1
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Kasuya K, Oketani R, Matsuda S, Sato H, Ishiwari F, Saeki A, Hisaki I. Photo-Responsive Hydrogen-Bonded Molecular Networks Capable of Retaining Crystalline Periodicity after Isomerization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202404700. [PMID: 38577718 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202404700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
The molecular conformation, crystalline morphology, and properties of photochromic organic crystals can be controlled through photoirradiation, making them promising candidates for functional organic materials. However, photochromic porous molecular crystals with a networked framework structure are rare due to the difficulty in maintaining space that allows for photo-induced molecular motion in the crystalline state. This study describes a photo-responsive single crystal based on hydrogen-bonded (H-bonded) network of dihydrodimethylbenzo[e]pyrene derivative 4BDHP. A crystal composed of H-bonded undulate layers, 4BDHP-2, underwent photo-isomerization in the crystalline state due to loose stacking of the layers. Particularly, enantio-pure crystal (S,S)-4BDHP-2 allowed to reveal the structure of the photoisomerized crystal, in which the closed form (4BDHP) and open form (4CPD) were arranged alternately with keeping crystalline periodicity, although side reactions were also implied. The present proof-of-concept system of a photochromic framework that retains crystalline periodicity after photo-isomerization may provide new light-driven porous functional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koki Kasuya
- Division of Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama, 560-8531, Toyonaka, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ryusei Oketani
- Division of Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama, 560-8531, Toyonaka, Osaka, Japan
| | - Souta Matsuda
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, 565-0871, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Sato
- Rigaku Corporation, 3-9-12 Matsubara-cho, Akisima, 196-8666, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fumitaka Ishiwari
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, 565-0871, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Akinori Saeki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, 565-0871, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ichiro Hisaki
- Division of Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama, 560-8531, Toyonaka, Osaka, Japan
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2
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Sheng J, Perego J, Bracco S, Cieciórski P, Danowski W, Comotti A, Feringa BL. Orthogonal Photoswitching in a Porous Organic Framework. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202404878. [PMID: 38530132 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202404878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
The development of photoresponsive systems with non-invasive orthogonal control by distinct wavelengths of light is still in its infancy. In particular, the design of photochemically triggered-orthogonal systems integrated into solid materials that enable multiple dynamic control over their properties remains a longstanding challenge. Here, we report the orthogonal and reversible control of two types of photoswitches in an integrated solid porous framework, that is, visible-light responsive o-fluoroazobenzene and nitro-spiropyran motifs. The properties of the constructed material can be selectively controlled by different wavelengths of light thus generating four distinct states providing a basis for dynamic multifunctional materials. Solid-state NMR spectroscopy demonstrated the selective transformation of the azobenzene switch in the bulk, which in turn modulates N2 and CO2 adsorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyu Sheng
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, Netherlands
- Present address: Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Am Campus 1, 3400, Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Jacopo Perego
- Department of Materials Science, University of Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy, Via R. Cozzi 55, Milan, 20125, Italy
| | - Silvia Bracco
- Department of Materials Science, University of Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy, Via R. Cozzi 55, Milan, 20125, Italy
| | - Piotr Cieciórski
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wojciech Danowski
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, Netherlands
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, ISIS, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Angiolina Comotti
- Department of Materials Science, University of Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy, Via R. Cozzi 55, Milan, 20125, Italy
| | - Ben L Feringa
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, Netherlands
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3
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Zakrzewski J, Liberka M, Wang J, Chorazy S, Ohkoshi SI. Optical Phenomena in Molecule-Based Magnetic Materials. Chem Rev 2024; 124:5930-6050. [PMID: 38687182 PMCID: PMC11082909 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Since the last century, we have witnessed the development of molecular magnetism which deals with magnetic materials based on molecular species, i.e., organic radicals and metal complexes. Among them, the broadest attention was devoted to molecule-based ferro-/ferrimagnets, spin transition materials, including those exploring electron transfer, molecular nanomagnets, such as single-molecule magnets (SMMs), molecular qubits, and stimuli-responsive magnetic materials. Their physical properties open the application horizons in sensors, data storage, spintronics, and quantum computation. It was found that various optical phenomena, such as thermochromism, photoswitching of magnetic and optical characteristics, luminescence, nonlinear optical and chiroptical effects, as well as optical responsivity to external stimuli, can be implemented into molecule-based magnetic materials. Moreover, the fruitful interactions of these optical effects with magnetism in molecule-based materials can provide new physical cross-effects and multifunctionality, enriching the applications in optical, electronic, and magnetic devices. This Review aims to show the scope of optical phenomena generated in molecule-based magnetic materials, including the recent advances in such areas as high-temperature photomagnetism, optical thermometry utilizing SMMs, optical addressability of molecular qubits, magneto-chiral dichroism, and opto-magneto-electric multifunctionality. These findings are discussed in the context of the types of optical phenomena accessible for various classes of molecule-based magnetic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub
J. Zakrzewski
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
- Doctoral
School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Jagiellonian
University, Lojasiewicza
11, 30-348 Krakow, Poland
| | - Michal Liberka
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
- Doctoral
School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Jagiellonian
University, Lojasiewicza
11, 30-348 Krakow, Poland
| | - Junhao Wang
- Department
of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tonnodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
| | - Szymon Chorazy
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Shin-ichi Ohkoshi
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Science, The University
of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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4
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Sheng J, Danowski W, Sardjan AS, Hou J, Crespi S, Ryabchun A, Domínguez MP, Jan Buma W, Browne WR, Feringa BL. Formylation boosts the performance of light-driven overcrowded alkene-derived rotary molecular motors. Nat Chem 2024:10.1038/s41557-024-01521-0. [PMID: 38671301 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-024-01521-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Artificial molecular motors and machines constitute a critical element in the transition from individual molecular motion to the creation of collective dynamic molecular systems and responsive materials. The design of artificial light-driven molecular motors operating with high efficiency and selectivity constitutes an ongoing fundamental challenge. Here we present a highly versatile synthetic approach based on Rieche formylation that boosts the quantum yield of the forward photoisomerization reaction while reaching near-perfect selectivity in the steps involved in the unidirectional rotary cycle and drastically reducing competing photoreactions. This motor is readily accessible in its enantiopure form and operates with nearly quantitative photoconversions. It can easily be functionalized further and outperforms its direct predecessor as a reconfigurable chiral dopant in cholesteric liquid crystal materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyu Sheng
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Wojciech Danowski
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Institute of Supramolecular Science and Engineering (ISIS), Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Strasbourg, France
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Andy S Sardjan
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jiaxin Hou
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Stefano Crespi
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Chemistry, Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Alexander Ryabchun
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Wybren Jan Buma
- Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, FELIX Laboratory, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Wesley R Browne
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ben L Feringa
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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5
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Perego J, Daolio A, Bezuidenhout CX, Piva S, Prando G, Costarella B, Carretta P, Marchiò L, Kubicki D, Sozzani P, Bracco S, Comotti A. Solid State Machinery of Multiple Dynamic Elements in a Metal-Organic Framework. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202317094. [PMID: 38236628 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202317094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Engineering coordinated rotational motion in porous architectures enables the fabrication of molecular machines in solids. A flexible two-fold interpenetrated pillared Metal-Organic Framework precisely organizes fast mobile elements such as bicyclopentane (BCP) (107 Hz regime at 85 K), two distinct pyridyl rotors and E-azo group involved in pedal-like motion. Reciprocal sliding of the two sub-networks, switched by chemical stimuli, modulated the sizes of the channels and finally the overall dynamical machinery. Actually, iodine-vapor adsorption drives a dramatic structural rearrangement, displacing the two distinct subnets in a concerted piston-like motion. Unconventionally, BCP mobility increases, exploring ultra-fast dynamics (107 Hz) at temperatures as low as 44 K, while the pyridyl rotors diverge into a faster and slower dynamical regime by symmetry lowering. Indeed, one pillar ring gained greater rotary freedom as carried by the azo-group in a crank-like motion. A peculiar behavior was stimulated by pressurized CO2, which regulates BCP dynamics upon incremental site occupation. The rotary dynamics is intrinsically coupled to the framework flexibility as demonstrated by complementary experimental evidence (multinuclear solid-state NMR down to very low temperatures, synchrotron radiation XRD, gas sorption) and computational modelling, which helps elucidate the highly sophisticated rotor-structure interplay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacopo Perego
- Department of Materials Science, University of Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Daolio
- Department of Materials Science, University of Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Sergio Piva
- Department of Materials Science, University of Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Giacomo Prando
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli studi di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Benjamin Costarella
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli studi di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- École normale supérieure Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Pietro Carretta
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli studi di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Luciano Marchiò
