1
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Kim H, Esser-Kahn AP, Rowan SJ, Jaeger HM. Stress-activated friction in sheared suspensions probed with piezoelectric nanoparticles. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2310088120. [PMID: 38015840 PMCID: PMC10710073 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2310088120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
A hallmark of concentrated suspensions is non-Newtonian behavior, whereby the viscosity increases dramatically once a characteristic shear rate or stress is exceeded. Such strong shear thickening is thought to originate from a network of frictional particle-particle contact forces, which forms under sufficiently large stress, evolves dynamically, and adapts to changing loads. While there is much evidence from simulations for the emergence of this network during shear thickening, experimental confirmation has been difficult. Here, we use suspensions of piezoelectric nanoparticles and exploit the strong local stress focusing within the network to activate charge generation. This charging can then be detected in the measured ac conductance and serve as a signature of frictional contact formation. The direct link between stress-activated frictional particle interactions and piezoelectric suspension response is further demonstrated by tracking the emergence of structural memory in the contact network under oscillatory shear and by showing how stress-activated friction can drive mechano-transduction of chemical reactions with nonlinear reaction kinetics. Taken together, this makes the ac conductance of piezoelectric suspensions a sensitive in-situ reporter of the micromechanics associated with frictional interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hojin Kim
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL60637
- James Franck Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL60637
| | - Aaron P. Esser-Kahn
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL60637
| | - Stuart J. Rowan
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL60637
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL60637
- Chemical and Engineering Sciences Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL60439
| | - Heinrich M. Jaeger
- James Franck Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL60637
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2
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Gauthier A, Ovarlez G, Colin A. Shear thickening in presence of adhesive contact forces: The singularity of cornstarch. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 650:1105-1112. [PMID: 37467639 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS A number of dense particle suspensions experience a dramatic increase in viscosity with the shear stress, up to a solid-like response. This shear-thickening process is understood as a transition under flow of the nature of the contacts - from lubricated to frictional - between initially repellent particles. Most systems are now assumed to fit in with this scenario, which is questionable. EXPERIMENT Using an in-house pressure sensor array, we provide a spatio-temporal map of the normal stresses in the flows of two shear-thickening fluids: a stabilized calcium carbonate suspension, known to fit in with the standard scenario, and a cornstarch suspension, which spectacular thickening behavior remains poorly understood. FINDINGS We evidence in cornstarch a unique, stable heterogeneous structure, which moves in the velocity direction and does not appear in calcium carbonate. Its nature changes from a stress wave to a rolling solid jammed aggregate at high solid fraction and small gap width. The modeling of these heterogenities points to an adhesive force between cornstarch particles at high stress, also evidenced in microscopic measurements. Cornstarch being also attractive at low stress, it stands out of the classical shear-thickening frame, and might be part of a larger family of adhesive and attractive shear-thickening fluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anaïs Gauthier
- MIE - Chemistry, Biology and Innovation (CBI) UMR 8231, ESPCI Paris, CNRS, PSL Research University, 10 rue Vauquelin, Paris, France.
| | | | - Annie Colin
- MIE - Chemistry, Biology and Innovation (CBI) UMR 8231, ESPCI Paris, CNRS, PSL Research University, 10 rue Vauquelin, Paris, France
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3
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Singh A, Saitoh K. Scaling relationships between viscosity and diffusivity in shear-thickening suspensions. SOFT MATTER 2023; 19:6631-6640. [PMID: 37599580 DOI: 10.1039/d3sm00510k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Dense suspensions often exhibit a dramatic response to large external deformation. The recent body of work has related this behavior to transition from an unconstrained lubricated state to a constrained frictional state. Here, we use numerical simulations to study the flow behavior and shear-induced diffusion of frictional non-Brownian spheres in two dimensions under simple shear flow. We first show that both viscosity η and diffusivity D/ of the particles increase under characteristic shear stress, which is associated with lubrication to frictional transition. Subsequently, we propose a one-to-one relationship between viscosity and diffusivity using the length scale ξ associated with the size of collective motions (rigid clusters) of the particles. We demonstrate that η and D/ are controlled by ξ in two distinct flow regimes, i.e. in the frictionless and frictional states, where the one-to-one relationship is described as a crossover from D/ ∼ η (frictionless) to η1/3 (frictional). We also confirm that the proposed power laws are insensitive to the interparticle friction and system size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhinendra Singh
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA.
| | - Kuniyasu Saitoh
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto 603-8555, Japan.
