropillar array, has significantly improved the sensitivity, detection range, elasticity, and antibacterial performance of the sensor. The integrated flexible electrodes are made by template method using composite materials of carbon nanotubes (CNTs), two-dimensional titanium carbide Ti3C2Tx (MXene), and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), offering synergistic advantages in terms of conductivity, stability, sensitivity, and practicality. Additionally, we designed a smart insole that integrates the as-prepared sensors with a miniature instrument as a wearable platform for gait monitoring and disease warning. The developed sensor and wearable platform offer a cutting-edge solution for monitoring human activity and detecting diseases in a noninvasive manner, paving the way for future wearable devices and personalized healthcare technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Li
- Advanced Interdisciplinary Research Center for Flexible Electronics, Academy of Advanced Interdisciplinary Research, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China
- State Key Discipline Laboratory of Wide Band Gap Semiconductor Technology, School of Microelectronics, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China
| | - Yannan Liu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Degradable Biomedical Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Yarong Ding
- State Key Discipline Laboratory of Wide Band Gap Semiconductor Technology, School of Microelectronics, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China
| | - Miao Zhang
- Advanced Interdisciplinary Research Center for Flexible Electronics, Academy of Advanced Interdisciplinary Research, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China
| | - Zhenhua Lin
- State Key Discipline Laboratory of Wide Band Gap Semiconductor Technology, School of Microelectronics, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China
| | - Yue Hao
- State Key Discipline Laboratory of Wide Band Gap Semiconductor Technology, School of Microelectronics, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China
| | - Yingchun Li
- Advanced Interdisciplinary Research Center for Flexible Electronics, Academy of Advanced Interdisciplinary Research, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China
| | - Jingjing Chang
- Advanced Interdisciplinary Research Center for Flexible Electronics, Academy of Advanced Interdisciplinary Research, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China
- State Key Discipline Laboratory of Wide Band Gap Semiconductor Technology, School of Microelectronics, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China
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14
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Lu W, Zhang Q, Liu N, Lei D, Ren Z, Yin J, Jia P, Gao Y. Nylon Fabric/GO Based Self-Powered Humidity Sensor Based on the Galvanic Cell Principle with High Air Permeability and Rapid-Response. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2306463. [PMID: 37899294 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202306463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
Flexible humidity sensors have received more and more attention in people's lives, and the problems of gas permeability and power supply issues of the device have long been areas in need of improvement. In this work, inspired by the high air permeability of daily wear clothing and galvanic batteries, a self-powered humidity sensor with high air permeability and fast response is designed. A nylon fabric/GO net (as a humidity sensitive layer and solid electrolyte) is obtained by spraying technique. This structure enables the sensor to have fast response/recovery (0.78 s/0.93 s, calculated at 90% of the final value), ultra-high response (0.83 V) and excellent stability (over 150 cycles) at 35 °C. Such sensors are useful for health monitoring, such as non-contact monitoring of human respiratory rate before and after exercise, and monitoring a level of humidity in the palms, arms, and fingers. This research provides an idea for developing a flexible wearable humidity sensor that is both breathable and self-powered and can also be mass-produced similar to wearable clothing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhong Lu
- School of Physics and Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO), Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Qixiang Zhang
- School of Physics and Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO), Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Nishuang Liu
- School of Physics and Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO), Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Dandan Lei
- School of Physics and Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO), Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Ziqi Ren
- School of Physics and Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO), Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Jianyu Yin
- School of Physics and Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO), Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Peixue Jia
- School of Physics and Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO), Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Yihua Gao
- School of Physics and Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO), Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
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15
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Li Q, Wang F, Zhang Y, Shi M, Zhang Y, Yu H, Liu S, Li J, Tan SC, Chen W. Biopolymers for Hygroscopic Material Development. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2209479. [PMID: 36652538 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202209479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The effective management of atmospheric water will create huge value for mankind. Diversified and sustainable biopolymers that are derived from organisms provide rich building blocks for various hygroscopic materials. Here, a comprehensive review of recent advances in developing biopolymers for hygroscopic materials is provided. It is begun with a brief introduction of species diversity and the processes of obtaining various biopolymer materials from organisms. The fabrication of hygroscopic materials is then illustrated, with a specific focus on the use of biopolymer-derived materials as substrates to produce composites and the use of biopolymers as building blocks to fabricate composite gels. Next, the representative applications of biopolymer-derived hygroscopic materials for dehumidification, atmospheric water harvesting, and power generation are systematically presented. An outlook on future challenges and key issues worthy of attention are finally provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Li
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, P. R. China
| | - Fei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, P. R. China
| | - Yaoxin Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering drive 1, Singapore, 117574, Singapore
| | - Mengjiao Shi
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, P. R. China
| | - Yingying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Haipeng Yu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, P. R. China
| | - Shouxin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, P. R. China
| | - Jian Li
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, P. R. China
| | - Swee Ching Tan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering drive 1, Singapore, 117574, Singapore
| | - Wenshuai Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, P. R. China
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16
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Fu Y, Kang S, Xiang G, Su C, Gao C, Tan L, Gu H, Wang S, Zheng Z, Dai S, Lin C. Ultraflexible Temperature-Strain Dual-Sensor Based on Chalcogenide Glass-Polymer Film for Human-Machine Interaction. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2313101. [PMID: 38417448 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202313101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Skin-like thermoelectric (TE) films with temperature- and strain-sensing functions are highly desirable for human-machine interaction systems and wearable devices. However, current TE films still face challenges in achieving high flexibility and excellent sensing performance simultaneously. Herein, for the first time, a facile roll-to-roll strategy is proposed to fabricate an ultraflexible chalcogenide glass-polytetrafluoroethylene composite film with superior temperature- and strain-sensing performance. The unique reticular network of the composite film endows it with efficient Seebeck effect and flexibility, leading to a high Seebeck coefficient (731 µV/K), rapid temperature response (≈0.7 s), and excellent strain sensitivity (gauge factor = 836). Based on this high-performance composite film, an intelligent robotic hand for action feedback and temperature alarm is fabricated, demonstrating its great potential in human-machine interaction. Such TE film fabrication strategy not only brings new inspiration for wearable inorganic TE devices, but also sets the stage for a wide implementation of multifunctional human-machine interaction systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqing Fu
- Laboratory of Infrared Materials and Devices, The Research Institute of Advanced Technologies, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, P. R. China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Materials and Devices, Ningbo, 315211, P. R. China
