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Zhou B, Zong NC, Zhang Y, Huang Y, Youn JY, Cai H. Clinical characteristics of a COVID-19 cohort treated at UCLA Ronald Reagan Medical Center during the breaking phase of the pandemic: A retrospective study. Redox Biol 2024; 75:103178. [PMID: 38986245 PMCID: PMC11280086 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2024.103178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
To this date, COVID-19 remains an unresolved pandemic, and the impairment of redox homeostasis dictates the severity of clinical outcomes. Here we examined initial UCLA cohort of 440 COVID-19 patients hospitalized between March 1st and April 1st, 2020, representing the first wave of the pandemic. The mean age was 58.88 ± 21.12, among which males were significantly more than females (55.5 % vs. 44.5 %), most distinctively in age group of 50-69. The age groups of 50-69 (33.6 %) and ≥70 (34.8 %) dominated. The racial composition was in general agreement with Census data with slight under-representation of Hispanics and Asians, and over-representation of Caucasians. Smoking was a significant factor (28.8 % vs. 11.0 % in LA population), likewise for obesity (BMI ≥30) (37.4 % vs. 27.7 % in LA population). Patients suffering from obesity or BMI<18.5 checked into ICU at a significantly higher rate. A 74.5 % of the patients had comorbidities including diabetes, chronic kidney disease, chronic pulmonary disease, congestive heart failure and peripheral vascular disease. The levels of d-dimer were drastically upregulated (1159.5 ng/mL), indicating hypercoagulative state. Upregulated LDH (328 IU/L) indicated significant tissue damages. A distorted redox hemeostasis is a common trait associated with these risk factors and clinical markers. A quarter of the patients received antivirals, among which Remdesivir most prescribed (23.6 %). Majority received antithrombotics (75 %), and antibiotics. Upon admission, 67 patients were intubated or received CPR; 177 patients eventually received intensive care (40.2 %). While 290 were discharged alive, 10 remained hospitalized, 73 were transferred, and 36 died with 3 palliatively discharged. In summary, our data fully characterized a Californian cohort of COVID-19 at the breaking phase of the pandemic, indicating that population demographics, biophysical characters, comorbidities and molecular pathological parameters have significant impacts on the evolvement of a pandemic. These provide critical insights into effective management of COVID-19, and future break from another pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhou
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA
| | - Nobel Chenggong Zong
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA
| | - Yuhan Zhang
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA
| | - Yuanli Huang
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA
| | - Ji-Youn Youn
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA
| | - Hua Cai
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA.
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Sullivan DJ. Convalescent Plasma and Other Antibody Therapies for Infectious Diseases-Lessons Learned from COVID-19 and Future Prospects. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2024. [PMID: 39117846 DOI: 10.1007/82_2024_273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Antiviral passive antibody therapy includes convalescent plasma, hyperimmune globulin, and monoclonal antibodies. Passive antibodies have proven effective in reducing morbidity and mortality for SARS-CoV-2 and other infectious diseases when given early in the disease course with sufficiently high specific total and neutralizing antibody levels. Convalescent plasma can be delivered to patients before vaccination implementation or novel drug production. Carefully designed and executed randomized controlled trials near the pandemic outset are important for regulatory bodies, healthcare workers, guideline committees, the public, and the government. Unfortunately, many otherwise well-designed antibody-based clinical trials in COVID-19 were futile, either because they intervened too late in the disease or provided plasma with insufficient antibodies. The need for early treatment mandates outpatient clinical trials in parallel with inpatient trials. Early outpatient COVID-19 convalescent plasma transfusion with high antibody content within 9 days of symptom onset has proven effective in blunting disease progression and reducing hospitalization, thus reducing hospital overcrowding in a pandemic. Convalescent plasma offers the opportunity for hope by enabling community participation in outpatient curative therapy while monoclonal therapies, vaccines, and drugs are being developed. Maintaining the appropriate infrastructure for antibody infusion in both outpatient and inpatient facilities is critical for future pandemic readiness.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Sullivan
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe St Rm W4606, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
