1
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Jiang Y, Renata H. Modular chemoenzymatic synthesis of ten fusicoccane diterpenoids. Nat Chem 2024; 16:1531-1538. [PMID: 38710830 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-024-01533-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Fusicoccane diterpenoids display intriguing biological activities, including the ability to act as modulators of 14-3-3 protein-protein interactions. However, their innate structural complexity and diverse oxygenation patterns present enormous synthetic challenges. Here we develop a modular chemoenzymatic approach that combines de novo skeletal construction and late-stage hybrid C-H oxidations to achieve the synthesis of ten complex fusicoccanes in 8-13 steps each. A convergent fragment coupling strategy allowed rapid access to a key tricyclic intermediate, which was subjected to chemical and enzymatic C-H oxidations to modularly prepare five oxidized family members. We also conceived a complementary biomimetic skeletal remodelling strategy to synthetically access five rearranged fusicoccanes with unusual bridgehead double bonds. This work may facilitate future investigation into the biological activities of the fusicoccanes and also inspire the implementation of similar hybrid strategies to provide family-level synthetic solutions to other natural product scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlong Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, BioScience Research Collaborative, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hans Renata
- Department of Chemistry, BioScience Research Collaborative, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA.
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2
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Tian DS, Zhang X, Cox RJ. Comparing total chemical synthesis and total biosynthesis routes to fungal specialized metabolites. Nat Prod Rep 2024. [PMID: 39145774 DOI: 10.1039/d4np00015c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
Covering the period 1965-2024Total synthesis has been defined as the art and science of making the molecules of living Nature in the laboratory, and by extension, their analogues. At the extremes, specialised metabolites can be created by total chemical synthesis or by total biosynthesis. In this review we explore the advantages and disadvantages of these two approaches using quantitative methodology that combines measures of molecular complexity, molecular weight and fraction of sp3 centres for bioactive fungal metabolites. Total biosynthesis usually involves fewer chemical steps and those steps move more directly to the target than comparable total chemical synthesis. However, total biosynthesis currently lacks the flexibility of chemical synthesis and the ability to easily diversify synthetic routes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Song Tian
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, 400715 Chongqing, China.
| | - Xiao Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, 400715 Chongqing, China.
| | - Russell J Cox
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, Leibniz University of Hannover, Schneiderberg 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany.
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3
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Stout CN, Renata H. Total Synthesis Facilitates In Vitro Reconstitution of the C-S Bond-Forming P450 in Griseoviridin Biosynthesis. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:21815-21823. [PMID: 39042396 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c06080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
Griseoviridin is a group A streptogramin natural product from Streptomyces with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity. A hybrid polyketide-nonribosomal peptide, it comprises a 23-membered macrocycle, an embedded oxazole motif, and a macrolactone with a unique ene-thiol linkage. Recent analysis of the griseoviridin biosynthetic gene cluster implicated SgvP, a cytochrome P450 monooxygenase, in late-stage installation of the critical C-S bond. While genetic and crystallographic experiments provided indirect evidence to support this hypothesis, the exact function of SgvP has never been confirmed biochemically. Herein, we report a convergent total synthesis of pre-griseoviridin, the putative substrate of P450 SgvP and precursor to griseoviridin. Our strategy features concise and rapid assembly of two fragments joined via sequential peptide coupling and Stille macrocyclization. Access to pre-griseoviridin then enabled in vitro validation of SgvP as the C-S bond-forming P450 during griseoviridin biosynthesis, culminating in a nine-step chemoenzymatic synthesis of griseoviridin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carter N Stout
- Department of Chemistry, BioScience Research Collaborative, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
- Skaggs Doctoral Program in the Chemical and Biological Sciences, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Hans Renata
- Department of Chemistry, BioScience Research Collaborative, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
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4
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Gary S, Woolley J, Goia S, Bloom S. Unlocking flavin photoacid catalysis through electrophotochemistry. Chem Sci 2024; 15:11444-11454. [PMID: 39055006 PMCID: PMC11268482 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc03054k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Molecular flavins are one of the most versatile photocatalysts. They can coordinate single and multiple electron transfer processes, gift hydrogen atoms, form reversible covalent linkages that support group transfer mechanisms, and impart photonic energy to ground state molecules, priming them for downstream reactions. But one mechanism that has not featured extensively is the ability of flavins to act as photoacids. Herein, we disclose our proof-of-concept studies showing that electrophotochemistry can transform fully oxidized flavin quinones to super-oxidized flavinium photoacids that successfully guide proton-transfer and deliver acid-catalyzed products. We also show that these species can adopt a second mechanism wherein they react with water to release hydroxyl radicals that facilitate hydrogen-atom abstraction and sp3C-H functionalization protocols. Together, this unprecedented bimodal reactivity enables electro-generated flavinium salts to affect synthetic chemistries previously unknown to flavins, greatly expanding their versatility as catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Gary
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Kansas Lawrence 66045 USA
| | - Jack Woolley
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick Coventry CV4 7AL UK
| | - Sofia Goia
- Forensic Centre for Digital Scanning and 3D Printing, WMG, University of Warwick Coventry CV4 7AL UK
| | - Steven Bloom
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Kansas Lawrence 66045 USA
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5
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Tanifuji R, Oguri H. Chemo-enzymatic total synthesis: current approaches toward the integration of chemical and enzymatic transformations. Beilstein J Org Chem 2024; 20:1693-1712. [PMID: 39076288 PMCID: PMC11285072 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.20.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
A steadily increasing number of reports have been published on chemo-enzymatic synthesis methods that integrate biosynthetic enzymatic transformations with chemical conversions. This review focuses on the total synthesis of natural products and classifies the enzymatic reactions into three categories. The total synthesis of five natural products: cotylenol, trichodimerol, chalcomoracin, tylactone, and saframycin A, as well as their analogs, is outlined with an emphasis on comparing these chemo-enzymatic syntheses with the corresponding natural biosynthetic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Tanifuji
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hiroki Oguri
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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6
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Kissman EN, Sosa MB, Millar DC, Koleski EJ, Thevasundaram K, Chang MCY. Expanding chemistry through in vitro and in vivo biocatalysis. Nature 2024; 631:37-48. [PMID: 38961155 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07506-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Living systems contain a vast network of metabolic reactions, providing a wealth of enzymes and cells as potential biocatalysts for chemical processes. The properties of protein and cell biocatalysts-high selectivity, the ability to control reaction sequence and operation in environmentally benign conditions-offer approaches to produce molecules at high efficiency while lowering the cost and environmental impact of industrial chemistry. Furthermore, biocatalysis offers the opportunity to generate chemical structures and functions that may be inaccessible to chemical synthesis. Here we consider developments in enzymes, biosynthetic pathways and cellular engineering that enable their use in catalysis for new chemistry and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elijah N Kissman
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Max B Sosa
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Douglas C Millar
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Edward J Koleski
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | | | - Michelle C Y Chang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA.
