1
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Hu T, Wang Y, Wang Y, Cui H, Zhang J, Chen H, Wu B, Hao S, Chu CC, Wu Y, Zeng W. Production and evaluation of three kinds of vaccines against largemouth bass virus, and DNA vaccines show great application prospects. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 153:109841. [PMID: 39173984 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 08/10/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
Largemouth bass virus (LMBV) infections has resulted in high mortality and economic losses to the global largemouth bass industry and has seriously restricted the healthy development of the bass aquaculture industry. There are currently no antiviral therapies available for the control of this disease. In this study, we developed three types of vaccine against LMBV; whole virus inactivated vaccine (I), a subunit vaccine composed of the major viral capsid protein MCP (S) as well as an MCP DNA vaccine(D), These were employed using differing immunization and booster strategies spaced 2 weeks apart as follows: II, SS, DD and DS. We found that all vaccine groups induced humoral and cellular immune responses and protected largemouth bass from a lethal LMBV challenge to varying degrees and DD produced the best overall effect. Specifically, the levels of specific IgM in serum in all immunized groups were elevated and significantly higher than those in the control group. Moreover, the expression of humoral immunity (CD4 and IgM) and cellular immunity (MHCI-α) as well as cytokines (IL-1β) was increased, and the activity of immunity-related enzymes ACP, AKP, LZM, and T-SOD in the serum was significantly enhanced. In addition, the relative percent survival of fish following an LMBV lethal challenge 4 weeks after the initial immunizations were high for each group: DD(89.5 %),DS(63.2 %),SS(50 %) and II (44.7 %). These results indicated that the MCP DNA vaccine is the most suitable and promising vaccine candidate for the effective control of LMBV disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianmei Hu
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, 528225, PR China
| | - Yaoda Wang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, 528225, PR China
| | - Yuhui Wang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, 528225, PR China
| | - Hongye Cui
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, 528225, PR China
| | - Jiping Zhang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, 528225, PR China
| | - Haiyue Chen
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, 528225, PR China
| | - Baozhou Wu
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, 528225, PR China
| | - Shuguang Hao
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, 528225, PR China
| | - Chien Chi Chu
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, 528225, PR China
| | - Yali Wu
- Foshan Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Foshan, 528145, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Weiwei Zeng
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, 528225, PR China.
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2
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Gavil NV, Cheng K, Masopust D. Resident memory T cells and cancer. Immunity 2024; 57:1734-1751. [PMID: 39142275 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2024.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
Tissue-resident memory T (TRM) cells positively correlate with cancer survival, but the anti-tumor mechanisms underlying this relationship are not understood. This review reconciles these observations, summarizing concepts of T cell immunosurveillance, fundamental TRM cell biology, and clinical observations on the role of TRM cells in cancer and immunotherapy outcomes. We also discuss emerging strategies that utilize TRM-phenotype cells for patient diagnostics, staging, and therapy. Current challenges are highlighted, including a lack of standardized T cell nomenclature and our limited understanding of relationships between T cell markers and underlying tumor biology. Existing findings are integrated into a summary of the field while emphasizing opportunities for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noah Veis Gavil
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Katarina Cheng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - David Masopust
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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3
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He Y, Sun H, Bao H, Hou J, Zhou Q, Wu F, Wang X, Sun M, Shi J, Tang G, Bai H. A natural adhesive-based nanomedicine initiates photothermal-directed in situ immunotherapy with durability and maintenance. Biomaterials 2024; 312:122751. [PMID: 39121726 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2024.122751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Tumor immunotherapies have emerged as a promising frontier in the realm of cancer treatment. However, challenges persist in achieving localized, durable immunostimulation while counteracting the tumor's immunosuppressive environment. Here, we develop a natural mussel foot protein-based nanomedicine with spatiotemporal control for tumor immunotherapy. In this nanomedicine, an immunoadjuvant prodrug and a photosensitizer are integrated, which is driven by their dynamic bonding and non-covalent assembling with the protein carrier. Harnessing the protein carrier's bioadhesion, this nanomedicine achieves a drug co-delivery with spatiotemporal precision, by which it not only promotes tumor photothermal ablation but also broadens tumor antigen repertoire, facilitating in situ immunotherapy with durability and maintenance. This nanomedicine also modulates the tumor microenvironment to overcome immunosuppression, thereby amplifying antitumor responses against tumor progression. Our strategy underscores a mussel foot protein-derived design philosophy of drug delivery aimed at refining combinatorial immunotherapy, offering insights into leveraging natural proteins for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhong He
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, 310028 Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Hong Sun
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, 310028 Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Hanxiao Bao
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, 310028 Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Jue Hou
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, 310028 Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Qiaomei Zhou
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, 310028 Hangzhou, PR China; Department of Radiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310028 Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Fan Wu
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, 310028 Hangzhou, PR China; Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310028 Hangzhou, PR China
| | | | - Mingli Sun
- Zhejiang Laboratory, 311100 Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Junhui Shi
- Zhejiang Laboratory, 311100 Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Guping Tang
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, 310028 Hangzhou, PR China; Department of Radiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310028 Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Hongzhen Bai
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, 310028 Hangzhou, PR China.
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4
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Niu G, Bi X, Kang Y, Zhao H, Li R, Ding M, Zhou B, Zhai Y, Ji X, Chen Y. An Acceptor-Donor-Acceptor Structured Nano-Aggregate for NIR-Triggered Interventional Photoimmunotherapy of Cervical Cancer. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2407199. [PMID: 39096075 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202407199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2024] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Compared with conventional therapies, photoimmunotherapy offers precise targeted cancer treatment with minimal damage to healthy tissues and reduced side effects, but its efficacy may be limited by shallow light penetration and the potential for tumor resistance. Here, an acceptor-donor-acceptor (A-D-A)-structured nanoaggregate is developed with dual phototherapy, including photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photothermal therapy (PTT), triggered by single near-infrared (NIR) light. Benefiting from strong intramolecular charge transfer (ICT), the A-D-A-structured nanoaggregates exhibit broad absorption extending to the NIR region and effectively suppressed fluorescence, which enables deep penetration and efficient photothermal conversion (η = 67.94%). A suitable HOMO-LUMO distribution facilitates sufficient intersystem crossing (ISC) to convert ground-state oxygen (3O2) to singlet oxygen (1O2) and superoxide anions (·O2 -), and catalyze hydroxyl radical (·OH) generation. The enhanced ICT and ISC effects endow the A-D-A structured nanoaggregates with efficient PTT and PDT for cervical cancer, inducing efficient immunogenic cell death. In combination with clinical aluminum adjuvant gel, a novel photoimmunotherapy strategy for cervical cancer is developed and demonstrated to significantly inhibit primary and metastatic tumors in orthotopic and intraperitoneal metastasis cervical cancer animal models. The noninvasive therapy strategy offers new insights for clinical early-stage and advanced cervical cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaoli Niu
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Medical College, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, 454000, China
| | - Xingqi Bi
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yong Kang
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Medical College, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Hua Zhao
- Henan Reproductive Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450003, China
| | - Ruiyan Li
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Medical College, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Mengbin Ding
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Medical College, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Baoli Zhou
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Medical College, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Yanhong Zhai
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, 454000, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Ji
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Medical College, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
- Medical College, Linyi University, Linyi, 276000, China
| | - Yongsheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
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5
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Lou J, Meyer C, Vitner EB, Adu-Berchie K, Dacus MT, Bovone G, Chen A, To T, Weitz DA, Mooney DJ. Surface-Functionalized Microgels as Artificial Antigen-Presenting Cells to Regulate Expansion of T Cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2309860. [PMID: 38615189 PMCID: PMC11293993 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202309860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
Artificial antigen-presenting cells (aAPCs) are currently used to manufacture T cells for adoptive therapy in cancer treatment, but a readily tunable and modular system can enable both rapid T cell expansion and control over T cell phenotype. Here, it is shown that microgels with tailored surface biochemical properties can serve as aAPCs to mediate T cell activation and expansion. Surface functionalization of microgels is achieved via layer-by-layer coating using oppositely charged polymers, forming a thin but dense polymer layer on the surface. This facile and versatile approach is compatible with a variety of coating polymers and allows efficient and flexible surface-specific conjugation of defined peptides or proteins. The authors demonstrate that tethering appropriate stimulatory ligands on the microgel surface efficiently activates T cells for polyclonal and antigen-specific expansion. The expansion, phenotype, and functional outcome of primary mouse and human T cells can be regulated by modulating the concentration, ratio, and distribution of stimulatory ligands presented on microgel surfaces as well as the stiffness and viscoelasticity of the microgels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junzhe Lou
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Charlotte Meyer
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
- Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, ETH Zürich, Zürich, 8092, Switzerland
| | - Einat B Vitner
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Kwasi Adu-Berchie
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Mason T Dacus
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Giovanni Bovone
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Anqi Chen
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Tania To
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - David A Weitz
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - David J Mooney
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
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6
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Mehta NK, Rakhra K, Meetze KA, Li B, Momin N, Chang JY, Wittrup KD, Baeuerle PA, Michaelson JS. CLN-617 Retains IL2 and IL12 in Injected Tumors to Drive Robust and Systemic Immune-Mediated Antitumor Activity. Cancer Immunol Res 2024; 12:1022-1038. [PMID: 38842347 PMCID: PMC11292205 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-23-0636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Despite clinical evidence of antitumor activity, the development of cytokine therapies has been hampered by a narrow therapeutic window and limited response rates. Two cytokines of high interest for clinical development are interleukin 2 (IL2) and interleukin 12 (IL12), which potently synergize to promote the activation and proliferation of T cells and NK cells. However, the only approved human IL2 therapy, Proleukin, is rarely used in the clinic due to systemic toxicities, and no IL12 product has been approved to date due to severe dose-limiting toxicities. Here, we describe CLN-617, a first-in-class therapeutic for intratumoral (IT) injection that co-delivers IL2 and IL12 on a single molecule in a safe and effective manner. CLN-617 is a single-chain fusion protein comprised of IL2, leukocyte-associated immunoglobulin-like receptor 2 (LAIR2), human serum albumin (HSA), and IL12. LAIR2 and HSA function to retain CLN-617 in the treated tumor by binding collagen and increasing molecular weight, respectively. We found that IT administration of a murine surrogate of CLN-617, mCLN-617, eradicated established treated and untreated tumors in syngeneic models, significantly improved response to anti-PD1 checkpoint therapy, and generated a robust abscopal response dependent on cellular immunity and antigen cross-presentation. CLN-617 is being evaluated in a clinical trial in patients with advanced solid tumors (NCT06035744).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kavya Rakhra
- Cullinan Therapeutics, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts.
| | | | - Bochong Li
- Cullinan Therapeutics, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts.
| | - Noor Momin
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
| | | | - K. Dane Wittrup
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
| | - Patrick A. Baeuerle
- Cullinan Therapeutics, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts.
- Institute for Immunology, Ludwig Maximilians University, München, Germany.