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Santangelo OE, Provenzano S, Di Martino G, Ferrara P. COVID-19 Vaccination and Public Health: Addressing Global, Regional, and Within-Country Inequalities. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:885. [PMID: 39204011 PMCID: PMC11360777 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12080885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2024] [Revised: 07/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic, with over 775 million cases and 7 million deaths by May 2024, has drastically impacted global public health and exacerbated existing healthcare inequalities. The swift development and distribution of COVID-19 vaccines have been critical in combating the virus, yet disparities in access to and administration of the vaccine have highlighted deep-seated inequities at global, regional, and national levels. Wealthier nations have benefited from early access to vaccines, while low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) have faced persistent shortages. Initiatives such as COVAX aimed to address these disparities, but challenges persist. Socioeconomic factors, education, ethnic identity, and the healthcare infrastructure play crucial roles in vaccine equity. For example, lower-income individuals often face barriers such as poor access to healthcare, misinformation, and logistical challenges, particularly in rural areas. Addressing these inequities requires a multifaceted approach, integrating national policies with local strategies to enhance vaccines' accessibility, counter misinformation, and ensure equitable distribution. Collaborative efforts at all levels are essential to promote vaccine equity and effectively control the pandemic, ensuring that all populations have fair access to life-saving vaccines. This review explores these complex issues, offering insights into the barriers and facilitators of vaccine equity and providing recommendations to promote more equitable and effective vaccination programs. With a focus on the different levels at which vaccination policies are planned and implemented, the text provides guidelines to steer vaccination strategies, emphasizing the role of international cooperation and local policy frameworks as keys to achieving equitable vaccination coverage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Enzo Santangelo
- Regional Health Care and Social Agency of Lodi, ASST Lodi, 26900 Lodi, Italy
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Di Martino
- Department of Medicine and Ageing Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Unit of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Public Health, Local Health Authority of Pescara, 65100 Pescara, Italy
| | - Pietro Ferrara
- Center for Public Health Research, University of Milan–Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
- Laboratory of Public Health, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, 20149 Milan, Italy
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Ciaco S, Aronne R, Fiabane M, Mori M. The Rise of Bacterial G-Quadruplexes in Current Antimicrobial Discovery. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:24163-24180. [PMID: 38882119 PMCID: PMC11170735 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c01731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a silent critical issue that poses several challenges to health systems. While the discovery of novel antibiotics is currently stalled and prevalently focused on chemical variations of the scaffolds of available drugs, novel targets and innovative strategies are urgently needed to face this global threat. In this context, bacterial G-quadruplexes (G4s) are emerging as timely and profitable targets for the design and development of antimicrobial agents. Indeed, they are expressed in regulatory regions of bacterial genomes, and their modulation has been observed to provide antimicrobial effects with translational perspectives in the context of AMR. In this work, we review the current knowledge of bacterial G4s as well as their modulation by small molecules, including tools and techniques suitable for these investigations. Finally, we critically analyze the needs and future directions in the field, with a focus on the development of small molecules as bacterial G4s modulators endowed with remarkable drug-likeness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Ciaco
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Rossella Aronne
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Martina Fiabane
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Mattia Mori
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
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Ray R, Anand C, Baruah TD, Mohanty D, Manju R. Impact of Covid-19 Pandemic on Waitlisted Preoperative General Surgical Patients in a Tertiary Care Hospital in India - Problems and Probable Solutions: an Observational Study. MAEDICA 2024; 19:335-341. [PMID: 39188826 PMCID: PMC11345079 DOI: 10.26574/maedica.2024.19.2.335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Among patients affected by Covid-19, a large subset included those who were on preoperative general surgical waiting list for elective operations. There are very few studies on the various factors that impacted these patients during the pandemic in India. The current study aimed to analyse the factors which hampered the surgical management of such patients and to suggest implementable solutions which can mitigate those factors in future pandemics. MATERIALS AND METHODS This was a cross sectional observational study conducted from March 2021 to February 2022. Patients from the surgical register who were placed on a waiting list for routine elective procedures like hernias, gallstone disease, benign thyroid swellings, etc were included, while those with malignancy and emergencies were excluded. We sought information about