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Taha M, Assali EA, Ben-Kasus Nissim T, Stutzmann GE, Shirihai OS, Hershfinkel M, Sekler I. NCLX controls hepatic mitochondrial Ca 2+ extrusion and couples hormone-mediated mitochondrial Ca 2+ oscillations with gluconeogenesis. Mol Metab 2024; 87:101982. [PMID: 38960129 PMCID: PMC11325370 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2024.101982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hepatic Ca2+ signaling has been identified as a crucial key factor in driving gluconeogenesis. The involvement of mitochondria in hormone-induced Ca2+ signaling and their contribution to metabolic activity remain, however, poorly understood. Moreover, the molecular mechanism governing the mitochondrial Ca2+ efflux signaling remains unresolved. This study investigates the role of the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger, NCLX, in modulating hepatic mitochondrial Ca2+ efflux, and examines its physiological significance in hormonal hepatic Ca2+ signaling, gluconeogenesis, and mitochondrial bioenergetics. METHODS Primary mouse hepatocytes from both an AAV-mediated conditional hepatic-specific and a total mitochondrial Na+/Ca2+ exchanger, NCLX, knockout (KO) mouse models were employed for fluorescent monitoring of purinergic and glucagon/vasopressin-dependent mitochondrial and cytosolic hepatic Ca2+ responses in cultured hepatocytes. Isolated liver mitochondria and permeabilized primary hepatocytes were used to analyze the ion-dependence of Ca2+ efflux. Utilizing the conditional hepatic-specific NCLX KO model, the rate of gluconeogenesis was assessed by first monitoring glucose levels in fasted mice, and subsequently subjecting the mice to a pyruvate tolerance test while monitoring their blood glucose. Additionally, cultured primary hepatocytes from both genotypes were assessed in vitro for glucagon-dependent glucose production and cellular bioenergetics through glucose oxidase assay and Seahorse respirometry, respectively. RESULTS Analysis of Ca2+ responses in isolated liver mitochondria and cultured primary hepatocytes from NCLX KO versus WT mice showed that NCLX serves as the principal mechanism for mitochondrial calcium extrusion in hepatocytes. We then determined the role of NCLX in glucagon and vasopressin-induced Ca2+ oscillations. Consistent with previous studies, glucagon and vasopressin triggered Ca2+ oscillations in WT hepatocytes, however, the deletion of NCLX resulted in selective elimination of mitochondrial, but not cytosolic, Ca2+ oscillations, underscoring NCLX's pivotal role in mitochondrial Ca2+ regulation. Subsequent in vivo investigation for hepatic NCLX role in gluconeogenesis revealed that, as opposed to WT mice which maintained normoglycemic blood glucose levels when fasted, conditional hepatic-specific NCLX KO mice exhibited a faster drop in glucose levels, becoming hypoglycemic. Furthermore, KO mice showed deficient conversion of pyruvate to glucose when challenged under fasting conditions. Concurrent in vitro assessments showed impaired glucagon-dependent glucose production and compromised bioenergetics in KO hepatocytes, thereby underscoring NCLX's significant contribution to hepatic glucose metabolism. CONCLUSIONS The study findings demonstrate that NCLX acts as the primary Ca2+ efflux mechanism in hepatocytes. NCLX is indispensable for regulating hormone-induced mitochondrial Ca2+ oscillations, mitochondrial metabolism, and sustenance of hepatic gluconeogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Taha
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Ben Gurion University, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Essam A Assali
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Ben Gurion University, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel; Department of Medicine, Endocrinology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA; Metabolism Theme, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
| | - Tsipi Ben-Kasus Nissim
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Ben Gurion University, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Grace E Stutzmann
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease and Therapeutics, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science. North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
| | - Orian S Shirihai
- Department of Medicine, Endocrinology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA; Metabolism Theme, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA; Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Michal Hershfinkel
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Ben Gurion University, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Israel Sekler
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Ben Gurion University, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel.
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Grepper D, Tabasso C, Zanou N, Aguettaz AK, Castro-Sepulveda M, Ziegler DV, Lagarrigue S, Arribat Y, Martinotti A, Ebrahimi A, Daraspe J, Fajas L, Amati F. BCL2L13 at endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondria contact sites regulates calcium homeostasis to maintain skeletal muscle function. iScience 2024; 27:110510. [PMID: 39175772 PMCID: PMC11340602 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.110510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The physical connection between mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an essential signaling hub to ensure organelle and cellular functions. In skeletal muscle, ER-mitochondria calcium (Ca2+) signaling is crucial to maintain cellular homeostasis during physical activity. High expression of BCL2L13, a member of the BCL-2 family, was suggested as an adaptive response in endurance-trained human subjects. In adult zebrafish, we found that the loss of Bcl2l13 impairs skeletal muscle structure and function. Ca2+ signaling is altered in Bcl2l13 knockout animals and mitochondrial complexes activity is decreased. Organelle fractioning in mammalian cells shows BCL2L13 at mitochondria, ER, and mitochondria-associated membranes. ER-mitochondria contact sites number is not modified by BCL2L13 modulation, but knockdown of BCL2L13 in C2C12 cells changes cytosolic Ca2+ release and mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake. This suggests that BCL2L13 interaction with mitochondria and ER, and its role in Ca2+ signaling, contributes to proper skeletal muscle function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dogan Grepper
- Aging and Muscle Metabolism Lab, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Bugnon 7, Lausanne, Vaud 1005, Switzerland
| | - Cassandra Tabasso
- Aging and Muscle Metabolism Lab, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Bugnon 7, Lausanne, Vaud 1005, Switzerland
| | - Nadège Zanou
- Institute of Sport Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Vaud 1015, Switzerland
| | - Axel K.F. Aguettaz
- Aging and Muscle Metabolism Lab, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Bugnon 7, Lausanne, Vaud 1005, Switzerland
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Vaud 1011, Switzerland
| | - Mauricio Castro-Sepulveda
- Aging and Muscle Metabolism Lab, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Bugnon 7, Lausanne, Vaud 1005, Switzerland
| | - Dorian V. Ziegler
- Center for Integrative Genomics, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Vaud 1015, Switzerland
| | - Sylviane Lagarrigue
- Aging and Muscle Metabolism Lab, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Bugnon 7, Lausanne, Vaud 1005, Switzerland
| | - Yoan Arribat
- Aging and Muscle Metabolism Lab, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Bugnon 7, Lausanne, Vaud 1005, Switzerland
| | - Adrien Martinotti
- Aging and Muscle Metabolism Lab, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Bugnon 7, Lausanne, Vaud 1005, Switzerland
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Vaud 1011, Switzerland
| | - Ammar Ebrahimi
- Aging and Muscle Metabolism Lab, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Bugnon 7, Lausanne, Vaud 1005, Switzerland
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Vaud 1011, Switzerland
| | - Jean Daraspe
- Electron Microscopy Facility, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Vaud 1015, Switzerland
| | - Lluis Fajas
- Center for Integrative Genomics, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Vaud 1015, Switzerland
| | - Francesca Amati
- Aging and Muscle Metabolism Lab, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Bugnon 7, Lausanne, Vaud 1005, Switzerland
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Vaud 1011, Switzerland
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Shang ZZ, Ye HY, Gao X, Wang HY, Li QM, Hu JM, Zhang FY, Luo JP. An acidic polysaccharide promoting GLP-1 secretion from Dendrobium huoshanense protocorm-like bodies: Structure validation and activity exploration. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 278:134783. [PMID: 39153673 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.134783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) as a multifunctional hormone is secreted mainly from enteroendocrine L-cells, and enhancing its endogenous secretion has potential benefits of regulating glucose homeostasis and controlling body weight gain. In the present study, a novel polysaccharide (h-DHP) with high ability to enhance plasma GLP-1 level in mice was isolated from Dendrobium huoshanense protocorm-like bodies under the guidance of activity evaluation. Structural identification showed that h-DHP was an acidic polysaccharide with the molecular weight of 1.38 × 105 Da, and was composed of galactose, glucose, arabinose and glucuronic acid at a molar ratio of 15.7: 11.2: 4.5: 1.0 with a backbone consisting of →5)-α-L-Araf-(1→, →3)-α-D-Galp-(1→, →6)-α-D-Galp-(1→, →3,6)-α-D-Galp-(1→, →6)-β-D-Glcp-(1→ and →4,6)-β-D-Glcp-(1→ along with branches consisting of α-L-Araf-(1→, α-D-Galp-(1→, α-D-GlcAp-(1→, β-D-Glcp-(1→ and →4)-β-D-Glcp-(1→. Animal experiments with different administration routes demonstrated that h-DHP-enhanced plasma GLP-1 level was attributed to h-DHP-promoted GLP-1 secretion in the enteroendocrine L-cells, which was supported by h-DHP-enhanced extracellular GLP-1 level in STC-1 cells. Inhibition of adenylate cyclase and phospholipase C indicated that cAMP and cAMP-triggered intracellular Ca2+ increase participated in h-DHP-promoted GLP-1 secretion. These results suggested that h-DHP has the potential of enhancing endogenous GLP-1 level through h-DHP-promoted and cAMP-mediated GLP-1 secretion from enteroendocrine cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Zi Shang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230601, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui-Yu Ye
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230601, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Gao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230601, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Yan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea and Food Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang-Ming Li
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230601, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jiang-Miao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng-Yun Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Ping Luo
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230601, People's Republic of China.
