1
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He Y, Cheng Y, Yang C, Guo CF. Creep-free polyelectrolyte elastomer for drift-free iontronic sensing. NATURE MATERIALS 2024; 23:1107-1114. [PMID: 38514845 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-024-01848-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Artificial pressure sensors often use soft materials to achieve skin-like softness, but the viscoelastic creep of soft materials and the ion leakage, specifically for ionic conductors, cause signal drift and inaccurate measurement. Here we report drift-free iontronic sensing by designing and copolymerizing a leakage-free and creep-free polyelectrolyte elastomer containing two types of segments: charged segments having fixed cations to prevent ion leakage and neutral slippery segments with a high crosslink density for low creep. We show that an iontronic sensor using the polyelectrolyte elastomer barely drifts under an ultrahigh static pressure of 500 kPa (close to its Young's modulus), exhibits a drift rate two to three orders of magnitude lower than that of the sensors adopting conventional ionic conductors and enables steady and accurate control for robotic manipulation. Such drift-free iontronic sensing represents a step towards highly accurate sensing in robotics and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfeng He
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Soft Mechanics and Smart Manufacturing, Department of Mechanics and Aerospace Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Yu Cheng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Canhui Yang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Soft Mechanics and Smart Manufacturing, Department of Mechanics and Aerospace Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, P. R. China.
| | - Chuan Fei Guo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, P. R. China.
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2
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Yang Z, Zhao Y, Lan Y, Xiang M, Wu G, Zang J, Zhang Z, Xue C, Gao L. Screen-Printable Iontronic Pressure Sensor with Thermal Expansion Microspheres for Pulse Monitoring. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:39561-39571. [PMID: 39039805 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c05688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
Constructing microstructures to improve the sensitivity of flexible pressure sensors is an effective approach. However, the preparation of microstructures usually involves inverted molds or subtractive manufacturing methods, which are difficult in large-scale (e.g., in screen printing) preparation. To solve this problem, we introduced thermally expandable microspheres for screen printing to fabricate flexible sensors. Thermally expandable microspheres can be constructed into microstructures by simple heating after printing, which simplifies the microstructure fabrication step. In addition, the added microspheres can also be used as ionic liquid reservoir materials to further increase the capacitance change and improve the sensitivity. The prepared sensors exhibited superior performance, including ultrahigh sensitivity (Smax = 49999.5 kPa-1) and wide detection range (0-350 kPa). Even after 30,000 cycles at a high pressure of 300 kPa and a low pressure of 30 kPa, the sensor showed minimal signal degradation, demonstrating long-term cycling stability. In order to verify the practical potential of the sensors, we performed human radial artery beat detection experiments using these sensors. The variations in the intensity of the 3D radial artery pulse wave can be observed very clearly, which is important for human health monitoring. The above demonstrates that our strategy can provide an effective approach for the large-scale preparation of high-performance flexible pressure sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zekun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Instrumentation Science and Dynamic Measurement Ministry of Education, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China
| | - Yunlong Zhao
- Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, and Discipline of Intelligent Instrument and Equipment, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
- Shenzhen Research institute of Xiamen University, Xiamen University, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Yihui Lan
- Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, and Discipline of Intelligent Instrument and Equipment, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
- Shenzhen Research institute of Xiamen University, Xiamen University, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Menghui Xiang
- Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, and Discipline of Intelligent Instrument and Equipment, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
- Shenzhen Research institute of Xiamen University, Xiamen University, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Guirong Wu
- Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, and Discipline of Intelligent Instrument and Equipment, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
- Shenzhen Research institute of Xiamen University, Xiamen University, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Junbin Zang
- Key Laboratory of Instrumentation Science and Dynamic Measurement Ministry of Education, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China
| | - Zhidong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Instrumentation Science and Dynamic Measurement Ministry of Education, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China
| | - Chenyang Xue
- Key Laboratory of Instrumentation Science and Dynamic Measurement Ministry of Education, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China
- Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, and Discipline of Intelligent Instrument and Equipment, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Libo Gao
- Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, and Discipline of Intelligent Instrument and Equipment, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
- Shenzhen Research institute of Xiamen University, Xiamen University, Shenzhen 518000, China
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3
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Guo D, Pan T, Li F, Wang W, Jia X, Hu T, Wang Z, Gao M, Yao G, Huang Z, Peng Z, Lin Y. Scalable Fabrication of Large-Scale, 3D, and Stretchable Circuits. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2402221. [PMID: 39037020 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202402221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Stretchable electronics have demonstrated excellent potential in wearable healthcare and conformal integration. Achieving the scalable fabrication of stretchable devices with high functional density is the cornerstone to enable the practical applications of stretchable electronics. Here, a comprehensive methodology for realizing large-scale, 3D, and stretchable circuits (3D-LSC) is reported. The soft copper-clad laminate (S-CCL) based on the "cast and cure" process facilitates patterning the planar interconnects with the scale beyond 1 m. With the ability to form through, buried and blind VIAs in the multilayer stack of S-CCLs, high functional density can be achieved by further creating vertical interconnects in stacked S-CCLs. The application of temporary bonding substrate effectively minimizes the misalignments caused by residual strain and thermal strain. 3D-LSC enables the batch production of stretchable skin patches based on five-layer stretchable circuits, which can serve as a miniaturized system for physiological signals monitoring with wireless power delivery. The fabrications of conformal antenna and stretchable light-emitting diode display further illustrate the potential of 3D-LSC in realizing large-scale stretchable devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dengji Guo
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, P. R. China
| | - Taisong Pan
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, P. R. China
- Research Centre for Information Technology, Shenzhen Institute of Information Technology, Shenzhen, 518172, P. R. China
| | - Fan Li
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, P. R. China
| | - Wei Wang
- Institute of Flexible Electronics Technology of THU, Jiaxing, 314000, P. R. China
- Laboratory of Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P.R. China
| | - Xiang Jia
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, P. R. China
| | - Taiqi Hu
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, P. R. China
| | - Zhijian Wang
- Institute of Flexible Electronics Technology of THU, Jiaxing, 314000, P. R. China
- Laboratory of Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P.R. China
| | - Min Gao
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, P. R. China
| | - Guang Yao
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, P. R. China
| | - Zhenlong Huang
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, P. R. China
- Research Centre for Information Technology, Shenzhen Institute of Information Technology, Shenzhen, 518172, P. R. China
| | - Zujun Peng
- Institute of Flexible Electronics Technology of THU, Jiaxing, 314000, P. R. China
- Laboratory of Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Lin
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, P. R. China
- Medico-Engineering Cooperation on Applied Medicine Research Center, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, P. R. China
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4
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Yang J, Yuan G, Shen Y, Guo C, Li Z, Yan F, Chen X, Mei L, Wang T. Pushing Pressure Detection Sensitivity to New Limits by Modulus-Tunable Mechanism. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2403779. [PMID: 38978349 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202403779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2024] [Revised: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Only microstructures are used to improve the sensitivity of iontronic pressure sensors. By modulating the compressive modulus, a breakthrough in the sensitivity of the iontronic pressure sensor is achieved. Furthermore, it allows for programmatic tailoring of sensor performance according to the requirements of different applications. Such a new strategy pushes the sensitivity up to a record-high of 25 548.24 kPa-1 and expands the linear pressure range from 15 to 127 kPa. Additionally, the sensor demonstrates excellent mechanical stability over 10 000 compression-release cycles. Based on this, a well-controlled robotic hand that precisely tracks the pressure behavior inside a balloon to autonomously regulate the gripping angle is developed. This paves the way for the application of iontronic pressure sensors in precise sensing scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Guojiang Yuan
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Yong Shen
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Caili Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410083, P. R. China
| | - Zhibin Li
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Fengling Yan
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Xiaolong Chen
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Lin Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410083, P. R. China
| | - Taihong Wang
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, P. R. China
- School of Microelectronics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, P. R. China
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5
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Xiong W, Zhang F, Qu S, Yin L, Li K, Huang Y. Marangoni-driven deterministic formation of softer, hollow microstructures for sensitivity-enhanced tactile system. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5596. [PMID: 38961075 PMCID: PMC11222500 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49864-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Microengineering the dielectric layers with three-dimensional microstructures has proven effective in enhancing the sensitivity of flexible pressure sensors. However, the widely employed geometrical designs of solid microstructures exhibit limited sensitivity over a wide range of pressures due to their inherent but undesired structural compressibility. Here, a Marangoni-driven deterministic formation approach is proposed for fabricating hollow microstructures, allowing for greater deformation while retarding structural stiffening during compression. Fluid convective deposition enables solute particles to reassemble in template microstructures, controlling the interior cavity with a void ratio exceeding 90%. The hollow micro-pyramid sensor exhibits a 10-fold sensitivity improvement across wider pressure ranges over the pressure sensor utilizing solid micro-pyramids, and an ultra-low detect limit of 0.21 Pa. With the advantages of facilitation, scalability, and large-area compatibility, such an approach for hollow microstructures can be expanded to other sensor types for superior performance and has considerable potential in robotic tactile and epidermal devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wennan Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P.R. China
- Flexible Electronics Research Center, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P.R. China
| | - Fan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P.R. China.