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale, Università degli studi di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Dominik Kubicki
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Piero Sozzani
- Department of Materials Science, University of Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Bracco
- Department of Materials Science, University of Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Angiolina Comotti
- Department of Materials Science, University of Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy
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6
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Sheng J, Perego J, Bracco S, Czepa W, Danowski W, Krause S, Sozzani P, Ciesielski A, Comotti A, Feringa BL. Construction of Multi-Stimuli Responsive Highly Porous Switchable Frameworks by In Situ Solid-State Generation of Spiropyran Switches. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2305783. [PMID: 37643306 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202305783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Stimuli-responsive molecular systems support within permanently porous materials offer the opportunity to host dynamic functions in multifunctional smart materials. However, the construction of highly porous frameworks featuring external-stimuli responsiveness, for example by light excitation, is still in its infancy. Here a general strategy is presented to construct spiropyran-functionalized highly porous switchable aromatic frameworks by modular and high-precision anchoring of molecular hooks and an innovative in situ solid-state grafting approach. Three spiropyran-grafted frameworks bearing distinct functional groups exhibiting various stimuli-responsiveness are generated by two-step post-solid-state synthesis of a parent indole-based material. The quantitative transformation and preservation of high porosity are demonstrated by spectroscopic and gas adsorption techniques. For the first time, a highly efficient strategy is provided to construct multi-stimuli-responsive, yet structurally robust, spiropyran materials with high pore capacity which is proved essential for the reversible and quantitative isomerization in the bulk as demonstrated by solid-state NMR spectroscopy. The overall strategy allows to construct dynamic materials that undergoes reversible transformation of spiropyran to zwitterionic merocyanine, by chemical and physical stimulation, showing potential for pH active control, responsive gas uptake and release, contaminant removal, and water harvesting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyu Sheng
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands. Nijenborgh 4, Groningen, AG, 9747, The Netherlands
| | - Jacopo Perego
- Department of Materials Science, University of Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy. Via R. Cozzi 55, Milan, 20125, Italy
| | - Silvia Bracco
- Department of Materials Science, University of Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy. Via R. Cozzi 55, Milan, 20125, Italy
| | - Włodzimierz Czepa
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, Poznań, 61614, Poland
- Center for Advanced Technologies, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 10, Poznań, 61614, Poland
| | - Wojciech Danowski
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands. Nijenborgh 4, Groningen, AG, 9747, The Netherlands
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, ISIS, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, Strasbourg, 67000, France
| | - Simon Krause
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands. Nijenborgh 4, Groningen, AG, 9747, The Netherlands
- Nanochemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstr. 1, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Piero Sozzani
- Department of Materials Science, University of Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy. Via R. Cozzi 55, Milan, 20125, Italy
| | - Artur Ciesielski
- Center for Advanced Technologies, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 10, Poznań, 61614, Poland
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, ISIS, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, Strasbourg, 67000, France
| | - Angiolina Comotti
- Department of Materials Science, University of Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy. Via R. Cozzi 55, Milan, 20125, Italy
| | - Ben L Feringa
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands. Nijenborgh 4, Groningen, AG, 9747, The Netherlands
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7
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Teplonogova MA, Yapryntsev AD, Baranchikov AE, Ivanov VK. Cinnamate-Intercalated Layered Yttrium Hydroxide: UV Light-Responsive Switchable Material. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:1791. [PMID: 37763954 PMCID: PMC10534862 DOI: 10.3390/mi14091791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in stimuli-responsive host-guest materials due to the high potential for their application in switchable devices. Light is the most convenient stimulus for operating these materials; a light-responsive guest affects the host structure and the functional characteristics of the entire material. UV-transparent layered rare earth hydroxides intercalated with UV-switchable anions are promising candidates as stimuli-responsive host-guest materials. The interlayer distance in the layered rare earth hydroxides depends on the size of the intercalated anions, which could be changed in situ, e.g., via anion isomerisation. Nevertheless, for layered rare earth hydroxides, the possibility of such changes has not been reported yet. A good candidate anion that is capable of intercalating into the interlayer space is the cinnamate anion, which undergoes UV-assisted irreversible trans-cis isomerisation. In this work, both trans- and cis-cinnamate anions were intercalated in layered yttrium hydroxide (LYH). Upon UV-irradiation, the interlayer distance of trans-cinnamate-intercalated layered yttrium hydroxide suspended in isopropanol changed from 21.9 to 20.6 Å. For the first time, the results obtained demonstrate the possibility of using layered rare earth hydroxides as stimuli-responsive materials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Vladimir K. Ivanov
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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8
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Sheng J, Pooler DRS, Feringa BL. Enlightening dynamic functions in molecular systems by intrinsically chiral light-driven molecular motors. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:5875-5891. [PMID: 37581608 PMCID: PMC10464662 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00247k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
Chirality is a fundamental property which plays a major role in chemistry, physics, biological systems and materials science. Chiroptical artificial molecular motors (AMMs) are a class of molecules which can convert light energy input into mechanical work, and they hold great potential in the transformation from simple molecules to dynamic systems and responsive materials. Taking distinct advantages of the intrinsic chirality in these structures and the unique opportunity to modulate the chirality on demand, chiral AMMs have been designed for the development of light-responsive dynamic processes including switchable asymmetric catalysis, chiral self-assembly, stereoselective recognition, transmission of chirality, control of spin selectivity and biosystems as well as integration of unidirectional motion with specific mechanical functions. This review focuses on the recently developed strategies for chirality-led applications by the class of intrinsically chiral AMMs. Finally, some limitations in current design and challenges associated with recent systems are discussed and perspectives towards promising candidates for responsive and smart molecular systems and future applications are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyu Sheng
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Daisy R S Pooler
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Ben L Feringa
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.
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9
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Singhania A, Kalita S, Chettri P, Ghosh S. Accounts of applied molecular rotors and rotary motors: recent advances. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2023; 5:3177-3208. [PMID: 37325522 PMCID: PMC10262963 DOI: 10.1039/d3na00010a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Molecular machines are nanoscale devices capable of performing mechanical works at molecular level. These systems could be a single molecule or a collection of component molecules that interrelate with one another to produce nanomechanical movements and resulting performances. The design of the components of molecular machine with bioinspired traits results in various nanomechanical motions. Some known molecular machines are rotors, motors, nanocars, gears, elevators, and so on based on their nanomechanical motion. The conversion of these individual nanomechanical motions to collective motions via integration into suitable platforms yields impressive macroscopic output at varied sizes. Instead of limited experimental acquaintances, the researchers demonstrated several applications of molecular machines in chemical transformation, energy conversion, gas/liquid separation, biomedical use, and soft material fabrication. As a result, the development of new molecular machines and their applications has accelerated over the previous two decades. This review highlights the design principles and application scopes of several rotors and rotary motor systems because these machines are used in real applications. This review also offers a systematic and thorough overview of current advancements in rotary motors, providing in-depth knowledge and predicting future problems and goals in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anup Singhania
- Natural Product Chemistry Group, Chemical Sciences & Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science & Technology Jorhat 785006 Assam India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad 201002 India
| | - Sudeshna Kalita
- Natural Product Chemistry Group, Chemical Sciences & Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science & Technology Jorhat 785006 Assam India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad 201002 India
| | - Prerna Chettri
- Natural Product Chemistry Group, Chemical Sciences & Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science & Technology Jorhat 785006 Assam India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad 201002 India
| | - Subrata Ghosh
- Natural Product Chemistry Group, Chemical Sciences & Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science & Technology Jorhat 785006 Assam India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad 201002 India
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10
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Perego J, Bezuidenhout CX, Bracco S, Piva S, Prando G, Aloisi C, Carretta P, Kaleta J, Le TP, Sozzani P, Daolio A, Comotti A. Benchmark Dynamics of Dipolar Molecular Rotors in Fluorinated Metal-Organic Frameworks. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202215893. [PMID: 36469012 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202215893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Fluorinated Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs), comprising a wheel-shaped ligand with geminal rotating fluorine atoms, produced benchmark mobility of correlated dipolar rotors at 2 K, with practically null activation energy (Ea =17 cal mol-1 ). 1 H T1 NMR revealed multiple relaxation phenomena due to the exchange among correlated dipole-rotor configurations. Synchrotron radiation X-ray diffraction at 4 K, Density Functional Theory, Molecular Dynamics and phonon calculations showed the fluid landscape and pointed out a cascade mechanism converting dipole configurations into each other. Gas accessibility, shown by hyperpolarized-Xe NMR, allowed for chemical stimuli intervention: CO2 triggered dipole reorientation, reducing their collective dynamics and stimulating a dipole configuration change in the crystal. Dynamic materials under limited thermal noise and high responsiveness enable the fabrication of molecular machines with low energy dissipation and controllable dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacopo Perego
- Department of Materials Science, University of Milano - Bicocca, Via R. Cozzi 55, 20125, Milan, Italy
| | - Charl X Bezuidenhout
- Department of Materials Science, University of Milano - Bicocca, Via R. Cozzi 55, 20125, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Bracco