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Xu L, Xu Y, Jiang Y, Jiang J, Chen S, Sun D, Li S, Wei F, Zhu H. IP3R2 regulates apoptosis by Ca2+ transfer through mitochondria-ER contacts in hypoxic photoreceptor injury. Exp Eye Res 2024; 245:109965. [PMID: 38851477 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2024.109965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondria-associated ER membranes (MAMs) are contact sites that enable bidirectional communication between the ER (endoplasmic reticulum) and mitochondria, including the transfer of Ca2+ signals. MAMs are essential for mitochondrial function and cellular energy metabolism. However, unrestrained Ca2+ transfer to the mitochondria can lead to mitochondria-dependent apoptosis. IP3R2 (Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor 2) is an important intracellular Ca2+ channel. This study investigated the contribution of IP3R2-MAMs to hypoxia-induced apoptosis in photoreceptor cells. A photoreceptor hypoxia model was established by subretinal injection of hyaluronic acid (1%) in C57BL/6 mice and 1% O2 treatment in 661W cells. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), ER-mitochondria colocalization, and the MAM reporter were utilized to evaluate MAM alterations. Cell apoptosis and mitochondrial homeostasis were evaluated using immunofluorescence (IF), flow cytometry, western blotting (WB), and ATP assays. SiRNA transfection was employed to silence IP3R2 in 661W cells. Upon hypoxia induction, MAMs were significantly increased in photoreceptors both in vivo and in vitro. This was accompanied by the activation of mitochondrial apoptosis and disruption of mitochondrial homeostasis. Elevated MAM-enriched IP3R2 protein levels induced by hypoxic injury led to mitochondrial calcium overload and subsequent photoreceptor apoptosis. Notably, IP3R2 knockdown not only improved mitochondrial morphology but also restored mitochondrial function in photoreceptors by limiting MAM formation and thereby attenuating mitochondrial calcium overload under hypoxia. Our results suggest that IP3R2-MAM-mediated mitochondrial calcium overload plays a critical role in mitochondrial dyshomeostasis, ultimately contributing to photoreceptor cell death. Targeting MAM constitutive proteins might provide an option for a therapeutic approach to mitigate photoreceptor death in retinal detachment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yihua Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaoxu Jiang
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingjing Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shimei Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dandan Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shenping Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang Wei
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Disease, Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China.
| | - Hong Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Disease, Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China.
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5
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Shen K, Shi Y, Wang X, Leung SW. Cellular Components of the Blood-Brain Barrier and Their Involvement in Aging-Associated Cognitive Impairment. Aging Dis 2024:AD.202.0424. [PMID: 39122454 DOI: 10.14336/ad.202.0424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Human life expectancy has been significantly extended, which poses major challenges to our healthcare and social systems. Aging-associated cognitive impairment is attributed to endothelial dysfunction in the cardiovascular system and neurological dysfunction in the central nervous system. The central nervous system is considered an immune-privileged tissue due to the exquisite protection provided by the blood-brain barrier. The present review provides an overview of the structure and function of blood-brain barrier, extending the cell components of blood-brain barrier from endothelial cells and pericytes to astrocytes, perivascular macrophages and oligodendrocyte progenitor cells. In particular, the pathological changes in the blood-brain barrier in aging, with special focus on the underlying mechanisms and molecular changes, are presented. Furthermore, the potential preventive/therapeutic strategies against aging-associated blood-brain barrier disruption are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiyuan Shen
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Shi
- Institute of Clinical Science, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Susan Ws Leung
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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6
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Hinton A, Claypool SM, Neikirk K, Senoo N, Wanjalla CN, Kirabo A, Williams CR. Mitochondrial Structure and Function in Human Heart Failure. Circ Res 2024; 135:372-396. [PMID: 38963864 PMCID: PMC11225798 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.124.323800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Despite clinical and scientific advancements, heart failure is the major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Both mitochondrial dysfunction and inflammation contribute to the development and progression of heart failure. Although inflammation is crucial to reparative healing following acute cardiomyocyte injury, chronic inflammation damages the heart, impairs function, and decreases cardiac output. Mitochondria, which comprise one third of cardiomyocyte volume, may prove a potential therapeutic target for heart failure. Known primarily for energy production, mitochondria are also involved in other processes including calcium homeostasis and the regulation of cellular apoptosis. Mitochondrial function is closely related to morphology, which alters through mitochondrial dynamics, thus ensuring that the energy needs of the cell are met. However, in heart failure, changes in substrate use lead to mitochondrial dysfunction and impaired myocyte function. This review discusses mitochondrial and cristae dynamics, including the role of the mitochondria contact site and cristae organizing system complex in mitochondrial ultrastructure changes. Additionally, this review covers the role of mitochondria-endoplasmic reticulum contact sites, mitochondrial communication via nanotunnels, and altered metabolite production during heart failure. We highlight these often-neglected factors and promising clinical mitochondrial targets for heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antentor Hinton
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (A.H., K.N.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville
| | - Steven M. Claypool
- Department of Physiology, Mitochondrial Phospholipid Research Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland (S.M.C., N.S.)
| | - Kit Neikirk
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (A.H., K.N.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville
| | - Nanami Senoo
- Department of Physiology, Mitochondrial Phospholipid Research Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland (S.M.C., N.S.)
| | - Celestine N. Wanjalla
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology (C.N.W., A.K.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville
| | - Annet Kirabo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology (C.N.W., A.K.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville
- Vanderbilt Center for Immunobiology (A.K.)
- Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology and Inflammation (A.K.)
- Vanderbilt Institute for Global Health (A.K.)
| | - Clintoria R. Williams
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology and Physiology, Wright State University, Dayton, OH (C.R.W.)
