1
|
Novak JK, Gardner JG. Current models in bacterial hemicellulase-encoding gene regulation. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 108:39. [PMID: 38175245 PMCID: PMC10766802 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12977-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
The discovery and characterization of bacterial carbohydrate-active enzymes is a fundamental component of biotechnology innovation, particularly for renewable fuels and chemicals; however, these studies have increasingly transitioned to exploring the complex regulation required for recalcitrant polysaccharide utilization. This pivot is largely due to the current need to engineer and optimize enzymes for maximal degradation in industrial or biomedical applications. Given the structural simplicity of a single cellulose polymer, and the relatively few enzyme classes required for complete bioconversion, the regulation of cellulases in bacteria has been thoroughly discussed in the literature. However, the diversity of hemicelluloses found in plant biomass and the multitude of carbohydrate-active enzymes required for their deconstruction has resulted in a less comprehensive understanding of bacterial hemicellulase-encoding gene regulation. Here we review the mechanisms of this process and common themes found in the transcriptomic response during plant biomass utilization. By comparing regulatory systems from both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, as well as drawing parallels to cellulase regulation, our goals are to highlight the shared and distinct features of bacterial hemicellulase-encoding gene regulation and provide a set of guiding questions to improve our understanding of bacterial lignocellulose utilization. KEY POINTS: • Canonical regulatory mechanisms for bacterial hemicellulase-encoding gene expression include hybrid two-component systems (HTCS), extracytoplasmic function (ECF)-σ/anti-σ systems, and carbon catabolite repression (CCR). • Current transcriptomic approaches are increasingly being used to identify hemicellulase-encoding gene regulatory patterns coupled with computational predictions for transcriptional regulators. • Future work should emphasize genetic approaches to improve systems biology tools available for model bacterial systems and emerging microbes with biotechnology potential. Specifically, optimization of Gram-positive systems will require integration of degradative and fermentative capabilities, while optimization of Gram-negative systems will require bolstering the potency of lignocellulolytic capabilities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica K Novak
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland - Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jeffrey G Gardner
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland - Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Magkos F, Sørensen TIA, Raubenheimer D, Dhurandhar NV, Loos RJF, Bosy-Westphal A, Clemmensen C, Hjorth MF, Allison DB, Taubes G, Ravussin E, Friedman MI, Hall KD, Ludwig DS, Speakman JR, Astrup A. On the pathogenesis of obesity: causal models and missing pieces of the puzzle. Nat Metab 2024:10.1038/s42255-024-01106-8. [PMID: 39164418 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-024-01106-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024]
Abstract
Application of the physical laws of energy and mass conservation at the whole-body level is not necessarily informative about causal mechanisms of weight gain and the development of obesity. The energy balance model (EBM) and the carbohydrate-insulin model (CIM) are two plausible theories, among several others, attempting to explain why obesity develops within an overall common physiological framework of regulation of human energy metabolism. These models have been used to explain the pathogenesis of obesity in individuals as well as the dramatic increases in the prevalence of obesity worldwide over the past half century. Here, we summarize outcomes of a recent workshop in Copenhagen that brought together obesity experts from around the world to discuss causal models of obesity pathogenesis. These discussions helped to operationally define commonly used terms; delineate the structure of each model, particularly focussing on areas of overlap and divergence; challenge ideas about the importance of purported causal factors for weight gain; and brainstorm on the key scientific questions that need to be answered. We hope that more experimental research in nutrition and other related fields, and more testing of the models and their predictions will pave the way and provide more answers about the pathogenesis of obesity than those currently available.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Faidon Magkos
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark.
| | - Thorkild I A Sørensen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Childhood Health, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - David Raubenheimer
- Charles Perkins Centre and School of Life and Environmental Sciences, the University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Ruth J F Loos
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anja Bosy-Westphal
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Christoffer Clemmensen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mads F Hjorth
- Department of Obesity and Nutritional Sciences, Novo Nordisk Foundation, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - David B Allison
- School of Public Health, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | | | - Eric Ravussin
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | | | - Kevin D Hall
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - David S Ludwig
- New Balance Foundation Obesity Prevention Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - John R Speakman
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Arne Astrup
- Department of Obesity and Nutritional Sciences, Novo Nordisk Foundation, Hellerup, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Liedike B, Khatib M, Tabarsi B, Harris M, Wilson SL, Ortega-Santos CP, Mohr AE, Vega-López S, Whisner CM. Evaluating the Effects of Corn Flour Product Consumption on Cardiometabolic Outcomes and the Gut Microbiota in Adults with Elevated Cholesterol: A Randomized Crossover. J Nutr 2024; 154:2437-2447. [PMID: 38880174 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Consumption of whole grains is associated with a reduction in chronic diseases and offers benefits for cardiovascular health and metabolic regulation. The relationship between whole-grain corn and corn bran with the gut microbiota (GM) remains an area of growing interest, particularly regarding their influence on cardiometabolic health. OBJECTIVES To investigate the effects of different corn flours on cardiometabolic outcomes and GM changes in adults with elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL cholesterol) concentrations. METHODS In this crossover study, 36 adults with LDL cholesterol above 110 mg/dL consumed 48 g/d of 3 corn flour types for 4 wk: whole-grain corn meal, refined corn meal (RCM), and a blend of RCM and corn bran (RCM + B). We assessed the impact on cardiometabolic markers [LDL cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL cholesterol), total cholesterol, and triglycerides)] and GM composition and estimated function. Statistical analyses included mixed-effects modeling and responder (>5% decrease in LDL cholesterol) analysis to evaluate changes in GM related to lipid profile improvements. RESULTS Of the 3 corn flour types, only RCM + B significantly decreased LDL cholesterol over time (-10.4 ± 3.6 mg/dL, P = 0.005) and marginally decreased total cholesterol (-9.2 ± 3.9 mg/dL, P = 0.072) over time. There were no significant effects on HDL cholesterol or triglyceride concentrations. No significant changes were observed in GM alpha diversity, whereas beta diversity metrics indicated individual variability. Two genera, unclassified Lachnospiraceae and Agathobaculum (Padj ≤ 0.096), differed significantly by treatment, but only Agathobaculum remained significantly elevated in the whole-grain corn meal, compared to RCM and RCM + B, after adjustment for multiple comparisons. CONCLUSIONS The type of corn flour, particularly RCM + B, notably influenced LDL cholesterol concentrations in adults with elevated LDL cholesterol. This study suggests that incorporating milled fractions (e.g., bran) of whole-grain corn with refined corn flour may be a viable alternative to supplementing manufactured grain products with isolated or synthetic fibers for improved metabolic health. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03967990.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bethany Liedike
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Maissa Khatib
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Baharak Tabarsi
- Community Health Center, Valleywise Health, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Michelle Harris
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Shannon L Wilson
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Carmen P Ortega-Santos
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, United States; Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Alex E Mohr
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, United States; Center for Health Through Microbiomes, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
| | - Sonia Vega-López
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, United States; Southwest Interdisciplinary Research Center, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, United States.