- Engineering Research Center for Advanced Infrared Photoelectric Materials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo, 315211, P. R. China
| | - Shiliang Kang
- Laboratory of Infrared Materials and Devices, The Research Institute of Advanced Technologies, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, P. R. China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Materials and Devices, Ningbo, 315211, P. R. China
- Engineering Research Center for Advanced Infrared Photoelectric Materials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo, 315211, P. R. China
| | - Guofeng Xiang
- Laboratory of Infrared Materials and Devices, The Research Institute of Advanced Technologies, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, P. R. China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Materials and Devices, Ningbo, 315211, P. R. China
- Engineering Research Center for Advanced Infrared Photoelectric Materials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo, 315211, P. R. China
| | - Chengran Su
- Laboratory of Infrared Materials and Devices, The Research Institute of Advanced Technologies, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, P. R. China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Materials and Devices, Ningbo, 315211, P. R. China
- Engineering Research Center for Advanced Infrared Photoelectric Materials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo, 315211, P. R. China
| | - Chengwei Gao
- Laboratory of Infrared Materials and Devices, The Research Institute of Advanced Technologies, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, P. R. China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Materials and Devices, Ningbo, 315211, P. R. China
- Engineering Research Center for Advanced Infrared Photoelectric Materials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo, 315211, P. R. China
| | - Linling Tan
- Laboratory of Infrared Materials and Devices, The Research Institute of Advanced Technologies, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, P. R. China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Materials and Devices, Ningbo, 315211, P. R. China
- Engineering Research Center for Advanced Infrared Photoelectric Materials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo, 315211, P. R. China
| | - Hao Gu
- Laboratory of Infrared Materials and Devices, The Research Institute of Advanced Technologies, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, P. R. China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Materials and Devices, Ningbo, 315211, P. R. China
- Engineering Research Center for Advanced Infrared Photoelectric Materials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo, 315211, P. R. China
| | - Shengpeng Wang
- Laboratory of Infrared Materials and Devices, The Research Institute of Advanced Technologies, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, P. R. China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Materials and Devices, Ningbo, 315211, P. R. China
- Engineering Research Center for Advanced Infrared Photoelectric Materials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo, 315211, P. R. China
| | - Zhuanghao Zheng
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Advanced Thin Films and Applications, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
| | - Shixun Dai
- Laboratory of Infrared Materials and Devices, The Research Institute of Advanced Technologies, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, P. R. China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Materials and Devices, Ningbo, 315211, P. R. China
- Engineering Research Center for Advanced Infrared Photoelectric Materials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo, 315211, P. R. China
| | - Changgui Lin
- Laboratory of Infrared Materials and Devices, The Research Institute of Advanced Technologies, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, P. R. China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Materials and Devices, Ningbo, 315211, P. R. China
- Engineering Research Center for Advanced Infrared Photoelectric Materials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo, 315211, P. R. China
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17
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Qi M, Xu R, Ding G, Zhou K, Zhu S, Leng Y, Sun T, Zhou Y, Han ST. An in-sensor humidity computing system for contactless human-computer interaction. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2024; 11:939-948. [PMID: 38078356 DOI: 10.1039/d3mh01734f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Being capable of processing large amounts of redundant data and decreasing power consumption, in-sensor computing approaches play significant roles in neuromorphic computing and are attracting increasing interest in perceptual information processing. Herein, we proposed a high performance humidity-sensitive memristor based on a Ti/graphene oxide (GO)/HfOx/Pt structure and verified its potential for application in remote health management and contactless human-machine interfaces. Since GO possesses abundant hydrophilic groups (carbonyl, epoxide, and hydroxyl), the memristor shows a high humidity sensitivity, fast response, and wide response range. By utilizing the proton-modulated redox reaction, humidity exposure to the memristor induces a dynamic change in the switching between high and low resistance states, ensuring essential synaptic learning functions, such as paired-pulse facilitation, spike number-dependent plasticity, and spike amplitude-dependent plasticity. More importantly, based on the humidity-induced salient features originating from the abundant hydrophilic functional groups in GO, we have implemented a noncontact human-machine interface utilizing the respiratory mode in humans, demonstrating the potential of promoting health monitoring applications and effectively blocking virus transmission. In addition, the high recognition accuracy of contactless handwriting in a 5 × 5 array artificial neural network was successfully achieved, which is attributed to the excellent emulated synaptic behaviors. This study provides a feasible method to develop an excellent humidity-sensitive memristor for constructing efficient in-sensor computing for application in health management and contactless human-computer interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Qi
- Institute for Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China
| | - Runze Xu
- Institute for Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China
| | - Guanglong Ding
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China
| | - Kui Zhou
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China
| | - Shirui Zhu
- Institute for Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China
| | - Yanbing Leng
- Institute for Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China
| | - Tao Sun
- Institute for Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China
| | - Ye Zhou
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China
| | - Su-Ting Han
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.
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18
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Huang L, Tang Y, Liu W, Hu Q, Wei X. Cellulose paper-based humidity power generator with high open circuit voltage based on zinc-air battery structure. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 326:121649. [PMID: 38142083 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
The sensing mechanisms of common humidity sensors related to conductive active materials, which can be simply attributed to the variations in resistivity due to the separation of conductive materials and variations in polymer permittivity, are generally plagued by drawbacks such as cumbersome fabrication processes, high cost and low performance. Herein, we prepared Zn/Cellulose filter paper (CFP)/Nanoscale carbon ink (NCI)/Cu structure humidity power generators (ZHGs) based on the power generation principle of typical zinc-air batteries, using active metals with strong conductivity as electrodes, and the redox reactions that took place in the zinc-air battery can convert the chemical energy in the electrode into a stable electrical energy. The ZHG fabricated in this work can reach an extremely high open circuit voltage (Voc) of 0.803 V at 97 % RH and possesses an excellent power density of 312.24 μW/cm2, which has a good linear relationship (R2 = 0.9669) over a wide humidity range (20-97 % RH). In addition, 10 ZHGs in series can charge commercial capacitors up to 3.83 V. Finally, the proof of concept demonstrated that the humidity power generation sensor can be well applied in human respiratory monitoring, finger non-contact switch, and power supply for light emitting diode (LED).
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Huang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Agricultural Information Sensoring Technology, College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Yu Tang
- Academy of Interdisciplinary Studies, Guangdong Polytechnic Normal University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Wei Liu
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Qichang Hu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Agricultural Information Sensoring Technology, College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Xuan Wei
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Agricultural Information Sensoring Technology, College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China.