- Department of Materials Science, University of Milano - Bicocca, Via R. Cozzi 55, 20125, Milan, Italy
| | - Sergio Piva
- Department of Materials Science, University of Milano - Bicocca, Via R. Cozzi 55, 20125, Milan, Italy
| | - Giacomo Prando
- Department of Physics, University of Pavia, Via Bassi 6, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Cristian Aloisi
- Department of Physics, University of Pavia, Via Bassi 6, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Pietro Carretta
- Department of Physics, University of Pavia, Via Bassi 6, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Jiří Kaleta
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo námĕstí 542/2, 16000, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Thi Phuong Le
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo námĕstí 542/2, 16000, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Piero Sozzani
- Department of Materials Science, University of Milano - Bicocca, Via R. Cozzi 55, 20125, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Daolio
- Department of Materials Science, University of Milano - Bicocca, Via R. Cozzi 55, 20125, Milan, Italy
| | - Angiolina Comotti
- Department of Materials Science, University of Milano - Bicocca, Via R. Cozzi 55, 20125, Milan, Italy
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11
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Arumugam S, Bhattacharya M, Gorantla SMNVT, Mondal KC. Redox Active cAAC-Fluorene/Indene Systems Displaying Solvatochromism, Green Luminescence and pH Sensing: Functionalization of Fluorenyl/Indenyl Rings with Radical Carbene. Chem Asian J 2023; 18:e202201041. [PMID: 36420907 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202201041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Two new series of air stable compounds of cAACX = fluorene/indene (X = Me2 , Et2 , Cy) [cAAC = cyclic (alkyl) amino carbene] have been isolated and well characterized by X-ray single crystal diffraction, photoluminescence, cyclic voltammogram (CV) and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) studies. Fluorescence studies reveals green light emission of cAAC bonded fluorene, whereas free fluorene generally displays a violet emission. Interestingly, the sterically crowded cAAC-fluorene analogue display solvatochromism and CF3 CO2 H sensing in solution. CV of the these compounds show a quasi-reversible electron transfer process, indicating the functionalization of fluorene/indene with radical anionic form of carbene, confirmed by CV/EPR measurements. DFT/TDDFT calculations and energy decomposition analysis coupled with natural orbital for chemical valence (EDA-NOCV) have been carried out to study different aspects of bonding and electronic transitions. Such a class of redox active and thermally stable organic molecules may be suitable for molecule based spin memory devices in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selvakumar Arumugam
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036, India
| | - Madhuri Bhattacharya
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036, India
| | | | - Kartik Chandra Mondal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036, India
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12
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Thaggard GC, Leith GA, Sosnin D, Martin CR, Park KC, McBride MK, Lim J, Yarbrough BJ, Maldeni Kankanamalage BKP, Wilson GR, Hill AR, Smith MD, Garashchuk S, Greytak AB, Aprahamian I, Shustova NB. Confinement-Driven Photophysics in Hydrazone-Based Hierarchical Materials. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202211776. [PMID: 36346406 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202211776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Confinement-imposed photophysics was probed for novel stimuli-responsive hydrazone-based compounds demonstrating a conceptual difference in their behavior within 2D versus 3D porous matrices for the first time. The challenges associated with photoswitch isomerization arising from host interactions with photochromic compounds in 2D scaffolds could be overcome in 3D materials. Solution-like photoisomerization rate constants were realized for sterically demanding hydrazone derivatives in the solid state through their coordinative immobilization in 3D scaffolds. According to steady-state and time-resolved photophysical measurements and theoretical modeling, this approach provides access to hydrazone-based materials with fast photoisomerization kinetics in the solid state. Fast isomerization of integrated hydrazone derivatives allows for probing and tailoring resonance energy transfer (ET) processes as a function of excitation wavelength, providing a novel pathway for ET modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace C Thaggard
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Gabrielle A Leith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Daniil Sosnin
- Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Corey R Martin
- Savannah River National Laboratory, Aiken, SC 29808, USA
| | - Kyoung Chul Park
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Margaret K McBride
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Jaewoong Lim
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Brandon J Yarbrough
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | | | - Gina R Wilson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Austin R Hill
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Mark D Smith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Sophya Garashchuk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Andrew B Greytak
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Ivan Aprahamian
- Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Natalia B Shustova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
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13
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Chan MHY, Yam VWW. Toward the Design and Construction of Supramolecular Functional Molecular Materials Based on Metal–Metal Interactions. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:22805-22825. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c08551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Ho-Yeung Chan
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials, State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Vivian Wing-Wah Yam
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials, State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
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14
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Pfeifer L, Hoang NV, Crespi S, Pshenichnikov MS, Feringa BL. Dual-function artificial molecular motors performing rotation and photoluminescence. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eadd0410. [PMID: 36332022 PMCID: PMC9635830 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.add0410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Molecular machines have caused one of the greatest paradigm shifts in chemistry, and by powering artificial mechanical molecular systems and enabling autonomous motion, they are expected to be at the heart of exciting new technologies. One of the biggest challenges that still needs to be addressed is designing the involved molecules to combine different orthogonally controllable functions. Here, we present a prototype of artificial molecular motors exhibiting the dual function of rotary motion and photoluminescence. Both properties are controlled by light of different wavelengths or by exploiting motors' outstanding two-photon absorption properties using low-intensity near-infrared light. This provides a noninvasive way to both locate and operate these motors in situ, essential for the application of molecular machines in complex (bio)environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Pfeifer
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Nong V. Hoang
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Stefano Crespi
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Maxim S. Pshenichnikov
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Ben L. Feringa
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, Netherlands
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, Netherlands
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15
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Abiola TT, Toldo JM, do Casal MT, Flourat AL, Rioux B, Woolley JM, Murdock D, Allais F, Barbatti M, Stavros VG. Direct structural observation of ultrafast photoisomerization dynamics in sinapate esters. Commun Chem 2022; 5:141. [PMID: 36697608 PMCID: PMC9814104 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-022-00757-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Sinapate esters have been extensively studied for their potential application in 'nature-inspired' photoprotection. There is general consensus that the relaxation mechanism of sinapate esters following photoexcitation with ultraviolet radiation is mediated by geometric isomerization. This has been largely inferred through indirect studies involving transient electronic absorption spectroscopy in conjunction with steady-state spectroscopies. However, to-date, there is no direct experimental evidence tracking the formation of the photoisomer in real-time. Using transient vibrational absorption spectroscopy, we report on the direct structural changes that occur upon photoexcitation, resulting in the photoisomer formation. Our mechanistic analysis predicts that, from the photoprepared ππ* state, internal conversion takes place through a conical intersection (CI) near the geometry of the initial isomer. Our calculations suggest that different CI topographies at relevant points on the seam of intersection may influence the isomerization yield. Altogether, we provide compelling evidence suggesting that a sinapate ester's geometric isomerization can be a more complex dynamical process than originally thought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Temitope T. Abiola
- grid.7372.10000 0000 8809 1613Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL UK
| | - Josene M. Toldo
- grid.462456.70000 0004 4902 8637Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, ICR, Marseille, France
| | - Mariana T. do Casal
- grid.462456.70000 0004 4902 8637Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, ICR, Marseille, France
| | - Amandine L. Flourat
- grid.417885.70000 0001 2185 8223URD Agro-Biotechnologies (ABI), CEBB, AgroParisTech, 51110 Pomacle, France
| | - Benjamin Rioux
- grid.417885.70000 0001 2185 8223URD Agro-Biotechnologies (ABI), CEBB, AgroParisTech, 51110 Pomacle, France
| | - Jack M. Woolley
- grid.7372.10000 0000 8809 1613Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL UK
| | - Daniel Murdock
- grid.7372.10000 0000 8809 1613Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL UK
| | - Florent Allais
- grid.417885.70000 0001 2185 8223URD Agro-Biotechnologies (ABI), CEBB, AgroParisTech, 51110 Pomacle, France
| | - Mario Barbatti
- grid.462456.70000 0004 4902 8637Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, ICR, Marseille, France ,grid.440891.00000 0001 1931 4817Institut Universitaire de France, 75231 Paris, France
| | - Vasilios G. Stavros
- grid.7372.10000 0000 8809 1613Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL UK
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16
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Rogacz K, Brzozowska M, Baś S, Kurpiewska K, Pinkowicz D. Low-Coordinate Erbium(III) Single-Molecule Magnets with Photochromic Behavior. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:16295-16306. [PMID: 36197744 PMCID: PMC9580000 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c01999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The structures and magnetic properties of photoresponsive
magnets
can be controlled or fine-tuned by visible light irradiation, which
makes them appealing as candidates for ternary memory devices: photochromic
and photomagnetic at the same time. One of the strategies for photoresponsive
magnetic systems is the use of photochromic/photoswitchable molecules
coordinated to paramagnetic metal centers to indirectly influence
their magnetic properties. Herein, we present two erbium(III)-based
coordination systems: a trinuclear molecule {[ErIII(BHT)3]3(dtepy)2}.4C5H12 (1) and a 1D coordination chain {[ErIII(BHT)3(azopy)}n·2C5H12 (2), where the bridging photochromic
ligands belong to the class of diarylethenes: 1,2-bis((2-methyl-5-pyridyl)thie-3-yl)perfluorocyclopentene
(dtepy) and 4,4′-azopyridine (azopy), respectively (BHT = 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenolate). Both compounds show slow
dynamics of magnetization, typical for single-molecule magnets (SMMs)
as revealed by alternating current (AC) magnetic susceptibility measurements.