| | - Corrie M Whisner
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, United States; Center for Health Through Microbiomes, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Carmody RN, Varady K, Turnbaugh PJ. Digesting the complex metabolic effects of diet on the host and microbiome. Cell 2024; 187:3857-3876. [PMID: 39059362 PMCID: PMC11309583 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2024.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
The past 50 years of interdisciplinary research in humans and model organisms has delivered unprecedented insights into the mechanisms through which diet affects energy balance. However, translating these results to prevent and treat obesity and its associated diseases remains challenging. Given the vast scope of this literature, we focus this Review on recent conceptual advances in molecular nutrition targeting the management of energy balance, including emerging dietary and pharmaceutical interventions and their interactions with the human gut microbiome. Notably, multiple current dietary patterns of interest embrace moderate-to-high fat intake or prioritize the timing of eating over macronutrient intake. Furthermore, the rapid expansion of microbiome research findings has complicated multiple longstanding tenets of nutrition while also providing new opportunities for intervention. Continued progress promises more precise and reliable dietary recommendations that leverage our growing knowledge of the microbiome, the changing landscape of clinical interventions, and our molecular understanding of human biology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel N Carmody
- Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Krista Varady
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Peter J Turnbaugh
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Chan Zuckerberg Biohub-San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Huang Q, Yang G, Tang C, Dou B, Hu Y, Liu H, Wu X, Zhang H, Wang H, Xu L, Yang XD, Xu Y, Zheng Y. Rujin Jiedu decoction protects against influenza virus infection by modulating gut microbiota. Heliyon 2024; 10:e34055. [PMID: 39071618 PMCID: PMC11277438 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e34055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 06/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Rujin Jiedu decoction (RJJDD) is a classical prescription of Traditional Chinese Medicine that has long been applied to treat pneumonia caused by external infection, but whether and how it benefits influenza virus therapy remains largely unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of RJJDD on the mouse model of influenza and to explore its potential mechanism. Methods The mice were mock-infected with PBS or infected with PR8 virus followed by treatment with RJJDD or antiviral oseltamivir. The weight loss and morbidity of mice were monitored daily. Network pharmacology is used to explore the potential pathways that RJJDD may modulate. qRT-PCR and ELISA were performed to assess the expression of inflammatory cytokines in the lung tissue and macrophages. The intestinal feces were collected for 16S rDNA sequencing to assess the changes in gut microbiota. Results We demonstrate that RJJDD protects against IAV-induced pneumonia. Comprehensive network pharmacology analyses of the Mass Spec-identified components of RJJDD suggest that RJJDD may act through down-regulating key signaling pathways producing inflammatory cytokines, which was experimentally confirmed by cytokine expression analysis in IAV-infected mouse lung tissues and IAV single-strand RNA mimic R837-induced macrophages. Furthermore, gut microbiota analysis indicates that RJJDD prevented IAV-induced dysbiosis of host intestinal flora, thereby offering a mechanistic explanation for RJJDD's efficacy in influenza pneumonia. Conclusion This study defines a previously uncharacterized role for RJJDD in protecting against influenza likely by maintaining homeostasis of gut microbiota, and provides a new therapeutic option for severe influenza.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qilin Huang
- The Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
- Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine and Immunology Research, School of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Guizhen Yang
- The Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
- Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine and Immunology Research, School of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Chenchen Tang
- The Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
- Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine and Immunology Research, School of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Biao Dou
- The Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
- Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine and Immunology Research, School of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - You Hu
- The Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
- Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine and Immunology Research, School of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Hui Liu
- The Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
- Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine and Immunology Research, School of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Xiao Wu
- The Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
- Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine and Immunology Research, School of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Huan Zhang
- The Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
- Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine and Immunology Research, School of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Haikun Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Lirong Xu
- The Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
- Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine and Immunology Research, School of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Yang
- The Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
- Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine and Immunology Research, School of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yanwu Xu
- The Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yuejuan Zheng
- The Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
- Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine and Immunology Research, School of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Keller B, Receno CN, Franconi CJ, Harenberg S, Stevens J, Mao X, Stevens SR, Moore G, Levine S, Chia J, Shungu D, Hanson MR. Cardiopulmonary and metabolic responses during a 2-day CPET in myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome: translating reduced oxygen consumption to impairment status to treatment considerations. J Transl Med 2024; 22:627. [PMID: 38965566 PMCID: PMC11229500 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05410-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Post-exertional malaise (PEM), the hallmark symptom of myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS), represents a constellation of abnormal responses to physical, cognitive, and/or emotional exertion including profound fatigue, cognitive dysfunction, and exertion intolerance, among numerous other maladies. Two sequential cardiopulmonary exercise tests (2-d CPET) provide objective evidence of abnormal responses to exertion in ME/CFS but validated only in studies with small sample sizes. Further, translation of results to impairment status and approaches to symptom reduction are lacking. METHODS Participants with ME/CFS (Canadian Criteria; n = 84) and sedentary controls (CTL; n = 71) completed two CPETs on a cycle ergometer separated by 24 h. Two-way repeated measures ANOVA compared CPET measures at rest, ventilatory/anaerobic threshold (VAT), and peak effort between phenotypes and CPETs. Intraclass correlations described stability of CPET measures across tests, and relevant objective CPET data indicated impairment status. A subset of case-control pairs (n = 55) matched for aerobic capacity, age, and sex, were also analyzed. RESULTS Unlike CTL, ME/CFS failed to reproduce CPET-1 measures during CPET-2 with significant declines at peak exertion in work, exercise time, V ˙ e, V ˙ O2, V ˙ CO2, V ˙ T, HR, O2pulse, DBP, and RPP. Likewise, CPET-2 declines were observed at VAT for V ˙ e/ V ˙ CO2, PetCO2, O2pulse, work, V ˙ O2 and SBP. Perception of effort (RPE) exceeded maximum effort criteria for ME/CFS and CTL on both CPETs. Results were similar in matched pairs. Intraclass correlations revealed greater stability in CPET variables across test days in CTL compared to ME/CFS owing to CPET-2 declines in ME/CFS. Lastly, CPET-2 data signaled more severe impairment status for ME/CFS compared to CPET-1. CONCLUSIONS Presently, this is the largest 2-d CPET study of ME/CFS to substantiate impaired recovery in ME/CFS following an exertional stressor. Abnormal post-exertional CPET responses persisted compared to CTL matched for aerobic capacity, indicating that fitness level does not predispose to exertion intolerance in ME/CFS. Moreover, contributions to exertion intolerance in ME/CFS by disrupted cardiac, pulmonary, and metabolic factors implicates autonomic nervous system dysregulation of blood flow and oxygen delivery for energy metabolism. The observable declines in post-exertional energy metabolism translate notably to a worsening of impairment status. Treatment considerations to address tangible reductions in physiological function are proffered. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ClinicalTrials.gov, retrospectively registered, ID# NCT04026425, date of registration: 2019-07-17.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Betsy Keller
- Department of Exercise Science and Athletic Training, Ithaca College, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA.