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7
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Liu T, Yao W, Sun W, Yuan Y, Liu C, Liu X, Wang X, Jiang H. Components, Formulations, Deliveries, and Combinations of Tumor Vaccines. ACS NANO 2024; 18:18801-18833. [PMID: 38979917 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c05065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Tumor vaccines, an important part of immunotherapy, prevent cancer or kill existing tumor cells by activating or restoring the body's own immune system. Currently, various formulations of tumor vaccines have been developed, including cell vaccines, tumor cell membrane vaccines, tumor DNA vaccines, tumor mRNA vaccines, tumor polypeptide vaccines, virus-vectored tumor vaccines, and tumor-in-situ vaccines. There are also multiple delivery systems for tumor vaccines, such as liposomes, cell membrane vesicles, viruses, exosomes, and emulsions. In addition, to decrease the risk of tumor immune escape and immune tolerance that may exist with a single tumor vaccine, combination therapy of tumor vaccines with radiotherapy, chemotherapy, immune checkpoint inhibitors, cytokines, CAR-T therapy, or photoimmunotherapy is an effective strategy. Given the critical role of tumor vaccines in immunotherapy, here, we look back to the history of tumor vaccines, and we discuss the antigens, adjuvants, formulations, delivery systems, mechanisms, combination therapy, and future directions of tumor vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengfei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China
| | - Wenyan Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China
| | - Wenyu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China
| | - Yihan Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China
| | - Chen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China
| | - Xuemei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China
| | - Hui Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China
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8
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Pires IS, Covarrubias G, Gomerdinger VF, Backlund C, Shanker A, Gordon E, Wu S, Pickering AJ, Melo MB, Suh H, Irvine DJ, Hammond PT. "Target-and-release" nanoparticles for effective immunotherapy of metastatic ovarian cancer. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.07.05.602135. [PMID: 39005274 PMCID: PMC11245112 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.05.602135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Immunotherapies such as checkpoint inhibitors (CPI) are effective in treating several advanced cancers, but these treatments have had limited success in metastatic ovarian cancer (OC). Here, we engineered liposomal nanoparticles (NPs) carrying a layer-by-layer (LbL) polymer coating that promotes their binding to the surface of OC cells. Covalent anchoring of the potent immunostimulatory cytokine interleukin-12 (IL-12) to phospholipid headgroups of the liposome core enabled the LbL particles to concentrate IL-12 in disseminated OC tumors following intraperitoneal administration. Shedding of the LbL coating and serum protein-mediated extraction of IL-12-conjugated lipids from the liposomal core over time enabled IL-12 to disseminate in the tumor bed following rapid NP localization in tumor nodules. Optimized IL-12 LbL-NPs promoted robust T cell accumulation in ascites and tumors in mouse models, extending survival compared to free IL-12 and remarkedly sensitizing tumors to CPI, leading to curative treatments and immune memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan S Pires
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Gil Covarrubias
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Victoria F Gomerdinger
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Coralie Backlund
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Apoorv Shanker
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Ezra Gordon
- Department of Chemical Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Shengwei Wu
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Andrew J Pickering
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Mariane B Melo
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Heikyung Suh
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Darrell J Irvine
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Paula T Hammond
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02139 USA
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9
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Xu S, Xu Y, Solek NC, Chen J, Gong F, Varley AJ, Golubovic A, Pan A, Dong S, Zheng G, Li B. Tumor-Tailored Ionizable Lipid Nanoparticles Facilitate IL-12 Circular RNA Delivery for Enhanced Lung Cancer Immunotherapy. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2400307. [PMID: 38657273 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202400307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
The advancement of message RNA (mRNA) -based immunotherapies for cancer is highly dependent on the effective delivery of RNA (Ribonucleic) payloads using ionizable lipid nanoparticles (LNPs). However, the clinical application of these therapies is hindered by variable mRNA expression among different cancer types and the risk of systemic toxicity. The transient expression profile of mRNA further complicates this issue, necessitating frequent dosing and thus increasing the potential for adverse effects. Addressing these challenges, a high-throughput combinatorial method is utilized to synthesize and screen LNPs that efficiently deliver circular RNA (circRNA) to lung tumors. The lead LNP, H1L1A1B3, demonstrates a fourfold increase in circRNA transfection efficiency in lung cancer cells over ALC-0315, the industry-standard LNPs, while providing potent immune activation. A single intratumoral injection of H1L1A1B3 LNPs, loaded with circRNA encoding interleukin-12 (IL-12), induces a robust immune response in a Lewis lung carcinoma model, leading to marked tumor regression. Immunological profiling of treated tumors reveals substantial increments in CD45+ leukocytes and enhances infiltration of CD8+ T cells, underscoring the ability of H1L1A1B3 LNPs to modulate the tumor microenvironment favorably. These results highlight the potential of tailored LNP platforms to advance RNA drug delivery for cancer therapy, broadening the prospects for RNA immunotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shufen Xu
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Yue Xu
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Nicholas C Solek
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Jingan Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Fanglin Gong
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Andrew James Varley
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Alex Golubovic
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Anni Pan
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Songtao Dong
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Gang Zheng
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1L7, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Bowen Li
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3M2, Canada
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 2C1, Canada
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10
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Wang B, Tang M, Chen Q, Ho W, Teng Y, Xiong X, Jia Z, Li X, Xu X, Zhang XQ. Delivery of mRNA Encoding Interleukin-12 and a Stimulator of Interferon Genes Agonist Potentiates Antitumor Efficacy through Reversing T Cell Exhaustion. ACS NANO 2024; 18:15499-15516. [PMID: 38832815 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c00063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
T cell exhaustion has emerged as a major hurdle that impedes the clinical translation of stimulator of interferon genes (STING) agonists. It is crucial to explore innovative strategies to rejuvenate exhausted T cells and potentiate the antitumor efficacy. Here, we propose an approach utilizing MSA-2 as a STING agonist, along with nanoparticle-mediated delivery of mRNA encoding interleukin-12 (IL-12) to restore the function of T cells. We developed a lipid nanoparticle (DMT7-IL12 LNP) that encapsulated IL12 mRNA. Our findings convincingly demonstrated that the combination of MSA-2 and DMT7-IL12 LNP can effectively reverse the exhausted T cell phenotype, as evidenced by the enhanced secretion of cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor alpha, interferon gamma, and Granzyme B, coupled with reduced levels of inhibitory molecules such as T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-3 and programmed cell death protein-1 on CD8+ T cells. Furthermore, this approach led to improved survival and tumor regression without causing any systemic toxicity in melanoma and lung metastasis models. These findings suggest that mRNA encoding IL-12 in conjunction with STING agonists has the potential to confer superior clinical outcomes, representing a promising advancement in cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Drug Target Identification and Delivery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National Key Laboratory of Innovative Immunotherapy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Maoping Tang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Drug Target Identification and Delivery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National Key Laboratory of Innovative Immunotherapy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Qijing Chen
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Drug Target Identification and Delivery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National Key Laboratory of Innovative Immunotherapy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | | | - Yilong Teng
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Drug Target Identification and Delivery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National Key Laboratory of Innovative Immunotherapy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xiaojian Xiong
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Drug Target Identification and Delivery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National Key Laboratory of Innovative Immunotherapy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zhitong Jia
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Drug Target Identification and Delivery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National Key Laboratory of Innovative Immunotherapy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xiuling Li
- Shanghai Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200051, China
| | | | - Xue-Qing Zhang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Drug Target Identification and Delivery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National Key Laboratory of Innovative Immunotherapy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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11
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Henise J, Hangasky JA, Charych D, Carreras CW, Ashley GW, Santi DV. A platform technology for ultra-long acting intratumoral therapy. Sci Rep 2024; 14:14000. [PMID: 38890412 PMCID: PMC11189489 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-64261-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Intratumoral (IT) therapy is a powerful method of controlling tumor growth, but a major unsolved problem is the rapidity that injected drugs exit tumors, limiting on-target exposure and efficacy. We have developed a generic long acting IT delivery system in which a drug is covalently tethered to hydrogel microspheres (MS) by a cleavable linker; upon injection the conjugate forms a depot that slowly releases the drug and "bathes" the tumor for long periods. We established technology to measure tissue pharmacokinetics and studied MSs attached to SN-38, a topoisomerase 1 inhibitor. When MS ~ SN-38 was injected locally, tissues showed high levels of SN-38 with a long half-life of ~ 1 week. IT MS ~ SN-38 was ~ tenfold more efficacious as an anti-tumor agent than systemic SN-38. We also propose and provide an example that long-acting IT therapy might enable safe use of two drugs with overlapping toxicities. Here, long-acting IT MS ~ SN-38 is delivered with concurrent systemic PARP inhibitor. The tumor is exposed to both drugs whereas other tissues are exposed only to the systemic drug; synergistic anti-tumor activity supported the validity of this approach. We propose use of this approach to increase efficacy and reduce toxicities of combinations of immune checkpoint inhibitors such as αCTLA-4 and αPD-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeff Henise
- ProLynx, 135 Mississippi Street, San Francisco, CA, 94107, USA
| | - John A Hangasky
- ProLynx, 135 Mississippi Street, San Francisco, CA, 94107, USA
| | - Deborah Charych
- Nektar, 455 Mission Bay Blvd. South, San Francisco, CA, USA
- ShynianBio Inc., 1001 17th St., San Francisco, CA, 94107, USA
| | | | - Gary W Ashley
- ProLynx, 135 Mississippi Street, San Francisco, CA, 94107, USA
| | - Daniel V Santi
- ProLynx, 135 Mississippi Street, San Francisco, CA, 94107, USA.
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12
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Janes ME, Park KS, Gottlieb AP, Curreri A, Adebowale K, Kim J, Mitragotri S. Dendritic Cell Immune Modulation via Polyphenol Membrane Coatings. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:28070-28079. [PMID: 38779939 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c01575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Cellular hitchhiking is an emerging strategy for the in vivo control of adoptively transferred immune cells. Hitchhiking approaches are primarily mediated by adhesion of nano and microparticles to the cell membrane, which conveys an ability to modulate transferred cells via local drug delivery. Although T cell therapies employing this strategy have progressed into the clinic, phagocytic cells including dendritic cells (DCs) are much more challenging to engineer. DC vaccines hold great potential for a spectrum of diseases, and the combination drug delivery is an attractive strategy to manipulate their function and overcome in vivo plasticity. However, DCs are not compatible with current hitchhiking approaches due to their broad phagocytic capacity. In this work, we developed and validated META (membrane engineering using tannic acid) to enable DC cellular hitchhiking for the first time. META employs the polyphenol tannic acid (TA) to facilitate supramolecular assembly of protein drug cargoes on the cell membrane, enabling the creation of cell surface-bound formulations for local drug delivery to carrier DCs. We optimized META formulations to incorporate and release protein cargoes with varying physical properties alone and in combination and to preserve DC viability and critical functions such as migration. We further show that META loaded with either a pro- or anti-inflammatory cargo can influence the carrier cell phenotype, thus demonstrating the flexibility of the approach for applications from cancer to autoimmune disease. Overall, this approach illustrates a new platform for the local control of phagocytic immune cells as a next step to advance DC therapies in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan E Janes
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences & Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- John A Paulson School of Engineering & Applied Sciences, Allston, Massachusetts 02134, United States
- Wyss Institute of Biologically Inspired Engineering, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Kyung Soo Park
- John A Paulson School of Engineering & Applied Sciences, Allston, Massachusetts 02134, United States
- Wyss Institute of Biologically Inspired Engineering, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Alexander P Gottlieb
- John A Paulson School of Engineering & Applied Sciences, Allston, Massachusetts 02134, United States
- Wyss Institute of Biologically Inspired Engineering, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Alexander Curreri
- John A Paulson School of Engineering & Applied Sciences, Allston, Massachusetts 02134, United States
- Wyss Institute of Biologically Inspired Engineering, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Kolade Adebowale
- John A Paulson School of Engineering & Applied Sciences, Allston, Massachusetts 02134, United States
- Wyss Institute of Biologically Inspired Engineering, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Jayoung Kim
- John A Paulson School of Engineering & Applied Sciences, Allston, Massachusetts 02134, United States
- Wyss Institute of Biologically Inspired Engineering, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Samir Mitragotri
- John A Paulson School of Engineering & Applied Sciences, Allston, Massachusetts 02134, United States
- Wyss Institute of Biologically Inspired Engineering, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
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13
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Zou Z, Shen J, Xue D, Li H, Xu L, Cao W, Wang W, Fu YX, Peng H. Anti-PD-1 cis-delivery of low-affinity IL-12 activates intratumoral CD8 +T cells for systemic antitumor responses. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4701. [PMID: 38830882 PMCID: PMC11148143 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49034-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapies function by alleviating immunosuppression on tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) but are often insufficient to fully reactivate these dysfunctional TILs. Although interleukin 12 (IL-12) has been used in combination with ICB to improve efficacy, this remains limited by severe toxicity associated with systemic administration of this cytokine. Here, we engineer a fusion protein composed of an anti-PD-1 antibody and a mouse low-affinity IL-12 mutant-2 (αPD1-mIL12mut2). Systemic administration of αPD1-mIL12mut2 displays robust antitumor activities with undetectable toxicity. Mechanistically, αPD1-mIL12mut2 preferentially activates tumor-infiltrating PD-1+CD8+T cells via high-affinity αPD-1 mediated cis-binding of low-affinity IL-12. Additionally, αPD1-mIL12mut2 treatment exerts an abscopal effect to suppress distal tumors, as well as metastasis. Collectively, αPD1-mIL12mut2 treatment induces robust systemic antitumor responses with reduced side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuangzhi Zou
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Jiao Shen
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Diyuan Xue
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Hongjia Li
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Longxin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Weian Cao
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Wenyan Wang
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Yang-Xin Fu
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China.
| | - Hua Peng
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China.
- Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510320, Guangdong, China.
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14
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Gao C, Zeng Y, Zhang L, Wang J, Yang X, Li K, Ren H, Liu Z. Sustained Secretion of CCL21 via an Implantable Cell Reservoir Hydrogel Enhances the Systemic Antitumor Effect of Radiotherapy. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:5894-5903. [PMID: 38709593 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c01267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
The combination of radiotherapy (RT) and immunotherapy shows promise in improving the clinical treatment of solid tumors; however, it faces challenges of low response rates and systemic toxicity. Herein, an implantable alginate/collagen hydrogel encapsulating C-C motif ligand 21 (CCL21)-expressing dendritic cells (CCL21-DCs@gel) was developed to potentiate the systemic antitumor effects of RT. The hydrogel functioned as a suitable reservoir for in vivo culture and proliferation of CCL21-DCs, thereby enabling sustained CCL21 release. The local CCL21 gradient induced by CCL21-DCs@gel significantly enhanced the efficacy of RT in suppressing primary tumor growth and inhibiting distant metastasis across several mouse models. Furthermore, the combination of RT with CCL21-DCs@gel provided complete prophylactic protection to mice. Mechanistic investigations revealed that CCL21-DCs@gel potentiated RT by promoting tumor lymphangiogenesis and attracting immune cell infiltration into the tumor. Collectively, these results suggest that CCL21-DCs@gel is a promising adjunct to RT for effectively eradicating tumors and preventing tumor recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Gao
- Department of Radiation Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
- Center for GI Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment, Tumor Immunology and Cytotherapy, Medical Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Yuwen Zeng
- Department of Radiation Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Linyu Zhang
- Department of Radiation Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jianze Wang
- Department of Radiation Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiujie Yang
- Department of Radiation Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Kui Li
- Department of Radiation Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - He Ren
- Center for GI Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment, Tumor Immunology and Cytotherapy, Medical Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Zhaofei Liu
- Department of Radiation Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals (National Medical Products Administration), Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing 100142, China
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
- State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- Peking University-Yunnan Baiyao International Medical Research Center, Beijing 100191, China
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15
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Sobral MC, Cabizzosu L, Kang SJ, Feng Z, Ijaz H, Mooney DJ. Modulating Adjuvant Release Kinetics From Scaffold Vaccines to Tune Adaptive Immune Responses. Adv Healthc Mater 2024:e2304574. [PMID: 38739747 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202304574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Increasing the potency, quality, and durability of vaccines represents a major public health challenge. A critical parameter that shapes vaccine immunity is the spatiotemporal context in which immune cells interact with antigen and adjuvant. While various material-based strategies demonstrate that extended antigen release enhances both cellular and humoral immunity, the effect of adjuvant kinetics on vaccine-mediated immunity remains incompletely understood. Here, a previously characterized mesoporous silica rod (MPS) biomaterial vaccine is used to develop a facile, electrostatics-driven approach to tune in vivo kinetics of the TLR9 agonist cytosine phosphoguanosine oligodeoxynucleotide (CpG). It is demonstrated that rapid release of CpG from MPS vaccines, mediated by alterations in MPS chemistry that tune surface charge, generates potent cytotoxic T cell responses and robust, T helper type 1 (Th1)-skewed IgG2a/c antibody titers. Immunophenotyping of lymphoid organs after MPS vaccination with slow or fast CpG release kinetics suggests that differential engagement of migratory dendritic cells and natural killer cells may contribute to the more potent responses observed with rapid adjuvant release. Taken together, these findings suggest that vaccine approaches that pair sustained release of antigen with rapid release of adjuvants with similar characteristics to CpG may drive particularly potent Th1 responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel C Sobral
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Laura Cabizzosu
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Shawn J Kang
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Zhaoqianqi Feng
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Hamza Ijaz
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - David J Mooney
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
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16
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Zhang Y, Ma F, Chen J, Chen Y, Xu L, Li A, Liu Y, Ma R, Shi L. Controlled Refolding of Denatured IL-12 Using In Situ Antigen-Capturing Nanochaperone Remarkably Reduces the Systemic Toxicity and Enhances Cancer Immunotherapy. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2309927. [PMID: 38387609 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202309927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Cytokines are powerful in cancer immunotherapy, however, their therapeutic potential is limited by the severe systemic toxicity. Here a potent strategy to reduce the toxicity of systemic cytokine therapy by delivering its denatured form using a finely designed nanochaperone, is described. It is demonstrated that even if the denatured protein cargos are occasionally released under normal physiological conditions they are still misfolded, while can effectively refold into native states and release to function in tumor microenvironment. Consequently, the systemic toxicity of cytokines is nearly completely overcome. Moreover, an immunogenic cell death (ICD)-inducing chemotherapeutic is further loaded and delivered to tumor using this nanochaperone to trigger the release of tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) that are subsequently captured in situ by nanochaperone and then reflows into lymph nodes (LNs) to promote antigen cross-presentation. This optimized personalized nanochaperone-vaccine demonstrates unprecedented suppressive effects against large, advanced tumors, and in combination with immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy results in a significant abscopal effect and inhibition of postoperative tumor recurrence and metastasis. Hence, this approach provides a simple and universal delivery strategy to reduce the systemic toxicities of cytokines, as well as provides a robust personalized cancer vaccination platform, which may find wide applications in cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongxin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Feihe Ma
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Jiajing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Yujie Chen
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Linlin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Ang Li
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Yang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Rujiang Ma
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Linqi Shi
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin, 300192, P. R. China
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17
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Liao J, Pan H, Huang G, Gong H, Chen Z, Yin T, Zhang B, Chen T, Zheng M, Cai L. T cell cascade regulation initiates systemic antitumor immunity through living drug factory of anti-PD-1/IL-12 engineered probiotics. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114086. [PMID: 38598335 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) has revolutionized cancer therapy but only works in a subset of patients due to the insufficient infiltration, persistent exhaustion, and inactivation of T cells within a tumor. Herein, we develop an engineered probiotic (interleukin [IL]-12 nanoparticle Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 [INP-EcN]) acting as a living drug factory to biosynthesize anti-PD-1 and release IL-12 for initiating systemic antitumor immunity through T cell cascade regulation. Mechanistically, INP-EcN not only continuously biosynthesizes anti-PD-1 for relieving immunosuppression but also effectively cascade promote T cell activation, proliferation, and infiltration via responsive release of IL-12, thus reaching a sufficient activation threshold to ICB. Tumor targeting and colonization of INP-EcNs dramatically increase local drug accumulations, significantly inhibiting tumor growth and metastasis compared to commercial inhibitors. Furthermore, immune profiling reveals that anti-PD-1/IL-12 efficiently cascade promote antitumor effects in a CD8+ T cell-dependent manner, clarifying the immune interaction of ICB and cytokine activation. Ultimately, such engineered probiotics achieve a potential paradigm shift from T cell exhaustion to activation and show considerable promise for antitumor bio-immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhong Liao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, CAS-HK Joint Lab of Biomaterials, CAS Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging Science and System, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Hong Pan
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, CAS-HK Joint Lab of Biomaterials, CAS Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging Science and System, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Guojun Huang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, CAS-HK Joint Lab of Biomaterials, CAS Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging Science and System, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Han Gong
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, CAS-HK Joint Lab of Biomaterials, CAS Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging Science and System, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Ze Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, CAS-HK Joint Lab of Biomaterials, CAS Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging Science and System, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Ting Yin
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, CAS-HK Joint Lab of Biomaterials, CAS Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging Science and System, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Baozhen Zhang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, CAS-HK Joint Lab of Biomaterials, CAS Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging Science and System, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Tingtao Chen
- National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China.
| | - Mingbin Zheng
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, CAS-HK Joint Lab of Biomaterials, CAS Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging Science and System, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shenzhen 518055, China; National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518112, China.
| | - Lintao Cai
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, CAS-HK Joint Lab of Biomaterials, CAS Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging Science and System, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shenzhen 518055, China; Sino-Euro Center of Biomedicine and Health, Luohu Shenzhen 518024, China.
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18
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Niu L, Jang E, Chin AL, Huo Z, Wang W, Cai W, Tong R. Noncovalently particle-anchored cytokines with prolonged tumor retention safely elicit potent antitumor immunity. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadk7695. [PMID: 38640236 PMCID: PMC11029804 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adk7695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Preclinical studies have shown that immunostimulatory cytokines elicit antitumor immune responses but their clinical use is limited by severe immune-related adverse events upon systemic administration. Here, we report a facile and versatile strategy for noncovalently anchoring potent Fc-fused cytokine molecules to the surface of size-discrete particles decorated with Fc-binding peptide for local administration. Following intratumoral injection, particle-anchored Fc cytokines exhibit size-dependent intratumoral retention. The 1-micrometer particle prolongs intratumoral retention of Fc cytokine for over a week and has minimal systemic exposure, thereby eliciting antitumor immunity while eliminating systemic toxicity caused by circulating cytokines. In addition, the combination of these particle-anchored cytokines with immune checkpoint blockade antibodies safely promotes tumor regression in various syngeneic tumor models and genetically engineered murine tumor models and elicits systemic antitumor immunity against tumor rechallenge. Our formulation strategy renders a safe and tumor-agnostic approach that uncouples cytokines' immunostimulatory properties from their systemic toxicities for potential clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqian Niu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 635 Prices Fork Road, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Eungyo Jang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 635 Prices Fork Road, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Ai Lin Chin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 635 Prices Fork Road, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Ziyu Huo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 635 Prices Fork Road, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Wenbo Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 445 Old Turner Street, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Wenjun Cai
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 445 Old Turner Street, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Rong Tong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 635 Prices Fork Road, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
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19
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Liu M, Hu S, Yan N, Popowski KD, Cheng K. Inhalable extracellular vesicle delivery of IL-12 mRNA to treat lung cancer and promote systemic immunity. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 19:565-575. [PMID: 38212521 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-023-01580-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Lung carcinoma is one of the most common cancers and has one of the lowest survival rates in the world. Cytokines such as interleukin-12 (IL-12) have demonstrated considerable potential as robust tumour suppressors. However, their applications are limited due to off-target toxicity. Here we report on a strategy involving the inhalation of IL-12 messenger RNA, encapsulated within extracellular vesicles. Inhalation and preferential uptake by cancer cells results in targeted delivery and fewer systemic side effects. The IL-12 messenger RNA generates interferon-γ production in both innate and adaptive immune-cell populations. This activation consequently incites an intense activation state in the tumour microenvironment and augments its immunogenicity. The increased immune response results in the expansion of tumour cytotoxic immune effector cells, the formation of immune memory, improved antigen presentation and tumour-specific T cell priming. The strategy is demonstrated against primary neoplastic lesions and provides profound protection against subsequent tumour rechallenge. This shows the potential for locally delivered cytokine-based immunotherapies to address orthotopic and metastatic lung tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengrui Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shiqi Hu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Na Yan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kristen D Popowski
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill/Raleigh, NC, USA
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Ke Cheng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill/Raleigh, NC, USA.