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Huang KT, Wagner LE, Takano T, Lin XX, Bagavant H, Deshmukh U, Yule DI. Dysregulated Ca 2+ signaling, fluid secretion, and mitochondrial function in a mouse model of early Sjögren's syndrome. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.19.585719. [PMID: 38562738 PMCID: PMC10983907 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.19.585719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Saliva is essential for oral health. The molecular mechanisms leading to physiological fluid secretion are largely established, but factors that underlie secretory hypofunction, specifically related to the autoimmune disease Sjögren's syndrome (SS) are not fully understood. A major conundrum is the lack of association between the severity of inflammatory immune cell infiltration within the salivary glands and glandular hypofunction. In this study, we investigated in a mouse model system, mechanisms of glandular hypofunction caused by the activation of the stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway. Glandular hypofunction and SS-like disease were induced by treatment with 5,6-Dimethyl-9-oxo-9H-xanthene-4-acetic acid (DMXAA), a small molecule agonist of murine STING. Contrary to our expectations, despite a significant reduction in fluid secretion in DMXAA-treated mice, in vivo imaging demonstrated that neural stimulation resulted in greatly enhanced spatially averaged cytosolic Ca2+ levels. Notably, however, the spatiotemporal characteristics of the Ca2+ signals were altered to signals that propagated throughout the entire cytoplasm as opposed to largely apically confined Ca2+ rises observed without treatment. Despite the augmented Ca2+ signals, muscarinic stimulation resulted in reduced activation of TMEM16a, although there were no changes in channel abundance or absolute sensitivity to Ca2+. However, super-resolution microscopy revealed a disruption in the intimate colocalization of Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor Ca2+ release channels in relation to TMEM16a. TMEM16a channel activation was also reduced when intracellular Ca2+ buffering was increased. These data are consistent with altered local coupling between the channels contributing to the reduced activation of TMEM16a. Appropriate Ca2+ signaling is also pivotal for mitochondrial morphology and bioenergetics and secretion is an energetically expensive process. Disrupted mitochondrial morphology, a depolarized mitochondrial membrane potential, and reduced oxygen consumption rate were observed in DMXAA-treated animals compared to control animals. We report that early in SS disease, dysregulated Ca2+ signals lead to decreased fluid secretion and disrupted mitochondrial function contributing to salivary gland hypofunction and likely the progression of SS disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Ting Huang
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY. 14526
| | - Larry E. Wagner
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY. 14526
| | - Takahiro Takano
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY. 14526
| | - Xiao-Xuan Lin
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY. 14526
| | - Harini Bagavant
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 NE 13 Street, Oklahoma City, OK 73104
| | - Umesh Deshmukh
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 NE 13 Street, Oklahoma City, OK 73104
| | - David I. Yule
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY. 14526
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Atakpa-Adaji P, Ivanova A, Kujawa K, Taylor CW. KRAP regulates mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake by licensing IP3 receptor activity and stabilizing ER-mitochondrial junctions. J Cell Sci 2024; 137:jcs261728. [PMID: 38786982 PMCID: PMC11234384 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.261728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) receptors (IP3Rs) are high-conductance channels that allow the regulated redistribution of Ca2+ from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the cytosol and, at specialized membrane contact sites (MCSs), to other organelles. Only a subset of IP3Rs release Ca2+ to the cytosol in response to IP3. These 'licensed' IP3Rs are associated with Kras-induced actin-interacting protein (KRAP, also known as ITPRID2) beneath the plasma membrane. It is unclear whether KRAP regulates IP3Rs at MCSs. We show, using simultaneous measurements of Ca2+ concentration in the cytosol and mitochondrial matrix, that KRAP also licenses IP3Rs to release Ca2+ to mitochondria. Loss of KRAP abolishes cytosolic and mitochondrial Ca2+ signals evoked by stimulation of IP3Rs via endogenous receptors. KRAP is located at ER-mitochondrial membrane contact sites (ERMCSs) populated by IP3R clusters. Using a proximity ligation assay between IP3R and voltage-dependent anion channel 1 (VDAC1), we show that loss of KRAP reduces the number of ERMCSs. We conclude that KRAP regulates Ca2+ transfer from IP3Rs to mitochondria by both licensing IP3R activity and stabilizing ERMCSs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peace Atakpa-Adaji
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1PD, UK
| | - Adelina Ivanova
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1PD, UK
| | - Karolina Kujawa
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1PD, UK
| | - Colin W. Taylor
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1PD, UK
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Cauwelier C, de Ridder I, Bultynck G. Recent advances in canonical versus non-canonical Ca 2+-signaling-related anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 functions and prospects for cancer treatment. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2024; 1871:119713. [PMID: 38521468 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2024.119713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
Cell fate is tightly controlled by a continuous balance between cell survival and cell death inducing mechanisms. B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2)-family members, composed of effectors and regulators, not only control apoptosis at the level of the mitochondria but also by impacting the intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis and dynamics. On the one hand, anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2, prevents mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP) by scaffolding and neutralizing proapoptotic Bcl-2-family members via its hydrophobic cleft (region composed of BH-domain 1-3). On the other hand, Bcl-2 suppress pro-apoptotic Ca2+ signals by binding and inhibiting IP3 receptors via its BH4 domain, which is structurally exiled from the hydrophobic cleft by a flexible loop region (FLR). As such, Bcl-2 prevents excessive Ca2+ transfer from ER to mitochondria. Whereas regulation of both pathways requires different functional regions of Bcl-2, both seem to be connected in cancers that overexpress Bcl-2 in a life-promoting dependent manner. Here we discuss the anti-apoptotic canonical and non-canonical role, via calcium signaling, of Bcl-2 in health and cancer and evolving from this the proposed anti-cancer therapies with their shortcomings. We also argue how some cancers, with the major focus on diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) are difficult to treat, although theoretically prime marked for Bcl-2-targeting therapeutics. Further work is needed to understand the non-canonical functions of Bcl-2 also at organelles beyond the mitochondria, the interaction partners outside the Bcl-2 family as well as their ability to target or exploit these functions as therapeutic strategies in diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Cauwelier
- KU Leuven, Lab. Molecular & Cellular Signaling, Dep. Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Campus Gasthuisberg O/N-I bus 802, Herestraat 49, BE-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ian de Ridder
- KU Leuven, Lab. Molecular & Cellular Signaling, Dep. Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Campus Gasthuisberg O/N-I bus 802, Herestraat 49, BE-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Geert Bultynck
- KU Leuven, Lab. Molecular & Cellular Signaling, Dep. Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Campus Gasthuisberg O/N-I bus 802, Herestraat 49, BE-3000 Leuven, Belgium.
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10
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Wang Y, Yang J. ER-organelle contacts: A signaling hub for neurological diseases. Pharmacol Res 2024; 203:107149. [PMID: 38518830 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
Neuronal health is closely linked to the homeostasis of intracellular organelles, and organelle dysfunction affects the pathological progression of neurological diseases. In contrast to isolated cellular compartments, a growing number of studies have found that organelles are largely interdependent structures capable of communicating through membrane contact sites (MCSs). MCSs have been identified as key pathways mediating inter-organelle communication crosstalk in neurons, and their alterations have been linked to neurological disease pathology. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a membrane-bound organelle capable of forming an extensive network of pools and tubules with important physiological functions within neurons. There are multiple MCSs between the ER and other organelles and the plasma membrane (PM), which regulate a variety of cellular processes. In this review, we focus on ER-organelle MCSs and their role in a variety of neurological diseases. We compared the biological effects between different tethering proteins and the effects of their respective disease counterparts. We also discuss how altered ER-organelle contacts may affect disease pathogenesis. Therefore, understanding the molecular mechanisms of ER-organelle MCSs in neuronal homeostasis will lay the foundation for the development of new therapies targeting ER-organelle contacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunli Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Stress and Chronic Disease Control & Prevention (China Medical University), Ministry of Education, PR China; Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, PR China
| | - Jinghua Yang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Stress and Chronic Disease Control & Prevention (China Medical University), Ministry of Education, PR China; Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, PR China.
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11
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Yu F, Courjaret R, Assaf L, Elmi A, Hammad A, Fisher M, Terasaki M, Machaca K. Mitochondria-ER contact sites expand during mitosis. iScience 2024; 27:109379. [PMID: 38510124 PMCID: PMC10951641 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria-ER contact sites (MERCS) are involved in energy homeostasis, redox and Ca2+ signaling, and inflammation. MERCS are heavily studied; however, little is known about their regulation during mitosis. Here, we show that MERCS expand during mitosis in three cell types using various approaches, including transmission electron microscopy, serial EM coupled to 3D reconstruction, and a split GFP MERCS marker. We further show enhanced Ca2+ transfer between the ER and mitochondria using either direct Ca2+ measurements or by quantifying the activity of Ca2+-dependent mitochondrial dehydrogenases. Collectively, our results support a lengthening of MERCS in mitosis that is associated with improved Ca2+ coupling between the two organelles. This augmented Ca2+ coupling could be important to support the increased energy needs of the cell during mitosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Yu
- Calcium Signaling Group, Research Department, Weill Cornell Medicine Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Raphael Courjaret
- Calcium Signaling Group, Research Department, Weill Cornell Medicine Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lama Assaf
- Calcium Signaling Group, Research Department, Weill Cornell Medicine Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
- College of Health and Life Science, Hamad bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Asha Elmi
- Calcium Signaling Group, Research Department, Weill Cornell Medicine Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
- College of Health and Life Science, Hamad bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ayat Hammad
- Calcium Signaling Group, Research Department, Weill Cornell Medicine Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
- College of Health and Life Science, Hamad bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Melanie Fisher
- Department of Cell Biology, UConn Health, 263 Farmington Ave, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Mark Terasaki
- Department of Cell Biology, UConn Health, 263 Farmington Ave, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Khaled Machaca
- Calcium Signaling Group, Research Department, Weill Cornell Medicine Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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12
