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He Y, Bianco A, Ménard-Moyon C. Size and crystallinity effects on enzymatic activity and anti-inflammatory properties of cysteine-assisted Prussian blue nanozymes. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 679:930-938. [PMID: 39413589 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2024] [Revised: 09/25/2024] [Accepted: 10/02/2024] [Indexed: 10/18/2024]
Abstract
Prussian blue nanoparticles (PB NPs) exhibit multiple enzymatic activities, such as superoxide dismutase-like, catalase-like, and peroxidase-like activities, which enable them to effectively scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS) and demonstrate anti-inflammatory effects. To further enhance the enzymatic activity of PB NPs, it is crucial to explore the relationship between their physicochemical properties, such as size and crystallinity, and their enzymatic performance. In this study, PB NPs were synthesized using different pH levels and varying concentrations of cysteine (Cys) as a stabilizer. As the size decreases, crystallinity is gradually reduced, and defects increase. Cys-PB NPs with a smaller size and lower crystallinity exhibited high peroxidase-like activity, effectively reducing inflammation and scavenging intracellular ROS in vitro. Additionally, the stability of Cys-PB NPs plays a critical role in their anti-inflammatory properties, with higher stability favouring anti-inflammatory effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilin He
- CNRS, Immunology, Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry, UPR 3572, University of Strasbourg, ISIS, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Alberto Bianco
- CNRS, Immunology, Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry, UPR 3572, University of Strasbourg, ISIS, 67000 Strasbourg, France.
| | - Cécilia Ménard-Moyon
- CNRS, Immunology, Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry, UPR 3572, University of Strasbourg, ISIS, 67000 Strasbourg, France; University of Strasbourg Institute of Advanced Study (USIAS), 67000 Strasbourg, France.
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2
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Yu A, Guo Z. Biomimetic Transparent Slippery Surface for the Locomotion of Photocontrol Droplets and Bubbles. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2405878. [PMID: 39328084 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202405878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2024] [Revised: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024]
Abstract
Directed transportation and collection of liquids and bubbles play a vital role in the survival of ecosystems. Among them, the optical response control is widely used in the fields of microfluidic chips and chemical synthesis because of its high remote operation and fast response speed. However, due to poor light transmission, the development direction of traditional near-infrared (NIR) absorbing materials in the field of visualization is limited, and there are few reports of manufacturing an operating platform that can realize the directional movement of droplets/bubbles on a single platform. Here, a transparent photo-responsive PBFS platform is prepared for droplet and bubble manipulation by coating the etched glass substrate with Prussian blue (PB) nanocubes. When near-infrared (NIR) irradiation on the PBFS platform, PB nanocubes trigger heat production by photothermal means, due to the action of Marangoni force, the surface tension on the left and right sides of the droplets and bubbles is not uniform, forming a surface tension gradient, thereby driving the movement of the droplets and bubbles. The control platform has good application potential in the field of microchemical reaction and biomedical engineering and brings new solutions to the field of transparent photothermal materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anhui Yu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, P. R. China
| | - Zhiguang Guo
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
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3
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Manoharan D, Wang LC, Chen YC, Li WP, Yeh CS. Catalytic Nanoparticles in Biomedical Applications: Exploiting Advanced Nanozymes for Therapeutics and Diagnostics. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2400746. [PMID: 38683107 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202400746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Catalytic nanoparticles (CNPs) as heterogeneous catalyst reveals superior activity due to their physio-chemical features, such as high surface-to-volume ratio and unique optical, electric, and magnetic properties. The CNPs, based on their physio-chemical nature, can either increase the reactive oxygen species (ROS) level for tumor and antibacterial therapy or eliminate the ROS for cytoprotection, anti-inflammation, and anti-aging. In addition, the catalytic activity of nanozymes can specifically trigger a specific reaction accompanied by the optical feature change, presenting the feasibility of biosensor and bioimaging applications. Undoubtedly, CNPs play a pivotal role in pushing the evolution of technologies in medical and clinical fields, and advanced strategies and nanomaterials rely on the input of chemical experts to develop. Herein, a systematic and comprehensive review of the challenges and recent development of CNPs for biomedical applications is presented from the viewpoint of advanced nanomaterial with unique catalytic activity and additional functions. Furthermore, the biosafety issue of applying biodegradable and non-biodegradable nanozymes and future perspectives are critically discussed to guide a promising direction in developing span-new nanozymes and more intelligent strategies for overcoming the current clinical limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divinah Manoharan