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.
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20
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Bell M, Lange S, Sejdiu BI, Ibanez J, Shi H, Sun X, Meng X, Nguyen P, Sutton M, Wagner J, Kc A, Langfitt D, Patil SL, Tan H, Pandey RV, Li Y, Yuan ZF, Anido AA, Ho M, Sheppard H, Vogel P, Yu J, Peng J, Chi H, Babu MM, Krenciute G, Gottschalk S. Modular chimeric cytokine receptors with leucine zippers enhance the antitumour activity of CAR T cells via JAK/STAT signalling. Nat Biomed Eng 2024; 8:380-396. [PMID: 38036617 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-023-01143-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
The limited availability of cytokines in solid tumours hinders maintenance of the antitumour activity of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells. Cytokine receptor signalling pathways in CAR T cells can be activated by transgenic expression or injection of cytokines in the tumour, or by engineering the activation of cognate cytokine receptors. However, these strategies are constrained by toxicity arising from the activation of bystander cells, by the suboptimal biodistribution of the cytokines and by downregulation of the cognate receptor. Here we show that replacement of the extracellular domains of heterodimeric cytokine receptors in T cells with two leucine zipper motifs provides optimal Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription signalling. Such chimeric cytokine receptors, which can be generated for common γ-chain receptors, interleukin-10 and -12 receptors, enabled T cells to survive cytokine starvation without induction of autonomous cell growth, and augmented the effector function of CAR T cells in vitro in the setting of chronic antigen exposure and in human tumour xenografts in mice. As a modular design, leucine zippers can be used to generate constitutively active cytokine receptors in effector immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Bell
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Shannon Lange
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Besian I Sejdiu
- Center of Excellence for Data Driven Discovery, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
- Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Jorge Ibanez
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Hao Shi
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Xiang Sun
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Xiaoxi Meng
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Phuong Nguyen
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Morgan Sutton
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Jessica Wagner
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Anil Kc
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Deanna Langfitt
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Sagar L Patil
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Haiyan Tan
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Ram Vinay Pandey
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Yuxin Li
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Zuo-Fei Yuan
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Alejandro Allo Anido
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Mitchell Ho
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Heather Sheppard
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Peter Vogel
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Jiyang Yu
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Junmin Peng
- Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Hongbo Chi
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - M Madan Babu
- Center of Excellence for Data Driven Discovery, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
- Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Giedre Krenciute
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Stephen Gottschalk
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA.
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21
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Zheng P, He J, Fu Y, Yang Y, Li S, Duan B, Yang Y, Hu Y, Yang Z, Wang M, Liu Q, Zheng X, Hua L, Li W, Li D, Ding Y, Yang X, Bai H, Long Q, Huang W, Ma Y. Engineered Bacterial Biomimetic Vesicles Reprogram Tumor-Associated Macrophages and Remodel Tumor Microenvironment to Promote Innate and Adaptive Antitumor Immune Responses. ACS NANO 2024; 18:6863-6886. [PMID: 38386537 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c06987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are among the most abundant infiltrating leukocytes in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Reprogramming TAMs from protumor M2 to antitumor M1 phenotype is a promising strategy for remodeling the TME and promoting antitumor immunity; however, the development of an efficient strategy remains challenging. Here, a genetically modified bacterial biomimetic vesicle (BBV) with IFN-γ exposed on the surface in a nanoassembling membrane pore structure was constructed. The engineered IFN-γ BBV featured a nanoscale structure of protein and lipid vesicle, the existence of rich pattern-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), and the costimulation of introduced IFN-γ molecules. In vitro, IFN-γ BBV reprogrammed M2 macrophages to M1, possibly through NF-κB and JAK-STAT signaling pathways, releasing nitric oxide (NO) and inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α and increasing the expression of IL-12 and iNOS. In tumor-bearing mice, IFN-γ BBV demonstrated a targeted enrichment in tumors and successfully reprogrammed TAMs into the M1 phenotype; notably, the response of antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) in TME was promoted while the immunosuppressive myeloid-derived suppressor cell (MDSC) was suppressed. The tumor growth was found to be significantly inhibited in both a TC-1 tumor and a CT26 tumor. It was indicated that the antitumor effects of IFN-γ BBV were macrophage-dependent. Further, the modulation of TME by IFN-γ BBV produced synergistic effects against tumor growth and metastasis with an immune checkpoint inhibitor in an orthotopic 4T1 breast cancer model which was insensitive to anti-PD-1 mAb alone. In conclusion, IFN-γ-modified BBV demonstrated a strong capability of efficiently targeting tumor and tuning a cold tumor hot through reprogramming TAMs, providing a potent approach for tumor immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zheng
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming 650118, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinrong He
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming 650118, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuting Fu
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming 650118, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Yang
- Cell Biology & Molecular Biology Laboratory of Experimental Teaching Center, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuqin Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming 650118, People's Republic of China
- Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Biao Duan
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming 650118, People's Republic of China
- Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Yang
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming 650118, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongmao Hu
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming 650118, People's Republic of China
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongqian Yang
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming 650118, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengzhen Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming 650118, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingwen Liu
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming 650118, People's Republic of China
- Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Zheng
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming 650118, People's Republic of China
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, People's Republic of China
| | - Liangqun Hua
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming 650118, People's Republic of China
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiran Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming 650118, People's Republic of China
| | - Duo Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming 650118, People's Republic of China
- Department of Acute Infectious Diseases Control and Prevention, Yunnan Provincial Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming 530112, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiting Ding
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Yang
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming 650118, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongmei Bai
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming 650118, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiong Long
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming 650118, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiwei Huang
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming 650118, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanbing Ma
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming 650118, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, People's Republic of China
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22
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Liu J, Zhan J, Zhang Y, Huang L, Yang J, Feng J, Ding L, Shen Z, Chen X. Ultrathin Clay Nanoparticles-Mediated Mutual Reinforcement of Ferroptosis and Cancer Immunotherapy. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2309562. [PMID: 37939375 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202309562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Ferroptosis-triggered immunogenic cell death (ICD) is widely adopted to potentiate the body's antitumor immunity by catalyzing the production of toxic reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, the efficacy of ferroptosis and immunotherapy is greatly restricted by intracellular abundant glutathione (GSH) and immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). Herein, a facile bottom-up method for solvent-free synthesis of ultrathin manganese (Mn)-based layered double hydroxide nanosheets with high loading efficiency for pro-inflammatory cytokine interferon (IFNγ) (IFNγ/uMn-LDHs) is proposed to mutually reinforce the ferroptosis and systemic immunity. The introduction of manganese ions significantly contributes to GSH depletion and hydroxyl radical generation, which can be further enhanced by IFNγ delivery-induced SLC7A11 downregulation. The ICD effect after cell ferroptosis cooperates with the intrinsic immunomodulatory property of IFNγ/uMn-LDHs to facilitate the maturation of dendritic cells (DCs) and the priming of T cells. IFNγ secretion from activated CD8+ T cells in turn involves cascade immunogenic ferroptosis, thus constructing a closed-loop therapy. Remarkably, a potent abscopal effect is observed in the growth inhibition of both primary and distant tumors. Overall, the ultrathin Mn-based clay nanoplatform provides a simple approach for mutual regulation between ferroptosis and antitumor immune response, overcoming the obstacles of current cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianping Liu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, P. R. China
- Departments of Diagnostic Radiology, Surgery, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and Biomedical Engineering, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine and College of Design and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119074, Singapore
- Nanomedicine Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
| | - Jiezhao Zhan
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, P. R. China
| | - Ye Zhang
- Departments of Diagnostic Radiology, Surgery, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and Biomedical Engineering, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine and College of Design and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119074, Singapore
- Nanomedicine Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
| | - Lin Huang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, P. R. China
| | - Jing Yang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, P. R. China
| | - Jie Feng
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, P. R. China
| | - Lingwen Ding
- Department of Pathology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119074, Singapore
| | - Zheyu Shen
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Departments of Diagnostic Radiology, Surgery, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and Biomedical Engineering, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine and College of Design and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119074, Singapore
- Nanomedicine Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
- Clinical Imaging Research Centre, Centre for Translational Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
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23
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Kane G, Lusi C, Brassil M, Atukorale P. Engineering approaches for innate immune-mediated tumor microenvironment remodeling. IMMUNO-ONCOLOGY TECHNOLOGY 2024; 21:100406. [PMID: 38213392 PMCID: PMC10777078 DOI: 10.1016/j.iotech.2023.100406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy offers transformative promise particularly for the treatment of lethal cancers, since a correctly trained immune system can comprehensively orchestrate tumor clearance with no need for continued therapeutic intervention. Historically, the majority of immunotherapies have been T cell-focused and have included immune checkpoint inhibitors, chimeric antigen receptor T cells, and T-cell vaccines. Unfortunately T-cell-focused therapies have failed to achieve optimal efficacy in most solid tumors largely because of a highly immunosuppressed 'cold' or immune-excluded tumor microenvironment (TME). Recently, a rapidly growing treatment paradigm has emerged that focuses on activation of tumor-resident innate antigen-presenting cells, such as dendritic cells and macrophages, which can drive a proinflammatory immune response to remodel the TME from 'cold' or immune-excluded to 'hot'. Early strategies for TME remodeling centered on free cytokines and agonists, but these approaches have faced significant hurdles in both delivery and efficacy. Systemic toxicity from off-target inflammation is a paramount concern in these therapies. To address this critical gap, engineering approaches have provided the opportunity to add 'built-in' capabilities to cytokines, agonists, and other therapeutic agents to mediate improved delivery and efficacy. Such capabilities have included protective encapsulation to shield them from degradation, targeting to direct them with high specificity to tumors, and co-delivery strategies to harness synergistic proinflammatory pathways. Here, we review innate immune-mediated TME remodeling engineering approaches that focus on cytokines, innate immune agonists, immunogenic viruses, and cell-based methods, highlighting emerging preclinical approaches and strategies that are either being tested in clinical trials or already Food and Drug Administration approved.