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19
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Hua Q, Shen G. Low-dimensional nanostructures for monolithic 3D-integrated flexible and stretchable electronics. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:1316-1353. [PMID: 38196334 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00918a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Flexible/stretchable electronics, which are characterized by their ultrathin design, lightweight structure, and excellent mechanical robustness and conformability, have garnered significant attention due to their unprecedented potential in healthcare, advanced robotics, and human-machine interface technologies. An increasing number of low-dimensional nanostructures with exceptional mechanical, electronic, and/or optical properties are being developed for flexible/stretchable electronics to fulfill the functional and application requirements of information sensing, processing, and interactive loops. Compared to the traditional single-layer format, which has a restricted design space, a monolithic three-dimensional (M3D) integrated device architecture offers greater flexibility and stretchability for electronic devices, achieving a high-level of integration to accommodate the state-of-the-art design targets, such as skin-comfort, miniaturization, and multi-functionality. Low-dimensional nanostructures possess small size, unique characteristics, flexible/elastic adaptability, and effective vertical stacking capability, boosting the advancement of M3D-integrated flexible/stretchable systems. In this review, we provide a summary of the typical low-dimensional nanostructures found in semiconductor, interconnect, and substrate materials, and discuss the design rules of flexible/stretchable devices for intelligent sensing and data processing. Furthermore, artificial sensory systems in 3D integration have been reviewed, highlighting the advancements in flexible/stretchable electronics that are deployed with high-density, energy-efficiency, and multi-functionalities. Finally, we discuss the technical challenges and advanced methodologies involved in the design and optimization of low-dimensional nanostructures, to achieve monolithic 3D-integrated flexible/stretchable multi-sensory systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qilin Hua
- School of Integrated Circuits and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
- Institute of Flexible Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Guozhen Shen
- School of Integrated Circuits and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
- Institute of Flexible Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, China
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20
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Katiyar AK, Hoang AT, Xu D, Hong J, Kim BJ, Ji S, Ahn JH. 2D Materials in Flexible Electronics: Recent Advances and Future Prospectives. Chem Rev 2024; 124:318-419. [PMID: 38055207 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Flexible electronics have recently gained considerable attention due to their potential to provide new and innovative solutions to a wide range of challenges in various electronic fields. These electronics require specific material properties and performance because they need to be integrated into a variety of surfaces or folded and rolled for newly formatted electronics. Two-dimensional (2D) materials have emerged as promising candidates for flexible electronics due to their unique mechanical, electrical, and optical properties, as well as their compatibility with other materials, enabling the creation of various flexible electronic devices. This article provides a comprehensive review of the progress made in developing flexible electronic devices using 2D materials. In addition, it highlights the key aspects of materials, scalable material production, and device fabrication processes for flexible applications, along with important examples of demonstrations that achieved breakthroughs in various flexible and wearable electronic applications. Finally, we discuss the opportunities, current challenges, potential solutions, and future investigative directions about this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajit Kumar Katiyar
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Anh Tuan Hoang
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Duo Xu
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Juyeong Hong
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Beom Jin Kim
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghyeon Ji
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hyun Ahn
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
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21
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Choi SG, Kang SH, Lee JY, Park JH, Kang SK. Recent advances in wearable iontronic sensors for healthcare applications. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1335188. [PMID: 38162187 PMCID: PMC10757853 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1335188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Iontronic sensors have garnered significant attention as wearable sensors due to their exceptional mechanical performance and the ability to maintain electrical performance under various mechanical stimuli. Iontronic sensors can respond to stimuli like mechanical stimuli, humidity, and temperature, which has led to exploration of their potential as versatile sensors. Here, a comprehensive review of the recent researches and developments on several types of iontronic sensors (e.g., pressure, strain, humidity, temperature, and multi-modal sensors), in terms of their sensing principles, constituent materials, and their healthcare-related applications is provided. The strategies for improving the sensing performance and environmental stability of iontronic sensors through various innovative ionic materials and structural designs are reviewed. This review also provides the healthcare applications of iontronic sensors that have gained increased feasibility and broader applicability due to the improved sensing performance. Lastly, outlook section discusses the current challenges and the future direction in terms of the applicability of the iontronic sensors to the healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Geun Choi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Hun Kang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Yong Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo-Hyeon Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Kyun Kang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Advanced Materials (RIAM), Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Nano Systems Institute SOFT Foundry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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22
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Dou Y, Tang C, Lu Y. Self-Powered, Highly Sensitive, and Flexible Humidity Sensor Based on Carboxymethyl Cellulose for Multifunctional Applications. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:17436-17445. [PMID: 37976429 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c02641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Self-powered humidity sensors based on friction electric and piezoelectric principles have been proposed in recent years. However, the complicated structure and preparation processes usually involved in these power generation humidity sensors limit their wider application. Herein, we developed a self-powered flexible humidity sensor with a simple structure and facile preparation process based on the primary battery principle. The self-powered humidity sensor consists of copper conductive tape as the positive electrode, nickel conductive tape as the negative electrode, and a carboxymethyl cellulose film dissolved with lithium chloride and sodium chloride as the sensing layer. The sensor exhibits good sensing linearity (R2 = 0.99791) in a wide relative humidity range (11-95%) with a satisfying response voltage of 41 mV (RH 95%) and excellent flexibility. Furthermore, the conduction mechanism of the sensing film was investigated by the complex impedance and phase angle-frequency spectral measurement and analysis. Multifunctional applications of human respiration monitoring to determine the respiratory rate and type, noncontact sensing, diaper and soil moisture detection, and power generation were demonstrated. The low-cost and facile preparation method in this work could provide a useful strategy for developing a self-powered, flexible, and multifunctional humidity sensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhao Dou
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Chengli Tang
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314000, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electronics and Digital Health of Zhejiang Province, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, China
| | - Yebo Lu
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314000, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electronics and Digital Health of Zhejiang Province, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, China
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23