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Speelman-Rooms F, Vanmunster M, Coughlan A, Hinrichs M, Pontisso I, Barbeau S, Parpaite T, Bultynck G, Brohus M. 10th European Calcium Society symposium: The Ca2+-signaling toolkit in cell function, health and disease. Biol Open 2024; 13:bio060357. [PMID: 38661208 PMCID: PMC11070784 DOI: 10.1242/bio.060357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The 10th European Calcium Society symposium, organized in Leuven, Belgium on November 15-17, 2023, focused on the role of Ca2+ signaling in cell function, health and disease. The symposium featured six scientific sessions, 16 invited speakers - of whom two were postdoctoral researchers - and 14 short talks. The talks covered various aspects of intracellular Ca2+ signaling and its implications in pathology. Each session was opened by one or more invited speakers, followed by a series of presentations from speakers selected from submitted abstracts. Through short talks, poster presentations, awards, and sustainable travel fellowships, the symposium also fostered opportunities for the active participation of early-career researchers. At least half of the short talks were allocated to early-career researchers, thereby offering a platform for the presentation of ongoing work and unpublished results. Presentations were also broadcast in real-time for online attendees. In this Meeting Review, we aim to capture the spirit of the meeting and discuss the main take-home messages that emerged during the symposium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Femke Speelman-Rooms
- KU Leuven, Lab. Molecular & Cellular Signaling, Dep. Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Campus Gasthuisberg O/N-I bus 802, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
- KU Leuven, Lab. Chemical Biology, Dep. Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Campus Gasthuisberg O/N-I bus 901, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Maarten Vanmunster
- KU Leuven, Lab. Molecular & Cellular Signaling, Dep. Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Campus Gasthuisberg O/N-I bus 802, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Aled Coughlan
- Cardiff University, Biomedicine Division, School of Biosciences, Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, CF10 3AX, Cardiff, Wales, UK
| | - Macarena Hinrichs
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, The Calcium Signalling Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Hamburg 20251, Germany
| | - Ilaria Pontisso
- Institut de Biologie Intégrative de la Cellule (I2BC) - Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-Sur-Yvette, 91190, France
| | - Solene Barbeau
- UC Louvain, Institute of Neuroscience, Pôle Cellulaire et Moléculaire, avenue Mounier 53, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Thibaud Parpaite
- UC Louvain, Institute of Neuroscience, Pôle Cellulaire et Moléculaire, avenue Mounier 53, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Geert Bultynck
- KU Leuven, Lab. Molecular & Cellular Signaling, Dep. Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Campus Gasthuisberg O/N-I bus 802, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Malene Brohus
- Aalborg University, Dept. Chemistry and Bioscience, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark
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13
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Zhang LY, Hu YY, Liu XY, Wang XY, Li SC, Zhang JG, Xian XH, Li WB, Zhang M. The Role of Astrocytic Mitochondria in the Pathogenesis of Brain Ischemia. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:2270-2282. [PMID: 37870679 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03714-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
The morbidity rate of ischemic stroke is increasing annually with the growing aging population in China. Astrocytes are ubiquitous glial cells in the brain and play a crucial role in supporting neuronal function and metabolism. Increasing evidence shows that the impairment or loss of astrocytes contributes to neuronal dysfunction during cerebral ischemic injury. The mitochondrion is increasingly recognized as a key player in regulating astrocyte function. Changes in astrocytic mitochondrial function appear to be closely linked to the homeostasis imbalance defects in glutamate metabolism, Ca2+ regulation, fatty acid metabolism, reactive oxygen species, inflammation, and copper regulation. Here, we discuss the role of astrocytic mitochondria in the pathogenesis of brain ischemic injury and their potential as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Yan Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Hebei Medical University, 361 Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, People's Republic of China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Critical Disease Mechanism and Intervention, Shijiazhuang, 050017, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Yan Hu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Hebei Medical University, 361 Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, People's Republic of China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Critical Disease Mechanism and Intervention, Shijiazhuang, 050017, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi-Yun Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Hebei Medical University, 361 Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Yu Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Hebei Medical University, 361 Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Shi-Chao Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Hebei Medical University, 361 Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing-Ge Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Hebei Medical University, 361 Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, People's Republic of China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Critical Disease Mechanism and Intervention, Shijiazhuang, 050017, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Hui Xian
- Department of Pathophysiology, Hebei Medical University, 361 Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, People's Republic of China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Critical Disease Mechanism and Intervention, Shijiazhuang, 050017, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Bin Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Hebei Medical University, 361 Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, People's Republic of China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Critical Disease Mechanism and Intervention, Shijiazhuang, 050017, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Hebei Medical University, 361 Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, People's Republic of China.
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Critical Disease Mechanism and Intervention, Shijiazhuang, 050017, People's Republic of China.
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14
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Davis MJ, Zawieja SD. Pacemaking in the lymphatic system. J Physiol 2024. [PMID: 38520402 DOI: 10.1113/jp284752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Lymphatic collecting vessels exhibit spontaneous phasic contractions that are critical for lymph propulsion and tissue fluid homeostasis. This rhythmic activity is driven by action potentials conducted across the lymphatic muscle cell (LMC) layer to produce entrained contractions. The contraction frequency of a lymphatic collecting vessel displays exquisite mechanosensitivity, with a dynamic range from <1 to >20 contractions per minute. A myogenic pacemaker mechanism intrinsic to the LMCs was initially postulated to account for pressure-dependent chronotropy. Further interrogation into the cellular constituents of the lymphatic vessel wall identified non-muscle cell populations that shared some characteristics with interstitial cells of Cajal, which have pacemaker functions in the gastrointestinal and lower urinary tracts, thus raising the possibility of a non-muscle cell pacemaker. However, recent genetic knockout studies in mice support LMCs and a myogenic origin of the pacemaker activity. LMCs exhibit stochastic, but pressure-sensitive, sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium release (puffs and waves) from IP3R1 receptors, which couple to the calcium-activated chloride channel Anoctamin 1, causing depolarisation. The resulting electrical activity integrates across the highly coupled lymphatic muscle electrical syncytia through connexin 45 to modulate diastolic depolarisation. However, multiple other cation channels may also contribute to the ionic pacemaking cycle. Upon reaching threshold, a voltage-gated calcium channel-dependent action potential fires, resulting in a nearly synchronous calcium global calcium flash within the LMC layer to drive an entrained contraction. This review summarizes the key ion channels potentially responsible for the pressure-dependent chronotropy of lymphatic collecting vessels and various mechanisms of IP3R1 regulation that could contribute to frequency tuning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Davis
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Scott D Zawieja
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA
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15
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Germani S, Van Ho AT, Cherubini A, Varone E, Chernorudskiy A, Renna GM, Fumagalli S, Gobbi M, Lucchetti J, Bolis M, Guarrera L, Craparotta I, Rastelli G, Piccoli G, de Napoli C, Nogara L, Poggio E, Brini M, Cattaneo A, Bachi A, Simmen T, Calì T, Quijano-Roy S, Boncompagni S, Blaauw B, Ferreiro A, Zito E. SEPN1-related myopathy depends on the oxidoreductase ERO1A and is druggable with the chemical chaperone TUDCA. Cell Rep Med 2024; 5:101439. [PMID: 38402623 PMCID: PMC10982971 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2024.101439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Selenoprotein N (SEPN1) is a protein of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) whose inherited defects originate SEPN1-related myopathy (SEPN1-RM). Here, we identify an interaction between SEPN1 and the ER-stress-induced oxidoreductase ERO1A. SEPN1 and ERO1A, both enriched in mitochondria-associated membranes (MAMs), are involved in the redox regulation of proteins. ERO1A depletion in SEPN1 knockout cells restores ER redox, re-equilibrates short-range MAMs, and rescues mitochondrial bioenergetics. ERO1A knockout in a mouse background of SEPN1 loss blunts ER stress and improves multiple MAM functions, including Ca2+ levels and bioenergetics, thus reversing diaphragmatic weakness. The treatment of SEPN1 knockout mice with the ER stress inhibitor tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) mirrors the results of ERO1A loss. Importantly, muscle biopsies from patients with SEPN1-RM exhibit ERO1A overexpression, and TUDCA-treated SEPN1-RM patient-derived primary myoblasts show improvement in bioenergetics. These findings point to ERO1A as a biomarker and a viable target for intervention and to TUDCA as a pharmacological treatment for SEPN1-RM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Germani
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy; Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Andrew Tri Van Ho
- Basic and Translational Myology Laboratory, Université Paris, BFA, UMR 8251, CNRS, 75013 Paris, France
| | | | - Ersilia Varone
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Marco Gobbi
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Jacopo Lucchetti
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Bolis
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy; Bioinformatics Core Unit, Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Luca Guarrera
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Giorgia Rastelli
- CAST, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology & DNICS, Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University G. D'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Giorgia Piccoli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Cosimo de Napoli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Leonardo Nogara
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Elena Poggio
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Marisa Brini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy; Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy; Study Center for Neurodegeneration (CESNE), University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Angela Bachi
- IFOM-ETS AIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Thomas Simmen
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Tito Calì
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy; Study Center for Neurodegeneration (CESNE), University of Padova, Padova, Italy; Padova Neuroscience Center, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Susana Quijano-Roy
- APHP-Université Paris-Saclay, Reference Center for Neuromuscular Disorders Nord-Est-Ile de France, FILNEMUS, ERN-Euro-NMD, Creteil, France; Pediatric Neurology and ICU Department, DMU Santé Enfant Adolescent (SEA), Raymond Poincaré University Hospital, Garches, France
| | - Simona Boncompagni
- CAST, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology & DNICS, Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University G. D'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Bert Blaauw
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy; Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy.
| | - Ana Ferreiro
- Basic and Translational Myology Laboratory, Université Paris, BFA, UMR 8251, CNRS, 75013 Paris, France; APHP, Reference Center for Neuromuscular Disorders Nord-Est-Ile de France, Neuromyology Department, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France.
| | - Ester Zito
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy; Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy.