| | - Candace N Receno
- Department of Exercise Science and Athletic Training, Ithaca College, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA
| | - Carl J Franconi
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Sebastian Harenberg
- Department of Human Kinetics, St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, NS, B2G 2W5, Canada
| | - Jared Stevens
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | | | - Staci R Stevens
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Geoff Moore
- Department of Exercise Science and Athletic Training, Ithaca College, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Susan Levine
- Susan Levine, MD Clinical Practice, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | | | | | - Maureen R Hanson
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Toyon A, Bursac Z, Werner N, Krukowski RA. Impact of Weight Concern on Post-Cessation Weight Management, Smoking Cessation, and Program Engagement. Am J Health Promot 2024; 38:797-808. [PMID: 38356272 DOI: 10.1177/08901171241234136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Weight concern is a barrier to smoking cessation. We examined the impact of weight concern on post-cessation weight gain, abstinence and program engagement. DESIGN Randomized-controlled trial. SETTING Telephone-based and group-based intervention sessions. SUBJECTS 305 participants were randomized and analyzed. INTERVENTION Participants were randomized to receive a self-guided intervention, a weight loss intervention, or a weight stability intervention prior to all receiving the same smoking cessation intervention. MEASURES Level of weight concern on three measures, point-prevalence abstinence, weight change, and session attendance at 12 months. ANALYSIS Continuous and discrete outcomes were compared between weight-concerned and non-weight-concerned participants using two-sample t-tests and chi-square tests respectively. RESULTS There were no significant differences in weight change (range: +1.77, -1.91 kg) when comparing weight-concerned and non-weight-concerned participants. Point-prevalence abstinence ranged from 36% to 64%, with no differences by condition based on level of weight concern. There were no significant differences in session attendance by weight concern (Weight sessions: 50-70%, Smoking cessation sessions: 41-56%, Booster sessions: 28-45%). Weight concern, on all measures, significantly decreased between screening and 2 months (after the weight management intervention), for most of the comparisons made overall and by condition. CONCLUSION It may not be necessary to screen for weight concerns in smoking cessation and/or post-cessation weight management programs, as the trial interventions were beneficial regardless of weight concern.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anjola Toyon
- School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Zoran Bursac
- Department of Biostatistics, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Nicole Werner
- Department of Health & Wellness Design, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Logan AC, D'Adamo CR, Pizzorno JE, Prescott SL. "Food faddists and pseudoscientists!": Reflections on the history of resistance to ultra-processed foods. Explore (NY) 2024; 20:470-476. [PMID: 38176973 DOI: 10.1016/j.explore.2023.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
The term 'ultra-processed food' emerged in the 1980s, mostly used in reference to highly-processed convenience foods and snacks, often energy-dense, poor in nutrients, and inclusive of various synthetic additives such as emulsifiers, colors, artificial sweeteners, and/or flavor enhancers. Concern over such foods was part of the growing holistic and environmental health movements of the 1970-80s; yet, those who raised alarm about the encroachment of ultra-processed foods were often labeled, especially by industry and their powerful allies, as 'food faddists' and 'pseudoscientists'. Today, the topic of ultra-processed foods is generating massive personal, public, and planetary health interest. However, other than discussing the history of the NOVA food classification system, a useful tool that has allowed researchers to more accurately separate foods based on processing, most lay media and academic articles are ahistorical. That is, there is a tendency to present the term ultra-processed food(s) as a relatively new entrance into the lexicon, and by default, the idea that health-related pushback on ultra-processed foods is a relatively new phenomenon. This omission overlooks decades of determined advocacy and clinical work, much of it by pioneers within the holistic medicine (now integrative, functional, and lifestyle medicine) movement. Here in this reflection paper, the authors will use historical research and reporting to fill in the historical gap and articulate the saliency of why it matters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alan C Logan
- Nova Institute for Health, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA.