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Guo H, Ning Y, Zhang Y, Qin Y, Ren Z, Gu W, Mou J, Zhang M, Liu Z, Zhang Y, Zhang J, Yuan L. Wearable Fiber SPR Respiration Sensor Based on a LiBr-Doped Silk Fibroin Film. ACS Sens 2023; 8:4171-4178. [PMID: 37861795 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.3c01414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Respiration is essential for supporting human body functions. However, a biocompatible fiber respiration sensor has rarely been discussed. In this study, we propose a wearable fiber surface plasmon resonance (SPR) respiration sensor using a LiBr-doped silk fibroin (SF) film. The SPR sensor monitors respiration by responding to airway humidity variation during inhalation and exhalation. We fabricated the SPR respiration sensor by depositing the core of a plastic-clad optical fiber with a gold film and an SF-LiBr composite film. The SF-LiBr composite film can absorb water through the interaction between water molecules and hydrogen bonds linking fibroin chains. Thus, humidity variation can change the SF-LiBr composite film's refractive index (RI), altering the phase-matching condition of the surface plasmon polaritons and shifting the SPR spectral dip. In experiments, we test the effect of the LiBr doping ratio on humidity response and confirm that the SF-22.1 wt % LiBr sensor has balanced performances. The SF-22.1 wt % LiBr sensor has a broad sensing range of 35-99% relative humidity (RH), a reasonable overall sensitivity of -6.5 nm/% RH, a fast response time of 135 ms, a quick recovery time of 150 ms, good reversibility, and good repeatability, which is capable of tracking different respiration states and patterns. Finally, we encapsulate this sensor in a conventional nasal oxygen cannula for wearable respiration monitoring, proving that the sensor is suitable for high-sensitivity, real-time, and accurate respiration monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huigai Guo
- Key Laboratory of In-Fiber Integrated Optics, Ministry of Education, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Photonic Materials and Device Physics for Oceanic Applications, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of China, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
- Research Center of Space Optical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
| | - Yangang Ning
- Key Laboratory of In-Fiber Integrated Optics, Ministry of Education, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Photonic Materials and Device Physics for Oceanic Applications, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of China, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
- Research Center of Space Optical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of In-Fiber Integrated Optics, Ministry of Education, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Photonic Materials and Device Physics for Oceanic Applications, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of China, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
| | - Yifan Qin
- Key Laboratory of In-Fiber Integrated Optics, Ministry of Education, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Photonic Materials and Device Physics for Oceanic Applications, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of China, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
| | - Zhuo Ren
- Key Laboratory of In-Fiber Integrated Optics, Ministry of Education, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Photonic Materials and Device Physics for Oceanic Applications, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of China, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
| | - Wenxuan Gu
- Key Laboratory of In-Fiber Integrated Optics, Ministry of Education, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Photonic Materials and Device Physics for Oceanic Applications, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of China, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
| | - Jinhua Mou
- Key Laboratory of In-Fiber Integrated Optics, Ministry of Education, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Photonic Materials and Device Physics for Oceanic Applications, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of China, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
| | - Min Zhang
- Key Laboratory of In-Fiber Integrated Optics, Ministry of Education, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Photonic Materials and Device Physics for Oceanic Applications, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of China, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
- MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes for Translational Brain Research, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Zhihai Liu
- Key Laboratory of In-Fiber Integrated Optics, Ministry of Education, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Photonic Materials and Device Physics for Oceanic Applications, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of China, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
| | - Yaxun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of In-Fiber Integrated Optics, Ministry of Education, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Photonic Materials and Device Physics for Oceanic Applications, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of China, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
- Qingdao Innovation and Development Center, Harbin Engineering University, Qingdao 266500, P. R. China
| | - Jianzhong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of In-Fiber Integrated Optics, Ministry of Education, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Photonic Materials and Device Physics for Oceanic Applications, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of China, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
| | - Libo Yuan
- Photonics Research Center, Guilin University of Electronics Technology, Guilin 541004, P. R. China
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24
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Kim BJ, Bonacchini GE, Ostrovsky-Snider NA, Omenetto FG. Bimodal Gating Mechanism in Hybrid Thin-Film Transistors Based on Dynamically Reconfigurable Nanoscale Biopolymer Interfaces. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2302062. [PMID: 37640508 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202302062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, increased control over naturally derived structural protein formulations and their self-assembly has enabled the application of high-resolution manufacturing techniques to silk-based materials, leading to bioactive interfaces with unprecedented miniaturized formats and functionalities. Here, a hybrid biopolymer-semiconductor device, obtained by integrating nanoscale silk layers in a well-established class of inorganic field-effect transistors (silk-FETs), is presented. The devices offer two distinct modes of operation-either traditional field-effect or electrolyte-gated-enabled by the precisely controlled thickness, morphology, and biochemistry of the integrated silk layers. The different operational modes are selectively accessed by dynamically modulating the free-water content within the nanoscale protein layer from the vapor phase. The utility of these hybrid devices is illustrated in a highly sensitive and ultrafast breath sensor, highlighting the opportunities offered by the integration of nanoscale biomaterial interfaces in conjunction with traditional semiconductor devices, enabling functional outcomes at the intersection between the worlds of microelectronics and biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beom Joon Kim
- Silklab, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | | | | | - Fiorenzo G Omenetto
- Silklab, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
- Department of Physics, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
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25
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Pan B, Su P, Jin M, Huang X, Wang Z, Zhang R, Xu H, Liu W, Ye Y. Ultrathin hierarchical hydrogel-carbon nanocomposite for highly stretchable fast-response water-proof wearable humidity sensors. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2023; 10:5263-5276. [PMID: 37750039 DOI: 10.1039/d3mh01093g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Wearable humidity sensors play an important role in human health monitoring. However, challenges persist in realizing high performance wearable humidity sensors with fast response and good stretchability and durability. Here we report wearable humidity sensors employing an ultrathin micro-nano hierarchical hydrogel-carbon nanocomposite. The nanocomposite is synthesized on polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) films via a facile two-step solvent-free approach, which creates a hierarchical architecture consisting of periodic microscale wrinkles and vapor-deposited nanoporous hydrogel-candle-soot nanocoating. The hierarchical surface topography results in a significantly enlarged specific surface area (>107 times that of planar hydrogel), which along with the ultrathin hydrogel endow the sensor with high sensitivity and a fast response/recovery (13/0.48 s) over a wide humidity range (11-96%). Owing to the wrinkle structure and interpenetrating network between the hydrogel and PDMS, the sensor is stable and durable against repeated 180° bending, 100% strain, and even scratching. Furthermore, encapsulation of the sensor imparts excellent resistance to water, sweat, and bacteria without influencing its performance. The sensor is then successfully used to monitor different human respiratory behaviors and skin humidity in real time. The reported method is convenient and cost-effective, which could bring exciting new opportunities in the fabrication of next-generation wearable humidity sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingqi Pan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, P. R. China.
| | - Peipei Su
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, P. R. China.
| | - Minghui Jin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, P. R. China.
| | - Xiaocheng Huang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, P. R. China.
| | - Zhenbo Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, P. R. China.
| | - Ruhao Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, P. R. China.
| | - He Xu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, P. R. China.
| | - Wenna Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, P. R. China.
| | - Yumin Ye
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, P. R. China.