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Material and Medicinal Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Liu-Chun Wang
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
- Center of Applied Nanomedicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chi Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Peng Li
- Center of Applied Nanomedicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
- Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Sheng Yeh
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Material and Medicinal Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
- Center of Applied Nanomedicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
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Guo Z, Fu K, Sun J, Du W, Hao Q, Hu X. Near-infrared-responsive Prussian blue nanocages loaded with 5-fluorouracil for combined chemotherapy and photothermal therapy in tumor treatment. RSC Adv 2024; 14:24942-24951. [PMID: 39131498 PMCID: PMC11310659 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra04609a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Nanodrug delivery systems (NDDS) have been proposed to improve the targeting and bioavailability of chemotherapy drugs. The approach of drug loading via physical adsorption is facile to operate; however, there exists a risk of premature leakage. Coupling the drug molecules with the carrier through chemical reactions can guarantee the stability of the drug delivery process, yet the preparation procedure is relatively intricate. In this research, a kind of Prussian blue nanocage (PB Cage) was fabricated, and the phase change material, 1-pentadecanol, was used as the gating material to solidify 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) inside the nanocage. Upon irradiation with near-infrared (NIR) light, the temperature of the PB Cage can rise rapidly. When the temperature exceeds 43 °C, 1-pentadecanol undergoes a solid-liquid phase transition and subsequently releases 5-FU to inhibit DNA synthesis. Meanwhile, the photothermal therapy (PTT) mediated by the PB Cage is also capable of ablating tumor cells. The NDDS constructed based on PB has achieved the precise release of 5-FU triggered by NIR light, which may avoid side effects on normal tissues. Moreover, the combination of chemotherapy and photothermal therapy can efficaciously suppress the proliferation of tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyi Guo
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University Qingdao Shandong 26000 PR China
| | - Kang Fu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University Qingdao Shandong 26000 PR China
| | - Jingyi Sun
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University Qingdao Shandong 26000 PR China
| | - Wenhao Du
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University Qingdao Shandong 26000 PR China
| | - Qisheng Hao
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University Qingdao Shandong 26000 PR China
| | - Xiao Hu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University Qingdao Shandong 26000 PR China
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Zhao Q, Zhou Y, Zhang Q, Qu X, Jiang Y, Wu S, Zhang M, Zhao Q, Qiang Q, Li J, Li Y. Cobalt doped Prussian blue modified hollow polydopamine for enhanced antibacterial therapy. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 35:365101. [PMID: 38834038 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ad53d2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Give the emergence of drug resistance in bacteria resulting from antibiotic misuse, there is an urgent need for research and application of novel antibacterial approaches. In recent years, nanoparticles (NPs) have garnered significant attention due to their potential to disrupt bacteria cellular structure through loading drugs and special mechanisms, thus rendering them inactive. In this study, the surface of hollow polydopamine (HPDA) NPs was utilized for the growth of Prussian blue (PB), resulting in the formation of HPDA-PB NPs. Incorporation of Co element during the preparation process led to partial doping of PB with Co2+ions. The performance test results demonstrated that the HPDA-PB NPs exhibited superior photothermal conversion efficiency and peroxidase-like activity compared to PB NPs. HPDA-PB NPs have the ability to catalyze the formation of hydroxyl radicals from H2O2in a weakly acidic environment. Due to the tiny PB particles on the surface and the presence of Co2+doping, they have strong broad-spectrum antibacterial properties. Bothin vitroandin vivoevaluations confirm their efficacy against various bacterial strains, particularlyStaphylococcus aureus, and their potential to promote wound healing, making them a promising candidate for advanced wound care and antimicrobial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiyao Zhao
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, People's Republic of China
| | - Yifan Zhou
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, People's Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of Forest Bio-preparation, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, People's Republic of China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Utilization of Forestry-based Active Substances, Harbin 150040, People's Republic of China
| | - Qin Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaomeng Qu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Jiang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, People's Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of Forest Bio-preparation, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, People's Republic of China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Utilization of Forestry-based Active Substances, Harbin 150040, People's Republic of China