- Flexible Electronics Research Center, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P.R. China.
| | - Shiyuan Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P.R. China
- Flexible Electronics Research Center, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P.R. China
| | - Liting Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P.R. China
- Flexible Electronics Research Center, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P.R. China
| | - Kan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P.R. China
- Flexible Electronics Research Center, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P.R. China
| | - YongAn Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P.R. China.
- Flexible Electronics Research Center, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P.R. China.
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6
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Li W, Wu S, Zhou Q, Gong C, Liu Z, Yan Y. Harmonizing Elastic Modulus and Dielectric Constant of Elastomers for Improved Pressure Sensing Performance. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:32727-32738. [PMID: 38864718 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c06122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Enhancing the sensitivity of capacitive pressure sensors through microstructure design may compromise the reliability of the device and rely on intricate manufacturing processes. It is an effective way to solve this issue by balancing the intrinsic properties (elastic modulus and dielectric constant) of the dielectric layer materials. Here, we introduce a liquid metal (LM) hybrid elastomer prepared by a chain-extension-free polyurethane (PU) and LM. The synergistic strategies of extender-free and LM doping effectively reduce the elastic modulus (7.6 ± 0.2-2.1 ± 0.3 MPa) and enhance the dielectric constant (5.12-8.17 @1 kHz) of LM hybrid elastomers. Interestingly, the LM hybrid elastomer combines reprocessability, recyclability, and photothermal conversion. The obtained flexible pressure sensor can be used for detecting hand and throat muscle movements, and high-precision speech recognition of seven words has been using a convolutional neural network (CNN) in deep learning. This work provides an idea for designing and manufacturing wearable, recyclable, and intelligent control pressure sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanjiang Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, P.R. China
| | - Shaoji Wu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, P.R. China
| | - Qiuman Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, P.R. China
| | - Caihong Gong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, P.R. China
| | - Zhao Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, P.R. China
| | - Yurong Yan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, P.R. China
- Key Lab of Guangdong High Property & Functional Polymer Materials, Guangzhou 510640, P.R. China
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7
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Li W, Zou K, Guo J, Zhang C, Feng J, You J, Cheng G, Zhou Q, Kong M, Li G, Guo CF, Yang J. Integrated Fibrous Iontronic Pressure Sensors with High Sensitivity and Reliability for Human Plantar Pressure and Gait Analysis. ACS NANO 2024; 18:14672-14684. [PMID: 38760182 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c02919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
Flexible sensing systems (FSSs) designed to measure plantar pressure can deliver instantaneous feedback on human movement and posture. This feedback is crucial not only for preventing and controlling diseases associated with abnormal plantar pressures but also for optimizing athletes' postures to minimize injuries. The development of an optimal plantar pressure sensor hinges on key metrics such as a wide sensing range, high sensitivity, and long-term stability. However, the effectiveness of current flexible sensors is impeded by numerous challenges, including limitations in structural deformability, mechanical incompatibility between multifunctional layers, and instability under complex stress conditions. Addressing these limitations, we have engineered an integrated pressure sensing system with high sensitivity and reliability for human plantar pressure and gait analysis. It features a high-modulus, porous laminated ionic fiber structure with robust self-bonded interfaces, utilizing a unified polyimide material system. This system showcases a high sensitivity (156.6 kPa-1), an extensive sensing range (up to 4000 kPa), and augmented interfacial toughness and durability (over 150,000 cycles). Additionally, our FSS is capable of real-time monitoring of plantar pressure distribution across various sports activities. Leveraging deep learning, the flexible sensing system achieves a high-precision, intelligent recognition of different plantar types with a 99.8% accuracy rate. This approach provides a strategic advancement in the field of flexible pressure sensors, ensuring prolonged stability and accuracy even amidst complex pressure dynamics and providing a feasible solution for long-term gait monitoring and analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendong Li
- School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering of China, Robotic Satellite Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, People's Republic of China
| | - Kangkang Zou
- School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering of China, Robotic Satellite Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, People's Republic of China
| | - Junwei Guo
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering of China, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, People's Republic of China
| | - Cancan Zhang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering of China, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiabao Feng
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering of China, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia You
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering of China, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Cheng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Intelligent Space Robotic Systems Technology and Applications, Beijing Institute of Spacecraft System Engineering, Beijing, 100094, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinghua Zhou
- School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering of China, Robotic Satellite Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, People's Republic of China
| | - Miqiu Kong
- School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering of China, Robotic Satellite Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangxian Li
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering of China, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuan Fei Guo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Junlong Yang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering of China, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, People's Republic of China
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8
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Ding Z, Li W, Wang W, Zhao Z, Zhu Y, Hou B, Zhu L, Chen M, Che L. Highly Sensitive Iontronic Pressure Sensor with Side-by-Side Package Based on Alveoli and Arch Structure. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2309407. [PMID: 38491739 PMCID: PMC11199976 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202309407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Flexible pressure sensors play a significant role in wearable devices and electronic skin. Iontronic pressure sensors with high sensitivity, wide measurement range, and high resolution can meet requirements. Based on the significant deformation characteristics of alveoli to improve compressibility, and the ability of the arch to disperse vertical pressure into horizontal thrust to increase contact area, a graded hollow ball arch (GHBA) microstructure is proposed, greatly improving sensitivity. The fabrication of GHBA ingeniously employs a double-sided structure. One side uses mold casting to create convex structures, while the other utilizes the evaporation of moisture during the curing process to form concave structures. At the same time, a novel side-by-side package structure is proposed, ensuring pressure on flexible substrate is maximally transferred to the GHBA microstructure. Within the range of 0.2 Pa-300 kPa, the iontronic pressure sensor achieves a maximum sensitivity of 10 420.8 kPa-1, pressure resolution of 0.1% under the pressure of 100 kPa, and rapid response/recovery time of 40/35 ms. In wearable devices, it is capable of monitoring dumbbell curl exercises and wirelessly correcting sitting positions. In electronic skin, it can non-contactly detect the location of the wind source and achieve object classification prediction when combined with the CNN model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Ding
- College of Information Science and Electronic EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310027China
- Center for MicroelectronicsShaoxing InstituteZhejiang UniversityShaoxing312035China
| | - Weijian Li
- College of Information Science and Electronic EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310027China
| | - Weidong Wang
- College of Information Science and Electronic EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310027China
| | - Zhengqian Zhao
- College of Information Science and Electronic EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310027China
| | - Ye Zhu
- College of Information Science and Electronic EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310027China
| | - Baoyin Hou
- College of Information Science and Electronic EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310027China
| | - Lijie Zhu
- College of Information Science and Electronic EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310027China
| | - Ming Chen
- College of Information Science and Electronic EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310027China
| | - Lufeng Che
- College of Information Science and Electronic EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310027China
- Center for MicroelectronicsShaoxing InstituteZhejiang UniversityShaoxing312035China
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9