The trinuclear compound 1 also shows an immediate color
change from yellow to dark blue in response to near-UV irradiation.
Such behavior is typical for the photoisomerization of the open form
of the ligand into its closed form. The color change can be reversed
by exposing the closed form to visible light. The chain-like compound 2, on the other hand, does not show significant signs of the
expected trans–cis photoisomerization
of the azopyridine in response to UV irradiation and does not appear
to show photoswitching behavior. Three-coordinate
[ErIII(BHT)3] single
ion magnets undergo ligand addition reaction in pentane to form linear
trinuclear photochromic nanomagnets where both functionalities persist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Rogacz
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387Kraków, Poland
| | - Maria Brzozowska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387Kraków, Poland
| | - Sebastian Baś
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387Kraków, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kurpiewska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387Kraków, Poland
| | - Dawid Pinkowicz
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387Kraków, Poland
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17
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Alimi LO, Fang F, Moosa B, Ding Y, Khashab NM. Vapor‐Triggered Mechanical Actuation in Polymer Composite Films Based on Crystalline Organic Cages. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202212596. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202212596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lukman O. Alimi
- Smart Hybrid Materials (SHMs) Laboratory Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
| | - Fang Fang
- Smart Hybrid Materials (SHMs) Laboratory Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
| | - Basem Moosa
- Smart Hybrid Materials (SHMs) Laboratory Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
| | - Yanjun Ding
- Smart Hybrid Materials (SHMs) Laboratory Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
| | - Niveen M. Khashab
- Smart Hybrid Materials (SHMs) Laboratory Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
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18
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Alimi LO, Fang F, Moosa B, Ding Y, Khashab NM. Vapor‐Triggered Mechanical Actuation in Polymer Composite Films Based on Crystalline Organic Cages. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202212596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lukman O. Alimi
- KAUST: King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Chemistry SAUDI ARABIA
| | - Fang Fang
- KAUST: King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Chemistry SAUDI ARABIA
| | - Basem Moosa
- KAUST: King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Chemistry SAUDI ARABIA
| | - Yanjun Ding
- KAUST: King Abdullah University of Science and Technology chemistry SAUDI ARABIA
| | - Niveen M. Khashab
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology KAUST 4700 King Abdullah University 23955 Thuwal SAUDI ARABIA
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19
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Kolodzeiski E, Amirjalayer S. Dynamic network of intermolecular interactions in metal-organic frameworks functionalized by molecular machines. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabn4426. [PMID: 35776789 PMCID: PMC10883363 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abn4426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Molecular machines enable external control of structural and dynamic phenomena at the atomic level. To efficiently transfer their tunable properties into designated functionalities, a detailed understanding of the impact of molecular embedding is needed. In particular, a comprehensive insight is fundamental to design hierarchical multifunctional systems that are inspired by biological cells. Here, we applied an on-the-fly trained force field to perform atomistic simulations of a systematically modified rotaxane functionalized metal-organic framework. Our atomistic studies reveal a symmetric and asymmetric interplay of the mechanically bonded rings (MBRs) within the framework depending on the local environment. As a result, their translational motion is modulated ranging from fast oscillatory behavior to cooperative and potentially directed shuttling. The derived picture of competitive interactions, which influence the operation mechanism of the MBRs embedded in these soft porous materials, promotes the development of responsive functional materials, which is a key step toward intelligent matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Kolodzeiski
- Physikalisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 10, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Center for Nanotechnology, Heisenbergstraße 11, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Center for Multiscale Theory and Computation, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 10, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Saeed Amirjalayer
- Physikalisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 10, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Center for Nanotechnology, Heisenbergstraße 11, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Center for Multiscale Theory and Computation, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 10, 48149 Münster, Germany
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20
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Perego J, Bezuidenhout CX, Villa I, Cova F, Crapanzano R, Frank I, Pagano F, Kratochwill N, Auffray E, Bracco S, Vedda A, Dujardin C, Sozzani PE, Meinardi F, Comotti A, Monguzzi A. Highly luminescent scintillating hetero-ligand MOF nanocrystals with engineered Stokes shift for photonic applications. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3504. [PMID: 35715391 PMCID: PMC9205964 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31163-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Large Stokes shift fast emitters show a negligible reabsorption of their luminescence, a feature highly desirable for several applications such as fluorescence imaging, solar-light managing, and fabricating sensitive scintillating detectors for medical imaging and high-rate high-energy physics experiments. Here we obtain high efficiency luminescence with significant Stokes shift by exploiting fluorescent conjugated acene building blocks arranged in nanocrystals. Two ligands of equal molecular length and connectivity, yet complementary electronic properties, are co-assembled by zirconium oxy-hydroxy clusters, generating crystalline hetero-ligand metal-organic framework (MOF) nanocrystals. The diffusion of singlet excitons within the MOF and the matching of ligands absorption and emission properties enables an ultrafast activation of the low energy emission in the 100 ps time scale. The hybrid nanocrystals show a fluorescence quantum efficiency of ~60% and a Stokes shift as large as 750 meV (~6000 cm−1), which suppresses the emission reabsorption also in bulk devices. The fabricated prototypal nanocomposite fast scintillator shows benchmark performances which compete with those of some inorganic and organic commercial systems. The development of highly luminescent materials such as large Stokes shift fast emitters is desirable for their potential application in photonics. Here the authors engineer hetero-ligand metal-organic frameworks nanoparticles to achieve high emission yield, large Stokes shift and realize a prototypal fast scintillator.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Perego
- Dipartimento di Scienza dei Materiali, Università degli Studi Milano-Bicocca, via R. Cozzi 55, 20125, Milano, Italy
| | - Charl X Bezuidenhout
- Dipartimento di Scienza dei Materiali, Università degli Studi Milano-Bicocca, via R. Cozzi 55, 20125, Milano, Italy
| | - I Villa
- FZU Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - F Cova
- Dipartimento di Scienza dei Materiali, Università degli Studi Milano-Bicocca, via R. Cozzi 55, 20125, Milano, Italy
| | - R Crapanzano
- Dipartimento di Scienza dei Materiali, Università degli Studi Milano-Bicocca, via R. Cozzi 55, 20125, Milano, Italy
| | - I Frank
- CERN, Geneva, Switzerland.,Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Geschwister-Scholl-Platz 1, Munich, Germany
| | - F Pagano
- CERN, Geneva, Switzerland.,Dipartimento di Fisica "Giuseppe Occhialini", Università degli Studi Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 3, 20126, Milano, Italy
| | - N Kratochwill
- CERN, Geneva, Switzerland.,University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - S Bracco
- Dipartimento di Scienza dei Materiali, Università degli Studi Milano-Bicocca, via R. Cozzi 55, 20125, Milano, Italy
| | - A Vedda
- Dipartimento di Scienza dei Materiali, Università degli Studi Milano-Bicocca, via R. Cozzi 55, 20125, Milano, Italy
| | - C Dujardin
- Institut Lumière Matière, UMR5306 Université Lyon 1-CNRS, Université de Lyon, 69622, Villeurbanne cedex, France
| | - P E Sozzani
- Dipartimento di Scienza dei Materiali, Università degli Studi Milano-Bicocca, via R. Cozzi 55, 20125, Milano, Italy
| | - F Meinardi
- Dipartimento di Scienza dei Materiali, Università degli Studi Milano-Bicocca, via R. Cozzi 55, 20125, Milano, Italy
| | - A Comotti
- Dipartimento di Scienza dei Materiali, Università degli Studi Milano-Bicocca, via R. Cozzi 55, 20125, Milano, Italy.
| | - A Monguzzi
- Dipartimento di Scienza dei Materiali, Università degli Studi Milano-Bicocca, via R. Cozzi 55, 20125, Milano, Italy.
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21
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Controlling forward and backward rotary molecular motion on demand. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2124. [PMID: 35440652 PMCID: PMC9019045 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29820-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Synthetic molecular machines hold tremendous potential to revolutionize chemical and materials sciences. Their autonomous motion controlled by external stimuli allows to develop smart materials whose properties can be adapted on command. For the realisation of more complex molecular machines, it is crucial to design building blocks whose properties can be controlled by multiple orthogonal stimuli. A major challenge is to reversibly switch from forward to backward and again forward light-driven rotary motion using external stimuli. Here we report a push-pull substituted photo-responsive overcrowded alkene whose function can be toggled between that of a unidirectional 2nd generation rotary motor and a molecular switch depending on its protonation and the polarity of its environment. With its simplicity in design, easy preparation, outstanding stability and orthogonal control of distinct forward and backward motions, we believe that the present concept paves the way for creating more advanced molecular machines. Being able to control motion at the molecular level is vital for many future developments in the molecular sciences. Here, the authors report the controlled forward and backward rotation of a molecular motor guided by external stimuli.