their current status regarding the planned surgery, the factors which have prevented or are preventing them from accessing suitable surgical service and the current status of individually experienced symptoms. RESULTS There were 38 respondents. Most of the patients belonged to the age group 40-60 years and had an average waiting period of more than six months. In 20/38 patients, surgery was postponed because of Covid-19 pandemic, seven patients were admitted but operation was postponed for various reasons, while a few others suffered due to financial difficulty or lockdown restrictions. In 23/38 patients' symptoms progressed and nine patients had unbearable symptoms at the time of the study. Two of the 38 respondents underwent emergency surgery outside the institute. All subjects knew that Covid-19 patients were being treated in the institute, where most of them were still willing to continue their treatment. Three patients refused to continue treatment because of apprehension about getting Covid-19. CONCLUSION Although the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the Covid-19 pandemic over, experts opine that there might be more such incidents in not-too-distant future. Our study is among the few of its kind that provides some analytical data regarding the factors which prevented the general surgical patients access to surgical service in India during the Covid-19 pandemic and to suggest some implementable strategies to mitigate the effect of those factors in future pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubik Ray
- Department of General Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, India
| | - Chetan Anand
- Department of General Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, India
| | - Tridip Dutta Baruah
- Department of General Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, India
| | - Debajyoti Mohanty
- Department of General Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, India
| | - R Manju
- Department of General Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, India
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Tiwari A, Lehto KM, Paspaliari DK, Al-Mustapha AI, Sarekoski A, Hokajärvi AM, Länsivaara A, Hyder R, Luomala O, Lipponen A, Oikarinen S, Heikinheimo A, Pitkänen T. Developing wastewater-based surveillance schemes for multiple pathogens: The WastPan project in Finland. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 926:171401. [PMID: 38467259 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Wastewater comprises multiple pathogens and offers a potential for wastewater-based surveillance (WBS) to track the prevalence of communicable diseases. The Finnish WastPan project aimed to establish wastewater-based pandemic preparedness for multiple pathogens (viruses, bacteria, parasites, fungi), including antimicrobial resistance (AMR). This article outlines WastPan's experiences in this project, including the criteria for target selection, sampling locations, frequency, analysis methods, and results communication. Target selection relied on epidemiological and microbiological evidence and practical feasibility. Within the WastPan framework, wastewater samples were collected between 2021 and 2023 from 10 wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) covering 40 % of Finland's population. WWTP selection was validated for reported cases of Extended Spectrum Beta-lactamase-producing bacterial pathogens (Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae) from the National Infectious Disease Register. The workflow included 24-h composite influent samples, with one fraction for culture-based analysis (bacteria and fungi) and the rest of the sample was reserved for molecular analysis (viruses, bacteria, antibiotic resistance genes, and parasites). The reproducibility of the monitoring workflow was assessed for SARS-CoV-2 through inter-laboratory comparisons using the N2 and N1 assays. Identical protocols were applied to same-day samples, yielding similar positivity trends in the two laboratories, but the N2 assay achieved a significantly higher detection rate (Laboratory 1: 91.5 %; Laboratory 2: 87.4 %) than the N1 assay (76.6 %) monitored only in Laboratory 2 (McNemar, p < 0.001 Lab 1, = 0.006 Lab 2). This result indicates that the selection of monitoring primers and assays may impact monitoring sensitivity in WBS. Overall, the current study recommends that the selection of sampling frequencies and population coverage of the monitoring should be based on pathogen-specific epidemiological characteristics. For example, pathogens that are stable over time may need less frequent annual sampling, while those that are occurring across regions may require reduced sample coverage. Here, WastPan successfully piloted WBS for monitoring multiple pathogens, highlighting the significance of one-litre community composite wastewater samples for assessing community health. The infrastructure established for COVID-19 WBS is valuable for monitoring various pathogens. The prioritization of the monitoring targets optimizes resource utilization. In the future legislative support in target selection, coverage determination, and sustained funding for WBS is recomended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ananda Tiwari
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Department of Health Security, Kuopio and Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Kirsi-Maarit Lehto
- Tampere University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere, Finland.