| | - Christopher R D'Adamo
- Nova Institute for Health, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | | | - Susan L Prescott
- Nova Institute for Health, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Medical School, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia; The ORIGINS Project, Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Masi D, Le Roy T, Adriouch S, Clément K. Nourishing the gut: the impact of diet on host-gut microbiota interaction. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2024; 27:361-371. [PMID: 38260940 DOI: 10.1097/mco.0000000000001009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Understanding the spectrum of drivers that influence the gut microbiome (GM) remains a crucial field of investigation. Among these factors, diet has received particular attention, as it could explain up to 20% of the variability in GM composition between individuals. This review focuses on the complex relationships between different dietary patterns and GM in humans, based on recent findings. RECENT FINDINGS Current evidence underscores the multifaceted impact of diet on GM richness, diversity, and overall composition. Key contributing factors encompass dietary habits, nutritional interventions, food quality and variety, macronutrient distribution, timing of feeding, and selective exclusion of certain foods. SUMMARY The intricate interplay between diet and GM is of fundamental importance in shaping the interaction between the host and the environment. Further understanding the causal impact of diet on GM has promising potential for the advancement of strategies to promote health and mitigate cardio-metabolic disease risks through dietary interventions. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT http://links.lww.com/COCN/A21.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Davide Masi
- Sorbonne University, Inserm, Nutrition and Obesities: Systemic Approaches (NutriOmics) Research Unit, Paris
- Sapienza University of Rome, Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Medical Physiopathology, Food Science and Endocrinology, Rome
| | - Tiphaine Le Roy
- Sorbonne University, Inserm, Nutrition and Obesities: Systemic Approaches (NutriOmics) Research Unit, Paris
| | - Solia Adriouch
- Sorbonne University, Inserm, Nutrition and Obesities: Systemic Approaches (NutriOmics) Research Unit, Paris
| | - Karine Clément
- Sorbonne University, Inserm, Nutrition and Obesities: Systemic Approaches (NutriOmics) Research Unit, Paris
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Nutrition Department, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Mager LF, Krause T, McCoy KD. Interaction of microbiota, mucosal malignancies, and immunotherapy-Mechanistic insights. Mucosal Immunol 2024; 17:402-415. [PMID: 38521413 DOI: 10.1016/j.mucimm.2024.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
The microbiome has emerged as a crucial modulator of host-immune interactions and clearly impacts tumor development and therapy efficacy. The microbiome is a double-edged sword in cancer development and therapy as both pro-tumorigenic and anti-tumorigenic bacterial taxa have been identified. The staggering number of association-based studies in various tumor types has led to an enormous amount of data that makes it difficult to identify bacteria that promote tumor development or modulate therapy efficacy from bystander bacteria. Here we aim to comprehensively summarize the current knowledge of microbiome-host immunity interactions and cancer therapy in various mucosal tissues to find commonalities and thus identify potential functionally relevant bacterial taxa. Moreover, we also review recent studies identifying specific bacteria and mechanisms through which the microbiome modulates cancer development and therapy efficacy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lukas F Mager
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada; Department of Internal Medicine I, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tübingen, Germany; M3 Research Center for Malignom, Metabolome and Microbiome, Faculty of Medicine University Tübingen, Germany
| | - Tim Krause
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tübingen, Germany; M3 Research Center for Malignom, Metabolome and Microbiome, Faculty of Medicine University Tübingen, Germany
| | - Kathy D McCoy
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Busch CBE, Bergman JJGHM, Nieuwdorp M, van Baar ACG. Role of the Intestine and Its Gut Microbiota in Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity. Am J Gastroenterol 2024; 119:1038-1046. [PMID: 38372280 DOI: 10.14309/ajg.0000000000002730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
The metabolic syndrome (MetSyn) is currently one of the biggest global health challenges because of its impact on public health. MetSyn includes the cluster of metabolic disorders including obesity, high blood pressure, hyperglycemia, high triglyceride levels, and hepatic steatosis. Together, these abnormalities increase the cardiovascular risk of individuals and pose a threat to healthcare systems worldwide. To better understand and address this complex issue, recent research has been increasingly focusing on unraveling the delicate interplay between metabolic disorders and the intestines and more specifically our gut microbiome. The gut microbiome entails all microorganisms inhabiting the gastrointestinal tract and plays a pivotal role in metabolic processes and overall health of its host. Emerging evidence proves an association between the gut microbiome composition and aspects of MetSyn, such as obesity. Understanding these relationships is crucial because they offer valuable insights into the mechanisms underlying development and progression of metabolic disorders and possible treatment options. Yet, how should we interpret this relationship? This review focuses on the interplay between the gut and MetSyn. In addition, we have reviewed the existing evidence of the gut microbiome and its association with and impact on metabolic disorders, in an attempt to understand the complex interactions and nature of this association. We also explored potential therapeutic options targeting the gut to modify metabolic disorders and obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Celine B E Busch
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Research Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jacques J G H M Bergman
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Research Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Max Nieuwdorp
- Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Research Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Internal and Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Annieke C G van Baar
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Research Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Mohr AE, Sweazea KL, Bowes DA, Jasbi P, Whisner CM, Sears DD, Krajmalnik-Brown R, Jin Y, Gu H, Klein-Seetharaman J, Arciero KM, Gumpricht E, Arciero PJ. Gut microbiome remodeling and metabolomic profile improves in response to protein pacing with intermittent fasting versus continuous caloric restriction. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4155. [PMID: 38806467 PMCID: PMC11133430 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48355-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiome (GM) modulates body weight/composition and gastrointestinal functioning; therefore, approaches targeting resident gut microbes have attracted considerable interest. Intermittent fasting (IF) and protein pacing (P) regimens are effective in facilitating weight loss (WL) and enhancing body composition. However, the interrelationships between IF- and P-induced WL and the GM are unknown. The current randomized controlled study describes distinct fecal microbial and plasma metabolomic signatures between combined IF-P (n = 21) versus a heart-healthy, calorie-restricted (CR, n = 20) diet matched for overall energy intake in free-living human participants (women = 27; men = 14) with overweight/obesity for 8 weeks. Gut symptomatology improves and abundance of Christensenellaceae microbes and circulating cytokines and amino acid metabolites favoring fat oxidation increase with IF-P (p < 0.05), whereas metabolites associated with a longevity-related metabolic pathway increase with CR (p < 0.05). Differences indicate GM and metabolomic factors play a role in WL maintenance and body composition. This novel work provides insight into the GM and metabolomic profile of participants following an IF-P or CR diet and highlights important differences in microbial assembly associated with WL and body composition responsiveness. These data may inform future GM-focused precision nutrition recommendations using larger sample sizes of longer duration. Trial registration, March 6, 2020 (ClinicalTrials.gov as NCT04327141), based on a previous randomized intervention trial.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alex E Mohr
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, USA
- Biodesign Institute Center for Health Through Microbiomes, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Karen L Sweazea
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, USA
- Biodesign Institute Center for Health Through Microbiomes, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
- Center for Evolution and Medicine, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Devin A Bowes
- Biodesign Institute Center for Health Through Microbiomes, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Paniz Jasbi
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
- Systems Precision Engineering and Advanced Research (SPEAR), Theriome Inc., Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Corrie M Whisner
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, USA
- Biodesign Institute Center for Health Through Microbiomes, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Dorothy D Sears
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Rosa Krajmalnik-Brown
- Biodesign Institute Center for Health Through Microbiomes, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Yan Jin
- Center of Translational Science, Florida International University, Port St. Lucie, FL, USA
| | - Haiwei Gu
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, USA
- Center of Translational Science, Florida International University, Port St. Lucie, FL, USA
| | - Judith Klein-Seetharaman
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, USA
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Karen M Arciero
- Human Nutrition and Metabolism Laboratory, Department of Health and Human Physiological Sciences, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, NY, USA
| | | | - Paul J Arciero
- Human Nutrition and Metabolism Laboratory, Department of Health and Human Physiological Sciences, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, NY, USA.