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Tian G, Deng W, Yang T, Zhang J, Xu T, Xiong D, Lan B, Wang S, Sun Y, Ao Y, Huang L, Liu Y, Li X, Jin L, Yang W. Hierarchical Piezoelectric Composites for Noninvasive Continuous Cardiovascular Monitoring. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2313612. [PMID: 38574762 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202313612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Continuous monitoring of blood pressure (BP) and multiparametric analysis of cardiac functions are crucial for the early diagnosis and therapy of cardiovascular diseases. However, existing monitoring approaches often suffer from bulky and intrusive apparatus, cumbersome testing procedures, and challenging data processing, hampering their applications in continuous monitoring. Here, a heterogeneously hierarchical piezoelectric composite is introduced for wearable continuous BP and cardiac function monitoring, overcoming the rigidity of ceramic and the insensitivity of polymer. By optimizing the hierarchical structure and components of the composite, the developed piezoelectric sensor delivers impressive performances, ensuring continuous and accurate monitoring of BP at Grade A level. Furthermore, the hemodynamic parameters are extracted from the detected signals, such as local pulse wave velocity, cardiac output, and stroke volume, all of which are in alignment with clinical results. Finally, the all-day tracking of cardiac function parameters validates the reliability and stability of the developed sensor, highlighting its potential for personalized healthcare systems, particularly in early diagnosis and timely intervention of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo Tian
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, P. R. China
| | - Weili Deng
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, P. R. China
| | - Tao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, P. R. China
| | - Jieling Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, P. R. China
| | - Tianpei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, P. R. China
| | - Da Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, P. R. China
| | - Boling Lan
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, P. R. China
| | - Shenglong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, P. R. China
| | - Yue Sun
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, P. R. China
| | - Yong Ao
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, P. R. China
| | - Longchao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, P. R. China
| | - Yang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, P. R. China
| | - Xuelan Li
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, P. R. China
| | - Long Jin
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, P. R. China
| | - Weiqing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, P. R. China
- Research Institute of Frontier Science, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, P. R. China
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10
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Li Z, Li K, Wang W, Zhang T, Yang X. Ultrawide linear range, high sensitivity, and large-area pressure sensor arrays enabled by pneumatic spraying broccoli-like microstructures. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2024; 11:2271-2280. [PMID: 38439709 DOI: 10.1039/d3mh02232c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
Large-area pressure sensor arrays with a wide linear response range and high sensitivity are beneficial to map the inhomogeneous interface pressure, which is significant in practical applications. Here, we demonstrate a pneumatic spraying method to prepare large-area microstructure films (PSMF) for high performance pressure sensor arrays. The sprayed surface morphology is designable by controlling the spraying parameters. It is worth noting that the constructed "broccoli" like morphology with a swollen top and shrunken bottom inspired a new mechanism to enlarge the linear response range by decreasing the series resistance with pressure increasing. At the same time, the pneumatic sprayed "broccoli" has a rough surface due to droplet stacking, which reduces the initial current effectively. Hence, the sensor achieves a 10 000 kPa ultrawide linear response range with a high sensitivity (98.71 kPa-1), and low detection (5 Pa). The prepared sensor has a small static response error (4.4%) and 5000 cycle full-range dynamic response durability. Finally, the constructed sensor arrays can distinguish the pressure distribution in different ranges clearly, which indicates a great potential in health care, motion detection, and the tire industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zonglin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China.
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of High-Performance Synthetic Rubber and its Composite Materials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Kun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China.
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of High-Performance Synthetic Rubber and its Composite Materials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Weiwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China.
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of High-Performance Synthetic Rubber and its Composite Materials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Tong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China.
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- Huangpu Institute of Materials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Xiaoniu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China.
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of High-Performance Synthetic Rubber and its Composite Materials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
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11
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Zhang H, Li H, Li Y. Biomimetic Electronic Skin for Robots Aiming at Superior Dynamic-Static Perception and Material Cognition Based on Triboelectric-Piezoresistive Effects. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:4002-4011. [PMID: 38525900 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c00623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Empowering robots with tactile perception and even thinking as well as judgment capabilities similar to those of humans is an inevitable path for the development of future robots. Here, we propose a biomimetic electronic skin (BES) that truly serves and applies to robots to achieve superior dynamic-static perception and material cognition functionalities. First, the microstructured triboelectric and piezoresistive layers are fabricated by a facile template method followed by selected self-polymerization treatment, enabling BES with high sensitivity and a wide detection range. Further, through laminated-independent triboelectric and piezoresistive parts for perceiving dynamic and static pressures simultaneously, the BES is capable of supporting the robot hand to monitor the entire process during object grasping. Most importantly, by further combining a neural network model, an intelligent cognition system is constructed for real-time cognition of the object material species via one touch of the robot hand under arbitrary pressures, which goes beyond the human cognition ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyun Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Network Based Intelligent Computing, School of Information Science and Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Hao Li
- School of Integrated Circuits, Shandong University, Jinan 250101, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Network Based Intelligent Computing, School of Information Science and Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Yang Li
- School of Integrated Circuits, Shandong University, Jinan 250101, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Network Based Intelligent Computing, School of Information Science and Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
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12
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Su D, Shen G, Ma K, Li J, Qin B, Wang S, Yang W, He X. Enhanced sensitivity and linear-response in iontronic pressure sensors for non-contact, high-frequency vibration recognition. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 659:1042-1051. [PMID: 38195360 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.12.181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Monitoring non-contact high-frequency vibrations requires improving the sensitivity and linear response of iontronic pressure sensors (IPSs). In this study, we incorporate composite electrodes comprising silver nanowires (Ag NWs) and MXene into IPSs to enhance electronic conduction and pseudocapacitance. Moreover, we utilize a novel surface-pillar microstructure, along with an internally randomized multi-bubble structure within the dielectric layer, to significantly expand the linear response range of the sensor. The resulting IPS device demonstrates exceptional linear sensitivity, measuring approximately 153.83 kPa-1, across a broad pressure range of up to 260 kPa. Additionally, it exhibits long-term stability, rapid response and recovery characteristics, and remains functional underwater. Notably, these devices exhibit remarkable capabilities in monitoring ultrasonic vibrations and accurately identifying sound wave vibrations. The integration of composite electrodes, microstructure designs, and their compatibility with underwater applications positions these IPSs as highly promising tools for precise measurements and advancements in flexible electronics technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daojian Su
- School of Applied Physics and Materials, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, PR China; Jiangmen Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Functional Materials and Devices, Jiangmen 529020, PR China
| | - Gengzhe Shen
- Zhuhai Institute of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhuhai 519003, PR China
| | - Ke Ma
- School of Applied Physics and Materials, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, PR China; Jiangmen Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Functional Materials and Devices, Jiangmen 529020, PR China
| | - Junxian Li
- School of Applied Physics and Materials, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, PR China; Jiangmen Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Functional Materials and Devices, Jiangmen 529020, PR China
| | - Bolong Qin
- School of Applied Physics and Materials, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, PR China; Jiangmen Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Functional Materials and Devices, Jiangmen 529020, PR China
| | - Shuangpeng Wang
- Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa 999078, Macau
| | - Weijia Yang
- School of Applied Physics and Materials, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, PR China; Jiangmen Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Functional Materials and Devices, Jiangmen 529020, PR China
| | - Xin He
- School of Applied Physics and Materials, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, PR China; Jiangmen Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Functional Materials and Devices, Jiangmen 529020, PR China.