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26
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Wang H, Tang C, Xu J. A highly sensitive flexible humidity sensor based on conductive tape and a carboxymethyl cellulose@graphene composite. RSC Adv 2023; 13:27746-27755. [PMID: 37727318 PMCID: PMC10506538 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra05232j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Flexible humidity sensors have found new applications in diverse fields including human healthcare, the Internet of Things, and so on. In this paper, a highly sensitive humidity sensor based on carboxymethyl cellulose@graphene and conductive adhesive tape was developed. The sensor was constructed on conductive tape which acted as both of the flexible substrate and the electrode to transmit electronic signals. A carboxymethyl cellulose@graphene composite was assembled on the substrate as the sensing layer by a simple spreading method in a 3-D printed groove mold. The sensitive material was characterized for its morphology, composition, crystalline phase, and hydrophilicity by SEM, EDS, XRD, and contact angle measurements. The effect of graphene on the sensitivity was investigated in detail by adjusting the doping concentration. Humidity sensing performance was tested in different relative humidity levels. The rapid responses under different respiratory conditions demonstrated their practical usability in continuous respiration monitoring and recognition of respiratory status. The conductive mechanism of the sensing film was studied by complex impedance spectroscopy under different relative humidity levels. A rational sensing mechanism was proposed integrating ionic conduction, electron conduction and swelling behavior of the carboxymethyl cellulose@graphene composite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoxiang Wang
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University Hangzhou 310018 China
| | - Chengli Tang
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Jiaxing University Jiaxing 314001 China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electronics and Digital Health of Zhejiang Province, Jiaxing University Jiaxing 314001 China
| | - Jun Xu
- First Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University Jiaxing 314000 China
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27
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Xiao Y, Zhang Y, Qu C, Zhang S, Liu H, Xu Y. Miniaturized Flexible Non-Contact Interface Based on Heat Shrinkage Technology. SMALL METHODS 2023; 7:e2300316. [PMID: 37289103 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202300316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
High-performance miniaturized flexible sensors are becoming increasingly important in wearable electronics. However, miniaturization of devices often requires high-precision manufacturing processes and equipment, which limits the commercialization of flexible sensors. Therefore, revolutionary technologies for manufacturing miniaturized flexible sensors are highly desired. In this work, a new method for manufacturing miniaturized flexible humidity sensor by utilizing heat shrinkage technology is presented. This method successfully achieves much smaller sensor and denser interdigital electrode. Utilizing this method, a miniaturized flexible humidity sensor and array are presented, fabricated by anchoring nano-Al2 O3 into carbon nano-tube as the humidity sensitive film. This heat shrinkage technology, forming wrinkle structure on the humidity sensitive film, endows the sensor with a high sensitivity over 200% (ΔR/R0 ) at humidity levels ranging from 0 to 90%RH and a fast recovery time (0.5 s). The sensor allows non-contact monitoring human respiration and alerting in case of an asthma attack and the sensor array can be adaptively attached to the wrist as a non-contact human-machine interface to control the mechanical hand or computer. This work provides a general and effective heat shrinkage technology for the development of smaller and more efficient flexible circuits and sensor devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Xiao
- Institution of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100089, China
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Inorganic Stretchable and Flexible Information Technology, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yuanlong Zhang
- Institution of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100089, China
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Inorganic Stretchable and Flexible Information Technology, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Changming Qu
- Institution of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100089, China
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Inorganic Stretchable and Flexible Information Technology, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Shaochun Zhang
- Institution of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100089, China
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Inorganic Stretchable and Flexible Information Technology, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Hanyun Liu
- Institution of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100089, China
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Inorganic Stretchable and Flexible Information Technology, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yun Xu
- Institution of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100089, China
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Inorganic Stretchable and Flexible Information Technology, Beijing, 100083, China
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28
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Wang P, Ding H, Li X, Liu Y, Sun Y, Li Y, Xu G, Chen S, Wang X. Stretchable and Self-Adhesive Humidity-Sensing Patch for Multiplexed Non-Contact Sensing. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:38562-38571. [PMID: 37530029 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c06767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
The slippage of moisture-sensitive materials from substrates during bending or stretching is a common issue that causes baseline drift and even failure of the flexible humidity sensors, which are essential components of wearable electronic devices. In this study, we report a stretchable, self-adhesive, and transparent humidity-sensing electronic patch comprising liquid metal particle electrodes with a stretchable serpentine structure and a humidity-sensing layer made of Ti3C2Tx MXene/carboxymethyl cellulose. This patch is constructed on a soft-hard integrated heterostructure substrate and demonstrates stable humidity-sensitive response performance at 100% tensile strain, along with autonomous adhesion to human skin. Additionally, it exhibits maximum response (1145.4%) at 90% relative humidity (RH), fast response and recovery time (1.4/5.9 s), elevated sensitivity (64.63%/% RH), and preserved humidity sensing under deformation, as well as easy scalability for multiplexed detection. We further illustrate the patch's potential applications in healthcare and environmental monitoring through a non-contact security door control system and wind monitor system. Our proposed strain-isolation strategy can be extended to other rigid conductive materials and stretchable substrates, providing a feasible mechanism for producing stretchable electronic skin patches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peihe Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan 411105, China
| | - Hongyan Ding
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan 411105, China
| | - Xiaofeng Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan 411105, China
| | - Yangchengyi Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan 411105, China
| | - Yi Sun
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan 411105, China
| | - Yujing Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan 411105, China
| | - Guozhuang Xu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan 411105, China
| | - Shangda Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan 411105, China
| | - Xiufeng Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan 411105, China
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29
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Li S, Wang H, Ma W, Qiu L, Xia K, Zhang Y, Lu H, Zhu M, Liang X, Wu XE, Liang H, Zhang Y. Monitoring blood pressure and cardiac function without positioning via a deep learning-assisted strain sensor array. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadh0615. [PMID: 37566652 PMCID: PMC10421034 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adh0615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Continuous and reliable monitoring of blood pressure and cardiac function is of great importance for diagnosing and preventing cardiovascular diseases. However, existing cardiovascular monitoring approaches are bulky and costly, limiting their wide applications for early diagnosis. Here, we developed an intelligent blood pressure and cardiac function monitoring system based on a conformal and flexible strain sensor array and deep learning neural networks. The sensor has a variety of advantages, including high sensitivity, high linearity, fast response and recovery, and high isotropy. Experiments and simulation synergistically verified that the sensor array can acquire high-precise and feature-rich pulse waves from the wrist without precise positioning. By combining high-quality pulse waves with a well-trained deep learning model, we can monitor blood pressure and cardiac function parameters. As a proof of concept, we further constructed an intelligent wearable system for real-time and long-term monitoring of blood pressure and cardiac function, which may contribute to personalized health management, precise and early diagnosis, and remote treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Li
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Haomin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Wei Ma
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Lin Qiu
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Kailun Xia
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Haojie Lu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Mengjia Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Xiaoping Liang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Xun-En Wu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Huarun Liang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Yingying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