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Department of Sports Medicine and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ashraf A, Hassan MI. Microbial Endocrinology: Host metabolism and appetite hormones interaction with gut microbiome. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2024; 592:112281. [PMID: 38810719 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2024.112281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Anam Ashraf
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Md Imtaiyaz Hassan
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi, 110025, India.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Deehan EC, Mocanu V, Madsen KL. Effects of dietary fibre on metabolic health and obesity. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2024; 21:301-318. [PMID: 38326443 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-023-00891-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Obesity and metabolic syndrome represent a growing epidemic worldwide. Body weight is regulated through complex interactions between hormonal, neural and metabolic pathways and is influenced by numerous environmental factors. Imbalances between energy intake and expenditure can occur due to several factors, including alterations in eating behaviours, abnormal satiation and satiety, and low energy expenditure. The gut microbiota profoundly affects all aspects of energy homeostasis through diverse mechanisms involving effects on mucosal and systemic immune, hormonal and neural systems. The benefits of dietary fibre on metabolism and obesity have been demonstrated through mechanistic studies and clinical trials, but many questions remain as to how different fibres are best utilized in managing obesity. In this Review, we discuss the physiochemical properties of different fibres, current findings on how fibre and the gut microbiota interact to regulate body weight homeostasis, and knowledge gaps related to using dietary fibres as a complementary strategy. Precision medicine approaches that utilize baseline microbiota and clinical characteristics to predict individual responses to fibre supplementation represent a new paradigm with great potential to enhance weight management efficacy, but many challenges remain before these approaches can be fully implemented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edward C Deehan
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, USA
- Nebraska Food for Health Center, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Valentin Mocanu
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Karen L Madsen
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Mann ER, Lam YK, Uhlig HH. Short-chain fatty acids: linking diet, the microbiome and immunity. Nat Rev Immunol 2024:10.1038/s41577-024-01014-8. [PMID: 38565643 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-024-01014-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
The short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) butyrate, propionate and acetate are microbial metabolites and their availability in the gut and other organs is determined by environmental factors, such as diet and use of antibiotics, that shape the diversity and metabolism of the microbiota. SCFAs regulate epithelial barrier function as well as mucosal and systemic immunity via evolutionary conserved processes that involve G protein-coupled receptor signalling or histone deacetylase activity. Indicatively, the anti-inflammatory role of butyrate is mediated through direct effects on the differentiation of intestinal epithelial cells, phagocytes, B cells and plasma cells, and regulatory and effector T cells. Intestinally derived SCFAs also directly and indirectly affect immunity at extra-intestinal sites, such as the liver, the lungs, the reproductive tract and the brain, and have been implicated in a range of disorders, including infections, intestinal inflammation, autoimmunity, food allergies, asthma and responses to cancer therapies. An ecological understanding of microbial communities and their interrelated metabolic states, as well as the engineering of butyrogenic bacteria may support SCFA-focused interventions for the prevention and treatment of immune-mediated diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth R Mann
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Ying Ka Lam
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Holm H Uhlig
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Carroll I, Qian Y, Sorgen A, Steffen K, Heinberg L, Reed K, Malazarte A, Fodor A. Intestinal energy harvest is associated with post-bariatric surgery weight loss. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-4031151. [PMID: 38586018 PMCID: PMC10996824 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4031151/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Background/Objectives Metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS) is the most effective treatment for severe obesity; however, a significant subset of patients does not achieve expected weight loss or have substantial weight recurrence over time. The intestinal energy harvest is a potential determinant of varying weight loss outcomes, but with limited exploration. We assess the relationships between diet, intestinal energy harvest, and weight outcomes over 24 months in individuals who have undergone MBS. Subjects/Methods Calorie absorption was assessed with bomb calorimetry and dietary questionnaires before and after MBS. Within a total of 67 patients, fecal energy density was measured in 67, 56, 60, 67, 44, 47 samples at 0, 1, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months, respectively. Multivariate regression was developed to identify potential weight loss predictors, and random forest algorithms were employed to forecast weight results based on intestinal energy harvest. Results Intestinal energy harvest enhanced the predictability of patient weight loss outcomes with random forest models. A notable difference in relative fecal energy content was observed between patients experiencing optimal and sub-optimal weight loss (p<0.01). Prior to MBS, an increased energy content in feces (indicating less energy absorption) is associated with greater weight loss after the operation. Associations between diet and energy harvest were insignificant. Conclusion MBS changes energy harvest capacity post-surgery. A higher relative fecal energy content (lower energy absorption) at one month correlates with better weight loss outcomes at 6M, 12M, 18M and 24M post-MBS. Findings may guide the development of diagnostic tools and treatment guidelines for patients at risk of suboptimal weight loss outcomes. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION The trial is registered at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT03065426).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Kylie Reed
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Lu X, Yang R, Chen Y, Chen D. NAD metabolic therapy in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: Possible roles of gut microbiota. iScience 2024; 27:109174. [PMID: 38405608 PMCID: PMC10884928 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), formerly named non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), is induced by alterations of hepatic metabolism. As a critical metabolites function regulator, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) nowadays has been validated to be effective in the treatment of diet-induced murine model of MASLD. Additionally, gut microbiota has been reported to have the potential to prevent MASLD by dietary NAD precursors metabolizing together with mammals. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. In this review, we hypothesized that NAD enhancing mitochondrial activity might reshape a specific microbiota signature, and improve MASLD progression demonstrated by fecal microbiota transplantation. Here, this review especially focused on the mechanism of Microbiota-Gut-Liver Axis together with NAD metabolism for the MASLD progress. Notably, we found significant changes in Prevotella associated with NAD in a gut microbiome signature of certain MASLD patients. With the recent researches, we also inferred that Prevotella can not only regulate the level of NAD pool by boosting the carbon metabolism, but also play a vital part in regulating the branched-chain amino acid (BCAA)-related fatty acid metabolism pathway. Altogether, our results support the notion that the gut microbiota contribute to the dietary NAD precursors metabolism in MASLD development and the dietary NAD precursors together with certain gut microbiota may be a preventive or therapeutic strategy in MASLD management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Lu