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22
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Chen T, Xiao G, Wang Z, Zou J, Wang J, Hu W, Liu YA, Yang H, Wen K. s-Tetrazine-Bridged Photochromic Aromatic Framework Material. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:11276-11284. [PMID: 35415337 PMCID: PMC8992253 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c00278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Integrating fluorescent chromophores in aromatic frameworks could not only prevent aggregation-induced quenching caused by the π-π stacking interaction between the chromophore components but also confer new fluorescence properties. Herein, we report the fabrication of s-tetrazine-bridged aromatic frameworks TzAF by the incorporation of the smallest aromatic fluorophore, s-tetrazine (Tz), into the skeleton of a tetrahedrally connected lattice of aromatic frameworks. The thin films of TzAF coated on silica gel plates were found to exhibit reversible photoswitching fluorescence characteristics under alternate UV and visible-light irradiations with excellent fluorescence stability and high on/off contrast. The repeatable "on/off"fluorescence photoswitchability of the TzAF thin films was mechanistically attributed to light-induced reversible transformation between TzAF's neutral and radical states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Chen
- Shanghai
Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy
of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
- University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guangjun Xiao
- Shanghai
Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy
of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
- School
of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech
University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Zhuo Wang
- Shanghai
Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy
of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
- School
of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech
University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Jian Zou
- Shanghai
Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy
of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
- University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jian Wang
- School
of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech
University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Weibo Hu
- Shanghai
Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy
of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Yahu A. Liu
- Medicinal
Chemistry, ChemBridge Research Laboratories, San Diego, California 92127, United States
| | - Hui Yang
- Shanghai
Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy
of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
- School
of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech
University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Ke Wen
- Shanghai
Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy
of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
- School
of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech
University, Shanghai 201210, China
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23
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Athiyarath V, Madhusudhanan MC, Kunnikuruvan S, Sureshan KM. Secondary Structure Tuning of a Pseudoprotein Between β‐Meander and α‐Helical Forms in the Solid‐State. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202113129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vignesh Athiyarath
- School of Chemistry Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram Kerala 695551 India
| | - Mithun C. Madhusudhanan
- School of Chemistry Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram Kerala 695551 India
| | - Sooraj Kunnikuruvan
- School of Chemistry Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram Kerala 695551 India
| | - Kana M. Sureshan
- School of Chemistry Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram Kerala 695551 India
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24
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Sun N, Wang C, Yu B, Wang H, Barbour LJ, Jiang J. Stimuli-Responsive Porous Molecular Crystal with Reversible Modulation of Porosity. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:1519-1525. [PMID: 34962764 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c18368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Responsive materials have received much attention due to modulated properties under stimuli such as light, heat, and electricity. A photoresponsive porous molecular crystal (1) has been assembled from a racemic dithienylethene-cage (L) by multiple C-F···H-C hydrogen bonds and van der Waals forces according to crystallographic investigation. Electronic absorption spectroscopy reveals reversible photochromic behaviors of the solution and film forms of enantiomeric L upon UV and visible light irradiation due to photoisomerization of dithienylethene units. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), in combination with NMR, discloses the quantitative photoisomerization of photochromic dithienylethene moieties. Moreover, the porosity of 1 is modulated by UV irradiation based on gas sorption data. Interestingly, heating the irradiated sample of 1 in 1,4-dioxane leads to recovered porosity due to the recovered cage molecular structure and maintained periodic frameworks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nana Sun
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials, Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Chiming Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials, Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Baoqiu Yu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials, Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Hailong Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials, Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Leonard J Barbour
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa
| | - Jianzhuang Jiang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials, Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
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25
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De Nicola A, Correa A, Bracco S, Perego J, Sozzani P, Comotti A, Milano G. Collective dynamics of molecular rotors in periodic mesoporous organosilica: a combined solid-state 2H-NMR and molecular dynamics simulation study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:666-673. [PMID: 34904981 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp05013c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Molecular rotors offer a platform to realize controlled dynamics and modulate the functions of solids. The motional mechanisms in arrays of rotors have not been explored in depth. Crystal-like porous organosilicas, comprising p-phenylene rotators pivoted onto a siloxane scaffold, were modelled using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Long simulations, on a microsecond scale, allowed to follow the reorientation statistics of rotor collections and single out group configurations and frequency distributions as a function of temperature. The motions observed in the MD simulations support a multiple-site model for rotor reorientations. Computed motional frequencies revealed a complex rotatory phenomenon combining an ultra-fast libration motion (oscillation up to 30°) with a slow and fast 180° flip reorientation. Adopting a multiple-site model provides a more accurate simulation of the 2H-NMR spectra and a rationalization of their temperature dependence. In particular, rotators endowed with distinct rates could be explained by the presence of slower rings locked in a T-shaped conformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio De Nicola
- Scuola Superiore Meridionale, Largo San Marcellino 10, 80138 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Andrea Correa
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia, Complesso Monte S. Angelo, 80126, Napoli, Italy
| | - Silvia Bracco
- Department of Materials Science, University of Milano - Bicocca, Via R. Cozzi 55, 20125, Milano, Italy.
| | - Jacopo Perego
- Department of Materials Science, University of Milano - Bicocca, Via R. Cozzi 55, 20125, Milano, Italy.
| | - Piero Sozzani
- Department of Materials Science, University of Milano - Bicocca, Via R. Cozzi 55, 20125, Milano, Italy.
| | - Angiolina Comotti
- Department of Materials Science, University of Milano - Bicocca, Via R. Cozzi 55, 20125, Milano, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Milano
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Production Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, Piazzale Tecchio 80, 80125 Naploli, Italy
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26
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Dhamija A, Das CK, Ko YH, Kim Y, Mukhopadhyay RD, Gunnam A, Yu X, Hwang IC, Schäfer LV, Kim K. Remotely controllable supramolecular rotor mounted inside a porphyrinic cage. Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2021.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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27
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Stähler C, Grunenberg L, Terban MW, Browne WR, Doellerer D, Kathan M, Etter M, Lotsch BV, Feringa BL, Krause S. Light-Driven Molecular Motors Embedded in Covalent Organic Frameworks. Chem Sci 2022; 13:8253-8264. [PMID: 35919721 PMCID: PMC9297439 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc02282f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The incorporation of molecular machines into the backbone of porous framework structures will facilitate nano actuation, enhanced molecular transport, and other out-of-equilibrium host-guest phenomena in well-defined 3D solid materials. In...
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Affiliation(s)
- Cosima Stähler
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Rijksuniversiteit Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen Netherlands
| | - Lars Grunenberg
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research Heisenbergstr. 1 70569 Stuttgart Germany
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) Butenandtstr. 5-13 81377 Munich Germany
| | - Maxwell W Terban
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research Heisenbergstr. 1 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Wesley R Browne
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Rijksuniversiteit Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen Netherlands
| | - Daniel Doellerer
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Rijksuniversiteit Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen Netherlands
| | - Michael Kathan
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Rijksuniversiteit Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen Netherlands
| | - Martin Etter
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY) Notkestr. 85 22607 Hamburg Germany
| | - Bettina V Lotsch
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research Heisenbergstr. 1 70569 Stuttgart Germany
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) Butenandtstr. 5-13 81377 Munich Germany
- E-conversion Lichtenbergstrasse 4a 85748 Garching Germany
| | - Ben L Feringa
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Rijksuniversiteit Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen Netherlands
| | - Simon Krause
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research Heisenbergstr. 1 70569 Stuttgart Germany
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28
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Zhou Y, Maisonnenuve S, Casimiro L, Retailleau P, Xie J, Maurel F, Métivier R. Photoisomerization of a 4-dicyanomethylene-2-methyl-6-(p-dimethylaminostyryl)-4H-pyran analog dye: a combined photophysical and theoretical investigation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:6282-6289. [DOI: 10.1039/d1cp05170a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A combination of experimental and theoretical investigations of a photoisomerizable analog of 4-dicyanomethylene-2-methyl-6-(p-dimethylaminostyryl)-4H-pyran (DCM) dye molecule is presented. We provide evidences that the 4 main isomers and conformers of DCM...