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4
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Lu Y, Kamkar M, Guo S, Niu X, Wan Z, Xu J, Su X, Fan Y, Bai L, Rojas OJ. Super-Macroporous Lightweight Materials Templated from Bicontinuous Intra-Phase Jammed Emulsion Gels Based on Nanochitin. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2300686. [PMID: 37147774 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202300686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Non-equilibrium multiphase systems are formed by mixing two immiscible nanoparticle dispersions, leading to bicontinuous emulsions that template cryogels with interconnected, tortuous channels. Herein, a renewable, rod-like biocolloid (chitin nanocrystals, ChNC) is used to kinetically arrest bicontinuous morphologies. Specifically, it is found that ChNC stabilizes intra-phase jammed bicontinuous systems at an ultra-low particle concentration (as low as 0.6 wt.%), leading to tailorable morphologies. The synergistic effects of ChNC high aspect ratio, intrinsic stiffness, and interparticle interactions produce hydrogelation and, upon drying, lead to open channels bearing dual characteristic sizes, suitably integrated into robust bicontinuous ultra-lightweight solids. Overall, it demonstrates the successful formation of ChNC-jammed bicontinuous emulsions and a facile emulsion templating route to synthesize chitin cryogels that form unique super-macroporous networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Lu
- Bioproducts Institute, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Department of Chemistry and Department of Wood Science, University of British Columbia, 2385 Agronomy Rd & East Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Milad Kamkar
- Bioproducts Institute, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Department of Chemistry and Department of Wood Science, University of British Columbia, 2385 Agronomy Rd & East Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, 200 University Ave W, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Shasha Guo
- Bioproducts Institute, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Department of Chemistry and Department of Wood Science, University of British Columbia, 2385 Agronomy Rd & East Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Xun Niu
- Bioproducts Institute, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Department of Chemistry and Department of Wood Science, University of British Columbia, 2385 Agronomy Rd & East Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Zhangmin Wan
- Bioproducts Institute, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Department of Chemistry and Department of Wood Science, University of British Columbia, 2385 Agronomy Rd & East Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Junhua Xu
- Bioproducts Institute, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Department of Chemistry and Department of Wood Science, University of British Columbia, 2385 Agronomy Rd & East Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, No.159 Longpan Road, 210037, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoya Su
- Bioproducts Institute, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Department of Chemistry and Department of Wood Science, University of British Columbia, 2385 Agronomy Rd & East Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Yimin Fan
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, No.159 Longpan Road, 210037, Nanjing, China
| | - Long Bai
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Material Science and Technology (Ministry of Education), Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Orlando J Rojas
- Bioproducts Institute, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Department of Chemistry and Department of Wood Science, University of British Columbia, 2385 Agronomy Rd & East Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, 02150, Finland
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5
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Liu M, Yang M, Wan X, Tang Z, Jiang L, Wang S. From Nanoscopic to Macroscopic Materials by Stimuli-Responsive Nanoparticle Aggregation. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2208995. [PMID: 36409139 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202208995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Stimuli-responsive nanoparticle (NP) aggregation plays an increasingly important role in regulating NP assembly into microscopic superstructures, macroscopic 2D, and 3D functional materials. Diverse external stimuli are widely used to adjust the aggregation of responsive NPs, such as light, temperature, pH, electric, and magnetic fields. Many unique structures based on responsive NPs are constructed including disordered aggregates, ordered superlattices, structural droplets, colloidosomes, and bulk solids. In this review, the strategies for NP aggregation by external stimuli, and their recent progress ranging from nanoscale aggregates, microscale superstructures to macroscale bulk materials along the length scales as well as their applications are summarized. The future opportunities and challenges for designing functional materials through NP aggregation at different length scales are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingqian Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Man Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Xizi Wan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyong Tang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Lei Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Shutao Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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6
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Chen C, van der Naald M, Singh A, Dolinski ND, Jackson GL, Jaeger HM, Rowan SJ, de Pablo JJ. Leveraging the Polymer Glass Transition to Access Thermally Switchable Shear Jamming Suspensions. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2023; 9:639-647. [PMID: 37122459 PMCID: PMC10141574 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.2c01338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Suspensions of polymeric nano- and microparticles are fascinating stress-responsive material systems that, depending on their composition, can display a diverse range of flow properties under shear, such as drastic thinning, thickening, and even jamming (reversible solidification driven by shear). However, investigations to date have almost exclusively focused on nonresponsive particles, which do not allow in situ tuning of the flow properties. Polymeric materials possess rich phase transitions that can be directly tuned by their chemical structures, which has enabled researchers to engineer versatile adaptive materials that can respond to targeted external stimuli. Reported herein are suspensions of (readily prepared) micrometer-sized polymeric particles with accessible glass transition temperatures (T g) designed to thermally control their non-Newtonian rheology. The underlying mechanical stiffness and interparticle friction between particles change dramatically near T g. Capitalizing on these properties, it is shown that, in contrast to conventional systems, a dramatic and nonmonotonic change in shear thickening occurs as the suspensions transition through the particles' T g. This straightforward strategy enables the in situ turning on (or off) of the system's ability to shear jam by varying the temperature relative to T g and lays the groundwork for other types of stimuli-responsive jamming systems through polymer chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuqiao Chen