- Wuxi Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu 211166, China
- Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Jiangsu 214002, China
| | - Rui Yang
- Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Jiangsu 214002, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Jiangsu 214002, China
| | - Daozhen Chen
- Wuxi Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu 211166, China
- Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Jiangsu 214002, China
- Department of Laboratory, Haidong Second People’s Hospital, Haidong 810699, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Busch A, Roy S, Helbing DL, Colic L, Opel N, Besteher B, Walter M, Bauer M, Refisch A. Gut microbiome in atypical depression. J Affect Disord 2024; 349:277-285. [PMID: 38211751 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.01.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies showed that immunometabolic dysregulation is related to unipolar major depressive disorder (MDD) and that it more consistently maps to MDD patients endorsing an atypical symptom profile, characterized by energy-related symptoms including increased appetite, weight gain, and hypersomnia. Despite the documented influence of the microbiome on immune regulation and energy homeostasis, studies have not yet investigated microbiome differences among clinical groups in individuals with MDD. METHODS Fifteen MDD patients with atypical features according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5)-5, forty-four MDD patients not fulfilling the DSM-5 criteria for the atypical subtype, and nineteen healthy controls were included in the study. Participants completed detailed clinical assessment and stool samples were collected. Samples were sequenced for the prokaryotic 16S rRNA gene, in the V3-V4 variable regions. Only samples with no antibiotic exposure in the previous 12 months and a minimum of >2000 quality-filtered reads were included in the analyses. RESULTS There were no statistically significant differences in alpha- and beta-diversity between the MDD groups and healthy controls. However, within the atypical MDD group, there was an increase in the Verrucomicrobiota phylum, with Akkermansia as the predominant bacterial genus. LIMITATIONS Cross-sectional data, modest sample size, and significantly increased body mass index in the atypical MDD group. CONCLUSIONS There were no overall differences among the investigated groups. However, differences were found at several taxonomic levels. Studies in larger longitudinal samples with relevant confounders are needed to advance the understanding of the microbial influences on the clinical heterogeneity of depression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Busch
- Theoretical Microbial Ecology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany; Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany; Cluster of Excellence Balance of the Microverse, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany.
| | - Sagnik Roy
- Theoretical Microbial Ecology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Dario Lucas Helbing
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany; Center for Intervention and Research on adaptive and maladaptive brain Circuits underlying mental health (C-I-R-C), Jena-Magdeburg-Halle, Germany; Leibniz Institute on Aging-Fritz Lipmann Institute, 07745 Jena, Germany; Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Lejla Colic
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany; Center for Intervention and Research on adaptive and maladaptive brain Circuits underlying mental health (C-I-R-C), Jena-Magdeburg-Halle, Germany; Clinical Affective Neuroimaging Laboratory (CANLAB), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Nils Opel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany; Center for Intervention and Research on adaptive and maladaptive brain Circuits underlying mental health (C-I-R-C), Jena-Magdeburg-Halle, Germany; German Center for Mental Health (DZPG), Germany
| | - Bianca Besteher
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany; Center for Intervention and Research on adaptive and maladaptive brain Circuits underlying mental health (C-I-R-C), Jena-Magdeburg-Halle, Germany
| | - Martin Walter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany; Center for Intervention and Research on adaptive and maladaptive brain Circuits underlying mental health (C-I-R-C), Jena-Magdeburg-Halle, Germany; German Center for Mental Health (DZPG), Germany; Clinical Affective Neuroimaging Laboratory (CANLAB), Magdeburg, Germany; Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Michael Bauer
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany; Cluster of Excellence Balance of the Microverse, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Alexander Refisch
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany; Center for Intervention and Research on adaptive and maladaptive brain Circuits underlying mental health (C-I-R-C), Jena-Magdeburg-Halle, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Wheeler AE, Stoeger V, Owens RM. Lab-on-chip technologies for exploring the gut-immune axis in metabolic disease. LAB ON A CHIP 2024; 24:1266-1292. [PMID: 38226866 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00877k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
The continued rise in metabolic diseases such as obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus poses a global health burden, necessitating further research into factors implicated in the onset and progression of these diseases. Recently, the gut-immune axis, with diet as a main regulator, has been identified as a possible role player in their development. Translation of conventional 2D in vitro and animal models is however limited, while human studies are expensive and preclude individual mechanisms from being investigated. Lab-on-chip technology therefore offers an attractive new avenue to study gut-immune interactions. This review provides an overview of the influence of diet on gut-immune interactions in metabolic diseases and a critical analysis of the current state of lab-on-chip technology to study this axis. While there has been progress in the development of "immuno-competent" intestinal lab-on-chip models, with studies showing the ability of the technology to provide mechanical cues, support longer-term co-culture of microbiota and maintain in vivo-like oxygen gradients, platforms which combine all three and include intestinal and immune cells are still lacking. Further, immune cell types and inclusion of microenvironment conditions which enable in vivo-like immune cell dynamics as well as host-microbiome interactions are limited. Future model development should focus on combining these conditions to create an environment capable of hosting more complex microbiota and immune cells to allow further study into the effects of diet and related metabolites on the gut-immune ecosystem and their role in the prevention and development of metabolic diseases in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra E Wheeler
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, UK.
| | - Verena Stoeger
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, UK.