| | - Shilong Wu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, People's Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of Forest Bio-preparation, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, People's Republic of China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Utilization of Forestry-based Active Substances, Harbin 150040, People's Republic of China
| | - Meixuan Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, People's Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of Forest Bio-preparation, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, People's Republic of China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Utilization of Forestry-based Active Substances, Harbin 150040, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Zhao
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingwang Qiang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Li
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanyan Li
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, People's Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of Forest Bio-preparation, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, People's Republic of China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Utilization of Forestry-based Active Substances, Harbin 150040, People's Republic of China
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Zhao X, Leng D, Wang H, Jin H, Wu Y, Qin Z, Wu D, Wei X. An Acid-Responsive Iron-Based Nanocomposite for OSCC Treatment. J Dent Res 2024; 103:612-621. [PMID: 38684484 DOI: 10.1177/00220345241238154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common type of oral cancer, characterized by invasiveness, local lymph node metastasis, and poor prognosis. Traditional treatment and medications have limitations, making the specific inhibition of OSCC growth, invasion, and metastasis a challenge. The tumor microenvironment exhibits mildly acidity and high concentrations of H2O2, and its exploitation for cancer treatment has been widely researched across various cancers, but research in the oral cancer field is relatively limited. In this study, by loading ultra-small Prussian blue nanoparticles (USPBNPs) into mesoporous calcium-silicate nanoparticles (MCSNs), we developed an acid-responsive iron-based nanocomposite, USPBNPs@MCSNs (UPM), for the OSCC treatment. UPM demonstrated excellent dual enzyme activities, generating toxic ·OH in a mildly acidic environment, effectively killing OSCC cells and producing O2 in a neutral environment to alleviate tissue hypoxia. The results showed that UPM could effectively inhibit the proliferation, migration, and invasion of OSCC cells, as well as the growth of mice solid tumors, without obvious systemic toxicity. The mechanisms may involve UPM inducing ferroptosis of OSCC cells by downregulating the xCT/GPX4/glutathione (GSH) axis, characterized by intracellular iron accumulation, reactive oxygen species accumulation, GSH depletion, lipid peroxidation, and abnormal changes in mitochondrial morphology. Therefore, this study provides empirical support for ferroptosis as an emerging therapeutic target for OSCC and offers a valuable insight for future OSCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Zhao
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine & Department of Endodontics, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - D Leng
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine & Department of Endodontics, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - H Wang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine & Department of Endodontics, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - H Jin
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine & Department of Endodontics, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Y Wu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine & Department of Endodontics, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Z Qin
- Nanjing Medical University, The First Clinical Medical College, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - D Wu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine & Department of Endodontics, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - X Wei
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine & Department of Endodontics, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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7
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Jin Z, Jiang L, He Q. Critical learning from industrial catalysis for nanocatalytic medicine. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3857. [PMID: 38719843 PMCID: PMC11079063 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48319-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Systematical and critical learning from industrial catalysis will bring inspiration for emerging nanocatalytic medicine, but the relevant knowledge is quite limited so far. In this review, we briefly summarize representative catalytic reactions and corresponding catalysts in industry, and then distinguish the similarities and differences in catalytic reactions between industrial and medical applications in support of critical learning, deep understanding, and rational designing of appropriate catalysts and catalytic reactions for various medical applications. Finally, we summarize/outlook the present and potential translation from industrial catalysis to nanocatalytic medicine. This review is expected to display a clear picture of nanocatalytic medicine evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaokui Jin