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13
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Niu H, Li H, Zhang Q, Kim ES, Kim NY, Li Y. Intuition-and-Tactile Bimodal Sensing Based on Artificial-Intelligence-Motivated All-Fabric Bionic Electronic Skin for Intelligent Material Perception. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2308127. [PMID: 38009787 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202308127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Developing electronic skins (e-skins) with extraordinary perception through bionic strategies has far-reaching significance for the intellectualization of robot skins. Here, an artificial intelligence (AI)-motivated all-fabric bionic (AFB) e-skin is proposed, where the overall structure is inspired by the interlocked bionics of the epidermis-dermis interface inside the skin, while the structural design inspiration of the dielectric layer derives from the branch-needle structure of conifers. More importantly, AFB e-skin achieves intuition sensing in proximity mode and tactile sensing in pressure mode based on the fringing and iontronic effects, respectively, and is simulated and verified through COMSOL finite element analysis. The proposed AFB e-skin in pressure mode exhibits maximum sensitivity of 15.06 kPa-1 (<50 kPa), linear sensitivity of 6.06 kPa-1 (50-200 kPa), and fast response/recovery time of 5.6 ms (40 kPa). By integrating AFB e-skin with AI algorithm, and with the support of material inference mechanisms based on dielectric constant and softness/hardness, an intelligent material perception system capable of recognizing nine materials with indistinguishable surfaces within one proximity-pressure cycle is established, demonstrating abilities that surpass human perception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongsen Niu
- School of Microelectronics, Shandong University, Jinan, 250101, China
- RFIC Centre, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, 01897, South Korea
| | - Hao Li
- School of Microelectronics, Shandong University, Jinan, 250101, China
| | - Qichong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Smart Systems, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Eun-Seong Kim
- RFIC Centre, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, 01897, South Korea
| | - Nam-Young Kim
- RFIC Centre, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, 01897, South Korea
| | - Yang Li
- School of Microelectronics, Shandong University, Jinan, 250101, China
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14
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Dutta A, Niu Z, Abdullah AM, Tiwari N, Biswas MAS, Li B, Lorestani F, Jing Y, Cheng H, Zhang S. Closely Packed Stretchable Ultrasound Array Fabricated with Surface Charge Engineering for Contactless Gesture and Materials Detection. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2303403. [PMID: 38348559 PMCID: PMC11022739 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202303403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Communication with hand gestures plays a significant role in human-computer interaction by providing an intuitive and natural way for humans to communicate with machines. Ultrasound-based devices have shown promising results in contactless hand gesture recognition without requiring physical contact. However, it is challenging to fabricate a densely packed wearable ultrasound array. Here, a stretchable ultrasound array is demonstrated with closely packed transducer elements fabricated using surface charge engineering between pre-charged 1-3 Lead Zirconate Titanate (PZT) composite and thin polyimide film without using a microscope. The array exhibits excellent ultrasound properties with a wide bandwidth (≈57.1%) and high electromechanical coefficient (≈0.75). The ultrasound array can decipher gestures up to 10 cm in distance by using a contactless triboelectric module and identify materials from the time constant of the exponentially decaying impedance based on their triboelectric properties by utilizing the electrostatic induction phase. The newly proposed metric of the areal-time constant is material-specific and decreases monotonically from a highly positive human body (1.13 m2 s) to negatively charged polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) (0.02 m2 s) in the triboelectric series. The capability of the closely packed ultrasound array to detect material along with hand gesture interpretation provides an additional dimension in the next-generation human-robot interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankan Dutta
- Department of Engineering Science and MechanicsThe Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkState CollegePA16802USA
- Center for Neural EngineeringThe Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkState CollegePA16802USA
| | - Zhenyuan Niu
- Department of Engineering Science and MechanicsThe Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkState CollegePA16802USA
| | - Abu Musa Abdullah
- Department of Engineering Science and MechanicsThe Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkState CollegePA16802USA
| | - Naveen Tiwari
- Department of Engineering Science and MechanicsThe Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkState CollegePA16802USA
- Center for Research in Biological Chemistry and Molecular Materials (CiQUS)University of Santiago de CompostelaSantiago de Compostela15705Spain
| | - Md Abu Sayeed Biswas
- Department of Engineering Science and MechanicsThe Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkState CollegePA16802USA
| | - Bowen Li
- Department of Engineering Science and MechanicsThe Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkState CollegePA16802USA
| | - Farnaz Lorestani
- Department of Engineering Science and MechanicsThe Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkState CollegePA16802USA
| | - Yun Jing
- Graduate Program in AcousticsThe Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkState CollegePA16802USA
| | - Huanyu Cheng
- Department of Engineering Science and MechanicsThe Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkState CollegePA16802USA
| | - Senhao Zhang
- Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and TechnologyUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaSchool of Biomedical Engineering165085, 88 Keling Rd, Huqiu DistrictSuzhouJiangsu215163China
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15
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Shi Y, Shen G. Haptic Sensing and Feedback Techniques toward Virtual Reality. RESEARCH (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2024; 7:0333. [PMID: 38533183 PMCID: PMC10964227 DOI: 10.34133/research.0333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Haptic interactions between human and machines are essential for information acquisition and object manipulation. In virtual reality (VR) system, the haptic sensing device can gather information to construct virtual elements, while the haptic feedback part can transfer feedbacks to human with virtual tactile sensation. Therefore, exploring high-performance haptic sensing and feedback interface imparts closed-loop haptic interaction to VR system. This review summarizes state-of-the-art VR-related haptic sensing and feedback techniques based on the hardware parts. For the haptic sensor, we focus on mechanism scope (piezoresistive, capacitive, piezoelectric, and triboelectric) and introduce force sensor, gesture translation, and touch identification in the functional view. In terms of the haptic feedbacks, methodologies including mechanical, electrical, and elastic actuators are surveyed. In addition, the interactive application of virtual control, immersive entertainment, and medical rehabilitation is also summarized. The challenges of virtual haptic interactions are given including the accuracy, durability, and technical conflicts of the sensing devices, bottlenecks of various feedbacks, as well as the closed-loop interaction system. Besides, the prospects are outlined in artificial intelligence of things, wise information technology of medicine, and multimedia VR areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiang Shi
- School of Integrated Circuits and Electronics,
Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
- Institute of Flexible Electronics,
Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Guozhen Shen
- School of Integrated Circuits and Electronics,
Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
- Institute of Flexible Electronics,
Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, China
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16
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He X, Cui Z, Zhang F, Li Y, Tu J, Cao J, Wang J, Qiao Y, Xi P, Xu T, Chen X, Zhang X. Multiscale Heterogeneities-Based Piezoresistive Interfaces with Ultralow Detection Limitation and Adaptively Switchable Pressure Detectability. ACS NANO 2024; 18:8296-8306. [PMID: 38452476 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c12513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Mechanical compliance and electrical enhancement are crucial for pressure sensors to promote performances when perceiving external stimuli. Here we propose a bioinspired multiscale heterogeneity-based interface to adaptively regulate its structure layout and switch to desirable piezoresistive behaviors with ultralow detection limitation. In such a multiscale heterogeneities system, the micro-/nanoscale spiny Ag-MnO2 heterostructure contributes to an ultralow detection limitation of 0.008 Pa and can perceive minor pressure increments under preloads with high resolution (0.0083%). The macroscale heterogeneous orientation of the cellular backbone enables anisotropic deformation, allowing the sensor to switch to rational sensitivity and working range (e.g., 580 kPa-1 for 0-20 kPa/54 kPa-1 for 60-140 kPa) as required. The sensor's stepwise activation progresses from the micro-/nanoscale heterostructure to the macroscale heterogeneous orientation, which can adaptively match diverse sensing tasks in complex applications scenarios. This multiscale heterogeneous and switchable design holds immense potential in the development of intelligent electromechanical devices, including wearable sensors, soft robotics, and smart actuators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuecheng He
- The Institute for Advanced Study (IAS), Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China
- Research Center for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
- Innovative Centre for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - Zequn Cui
- Innovative Centre for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - Feilong Zhang
- Innovative Centre for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - Yanzhen Li
- Innovative Centre for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - Jiaqi Tu
- Innovative Centre for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - Jinwei Cao
- Innovative Centre for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - Jianwu Wang
- Innovative Centre for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - Yuchun Qiao
- Research Center for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
| | - Pengxu Xi
- Research Center for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
| | - Tailin Xu
- The Institute for Advanced Study (IAS), Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China
| | - Xiaodong Chen
- Innovative Centre for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - Xueji Zhang
- The Institute for Advanced Study (IAS), Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China
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17
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Lin Z, Duan S, Liu M, Dang C, Qian S, Zhang L, Wang H, Yan W, Zhu M. Insights into Materials, Physics, and Applications in Flexible and Wearable Acoustic Sensing Technology. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2306880. [PMID: 38015990 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202306880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Sound plays a crucial role in the perception of the world. It allows to communicate, learn, and detect potential dangers, diagnose diseases, and much more. However, traditional acoustic sensors are limited in their form factors, being rigid and cumbersome, which restricts their potential applications. Recently, acoustic sensors have made significant advancements, transitioning from rudimentary forms to wearable devices and smart everyday clothing that can conform to soft, curved, and deformable surfaces or surroundings. In this review, the latest scientific and technological breakthroughs with insightful analysis in materials, physics, design principles, fabrication strategies, functions, and applications of flexible and wearable acoustic sensing technology are comprehensively explored. The new generation of acoustic sensors that can recognize voice, interact with machines, control robots, enable marine positioning and localization, monitor structural health, diagnose human vital signs in deep tissues, and perform organ imaging is highlighted. These innovations offer unique solutions to significant challenges in fields such as healthcare, biomedicine, wearables, robotics, and metaverse. Finally, the existing challenges and future opportunities in the field are addressed, providing strategies to advance acoustic sensing technologies for intriguing real-world applications and inspire new research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Shengshun Duan