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7
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Buzsaki SR, Mason SM, Kattamuri PV, Serviano JMI, Rodriguez DN, Wilson CV, Hood DM, Ellefsen JD, Lu YC, Kan J, West JG, Miller SJ, Holland PL. Fe/Thiol Cooperative Hydrogen Atom Transfer Olefin Hydrogenation: Mechanistic Insights That Inform Enantioselective Catalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:17296-17310. [PMID: 38875703 PMCID: PMC11209773 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c04047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
Asymmetric hydrogenation of activated olefins using transition metal catalysis is a powerful tool for the synthesis of complex molecules, but traditional metal catalysts have difficulty with enantioselective reduction of electron-neutral, electron-rich, and minimally functionalized olefins. Hydrogenation based on radical, metal-catalyzed hydrogen atom transfer (mHAT) mechanisms offers an outstanding opportunity to overcome these difficulties, enabling the mild reduction of these challenging olefins with selectivity that is complementary to traditional hydrogenations with H2. Further, mHAT presents an opportunity for asymmetric induction through cooperative hydrogen atom transfer (cHAT) using chiral thiols. Here, we report insights from a mechanistic study of an iron-catalyzed achiral cHAT reaction and leverage these insights to deliver stereocontrol from chiral thiols. Kinetic analysis and variation of silane structure point to the transfer of hydride from silane to iron as the likely rate-limiting step. The data indicate that the selectivity-determining step is quenching of the alkyl radical by thiol, which becomes a more potent H atom donor when coordinated to iron(II). The resulting iron(III)-thiolate complex is in equilibrium with other iron species, including FeII(acac)2, which is shown to be the predominant off-cycle species. The enantiodetermining nature of the thiol trapping step enables enantioselective net hydrogenation of olefins through cHAT using a commercially available glucose-derived thiol catalyst with up to 80:20 enantiomeric ratio. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of asymmetric hydrogenation via iron-catalyzed mHAT. These findings advance our understanding of cooperative radical catalysis and act as a proof of principle for the development of enantioselective iron-catalyzed mHAT reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah R. Buzsaki
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Savannah M. Mason
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | | | - Juan M. I. Serviano
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Dinora N. Rodriguez
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Conner V. Wilson
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Drew M. Hood
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Jonathan D. Ellefsen
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Yen-Chu Lu
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Jolie Kan
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Julian G. West
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Scott J. Miller
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Patrick L. Holland
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
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8
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Ancajas CMF, Oyedele AS, Butt CM, Walker AS. Advances, opportunities, and challenges in methods for interrogating the structure activity relationships of natural products. Nat Prod Rep 2024. [PMID: 38912779 DOI: 10.1039/d4np00009a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Time span in literature: 1985-early 2024Natural products play a key role in drug discovery, both as a direct source of drugs and as a starting point for the development of synthetic compounds. Most natural products are not suitable to be used as drugs without further modification due to insufficient activity or poor pharmacokinetic properties. Choosing what modifications to make requires an understanding of the compound's structure-activity relationships. Use of structure-activity relationships is commonplace and essential in medicinal chemistry campaigns applied to human-designed synthetic compounds. Structure-activity relationships have also been used to improve the properties of natural products, but several challenges still limit these efforts. Here, we review methods for studying the structure-activity relationships of natural products and their limitations. Specifically, we will discuss how synthesis, including total synthesis, late-stage derivatization, chemoenzymatic synthetic pathways, and engineering and genome mining of biosynthetic pathways can be used to produce natural product analogs and discuss the challenges of each of these approaches. Finally, we will discuss computational methods including machine learning methods for analyzing the relationship between biosynthetic genes and product activity, computer aided drug design techniques, and interpretable artificial intelligence approaches towards elucidating structure-activity relationships from models trained to predict bioactivity from chemical structure. Our focus will be on these latter topics as their applications for natural products have not been extensively reviewed. We suggest that these methods are all complementary to each other, and that only collaborative efforts using a combination of these techniques will result in a full understanding of the structure-activity relationships of natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Caitlin M Butt
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
| | - Allison S Walker
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
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9
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Schneider A, Lystbæk TB, Markthaler D, Hansen N, Hauer B. Biocatalytic stereocontrolled head-to-tail cyclizations of unbiased terpenes as a tool in chemoenzymatic synthesis. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4925. [PMID: 38858373 PMCID: PMC11165016 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48993-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Terpene synthesis stands at the forefront of modern synthetic chemistry and represents the state-of-the-art in the chemist's toolbox. Notwithstanding, these endeavors are inherently tied to the current availability of natural cyclic building blocks. Addressing this limitation, the stereocontrolled cyclization of abundant unbiased linear terpenes emerges as a valuable tool, which is still difficult to achieve with chemical catalysts. In this study, we showcase the remarkable capabilities of squalene-hopene cyclases (SHCs) in the chemoenzymatic synthesis of head-to-tail-fused terpenes. By combining engineered SHCs and a practical reaction setup, we generate ten chiral scaffolds with >99% ee and de, at up to decagram scale. Our mechanistic insights suggest how cyclodextrin encapsulation of terpenes may influence the performance of the membrane-bound enzyme. Moreover, we transform the chiral templates to valuable (mero)-terpenes using interdisciplinary synthetic methods, including a catalytic ring-contraction of enol-ethers facilitated by cooperative iodine/lipase catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Schneider
- Institute of Biochemistry and Technical Biochemistry, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart-Vaihingen, Germany
| | - Thomas B Lystbæk
- Institute of Biochemistry and Technical Biochemistry, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart-Vaihingen, Germany
| | - Daniel Markthaler
- Institute of Thermodynamics and Thermal Process Engineering, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart-Vaihingen, Germany
| | - Niels Hansen
- Institute of Thermodynamics and Thermal Process Engineering, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart-Vaihingen, Germany
| | - Bernhard Hauer
- Institute of Biochemistry and Technical Biochemistry, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart-Vaihingen, Germany.
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10
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Fansher D, Besna JN, Fendri A, Pelletier JN. Choose Your Own Adventure: A Comprehensive Database of Reactions Catalyzed by Cytochrome P450 BM3 Variants. ACS Catal 2024; 14:5560-5592. [PMID: 38660610 PMCID: PMC11036407 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.4c00086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 BM3 monooxygenase is the topic of extensive research as many researchers have evolved this enzyme to generate a variety of products. However, the abundance of information on increasingly diversified variants of P450 BM3 that catalyze a broad array of chemistry is not in a format that enables easy extraction and interpretation. We present a database that categorizes variants by their catalyzed reactions and includes details about substrates to provide reaction context. This database of >1500 P450 BM3 variants is downloadable and machine-readable and includes instructions to maximize ease of gathering information. The database allows rapid identification of commonly reported substitutions, aiding researchers who are unfamiliar with the enzyme in identifying starting points for enzyme engineering. For those actively engaged in engineering P450 BM3, the database, along with this review, provides a powerful and user-friendly platform to understand, predict, and identify the attributes of P450 BM3 variants, encouraging the further engineering of this enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas
J. Fansher
- Chemistry