| | - Dafni K Paspaliari
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Department of Health Security, Kuopio and Helsinki, Finland; ECDC Fellowship Programme, Public Health Microbiology path (EUPHEM), European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), Solna, Sweden
| | - Ahmad I Al-Mustapha
- University of Helsinki, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
| | - Anniina Sarekoski
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Department of Health Security, Kuopio and Helsinki, Finland; University of Helsinki, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Anna-Maria Hokajärvi
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Department of Health Security, Kuopio and Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Annika Länsivaara
- Tampere University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere, Finland.
| | - Rafiqul Hyder
- Tampere University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere, Finland.
| | - Oskari Luomala
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Department of Health Security, Kuopio and Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Anssi Lipponen
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Department of Health Security, Kuopio and Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Sami Oikarinen
- Tampere University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere, Finland.
| | - Annamari Heikinheimo
- University of Helsinki, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Helsinki, Finland; Finnish Food Authority, Seinäjoki, Finland.
| | - Tarja Pitkänen
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Department of Health Security, Kuopio and Helsinki, Finland; University of Helsinki, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Helsinki, Finland.
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7
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Branda F, Romano C, Ciccozzi M, Giovanetti M, Scarpa F, Ciccozzi A, Maruotti A. Mpox: An Overview of Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Public Health Implications. J Clin Med 2024; 13:2234. [PMID: 38673507 PMCID: PMC11050819 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13082234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Mpox, caused by viruses of the genus Orthopoxvirus, is an emerging threat to human and animal health. With increasing urbanization and more frequent interaction between humans and wild animals, the risk of Mpox transmission to humans has increased significantly. This review aims to examine in depth the epidemiology, pathogenesis, and diagnosis of Mpox, with a special focus on recent discoveries and advances in understanding the disease. Molecular mechanisms involved in viral replication will be examined, as well as risk factors associated with interspecific transmission and spread of the disease in human populations. Currently available diagnostic methods will also be discussed, with a critical analysis of their limitations and possible future directions for improving the accuracy and timeliness of diagnosis. Finally, this review will explore the public health implications associated with Mpox, emphasizing the importance of epidemiological surveillance, vaccination, and emergency preparedness to prevent and manage possible outbreaks. Understanding the epidemiology and control strategies for Mpox is critical to protecting the health of human and animal communities and mitigating the risk of interspecific transmission and spread of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Branda
- Unit of Medical Statistics and Molecular Epidemiology, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, 00128 Rome, Italy; (F.B.)
| | - Chiara Romano
- Unit of Medical Statistics and Molecular Epidemiology, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, 00128 Rome, Italy; (F.B.)
| | - Massimo Ciccozzi
- Unit of Medical Statistics and Molecular Epidemiology, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, 00128 Rome, Italy; (F.B.)
| | - Marta Giovanetti
- Sciences and Technologies for Sustainable Development and One Health, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, 00128 Roma, Italy
- Climate Amplified Diseases and Epidemics (CLIMADE), Brasilia 70070-130, Brazil
- Instituto Rene Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte 30190-002, Brazil
| | - Fabio Scarpa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43b, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Alessandra Ciccozzi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43b, 07100 Sassari, Italy
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Brinkley A, Sandercock G, Lowry R, Freeman P. What determines participation in sport for older adults in England: A multilevel analysis of Active Lives data. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0301790. [PMID: 38574011 PMCID: PMC10994306 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0301790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Physical inactivity within an ageing population is an ongoing public health concern for policymakers. Engagement in sport forms a foundation of policy designed to encourage physical activity participation and improve health and wellbeing. This study aimed to (i) understand the extent to which older adults participate in sport and the (ii) correlates that predict this involvement within an English population sample of older adults. A further aim was (iii) to examine the extent in which sports participation may vary due to the opportunity provided across Active Partnerships in England. To address this, a multi-level analysis framed through COM-B was conducted of the 2021 English Active Lives dataset (i.e., during the COVID-19 pandemic). The Active Lives survey provides population-level insight into sport, exercise, and physical activity participation across England. It samples upwards of n = 180,000 participants