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Affiliation(s)
- G.I. Kane
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst
- University of Massachusetts Cancer Center, Worcester
| | - C.F. Lusi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst
- University of Massachusetts Cancer Center, Worcester
| | - M.L. Brassil
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst
- University of Massachusetts Cancer Center, Worcester
| | - P.U. Atukorale
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst
- University of Massachusetts Cancer Center, Worcester
- Division of Innate Immunity, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, USA
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24
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Shaha S, Rodrigues D, Mitragotri S. Locoregional drug delivery for cancer therapy: Preclinical progress and clinical translation. J Control Release 2024; 367:737-767. [PMID: 38325716 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.01.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Systemic drug delivery is the current clinically preferred route for cancer therapy. However, challenges associated with tumor localization and off-tumor toxic effects limit the clinical effectiveness of this route. Locoregional drug delivery is an emerging viable alternative to systemic therapies. With the improvement in real-time imaging technologies and tools for direct access to tumor lesions, the clinical applicability of locoregional drug delivery is becoming more prominent. Theoretically, locoregional treatments can bypass challenges faced by systemic drug delivery. Preclinically, locoregional delivery of drugs has demonstrated enhanced therapeutic efficacy with limited off-target effects while still yielding an abscopal effect. Clinically, an array of locoregional strategies is under investigation for the delivery of drugs ranging in target and size. Locoregional tumor treatment strategies can be classified into two main categories: 1) direct drug infusion via injection or implanted port and 2) extended drug elution via injected or implanted depot. The number of studies investigating locoregional drug delivery strategies for cancer treatment is rising exponentially, in both preclinical and clinical settings, with some approaches approved for clinical use. Here, we highlight key preclinical advances and the clinical relevance of such locoregional delivery strategies in the treatment of cancer. Furthermore, we critically analyze 949 clinical trials involving locoregional drug delivery and discuss emerging trends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suyog Shaha
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Allston, MA 02134, USA; Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Danika Rodrigues
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Allston, MA 02134, USA; Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Samir Mitragotri
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Allston, MA 02134, USA; Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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25
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Stinson JA, Barbosa MMP, Sheen A, Momin N, Fink E, Hampel J, Selting K, Kamerer R, Bailey KL, Wittrup KD, Fan TM. Tumor-localized interleukin-2 and interleukin-12 combine with radiation therapy to safely potentiate regression of advanced malignant melanoma in pet dogs. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.12.579965. [PMID: 38405716 PMCID: PMC10888855 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.12.579965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
The clinical use of interleukin-2 and -12 cytokines against cancer is limited by their narrow therapeutic windows due to on-target, off-tumor activation of immune cells when delivered systemically. Engineering IL-2 and IL-12 to bind to extracellular matrix collagen allows these cytokines to be retained within tumors after intralesional injection, overcoming these clinical safety challenges. While this approach has potentiated responses in syngeneic mouse tumors without toxicity, the complex tumor-immune interactions in human cancers are difficult to recapitulate in mouse models of cancer. This has driven an increased role for comparative oncology clinical trials in companion (pet) dogs with spontaneous cancers that feature analogous tumor and immune biology to human cancers. Here, we report the results from a dose-escalation clinical trial of intratumoral collagen-binding IL-2 and IL-12 cytokines in pet dogs with malignant melanoma, observing encouraging local and regional responses to therapy that may suggest human clinical benefit with this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan A. Stinson
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
| | | | - Allison Sheen
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
| | - Noor Momin
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Elizabeth Fink
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
| | - Jordan Hampel
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL
| | - Kimberly Selting
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL
| | - Rebecca Kamerer
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL
| | | | - K. Dane Wittrup
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
| | - Timothy M. Fan
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL
- Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL
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26
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Baghdasaryan A, Liu H, Ren F, Hsu R, Jiang Y, Wang F, Zhang M, Grigoryan L, Dai H. Intratumor injected gold molecular clusters for NIR-II imaging and cancer therapy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2318265121. [PMID: 38261618 PMCID: PMC10835035 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2318265121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Surgical resections of solid tumors guided by visual inspection of tumor margins have been performed for over a century to treat cancer. Near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence labeling/imaging of tumor in the NIR-I (800 to 900 nm) range with systemically administrated fluorophore/tumor-targeting antibody conjugates have been introduced to improve tumor margin delineation, tumor removal accuracy, and patient survival. Here, we show Au25 molecular clusters functionalized with phosphorylcholine ligands (AuPC, ~2 nm in size) as a preclinical intratumorally injectable agent for NIR-II/SWIR (1,000 to 3,000 nm) fluorescence imaging-guided tumor resection. The AuPC clusters were found to be uniformly distributed in the 4T1 murine breast cancer tumor upon intratumor (i.t.) injection. The phosphocholine coating afforded highly stealth clusters, allowing a high percentage of AuPC to fill the tumor interstitial fluid space homogeneously. Intra-operative surgical navigation guided by imaging of the NIR-II fluorescence of AuPC allowed for complete and non-excessive tumor resection. The AuPC in tumors were also employed as a photothermal therapy (PTT) agent to uniformly heat up and eradicate tumors. Further, we performed in vivo NIR-IIb (1,500 to 1,700 nm) molecular imaging of the treated tumor using a quantum dot-Annexin V (QD-P3-Anx V) conjugate, revealing cancer cell apoptosis following PTT. The therapeutic functionalities of AuPC clusters combined with rapid renal excretion, high biocompatibility, and safety make them promising for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ani Baghdasaryan
- Department of Chemistry and Bio-X, Stanford University, Stanford, CA94305
| | - Haoran Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Bio-X, Stanford University, Stanford, CA94305
| | - Fuqiang Ren
- Department of Chemistry and Bio-X, Stanford University, Stanford, CA94305
| | - RuSiou Hsu
- Department of Chemistry and Bio-X, Stanford University, Stanford, CA94305
| | - Yingying Jiang
- Department of Chemistry and Bio-X, Stanford University, Stanford, CA94305
| | - Feifei Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Bio-X, Stanford University, Stanford, CA94305
| | - Mengzhen Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Bio-X, Stanford University, Stanford, CA94305
| | - Lilit Grigoryan
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation, and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA94305
| | - Hongjie Dai
- Department of Chemistry and Bio-X, Stanford University, Stanford, CA94305
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27
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Sobral MC, Mooney DJ. Materials-Based Approaches for Cancer Vaccination. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2024; 212:179-187. [PMID: 38166245 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
Therapeutic cancer vaccines offer the promise of stimulating the immune system to specifically eradicate tumor cells and establish long-term memory to prevent tumor recurrence. However, despite showing benign safety profiles and the ability to generate Ag-specific cellular responses, cancer vaccines have been hampered by modest clinical efficacy. Lessons learned from these studies have led to the emergence of innovative materials-based strategies that aim to boost the clinical activity of cancer vaccines. In this Brief Review, we provide an overview of the key elements needed for an effective vaccine-induced antitumor response, categorize current approaches to therapeutic cancer vaccination, and explore recent advances in materials-based strategies to potentiate cancer vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel C Sobral
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA; and Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA
| | - David J Mooney
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA; and Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA
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28
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Minnar CM, Lui G, Gulley JL, Schlom J, Gameiro SR. Preclinical and clinical studies of a tumor targeting IL-12 immunocytokine. Front Oncol 2024; 13:1321318. [PMID: 38260854 PMCID: PMC10802843 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1321318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The clinical success of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has demonstrated the promise and challenges of cancer immunotherapy. There is an unmet need to develop novel cancer therapies that can provide clinical benefit for most patients with solid malignancies, which harbor innate or acquired resistance to ICIs. Interleukin-12 (IL-12) is a promising cytokine for cancer therapy given its direct stimulatory effects on innate and adaptive immunity. However, unfavorable pharmacokinetics and a narrow therapeutic index render recombinant IL-12 (rIL-12) less attractive as a cancer therapy. NHS-IL12 is a fusion protein of IL-12 and NHS76 (human IgG1) antibody engineered to target single and double stranded DNA present in necrotic areas solid tumors. In preclinical tumor models, NHS-IL12 elicited significant Th1 immune activation and tumor suppressive effects, primarily mediated by NK and CD8+ T lymphocytes, with engagement of myeloid immunity. NHS-IL12 is currently being evaluated clinically in combination with various therapeutic modalities, including chemotherapy, radiation therapy, immune checkpoint inhibition, vaccines, and epigenetic modulation. Here we review the preclinical and clinical studies involving NHS-IL12 for the treatment of solid malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine M Minnar
- Center for Immuno-Oncology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Grace Lui
- Center for Immuno-Oncology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - James L Gulley
- Center for Immuno-Oncology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Jeffrey Schlom
- Center for Immuno-Oncology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Sofia R Gameiro
- Center for Immuno-Oncology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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29
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Xu Y, Huang X, Nie XC, Liu YS, Zhou Y, Niu JM. Manganese and IL-12 treatment alters the ovarian tumor microenvironment. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:191-206. [PMID: 38175694 PMCID: PMC10817382 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Metal immunotherapy is a novel adjuvant immunotherapy. Mn2+ can activate STING-a type I IFN response protein-that promotes innate immunity and increases anti-tumor activity by promoting macrophage phagocytosis. IL-12, a cytokine that increases the antigen-presenting ability to promote effector T-cell activation, has potent antitumor activity, albeit with severe adverse effects. In this study, we observed that the combination of Mn2+ and IL-12 has a better antitumor effect and possibly reflects a better safety profile, providing a novel approach and theoretical basis for safe and rapid cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xu
- Department of Gynecology, Shenyang Women and Children’s Hospital, Shenyang 110000, China
| | - Xin Huang
- Department of General Practice Medicine, Shengjing Hospital Affiliated to China Medical University, Shenyang 110000, China
| | - Xiao-Cui Nie
- Department of Gynecology, Shenyang Women and Children’s Hospital, Shenyang 110000, China
| | - Yan-Song Liu
- Department of Gynecology, Shenyang Women and Children’s Hospital, Shenyang 110000, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital Affiliated to China Medical University, Shenyang 110000, China
| | - Ju-Min Niu
- Department of Gynecology, Shenyang Women and Children’s Hospital, Shenyang 110000, China
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30
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Battula S, Papastoitsis G, Kaufman HL, Wittrup KD, Schmidt MM. Intratumoral aluminum hydroxide-anchored IL-12 drives potent antitumor activity by remodeling the tumor microenvironment. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e168224. [PMID: 38063196 PMCID: PMC10795832 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.168224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
IL-12 is a potent cytokine that can promote innate and adaptive anticancer immunity, but its clinical development has been limited by toxicity when delivered systemically. Intratumoral (i.t.) administration can expand the therapeutic window of IL-12 and other cytokines but is in turn limited by rapid drug clearance from the tumor, which reduces efficacy, necessitates frequent administration, and increases systemic accumulation. To address these limitations, we developed an anchored IL-12 designated ANK-101, composed of an engineered IL-12 variant that forms a stable complex with the FDA-approved vaccine adjuvant aluminum hydroxide (Alhydrogel). Following i.t. administration of murine ANK-101 (mANK-101) in early intervention syngeneic mouse tumors, the complex formed a depot that was locally retained for weeks as measured by IVIS or SPECT/CT imaging, while unanchored protein injected i.t. was cleared within hours. One or 2 i.t. injections of mANK-101 induced single-agent antitumor activity across a diverse range of syngeneic tumors, including models resistant to checkpoint blockade at doses where unanchored IL-12 had no efficacy. Local treatment with mANK-101 further induced regressions of noninjected lesions, especially when combined with systemic checkpoint blockade. Antitumor activity was associated with remodeling of the tumor microenvironment, including prolonged IFN-γ and chemokine expression, recruitment and activation of T and NK cells, M1 myeloid cell skewing, and increased antigen processing and presentation. Subcutaneous administration of ANK-101 in cynomolgus macaques was well tolerated. Together, these data demonstrate that ANK-101 has an enhanced efficacy and safety profile and warrants future clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - K. Dane Wittrup
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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31