Department, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada H2V 0B3
- PROTEO,
The Québec Network for Research on Protein Function, Engineering,
and Applications, 201
Av. du Président-Kennedy, Montréal, QC, Canada H2X 3Y7
- CGCC,
Center in Green Chemistry and Catalysis, Montreal, QC, Canada H2V 0B3
| | - Jonathan N. Besna
- PROTEO,
The Québec Network for Research on Protein Function, Engineering,
and Applications, 201
Av. du Président-Kennedy, Montréal, QC, Canada H2X 3Y7
- CGCC,
Center in Green Chemistry and Catalysis, Montreal, QC, Canada H2V 0B3
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada H3T 1J4
| | - Ali Fendri
- Chemistry
Department, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada H2V 0B3
- PROTEO,
The Québec Network for Research on Protein Function, Engineering,
and Applications, 201
Av. du Président-Kennedy, Montréal, QC, Canada H2X 3Y7
- CGCC,
Center in Green Chemistry and Catalysis, Montreal, QC, Canada H2V 0B3
| | - Joelle N. Pelletier
- Chemistry
Department, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada H2V 0B3
- PROTEO,
The Québec Network for Research on Protein Function, Engineering,
and Applications, 201
Av. du Président-Kennedy, Montréal, QC, Canada H2X 3Y7
- CGCC,
Center in Green Chemistry and Catalysis, Montreal, QC, Canada H2V 0B3
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada H3T 1J4
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11
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Zhang D, Du W, Pan X, Lin X, Li FR, Wang Q, Yang Q, Xu HM, Dong LB. Discovery and biosynthesis of bacterial drimane-type sesquiterpenoids from Streptomyces clavuligerus. Beilstein J Org Chem 2024; 20:815-822. [PMID: 38655553 PMCID: PMC11035983 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.20.73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Drimane-type sesquiterpenoids (DMTs) are characterized by a distinctive 6/6 bicyclic skeleton comprising the A and B rings. While DMTs are commonly found in fungi and plants, their presence in bacteria has not been reported. Moreover, the biosynthetic pathways for DMTs have been primarily elucidated in fungi, with identified P450s only acting on the B ring. In this study, we isolated and characterized three bacterial DMTs, namely 3β-hydroxydrimenol (2), 2α-hydroxydrimenol (3), and 3-ketodrimenol (4), from Streptomyces clavuligerus. Through genome mining and heterologous expression, we identified a cav biosynthetic gene cluster responsible for the biosynthesis of DMTs 2-4, along with a P450, CavA, responsible for introducing the C-2 and C-3 hydroxy groups. Furthermore, the substrate scope of CavA revealed its ability to hydroxylate drimenol analogs. This discovery not only broadens the known chemical diversity of DMTs from bacteria, but also provides new insights into DMT biosynthesis in bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongxu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Wenyu Du
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Xingming Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Xiaoxu Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Fang-Ru Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Qingling Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Qian Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Hui-Min Xu
- The Public Laboratory Platform, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Liao-Bin Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
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12
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Yin Y, Wang J, Li J. A concise and scalable chemoenzymatic synthesis of prostaglandins. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2523. [PMID: 38514642 PMCID: PMC10957970 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46960-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Prostaglandins have garnered significant attention from synthetic chemists due to their exceptional biological activities. In this report, we present a concise chemoenzymatic synthesis method for several representative prostaglandins, achieved in 5 to 7 steps. Notably, the common intermediate bromohydrin, a radical equivalent of Corey lactone, is chemoenzymatically synthesized in only two steps, which allows us to complete the synthesis of prostaglandin F2α in five steps on a 10-gram scale. The chiral cyclopentane core is introduced with high enantioselectivity, while the lipid chains are sequentially incorporated through a cost-effective process involving bromohydrin formation, nickel-catalyzed cross-couplings, and Wittig reactions. This cost-efficient synthesis route for prostaglandins holds the potential to make prostaglandin-related drugs more affordable and facilitate easier access to their analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunpeng Yin
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs and Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinxin Wang
- Department of Phytochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Li
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs and Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
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13
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Wang D, Yuan C, Li Y, Bai S, Feng J, Wang Y, Fang Y, Zhang Z. Chelation of the Optimal Antifungal Pogostone Analogue with Copper(II) to Explore the Dual Antifungal and Antibacterial Agent. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:3894-3903. [PMID: 38366986 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c07050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
In an ongoing effort to explore more potent antifungal pogostone (Po) analogues, we maintained the previously identified 3-acetyl-4-hydroxy-2-pyrone core motif while synthesizing a series of Po analogues with variations in the alkyl side chain. The in vitro bioassay results revealed that compound 21 was the most potent antifungal analogue with an EC50 value of 1.1 μg/mL against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary. Meanwhile, its Cu(II) complex 34 manifested significantly enhanced antibacterial activity against Xanthomonas campestris pv campestris (Xcc) with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of 300 μg/mL compared with 21 (MIC = 700 μg/mL). Complex 34 exhibited a striking preventive effect against S. sclerotiorum and Xcc in rape leaves, with control efficacies of 98.8% (50 μg/mL) and 80.7% (1000 μg/mL), respectively. The 3D-QSAR models generated using Topomer comparative molecular field analysis indicated that a shorter alkyl chain (carbon atom number <8), terminal rings, or electron-deficient groups on the alkyl side chain are beneficial for antifungal potency. Further, bioassay results revealed that the component of 21 in complex 34 dominated the antifungal activity, but the introduction of Cu(II) significantly enhanced its antibacterial activity. The toxicological observations demonstrated that 21 could induce abnormal mitochondrial morphology, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation in S. sclerotiorum. The enzyme assay results showed that 21 is a moderate promiscuous inhibitor of mitochondrial complexes II and III. Besides, the introduction of Cu(II) to 34 could promote the disruption of the cell membrane and intracellular proteins and the ROS level in Xcc compared with 21. In summary, these results highlight the potential of 34 as a dual antifungal and antibacterial biocide for controlling rape diseases or as a promising candidate for further optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delong Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030031, Shanxi, China
| | - Chunxia Yuan
- College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030031, Shanxi, China
| | - Yunpeng Li
- College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030031, Shanxi, China
| | - Shuhong Bai
- College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030031, Shanxi, China
| | - Juntao Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yali Fang
- College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030031, Shanxi, China
| | - Zhijia Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030031, Shanxi, China
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14
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Anwar K, Capaldo L, Wan T, Noël T, Gómez-Suárez A. Modular synthesis of congested β 2,2-amino acids via the merger of photocatalysis and oxidative functionalisations. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:1456-1459. [PMID: 38223935 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc06172h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
A two-step protocol for the modular synthesis of β2- and α-quaternary β2,2-amino acid derivatives is reported. The key steps are a photocatalytic hydroalkylation reaction, followed by an oxidative functionalisation to access N-protected β-amino acids, esters, and amides. This strategy can be effectively scaled up via continuous-flow technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khadijah Anwar
- Organic Chemistry, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Gaußstr. 20, 42119, Wuppertal, Germany.
| | - Luca Capaldo
- Flow Chemistry Group, Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, Amsterdam 1098 XH, The Netherlands
| | - Ting Wan
- Flow Chemistry Group, Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, Amsterdam 1098 XH, The Netherlands
| | - Timothy Noël
- Flow Chemistry Group, Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, Amsterdam 1098 XH, The Netherlands
| | - Adrián Gómez-Suárez
- Organic Chemistry, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Gaußstr. 20, 42119, Wuppertal, Germany.