beyond the age of 16 years and asks questions on factors that influence participation. Our findings drawn from a sample of n = 68,808 older adults (i.e., >60-years of age) indicate that when accounting for variation across regions sports participation was significantly predicted by age (β = -.246, p = .040) and multiple deprivation (β = .706, p = .030). Further, our analysis suggests sports participation across regions is associated with changes in the perceptions of opportunity to participate (β = -28.70, p = .001). As the UK transitions from the COVID-19 pandemic, findings have implications for the promotion of sports participation for older adults, in that local, regional, and national stakeholders must do more to change perceptions of social and physical opportunity within an ageing population. This may be achieved through adaptations to the recreational sporting landscape, raising awareness, and supportive policy changes on a national level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Brinkley
- School of Sport, Rehabilitation and Exercise Sciences, University of Essex, Essex, United Kingdom
| | - Gavin Sandercock
- School of Sport, Rehabilitation and Exercise Sciences, University of Essex, Essex, United Kingdom
| | - Ruth Lowry
- School of Sport, Rehabilitation and Exercise Sciences, University of Essex, Essex, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Freeman
- School of Sport, Rehabilitation and Exercise Sciences, University of Essex, Essex, United Kingdom
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Titball RW, Bernstein DI, Fanget NVJ, Hall RA, Longet S, MacAry PA, Rupp RE, van Gils M, von Messling V, Walker DH, Barrett ADT. Progress with COVID vaccine development and implementation. NPJ Vaccines 2024; 9:69. [PMID: 38561358 PMCID: PMC10985065 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-024-00867-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - David I Bernstein
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | | | - Roy A Hall
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Stephanie Longet
- CIRI - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team GIMAP, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, CIC 1408 Vaccinology, F42023, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Paul A MacAry
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Richard E Rupp
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Marit van Gils
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - David H Walker
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Alan D T Barrett
- Sealy Institute for Vaccine Sciences and Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
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10
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Pantaleon Garcia J, Evans SE. Omics-based profiles and biomarkers of respiratory infections: are we there yet? Eur Respir J 2024; 63:2400137. [PMID: 38453245 PMCID: PMC10918315 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00137-2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
From the influenza pandemic of 1918–1919 to the most recent COVID-19 pandemic, respiratory infections remain a leading cause of mortality worldwide [1, 2]. Concurrently, the development of high-throughput omics technologies has revolutionised research about host responses to known and emerging respiratory pathogens [3], accelerating our understanding of highly prevalent pulmonary diseases [4]. Notably, omics technology-based characterisation of pathogens and host pathophysiology have critically supported diagnostic and therapeutic global health efforts during both the influenza A H1N1 and SARS-CoV-2 pandemics [5–7]. Nonetheless, elucidation of key immune response mechanisms and development of host-targeted therapeutics remain important unrealised research and clinical priorities in the global fight against lower respiratory tract infections (LTRIs) [8, 9]. Descriptive omics-based clinical research provides valuable early steps in understanding host immune responses to respiratory pathogens in our global efforts to mitigate the impacts of severe respiratory infections with rapidly evolving technologies https://bit.ly/4bjJsvL
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Affiliation(s)
- Jezreel Pantaleon Garcia
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Scott E Evans
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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Parums DV. Editorial: Global Health Concerns as Vaccine-Preventable Infections Including SARS-CoV-2 (JN.1), Influenza, Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV), and Measles Continue to Rise. Med Sci Monit 2024; 30:e943911. [PMID: 38298093 PMCID: PMC10845785 DOI: 10.12659/msm.943911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
In December 2023, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) published the updated 2024 Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) Adult Immunization Schedule, which is available online for access by the public and healthcare professionals. These new guidelines come at a time when the incidence of vaccine-preventable viral infections from SARS-CoV-2 (JN.1), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), influenza, and measles are increasing in adults and children due to vaccine hesitancy, or non-compliance. This editorial aims to highlight the ongoing global health concerns for the consequences of increasing reports of vaccine-preventable infections, including SARS-CoV-2 (JN.1), influenza, RSV, and measles, to understand the causes of vaccine hesitancy, and introduce some public health measures that could improve vaccine uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinah V. Parums
- Science Editor, Medical Science Monitor, International Scientific Information, Inc., Melville, NY, USA, e-mail:
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