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16
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Elwakiel A, Mathew A, Isermann B. The role of endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondria-associated membranes in diabetic kidney disease. Cardiovasc Res 2024; 119:2875-2883. [PMID: 38367274 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvad190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease worldwide. The pathomechanisms of DKD are multifactorial, yet haemodynamic and metabolic changes in the early stages of the disease appear to predispose towards irreversible functional loss and histopathological changes. Recent studies highlight the importance of endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondria-associated membranes (ER-MAMs), structures conveying important cellular homeostatic and metabolic effects, in the pathology of DKD. Disruption of ER-MAM integrity in diabetic kidneys is associated with DKD progression, but the regulation of ER-MAMs and their pathogenic contribution remain largely unknown. Exploring the cell-specific components and dynamic changes of ER-MAMs in diabetic kidneys may lead to the identification of new approaches to detect and stratify diabetic patients with DKD. In addition, these insights may lead to novel therapeutic approaches to target and/or reverse disease progression. In this review, we discuss the association of ER-MAMs with key pathomechanisms driving DKD such as insulin resistance, dyslipidaemia, ER stress, and inflammasome activation and the importance of further exploration of ER-MAMs as diagnostic and therapeutic targets in DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Elwakiel
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, University Hospital Leipzig, Paul-List-Straße 13/15, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Akash Mathew
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, University Hospital Leipzig, Paul-List-Straße 13/15, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Berend Isermann
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, University Hospital Leipzig, Paul-List-Straße 13/15, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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17
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An G, Park J, Song J, Hong T, Song G, Lim W. Relevance of the endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondria axis in cancer diagnosis and therapy. Exp Mol Med 2024; 56:40-50. [PMID: 38172597 PMCID: PMC10834980 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-023-01137-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Dynamic interactions between organelles are responsible for a variety of intercellular functions, and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-mitochondrial axis is recognized as a representative interorganelle system. Several studies have confirmed that most proteins in the physically tethered sites between the ER and mitochondria, called mitochondria-associated ER membranes (MAMs), are vital for intracellular physiology. MAM proteins are involved in the regulation of calcium homeostasis, lipid metabolism, and mitochondrial dynamics and are associated with processes related to intracellular stress conditions, such as oxidative stress and unfolded protein responses. Accumulating evidence has shown that, owing to their extensive involvement in cellular homeostasis, alterations in the ER-mitochondrial axis are one of the etiological factors of tumors. An in-depth understanding of MAM proteins and their impact on cell physiology, particularly in cancers, may help elucidate their potential as diagnostic and therapeutic targets for cancers. For example, the modulation of MAM proteins is utilized not only to target diverse intracellular signaling pathways within cancer cells but also to increase the sensitivity of cancer cells to anticancer reagents and regulate immune cell activities. Therefore, the current review summarizes and discusses recent advances in research on the functional roles of MAM proteins and their characteristics in cancers from a diagnostic perspective. Additionally, this review provides insights into diverse therapeutic strategies that target MAM proteins in various cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garam An
- Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Junho Park
- Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jisoo Song
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Taeyeon Hong
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwonhwa Song
- Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
| | - Whasun Lim
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea.
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18
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Csordás G, Weaver D, Várnai P, Hajnóczky G. Supralinear Dependence of the IP 3 Receptor-to-Mitochondria Local Ca 2+ Transfer on the Endoplasmic Reticulum Ca 2+ Loading. CONTACT (THOUSAND OAKS (VENTURA COUNTY, CALIF.)) 2024; 7:25152564241229273. [PMID: 38362008 PMCID: PMC10868505 DOI: 10.1177/25152564241229273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Calcium signal propagation from endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to mitochondria regulates a multitude of mitochondrial and cell functions, including oxidative ATP production and cell fate decisions. Ca2+ transfer is optimal at the ER-mitochondrial contacts, where inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) receptors (IP3R) can locally expose the mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter (mtCU) to high [Ca2+] nanodomains. The Ca2+ loading state of the ER (Ca2 + ER) can vary broadly in physiological and pathological scenarios, however, the correlation between Ca2 + ER and the local Ca2+ transfer is unclear. Here, we studied IP3-induced Ca2+ transfer to mitochondria at different Ca2 + ER in intact and permeabilized RBL-2H3 cells via fluorescence measurements of cytoplasmic [Ca2+] ([Ca2+]c) and mitochondrial matrix [Ca2+] ([Ca2+]m). Preincubation of intact cells in high versus low extracellular [Ca2+] caused disproportionally greater increase in [Ca2+]m than [Ca2+]c responses to IP3-mobilizing agonist. Increasing Ca2 + ER by small Ca2+ boluses in suspensions of permeabilized cells supralinearly enhanced the mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake from IP3-induced Ca2+ release. The IP3-induced local [Ca2+] spikes exposing the mitochondrial surface measured using a genetically targeted sensor appeared to linearly correlate with Ca2 + ER, indicating that amplification happened in the mitochondria. Indeed, overexpression of an EF-hand deficient mutant of the mtCU gatekeeper MICU1 reduced the cooperativity of mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake. Interestingly, the IP3-induced [Ca2+]m signal plateaued at high Ca2 + ER, indicating activation of a matrix Ca2+ binding/chelating species. Mitochondria thus seem to maintain a "working [Ca2+]m range" via a low-affinity and high-capacity buffer species, and the ER loading steeply enhances the IP3R-linked [Ca2+]m signals in this working range.
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Affiliation(s)
- György Csordás
- MitoCare Center for Mitochondrial Imaging Research and Diagnostics, Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - David Weaver
- MitoCare Center for Mitochondrial Imaging Research and Diagnostics, Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Péter Várnai
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis Medical University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - György Hajnóczky
- MitoCare Center for Mitochondrial Imaging Research and Diagnostics, Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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19
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Parys JB, Lemos FO. The interplay between associated proteins, redox state and Ca 2+ in the intraluminal ER compartment regulates the IP 3 receptor. Cell Calcium 2024; 117:102823. [PMID: 37976974 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2023.102823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
There have been in the last three decades repeated publications indicating that the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (IP3R) is regulated not only by cytosolic Ca2+ but also by intraluminal Ca2+. Although most studies indicated that a decreasing intraluminal Ca2+ level led to an inhibition of the IP3R, a number of publications reported exactly the opposite effect, i.e. an inhibition of the IP3R by high intraluminal Ca2+ levels. Although intraluminal Ca2+-binding sites on the IP3Rs were reported, a regulatory role for them was not demonstrated. It is also well known that the IP3R is regulated by a vast array of associated proteins, but only relatively recently proteins were identified that can be linked to the regulation of the IP3R by intraluminal Ca2+. The first to be reported was annexin A1 that is proposed to associate with the second intraluminal loop of the IP3R at high intraluminal Ca2+ levels and to inhibit the IP3R. More recently, ERdj5/PDIA19 reductase was described to reduce an intraluminal disulfide bridge of IP3R1 only at low intraluminal Ca2+ levels and thereby to inhibit the IP3R. Annexin A1 and ERdj5/PDIA19 can therefore explain most of the experimental results on the regulation of the IP3R by intraluminal Ca2+. Further studies are needed to provide a fuller understanding of the regulation of the IP3R from the intraluminal side. These findings underscore the importance of the state of the endoplasmic reticulum in the control of IP3R activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan B Parys
- KU Leuven, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Leuven Kanker Instituut (LKI), Campus Gasthuisberg O&N1 - Box 802, Herestraat 49, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Fernanda O Lemos
- KU Leuven, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Leuven Kanker Instituut (LKI), Campus Gasthuisberg O&N1 - Box 802, Herestraat 49, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
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20
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Bharat V, Durairaj AS, Vanhauwaert R, Li L, Muir CM, Chandra S, Kwak CS, Le Guen Y, Nandakishore P, Hsieh CH, Rensi SE, Altman RB, Greicius MD, Feng L, Wang X. A mitochondrial inside-out iron-calcium signal reveals drug targets for Parkinson's disease. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113544. [PMID: 38060381 PMCID: PMC10804639 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysregulated iron or Ca2+ homeostasis has been reported in Parkinson's disease (PD) models. Here, we discover a connection between these two metals at the mitochondria. Elevation of iron levels causes inward mitochondrial Ca2+ overflow, through an interaction of Fe2+ with mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU). In PD neurons, iron accumulation-triggered Ca2+ influx across the mitochondrial surface leads to spatially confined Ca2+ elevation at the outer mitochondrial membrane, which is subsequently sensed by Miro1, a Ca2+-binding protein. A Miro1 blood test distinguishes PD patients from controls and responds to drug treatment. Miro1-based drug screens in PD cells discover Food and Drug Administration-approved T-type Ca2+-channel blockers. Human genetic analysis reveals enrichment of rare variants in T-type Ca2+-channel subtypes associated with PD status. Our results identify a molecular mechanism in PD pathophysiology and drug targets and candidates coupled with a convenient stratification method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinita Bharat