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30
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Liu Y, Zhou J, Ji Z, Zhuo F, Wen S, Chen Y, Fu Y, Duan H. 5.7 GHz Ultrasensitive Shear Horizontal-Surface Acoustic Wave Humidity Sensor Based on LiNbO 3/SiO 2/SiC Heterostructures with a Sensitive Layer of Polyethyleneimine-SiO 2 Nanocomposites. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:35422-35429. [PMID: 37462178 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c02642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Humidity sensing and water molecule monitoring have become hot research topics attributed to their potential applications in monitoring breathing/physiological conditions of humans, air conditioning in greenhouses, and soil moisture in agriculture. However, there is a huge challenge for highly sensitive and precision humidity detection with wireless and fast responsive capabilities. In this work, a hybrid/synergistic strategy was proposed using a LiNbO3/SiO2/SiC heterostructure to generate shear-horizontal (SH) surface acoustic waves (SAWs) and using a nanocomposite of polyethylenimine-silicon dioxide nanoparticles (PEI-SiO2 NPs) to form a sensitive layer, thus achieving an ultrahigh sensitivity of SAW humidity sensors. Ultrahigh frequencies (1∼15 GHz) of SAW devices were obtained on a high-velocity heterostructure of LiNbO3/SiO2/SiC. Among the multimodal wave modes, we selected SH waves for humidity sensing and achieved a high mass-sensitivity of 5383 MHz · mm2 · μg-1. With the PEI-SiO2 NP composite as the sensitive layer, an ultrahigh sensitivity of 2.02 MHz/% RH was obtained, which is two orders of magnitude higher than those of the conventional SAW humidity sensors (∼202.5 MHz frequency) within a humidity range of 20-80% RH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanghui Liu
- College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Zhangbin Ji
- College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Fengling Zhuo
- College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Shengyu Wen
- College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Yiqin Chen
- College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - YongQing Fu
- Faculty of Engineering and Environment, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, U.K
| | - Huigao Duan
- College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
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31
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Yang H, He J, Yan J, Li H, Bai Y, Wang Q, Yan H, Yin S. Highly Sensitive Self-Powered Humidity Sensor Based on a TaS 2/Cu 2S Heterostructure Driven by a Triboelectric Nanogenerator. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023. [PMID: 37385961 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c04162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Self-powered humidity sensors with high response and good stability have attracted extensive interest in environmental monitoring, medical and health care, and sentiment detection. Because of its high specific surface area and good conductivity, two-dimensional material has wide application in the field of humidity sensing. In this work, we proposed a novel self-powered high-performance TaS2/Cu2S heterostructure-based humidity sensor driven by a triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) made with the same structure. The TaS2/Cu2S heterostructure was prepared via the chemical vapor deposition method, and then, electrolytic and ultrasound treatments were introduced to further increase the surface area. The fabricated humidity sensor showed ultrahigh sensitivity (S = 3.08 × 104), fast response (2 s), low hysteresis (3.5%), and great stability. First-principles calculation results demonstrated the existence of an electron transport channel with a low energy barrier (-0.156 eV) from the Cu2S to TaS2 layer in the heterostructure, which improves the surface charge transfer of the material. The TaS2/Cu2S heterojunction-based TENG can generate an output voltage of 30 V and an output current of 2.9 μA. Furthermore, the proposed self-powered humidity sensor verified the potential ability of detecting human respiratory frequency, skin humidity, and environmental humidity. This work provides a new and feasible path for research in the field of humidity sensors and promotes the application development of self-powered electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiqi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Display Materials and Photoelectric Devices (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Materials and Devices, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Function Materials Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, P. R. China
| | - Jinbo He
- Key Laboratory of Display Materials and Photoelectric Devices (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Materials and Devices, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Function Materials Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, P. R. China
| | - Jinjian Yan
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Semiconductors and Applications, Collaborative Innovation Center for Optoelectronic Semiconductors and Efficient Devices, Department of Physics, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China
- Jiujiang Research Institute of Xiamen University, Jiujiang 332000, P. R. China
| | - Heng Li
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Semiconductors and Applications, Collaborative Innovation Center for Optoelectronic Semiconductors and Efficient Devices, Department of Physics, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China
- Jiujiang Research Institute of Xiamen University, Jiujiang 332000, P. R. China
| | - Yanliu Bai
- Key Laboratory of Display Materials and Photoelectric Devices (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Materials and Devices, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Function Materials Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, P. R. China
| | - Qingguo Wang
- GuoAng Zhuotai (Tianjin) Smart IOT Technology Co., Ltd, Tianjin 301700, P. R. China
| | - Hui Yan
- Key Laboratory of Display Materials and Photoelectric Devices (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Materials and Devices, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Function Materials Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, P. R. China
| | - Shougen Yin
- Key Laboratory of Display Materials and Photoelectric Devices (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Materials and Devices, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Function Materials Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, P. R. China
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32
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Cho H, Lee C, Lee C, Lee S, Kim S. Robust, Ultrathin, and Highly Sensitive Reduced Graphene Oxide/Silk Fibroin Wearable Sensors Responded to Temperature and Humidity for Physiological Detection. Biomacromolecules 2023; 24:2606-2617. [PMID: 37075303 PMCID: PMC10266372 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.3c00106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
Skin temperature and skin humidity are used for monitoring physiological processes, such as respiration. Despite advances in wearable temperature and humidity sensors, the fabrication of a durable and sensitive sensor for practical uses continues to pose a challenge. Here, we developed a durable, sensitive, and wearable temperature and humidity sensor. A reduced graphene oxide (rGO)/silk fibroin (SF) sensor was fabricated by employing a layer-by-layer technique and thermal reduction treatment. Compared with rGO, the elastic bending modulus of rGO/SF could be increased by up to 232%. Furthermore, an evaluation of the performance of an rGO/SF sensor showed that it had outstanding robustness: it could withstand repeatedly applied temperature and humidity loads and repeated bending. The developed rGO/SF sensor is promising for practical applications in healthcare and biomedical monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeonho Cho
- School
of Mechanical Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Korea
| | - Chanui Lee
- School
of Mechanical Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Korea
| | - ChaBum Lee
- J.
Mike Walker ’66 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3123, United States
| | - Sangmin Lee
- School
of Mechanical Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Korea
| | - Sunghan Kim
- School
of Mechanical Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Korea
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33
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Zhao Y, Chen G, Zhao Y, Li M, Zhang N, Wen J, Zhou N, Li S, Mao H, Huang C. Wafer-Level, High-Performance, Flexible Sensors Based on Organic Nanoforests for Human-Machine Interactions. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023. [PMID: 37307295 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c04953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
High-performance flexible sensors are essential for real-time information analysis and constructing noncontact communication modules for emerging human-machine interactions. In these applications, batch fabrication of sensors that exhibit high performance at the wafer level is in high demand. Here, we present organic nanoforest-based humidity sensor (NFHS) arrays on a 6 in. flexible substrate prepared via a facile, cost-effective manufacturing approach. Such an NFHS achieves state-of-the-art overall performance: high sensitivity and fast recovery time; the best properties are at a small device footprint. The high sensitivity (8.84 pF/% RH) and fast response time (5 s) of the as-fabricated organic nanoforests are attributed to the abundant hydrophilic groups, the ultra-large surface area with a huge number of nanopores, and the vertically distributed structures beneficial to the transfer of molecules up and down. The NFHS also exhibits excellent long-term stability (90 days), superior mechanical flexibility, and good performance repeatability after bending. With these superiorities, the NFHS is further applied as a smart noncontact switch, and the NFHS array is used as the motion trajectory tracker. The wafer-level batch fabrication capability of our NFHS provides a potential strategy for developing practical applications of such humidity sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuefang Zhao
- Institute of Microelectronics of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Guidong Chen
- Institute of Microelectronics of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yaqian Zhao