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15
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Yang R, Zhou Z, Jiang H, Kam TS, Chen K, Ma Z. Asymmetric Synthesis of Arboduridine. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202316016. [PMID: 38038685 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202316016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
The first asymmetric total synthesis of the monoterpenoid indole alkaloid arboduridine has been accomplished. The tricyclic A/B/D ring system was constructed by an enantioselective Michael reaction followed by intramolecular nucleophilic addition. Intramolecular α-amination of a ketone forged the piperidine ring, while a Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons (HWE) reaction was used to form the pyrrolidine ring. A reduction cyclization cascade led to formation of the tetrahydrofuran ring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Yang
- Key Lab of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road-381, Guangzhou, 510641, P. R. China
| | - Zeyu Zhou
- Key Lab of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road-381, Guangzhou, 510641, P. R. China
| | - Huanfeng Jiang
- Key Lab of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road-381, Guangzhou, 510641, P. R. China
| | - Toh-Seok Kam
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kai Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, P. R. China
| | - Zhiqiang Ma
- Key Lab of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road-381, Guangzhou, 510641, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, P.R. China
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16
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Barras BJ, Ling T, Rivas F. Recent Advances in Chemistry and Antioxidant/Anticancer Biology of Monoterpene and Meroterpenoid Natural Product. Molecules 2024; 29:279. [PMID: 38202861 PMCID: PMC10780832 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29010279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Monoterpenes and meroterpenes are two large classes of isoprene-based molecules produced by terrestrial plants and unicellular organisms as diverse secondary metabolites. The global rising incidence of cancer has led to a renewed interest in natural products. These monoterpenes and meroterpenes represent a novel source of molecular scaffolds that can serve as medicinal chemistry platforms for the development of potential preclinical leads. Furthermore, some of these natural products are either abundant, or their synthetic strategies are scalable as it will be indicated here, facilitating their derivatization to expand their scope in drug discovery. This review is a collection of representative updates (from 2016-2023) in biologically active monoterpene and meroterpenoid natural products and focuses on the recent findings of the pharmacological potential of these bioactive compounds as well as the newly developed synthetic strategies employed to access them. Particular emphasis will be placed on the anticancer and antioxidant potential of these compounds in order to raise knowledge for further investigations into the development of potential anti-cancer therapeutics. The mounting experimental evidence from various research groups across the globe regarding the use of these natural products at pre-clinical levels, renders them a fast-track research area worth of attention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Taotao Ling
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, 133 Choppin Hall, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA;
| | - Fatima Rivas
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, 133 Choppin Hall, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA;
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17
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Fay N, Kouklovsky C, de la Torre A. Natural Product Synthesis: The Endless Quest for Unreachable Perfection. ACS ORGANIC & INORGANIC AU 2023; 3:350-363. [PMID: 38075446 PMCID: PMC10704578 DOI: 10.1021/acsorginorgau.3c00040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Total synthesis is a field in constant progress. Its practitioners aim to develop ideal synthetic strategies to build complex molecules. As such, they are both a driving force and a showcase of the progress of organic synthesis. In this Perspective, we discuss recent notable total syntheses. The syntheses selected herein are classified according to the key strategic considerations for each approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Fay
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay (ICMMO), Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, 17 Avenue des Sciences, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Cyrille Kouklovsky
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay (ICMMO), Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, 17 Avenue des Sciences, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Aurélien de la Torre
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay (ICMMO), Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, 17 Avenue des Sciences, 91405 Orsay, France
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18
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Stout CN, Renata H. Self-sufficient P450-reductase chimeras for biocatalysis. Methods Enzymol 2023; 693:51-71. [PMID: 37977738 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2023.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, cytochromes P450 have emerged as powerful, versatile biocatalysts for the site-selective functionalization of small molecules. Catalyzing an impressive range of chemical transformations, these enzymes have been widely used to effect C-H oxidation, biaryl coupling, and carbon-heteroatom bond formation, among many other reactions. However, the majority of P450s are multi-protein systems that employ secondary redox partners in key steps of the catalytic cycle, which limits their broader applicability. In response, the discovery of self-sufficient P450s, such as P450BM3 and P450RhF, has provided a template for the construction of artificial, self-sufficient P450-reductase fusions. In this chapter, we describe a procedure for the design, assembly, and application of two engineered, self-sufficient P450s of Streptomyces origin via fusion with an exogenous reductase domain. In particular, we generated artificial chimeras of P450s PtmO5 and TleB by linking them covalently with the reductase domain of P450RhF. Upon verification of their activities, both enzymes were employed in preparative-scale biocatalytic reactions. This approach can feasibly be applied to any P450 of interest, thereby laying the groundwork for the production of self-sufficient P450s for diverse chemical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carter N Stout
- Skaggs Doctoral Program in the Chemical and Biological Sciences, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Hans Renata
- Department of Chemistry, BioScience Research Collaborative, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States.
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19
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Abstract
The ability to site-selectively modify equivalent functional groups in a molecule has the potential to streamline syntheses and increase product yields by lowering step counts. Enzymes catalyze site-selective transformations throughout primary and secondary metabolism, but leveraging this capability for non-native substrates and reactions requires a detailed understanding of the potential and limitations of enzyme catalysis and how these bounds can be extended by protein engineering. In this review, we discuss representative examples of site-selective enzyme catalysis involving functional group manipulation and C-H bond functionalization. We include illustrative examples of native catalysis, but our focus is on cases involving non-native substrates and reactions often using engineered enzymes. We then discuss the use of these enzymes for chemoenzymatic transformations and target-oriented synthesis and conclude with a survey of tools and techniques that could expand the scope of non-native site-selective enzyme catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dibyendu Mondal
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Harrison M Snodgrass
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Christian A Gomez
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Jared C Lewis
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
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20
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Stout CN, Wasfy NM, Chen F, Renata H. Charting the Evolution of Chemoenzymatic Strategies in the Syntheses of Complex Natural Products. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:18161-18181. [PMID: 37553092 PMCID: PMC11107883 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c03422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Bolstered by recent advances in bioinformatics, genetics, and enzyme engineering, the field of chemoenzymatic synthesis has enjoyed a rapid increase in popularity and utility. This Perspective explores the integration of enzymes into multistep chemical syntheses, highlighting the unique potential of biocatalytic transformations to streamline the synthesis of complex natural products. In particular, we identify four primary conceptual approaches to chemoenzymatic synthesis and illustrate each with a number of landmark case studies. Future opportunities and challenges are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carter N. Stout
- Skaggs Doctoral Program in the Chemical and Biological Sciences, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Nour M. Wasfy
- Department of Chemistry, BioScience Research Collaborative, Rice University, Houston, Texas, 77005, United States
| | - Fang Chen
- Department of Chemistry, BioScience Research Collaborative, Rice University, Houston, Texas, 77005, United States
| | - Hans Renata
- Department of Chemistry, BioScience Research Collaborative, Rice University, Houston, Texas, 77005, United States
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21
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Gillam EMJ, Kramlinger VM. Opportunities for Accelerating Drug Discovery and Development by Using Engineered Drug-Metabolizing Enzymes. Drug Metab Dispos 2023; 51:392-402. [PMID: 36460479 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.121.000743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The study of drug metabolism is fundamental to drug discovery and development (DDD) since by mediating the clearance of most drugs, metabolic enzymes influence their bioavailability and duration of action. Biotransformation can also produce pharmacologically active or toxic products, which complicates the evaluation of the therapeutic benefit versus liability of potential drugs but also provides opportunities to explore the chemical space around a lead. The structures and relative abundance of metabolites are determined by the substrate and reaction specificity of biotransformation enzymes and their catalytic efficiency. Preclinical drug biotransformation studies are done to quantify in vitro intrinsic clearance to estimate likely in vivo pharmacokinetic parameters, to predict an appropriate dose, and to anticipate interindividual variability in response, including from drug-drug interactions. Such studies need to be done rapidly and cheaply, but native enzymes, especially in microsomes or hepatocytes, do not always produce the full complement of metabolites seen in extrahepatic tissues or preclinical test species. Furthermore, yields of metabolites are usually limiting. Engineered recombinant enzymes can make DDD more comprehensive and systematic. Additionally, as renewable, sustainable, and scalable resources, they can also be used for elegant chemoenzymatic, synthetic approaches to optimize or synthesize candidates as well as metabolites. Here, we will explore how these new tools can be used to enhance the speed and efficiency of DDD pipelines and provide a perspective on what will be possible in the future. The focus will be on cytochrome P450 enzymes to illustrate paradigms that can be extended in due course to other drug-metabolizing enzymes. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Protein engineering can generate enhanced versions of drug-metabolizing enzymes that are more stable, better suited to industrial conditions, and have altered catalytic activities, including catalyzing non-natural reactions on structurally complex lead candidates. When applied to drugs in development, libraries of engineered cytochrome P450 enzymes can accelerate the identification of active or toxic metabolites, help elucidate structure activity relationships, and, when combined with other synthetic approaches, provide access to novel structures by regio- and stereoselective functionalization of lead compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M J Gillam
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, Australia (E.M.J.G.) and Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee (V.M.K.)
| | - Valerie M Kramlinger
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, Australia (E.M.J.G.) and Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee (V.M.K.)