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Aarooran S Durairaj
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Roeland Vanhauwaert
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Li Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Colin M Muir
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Graduate Program of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Sujyoti Chandra
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Chulhwan S Kwak
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Yann Le Guen
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute - ICM, 75013 Paris, France
| | | | - Chung-Han Hsieh
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Stefano E Rensi
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Russ B Altman
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Michael D Greicius
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Liang Feng
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Xinnan Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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21
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Hurley ME, Shah SS, Sheard TMD, Kirton HM, Steele DS, Gamper N, Jayasinghe I. Super-Resolution Analysis of the Origins of the Elementary Events of ER Calcium Release in Dorsal Root Ganglion Neurons. Cells 2023; 13:38. [PMID: 38201242 PMCID: PMC10778190 DOI: 10.3390/cells13010038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Coordinated events of calcium (Ca2+) released from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) are key second messengers in excitable cells. In pain-sensing dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons, these events can be observed as Ca2+ sparks, produced by a combination of ryanodine receptors (RyR) and inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptors (IP3R1). These microscopic signals offer the neuronal cells with a possible means of modulating the subplasmalemmal Ca2+ handling, initiating vesicular exocytosis. With super-resolution dSTORM and expansion microscopies, we visualised the nanoscale distributions of both RyR and IP3R1 that featured loosely organised clusters in the subplasmalemmal regions of cultured rat DRG somata. We adapted a novel correlative microscopy protocol to examine the nanoscale patterns of RyR and IP3R1 in the locality of each Ca2+ spark. We found that most subplasmalemmal sparks correlated with relatively small groups of RyR whilst larger sparks were often associated with larger groups of IP3R1. These data also showed spontaneous Ca2+ sparks in <30% of the subplasmalemmal cell area but consisted of both these channel species at a 3.8-5 times higher density than in nonactive regions of the cell. Taken together, these observations reveal distinct patterns and length scales of RyR and IP3R1 co-clustering at contact sites between the ER and the surface plasmalemma that encode the positions and the quantity of Ca2+ released at each Ca2+ spark.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam E. Hurley
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Shihab S. Shah
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Thomas M. D. Sheard
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Hannah M. Kirton
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Derek S. Steele
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Nikita Gamper
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Izzy Jayasinghe
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, School of Biomedical Science, University of New South Wales, Kensington, Sydney 2052, Australia
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22
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Ghafouri E, Bigdeli M, Khalafiyan A, Amirkhani Z, Ghanbari R, Hasan A, Khanahmad H, Boshtam M, Makvandi P. Unmasking the complex roles of hypocalcemia in cancer, COVID-19, and sepsis: Engineered nanodelivery and diagnosis. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 238:116979. [PMID: 37660871 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Calcium (Ca2+) homeostasis is essential for maintaining physiological processes in the body. Disruptions in Ca2+ signaling can lead to various pathological conditions including inflammation, fibrosis, impaired immune function, and accelerated senescence. Hypocalcemia, a common symptom in diseases such as acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), cancer, septic shock, and COVID-19, can have both potential protective and detrimental effects. This article explores the multifaceted role of Ca2+ dysregulation in inflammation, fibrosis, impaired immune function, and accelerated senescence, contributing to disease severity. Targeting Ca2+ signaling pathways may provide opportunities to develop novel therapeutics for age-related diseases and combat viral infections. However, the role of Ca2+ in viral infections is complex, and evidence suggests that hypocalcemia may have a protective effect against certain viruses, while changes in Ca2+ homeostasis can influence susceptibility to viral infections. The effectiveness and safety of Ca2+ supplements in COVID-19 patients remain a subject of ongoing research and debate. Further investigations are needed to understand the intricate interplay between Ca2+ signaling and disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Ghafouri
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Anis Khalafiyan
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Zohre Amirkhani
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Roham Ghanbari
- School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Anwarul Hasan
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar; Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
| | - Hossein Khanahmad
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Maryam Boshtam
- Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Pooyan Makvandi
- The Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou People's Hospital, Quzhou, 324000, Zhejiang, China; School of Engineering, Institute for Bioengineering, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3JL, UK.
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23
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Harper CS, Casler JC, Lackner LL. Temporal control of contact site formation reveals a relationship between mitochondrial division and Num1-mediated mitochondrial tethering. Mol Biol Cell 2023; 34:ar108. [PMID: 37585290 PMCID: PMC10559308 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e23-05-0168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial division is critical for maintenance of mitochondrial morphology and cellular homeostasis. Previous studies have suggested that the mitochondria-ER-cortex anchor (MECA), a tripartite membrane contact site between mitochondria, the ER, and the plasma membrane, is involved in mitochondrial division. However, its role is poorly understood. We developed a system to control MECA formation and depletion, which allowed us to investigate the relationship between MECA-mediated contact sites and mitochondrial division. Num1 is the protein that mediates mitochondria-ER-plasma membrane tethering at MECA sites. Using both rapamycin-inducible dimerization and auxin-inducible degradation components coupled with Num1, we developed systems to temporally control the formation and depletion of the native contact site. Additionally, we designed a regulatable Num1-independant mitochondria-PM tether. We found that mitochondria-PM tethering alone is not sufficient to rescue mitochondrial division and that a specific feature of Num1-mediated tethering is required. This study demonstrates the utility of systems that regulate contact-site formation and depletion in studying the biological functions of membrane contact sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare S. Harper
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208
| | - Jason C. Casler
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208
| | - Laura L. Lackner
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208
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24
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Rönkkö J, Rodriguez Y, Rasila T, Torregrosa-Muñumer R, Pennonen J, Kvist J, Kuuluvainen E, Bosch LVD, Hietakangas V, Bultynck G, Tyynismaa H, Ylikallio E. Human IP 3 receptor triple knockout stem cells remain pluripotent despite altered mitochondrial metabolism. Cell Calcium 2023; 114:102782. [PMID: 37481871 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2023.102782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors (IP3Rs) are ER Ca2+-release channels that control a broad set of cellular processes. Animal models lacking IP3Rs in different combinations display severe developmental phenotypes. Given the importance of IP3Rs in human diseases, we investigated their role in human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC) by developing single IP3R and triple IP3R knockouts (TKO). Genome edited TKO-hiPSC lacking all three IP3R isoforms, IP3R1, IP3R2, IP3R3, failed to generate Ca2+ signals in response to agonists activating GPCRs, but retained stemness and pluripotency. Steady state metabolite profiling and flux analysis of TKO-hiPSC indicated distinct alterations in tricarboxylic acid cycle metabolites consistent with a deficiency in their pyruvate utilization via pyruvate dehydrogenase, shifting towards pyruvate carboxylase pathway. These results demonstrate that IP3Rs are not essential for hiPSC identity and pluripotency but regulate mitochondrial metabolism. This set of knockout hiPSC is a valuable resource for investigating IP3Rs in human cell types of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julius Rönkkö
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00290, Finland
| | - Yago Rodriguez
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00290, Finland
| | - Tiina Rasila
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00290, Finland
| | - Rubén Torregrosa-Muñumer
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00290, Finland
| | - Jana Pennonen
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00290, Finland
| | - Jouni Kvist
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00290, Finland
| | - Emilia Kuuluvainen
- Molecular and Integrative Bioscience Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00790, Finland; Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00790, Finland
| | - Ludo Van Den Bosch
- Department of Neurosciences, Experimental Neurology and Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium; VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Laboratory of Neurobiology, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ville Hietakangas
- Molecular and Integrative Bioscience Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00790, Finland; Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00790, Finland
| | - Geert Bultynck
- KU Leuven, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine & Leuven Kanker Instituut, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - Henna Tyynismaa
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00290, Finland
| | - Emil Ylikallio
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00290, Finland; Clinical Neurosciences, Neurology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, 00290, Finland.