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Harkos C, Stylianopoulos T, Jain RK. Mathematical modeling of intratumoral immunotherapy yields strategies to improve the treatment outcomes. PLoS Comput Biol 2023; 19:e1011740. [PMID: 38113269 PMCID: PMC10763956 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1011740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Intratumoral injection of immunotherapy aims to maximize its activity within the tumor. However, cytokines are cleared via tumor vessels and escape from the tumor periphery into the host-tissue, reducing efficacy and causing toxicity. Thus, understanding the determinants of the tumor and immune response to intratumoral immunotherapy should lead to better treatment outcomes. In this study, we developed a mechanistic mathematical model to determine the efficacy of intratumorally-injected conjugated-cytokines, accounting for properties of the tumor microenvironment and the conjugated-cytokines. The model explicitly incorporates i) the tumor vascular density and permeability and the tumor hydraulic conductivity, ii) conjugated-cytokines size and binding affinity as well as their clearance via the blood vessels and the surrounding tissue, and iii) immune cells-cancer cells interactions. Model simulations show how the properties of the tumor and of the conjugated-cytokines determine treatment outcomes and how selection of proper parameters can optimize therapy. A high tumor tissue hydraulic permeability allows for the uniform distribution of the cytokines into the tumor, whereas uniform tumor perfusion is required for sufficient access and activation of immune cells. The permeability of the tumor vessels affects the blood clearance of the cytokines and optimal values depend on the size of the conjugates. A size >5 nm in radius was found to be optimal, whereas the binding of conjugates should be high enough to prevent clearance from the tumor into the surrounding tissue. In conclusion, development of strategies to improve vessel perfusion and tissue hydraulic conductivity by reprogramming the microenvironment along with optimal design of conjugated-cytokines can enhance intratumoral immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constantinos Harkos
- Cancer Biophysics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Triantafyllos Stylianopoulos
- Cancer Biophysics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Rakesh K. Jain
- Edwin L Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
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32
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Momin N. Balancing safety and efficacy: tuning the biodistribution and pharmacokinetics of cytokine immunotherapies. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2023; 84:102994. [PMID: 37806081 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2023.102994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Modulating the immune system shows promise in treating various conditions such as autoimmune, malignant, inflammatory, and infectious diseases. While immunotherapies can provide significant clinical benefits, they can also trigger debilitating immune-related toxicities. Achieving a balance between safety and efficacy of immunotherapy remains a significant engineering challenge. A complex immune response can be simplified into a sequence of coordinated signals with precise spatial and temporal arrangements. Mimicking or inhibiting these signals with protein immunotherapies relies on engineering them with specific biodistribution and pharmacokinetic properties. This review summarizes principles governing the movement of therapeutic proteins (i.e. biologics), focusing on cytokine immunotherapies injected intravenously or locally, and highlights approaches and considerations to balance their efficacy and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noor Momin
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Center for Precision Engineering for Health, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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33
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Chen P, Paraiso WKD, Cabral H. Revitalizing Cytokine-Based Cancer Immunotherapy through Advanced Delivery Systems. Macromol Biosci 2023; 23:e2300275. [PMID: 37565723 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202300275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Cytokines can coordinate robust immune responses, holding great promise as therapeutics against infections, autoimmune diseases, and cancers. In cancer treatment, numerous pro-inflammatory cytokines have displayed promising efficacy in preclinical studies. However, their clinical application is hindered by poor pharmacokinetics, significant toxicity and unsatisfactory anticancer efficacy. Thus, while IFN-α and IL-2 are approved for specific cancer treatments, other cytokines still remain subject of intense investigation. To accelerate the application of cytokines as cancer immunotherapeutics, strategies need to be directed to improve their safety and anticancer performance. In this regard, delivery systems could be used to generate innovative therapies by targeting the cytokines or nucleic acids, such as DNA and mRNA, encoding the cytokines to tumor tissues. This review centers on these innovative delivery strategies for cytokines, summarizing key approaches, such as gene delivery and protein delivery, and critically examining their potential and challenges for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengwen Chen
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | | | - Horacio Cabral
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
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34
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Yang M, Li H, Liu X, Huang L, Zhang B, Liu K, Xie W, Cui J, Li D, Lu L, Sun H, Yang B. Fe-doped carbon dots: a novel biocompatible nanoplatform for multi-level cancer therapy. J Nanobiotechnology 2023; 21:431. [PMID: 37978538 PMCID: PMC10655501 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-02194-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor treatment still remains a clinical challenge, requiring the development of biocompatible and efficient anti-tumor nanodrugs. Carbon dots (CDs) has become promising nanomedicines for cancer therapy due to its low cytotoxicity and easy customization. RESULTS Herein, we introduced a novel type of "green" nanodrug for multi-level cancer therapy utilizing Fe-doped carbon dots (Fe-CDs) derived from iron nutrient supplement. With no requirement for target moieties or external stimuli, the sole intravenous administration of Fe-CDs demonstrated unexpected anti-tumor activity, completely suppressing tumor growth in mice. Continuous administration of Fe-CDs for several weeks showed no toxic effects in vivo, highlighting its exceptional biocompatibility. The as-synthesized Fe-CDs could selectively induce tumor cells apoptosis by BAX/Caspase 9/Caspase 3/PARP signal pathways and activate antitumoral macrophages by inhibiting the IL-10/Arg-1 axis, contributing to its significant tumor immunotherapy effect. Additionally, the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process was inhibited under the treatment of Fe-CDs by MAPK/Snail pathways, indicating the capacity of Fe-CDs to inhibit tumor recurrence and metastasis. CONCLUSIONS A three-level tumor treatment strategy from direct killing to activating immunity to inhibiting metastasis was achieved based on "green" Fe-CDs. Our findings reveal the broad clinical potential of Fe-CDs as a novel candidate for anti-tumor nanodrugs and nanoplatform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxi Yang
- Joint Laboratory of Opto-Functional Theranostics in Medicine and Chemistry, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, People's Republic of China
- Department of Hand and Podiatric Surgery, Orthopedics Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, 130031, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiqiu Li
- Department of Hand and Podiatric Surgery, Orthopedics Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, 130031, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinchen Liu
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Huang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Boya Zhang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Kexuan Liu
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Wangni Xie
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Cui
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Daowei Li
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, People's Republic of China.
| | - Laijin Lu
- Joint Laboratory of Opto-Functional Theranostics in Medicine and Chemistry, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Hand and Podiatric Surgery, Orthopedics Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, 130031, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hongchen Sun
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, People's Republic of China.
| | - Bai Yang
- Joint Laboratory of Opto-Functional Theranostics in Medicine and Chemistry, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, People's Republic of China.
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35
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Huang R, Zhou P, Chen B, Zhu Y, Chen X, Min Y. Stimuli-Responsive Nanoadjuvant Rejuvenates Robust Immune Responses to Sensitize Cancer Immunotherapy. ACS NANO 2023; 17:21455-21469. [PMID: 37897704 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c06233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
Despite their immense therapeutic potential, cancer immunotherapies such as immune checkpoint blockers (ICBs) benefit only a small subset of patients. Toll-like receptor agonists reverse the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) to enhance antitumor immunity, but their systemic administration induces side effects. This work describes a TME-responsive nanotherapeutic platform for the site-specific release of drug candidates in tumors with a significant antitumor efficacy. Imidazoquinoline (IMQ)-derived liposomal nanovesicles (LN-IMQ) triggered the antitumor ability of macrophages, mobilized T-cell immunity, and promoted the secretion of antitumor cytokines, explaining the synergistic effect of LN-IMQ with ICBs. LN-IMQ monotherapy observed complete tumor regression in 6/8 of 4T1-bearing mouse, and cured mice resisted secondary tumor challenge. Besides, LN-IMQ decreased the occurrence of lung metastases, being effective against advanced metastases. On the other hand, neoantigen-based cancer vaccine has very low immune responses. Here, we also verified that LN-IMQ can serve as an ideal tumor antigen delivery vector. Cancer cells in vitro treated with chemotherapeutic drugs included multiple neoantigens and high levels of damage-associated molecular patterns, which were then successfully encapsulated in LN-IMQ to obtain a "personalized nanovaccine" with artificially amplified antigenicity and adjuvant properties. This study developed an attractive potential personalized nanovaccine for chemotherapeutic-drug-induced tumor neoantigens and immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijie Huang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Peijie Zhou
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Bo Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yang Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurosurgery Research Institute, the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, China
- Departments of Diagnostic Radiology, Surgery, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and Biomedical Engineering, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine and College of Design and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119074, Singapore
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Departments of Diagnostic Radiology, Surgery, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and Biomedical Engineering, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine and College of Design and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119074, Singapore
- Clinical Imaging Research Centre, Centre for Translational Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
- Nanomedicine Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Yuanzeng Min
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Key Lab of Soft Matter Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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36
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Santollani L, Wittrup KD. Spatiotemporally programming cytokine immunotherapies through protein engineering. Immunol Rev 2023; 320:10-28. [PMID: 37409481 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Cytokines have long been considered promising cancer immunotherapy agents due to their endogenous role in activating and proliferating lymphocytes. However, since the initial FDA approvals of Interleukin-2 (IL-2) and Interferon-ɑ (IFNɑ) for oncology over 30 years ago, cytokines have achieved little success in the clinic due to narrow therapeutic windows and dose-limiting toxicities. This is attributable to the discrepancy between the localized, regulated manner in which cytokines are deployed endogenously versus the systemic, untargeted administration used to date in most exogenous cytokine therapies. Furthermore, cytokines' ability to stimulate multiple cell types, often with paradoxical effects, may present significant challenges for their translation into effective therapies. Recently, protein engineering has emerged as a tool to address the shortcomings of first-generation cytokine therapies. In this perspective, we contextualize cytokine engineering strategies such as partial agonism, conditional activation and intratumoral retention through the lens of spatiotemporal regulation. By controlling the time, place, specificity, and duration of cytokine signaling, protein engineering can allow exogenous cytokine therapies to more closely approach their endogenous exposure profile, ultimately moving us closer to unlocking their full therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciano Santollani
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - K Dane Wittrup
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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37
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Horton BL, D’Souza AD, Zagorulya M, McCreery CV, Abhiraman GC, Picton L, Sheen A, Agarwal Y, Momin N, Wittrup KD, White FM, Garcia KC, Spranger S. Overcoming lung cancer immunotherapy resistance by combining nontoxic variants of IL-12 and IL-2. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e172728. [PMID: 37669107 PMCID: PMC10619440 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.172728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Engineered cytokine-based approaches for immunotherapy of cancer are poised to enter the clinic, with IL-12 being at the forefront. However, little is known about potential mechanisms of resistance to cytokine therapies. We found that orthotopic murine lung tumors were resistant to systemically delivered IL-12 fused to murine serum albumin (MSA, IL12-MSA) because of low IL-12 receptor (IL-12R) expression on tumor-reactive CD8+ T cells. IL2-MSA increased binding of IL12-MSA by tumor-reactive CD8+ T cells, and combined administration of IL12-MSA and IL2-MSA led to enhanced tumor-reactive CD8+ T cell effector differentiation, decreased numbers of tumor-infiltrating CD4+ regulatory T cells, and increased survival of lung tumor-bearing mice. Predictably, the combination of IL-2 and IL-12 at therapeutic doses led to significant dose-limiting toxicity. Administering IL-12 and IL-2 analogs with preferential binding to cells expressing Il12rb1 and CD25, respectively, led to a significant extension of survival in mice with lung tumors while abrogating dose-limiting toxicity. These findings suggest that IL-12 and IL-2 represent a rational approach to combination cytokine therapy whose dose-limiting toxicity can be overcome with engineered cytokine variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan L. Horton
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alicia D. D’Souza
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- MIT-Harvard Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Maria Zagorulya
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Biology, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Gita C. Abhiraman
- Program in Immunology
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, and
| | - Lora Picton
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, and
- Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Allison Sheen
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering and
| | - Yash Agarwal
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering and
| | - Noor Momin
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering and
| | - K. Dane Wittrup
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering and
- Department of Chemical Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Forest M. White
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering and
| | - K. Christopher Garcia
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, and
- Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Stefani Spranger
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Biology, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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38
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Leonard WJ, Lin JX. Strategies to therapeutically modulate cytokine action. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2023; 22:827-854. [PMID: 37542128 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-023-00746-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