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29
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Athiyarath V, Madhusudhanan MC, Kunnikuruvan S, Sureshan KM. Secondary Structure Tuning of a Pseudoprotein Between β-Meander and α-Helical Forms in the Solid-State. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 61:e202113129. [PMID: 34699112 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202113129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Tuning the secondary structure of a protein or polymer in the solid-state is challenging. Here we report the topochemical synthesis of a pseudoprotein and its secondary structure tuning in the solid-state. We designed the dipeptide monomer N3 -Leu-Ala-NH-CH2 -C≡CH (1) for topochemical azide-alkyne cycloaddition (TAAC) polymerization. Dipeptide 1 adopts an anti-parallel β-sheet-like stacked arrangement in its crystals. Upon heating, the dipeptide undergoes quantitative TAAC polymerization in a crystal-to-crystal fashion yielding large polymers. The reaction occurs between the adjacent monomers in the H-bonded anti-parallel stack, yielding pseudoprotein having a β-meander structure. When dissolved in methanol, this pseudoprotein changes its secondary structure from β-meander to α-helical form and it retains the new secondary structure upon desolvation. This work demonstrates a novel paradigm for tuning the secondary structure of a polymer in the solid-state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vignesh Athiyarath
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695551, India
| | - Mithun C Madhusudhanan
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695551, India
| | - Sooraj Kunnikuruvan
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695551, India
| | - Kana M Sureshan
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695551, India
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30
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Kundu A, Chandra S, Mandal D, Neuman NI, Mahata A, Anga S, Rawat H, Pal S, Schulzke C, Sarkar B, Chandrasekhar V, Jana A. Twisted Push-Pull Alkenes Bearing Geminal Cyclicdiamino and Difluoroaryl Substituents. J Org Chem 2021; 86:12683-12692. [PMID: 34473501 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The systematic combination of N-heterocyclic olefins (NHOs) with fluoroarenes resulted in twisted push-pull alkenes. These alkenes carry electron-donating cyclicdiamino substituents and two electron-withdrawing fluoroaryl substituents in the geminal positions. The synthetic method can be extended to a variety of substituted push-pull alkenes by varying the NHO as well as the fluoroarenes. Solid-state molecular structures of these molecules reveal a notable elongation of the central C-C bond and a twisted geometry in the alkene motif. Absorption properties were investigated with UV-vis spectroscopy. The redox properties of the twisted push-pull alkenes were probed with electrochemistry as well as UV-vis/NIR and EPR spectroelectrochemistry, while the electronic structures were computationally evaluated and validated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhinanda Kundu
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad, Gopanpally, Hyderabad 500046, Telangana, India
| | - Shubhadeep Chandra
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Koordinationschemie, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Debdeep Mandal
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad, Gopanpally, Hyderabad 500046, Telangana, India
| | - Nicolás I Neuman
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Koordinationschemie, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany.,Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química, CCT Santa Fe CONICET-UNL, Colectora Ruta Nacional 168, Paraje El Pozo, 3000 Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Alok Mahata
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad, Gopanpally, Hyderabad 500046, Telangana, India
| | - Srinivas Anga
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad, Gopanpally, Hyderabad 500046, Telangana, India
| | - Hemant Rawat
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad, Gopanpally, Hyderabad 500046, Telangana, India
| | - Sudip Pal
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad, Gopanpally, Hyderabad 500046, Telangana, India
| | - Carola Schulzke
- Institut für Biochemie, Universität Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Straße 4, D-17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Biprajit Sarkar
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Koordinationschemie, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | | | - Anukul Jana
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad, Gopanpally, Hyderabad 500046, Telangana, India
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31
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Perego J, Bezuidenhout CX, Bracco S, Prando G, Marchiò L, Negroni M, Carretta P, Sozzani P, Comotti A. Cascade Dynamics of Multiple Molecular Rotors in a MOF: Benchmark Mobility at a Few Kelvins and Dynamics Control by CO 2. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:13082-13090. [PMID: 34388339 PMCID: PMC8413000 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c03801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Achieving
sophisticated juxtaposition of geared molecular rotors
with negligible energy-requirements in solids enables fast yet controllable
and correlated rotary motion to construct switches and motors. Our
endeavor was to realize multiple rotors operating in a MOF architecture
capable of supporting fast motional regimes, even at extremely cold
temperatures. Two distinct ligands, 4,4′-bipyridine (bipy)
and bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanedicarboxylate (BCP), coordinated to Zn clusters
fabricated a pillar-and-layer 3D array of orthogonal rotors. Variable
temperature XRD, 2H solid-echo, and 1H T1 relaxation NMR, collected down to a temperature of 2 K revealed
the hyperfast mobility of BCP and an unprecedented cascade mechanism
modulated by distinct energy barriers starting from values as low
as 100 J mol–1 (24 cal mol–1),
a real benchmark for complex arrays of rotors. These rotors explored
multiple configurations of conrotary and disrotary relationships,
switched on and off by thermal energy, a scenario supported by DFT
modeling. Furthermore, the collective bipy-ring rotation was concerted
with the framework, which underwent controllable swinging between
two arrangements in a dynamical structure. A second way to manipulate
rotors by external stimuli was the use of CO2, which diffused
through the open pores, dramatically changing the global rotation
mechanism. Collectively, the intriguing gymnastics of multiple rotors,
devised cooperatively and integrated into the same framework, gave
the opportunity to engineer hypermobile rotors (107 Hz
at 4 K) in machine-like double ligand MOF crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacopo Perego
- Department of Materials Science, University of Milano - Bicocca, Via R. Cozzi 55, 20125 Milan, Italy
| | - Charl X Bezuidenhout
- Department of Materials Science, University of Milano - Bicocca, Via R. Cozzi 55, 20125 Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Bracco
- Department of Materials Science, University of Milano - Bicocca, Via R. Cozzi 55, 20125 Milan, Italy
| | - Giacomo Prando
- Department of Physics, University of Pavia, Via Bassi 6, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Luciano Marchiò
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/a, 43121 Parma, Italy
| | - Mattia Negroni
- Department of Materials Science, University of Milano - Bicocca, Via R. Cozzi 55, 20125 Milan, Italy
| | - Pietro Carretta
- Department of Physics, University of Pavia, Via Bassi 6, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Piero Sozzani
- Department of Materials Science, University of Milano - Bicocca, Via R. Cozzi 55, 20125 Milan, Italy
| | - Angiolina Comotti
- Department of Materials Science, University of Milano - Bicocca, Via R. Cozzi 55, 20125 Milan, Italy
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32
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Zhou B, Chen Z, Feng S, Wang D, Liu H. Engineering Functionality in Organic Porous Networks by Multicomponent Polymerization. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c00777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bingyan Zhou
- National Engineering Research Center for Colloidal Materials & Key Laboratory of Special Functional Aggregated Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China
| | - Zixu Chen
- National Engineering Research Center for Colloidal Materials & Key Laboratory of Special Functional Aggregated Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China
| | - Shengyu Feng
- National Engineering Research Center for Colloidal Materials & Key Laboratory of Special Functional Aggregated Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Advanced Organosilicon Materials and Technologies & State Key Laboratory of Fluorinated Functional Membrane Materials, Zibo 256401, P. R. China
| | - Dengxu Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Colloidal Materials & Key Laboratory of Special Functional Aggregated Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Advanced Organosilicon Materials and Technologies & State Key Laboratory of Fluorinated Functional Membrane Materials, Zibo 256401, P. R. China
| | - Hongzhi Liu
- National Engineering Research Center for Colloidal Materials & Key Laboratory of Special Functional Aggregated Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China
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33
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Dong J, Wee V, Peh SB, Zhao D. Molecular‐Rotor‐Driven Advanced Porous Materials. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202101646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinqiao Dong
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore 117585 Singapore
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Vanessa Wee
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore 117585 Singapore
| | - Shing Bo Peh
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore 117585 Singapore
| | - Dan Zhao
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore 117585 Singapore
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34
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Blagoeva B, Stoilova A, Dimov D, Yordanov D, Nazarova D, Georgiev A, Antonov L. Tautomeric influence on the photoinduced birefringence of 4-substituted phthalimide 2-hydroxy Schiff bases in PMMA matrix. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2021; 20:687-697. [PMID: 34009634 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-021-00056-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The photoinduced birefringence of two 4-substituted phthalimide 2-hydroxy Schiff bases, containing salicylic (4) and 2-hydroxy-1-naphthyl (5) moieties has been investigated in PMMA matrix. Their optical behaviour as nanocomposite films was revealed by combined use of DFT quantum chemical calculations (in ground and excited state) and experimental optical spectroscopy (UV-Vis and fluorescence). The results have shown that solid-state reversible switching takes place by enol/keto tautomerization and Z/E isomerization. Birefringence study was performed in the PMMA nanocomposite films using pump lasers at λrec = 355 nm and λrec = 442 nm. Fast response time and high stability of anisotropy up to 58% for (4) and 95% for (5) after turning off the excitation laser, was observed, which makes these materials appropriate candidates for cutting-edge optical information technology materials. The possibility for multiple cycles of recording, reading and optical erasure of the photoinduced birefringence at λrec = 442 nm in 5 has been demonstrated. The obtained results have shown that the maximum value of the measured birefringence is close to the anisotropic characteristics of the most frequently used azo materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blaga Blagoeva
- Institute of Optical Materials and Technologies, Bulgarian Academy of Science, Acad. G. Bonchev avenue, bldg. 109, Sofia, 1113, Bulgaria
| | - Ani Stoilova
- Institute of Optical Materials and Technologies, Bulgarian Academy of Science, Acad. G. Bonchev avenue, bldg. 109, Sofia, 1113, Bulgaria
- University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy, 8 St. Kliment Ohridski Avenue, Sofia, 1756, Bulgaria
| | - Deyan Dimov
- Institute of Optical Materials and Technologies, Bulgarian Academy of Science, Acad. G. Bonchev avenue, bldg. 109, Sofia, 1113, Bulgaria
| | - Dancho Yordanov
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Science, Acad. G. Bonchev avenue, bldg. 9, Sofia, 1113, Bulgaria
| | - Dimana Nazarova
- Institute of Optical Materials and Technologies, Bulgarian Academy of Science, Acad. G. Bonchev avenue, bldg. 109, Sofia, 1113, Bulgaria
| | - Anton Georgiev
- Institute of Optical Materials and Technologies, Bulgarian Academy of Science, Acad. G. Bonchev avenue, bldg. 109, Sofia, 1113, Bulgaria.