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Mingyang Liu
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Chao Dang
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Shengtai Qian
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Luxue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Hailiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Wei Yan
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Meifang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
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18
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Li Y, Lei X, Guo D, Zhao Y, Zeng Z, Yi L, Li P, Liu F, Ren TL. Laser-Induced Skin-like Flexible Pressure Sensor for Artificial Intelligence Speech Recognition. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:10380-10388. [PMID: 38356188 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c15844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Skin-like flexible pressure sensors with good sensing performance have great application potential, but their development is limited owing to the need for multistep, high-cost, and low-efficiency preparation processes. Herein, a simple, low-cost, and efficient laser-induced forming process is proposed for the first time to prepare a skin-like flexible piezoresistive sensor. In the laser-induced forming process, based on the photothermal effect of graphene and the foaming effect of glucose, a skin-like polydimethylsiloxanes (PDMS) film with porous structures and surface protrusions is obtained by using infrared laser irradiation of the glucose/graphene/PDMS prepolymer film. Further, based on the skin-like PDMS film with a graphene conductive layer, a new skin-like flexible piezoresistive sensor is obtained. Due to the stress concentration caused by the surface protrusions and the low stiffness caused by the porous structures, the flexible piezoresistive sensor realizes an ultrahigh sensitivity of 1348 kPa-1 at 0-2 kPa, a wide range of 200 kPa, a fast response/recovery time of 52 ms/35 ms, and good stability over 5000 cycles. The application of the sensor to the detection of human pulses and robot clamping force indicates its potential for health monitoring and soft robots. Furthermore, in combination with the neural network (CNN) algorithm in artificial intelligence technology, the sensor achieves 95% accuracy in speech recognition, which demonstrates its great potential for intelligent wearable electronics. Especially, the laser-induced forming process is expected to facilitate the efficient, large-scale preparation of flexible devices with multilevel structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfan Li
- School of Power and Mechanical Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Xiao Lei
- School of Power and Mechanical Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Dingyi Guo
- School of Power and Mechanical Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Yilin Zhao
- School of Power and Mechanical Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Ziran Zeng
- School of Power and Mechanical Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Longju Yi
- School of Power and Mechanical Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Peilong Li
- School of Power and Mechanical Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Feng Liu
- School of Power and Mechanical Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Tian-Ling Ren
- Institute of Microelectronics and Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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19
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Chen Z, Qu C, Yao J, Zhang Y, Xu Y. Two-Stage Micropyramids Enhanced Flexible Piezoresistive Sensor for Health Monitoring and Human-Computer Interaction. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:7640-7649. [PMID: 38303602 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c18788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
High-performance flexible piezoresistive sensors are becoming increasingly essential in various novel applications such as health monitoring, soft robotics, and human-computer interaction. The evolution of the interfacial contact morphology determines the sensing properties of piezoresistive devices. The introduction of microstructures enriches the interfacial contact morphology and effectively boosts the sensitivity; however, the limited compressibility of conventional microstructures leads to rapid saturation of the sensitivity in the low-pressure range, which hinders their application. Herein, we present a flexible piezoresistive sensor featuring a two-stage micropyramid array structure, which effectively enhances the sensitivity while widening the sensing range. Owing to the synergistic enhancement effect resulting from the sequential contact of micropyramids of various heights, the devices demonstrate remarkable performance, including boosting sensitivity (30.8 kPa-1) over a wide sensing range (up to 200 kPa), a fast response/recovery time (75/50 ms), and an ultralong durability of 15,000 loading-unloading cycles. As a proof of concept, the sensor is applied to detect human physiological and motion signals, further demonstrating a real-time spatial pressure distribution sensing system and a game control system, showing great potential for applications in health monitoring and human-computer interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihao Chen
- Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Inorganic Stretchable and Flexible Information Technology, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Changming Qu
- Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Inorganic Stretchable and Flexible Information Technology, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jingjing Yao
- Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Inorganic Stretchable and Flexible Information Technology, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yuanlong Zhang
- Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Inorganic Stretchable and Flexible Information Technology, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yun Xu
- Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Inorganic Stretchable and Flexible Information Technology, Beijing 100083, China
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20
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Zhang H, Chen X, Liu Y, Yang C, Liu W, Qi M, Zhang D. PDMS Film-Based Flexible Pressure Sensor Array with Surface Protruding Structure for Human Motion Detection and Wrist Posture Recognition. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:2554-2563. [PMID: 38166372 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c14036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
Flexible pressure sensors have been widely concerned because of their great application potential in the fields of electronic skin, human-computer interaction, health detection, and so on. In this paper, a flexible pressure sensor is designed, with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) films with protruding structure as elastic substrate and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS)/cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) as conductive-sensitive material. The flexible pressure sensor has a wide linear detection range (0-100 kPa), outstanding sensitivity (2.32 kPa-1), and stability of more than 2000 cycles. The sensor has been proven to be able to detect a wide range of human movements (finger bending, elbow bending, etc.) and small movements (breathing, pulse, etc.). In addition, the pressure sensor array can detect the pressure distribution and judge the shape of the object. A smart wristband equipped with four flexible pressure sensors is designed. Among them, the k-nearest neighbor (KNN) algorithm is used to classify sensor data to achieve high accuracy (99.52%) recognition of seven kinds of wrist posture. This work provides a new opportunity to fabricate simple, flexible pressure sensors with potential applications in the next-generation electronic skin, health detection, and intelligent robotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- College of Control Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Xiaoya Chen
- College of Control Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Yan Liu
- China Automotive Engineering Research Institute Co., Ltd., Chongqing 401122, China
| | - Chunqing Yang
- College of Control Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Wenzhe Liu
- College of Control Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Mingyu Qi
- College of Control Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Dongzhi Zhang
- College of Control Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
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21
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Tang G, Zhao X, Ji Y, Mei D, Zhao C, Tang Z, Ru J, Li L, Wang Y. Performance Optimization of Ionic Polymer Sensors through Characteristic Regulation of Chemically Prepared Interfacial Electrodes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:1837-1845. [PMID: 38114422 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c14918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Ionic polymer sensors (IPSs) have broad application prospects in health monitoring, environmental perception, and human-computer interaction. The performance of IPSs with chemically prepared electrodes is generally superior to that with physically prepared electrodes due to the area difference of the electric double layer (EDL), but the effects of the electrode characteristics prepared by chemical methods on the performance of IPSs have not been revealed. Therefore, in this paper, we studied the impact of the characteristics of chemically prepared electrodes on the performance of IPSs and realized the performance optimization of IPSs through electrode characteristic regulation. By controlling the matrix surface roughening, immersion reduction plating (IRP) cycles, and electroplating (EP) time, the sensing performances of IPS samples with different electrode interface roughnesses, electrode penetration depths, and surface resistances were investigated, respectively. The experimental results indicated that the response voltage of the IPS can be improved by increasing the electrode interface roughness and the electrode penetration depth and reducing the surface resistance. In addition, we have proven that the sensing performance of the IPS is determined by its intrinsic capacitance characteristics. Through coupling electrode characteristic regulations such as roughening and increasing IRP cycles and EP time, a high-performance IPS was obtained, and its response amplitude was improved by 237.8%. The obtained high-performance sensor has been applied in human motion detection, which has good potential to develop wearable devices with high stability for physiological activity monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gangqiang Tang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Special Robot Technology, Hohai University, Changzhou Campus, Changzhou 213022, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Special Robot Technology, Hohai University, Changzhou Campus, Changzhou 213022, China
| | - Yujun Ji
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Special Robot Technology, Hohai University, Changzhou Campus, Changzhou 213022, China
| | - Dong Mei
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Special Robot Technology, Hohai University, Changzhou Campus, Changzhou 213022, China
| | - Chun Zhao
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Special Robot Technology, Hohai University, Changzhou Campus, Changzhou 213022, China
| | - Zirong Tang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Special Robot Technology, Hohai University, Changzhou Campus, Changzhou 213022, China
| | - Jie Ru
- Key Laboratory of Green and Precise Synthetic Chemistry and Applications, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei 235000, China