Cytokines are secreted or membrane-presented molecules that mediate broad cellular functions, including development, differentiation, growth and survival. Accordingly, the regulation of cytokine activity is extraordinarily important both physiologically and pathologically. Cytokine and/or cytokine receptor engineering is being widely investigated to safely and effectively modulate cytokine activity for therapeutic benefit. IL-2 in particular has been extensively engineered, to create IL-2 variants that differentially exhibit activities on regulatory T cells to potentially treat autoimmune disease versus effector T cells to augment antitumour effects. Additionally, engineering approaches are being applied to many other cytokines such as IL-10, interferons and IL-1 family cytokines, given their immunosuppressive and/or antiviral and anticancer effects. In modulating the actions of cytokines, the strategies used have been broad, including altering affinities of cytokines for their receptors, prolonging cytokine half-lives in vivo and fine-tuning cytokine actions. The field is rapidly expanding, with extensive efforts to create improved therapeutics for a range of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warren J Leonard
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and the Immunology Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Jian-Xin Lin
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and the Immunology Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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He Y, Hong C, Huang S, Kaskow JA, Covarrubias G, Pires IS, Sacane JC, Hammond PT, Belcher AM. STING Protein-Based In Situ Vaccine Synergizes CD4 + T, CD8 + T, and NK Cells for Tumor Eradication. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2300688. [PMID: 37015729 PMCID: PMC10964211 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202300688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023]
Abstract
Stimulator of interferon genes (STING) signaling is a promising target in cancer immunotherapy, with many ongoing clinical studies in combination with immune checkpoint blockade (ICB). Existing STING-based therapies largely focus on activating CD8+ T cell or NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity, while the role of CD4+ T cells in STING signaling has yet to be extensively studied in vivo. Here, a distinct CD4-mediated, protein-based combination therapy of STING and ICB as an in situ vaccine, is reported. The treatment eliminates subcutaneous MC38 and YUMM1.7 tumors in 70-100% of mice and protected all cured mice against rechallenge. Mechanistic studies reveal a robust TH 1 polarization and suppression of Treg of CD4+ T cells, followed by an effective collaboration of CD4+ T, CD8+ T, and NK cells to eliminate tumors. Finally, the potential to overcome host STING deficiency by significantly decreasing MC38 tumor burden in STING KO mice is demonstrated, addressing the translational challenge for the 19% of human population with loss-of-function STING variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanpu He
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
| | - Celestine Hong
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
| | - Shengnan Huang
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
| | - Justin A Kaskow
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
| | - Gil Covarrubias
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
| | - Ivan S Pires
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
| | - James C Sacane
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
| | - Paula T Hammond
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
| | - Angela M Belcher
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
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40
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Yao M, Liu X, Qian Z, Fan D, Sun X, Zhong L, Wu P. Research progress of nanovaccine in anti-tumor immunotherapy. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1211262. [PMID: 37692854 PMCID: PMC10484753 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1211262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor vaccines aim to activate dormant or unresponsive tumor-specific T lymphocytes by using tumor-specific or tumor-associated antigens, thus enhancing the body's natural defense against cancer. However, the effectiveness of tumor vaccines is limited by the presence of tumor heterogeneity, low immunogenicity, and immune evasion mechanisms. Fortunately, multifunctional nanoparticles offer a unique chance to address these issues. With the advantages of their small size, high stability, efficient drug delivery, and controlled surface chemistry, nanomaterials can precisely target tumor sites, improve the delivery of tumor antigens and immune adjuvants, reshape the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, and enhance the body's anti-tumor immune response, resulting in improved efficacy and reduced side effects. Nanovaccine, a type of vaccine that uses nanotechnology to deliver antigens and adjuvants to immune cells, has emerged as a promising strategy for cancer immunotherapy due to its ability to stimulate immune responses and induce tumor-specific immunity. In this review, we discussed the compositions and types of nanovaccine, and the mechanisms behind their anti-tumor effects based on the latest research. We hope that this will provide a more scientific basis for designing tumor vaccines and enhancing the effectiveness of tumor immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Targeting Oncology, National Center for International Research of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Targeting Oncology, National Center for International Research of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhangbo Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Targeting Oncology, National Center for International Research of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Dianfa Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Targeting Oncology, National Center for International Research of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Xinjun Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Targeting Oncology, National Center for International Research of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Liping Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Targeting Oncology, National Center for International Research of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Pan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Targeting Oncology, National Center for International Research of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
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41
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Lee EHJ, Murad JP, Christian L, Gibson J, Yamaguchi Y, Cullen C, Gumber D, Park AK, Young C, Monroy I, Yang J, Stern LA, Adkins LN, Dhapola G, Gittins B, Chang WC, Martinez C, Woo Y, Cristea M, Rodriguez-Rodriguez L, Ishihara J, Lee JK, Forman SJ, Wang LD, Priceman SJ. Antigen-dependent IL-12 signaling in CAR T cells promotes regional to systemic disease targeting. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4737. [PMID: 37550294 PMCID: PMC10406808 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40115-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapeutic responses are hampered by limited T cell trafficking, persistence, and durable anti-tumor activity in solid tumors. However, these challenges can be largely overcome by relatively unconstrained synthetic engineering strategies. Here, we describe CAR T cells targeting tumor-associated glycoprotein-72 (TAG72), utilizing the CD28 transmembrane domain upstream of the 4-1BB co-stimulatory domain as a driver of potent anti-tumor activity and IFNγ secretion. CAR T cell-mediated IFNγ production facilitated by IL-12 signaling is required for tumor cell killing, which is recapitulated by engineering an optimized membrane-bound IL-12 (mbIL12) molecule in CAR T cells. These T cells show improved antigen-dependent T cell proliferation and recursive tumor cell killing in vitro, with robust in vivo efficacy in human ovarian cancer xenograft models. Locoregional administration of mbIL12-engineered CAR T cells promotes durable anti-tumor responses against both regional and systemic disease in mice. Safety and efficacy of mbIL12-engineered CAR T cells is demonstrated using an immunocompetent mouse model, with beneficial effects on the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Collectively, our study features a clinically-applicable strategy to improve the efficacy of locoregionally-delivered CAR T cells engineered with antigen-dependent immune-modulating cytokines in targeting regional and systemic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Hee Jun Lee
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - John P Murad
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Lea Christian
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Jackson Gibson
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Yukiko Yamaguchi
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Cody Cullen
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Diana Gumber
- Irell and Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Anthony K Park
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Cari Young
- Irell and Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Isabel Monroy
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Jason Yang
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Lawrence A Stern
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Lauren N Adkins
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Gaurav Dhapola
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Brenna Gittins
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Wen-Chung Chang
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Catalina Martinez
- Department of Clinical and Translational Project Development, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Yanghee Woo
- Department of Surgery, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Mihaela Cristea
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | | | - Jun Ishihara
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, 86 Wood Lane, London, W120BZ, UK
| | - John K Lee
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, 98019, USA
| | - Stephen J Forman
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Leo D Wang
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Saul J Priceman
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA.
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA.
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42
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Li F, Zhang XQ, Ho W, Tang M, Li Z, Bu L, Xu X. mRNA lipid nanoparticle-mediated pyroptosis sensitizes immunologically cold tumors to checkpoint immunotherapy. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4223. [PMID: 37454146 PMCID: PMC10349854 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39938-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Synergistically improving T-cell responsiveness is promising for favorable therapeutic outcomes in immunologically cold tumors, yet current treatments often fail to induce a cascade of cancer-immunity cycle for effective antitumor immunity. Gasdermin-mediated pyroptosis is a newly discovered mechanism in cancer immunotherapy; however, cleavage in the N terminus is required to activate pyroptosis. Here, we report a single-agent mRNA nanomedicine-based strategy that utilizes mRNA lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) encoding only the N-terminus of gasdermin to trigger pyroptosis, eliciting robust antitumor immunity. In multiple female mouse models, we show that pyroptosis-triggering mRNA/LNPs turn cold tumors into hot ones and create a positive feedback loop to promote antitumor immunity. Additionally, mRNA/LNP-induced pyroptosis sensitizes tumors to anti-PD-1 immunotherapy, facilitating tumor growth inhibition. Antitumor activity extends beyond the treated lesions and suppresses the growth of distant tumors. We implement a strategy for inducing potent antitumor immunity, enhancing immunotherapy responses in immunologically cold tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengqiao Li
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Xue-Qing Zhang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Drug Target Identification and Delivery, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, PR China.
- National Key Laboratory of Innovative Immunotherapy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, PR China.
| | - William Ho
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Maoping Tang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Drug Target Identification and Delivery, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, PR China
- National Key Laboratory of Innovative Immunotherapy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Zhongyu Li
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Lei Bu
- Department of Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xiaoyang Xu
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, USA.
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43
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Cheng F, Su T, Zhou S, Liu X, Yang S, Lin S, Guo W, Zhu G. Single-dose injectable nanovaccine-in-hydrogel for robust immunotherapy of large tumors with abscopal effect. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eade6257. [PMID: 37450588 PMCID: PMC10348685 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ade6257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Current cancer immunotherapy [e.g., immune checkpoint blockade (ICB)] only benefits small subsets of patients, largely due to immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). In situ tumor vaccination can reduce TME immunosuppression and thereby improve cancer immunotherapy. Here, we present single-dose injectable (nanovaccines + ICBs)-in-hydrogel (NvIH) for robust immunotherapy of large tumors with abscopal effect. NvIH is thermo-responsive hydrogel co-encapsulated with ICB antibodies and novel polymeric nanoparticles loaded with three immunostimulatory agonists for Toll-like receptors 7/8/9 (TLR7/8/9) and stimulator of interferon genes (STING). Upon in situ tumor vaccination, NvIH undergoes rapid sol-to-gel transformation, prolongs tumor retention, sustains the release of immunotherapeutics, and reduces acute systemic inflammation. In multiple poorly immunogenic tumor models, single-dose NvIH reduces multitier TME immunosuppression, elicits potent TME and systemic innate and adaptive antitumor immunity with memory, and regresses both local (vaccinated) and distant large tumors with abscopal effect, including distant orthotopic glioblastoma. Overall, NvIH holds great potential for tumor immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Furong Cheng
- Translational Medicine Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, China
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering and Sciences, Institute for Structural Biology and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmacy, The Developmental Therapeutics Program, Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Ting Su
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering and Sciences, Institute for Structural Biology and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmacy, The Developmental Therapeutics Program, Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
- Center for Translational Medicine, Precision Medicine Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Shurong Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering and Sciences, Institute for Structural Biology and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmacy, The Developmental Therapeutics Program, Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Xiang Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering and Sciences, Institute for Structural Biology and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmacy, The Developmental Therapeutics Program, Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Suling Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Shuibin Lin
- Center for Translational Medicine, Precision Medicine Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Weisheng Guo
- Translational Medicine Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Guizhi Zhu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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44
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Fu Y, Tang R, Zhao X. Engineering cytokines for cancer immunotherapy: a systematic review. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1218082. [PMID: 37483629 PMCID: PMC10357296 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1218082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytokines are pivotal mediators of cell communication in the tumor microenvironment. Multiple cytokines are involved in the host antitumor response, but the production and function of these cytokines are usually dysregulated during malignant tumor progression. Considering their clinical potential and the early successful use of cytokines in cancer immunotherapy, such as interferon alpha-2b (IFNα-2b; IntronA®) and IL-2 (Proleukin®), cytokine-based therapeutics have been extensively evaluated in many follow-up clinical trials. Following these initial breakthroughs, however, clinical translation of these natural messenger molecules has been greatly limited owing to their high-degree pleiotropic features and complex biological properties in many cell types. These characteristics, coupled with poor pharmacokinetics (a short half-life), have hampered the delivery of cytokines via systemic administration, particularly because of severe dose-limiting toxicities. New engineering approaches have been developed to widen the therapeutic window, prolong pharmacokinetic effects, enhance tumor targeting and reduce adverse effects, thereby improving therapeutic efficacy. In this review, we focus on the recent progress and competitive landscape in cytokine engineering strategies and preclinical/clinical therapeutics for cancer. In addition, aiming to promote engineered cytokine-based cancer immunotherapy, we present a profound discussion about the feasibility of recently developed methods in clinical medicine translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Neurology and Oncology Drug Development, Jiangsu Simcere Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Simcere Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd., Nanjing, China