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22
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Abstract
The P450 superfamily comprises some of the most powerful and versatile enzymes for the site-selective oxidation of small molecules. One of the main drawbacks for the applications of the P450s in biotechnology is that the majority of these enzymes is multicomponent in nature and requires the presence of suitable redox partners to support their functions. Nevertheless, the discovery of several self-sufficient P450s, namely those from Classes VII and VIII, has served as an inspiration for fusion approaches to generate chimeric P450 systems that are self-sufficient. In this Perspective, we highlight the domain organizations of the Class VII and Class VIII P450 systems, summarize recent case studies in the engineering of catalytically self-sufficient P450s based on these systems, and outline outstanding challenges in the field, along with several emerging technologies as potential solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans Renata
- Department of Chemistry, BioScience Research Collaborative, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005
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23
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Zhao XH, Meng LL, Liu XT, Shu PF, Yuan C, An XT, Jia TX, Yang QQ, Zhen X, Fan CA. Asymmetric Divergent Synthesis of ent-Kaurane-, ent-Atisane-, ent-Beyerane-, ent-Trachylobane-, and ent-Gibberellane-type Diterpenoids. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:311-321. [PMID: 36538760 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c09985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A unified strategy toward asymmetric divergent syntheses of nine C8-ethano-bridged diterpenoids A1-A9 (candol A, powerol, sicanadiol, epi-candol A, atisirene, ent-atisan-16α-ol, 4-decarboxy-4-methyl-GA12, trachinol, and ent-beyerane) has been developed based on late-stage transformations of common synthons having ent-kaurane and ent-trachylobane cores. The expeditious assembly of crucial advanced ent-kaurane- and ent-trachylobane-type building blocks is strategically explored through a regioselective and diastereoselective Fe-mediated hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) 6-exo-trig cyclization of the alkene/enone and 3-exo-trig cyclization of the alkene/ketone, showing the multi-reactivity of densely functionalized polycyclic substrates with πC═C and πC═O systems in HAT-initiated reactions. Following the rapid construction of five major structural skeletons (ent-kaurane-, ent-atisane-, ent-beyerane-, ent-trachylobane-, and ent-gibberellane-type), nine C8-ethano-bridged diterpenoids A1-A9 could be accessed in the longest linear 8 to 11 steps starting from readily available chiral γ-cyclogeraniol 1 and known chiral γ-substituted cyclohexenone 2, in which enantioselective total syntheses of candol A (A1, 8 steps), powerol (A2, 9 steps), sicanadiol (A3, 10 steps), epi-candol A (A4, 8 steps), ent-atisan-16α-ol (A6, 11 steps), and trachinol (A8, 10 steps) are achieved for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-He Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Le-Le Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xiao-Tao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Peng-Fei Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Cheng Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xian-Tao An
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Tian-Xi Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Qi-Qiong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xiang Zhen
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Chun-An Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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24
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Gennaiou K, Kelesidis A, Kourgiantaki M, Zografos AL. Combining the best of both worlds: radical-based divergent total synthesis. Beilstein J Org Chem 2023; 19:1-26. [PMID: 36686041 PMCID: PMC9830495 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.19.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
A mature science, combining the art of the total synthesis of complex natural structures and the practicality of delivering highly diverged lead compounds for biological screening, is the constant aim of the organic chemistry community. Delivering natural lead compounds became easier during the last two decades, with the evolution of green chemistry and the concepts of atom economy and protecting-group-free synthesis dominating the field of total synthesis. In this new era, total synthesis is moving towards natural efficacy by utilizing both the biosynthetic knowledge of divergent synthesis and the latest developments in radical chemistry. This contemporary review highlights recent total syntheses that incorporate the best of both worlds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyriaki Gennaiou
- Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Thessaloniki, 54124, Greece
| | - Antonios Kelesidis
- Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Thessaloniki, 54124, Greece
| | - Maria Kourgiantaki
- Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Thessaloniki, 54124, Greece
| | - Alexandros L Zografos
- Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Thessaloniki, 54124, Greece
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25
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Hashimoto Y, Harada S, Kato R, Ikeda K, Nonnhoff J, Gröger H, Nemoto T. Merging Chemo- and Biocatalysis to Facilitate the Syntheses of Complex Natural Products: Enantioselective Construction of an N-Bridged [3.3.1] Ring System in Indole Terpenoids. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c04076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinori Hashimoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Shingo Harada
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Kato
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Kotaro Ikeda
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Jannis Nonnhoff
- Chair of Industrial Organic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Harald Gröger
- Chair of Industrial Organic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Tetsuhiro Nemoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
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26
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Abstract
The limonoids have attracted significant attention from the synthetic community owing to their striking structural complexity and medicinal potential. Recent efforts notwithstanding, synthetic access to many intact or ring D-seco limonoids still remains elusive. Here, we report the first de novo synthesis of gedunin, a ring D-seco limonoid with HSP90 inhibitory activity, that proceeds in 13 steps. Two enabling features in our strategy are the application of modern catalytic transformations to set the key quaternary centers in the carbocyclic core and the use of biocatalytic oxidation at C3 to establish a chemical handle to access the A-ring enone motif. The strategy presented herein may provide an entry point to a wider range of oxidized limonoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Li
- Department of Chemistry, BioScience Research Collaborative, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Fang Chen
- Department of Chemistry, BioScience Research Collaborative, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Hans Renata
- Department of Chemistry, BioScience Research Collaborative, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
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27
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Huang G, Kouklovsky C, de la Torre A. Gram-Scale Enantioselective Synthesis of (+)-Lucidumone. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:17803-17807. [PMID: 36150082 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c08760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The first enantioselective total synthesis of (+)-lucidumone is described through a 13-step synthetic pathway (longest linear sequence). The key steps involve the formation of a bridged bicyclic lactone by an enantioselective inverse-electron-demand Diels-Alder cycloaddition, C-O bond formation to assemble two fragments, and a one-pot retro-[4 + 2]/[4 + 2] cycloaddition cascade. The synthesis is scalable, and more than one gram of natural product was synthesized in one batch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanghao Huang
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay (ICMMO), Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, 15 rue Georges Clémenceau, 91405 Orsay, Cedex, France
| | - Cyrille Kouklovsky
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay (ICMMO), Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, 15 rue Georges Clémenceau, 91405 Orsay, Cedex, France
| | - Aurélien de la Torre
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay (ICMMO), Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, 15 rue Georges Clémenceau, 91405 Orsay, Cedex, France
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28
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Tao H, Abe I. Harnessing Fe(II)/α-ketoglutarate-dependent oxygenases for structural diversification of fungal meroterpenoids. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2022; 77:102763. [PMID: 35878474 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2022.102763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Fungal meroterpenoids are structurally diverse natural products with important biological activities. During their biosynthesis, α-ketoglutarate-dependent oxygenases (αKG-DOs) catalyze a wide range of chemically challenging transformation reactions, including desaturation, epoxidation, oxidative rearrangement, and endoperoxide formation, by selective C-H bond activation, to produce molecules with more complex and divergent structures. Investigations on the structure-function relationships of αKG-DO enzymes have revealed the intimate molecular bases of their catalytic versatility and reaction mechanisms. Notably, the catalytic repertoire of αKG-DOs is further expanded by only subtle changes in their active site and lid-like loop-region architectures. Owing to their remarkable biocatalytic potential, αKG-DOs are ideal candidates for future chemoenzymatic synthesis and enzyme engineering for the generation of terpenoids with diverse structures and biological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Tao
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ikuro Abe
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Collaborative Research Institute for Innovative Microbiology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
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29
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Yang F, Porco JA. Unified, Asymmetric Total Synthesis of the Asnovolins and Related Spiromeroterpenoids: A Fragment Coupling Approach. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:12970-12978. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c05366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Molecular Discovery (BU-CMD), Boston University, 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - John A. Porco
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Molecular Discovery (BU-CMD), Boston University, 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
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30
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Charlton SN, Hayes MA. Oxygenating Biocatalysts for Hydroxyl Functionalisation in Drug Discovery and Development. ChemMedChem 2022; 17:e202200115. [PMID: 35385205 PMCID: PMC9323455 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202200115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
C-H oxyfunctionalisation remains a distinct challenge for synthetic organic chemists. Oxygenases and peroxygenases (grouped here as "oxygenating biocatalysts") catalyse the oxidation of a substrate with molecular oxygen or hydrogen peroxide as oxidant. The application of oxygenating biocatalysts in organic synthesis has dramatically increased over the last decade, producing complex compounds with potential uses in the pharmaceutical industry. This review will focus on hydroxyl functionalisation using oxygenating biocatalysts as a tool for drug discovery and development. Established oxygenating biocatalysts, such as cytochrome P450s and flavin-dependent monooxygenases, have widely been adopted for this purpose, but can suffer from low activity, instability or limited substrate scope. Therefore, emerging oxygenating biocatalysts which offer an alternative will also be covered, as well as considering the ways in which these hydroxylation biotransformations can be applied in drug discovery and development, such as late-stage functionalisation (LSF) and in biocatalytic cascades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sacha N. Charlton