| | - Lijie Li
- College of Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea SA1 8EN, U.K
| | - Yanjie Wang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Special Robot Technology, Hohai University, Changzhou Campus, Changzhou 213022, China
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22
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Chen J, Chen K, Jin J, Wu K, Wang Y, Zhang J, Liu G, Sun J. Outstanding Synergy of Sensitivity and Linear Range Enabled by Multigradient Architectures. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:11958-11967. [PMID: 38090798 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c04204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Flexible pressure sensors are devices that mimic the sensory capabilities of natural human skin and enable robots to perceive external stimuli. One of the main challenges is maintaining high sensitivity over a broad linear pressure range due to poor structural compressibility. Here, we report a flexible pressure sensor with an ultrahigh sensitivity of 153.3 kPa-1 and linear response over an unprecedentedly broad pressure range from 0.0005 to 1300 kPa based on interdigital-shaped, multigradient architectures, featuring modulus, conductivity, and microstructure gradients. Such multigradient architectures and interdigital-shaped configurations enable effective stress transfer and conductivity regulation, evading the pressure sensitivity-linear range trade-off dilemma. Together with high pressure resolution, high frequency response, and good reproducibility over the ultrabroad linear range, proof-of-concept applications such as acoustic wave detection, high-resolution pressure measurement, and healthcare monitoring in diverse scenarios are demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaorui Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P.R. China
| | - Kai Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P.R. China
| | - Jiaqi Jin
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P.R. China
| | - Kai Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P.R. China
| | - Yaqiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P.R. China
| | - Jinyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P.R. China
| | - Gang Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P.R. China
| | - Jun Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P.R. China
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23
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Zhang H, Zhang Y. Rational Design of Flexible Mechanical Force Sensors for Healthcare and Diagnosis. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 17:123. [PMID: 38203977 PMCID: PMC10780056 DOI: 10.3390/ma17010123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Over the past decade, there has been a significant surge in interest in flexible mechanical force sensing devices and systems. Tremendous efforts have been devoted to the development of flexible mechanical force sensors for daily healthcare and medical diagnosis, driven by the increasing demand for wearable/portable devices in long-term healthcare and precision medicine. In this review, we summarize recent advances in diverse categories of flexible mechanical force sensors, covering piezoresistive, capacitive, piezoelectric, triboelectric, magnetoelastic, and other force sensors. This review focuses on their working principles, design strategies and applications in healthcare and diagnosis, with an emphasis on the interplay among the sensor architecture, performance, and application scenario. Finally, we provide perspectives on the remaining challenges and opportunities in this field, with particular discussions on problem-driven force sensor designs, as well as developments of novel sensor architectures and intelligent mechanical force sensing systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore;
| | - Yihui Zhang
- Applied Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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24
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Choi SG, Kang SH, Lee JY, Park JH, Kang SK. Recent advances in wearable iontronic sensors for healthcare applications. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1335188. [PMID: 38162187 PMCID: PMC10757853 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1335188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Iontronic sensors have garnered significant attention as wearable sensors due to their exceptional mechanical performance and the ability to maintain electrical performance under various mechanical stimuli. Iontronic sensors can respond to stimuli like mechanical stimuli, humidity, and temperature, which has led to exploration of their potential as versatile sensors. Here, a comprehensive review of the recent researches and developments on several types of iontronic sensors (e.g., pressure, strain, humidity, temperature, and multi-modal sensors), in terms of their sensing principles, constituent materials, and their healthcare-related applications is provided. The strategies for improving the sensing performance and environmental stability of iontronic sensors through various innovative ionic materials and structural designs are reviewed. This review also provides the healthcare applications of iontronic sensors that have gained increased feasibility and broader applicability due to the improved sensing performance. Lastly, outlook section discusses the current challenges and the future direction in terms of the applicability of the iontronic sensors to the healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Geun Choi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Hun Kang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Yong Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo-Hyeon Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Kyun Kang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Advanced Materials (RIAM), Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Nano Systems Institute SOFT Foundry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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25
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Yuan YM, Liu B, Adibeig MR, Xue Q, Qin C, Sun QY, Jin Y, Wang M, Yang C. Microstructured Polyelectrolyte Elastomer-Based Ionotronic Sensors with High Sensitivities and Excellent Stability for Artificial Skins. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023:e2310429. [PMID: 38095237 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202310429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
High-performance flexible pressure sensors are highly demanded for artificial tactile sensing. Using ionic conductors as the dielectric layer has enabled ionotronic pressure sensors with high sensitivities owing to giant capacitance of the electric double layer (EDL) formed at the ionic conductor/electronic conductor interface. However, conventional ionotronic sensors suffer from leakage, which greatly hinders long-term stability and practical applications. Herein, a leakage-free polyelectrolyte elastomer as the dielectric layer for ionotronic sensors is synthesized. The mechanical and electrical properties of the polyelectrolyte elastomer are optimized, a micropyramid array is constructed, and it is used as the dielectric layer for an ionotronic pressure sensor with marked performances. The obtained sensor exhibits a sensitivity of 69.6 kPa-1 , a high upper detecting limit on the order of 1 MPa, a fast response/recovery speed of ≈6 ms, and excellent stability under both static and dynamic loads. Notably, the sensor retains a high sensitivity of 4.96 kPa-1 at 500 kPa, and its broad sensing range within high-pressure realm enables a brand-new coding strategy. The applications of the sensor as a wearable keyboard and a quasicontinuous controller for a robotic arm are demonstrated. Durable and highly sensitive ionotronic sensors potentialize high-performance artificial skins for soft robots, human-machine interfaces, and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ming Yuan
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Soft Mechanics & Smart Manufacturing, Department of Mechanics and Aerospace Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Binhong Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Soft Mechanics & Smart Manufacturing, Department of Mechanics and Aerospace Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Mohammad Reza Adibeig
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Soft Mechanics & Smart Manufacturing, Department of Mechanics and Aerospace Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Qiqi Xue
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Soft Mechanics & Smart Manufacturing, Department of Mechanics and Aerospace Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Chu Qin
- School of Microelectronics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Qing-Yin Sun
- School of Microelectronics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Ying Jin
- School of Microelectronics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Min Wang
- School of Microelectronics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
- Engineering Research Center of Integrated Circuits for Next-Generation Communications, Ministry of Education, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Canhui Yang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Soft Mechanics & Smart Manufacturing, Department of Mechanics and Aerospace Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
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26
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Qu X, Xie R, Zhou Z, Zhang T, Guan M, Chen S, Wang H. Highly Sensitive Capacitive Fiber Pressure Sensors Enabled by Electrode and Dielectric Layer Regulation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:54966-54976. [PMID: 37967359 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c13714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Capacitive pressure sensors play an important role in the field of flexible electronics. Despite significant advances in two-dimensional (2D) soft pressure sensors, one-dimensional (1D) fiber electronics are still struggling. Due to differences in structure, the theoretical research of 2D sensors has difficulty guiding the design of 1D sensors. The multiple response factors of 1D sensors and the capacitive response mechanism have not been explored. Fiber sensors urgently need a tailor-made theoretical research and development path. In this regard, we established a fiber pressure-sensing platform using a coaxial wet spinning process. Aiming at the two problems of the soft electrode modulus and dielectric layer thickness, the conclusions are drawn from three aspects: model analysis, experimental verification, and formula derivation. It makes up some theoretical blanks of capacitive fiber pressure sensors. Through the self-regulation of these two factors without a complex structural design, the sensitivity can be significantly improved. This provides a great reference for the design and development of fiber pressure sensors. Besides, taking advantage of the scalability and easy integration of 1D electronics, multipoint sensors prepared by fibers have verified their application potential in health monitoring, human-machine interface, and motion behavior analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyang Qu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, PR China
| | - Ruimin Xie
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, PR China
| | - Zhou Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, PR China
| | - Tao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, PR China
| | - Mengyao Guan
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, PR China
| | - Shiyan Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, PR China
| | - Huaping Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, PR China
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27