- University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy, 8 St. Kliment Ohridski Avenue, Sofia, 1756, Bulgaria.
| | - Liudmil Antonov
- Institute of Electronics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1784, Sofia, Bulgaria.
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35
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Wang H, Wang M, Liang X, Yuan J, Yang H, Wang S, Ren Y, Wu H, Pan F, Jiang Z. Organic molecular sieve membranes for chemical separations. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:5468-5516. [PMID: 33687389 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs01347a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Molecular separations that enable selective transport of target molecules from gas and liquid molecular mixtures, such as CO2 capture, olefin/paraffin separations, and organic solvent nanofiltration, represent the most energy sensitive and significant demands. Membranes are favored for molecular separations owing to the advantages of energy efficiency, simplicity, scalability, and small environmental footprint. A number of emerging microporous organic materials have displayed great potential as building blocks of molecular separation membranes, which not only integrate the rigid, engineered pore structures and desirable stability of inorganic molecular sieve membranes, but also exhibit a high degree of freedom to create chemically rich combinations/sequences. To gain a deep insight into the intrinsic connections and characteristics of these microporous organic material-based membranes, in this review, for the first time, we propose the concept of organic molecular sieve membranes (OMSMs) with a focus on the precise construction of membrane structures and efficient intensification of membrane processes. The platform chemistries, designing principles, and assembly methods for the precise construction of OMSMs are elaborated. Conventional mass transport mechanisms are analyzed based on the interactions between OMSMs and penetrate(s). Particularly, the 'STEM' guidelines of OMSMs are highlighted to guide the precise construction of OMSM structures and efficient intensification of OMSM processes. Emerging mass transport mechanisms are elucidated inspired by the phenomena and principles of the mass transport processes in the biological realm. The representative applications of OMSMs in gas and liquid molecular mixture separations are highlighted. The major challenges and brief perspectives for the fundamental science and practical applications of OMSMs are tentatively identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjian Wang
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China. and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Meidi Wang
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China. and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xu Liang
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China. and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Jinqiu Yuan
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China. and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Hao Yang
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China. and Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4 117585, Singapore
| | - Shaoyu Wang
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China. and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yanxiong Ren
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China. and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Hong Wu
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China. and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Fusheng Pan
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China. and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Zhongyi Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China. and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China and Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou 350207, China
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36
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Dong J, Wee V, Peh SB, Zhao D. Molecular-Rotor-Driven Advanced Porous Materials. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:16279-16292. [PMID: 33682981 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202101646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Advanced porous materials (APMs)-such as metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and porous organic polymers (POPs)-have emerged as an exciting research frontier of chemistry and materials science. Given their tunable pore size and extensive diversity, APMs have found widespread applications. In addition, adding dynamic functional groups to porous solids furthers the development of stimuli-responsive materials. By incorporating moving elements-molecular rotors-into the porous frameworks, molecular-rotor-driven advanced porous materials (MR-APMs) can respond reversibly to chemical and physical stimuli, thus imparting dynamic functionalities that have not been found in conventional porous materials. This Minireview discusses exemplary MR-APMs in terms of their design, synthesis, rotor dynamics, and potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinqiao Dong
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117585, Singapore.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Vanessa Wee
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
| | - Shing Bo Peh
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
| | - Dan Zhao
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
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37
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Perego J, Bracco S, Comotti A, Piga D, Bassanetti I, Sozzani P. Anionic Polymerization in Porous Organic Frameworks: A Strategy to Fabricate Anchored Polymers and Copolymers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:6117-6123. [PMID: 33289314 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202014975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
An anionic mechanism is used to create polymers and copolymers as confined to, or anchored to, high-surface-area porous nanoparticles. Linear polymers with soft and glassy chains, such as polyisoprene and polymethylmethacrylate, were produced by confined anionic polymerization in 3D networks of porous aromatic frameworks. Alternatively, multiple anions were generated on the designed frameworks which bear removal protons at selected positions, and initiate chain propagation, resulting in chains covalently connected to the 3D network. Such growth can continue outside the pores to produce polymer-matrix nanoparticles coated with anchored chains. Sequential reactions were promoted by the living character of this anionic propagation, yielding nanoparticles that were covered by a second polymer anchored by anionic block copolymerization. The intimacy of the matrix and the grown-in polymers was demonstrated by magnetization transfer across the interfaces in 2D 1 H-13 C-HETCOR NMR spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacopo Perego
- Department of Materials Science, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via R. Cozzi 55, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Bracco
- Department of Materials Science, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via R. Cozzi 55, Milan, Italy
| | - Angiolina Comotti
- Department of Materials Science, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via R. Cozzi 55, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniele Piga
- Department of Materials Science, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via R. Cozzi 55, Milan, Italy
| | - Irene Bassanetti
- Department of Materials Science, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via R. Cozzi 55, Milan, Italy
| | - Piero Sozzani
- Department of Materials Science, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via R. Cozzi 55, Milan, Italy
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38
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Kolodzeiski E, Amirjalayer S. Collective structural properties of embedded molecular motors in functionalized metal-organic frameworks. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:4728-4735. [PMID: 33598666 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp06263d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Photo-responsive molecular motors incorporated in soft porous materials enable the amplification of the motion of individual motor units by employing their collective and cooperative behavior. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) provide in this regard, due to their structural diversity and modular assembly, a unique matrix to construct well-defined and systematically tunable molecular environments for the embedding of molecular motors. However, despite advances in the development of such photo-responsive functional materials, a thorough understanding of the governing interactions at the atomic scale has been missing so far, limiting the possibility of predicting and fully exploring the potential of these assembled machineries. Here, we present a conformational study to unravel the collective structural behavior and elucidate the impact of motor-motor interactions on the local and global properties of the scaffold. In particular, our work highlights the impact of full conversion of the embedded molecular motors on the overall network topology of the MotorMOF and thus acts as a benchmark for future studies to further explore the correlation of responsive building units with the resulting functionality of these hierarchical systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Kolodzeiski
- Physikalisches Institut Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Willhelm-Klemm-Strasse 10, 48149 Münster, Germany. and Center for Nanotechnology (CeNTech), Center for Multiscale Theory and Computation (CMTC), Heisenbergstrasse 11, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Saeed Amirjalayer
- Physikalisches Institut Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Willhelm-Klemm-Strasse 10, 48149 Münster, Germany. and Center for Nanotechnology (CeNTech), Center for Multiscale Theory and Computation (CMTC), Heisenbergstrasse 11, 48149 Münster, Germany
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39
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Li Z, Wang Y, Baryshnikov G, Shen S, Zhang M, Zou Q, Ågren H, Zhu L. Lighting up solid states using a rubber. Nat Commun 2021; 12:908. [PMID: 33568677 PMCID: PMC7876014 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21253-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
It is crucial and desirable to develop green and high-efficient strategies to regulate solid-state structures and their related material properties. However, relative to solution, it is more difficult to break and generate chemical bonds in solid states. In this work, a rubbing-induced photoluminescence on the solid states of ortho-pyridinil phenol family was achieved. This rubbing response relied on an accurately designed topochemical tautomerism, where a negative charge, exactly provided by the triboelectric effect of a rubber, can induce a proton transfer in a double H-bonded dimeric structure. This process instantaneously led to a bright-form tautomer that can be stabilized in the solid-state settings, leading to an up to over 450-fold increase of the fluorescent quantum yield of the materials. The property can be repeatedly used due to the reversibility of the tautomerism, enabling encrypted applications. Moreover, a further modification to the structure can be accomplished to achieve different properties, opening up more possibilities for the design of new-generation smart materials. Changes in molecular properties due to stimuli response are critically important for the development of new materials. However, most processes are slow or inefficient in the solid state. Here the authors demonstrate property switching in the solid state using a rubbing-induced tautomerism in multiple hydrogen-bonded donor-acceptor couples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanjie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Gleb Baryshnikov
- Division of Theoretical Chemistry and Biology School of Biotechnology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden.,Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Shen Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Man Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Zou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Materials Protection and Advanced Materials in Electric Power, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai, China