- School of ChemistryUniversity of Bristol, Cantock's CloseBristolBS8 1TSUK
| | - Martin A. Hayes
- Compound Synthesis and ManagementDiscovery SciencesBiopharmaceuticals R&DAstraZenecaGothenburgSweden
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31
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Li F, Deng H, Renata H. Remote B-Ring Oxidation of Sclareol with an Engineered P450 Facilitates Divergent Access to Complex Terpenoids. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:7616-7621. [PMID: 35452234 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c02958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Though chiral pool synthesis is widely accepted as a powerful strategy in complex molecule synthesis, the effectiveness of the approach is intimately linked to the range of available chiral building blocks and the functional groups they possess. To date, there is still a pressing need for new remote functionalization methods that would allow the installation of useful chemical handles on these building blocks to enable a broader spectrum of synthetic manipulations. Herein, we report the engineering of a P450BM3 variant for the regioselective C-H oxidation of sclareol at C6. The synthetic utility of the resulting product was demonstrated in a formal synthesis of ansellone B, the first total synthesis of the 2,3-seco-labdane excolide B, and a model study toward (+)-pallavicinin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuzhuo Li
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Florida, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Heping Deng
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Florida, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Hans Renata
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Florida, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
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32
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Fessner ND, Badenhorst CPS, Bornscheuer UT. Enzyme Kits to Facilitate the Integration of Biocatalysis into Organic Chemistry – First Aid for Synthetic Chemists. ChemCatChem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202200156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nico D. Fessner
- Dept. of Biotechnology & Enzyme Catalysis Institute of Biochemistry University of Greifswald Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 4 17487 Greifswald Germany
| | - Christoffel P. S. Badenhorst
- Dept. of Biotechnology & Enzyme Catalysis Institute of Biochemistry University of Greifswald Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 4 17487 Greifswald Germany
| | - Uwe T. Bornscheuer
- Dept. of Biotechnology & Enzyme Catalysis Institute of Biochemistry University of Greifswald Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 4 17487 Greifswald Germany
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33
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Sasaki M, Iwasaki K, Arai K, Hamada N, Umehara A. Convergent Synthesis of the HIJKLMN-Ring Fragment of Caribbean Ciguatoxin C-CTX-1 by a Late-Stage Reductive Olefin Coupling Approach. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2022. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20220070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Sasaki
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577
| | - Kotaro Iwasaki
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577
| | - Keisuke Arai
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577
| | - Naoya Hamada
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577
| | - Atsushi Umehara
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577
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34
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Mori T, Yu Z, Tao H, Abe I. Rational Engineering of the Nonheme Iron- and 2-Oxoglutarate-Dependent Oxygenase SptF. Org Lett 2022; 24:1737-1741. [PMID: 35194997 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c00409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The Fe- and 2-oxoglutarate-dependent oxygenase SptF is a promising powerful biocatalys with unusual catalytic versatility and promiscuity. The site-specific random substitution of N150, I63, and N65, which are involved in substrate interactions, generated three compounds that were not produced by the SptF wild type. The substrate binding mode was dramatically altered by the introduction of only one or two substitutions. These results provide insights into the engineering of Fe- and 2-oxoglutarate-dependent oxygenases for chemoenzymatic syntheses of bioactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Mori
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Collaborative Research Institute for Innovative Microbiology, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi 1-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Ziheng Yu
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hui Tao
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Ikuro Abe
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Collaborative Research Institute for Innovative Microbiology, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi 1-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
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35
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Chen Q, Yuan G, Yuan T, Zeng H, Zou ZR, Tu ZC, Gao J, Zou Y. Set of Cytochrome P450s Cooperatively Catalyzes the Synthesis of a Highly Oxidized and Rearranged Diterpene-Class Sordarinane Architecture. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:3580-3589. [PMID: 35170947 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c12427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450s are one of the most versatile oxidases that catalyze significant and unique chemical transformations for the construction of complex structural frameworks during natural product biosynthesis. Here, we discovered a set of P450s, including SdnB, SdnH, SdnF, and SdnE, that cooperatively catalyzes the reshaping of the inert cycloaraneosene framework to form a highly oxidized and rearranged sordarinane architecture. Among them, SdnB is confirmed to be the first P450 (or oxidase) that cleaves the C-C bond of the epoxy residue to yield formyl groups in pairs. SdnF selectively oxidizes one generated formyl group to a carboxyl group and accelerates the final Diels-Alder cyclization to furnish the sordarinane architecture. Our work greatly enriches the enzyme functions of the P450 superfamily, supplies the missing skills of the P450 synthetic toolbox, and supports them as biocatalysts in further applications toward the synthesis of new chemical entities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qibin Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, P. R. China
| | - Guanyin Yuan
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China
| | - Tao Yuan
- College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, P. R. China
| | - Huiting Zeng
- College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, P. R. China
| | - Zheng-Rong Zou
- College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, P. R. China
| | - Zong-Cai Tu
- College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, P. R. China
| | - Jie Gao
- College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, P. R. China
| | - Yi Zou
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China
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36
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Peng Y, Gao C, Zhang Z, Wu S, Zhao J, Li A. A Chemoenzymatic Strategy for the Synthesis of Steroid Drugs Enabled by P450 Monooxygenase-Mediated Steroidal Core Modification. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c05776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yaqin Peng
- School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, #368 Youyi Road, Wuhan 430062, P.R. China
| | - Chenghua Gao
- School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, #368 Youyi Road, Wuhan 430062, P.R. China
| | - Zili Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, #368 Youyi Road, Wuhan 430062, P.R. China
| | - Shijie Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, #368 Youyi Road, Wuhan 430062, P.R. China
| | - Jing Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, #368 Youyi Road, Wuhan 430062, P.R. China
| | - Aitao Li
- School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, #368 Youyi Road, Wuhan 430062, P.R. China
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37
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Zhao Y, Hu J, Chen R, Xiong F, Xie H, Ding H. Divergent Total Syntheses of (-)-Crinipellins Facilitated by a HAT-Initiated Dowd-Beckwith Rearrangement. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:2495-2500. [PMID: 35112847 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c13370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
A hydrogen atom transfer (HAT)-initiated Dowd-Beckwith rearrangement reaction was developed, which enables the efficient assembly of diversely functionalized polyquinane frameworks. By incorporation of an iridium-catalyzed regio- and enantioselective hydrogenation and a diastereocontrolled ODI-[5+2] cycloaddition/pinacol rearrangement cascade reaction, the asymmetric total syntheses of eight tetraquinane natural products, including (-)-crinipellins A-F and (-)-dihydrocrinipellins A and B, have been achieved in a concise and divergent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jialei Hu
- Center of Chemistry for Frontier Technologies, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ruyi Chen
- Center of Chemistry for Frontier Technologies, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Fengping Xiong
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Hujun Xie
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Hanfeng Ding
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.,Center of Chemistry for Frontier Technologies, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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38
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Tao H, Mori T, Chen H, Lyu S, Nonoyama A, Lee S, Abe I. Molecular insights into the unusually promiscuous and catalytically versatile Fe(II)/α-ketoglutarate-dependent oxygenase SptF. Nat Commun 2022; 13:95. [PMID: 35013177 PMCID: PMC8748661 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27636-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-heme iron and α-ketoglutarate-dependent (Fe/αKG) oxygenases catalyze various oxidative biotransformations. Due to their catalytic flexibility and high efficiency, Fe/αKG oxygenases have attracted keen attention for their application as biocatalysts. Here, we report the biochemical and structural characterizations of the unusually promiscuous and catalytically versatile Fe/αKG oxygenase SptF, involved in the biosynthesis of fungal meroterpenoid emervaridones. The in vitro analysis revealed that SptF catalyzes several continuous oxidation reactions, including hydroxylation, desaturation, epoxidation, and skeletal rearrangement. SptF exhibits extremely broad substrate specificity toward various meroterpenoids, and efficiently produced unique cyclopropane-ring-fused 5/3/5/5/6/6 and 5/3/6/6/6 scaffolds from terretonins. Moreover, SptF also hydroxylates steroids, including androsterone, testosterone, and progesterone, with different regiospecificities. Crystallographic and structure-based mutagenesis studies of SptF revealed the molecular basis of the enzyme reactions, and suggested that the malleability of the loop region contributes to the remarkable substrate promiscuity. SptF exhibits great potential as a promising biocatalyst for oxidation reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Tao
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Mori
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
- Collaborative Research Institute for Innovative Microbiology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, Japan.