- Institute of Microelectronics of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Mao Li
- Institute of Microelectronics of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Nan Zhang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Optics, Changchun Institute of Optics Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, P. R. China
| | - Jing Wen
- Institute of Microelectronics of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Na Zhou
- Institute of Microelectronics of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Shaojuan Li
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Optics, Changchun Institute of Optics Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, P. R. China
| | - Haiyang Mao
- Institute of Microelectronics of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Chengjun Huang
- Institute of Microelectronics of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
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34
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Bai L, Zhang Y, Guo S, Qu H, Yu Z, Yu H, Chen W, Tan SC. Hygrothermic Wood Actuated Robotic Hand. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2211437. [PMID: 36843238 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202211437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Stimulus-responsive actuators play a vital role in the new generation of intelligent systems. However, poor mechanical performance, complicated fabrication processes, and the inability to complex deformation limit their practical applications. Herein, these challenges are overcome via designing a strong hygrothermic wood actuator with asymmetric water affinity. The actuator is readily constructed by sandwiching polypyrrole-coated wood with a Ni complex hygroscopic gel top layer for moisture absorption and a polyimide bottom layer as the water barrier. The resulting hygrothermic wood spontaneously stretches and bends itself in response to moisture and thermal/light stimulation. A robotic hand and a series of grippers made of hygrothermic wood demonstrate dexterous object-hand interactions during grasping and holding, while the reversible hygrothermic property allows the actuator to be potentially applied in fire rescue scenarios to rescue trapped objects. A combination of good mechanical properties, multi-stimulus-response, complex deformation, wide working temperature range, low manufacturing cost, and biocompatibility are simultaneously realized by one device. It is thus believed that such a strong wood actuator will open up a new avenue for building intelligent robotic hand systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Bai
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117575, Singapore
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, P. R. China
| | - Yaoxin Zhang
- China-UK Low Carbon College, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 201306, P. R. China
| | - Shuai Guo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117575, Singapore
| | - Hao Qu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117575, Singapore
| | - Zhen Yu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117575, Singapore
| | - Haipeng Yu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, P. R. China
| | - Wenshuai Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, P. R. China
| | - Swee Ching Tan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117575, Singapore
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35
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Pan T, Yu Z, Huang F, Yao H, Hu G, Tang C, Gu J. Flexible Humidity Sensor with High Sensitivity and Durability for Respiratory Monitoring Using Near-Field Electrohydrodynamic Direct-Writing Method. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023. [PMID: 37262400 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c04283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The humidity of breath can serve as an important health indicator, providing crucial clinical information about human physiology. Significant progress had been made in the development of flexible humidity sensors. However, improving its humidity sensing performance (sensitivity and durability) is still facing many challenges. In this work, near-field electrohydrodynamic direct writing (NFEDW) was proposed to fabricate humidity sensors with high sensitivity and durability for respiration monitoring. Due to the applied electric field, dense carbon nanotube/cellulose nanofiber (CNT/CNF) networks formed during the printing process that enhance the sensitivity of the sensor. The prepared sensor showed excellent humidity responses, with a maximum response value of 61.5% (ΔR/R0) at 95% relative humidity (RH). Additionally, the sensitivity film prepared by the NFEDW method closely fits the poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) substrate, endowing the sensor with outstanding bending (with a maximum curvature of 4.7 cm-1) and folding durability (up to 50 times). The sensitivity of the prepared sensor under different simulated conditions, namely, nose breathing, mouth breathing, coughing, yawning, breath holding, and speaking, was excellent, demonstrating the potential of the sensor for the real-time monitoring of human breath humidity. Thus, the high-performance flexible humidity sensor is suitable for human respiration and health monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiyao Pan
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electronics and Digital Health of Zhejiang Province, Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Human Health Situation Awareness of Zhejiang Province, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 341000, China
| | - Zhiheng Yu
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Jiaxing Nanhu University, Jiaxing 314000, China
| | - Fengli Huang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electronics and Digital Health of Zhejiang Province, Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Human Health Situation Awareness of Zhejiang Province, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 341000, China
| | - Haoyang Yao
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guohong Hu
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chengli Tang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electronics and Digital Health of Zhejiang Province, Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Human Health Situation Awareness of Zhejiang Province, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 341000, China
| | - Jinmei Gu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electronics and Digital Health of Zhejiang Province, Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Human Health Situation Awareness of Zhejiang Province, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 341000, China
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36
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Korotcenkov G, Simonenko NP, Simonenko EP, Sysoev VV, Brinzari V. Paper-Based Humidity Sensors as Promising Flexible Devices, State of the Art, Part 2: Humidity-Sensor Performances. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:nano13081381. [PMID: 37110966 PMCID: PMC10144639 DOI: 10.3390/nano13081381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
This review article covers all types of paper-based humidity sensor, such as capacitive, resistive, impedance, fiber-optic, mass-sensitive, microwave, and RFID (radio-frequency identification) humidity sensors. The parameters of these sensors and the materials involved in their research and development, such as carbon nanotubes, graphene, semiconductors, and polymers, are comprehensively detailed, with a special focus on the advantages/disadvantages from an application perspective. Numerous technological/design approaches to the optimization of the performances of the sensors are considered, along with some non-conventional approaches. The review ends with a detailed analysis of the current problems encountered in the development of paper-based humidity sensors, supported by some solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghenadii Korotcenkov
- Department of Physics and Engineering, Moldova State University, MD-2009 Chisinau, Moldova;
| | - Nikolay P. Simonenko
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, The Russian Academy of Sciences, 31 Leninsky pr., 119991 Moscow, Russia; (N.P.S.); (E.P.S.)
| | - Elizaveta P. Simonenko
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, The Russian Academy of Sciences, 31 Leninsky pr., 119991 Moscow, Russia; (N.P.S.); (E.P.S.)
| | - Victor V. Sysoev
- Department of Physics, Yuri Gagarin State Technical University of Saratov, 77 Polytechnicheskaya str., 410054 Saratov, Russia;
| | - Vladimir Brinzari
- Department of Physics and Engineering, Moldova State University, MD-2009 Chisinau, Moldova;
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37
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Han N, Yao X, Wang Y, Huang W, Niu M, Zhu P, Mao Y. Recent Progress of Biomaterials-Based Epidermal Electronics for Healthcare Monitoring and Human-Machine Interaction. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:393. [PMID: 36979605 PMCID: PMC10046871 DOI: 10.3390/bios13030393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Epidermal electronics offer an important platform for various on-skin applications including electrophysiological signals monitoring and human-machine interactions (HMI), due to their unique advantages of intrinsic softness and conformal interfaces with skin. The widely used nondegradable synthetic materials may produce massive electronic waste to the ecosystem and bring safety issues to human skin. However, biomaterials extracted from nature are promising to act as a substitute material for the construction of epidermal electronics, owing to their diverse characteristics of biocompatibility, biodegradability, sustainability, low cost and natural abundance. Therefore, the development of natural biomaterials holds great prospects for advancement of high-performance sustainable epidermal electronics. Here, we review the recent development on different types of biomaterials including proteins and polysaccharides for multifunctional epidermal electronics. Subsequently, the applications of biomaterials-based epidermal electronics in electrophysiological monitoring and HMI are discussed, respectively. Finally, the development situation and future prospects of biomaterials-based epidermal electronics are summarized. We expect that this review can provide some inspirations for the development of future, sustainable, biomaterials-based epidermal electronics.