- Pritzker
School of Molecular Engineering, University
of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | | | - Abhinendra Singh
- Pritzker
School of Molecular Engineering, University
of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
- James
Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
- Department
of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Neil D. Dolinski
- Pritzker
School of Molecular Engineering, University
of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Grayson L. Jackson
- James
Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Heinrich M. Jaeger
- Department
of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
- James
Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Stuart J. Rowan
- Pritzker
School of Molecular Engineering, University
of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
- Center
for
Molecular Engineering, Argonne National
Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
- E-mail:
| | - Juan J. de Pablo
- Pritzker
School of Molecular Engineering, University
of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
- Center
for
Molecular Engineering, Argonne National
Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
- E-mail:
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7
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Guo F, Xu Z, Gu J. Effects of nano-fumed silica and carbonyl iron powder of different particle sizes on the rheological properties of shear thickening fluids. Colloid Polym Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-023-05087-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2023]
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8
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Liu J, Sheng Z, Zhang M, Li J, Zhang Y, Xu X, Yu S, Cao M, Hou X. Non-Newtonian fluid gating membranes with acoustically responsive and self-protective gas transport control. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2023; 10:899-907. [PMID: 36541214 DOI: 10.1039/d2mh01182d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Control of gas transport through porous media is desired in multifarious processes such as chemical reactions, interface absorption, and medical treatment. Liquid gating technology, based on dynamically adaptive interfaces, has been developed in recent years and has shown excellent control capability in gas manipulation-the reversible opening and closing of a liquid gate for gas transport as the applied pressure changes. Here, we report a new strategy to achieve self-protective gas transport control by regulating the dynamic porous interface in a non-Newtonian fluid gating membrane based on the shear thickening fluid. The gas transport process can be suspended and restored via modulation of the acoustic field, owing to the transition of particle-to-particle interactions in a confined geometry. Our experimental and theoretical results support the stability and tunability of the gas transport control. In addition, relying on the shear thickening behaviour of the gating fluid, the transient response can be achieved to resist high-impact pressure. This strategy could be utilized to design integrated smart materials used in complex and extreme environments such as hazardous and explosive gas transportation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
- Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Zhizhi Sheng
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
- Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Mengchuang Zhang
- Research Institute for Biomimetics and Soft Matter, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Soft Functional Materials Research, College of Physical Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Jianyu Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal H3A 0G4, Canada
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal H3A 0G4, Canada
- Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montreal H3A 0G4, Canada
| | - Yunmao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
| | - Xue Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
| | - Shijie Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
| | - Min Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
| | - Xu Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
- Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Xiamen 361005, China
- Research Institute for Biomimetics and Soft Matter, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Soft Functional Materials Research, College of Physical Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
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9
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Lin Y, Gao X, Yue J, Fang Y, Shi J, Meng L, Clayton C, Zhang XX, Shi F, Deng J, Chen S, Jiang Y, Marin F, Hu J, Tsai HM, Tu Q, Roth EW, Bleher R, Chen X, Griffin P, Cai Z, Prominski A, Odom TW, Tian B. A soil-inspired dynamically responsive chemical system for microbial modulation. Nat Chem 2023; 15:119-128. [PMID: 36280766 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-022-01064-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Interactions between the microbiota and their colonized environments mediate critical pathways from biogeochemical cycles to homeostasis in human health. Here we report a soil-inspired chemical system that consists of nanostructured minerals, starch granules and liquid metals. Fabricated via a bottom-up synthesis, the soil-inspired chemical system can enable chemical redistribution and modulation of microbial communities. We characterize the composite, confirming its structural similarity to the soil, with three-dimensional X-ray fluorescence and ptychographic tomography and electron microscopy imaging. We also demonstrate that post-synthetic modifications formed by laser irradiation led to chemical heterogeneities from the atomic to the macroscopic level. The soil-inspired material possesses chemical, optical and mechanical responsiveness to yield write-erase functions in electrical performance. The composite can also enhance microbial culture/biofilm growth and biofuel production in vitro. Finally, we show that the soil-inspired system enriches gut bacteria diversity, rectifies tetracycline-induced gut microbiome dysbiosis and ameliorates dextran sulfate sodium-induced rodent colitis symptoms within in vivo rodent models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiliang Lin