- Medical Center on Aging, Ruijin Hospital; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hydrogen Science & Center of Hydrogen Science, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510182, China
| | - Lingdong Jiang
- College of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, 518118, China
| | - Qianjun He
- Medical Center on Aging, Ruijin Hospital; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hydrogen Science & Center of Hydrogen Science, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
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Yao J, Qiu Y, Xing J, Li Z, Zhang A, Tu K, Peng M, Wu X, Yang F, Wu A. Highly-Efficient Gallium-Interference Tumor Therapy Mediated by Gallium-Enriched Prussian Blue Nanomedicine. ACS NANO 2024. [PMID: 38197597 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c10994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Prussian blue (PB)-based nanomedicines constructed from metal ion coordination remain restricted due to their limited therapeutic properties, and their manifold evaluation complexity still needs to be unraveled. Owing to the high similarities of its ionic form to iron (Fe) and the resulting cellular homeostasis disruption performance, physiologically unstable and low-toxicity gallium (Ga) has garnered considerable attention clinically as an anti-carcinogen. Herein, Ga-based nanoparticles (NPs) with diverse Ga contents are fabricated in one step using PB with abundant Fe sites as a substrate for Ga substitution, which aims to overcome the deficiencies of both and develop an effective nanomedicine. A systematic comparison of their physicochemical properties effectively reveals the saturated Ga introduction state during the synthesis process, further identifying the most Ga-enriched PB NPs with a substitution content of >50% as a nanomedicine for subsequent exploration. It is verified that the Ga interference mechanisms mediated by the most Ga-enriched PB NPs are implicated in metabolic disorders, ionic homeostasis disruption, cellular structure dysfunction, apoptosis, autophagy, and target activation of the mammalian target of the rapamycin (mTOR) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways. This study provides significant guidance on exploiting clinically approved agents for Ga interference and lays the foundation for the next generation of PB-based theranostic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junlie Yao
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging Probe Materials and Technology, Zhejiang International Cooperation Base of Biomedical Materials Technology and Application, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yue Qiu
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging Probe Materials and Technology, Zhejiang International Cooperation Base of Biomedical Materials Technology and Application, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Jie Xing
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging Probe Materials and Technology, Zhejiang International Cooperation Base of Biomedical Materials Technology and Application, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Zihou Li
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging Probe Materials and Technology, Zhejiang International Cooperation Base of Biomedical Materials Technology and Application, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Aoran Zhang
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging Probe Materials and Technology, Zhejiang International Cooperation Base of Biomedical Materials Technology and Application, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
- Cixi Biomedical Research Institute, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang 315300, China
| | - Kewei Tu
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging Probe Materials and Technology, Zhejiang International Cooperation Base of Biomedical Materials Technology and Application, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Minjie Peng
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging Probe Materials and Technology, Zhejiang International Cooperation Base of Biomedical Materials Technology and Application, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
- Cixi Biomedical Research Institute, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang 315300, China
| | - Xiaoxia Wu
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging Probe Materials and Technology, Zhejiang International Cooperation Base of Biomedical Materials Technology and Application, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Fang Yang
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging Probe Materials and Technology, Zhejiang International Cooperation Base of Biomedical Materials Technology and Application, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
- Cixi Biomedical Research Institute, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang 315300, China
- Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory, Huizhou 516000, China
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging Probe Materials and Technology, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Aiguo Wu
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging Probe Materials and Technology, Zhejiang International Cooperation Base of Biomedical Materials Technology and Application, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
- Cixi Biomedical Research Institute, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang 315300, China
- Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory, Huizhou 516000, China
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging Probe Materials and Technology, Ningbo 315201, China
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