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Xu K, Li Q, Lu Y, Luo H, Jian Y, Li D, Kong D, Wang R, Tan J, Cai Z, Yang G, Zhu B, Ye Q, Yang H, Li T. Laser Direct Writing of Flexible Thermal Flow Sensors. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:10317-10325. [PMID: 37937967 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c02891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Thin film-based thermal flow sensors afford applications in healthcare and industries owing to their merits in preserving initial flow distributions. However, traditional thermal flow sensors are primarily applied to track flow intensities based on hot-wire or hot-film sensing mechanisms due to their relatively facile device configurations and fabrication strategies. Herein, a calorimetric thermal flow sensor is proposed based on laser direct writing to form laser-induced graphene as heaters and temperature sensors, resulting in monitoring both flow intensities and orientations. Via homogeneously surrounding spiral heaters with multiple temperature sensors, the device exhibits high sensitivity (∼162 K·s/m) at small flows with an extended flow detection range (∼25 m/s). Integrating the device with a data-acquisition board and a dual-mode graphical user interface enables wirelessly and dynamically monitoring respiration and the motion of robotic arms. This versatile flow sensor with facile manufacturing affords potentials in health inspection, remote monitoring, and studying hydrodynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaichen Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Qi'ao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Yuyao Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Huayu Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Yihui Jian
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Dingwei Li
- Key Laboratory of 3D Micro/Nano Fabrication and Characterization of Zhejiang Province, School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang, China
| | - Depeng Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Ruohan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Jibing Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Zimo Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Geng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Bowen Zhu
- Key Laboratory of 3D Micro/Nano Fabrication and Characterization of Zhejiang Province, School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qingqing Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Department of Mechanics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Huayong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Tiefeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- Center for X-Mechanics, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Zhejiang University, 310027 Hangzhou, China
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28
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Wu S, Yang C, Hu J, Pan M, Meng W, Liu Y, Li P, Peng J, Zhang Q, Chen P, Wang H. Normal-Direction Graded Hemispheres for Ionic Flexible Sensors with a Record-High Linearity in a Wide Working Range. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:47733-47744. [PMID: 37782111 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c09580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Flexible pressure sensors developed rapidly with increased sensitivity, a fast response time, high stability, and excellent deformability. These progresses have expanded the application of wearable electronics under high-pressure backgrounds while also bringing new challenges. In particular, the nonlinearity and narrow working range lead to a gradually insensitive response, principally because the microstructure deforms inconsistently on the device interfaces in the whole working range. Herein, we report an ionic flexible sensor with a record-high linearity (R2 = 0.99994) in a wide working range (up to 600 kPa). The linearity response comes from the normal-direction graded hemisphere (GH) microstructure. It is prepared from poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS)/carbon nanotubes (CNTs)/Au into flexible and deformable electrodes, and its geometry is precisely designed from the linear elastic theory and optimized through finite element simulation. The sensor can achieve a high sensitivity of S = 165.5 kPa-1, a response-relaxation time of <30 ms, and superb consistency, allowing the device to detect vibration signals. Our sensor has been assembled with circuits and capsulation in order to monitor the function state of players in underwater sports in the frequency domain. This work deepens the theory of linearized design of microstructures and provides a strategy to make flexible pressure sensors that have combined the performances of ultrahigh linearity, high sensitivity, and a wide working range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaowei Wu
- College of Intelligence Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology (NUDT), Deya Road 109, Changsha 410073, China
| | - Chengxiu Yang
- College of Intelligence Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology (NUDT), Deya Road 109, Changsha 410073, China
| | - Jiafei Hu
- College of Intelligence Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology (NUDT), Deya Road 109, Changsha 410073, China
| | - Mengchun Pan
- College of Intelligence Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology (NUDT), Deya Road 109, Changsha 410073, China
| | - Weize Meng
- State Key Laboratory of CEMEE, College of Electronic Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Deya Road 109, Changsha 410073, China
| | - Yan Liu
- College of Intelligence Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology (NUDT), Deya Road 109, Changsha 410073, China
| | - Peisen Li
- College of Intelligence Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology (NUDT), Deya Road 109, Changsha 410073, China
| | - Junping Peng
- College of Intelligence Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology (NUDT), Deya Road 109, Changsha 410073, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- College of Intelligence Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology (NUDT), Deya Road 109, Changsha 410073, China
| | - Pengteng Chen
- College of Intelligence Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology (NUDT), Deya Road 109, Changsha 410073, China
| | - Haomiao Wang
- College of Intelligence Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology (NUDT), Deya Road 109, Changsha 410073, China
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29
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Hong W, Guo X, Zhang T, Zhang A, Yan Z, Zhang X, Li X, Guan Y, Liao D, Lu H, Liu H, Hu J, Niu Y, Hong Q, Zhao Y. Flexible Capacitive Pressure Sensor with High Sensitivity and Wide Range Based on a Cheetah Leg Structure via 3D Printing. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:46347-46356. [PMID: 37733928 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c09841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Flexible pressure sensors can be used in human-computer interaction and wearable electronic devices, but one main challenge is to fabricate capacitive sensors with a wide pressure range and high sensitivity. Here, we designed a capacitive pressure sensor based on a bionic cheetah leg microstructure, validated the benefits of the bionic microstructure design, and optimized the structural feature parameters using 3D printing technology. The pressure sensor inspired by the cheetah leg shape has a high sensitivity (0.75 kPa-1), a wide linear sensing range (0-280 kPa), a fast response time of roughly 80 ms, and outstanding durability (24,000 cycles). Furthermore, the sensor can recognize a finger-operated mouse, monitor human motion, and transmit Morse code information. This work demonstrates that bionic capacitive pressure sensors hold considerable promise for use in wearable devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqiang Hong
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing and Signal Processing of Ministry of Education, School of Integrated Circuits, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of High-Performance Precision Manufacturing, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Technology and System of Liaoning Province, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohui Guo
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing and Signal Processing of Ministry of Education, School of Integrated Circuits, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P. R. China
| | - Tianxu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing and Signal Processing of Ministry of Education, School of Integrated Circuits, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P. R. China
| | - Anqi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing and Signal Processing of Ministry of Education, School of Integrated Circuits, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P. R. China
| | - Zihao Yan
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing and Signal Processing of Ministry of Education, School of Integrated Circuits, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P. R. China
| | - Xinyi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing and Signal Processing of Ministry of Education, School of Integrated Circuits, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P. R. China
| | - Xianghui Li
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing and Signal Processing of Ministry of Education, School of Integrated Circuits, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P. R. China
| | - Yuxin Guan
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing and Signal Processing of Ministry of Education, School of Integrated Circuits, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P. R. China
| | - Dongzhi Liao
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing and Signal Processing of Ministry of Education, School of Integrated Circuits, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P. R. China
| | - Haochen Lu
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing and Signal Processing of Ministry of Education, School of Integrated Circuits, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P. R. China
| | - Hanyu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing and Signal Processing of Ministry of Education, School of Integrated Circuits, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P. R. China
| | - Jiangtao Hu
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing and Signal Processing of Ministry of Education, School of Integrated Circuits, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P. R. China
| | - Yongzheng Niu
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing and Signal Processing of Ministry of Education, School of Integrated Circuits, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P. R. China
| | - Qi Hong
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing and Signal Processing of Ministry of Education, School of Integrated Circuits, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P. R. China
| | - Yunong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing and Signal Processing of Ministry of Education, School of Integrated Circuits, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P. R. China
- School of Integrated Circuits, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
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Zou J, Qiao Y, Zhao J, Duan Z, Yu J, Jing Y, He J, Zhang L, Chou X, Mu J. Hybrid Pressure Sensor Based on Carbon Nano-Onions and Hierarchical Microstructures with Synergistic Enhancement Mechanism for Multi-Parameter Sleep Monitoring. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2692. [PMID: 37836333 PMCID: PMC10574041 DOI: 10.3390/nano13192692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
With the existing pressure sensors, it is difficult to achieve the unification of wide pressure response range and high sensitivity. Furthermore, the preparation of pressure sensors with excellent performance for sleep health monitoring has become a research difficulty. In this paper, based on material and microstructure synergistic enhancement mechanism, a hybrid pressure sensor (HPS) integrating triboelectric pressure sensor (TPS) and piezoelectric pressure sensor (PPS) is proposed. For the TPS, a simple, low-cost, and structurally controllable microstructure preparation method is proposed in order to investigate the effect of carbon nano-onions (CNOs) and hierarchical composite microstructures on the electrical properties of CNOs@Ecoflex. The PPS is used to broaden the pressure response range and reduce the pressure detection limit of HPS. It has been experimentally demonstrated that the HPS has a high sensitivity of 2.46 V/104 Pa (50-600 kPa) and a wide response range of up to 1200 kPa. Moreover, the HPS has a low detection limit (10 kPa), a high stability (over 100,000 cycles), and a fast response time. The sleep monitoring system constructed based on HPS shows remarkable performance in breathing state recognition and sleeping posture supervisory control, which will exhibit enormous potential in areas such as sleep health monitoring and potential disease prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zou
- Science and Technology on Electronic Test and Measurement Laboratory, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China; (J.Z.); (J.Z.); (Z.D.); (J.Y.); (Y.J.); (J.H.); (L.Z.); (X.C.)