| | - Róisín M Owens
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Akbuğa-Schön T, Suzuki TA, Jakob D, Vu DL, Waters JL, Ley RE. The keystone gut species Christensenella minuta boosts gut microbial biomass and voluntary physical activity in mice. mBio 2024; 15:e0283623. [PMID: 38132571 PMCID: PMC10865807 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02836-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut bacteria of the family Christensenellaceae are consistently associated with metabolic health, but their role in promoting host health is not fully understood. Here, we explored the effect of Christensenella minuta amendment on voluntary physical activity and the gut microbiome. We inoculated male and female germ-free mice with an obese human donor microbiota together with live or heat-killed C. minuta for 28 days and measured physical activity in respirometry cages. Compared to heat-killed, the live-C. minuta treatment resulted in reduced feed efficiency and higher levels of physical activity, with significantly greater distance traveled for males and higher levels of small movements and resting metabolic rate in females. Sex-specific effects of C. minuta treatment may be in part attributable to different housing conditions for males and females. Amendment with live C. minuta boosted gut microbial biomass in both sexes, immobilizing dietary carbon in the microbiome, and mice with high levels of C. minuta lose more energy in stool. Live C. minuta also reduced within and between-host gut microbial diversity. Overall, our results showed that C. minuta acts as a keystone species: despite low relative abundance, it has a large impact on its ecosystem, from the microbiome to host energy homeostasis.IMPORTANCEThe composition of the human gut microbiome is associated with human health. Within the human gut microbiome, the relative abundance of the bacterial family Christensenellaceae has been shown to correlate with metabolic health and a lean body type. The mechanisms underpinning this effect remain unclear. Here, we show that live C. minuta influences host physical activity and metabolic energy expenditure, accompanied by changes in murine metabolism and the gut microbial community in a sex-dependent manner in comparison to heat-killed C. minuta. Importantly, live C. minuta boosts the biomass of the microbiome in the gut, and a higher level of C. minuta is associated with greater loss of energy in stool. These observations indicate that modulation of activity levels and changes to the microbiome are ways in which the Christensenellaceae can influence host energy homeostasis and health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Akbuğa-Schön
- Department of Microbiome Science, Max Planck Institute for Biology Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Taichi A. Suzuki
- Department of Microbiome Science, Max Planck Institute for Biology Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Dennis Jakob
- Department of Microbiome Science, Max Planck Institute for Biology Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Mass Spectrometry Facility, Max Planck Institute for Biology Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Dai Long Vu
- Mass Spectrometry Facility, Max Planck Institute for Biology Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jillian L. Waters
- Department of Microbiome Science, Max Planck Institute for Biology Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ruth E. Ley
- Department of Microbiome Science, Max Planck Institute for Biology Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence EXC 2124 Controlling Microbes to Fight Infections, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Imdad S, So B, Jang J, Park J, Lee SJ, Kim JH, Kang C. Temporal variations in the gut microbial diversity in response to high-fat diet and exercise. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3282. [PMID: 38332014 PMCID: PMC10853223 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52852-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
High-fat diet-induced obesity is a pandemic caused by an inactive lifestyle and increased consumption of Western diets and is a major risk factor for diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. In contrast, exercise can positively influence gut microbial diversity and is linked to a decreased inflammatory state. To understand the gut microbial variations associated with exercise and high-fat diet over time, we conducted a longitudinal study to examine the effect of covariates on gut microbial diversity and composition. Young mice were divided into four groups: Chow-diet (CHD), high-fat diet (HFD), high-fat diet + exercise (HFX), and exercise only (EXE) and underwent experimental intervention for 12 weeks. Fecal samples at week 0 and 12 were collected for DNA extraction, followed by 16S library preparation and sequencing. Data were analyzed using QIIME 2, R and MicrobiomeAnalyst. The Bacteroidetes-to-Firmicutes ratio decreased fivefold in the HFD and HFX groups compared to that in the CHD and EXE groups and increased in the EXE group over time. Alpha diversity was significantly increased in the EXE group longitudinally (p < 0.02), whereas diversity (Shannon, Faith's PD, and Fisher) and richness (ACE) was significantly reduced in the HFD (p < 0.005) and HFX (p < 0.03) groups over time. Beta diversity, based on the Jaccard, Bray-Curtis, and unweighted UniFrac distance metrics, was significant among the groups. Prevotella, Paraprevotella, Candidatus arthromitus, Lactobacillus salivarius, L. reuteri, Roseburia, Bacteroides uniformis, Sutterella, and Corynebacterium were differentially abundant in the chow-diet groups (CHD and EXE). Exercise significantly reduced the proportion of taxa characteristic of a high-fat diet, including Butyricimonas, Ruminococcus gnavus, and Mucispirillum schaedleri. Diet, age, and exercise significantly contributed to explaining the bacterial community structure and diversity in the gut microbiota. Modulating the gut microbiota and maintaining its stability can lead to targeted microbiome therapies to manage chronic and recurrent diseases and infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saba Imdad
- Molecular Metabolism in Health and Disease, Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Sport Science Research Institute, Inha University, Incheon, 22212, South Korea
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Science, Cheongju University, Cheongju, 28503, South Korea
| | - Byunghun So
- Molecular Metabolism in Health and Disease, Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Sport Science Research Institute, Inha University, Incheon, 22212, South Korea
| | - Junho Jang
- Molecular Metabolism in Health and Disease, Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Sport Science Research Institute, Inha University, Incheon, 22212, South Korea
| | - Jinhan Park
- Molecular Metabolism in Health and Disease, Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Sport Science Research Institute, Inha University, Incheon, 22212, South Korea
| | - Sam-Jun Lee
- Department of Sport Rehabilitation, College of Health, Welfare, and Education, Tong Myong University, Busan, 48520, South Korea
| | - Jin-Hee Kim
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Science, Cheongju University, Cheongju, 28503, South Korea.
| | - Chounghun Kang
- Molecular Metabolism in Health and Disease, Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Sport Science Research Institute, Inha University, Incheon, 22212, South Korea.