| | - Heping Chen
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shuang Lyu
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Shoukou Lee
- Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma Co., Ltd, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ikuro Abe
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
- Collaborative Research Institute for Innovative Microbiology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
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39
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Huang JC, Sheng L, Zong JF, Zhou YB, Li J, Hou AJ. Enantiomeric pairs of meroterpenoids with 11/5/6 spiro-heterocyclic systems from Hypericum kouytchense. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo01485h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Undescribed enantiomeric pairs of acylphloroglucinol related meroterpenoids with 11/5/6 spiro-heterocyclic systems were isolated from Hypericum kouytchense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Chang Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Li Sheng
- National Center for Drug Screening, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jian-Fa Zong
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yu-Bo Zhou
- National Center for Drug Screening, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jia Li
- National Center for Drug Screening, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Ai-Jun Hou
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
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40
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Li F, Renata H. A Chiral-Pool-Based Strategy to Access trans-syn-Fused Drimane Meroterpenoids: Chemoenzymatic Total Syntheses of Polysin, N-Acetyl-polyveoline and the Chrodrimanins. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:18280-18286. [PMID: 34670085 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c08696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
trans-syn-Fused drimane meroterpenoids are unique natural products that arise from contra-thermodynamic polycyclizations of their polyene precursors. Herein we report the first total syntheses of four trans-syn-fused drimane meroterpenoids, namely polysin, N-acetyl-polyveoline, chrodrimanin C, and verruculide A, in 7-18 steps from sclareolide. The trans-syn-fused drimane unit is accessed through an efficient acid-mediated C9 epimerization of sclareolide. Subsequent applications of enzymatic C-H oxidation and contemporary annulation methodologies install the requisite C3 hydroxyl group and enable rapid generation of structural complexity to provide concise access to these natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuzhuo Li
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Hans Renata
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
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41
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A Promiscuous Bacterial P450: The Unparalleled Diversity of BM3 in Pharmaceutical Metabolism. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111380. [PMID: 34768811 PMCID: PMC8583553 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
CYP102A1 (BM3) is a catalytically self-sufficient flavocytochrome fusion protein isolated from Bacillus megaterium, which displays similar metabolic capabilities to many drug-metabolizing human P450 isoforms. BM3's high catalytic efficiency, ease of production and malleable active site makes the enzyme a desirable tool in the production of small molecule metabolites, especially for compounds that exhibit drug-like chemical properties. The engineering of select key residues within the BM3 active site vastly expands the catalytic repertoire, generating variants which can perform a range of modifications. This provides an attractive alternative route to the production of valuable compounds that are often laborious to synthesize via traditional organic means. Extensive studies have been conducted with the aim of engineering BM3 to expand metabolite production towards a comprehensive range of drug-like compounds, with many key examples found both in the literature and in the wider industrial bioproduction setting of desirable oxy-metabolite production by both wild-type BM3 and related variants. This review covers the past and current research on the engineering of BM3 to produce drug metabolites and highlights its crucial role in the future of biosynthetic pharmaceutical production.
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42
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Ren X, Fasan R. Engineered and Artificial Metalloenzymes for Selective C-H Functionalization. CURRENT OPINION IN GREEN AND SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY 2021; 31:100494. [PMID: 34395950 PMCID: PMC8357270 DOI: 10.1016/j.cogsc.2021.100494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The direct functionalization of C-H bonds constitutes a powerful strategy to construct and diversify organic molecules. However, controlling the chemo- and site-selectivity of this transformation in particularly complex molecular settings represents a significant challenge. Metalloenzymes are ideal platforms for achieving catalyst-controlled selective C-H bond functionalization as their reactivities can be tuned by protein engineering and/or redesign of their cofactor environment. In this review, we highlight recent progress in the development of engineered and artificial metalloenzymes for C-H functionalization, with a focus on biocatalytic strategies for selective C-H oxyfunctionalization and halogenation as well as C-H amination and C-H carbene insertion via abiological nitrene and carbene transfer chemistries. Engineered heme- and non-heme iron dependent enzymes have emerged as promising scaffolds for executing these transformations with high chemo-, regio- and stereocontrol as well as tunable selectivity. These emerging systems and methodologies have expanded the toolbox of sustainable strategies for organic synthesis and created new opportunities for the generation of chiral building blocks, the late-stage C-H functionalization of complex molecules, and the total synthesis of natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinkun Ren
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Hutchison Hall, 120 Trustee Rd, Rochester NY 14627, USA
| | - Rudi Fasan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Hutchison Hall, 120 Trustee Rd, Rochester NY 14627, USA
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43
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Yu K, Yao F, Zeng Q, Xie H, Ding H. Asymmetric Total Syntheses of (+)-Davisinol and (+)-18-Benzoyldavisinol: A HAT-Initiated Transannular Redox Radical Approach. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:10576-10581. [PMID: 34240855 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c05703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The first and asymmetric total syntheses of two C11-oxygenated hetisine-type diterpenoid alkaloids, namely, (+)-davisinol and (+)-18-benzoyldavisinol, is described. The concise synthetic approach features a HAT-initiated transannular redox radical cyclization, an ODI-Diels-Alder cycloaddition, and an acylative kinetic resolution. By incorporating an efficient late-stage assembly of the azabicycle, our strategy would streamline the synthetic design of C20-diterpenoid alkaloids and pave the way for their modular syntheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Fengjie Yao
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Qingrui Zeng
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Hujun Xie
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Hanfeng Ding
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.,State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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44
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Jiang M, Wu Z, Liu L, Chen S. The chemistry and biology of fungal meroterpenoids (2009-2019). Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:1644-1704. [PMID: 33320161 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob02162h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Fungal meroterpenoids are secondary metabolites from mixed terpene-biosynthetic origins. Their intriguing chemical structural diversification and complexity, potential bioactivities, and pharmacological significance make them attractive targets in natural product chemistry, organic synthesis, and biosynthesis. This review provides a systematic overview of the isolation, chemical structural features, biological activities, and fungal biodiversity of 1585 novel meroterpenoids from 79 genera terrestrial and marine-derived fungi including macrofungi, Basidiomycetes, in 441 research papers in 2009-2019. Based on the nonterpenoid starting moiety in their biosynthesis pathway, meroterpenoids were classified into four categories (polyketide-terpenoid, indole-, shikimate-, and miscellaneous-) with polyketide-terpenoids (mainly tetraketide-) and shikimate-terpenoids as the primary source. Basidiomycota produced 37.5% of meroterpenoids, mostly shikimate-terpenoids. The genera of Ganoderma, Penicillium, Aspergillus, and Stachybotrys are the four dominant producers. Moreover, about 56% of meroterpenoids display various pronounced bioactivities, including cytotoxicity, enzyme inhibition, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antifungal activities. It's exciting that several meroterpenoids including antroquinonol and 4-acetyl antroquinonol B were developed into phase II clinically used drugs. We assume that the chemical diversity and therapeutic potential of these fungal meroterpenoids will provide biologists and medicinal chemists with a large promising sustainable treasure-trove for drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghua Jiang
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China. and South China Sea Bio-Resource Exploitation and Utilization Collaborative Innovation Center, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhenger Wu
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Lan Liu
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China. and Southern Laboratory of Ocean Science and Engineering (Guangdong, Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519000, China and South China Sea Bio-Resource Exploitation and Utilization Collaborative Innovation Center, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Senhua Chen