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25
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Baker MR, Fan G, Arige V, Yule DI, Serysheva II. Understanding IP 3R channels: From structural underpinnings to ligand-dependent conformational landscape. Cell Calcium 2023; 114:102770. [PMID: 37393815 PMCID: PMC10529787 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2023.102770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors (IP3Rs) are ubiquitously expressed large-conductance Ca2+-permeable channels predominantly localized to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membranes of virtually all eukaryotic cell types. IP3Rs work as Ca2+ signaling hubs through which diverse extracellular stimuli and intracellular inputs are processed and then integrated to result in delivery of Ca2+ from the ER lumen to generate cytosolic Ca2+ signals with precise temporal and spatial properties. IP3R-mediated Ca2+ signals control a vast repertoire of cellular functions ranging from gene transcription and secretion to the more enigmatic brain activities such as learning and memory. IP3Rs open and release Ca2+ when they bind both IP3 and Ca2+, the primary channel agonists. Despite overwhelming evidence supporting functional interplay between IP3 and Ca2+ in activation and inhibition of IP3Rs, the mechanistic understanding of how IP3R channels convey their gating through the interplay of two primary agonists remains one of the major puzzles in the field. The last decade has seen much progress in the use of cryogenic electron microscopy to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of ligand binding, ion permeation, ion selectivity and gating of the IP3R channels. The results of these studies, summarized in this review, provide a prospective view of what the future holds in structural and functional research of IP3Rs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariah R Baker
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Structural Biology Imaging Center, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Guizhen Fan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Structural Biology Imaging Center, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Vikas Arige
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - David I Yule
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
| | - Irina I Serysheva
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Structural Biology Imaging Center, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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26
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Scott ZC, Koning K, Vanderwerp M, Cohen L, Westrate LM, Koslover EF. Endoplasmic reticulum network heterogeneity guides diffusive transport and kinetics. Biophys J 2023; 122:3191-3205. [PMID: 37401053 PMCID: PMC10432226 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2023.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a dynamic network of interconnected sheets and tubules that orchestrates the distribution of lipids, ions, and proteins throughout the cell. The impact of its complex, dynamic morphology on its function as an intracellular transport hub remains poorly understood. To elucidate the functional consequences of ER network structure and dynamics, we quantify how the heterogeneity of the peripheral ER in COS7 cells affects diffusive protein transport. In vivo imaging of photoactivated ER membrane proteins demonstrates their nonuniform spreading to adjacent regions, in a manner consistent with simulations of diffusing particles on extracted network structures. Using a minimal network model to represent tubule rearrangements, we demonstrate that ER network dynamics are sufficiently slow to have little effect on diffusive protein transport. Furthermore, stochastic simulations reveal a novel consequence of ER network heterogeneity: the existence of "hot spots" where sparse diffusive reactants are more likely to find one another. ER exit sites, specialized domains regulating cargo export from the ER, are shown to be disproportionately located in highly accessible regions, further from the outer boundary of the cell. Combining in vivo experiments with analytic calculations, quantitative image analysis, and computational modeling, we demonstrate how structure guides diffusive protein transport and reactions in the ER.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Katherine Koning
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Calvin University, Grand Rapids, Michigan
| | - Molly Vanderwerp
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Calvin University, Grand Rapids, Michigan
| | | | - Laura M Westrate
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Calvin University, Grand Rapids, Michigan
| | - Elena F Koslover
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California.
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27
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Rühmkorf A, Harbauer AB. Role of Mitochondria-ER Contact Sites in Mitophagy. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1198. [PMID: 37627263 PMCID: PMC10452924 DOI: 10.3390/biom13081198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are often referred to as the "powerhouse" of the cell. However, this organelle has many more functions than simply satisfying the cells' metabolic needs. Mitochondria are involved in calcium homeostasis and lipid metabolism, and they also regulate apoptotic processes. Many of these functions require contact with the ER, which is mediated by several tether proteins located on the respective organellar surfaces, enabling the formation of mitochondria-ER contact sites (MERCS). Upon damage, mitochondria produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) that can harm the surrounding cell. To circumvent toxicity and to maintain a functional pool of healthy organelles, damaged and excess mitochondria can be targeted for degradation via mitophagy, a form of selective autophagy. Defects in mitochondria-ER tethers and the accumulation of damaged mitochondria are found in several neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson's disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, which argues that the interplay between the two organelles is vital for neuronal health. This review provides an overview of the different mechanisms of mitochondrial quality control that are implicated with the different mitochondria-ER tether proteins, and also provides a novel perspective on how MERCS are involved in mediating mitophagy upon mitochondrial damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Rühmkorf
- TUM Medical Graduate Center, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Biological Intelligence, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Angelika Bettina Harbauer
- Max Planck Institute for Biological Intelligence, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University of Munich, 80802 Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology, 81377 Munich, Germany
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28
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Moccia F, Fiorio Pla A, Lim D, Lodola F, Gerbino A. Intracellular Ca 2+ signalling: unexpected new roles for the usual suspect. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1210085. [PMID: 37576340 PMCID: PMC10413985 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1210085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytosolic Ca2+ signals are organized in complex spatial and temporal patterns that underlie their unique ability to regulate multiple cellular functions. Changes in intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) are finely tuned by the concerted interaction of membrane receptors and ion channels that introduce Ca2+ into the cytosol, Ca2+-dependent sensors and effectors that translate the elevation in [Ca2+]i into a biological output, and Ca2+-clearing mechanisms that return the [Ca2+]i to pre-stimulation levels and prevent cytotoxic Ca2+ overload. The assortment of the Ca2+ handling machinery varies among different cell types to generate intracellular Ca2+ signals that are selectively tailored to subserve specific functions. The advent of novel high-speed, 2D and 3D time-lapse imaging techniques, single-wavelength and genetic Ca2+ indicators, as well as the development of novel genetic engineering tools to manipulate single cells and whole animals, has shed novel light on the regulation of cellular activity by the Ca2+ handling machinery. A symposium organized within the framework of the 72nd Annual Meeting of the Italian Society of Physiology, held in Bari on 14-16th September 2022, has recently addressed many of the unexpected mechanisms whereby intracellular Ca2+ signalling regulates cellular fate in healthy and disease states. Herein, we present a report of this symposium, in which the following emerging topics were discussed: 1) Regulation of water reabsorption in the kidney by lysosomal Ca2+ release through Transient Receptor Potential Mucolipin 1 (TRPML1); 2) Endoplasmic reticulum-to-mitochondria Ca2+ transfer in Alzheimer's disease-related astroglial dysfunction; 3) The non-canonical role of TRP Melastatin 8 (TRPM8) as a Rap1A inhibitor in the definition of some cancer hallmarks; and 4) Non-genetic optical stimulation of Ca2+ signals in the cardiovascular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Moccia
- Laboratory of General Physiology, Department of Biology and Biotechnology “L. Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Dmitry Lim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale “Amedeo Avogadro”, Novara, Italy
| | - Francesco Lodola
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milan-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
- Center for Nano Science and Technology @PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Gerbino
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
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29
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Smith HA, Thillaiappan NB, Rossi AM. IP 3 receptors: An "elementary" journey from structure to signals. Cell Calcium 2023; 113:102761. [PMID: 37271052 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2023.102761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors (IP3Rs) are large tetrameric channels which sit mostly in the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mediate Ca2+ release from intracellular stores in response to extracellular stimuli in almost all cells. Dual regulation of IP3Rs by IP3 and Ca2+ itself, upstream "licensing", and the arrangement of IP3Rs into small clusters in the ER membrane, allow IP3Rs to generate spatially and temporally diverse Ca2+ signals. The characteristic biphasic regulation of IP3Rs by cytosolic Ca2+ concentration underpins regenerative Ca2+ signals by Ca2+-induced Ca2+-release, while also preventing uncontrolled explosive Ca2+ release. In this way, cells can harness a simple ion such as Ca2+ as a near-universal intracellular messenger to regulate diverse cellular functions, including those with conflicting outcomes such as cell survival and cell death. High-resolution structures of the IP3R bound to IP3 and Ca2+ in different combinations have together started to unravel the workings of this giant channel. Here we discuss, in the context of recently published structures, how the tight regulation of IP3Rs and their cellular geography lead to generation of "elementary" local Ca2+ signals known as Ca2+ "puffs", which form the fundamental bottleneck through which all IP3-mediated cytosolic Ca2+ signals must first pass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly A Smith
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1PD, United Kingdom
| | | | - Ana M Rossi
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1PD, United Kingdom.
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30
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Huang Y, Zhou B. Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Cardiac Diseases and Therapeutic Strategies. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11051500. [PMID: 37239170 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11051500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are the main site of intracellular synthesis of ATP, which provides energy for various physiological activities of the cell. Cardiomyocytes have a high density of mitochondria and mitochondrial damage is present in a variety of cardiovascular diseases. In this paper, we describe mitochondrial damage in mitochondrial cardiomyopathy, congenital heart disease, coronary heart disease, myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury, heart failure, and drug-induced cardiotoxicity, in the context of the key roles of mitochondria in cardiac development and homeostasis. Finally, we discuss the main current therapeutic strategies aimed at alleviating mitochondrial impairment-related cardiac dysfunction, including pharmacological strategies, gene therapy, mitochondrial replacement therapy, and mitochondrial transplantation. It is hoped that this will provide new ideas for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, 167 North Lishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Bingying Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, 167 North Lishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing 100037, China
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Garcia-Casas P, Rossini M, Filadi R, Pizzo P. Mitochondrial Ca 2+ signaling and Alzheimer's disease: Too much or too little? Cell Calcium 2023; 113:102757. [PMID: 37192560 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2023.102757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease, caused by poorly known pathogenic mechanisms and aggravated by delayed therapeutic intervention, that still lacks an effective cure. However, it is clear that some important neurophysiological processes are altered years before the onset of clinical symptoms, offering the possibility of identifying biological targets useful for implementation of new therapies. Of note, evidence has been provided suggesting that mitochondria, pivotal organelles in sustaining neuronal energy demand and modulating synaptic activity, are dysfunctional in AD samples. In particular, alterations in mitochondrial Ca2+ signaling have been proposed as causal events for neurodegeneration, although the exact outcomes and molecular mechanisms of these defects, as well as their longitudinal progression, are not always clear. Here, we discuss the importance of a correct mitochondrial Ca2+ handling for neuronal physiology and summarize the latest findings on dysfunctional mitochondrial Ca2+ pathways in AD, analysing possible consequences contributing to the neurodegeneration that characterizes the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paloma Garcia-Casas
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padua, Italy; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Valladolid, 47003 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Michela Rossini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Riccardo Filadi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padua, Italy; Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council (CNR), 35131 Padua, Italy.
| | - Paola Pizzo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padua, Italy; Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council (CNR), 35131 Padua, Italy; Study Centre for Neurodegeneration (CESNE), University of Padova, 35131 Padua, Italy.