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38
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Xie J, Zhao Y, Zhu D, Yan J, Li J, Qiao M, He G, Deng S. A Machine Learning-Combined Flexible Sensor for Tactile Detection and Voice Recognition. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:12551-12559. [PMID: 36808950 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c22287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Intelligent sensors have attracted substantial attention for various applications, including wearable electronics, artificial intelligence, healthcare monitoring, and human-machine interactions. However, there still remains a critical challenge in developing a multifunctional sensing system for complex signal detection and analysis in practical applications. Here, we develop a machine learning-combined flexible sensor for real-time tactile sensing and voice recognition through laser-induced graphitization. The intelligent sensor with a triboelectric layer can convert local pressure to an electrical signal through a contact electrification effect without external bias, which has a characteristic response behavior when exposed to various mechanical stimuli. With the special patterning design, a smart human-machine interaction controlling system composed of a digital arrayed touch panel is constructed to control electronic devices. Based on machine learning, the real-time monitoring and recognition of the changes of voice are achieved with high accuracy. The machine learning-empowered flexible sensor provides a promising platform for the development of flexible tactile sensing, real-time health detection, human-machine interaction, and intelligent wearable devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawang Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology in Advanced Equipment, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yuzhi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology in Advanced Equipment, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Dezhi Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology in Advanced Equipment, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jianfeng Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology in Advanced Equipment, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jiaqun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology in Advanced Equipment, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ming Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology in Advanced Equipment, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Guangzhi He
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology in Advanced Equipment, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Shengfa Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology in Advanced Equipment, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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39
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Li C, Xu Z, Xu S, Wang T, Zhou S, Sun Z, Wang ZL, Tang W. Miniaturized retractable thin-film sensor for wearable multifunctional respiratory monitoring. NANO RESEARCH 2023; 16:1-9. [PMID: 36785562 PMCID: PMC9907204 DOI: 10.1007/s12274-023-5420-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
As extremely important physiological indicators, respiratory signals can often reflect or predict the depth and urgency of various diseases. However, designing a wearable respiratory monitoring system with convenience, excellent durability, and high precision is still an urgent challenge. Here, we designed an easy-fabricate, lightweight, and badge reel-like retractable self-powered sensor (RSPS) with high precision, sensitivity, and durability for continuous detection of important indicators such as respiratory rate, apnea, and respiratory ventilation. By using three groups of interdigital electrode structures with phase differences, combined with flexible printed circuit boards (FPCBs) processing technology, a miniature rotating thin-film triboelectric nanogenerator (RTF-TENG) was developed. Based on discrete sensing technology, the RSPS has a sensing resolution of 0.13 mm, sensitivity of 7 P·mm-1, and durability more than 1 million stretching cycles, with low hysteresis and excellent anti-environmental interference ability. Additionally, to demonstrate its wearability, real-time, and convenience of respiratory monitoring, a multifunctional wearable respiratory monitoring system (MWRMS) was designed. The MWRMS demonstrated in this study is expected to provide a new and practical strategy and technology for daily human respiratory monitoring and clinical diagnosis. Electronic Supplementary Material Supplementary material (additional figures and movies, including the production process of respiratory monitoring straps, the mechanical analysis of RSPS, RTF-TENG versus vector TENG sensors, the simulation studies of TE-TENG and FT-TENG, the additional characterization of RTF-TENG, the tensile and robustness tests of RSPS, the characterizations of the MWRMS during different sleeping positions, detailed circuit schematic of the MWRMS, the displacements and phase relations of RSPS, MWRMS for multifunctional respiratory monitoring) is available in the online version of this article at 10.1007/s12274-023-5420-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengyu Li
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101400 China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Zijie Xu
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101400 China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Shuxing Xu
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101400 China
- Center on Nanoenergy Research, School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004 China
| | - Tingyu Wang
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101400 China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Siyu Zhou
- Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191 China
| | - Zhuoran Sun
- Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191 China
| | - Zhong Lin Wang
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101400 China
- Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA
| | - Wei Tang
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101400 China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
- Center on Nanoenergy Research, School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004 China
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40
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Wang H, Li S, Lu H, Zhu M, Liang H, Wu X, Zhang Y. Carbon-Based Flexible Devices for Comprehensive Health Monitoring. SMALL METHODS 2023; 7:e2201340. [PMID: 36617527 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202201340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Traditional public health systems suffer from incomprehensive, delayed, and inefficient medical services. Convenient and comprehensive health monitoring has been highly sought after recently. Flexible and wearable devices are attracting wide attention due to their potential applications in wearable human health monitoring and care systems. Using carbon materials with overall superiorities can facilitate the development of wearable and flexible devices with various functions and excellent performance, which can comprehensively and real-time monitor human health status and prevent diseases. Herein, the latest advances in the rational design and controlled fabrication of carbon materials for applications in health-related flexible and wearable electronics are reviewed. The fabrication strategies, working mechanism, performance, and applications in health monitoring of carbon-based flexible devices, including electromechanical sensors, temperature/humidity sensors, chemical sensors, and flexible conductive wires/electrodes, are reviewed. Furthermore, integrating multiple carbon-based devices into multifunctional wearable systems is discussed. Finally, the existing challenges and future opportunities in this field are also proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haomin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Shuo Li
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Haojie Lu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Mengjia Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Huarun Liang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Xunen Wu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Yingying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
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41
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Liu E, Cai Z, Ye Y, Zhou M, Liao H, Yi Y. An Overview of Flexible Sensors: Development, Application, and Challenges. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:817. [PMID: 36679612 PMCID: PMC9863693 DOI: 10.3390/s23020817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The emergence and advancement of flexible electronics have great potential to lead development trends in many fields, such as "smart electronic skin" and wearable electronics. By acting as intermediates to detect a variety of external stimuli or physiological parameters, flexible sensors are regarded as a core component of flexible electronic systems and have been extensively studied. Unlike conventional rigid sensors requiring costly instruments and complicated fabrication processes, flexible sensors can be manufactured by simple procedures with excellent production efficiency, reliable output performance, and superior adaptability to the irregular surface of the surroundings where they are applied. Here, recent studies on flexible sensors for sensing humidity and strain/pressure are outlined, emphasizing their sensory materials, working mechanisms, structures, fabrication methods, and particular applications. Furthermore, a conclusion, including future perspectives and a short overview of the market share in this field, is given for further advancing this field of research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Ying Yi
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Electronic Information, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
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Wu K, Fei T, Zhang T. Humidity Sensors Based on Metal-Organic Frameworks. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:nano12234208. [PMID: 36500831 PMCID: PMC9740828 DOI: 10.3390/nano12234208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Humidity sensors are important in industrial fields and human activities. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and their derivatives are a class of promising humidity-sensing materials with the characteristics of a large specific surface area, high porosity, modifiable frameworks, and high stability. The drawbacks of MOFs, such as poor film formation, low electrical conductivity, and limited hydrophilicity, have been gradually overcome with the development of material science. Currently, it is moving towards a critical development stage of MOF-based humidity sensors from usability to ease of use, of which great challenges remain unsolved. In order to better understand the related challenges and point out the direction for the future development of MOF-based humidity sensors, we reviewed the development of such sensors based on related published work, focusing on six primary types (impedance, capacitive, resistive, fluorescent, quartz crystal microbalance (QCM), and others) and analyzed the sensing mechanism, material design, and sensing performance involved, and presented our thoughts on the possible future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Teng Fei
- Correspondence: author: (T.F.); (T.Z.); Tel.: +86-431-8516-8385 (T.Z.); Fax: +86-431-8516-827 (T.Z.)
| | - Tong Zhang
- Correspondence: author: (T.F.); (T.Z.); Tel.: +86-431-8516-8385 (T.Z.); Fax: +86-431-8516-827 (T.Z.)
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