| | - Hans Ågren
- Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Liangliang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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40
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Perego J, Bracco S, Comotti A, Piga D, Bassanetti I, Sozzani P. Anionic Polymerization in Porous Organic Frameworks: A Strategy to Fabricate Anchored Polymers and Copolymers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202014975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jacopo Perego
- Department of Materials Science University of Milano—Bicocca Via R. Cozzi 55 Milan Italy
| | - Silvia Bracco
- Department of Materials Science University of Milano—Bicocca Via R. Cozzi 55 Milan Italy
| | - Angiolina Comotti
- Department of Materials Science University of Milano—Bicocca Via R. Cozzi 55 Milan Italy
| | - Daniele Piga
- Department of Materials Science University of Milano—Bicocca Via R. Cozzi 55 Milan Italy
| | - Irene Bassanetti
- Department of Materials Science University of Milano—Bicocca Via R. Cozzi 55 Milan Italy
| | - Piero Sozzani
- Department of Materials Science University of Milano—Bicocca Via R. Cozzi 55 Milan Italy
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41
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Danowski W, van Leeuwen T, Browne WR, Feringa BL. Photoresponsive porous materials. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2021; 3:24-40. [PMID: 36131866 PMCID: PMC9417539 DOI: 10.1039/d0na00647e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Molecular machines, switches, and motors enable control over nanoscale molecular motion with unprecedented precision in artificial systems. Integration of these compounds into robust material scaffolds, in particular nanostructured solids, is a fabrication strategy for smart materials with unique properties that can be controlled with external stimuli. Here, we describe a subclass of these structures, namely light-responsive porous materials metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), covalent-organic frameworks (COFs), and porous aromatic frameworks (PAFs) appended with molecular photoswitches. In this review, we provide an overview of a broad range of light-responsive porous materials focusing on potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Danowski
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 Groningen 9747 AG The Netherlands
| | - Thomas van Leeuwen
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 Groningen 9747 AG The Netherlands
| | - Wesley R Browne
- Molecular Inorganic Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 Groningen 9747 AG The Netherlands
| | - Ben L Feringa
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 Groningen 9747 AG The Netherlands
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Abstract
![]()
In nature, light is harvested by photoactive proteins to drive
a range of biological processes, including photosynthesis, phototaxis,
vision, and ultimately life. Bacteriorhodopsin, for example, is a
protein embedded within archaeal cell membranes that binds the chromophore
retinal within its hydrophobic pocket. Exposure to light triggers
regioselective photoisomerization of the confined retinal, which in
turn initiates a cascade of conformational changes within the protein,
triggering proton flux against the concentration gradient, providing
the microorganisms with the energy to live. We are inspired by these
functions in nature to harness light energy using synthetic photoswitches
under confinement. Like retinal, synthetic photoswitches require some
degree of conformational flexibility to isomerize. In nature, the
conformational change associated with retinal isomerization is accommodated
by the structural flexibility of the opsin host, yet it results in
steric communication between the chromophore and the protein. Similarly,
we strive to design systems wherein isomerization of confined photoswitches
results in steric communication between a photoswitch and its confining
environment. To achieve this aim, a balance must be struck between
molecular crowding and conformational freedom under confinement: too
much crowding prevents switching, whereas too much freedom resembles
switching of isolated molecules in solution, preventing communication. In this Account, we discuss five classes of synthetic light-switchable
compounds—diarylethenes, anthracenes, azobenzenes, spiropyrans,
and donor–acceptor Stenhouse adducts—comparing their
behaviors under confinement and in solution. The environments employed
to confine these photoswitches are diverse, ranging from planar surfaces
to nanosized cavities within coordination cages, nanoporous frameworks,
and nanoparticle aggregates. The trends that emerge are primarily
dependent on the nature of the photoswitch and not on the material
used for confinement. In general, we find that photoswitches requiring
less conformational freedom for switching are, as expected, more straightforward
to isomerize reversibly under confinement. Because these compounds
undergo only small structural changes upon isomerization, however,
switching does not propagate into communication with their environment.
Conversely, photoswitches that require more conformational freedom
are more challenging to switch under confinement but also can influence
system-wide behavior. Although we are primarily interested in
the effects of geometric
constraints on photoswitching under confinement, additional effects
inevitably emerge when a compound is removed from solution and placed
within a new, more crowded environment. For instance, we have found
that compounds that convert to zwitterionic isomers upon light irradiation
often experience stabilization of these forms under confinement. This
effect results from the mutual stabilization of zwitterions that are
brought into close proximity on surfaces or within cavities. Furthermore,
photoswitches can experience preorganization under confinement, influencing
the selectivity and efficiency of their photoreactions. Because intermolecular
interactions arising from confinement cannot be considered independently
from the effects of geometric constraints, we describe all confinement
effects concurrently throughout this Account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela B. Grommet
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Lucia M. Lee
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Rafal Klajn
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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43
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Kolodzeiski E, Amirjalayer S. Elucidating the Impact of Molecular Motors on Their Solvation Environment. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:10879-10888. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c06343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Kolodzeiski
- Physikalisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 10, Münster 48149, Germany
- Center for Nanotechnology, Heisenbergstraße 11, Münster 48149, Germany
- Center for Multiscale Theory and Computation, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 10, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Saeed Amirjalayer
- Physikalisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 10, Münster 48149, Germany
- Center for Nanotechnology, Heisenbergstraße 11, Münster 48149, Germany
- Center for Multiscale Theory and Computation, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 10, Münster 48149, Germany
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44
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Prando G, Perego J, Negroni M, Riccò M, Bracco S, Comotti A, Sozzani P, Carretta P. Molecular Rotors in a Metal-Organic Framework: Muons on a Hyper-Fast Carousel. NANO LETTERS 2020; 20:7613-7618. [PMID: 32870690 PMCID: PMC8011913 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c03140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Using muon-spin spectroscopy, we study the exceptional dynamical properties of rotating molecular struts engineered within a Zn-based metal-organic framework at cryogenic temperatures, where the internal motions of almost any other organic substance are quenched. Muon-spin spectroscopy is particularly suited for this aim, as the experimental evidence suggests several implantation sites for the muons, among which at least one directly onto the rotating moiety. The dynamics of the molecular rotors are characterized by the exceptionally low activation energy EA ∼ 30 cal mol-1. At the same time, we evidence a highly unusual temperature dependence of the dipolar interaction of muons with nuclear magnetic moments on the rotors, suggesting a complex influence of the rotations on the muon implantation and diffusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Prando
- Department
of Physics, University of Pavia, I-27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Jacopo Perego
- Department
of Materials Science, University of Milano
Bicocca, I-20125 Milano, Italy
| | - Mattia Negroni
- Department
of Materials Science, University of Milano
Bicocca, I-20125 Milano, Italy
| | - Mauro Riccò
- Department
of Mathematical, Physical and Information Sciences, University of Parma, I-43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Silvia Bracco
- Department
of Materials Science, University of Milano
Bicocca, I-20125 Milano, Italy
| | - Angiolina Comotti
- Department
of Materials Science, University of Milano
Bicocca, I-20125 Milano, Italy
| | - Piero Sozzani
- Department
of Materials Science, University of Milano
Bicocca, I-20125 Milano, Italy
| | - Pietro Carretta
- Department
of Physics, University of Pavia, I-27100 Pavia, Italy
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45
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Boursalian GB, Nijboer ER, Dorel R, Pfeifer L, Markovitch O, Blokhuis A, Feringa BL. All-Photochemical Rotation of Molecular Motors with a Phosphorus Stereoelement. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:16868-16876. [PMID: 32905701 PMCID: PMC7530895 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c08249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Unidirectional molecular
rotation based on alternating photochemical
and thermal isomerizations of overcrowded alkenes is well established,
but rotary cycles based purely on photochemical isomerizations are
rare. Herein we report three new second-generation molecular motors
featuring a phosphorus center in the lower half, which engenders a
unique element of axial chirality. These motors exhibit unusual behavior,
in that all four diastereomeric states can interconvert solely photochemically.
Kinetic analysis and modeling reveal that the behavior of the new
motors is consistent with all-photochemical unidirectional rotation.
Furthermore, X-ray crystal structures of all four diastereomeric states
of two of these new motors were obtained, which constitute the first
achievements of crystallographic characterization of the full 360°
rotational cycle of overcrowded-alkene-based molecular motors. Finally,
the axial phosphorus stereoelement in the phosphine motor can
be thermally inverted, and this epimerization enables a “shortcut”
of the traditional rotational cycle of these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory B Boursalian
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Eise R Nijboer
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ruth Dorel
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lukas Pfeifer
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Omer Markovitch
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.,Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.,Origins Center, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Alex Blokhuis
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.,Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ben L Feringa
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
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46
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Affiliation(s)
- Jet-Sing M Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Sato
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
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