| | - Renhong Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Neurology and Oncology Drug Development, Jiangsu Simcere Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Nanjing, China
- Simcere Zaiming Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd., Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Neurology and Oncology Drug Development, Jiangsu Simcere Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Simcere Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd., Nanjing, China
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45
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Sheen A, Agarwal Y, Cheah KM, Cowles SC, Stinson JA, Palmeri JR, Sikes HD, Wittrup KD. Tumor-localized catalases can fail to alter tumor growth and transcriptional profiles in subcutaneous syngeneic mouse tumor models. Redox Biol 2023; 64:102766. [PMID: 37311396 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Catalase is an antioxidant enzyme that catalyzes the rapid conversion of hydrogen peroxide to water and oxygen. Use of catalase as a cancer therapeutic has been proposed to reduce oxidative stress and hypoxia in the tumor microenvironment, both activities which are hypothesized to reduce tumor growth. Furthermore, exposing murine tumors to exogenous catalase was previously reported to have therapeutic benefit. We studied the therapeutic effect of tumor-localized catalases with the aim to further elucidate the mechanism of action. To do this, we engineered two approaches to maximize intratumoral catalase exposure: 1) an injected extracellular catalase with enhanced tumor retention, and 2) tumor cell lines that over-express intracellular catalase. Both approaches were characterized for functionality and tested for therapeutic efficacy and mechanism in 4T1 and CT26 murine syngeneic tumor models. The injected catalase was confirmed to have enzyme activity >30,000 U/mg and was retained at the injection site for more than one week in vivo. The engineered cell lines exhibited increased catalase activity and antioxidant capacity, with catalase over-expression that was maintained for at least one week after gene expression was induced in vivo. We did not observe a significant difference in tumor growth or survival between catalase-treated and untreated mice when either approach was used. Finally, bulk RNA sequencing of tumors was performed, comparing the gene expression of catalase-treated and untreated tumors. Gene expression analysis revealed very few differentially expressed genes as a result of exposure to catalase and notably, we did not observe changes consistent with an altered state of hypoxia or oxidative stress. In conclusion, we observe that sustained intratumoral catalase neither has therapeutic benefit nor triggers significant differential expression of genes associated with the anticipated therapeutic mechanism in the subcutaneous syngeneic tumor models used. Given the lack of effect observed, we propose that further development of catalase as a cancer therapeutic should take these findings into consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison Sheen
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Yash Agarwal
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Keith M Cheah
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Sarah C Cowles
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jordan A Stinson
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Joseph R Palmeri
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Hadley D Sikes
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - K Dane Wittrup
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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46
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Wang Y, Wang W, Gu R, Chen J, Chen Q, Lin T, Wu J, Hu Y, Yuan A. In Situ Vaccination with Mitochondria-Targeting Immunogenic Death Inducer Elicits CD8 + T Cell-Dependent Antitumor Immunity to Boost Tumor Immunotherapy. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023:e2300286. [PMID: 37127892 PMCID: PMC10369267 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202300286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
In situ vaccination can elicit systemic antitumor immunity to potentiate immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) in poorly immunogenic tumors. Herein, an immunogenic cell death (ICD) inducer for in situ vaccination, which is based on a mitochondria-targeting modification of fenofibric acid (FFa), a lipid-lowering drug with potential inhibitory efficacy of respiratory complex I is developed. Mitochondria-targeting FFa (Mito-FFa) inhibits complex I efficiently and increases mitochondrial ROS (mtROS) generation, which further triggers endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress with unprecedented calreticulin (CRT) exposure on tumor cellular membranes. Moreover, the generated mtROS also oxidizes mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and promotes it leakage into the cytoplasm for cGAS-STING-dependent type I interferon (IFN-I) secretion. The synchronous CRT exposure and IFN-I secretion successively improve the uptake of tumor antigens, maturation of dendritic cells (DCs) and cross-priming of CD8+ T cells. In a poorly immunogenic 4T1 tumor model, a single intratumoral (i.t.) Mito-FFa injection turns immune-cold tumors into hot ones and elicits systemic tumor-specific CD8+ T cells responses against primary and metastatic tumors. Furthermore, the synergistic effect with PD-L1 blockade and good bio-safety of i.t. Mito-FFa administration suggest the great translational potential of Mito-FFa in tumor immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Medical School and School of Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P. R. China
| | - Weiran Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Medical School and School of Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P. R. China
| | - Rong Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Medical School and School of Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P. R. China
| | - Jing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Medical School and School of Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P. R. China
| | - Qian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Medical School and School of Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P. R. China
| | - Tingsheng Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Medical School and School of Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P. R. China
- Department of Urology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210093, P. R. China
| | - Jinhui Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Medical School and School of Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Nano Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P. R. China
| | - Yiqiao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Medical School and School of Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Nano Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P. R. China
| | - Ahu Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Medical School and School of Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Nano Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P. R. China
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47
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Naletova I, Tomasello B, Attanasio F, Pleshkan VV. Prospects for the Use of Metal-Based Nanoparticles as Adjuvants for Local Cancer Immunotherapy. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15051346. [PMID: 37242588 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15051346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy is among the most effective approaches for treating cancer. One of the key aspects for successful immunotherapy is to achieve a strong and stable antitumor immune response. Modern immune checkpoint therapy demonstrates that cancer can be defeated. However, it also points out the weaknesses of immunotherapy, as not all tumors respond to therapy and the co-administration of different immunomodulators may be severely limited due to their systemic toxicity. Nevertheless, there is an established way through which to increase the immunogenicity of immunotherapy-by the use of adjuvants. These enhance the immune response without inducing such severe adverse effects. One of the most well-known and studied adjuvant strategies to improve immunotherapy efficacy is the use of metal-based compounds, in more modern implementation-metal-based nanoparticles (MNPs), which are exogenous agents that act as danger signals. Adding innate immune activation to the main action of an immunomodulator makes it capable of eliciting a robust anti-cancer immune response. The use of an adjuvant has the peculiarity of a local administration of the drug, which positively affects its safety. In this review, we will consider the use of MNPs as low-toxicity adjuvants for cancer immunotherapy, which could provide an abscopal effect when administered locally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Naletova
- Institute of Crystallography, National Council of Research, CNR, S.S. Catania, Via P. Gaifami 18, 95126 Catania, Italy
| | - Barbara Tomasello
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, V.le Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Francesco Attanasio
- Institute of Crystallography, National Council of Research, CNR, S.S. Catania, Via P. Gaifami 18, 95126 Catania, Italy
| | - Victor V Pleshkan
- Gene Immunooncotherapy Group, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, 117997 Moscow, Russia
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48
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Chen P, Yang W, Nagaoka K, Huang GL, Miyazaki T, Hong T, Li S, Igarashi K, Takeda K, Kakimi K, Kataoka K, Cabral H. An IL-12-Based Nanocytokine Safely Potentiates Anticancer Immunity through Spatiotemporal Control of Inflammation to Eradicate Advanced Cold Tumors. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2205139. [PMID: 36739605 PMCID: PMC10074049 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202205139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Treatment of immunologically cold tumors is a major challenge for immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Interleukin 12 (IL-12) can invigorate ICIs against cold tumors by establishing a robust antitumor immunity. However, its toxicity and systemic induction of counteracting immunosuppressive signals have hindered translation. Here, IL-12 activity is spatiotemporally controlled for safely boosting efficacy without the stimulation of interfering immune responses by generating a nanocytokine that remains inactive at physiological pH, but unleashes its full activity at acidic tumor pH. The IL-12-based nanocytokine (Nano-IL-12) accumulate and release IL-12 in tumor tissues, eliciting localized antitumoral inflammation, while preventing systemic immune response, counteractive immune reactions, and adverse toxicities even after repeated intravenous administration. The Nano-IL-12-mediated spatiotemporal control of inflammation prompt superior anticancer efficacy, and synergize with ICIs to profoundly inflame the tumor microenvironment and completely eradicate ICI-resistant primary and metastatic tumors. The strategy could be a promising approach toward safer and more effective immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengwen Chen
- Department of BioengineeringGraduate School of EngineeringThe University of Tokyo7‐3‐1 HongoBunkyo‐kuTokyo113‐8656Japan
| | - Wenqian Yang
- Department of BioengineeringGraduate School of EngineeringThe University of Tokyo7‐3‐1 HongoBunkyo‐kuTokyo113‐8656Japan
| | - Koji Nagaoka
- Department of ImmunotherapeuticsThe University of Tokyo Hospital7‐3‐1 Hongo, Bunkyo‐kuTokyo113‐8655Japan
| | - George Lo Huang
- Department of BioengineeringGraduate School of EngineeringThe University of Tokyo7‐3‐1 HongoBunkyo‐kuTokyo113‐8656Japan
| | - Takuya Miyazaki
- Red Arrow Therapeutics, Inc.7‐3‐1 Hongo, Bunkyo‐kuTokyo113‐0003Japan
- Kanagawa Institute of Industrial Science and Technology705‐1ShimoimaizumiEbina CityKanagawa243‐0435Japan
| | - Taehun Hong
- Department of BioengineeringGraduate School of EngineeringThe University of Tokyo7‐3‐1 HongoBunkyo‐kuTokyo113‐8656Japan
| | - Shangwei Li
- Department of BioengineeringGraduate School of EngineeringThe University of Tokyo7‐3‐1 HongoBunkyo‐kuTokyo113‐8656Japan
| | - Kazunori Igarashi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck SurgeryGraduate School of Medicine and Faculty of MedicineThe University of Tokyo7‐3‐1 Hongo, Bunkyo‐kuTokyo113‐0033Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Takeda
- Department of Biofunctional MicrobiotaGraduate School of MedicineJuntendo University2‐1‐1 Hongo, Bunkyo‐kuTokyo113‐8421Japan
- Laboratory of Cell BiologyResearch Support CenterGraduate School of MedicineJuntendo University2‐1‐1 Hongo, Bunkyo‐kuTokyo113‐8421Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Kakimi
- Department of ImmunotherapeuticsThe University of Tokyo Hospital7‐3‐1 Hongo, Bunkyo‐kuTokyo113‐8655Japan
| | - Kazunori Kataoka
- Innovation Center of NanoMedicine (iCONM)Kawasaki Institute of Industrial Promotion3‐25‐14 Tonomachi, Kawasaki‐kuKawasaki210‐0821Japan
| | - Horacio Cabral
- Department of BioengineeringGraduate School of EngineeringThe University of Tokyo7‐3‐1 HongoBunkyo‐kuTokyo113‐8656Japan
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49
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Zhang X, Wu FG. Intratumorally delivering cytokines via a universal and modular strategy. MOLECULAR BIOMEDICINE 2023; 4:5. [PMID: 36790566 PMCID: PMC9931959 DOI: 10.1186/s43556-023-00117-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xinping Zhang
- grid.263826.b0000 0004 1761 0489State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096 China
| | - Fu-Gen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China.
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50
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Su Y, Xu W, Wei Q, Ma Y, Ding J, Chen X. Chiral polypeptide nanoparticles as nanoadjuvants of nanovaccines for efficient cancer prevention and therapy. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2023; 68:284-294. [PMID: 36732117 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2023.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The chirality of bioactive molecules is closely related to their functions. D-amino acids commonly distributed in the bacterial cell walls trigger a robust anti-infective immune response. Inspired by that, two kinds of chiral polypeptides, poly(L-phenylalanine)-block-poly(L-lysine) (PL-K) and poly(L-phenylalanine)-block-poly(D-lysine) (PD-K), were synthesized and used as nanoadjuvants of nanovaccines for cancer prevention and therapy. The amphiphilic polypeptides self-assembled into nanoparticles with a diameter of about 30 nm during ultrasonic-assisted dissolution in phosphate-buffered saline. The nanovaccines PL-K-OVA and PD-K-OVA were easily prepared by mixing solutions of PL-K or PD-K and the model antigen chicken ovalbumin (OVA), respectively, with loading efficiencies of almost 100%. Compared to PL-K-OVA, PD-K-OVA more robustly induced dendritic cell maturation, antigen cross-presentation, and adaptive immune response. More importantly, it effectively prevented and treated the OVA-expressed B16-OVA melanoma model. PD-K-OVA achieved a tumor inhibition rate of 94.9% and even 97.0% by combining with anti-PD-1 antibody. Therefore, the chiral polypeptide nanoparticles represent simple, efficient, and extensively applicable nanoadjuvants for various nanovaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanzhen Su
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Weiguo Xu
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Qi Wei
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, China
| | - Yang Ma
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Jianxun Ding
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China.
| | - Xuesi Chen
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
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