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de Ridder I, Kerkhofs M, Lemos FO, Loncke J, Bultynck G, Parys JB. The ER-mitochondria interface, where Ca 2+ and cell death meet. Cell Calcium 2023; 112:102743. [PMID: 37126911 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2023.102743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-mitochondria contact sites are crucial to allow Ca2+ flux between them and a plethora of proteins participate in tethering both organelles together. Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors (IP3Rs) play a pivotal role at such contact sites, participating in both ER-mitochondria tethering and as Ca2+-transport system that delivers Ca2+ from the ER towards mitochondria. At the ER-mitochondria contact sites, the IP3Rs function as a multi-protein complex linked to the voltage-dependent anion channel 1 (VDAC1) in the outer mitochondrial membrane, via the chaperone glucose-regulated protein 75 (GRP75). This IP3R-GRP75-VDAC1 complex supports the efficient transfer of Ca2+ from the ER into the mitochondrial intermembrane space, from which the Ca2+ ions can reach the mitochondrial matrix through the mitochondrial calcium uniporter. Under physiological conditions, basal Ca2+ oscillations deliver Ca2+ to the mitochondrial matrix, thereby stimulating mitochondrial oxidative metabolism. However, when mitochondrial Ca2+ overload occurs, the increase in [Ca2+] will induce the opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore, thereby provoking cell death. The IP3R-GRP75-VDAC1 complex forms a hub for several other proteins that stabilize the complex and/or regulate the complex's ability to channel Ca2+ into the mitochondria. These proteins and their mechanisms of action are discussed in the present review with special attention for their role in pathological conditions and potential implication for therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian de Ridder
- KU Leuven, Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine & Leuven Kanker Instituut, Campus Gasthuisberg O/N-1 B-802, Herestraat 49, Leuven BE-3000, Belgium
| | - Martijn Kerkhofs
- KU Leuven, Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine & Leuven Kanker Instituut, Campus Gasthuisberg O/N-1 B-802, Herestraat 49, Leuven BE-3000, Belgium
| | - Fernanda O Lemos
- KU Leuven, Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine & Leuven Kanker Instituut, Campus Gasthuisberg O/N-1 B-802, Herestraat 49, Leuven BE-3000, Belgium
| | - Jens Loncke
- KU Leuven, Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine & Leuven Kanker Instituut, Campus Gasthuisberg O/N-1 B-802, Herestraat 49, Leuven BE-3000, Belgium
| | - Geert Bultynck
- KU Leuven, Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine & Leuven Kanker Instituut, Campus Gasthuisberg O/N-1 B-802, Herestraat 49, Leuven BE-3000, Belgium.
| | - Jan B Parys
- KU Leuven, Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine & Leuven Kanker Instituut, Campus Gasthuisberg O/N-1 B-802, Herestraat 49, Leuven BE-3000, Belgium.
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Berry BJ, Pharaoh GA, Marcinek DJ. From mitochondria to cells to humans: Targeting bioenergetics in aging and disease. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2023; 157:106391. [PMID: 36806357 PMCID: PMC10033341 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2023.106391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
In vivo control over metabolism is at the cutting edge of biomedical research. The particulars of mitochondrial function are especially important to understand in vivo to progress metabolic therapies that will be relevant for diseases of aging. Understanding the differences between how mitochondria function in vitro versus in vivo will be a necessary challenge to overcome to achieve mitochondrial medicine. In this article we outline how discoveries in invertebrate models will be informative for understanding the basic biology of mitochondria to streamline translation to mammals and eventually to humans. Further, we highlight examples of how what is known about mitochondria in vitro is translatable to in vivo models and, in some cases, to human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon J Berry
- University of Washington Medical Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, 1959 NE Pacific St., Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
| | - Gavin A Pharaoh
- University of Washington, Department of Radiology, and Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South Lake Union Campus, 850 Republican St., Brotman D142, Box 358050, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
| | - David J Marcinek
- University of Washington Medical Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, 1959 NE Pacific St., Seattle, WA 98195, USA; University of Washington, Department of Radiology, and Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South Lake Union Campus, 850 Republican St., Brotman D142, Box 358050, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
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New discoveries in ER-mitochondria communication. Biochem Soc Trans 2023; 51:571-577. [PMID: 36892405 DOI: 10.1042/bst20221305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023]
Abstract
The study of endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-mitochondria communication is a vast and expanding field with many novel developments in the past few years. In this mini-review, we focus on several recent publications that identify novel functions of tether complexes, in particular autophagy regulation and lipid droplet biogenesis. We review novel findings that shed light on the role of triple contacts between ER and mitochondria with peroxisomes or lipid droplets as the third player. We also summarize recent findings on the role of ER-mitochondria contacts in human neurodegenerative diseases, which implicate either enhanced or reduced ER-mitochondria contacts in neurodegeneration. Taken together, the discussed studies highlight the need for further research into the role of triple organelle contacts, as well as into the exact mechanisms of increased and decreased ER-mitochondria contacts in neurodegeneration.
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Rahhali K, Di Lisa F, Kaludercic N. IP 3 receptor trafficking at the ER-mitochondria contacts impacts on mitochondrial Ca 2+ homeostasis and metabolism. Cell Calcium 2023; 110:102700. [PMID: 36716521 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2023.102700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The close contacts between endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria (ERMCs) play a key role in metabolic regulation, Ca2+ homeostasis, reactive oxygen species production, and many other cell functions. Nevertheless, it is not fully clear how these contacts dynamically rearrange to support cell functions. In a recent Nature Communications article [1], Katona et al. elegantly showed that motile IP3Rs can be captured at ERMCs to promptly mediate Ca2+ transfer and stimulate mitochondrial oxidative metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim Rahhali
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Italy
| | - Fabio Di Lisa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Italy; Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Italy
| | - Nina Kaludercic
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Italy; Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Italy; Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza (IRP), Italy.
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Atakpa-Adaji P, Ivanova A. IP 3R at ER-Mitochondrial Contact Sites: Beyond the IP 3R-GRP75-VDAC1 Ca 2+ Funnel. CONTACT (THOUSAND OAKS (VENTURA COUNTY, CALIF.)) 2023; 6:25152564231181020. [PMID: 37426575 PMCID: PMC10328019 DOI: 10.1177/25152564231181020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Membrane contact sites (MCS) circumvent the topological constraints of functional coupling between different membrane-bound organelles by providing a means of communication and exchange of materials. One of the most characterised contact sites in the cell is that between the endoplasmic reticulum and the mitochondrial (ERMCS) whose function is to couple cellular Ca2+ homeostasis and mitochondrial function. Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors (IP3Rs) on the ER, glucose-regulated protein 75 (GRP 75) and voltage-dependent anion channel 1 (VDAC1) on the outer mitochondrial membrane are the canonical component of the Ca2+ transfer unit at ERMCS. These are often reported to form a Ca2+ funnel that fuels the mitochondrial low-affinity Ca2+ uptake system. We assess the available evidence on the IP3R subtype selectivity at the ERMCS and consider if IP3Rs have other roles at the ERMCS beyond providing Ca2+. Growing evidence suggests that all three IP3R subtypes can localise and regulate Ca2+ signalling at ERMCS. Furthermore, IP3Rs may be structurally important for assembly of the ERMCS in addition to their role in providing Ca2+ at these sites. Evidence that various binding partners regulate the assembly and Ca2+ transfer at ERMCS populated by IP3R-GRP75-VDAC1, suggesting that cells have evolved mechanisms that stabilise these junctions forming a Ca2+ microdomain that is required to fuel mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peace Atakpa-Adaji
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1PD, UK
| | - Adelina Ivanova
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1PD, UK
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