- Department of Physical Education, College of Education, Inha University, Incheon, 22212, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Prescott SL, Logan AC, D’Adamo CR, Holton KF, Lowry CA, Marks J, Moodie R, Poland B. Nutritional Criminology: Why the Emerging Research on Ultra-Processed Food Matters to Health and Justice. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 21:120. [PMID: 38397611 PMCID: PMC10888116 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21020120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
There is mounting concern over the potential harms associated with ultra-processed foods, including poor mental health and antisocial behavior. Cutting-edge research provides an enhanced understanding of biophysiological mechanisms, including microbiome pathways, and invites a historical reexamination of earlier work that investigated the relationship between nutrition and criminal behavior. Here, in this perspective article, we explore how this emergent research casts new light and greater significance on previous key observations. Despite expanding interest in the field dubbed 'nutritional psychiatry', there has been relatively little attention paid to its relevancy within criminology and the criminal justice system. Since public health practitioners, allied mental health professionals, and policymakers play key roles throughout criminal justice systems, a holistic perspective on both historical and emergent research is critical. While there are many questions to be resolved, the available evidence suggests that nutrition might be an underappreciated factor in prevention and treatment along the criminal justice spectrum. The intersection of nutrition and biopsychosocial health requires transdisciplinary discussions of power structures, industry influence, and marketing issues associated with widespread food and social inequalities. Some of these discussions are already occurring under the banner of 'food crime'. Given the vast societal implications, it is our contention that the subject of nutrition in the multidisciplinary field of criminology-referred to here as nutritional criminology-deserves increased scrutiny. Through combining historical findings and cutting-edge research, we aim to increase awareness of this topic among the broad readership of the journal, with the hopes of generating new hypotheses and collaborations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susan L. Prescott
- School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia;
- Nova Institute for Health, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA;
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- The ORIGINS Project, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Alan C. Logan
- Nova Institute for Health, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA;
| | - Christopher R. D’Adamo
- Nova Institute for Health, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA;
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Kathleen F. Holton
- Departments of Health Studies and Neuroscience, Center for Neuroscience and Behavior, American University, Washington, DC 20016, USA;
| | - Christopher A. Lowry
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Center for Neuroscience and Center for Microbial Exploration, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA;
| | - John Marks
- Department of Criminal Justice, Louisiana State University of Alexandria, Alexandria, LA 71302, USA;
| | - Rob Moodie
- School of Population and Global Health (MSPGH), University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia;
| | - Blake Poland
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5R 0A3, Canada;
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Yuan X, Yang J, Huang Y, Li J, Li Y. Gut Microbiota Metabolite 3-Indolepropionic Acid Directly Activates Hepatic Stellate Cells by ROS/JNK/p38 Signaling Pathways. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1464. [PMID: 37892146 PMCID: PMC10604901 DOI: 10.3390/biom13101464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
There has been a growing interest in studying the communication of gut microbial metabolites between the gut and the liver as liver fibrosis progresses. Although 3-Indolepropionic acid (IPA) is regarded as a clinically valuable gut metabolite for the treatment of certain chronic diseases, the effects of oral administration of IPA on hepatic fibrosis in different animal models have been conflicting. While some mechanisms have been proposed to explain these contradictory effects, the direct impact of IPA on hepatic fibrosis remains unclear. In this study, we found that IPA could directly activate LX-2 human hepatic stellate cells in vitro. IPA upregulated the expression of fibrogenic marker genes and promoted the features associated with HSCs activation, including proliferation and contractility. IPA also increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) in mitochondria and the expression of inflammation-related genes in LX-2 cells. However, when a ROS-blocking agent was used, these effects were reduced. p38 and JNK, the downstream signaling cascades of ROS, were found to be required for the activation of LX-2 induced by IPA. These findings suggest that IPA can directly activate hepatic stellate cells through ROS-induced JNK and p38 signaling pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Yuan
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China;
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan 528400, China; (J.Y.); (Y.H.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Junting Yang
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan 528400, China; (J.Y.); (Y.H.)
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Yuling Huang
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan 528400, China; (J.Y.); (Y.H.)
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Jia Li
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China;
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan 528400, China; (J.Y.); (Y.H.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China;
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan 528400, China; (J.Y.); (Y.H.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Trinchese G, Gena P, Cimmino F, Cavaliere G, Fogliano C, Garra S, Catapano A, Petrella L, Di Chio S, Avallone B, Calamita G, Mollica MP. Hepatocyte Aquaporins AQP8 and AQP9 Are Engaged in the Hepatic Lipid and Glucose Metabolism Modulating the Inflammatory and Redox State in Milk-Supplemented Rats. Nutrients 2023; 15:3651. [PMID: 37630841 PMCID: PMC10459073 DOI: 10.3390/nu15163651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Milk is an important source of nutrients and energy, but there are still many uncertainties regarding the health effects of milk and dairy products consumption. Milk from different species varies in physicochemical and nutritional properties. We previously showed that dietary supplements with different milks in rats trigger significant differences in metabolic and inflammatory states, modulating mitochondrial functions in metabolically active organs such as the liver and skeletal muscle. Here, we have deepened the effects of isoenergetic supplementation of milk (82 kJ) from cow (CM), donkey (DM) or human (HM) on hepatic metabolism to understand the interlink between mitochondrial metabolic flexibility, lipid storage and redox state and to highlight the possible role of two hepatocyte aquaporins (AQPs) of metabolic relevance, AQP8 and AQP9, in this crosstalk. Compared with rats with no milk supplementation, DM- and HM-fed rats had reduced hepatic lipid content with enhanced mitochondrial function and decreased oxidative stress. A marked reduction in AQP8, a hydrogen peroxide channel, was seen in the liver mitochondria of DM-fed rats compared with HM-fed, CM-fed and control animals. DM-fed or HM-fed rats also showed reduced hepatic inflammatory markers and less collagen and Kupffer cells. CM-fed rats showed higher hepatic fat content and increased AQP9 and glycerol permeability. A role of liver AQP8 and AQP9 is suggested in the different metabolic profiles resulting from milk supplementation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Trinchese
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (G.T.); (F.C.); (C.F.); (A.C.); (L.P.); (B.A.); (M.P.M.)
| | - Patrizia Gena
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70125 Bari, Italy; (P.G.); (S.G.)
| | - Fabiano Cimmino
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (G.T.); (F.C.); (C.F.); (A.C.); (L.P.); (B.A.); (M.P.M.)
| | - Gina Cavaliere
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy;
| | - Chiara Fogliano
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (G.T.); (F.C.); (C.F.); (A.C.); (L.P.); (B.A.); (M.P.M.)
| | - Sabino Garra
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70125 Bari, Italy; (P.G.); (S.G.)
| | - Angela Catapano
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (G.T.); (F.C.); (C.F.); (A.C.); (L.P.); (B.A.); (M.P.M.)
| | - Lidia Petrella
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (G.T.); (F.C.); (C.F.); (A.C.); (L.P.); (B.A.); (M.P.M.)
| | - Silvia Di Chio
- Azienda Sociosanitaria Territoriale Fatebenefratelli (ASST FBF) SACCO, University of Milan, 20157 Milan, Italy;
| | - Bice Avallone
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (G.T.); (F.C.); (C.F.); (A.C.); (L.P.); (B.A.); (M.P.M.)
| | - Giuseppe Calamita
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70125 Bari, Italy; (P.G.); (S.G.)
| | - Maria Pina Mollica
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (G.T.); (F.C.); (C.F.); (A.C.); (L.P.); (B.A.); (M.P.M.)
- Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, 80138 Naples, Italy
| |
Collapse
|