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China. and Southern Laboratory of Ocean Science and Engineering (Guangdong, Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519000, China and South China Sea Bio-Resource Exploitation and Utilization Collaborative Innovation Center, Guangzhou 510006, China
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45
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Renata H. Synthetic utility of oxygenases in site-selective terpenoid functionalization. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 48:6119916. [PMID: 33928356 PMCID: PMC8180501 DOI: 10.1093/jimb/kuab002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Terpenoids are one of the largest classes of natural products whose members possess a wide variety of biological activities. With several exceptions, scalable production of complex terpenoids with either purely biological or chemical methods still remains a major challenge. However, recent efforts to combine the two approaches in chemoenzymatic synthesis hold tremendous promise to address this challenge. Central to this paradigm is the development of useful biocatalytic methods, such as regioselective C–H oxidation, for terpene modifications. This review highlights recent applications of biocatalytic hydroxylation for site-selective modification of terpenoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans Renata
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
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46
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Zhu K, Jiang M, Ye B, Zhang GT, Li W, Tang P, Huang Z, Chen F. A unified strategy to prostaglandins: chemoenzymatic total synthesis of cloprostenol, bimatoprost, PGF 2α, fluprostenol, and travoprost guided by biocatalytic retrosynthesis. Chem Sci 2021; 12:10362-10370. [PMID: 34377422 PMCID: PMC8336452 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc03237b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of efficient and stereoselective synthesis of prostaglandins (PGs) is of utmost importance, owing to their valuable medicinal applications and unique chemical structures. We report here a unified synthesis of PGs cloprostenol, bimatoprost, PGF2α, fluprostenol, and travoprost from the readily available dichloro-containing bicyclic ketone 6a guided by biocatalytic retrosynthesis, in 11-12 steps with 3.8-8.4% overall yields. An unprecedented Baeyer-Villiger monooxygenase (BVMO)-catalyzed stereoselective oxidation of 6a (99% ee), and a ketoreductase (KRED)-catalyzed diastereoselective reduction of enones 12 (87 : 13 to 99 : 1 dr) were utilized in combination for the first time to set the critical stereochemical configurations under mild conditions. Another key transformation was the copper(ii)-catalyzed regioselective p-phenylbenzoylation of the secondary alcohol of diol 10 (9.3 : 1 rr). This study not only provides an alternative route to the highly stereoselective synthesis of PGs, but also showcases the usefulness and great potential of biocatalysis in construction of complex molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kejie Zhu
- Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University 220 Handan Road Shanghai 200433 P. R. China .,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Industrial Asymmetric Catalysis of Chiral Drugs 220 Handan Road Shanghai 200433 P. R. China
| | - Meifen Jiang
- Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University 220 Handan Road Shanghai 200433 P. R. China .,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Industrial Asymmetric Catalysis of Chiral Drugs 220 Handan Road Shanghai 200433 P. R. China
| | - Baijun Ye
- Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University 220 Handan Road Shanghai 200433 P. R. China .,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Industrial Asymmetric Catalysis of Chiral Drugs 220 Handan Road Shanghai 200433 P. R. China
| | - Guo-Tai Zhang
- Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 P. R. China
| | - Weijian Li
- Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 P. R. China
| | - Pei Tang
- Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 P. R. China
| | - Zedu Huang
- Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University 220 Handan Road Shanghai 200433 P. R. China .,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Industrial Asymmetric Catalysis of Chiral Drugs 220 Handan Road Shanghai 200433 P. R. China
| | - Fener Chen
- Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University 220 Handan Road Shanghai 200433 P. R. China .,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Industrial Asymmetric Catalysis of Chiral Drugs 220 Handan Road Shanghai 200433 P. R. China.,Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 P. R. China
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47
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Reddy CR, Patil AD. Iodo- and Chalcogenoannulation of Morita-Baylis-Hillman Alcohols of Propiolaldehydes: Entry to Functionalized 2-Pyrones. Org Lett 2021; 23:4749-4753. [PMID: 34085835 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c01466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
An efficient intramolecular annulation of Morita-Baylis-Hillman (MBH) alcohols of propiolaldehydes is developed in the presence of ICl or PhSeSePh/PhSSPh-CuCl2. This cyclization offers access to a wide variety of iodinated or chalcogenated 3-(chloromethyl)-2-pyrones in good yields. The chloromethyl group of the obtained 2-pyrones has been easily converted to introduce other handy functionalities, which allowed for further transformations to synthesize diverse 2-pyrone containing molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chada Raji Reddy
- Department of Organic Synthesis & Process Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Amol D Patil
- Department of Organic Synthesis & Process Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
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48
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Xin Z, Wang H, He H, Zhao X, Gao S. Asymmetric Total Synthesis of Norzoanthamine. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:12807-12812. [PMID: 33822444 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202102643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
We report herein the asymmetric total synthesis of norzoanthamine using radical reactions as key steps for rapid access to the congested carbocyclic core, which is the major synthetic challenge for most zoanthamine alkaloids. (1) The Ueno-Stork radical cyclization was applied to construct the adjacent quaternary centers at the C-9 and C-22 positions; (2) a Co-catalyzed HAT radical reaction was successfully applied to construct the quaternary center at C-12 via Csp3 -Csp2 bond formation; (3) a Mn-catalyzed HAT radical reaction was used to stereospecifically reduce the tetra-substituted olefin (C13=C18) and install the contiguous stereocenters in proximity to the quaternary center. A one-pot bio-inspired cyclization step was finally applied to forge the unstable bis-amino acetal skeleton. Our approach can precisely control the stereochemistry of seven vicinal stereocenters and effectively construct the highly congested heptacyclic skeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyuan Xin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical, Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical, Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Haibing He
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical, Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Shuanhu Gao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical, Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200062, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200062, China
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49
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Xin Z, Wang H, He H, Zhao X, Gao S. Asymmetric Total Synthesis of Norzoanthamine. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202102643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyuan Xin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical, Processes School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China Normal University 3663 North Zhongshan Road Shanghai 200062 China
| | - Hui Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical, Processes School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China Normal University 3663 North Zhongshan Road Shanghai 200062 China
| | - Haibing He
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development East China Normal University 3663 North Zhongshan Road Shanghai 200062 China
| | - Xiaoli Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical, Processes School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China Normal University 3663 North Zhongshan Road Shanghai 200062 China
| | - Shuanhu Gao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical, Processes School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China Normal University 3663 North Zhongshan Road Shanghai 200062 China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development East China Normal University 3663 North Zhongshan Road Shanghai 200062 China
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50
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Parker PD, Hou X, Dong VM. Reducing Challenges in Organic Synthesis with Stereoselective Hydrogenation and Tandem Catalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:6724-6745. [PMID: 33891819 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c00750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Tandem catalysis enables the rapid construction of complex architectures from simple building blocks. This Perspective shares our interest in combining stereoselective hydrogenation with transformations such as isomerization, oxidation, and epimerization to solve diverse challenges. We highlight the use of tandem hydrogenation for preparing complex natural products from simple prochiral building blocks and present tandem catalysis involving transfer hydrogenation and dynamic kinetic resolution. Finally, we underline recent breakthroughs and opportunities for asymmetric hydrogenation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick D Parker
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Xintong Hou
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Vy M Dong
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
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