| | - Yina Qiao
- School of Environment and Safety Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China;
| | - Juanhong Zhao
- Science and Technology on Electronic Test and Measurement Laboratory, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China; (J.Z.); (J.Z.); (Z.D.); (J.Y.); (Y.J.); (J.H.); (L.Z.); (X.C.)
| | - Zhigang Duan
- Science and Technology on Electronic Test and Measurement Laboratory, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China; (J.Z.); (J.Z.); (Z.D.); (J.Y.); (Y.J.); (J.H.); (L.Z.); (X.C.)
| | - Junbin Yu
- Science and Technology on Electronic Test and Measurement Laboratory, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China; (J.Z.); (J.Z.); (Z.D.); (J.Y.); (Y.J.); (J.H.); (L.Z.); (X.C.)
| | - Yu Jing
- Science and Technology on Electronic Test and Measurement Laboratory, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China; (J.Z.); (J.Z.); (Z.D.); (J.Y.); (Y.J.); (J.H.); (L.Z.); (X.C.)
| | - Jian He
- Science and Technology on Electronic Test and Measurement Laboratory, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China; (J.Z.); (J.Z.); (Z.D.); (J.Y.); (Y.J.); (J.H.); (L.Z.); (X.C.)
| | - Le Zhang
- Science and Technology on Electronic Test and Measurement Laboratory, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China; (J.Z.); (J.Z.); (Z.D.); (J.Y.); (Y.J.); (J.H.); (L.Z.); (X.C.)
| | - Xiujian Chou
- Science and Technology on Electronic Test and Measurement Laboratory, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China; (J.Z.); (J.Z.); (Z.D.); (J.Y.); (Y.J.); (J.H.); (L.Z.); (X.C.)
| | - Jiliang Mu
- Science and Technology on Electronic Test and Measurement Laboratory, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China; (J.Z.); (J.Z.); (Z.D.); (J.Y.); (Y.J.); (J.H.); (L.Z.); (X.C.)
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Wang S, Wang X, Wang Q, Ma S, Xiao J, Liu H, Pan J, Zhang Z, Zhang L. Flexible Optoelectronic Multimodal Proximity/Pressure/Temperature Sensors with Low Signal Interference. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023:e2304701. [PMID: 37532248 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202304701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Multimodal tactile sensors are a crucial part of intelligent human-machine interaction and collaboration. Simultaneous detection of proximity, pressure, and temperature on a single sensor can greatly promote the safety, interactivity, and compactness of interaction systems. However, severe signal interference and complex decoupling algorithms hinder the actual applications. Here, this work reports a flexible optoelectronic multimodal sensor capable of detecting and decoupling proximity/pressure/temperature by integrating a light waveguide and an interdigital electrode (IDE) into a compact fibrous sensor. Negligible signal interference is realized by combining heterogeneous sensing mechanisms of optics and electronics, which encodes proximity into capacitance, pressure into light intensity and temperature into resistance. The sensor exhibits a large sensing distance of 225 mm with fast responses for proximity detection, a pressure sensitivity of 0.42 N-1 , and a temperature sensitivity of 7% °C-1 . As a proof of concept, a doll equipped with the sensor can accurately discriminate and detect various stimuli, thus achieving safe and immersive interactions with the user. This work opens up promising paths for self-decoupled multimodal sensors and related human/machine/environment interaction applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Wang
- Research Center for Humanoid Sensing, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou, 311100, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- Research Center for Humanoid Sensing, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou, 311100, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Research Center for Humanoid Sensing, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou, 311100, China
| | - Shuqi Ma
- Research Center for Humanoid Sensing, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou, 311100, China
| | - Jianliang Xiao
- Research Center for Humanoid Sensing, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou, 311100, China
| | - Haitao Liu
- Research Center for Humanoid Sensing, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou, 311100, China
| | - Jing Pan
- Research Center for Humanoid Sensing, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou, 311100, China
| | - Zhang Zhang
- Research Center for Humanoid Sensing, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou, 311100, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Research Center for Humanoid Sensing, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou, 311100, China
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
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Xu J, Sun X, Sun B, Zhu H, Fan X, Guo Q, Li Y, Zhu Z, Qian K. Stretchable, Adhesive, and Bioinspired Visual Electronic Skin with Strain/Temperature/Pressure Multimodal Non-Interference Sensing. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023. [PMID: 37424086 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c07857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
It is highly desirable to construct a single-multimodal sensor that could synchronously perceive multiple stimuli without interference. Here, we propose an adhesive multifunctional chromotropic electronic skin (MCES) that can respond to and distinguish three different stimuli of stain, temperature, and pressure within the two-terminal sensing unit. The mutually discriminating "three-in-one" device converts strain into capacitance and pressure into voltage signals for a tactile stimulus response and produces visual color changes against temperature. In this MCES system, the interdigital capacitor sensor shows high linearity (R2 = 0.998), and temperature sensing is realized via reversible multicolor switching bioinspired by the chameleon, showing attractive potential in visualization interaction. Notably, the energy-harvesting triboelectric nanogenerator in MCES can not only detect pressure incentive but also identify objective material species. Looking forward, these findings promise for multimodal sensor technology with reduced complexity and production costs that are highly anticipated in soft robotics, prosthetics, and human-machine interaction applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xu
- School of Microelectronics, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Shandong University, Shenzhen 518057, China
- Suzhou Research Institute of Shandong University, Suzhou 215123, China
- Lu'an Branch, Anhui Institute of Innovation for Industrial Technology, Lu'an 237100, China
| | - Xin Sun
- School of Microelectronics, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Bowen Sun
- School of Microelectronics, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - He Zhu
- School of Microelectronics, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Xiaoli Fan
- School of Microelectronics, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Qikai Guo
- School of Microelectronics, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Yang Li
- School of Microelectronics, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Zede Zhu
- Lu'an Branch, Anhui Institute of Innovation for Industrial Technology, Lu'an 237100, China
| | - Kai Qian
- School of Microelectronics, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Shandong University, Shenzhen 518057, China
- Suzhou Research Institute of Shandong University, Suzhou 215123, China
- Lu'an Branch, Anhui Institute of Innovation for Industrial Technology, Lu'an 237100, China
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