- The James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Xiang Gao
- The James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jiping Yue
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yin Fang
- The James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jiuyun Shi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Lingyuan Meng
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Xin-Xing Zhang
- The James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,The Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Fengyuan Shi
- Electron Microscopy Core, Research Resources Center, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Junjing Deng
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA
| | - Si Chen
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA
| | - Yi Jiang
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA
| | - Fabricio Marin
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA
| | - Jingtian Hu
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Hsiu-Ming Tsai
- Department of Radiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Qing Tu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Eric W Roth
- NUANCE Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Reiner Bleher
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.,NUANCE Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Xinqi Chen
- NUANCE Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Philip Griffin
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Zhonghou Cai
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA
| | - Aleksander Prominski
- The James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,The Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Teri W Odom
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Bozhi Tian
- The James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA. .,Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA. .,The Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
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10
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C K S, Majumdar S, Sood AK. Shear jamming and fragility in fractal suspensions under confinement. SOFT MATTER 2022; 18:8813-8819. [PMID: 36367113 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm01080a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Under applied stress, the viscosity of many dense particulate suspensions increases drastically, a response known as discontinuous shear-thickening (DST). In some cases, the applied stress can even transform the suspension into a solid-like shear jammed state. Although shear jamming (SJ) has been probed for dense suspensions with particles having well-defined shapes, such a phenomenon for fractal objects has not been explored. Here, using rheology and in situ optical imaging, we study the flow behaviour of ultra-dilute fractal suspensions of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) under confinement. We show a direct transition from flowing to SJ state without a precursory DST in fractal suspensions at an onset volume fraction, ϕ ∼ 0.5%, significantly lower than that of conventional dense suspensions (ϕ ∼ 55%). The ultra-low concentration enables us to demonstrate the fragility and associated contact dynamics of the SJ state, which remain experimentally unexplored in suspensions. Furthermore, using a generalized Wyart-Cates model, we propose a generic phase diagram for fractal suspensions that captures the possibility of SJ without prior DST over a wide range of shear stress and volume fractions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarika C K
- Soft Condensed Matter Group, Raman Research Institute, Bengaluru 560080, India.
| | - Sayantan Majumdar
- Soft Condensed Matter Group, Raman Research Institute, Bengaluru 560080, India.
| | - A K Sood
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560012, India
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11
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Brás AR, Arizaga A, Sokolova D, Agirre U, Viciosa MT, Radulescu A, Prévost SF, Kruteva M, Pyckhout-Hintzen W, Schmidt AM. Influence of Polymer Polarity and Association Strength on the Properties of Poly(alkyl ether)-Based Supramolecular Melts. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c01116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Rita Brás
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Cologne, 50939Cologne, Germany
| | - Ana Arizaga
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Cologne, 50939Cologne, Germany
| | - Daria Sokolova
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Cologne, 50939Cologne, Germany
- Chemistry Department, University of Basel, BPR 1096/4058Basel, Schweiz
| | - Uxue Agirre
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Cologne, 50939Cologne, Germany
| | - Maria Teresa Viciosa
- IN − Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, Avenida Rovisco Pais, 1049-001Lisbon, Portugal
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Complexo I, Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, Avenida Rovisco Pais, 1049-001, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Aurel Radulescu
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science (JCNS-1), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52428Jülich, Germany
| | | | - Margarita Kruteva
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science (JCNS-1), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52428Jülich, Germany
| | - Wim Pyckhout-Hintzen
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science (JCNS-1), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52428Jülich, Germany
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12
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Wang Y, Zhao W, Han M, Xu J, Zhou X, Luu W, Han L, Tam KC. Topographical Design and Thermal-Induced Organization of Interfacial Water Structure to Regulate the Wetting State of Surfaces. JACS AU 2022; 2:1989-2000. [PMID: 36186561 PMCID: PMC9516702 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.2c00273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Smart surfaces with superhydrophobic/superhydrophilic characteristics can be controlled by external stimuli, such as temperature. These transitions are attributed to the molecular-level conformation of the grafted polymer chains due to the varied interactions at the interface. Here, tunable surfaces were prepared by grafting two well-known thermo-responsive polymers, poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) and poly(oligoethylene glycol)methyl ether acrylate (POEGMA188) onto micro-pollen particles of uniform morphology and roughness. Direct Raman spectra and thermodynamic analyses revealed that above the lower critical solution temperature, the bonded and free water at the interface partially transformed to intermediate water that disrupted the "water cage" surrounding the hydrophobic groups. The increased amounts of intermediate water produced hydrogen bonding networks that were less ordered around the polymer grafted microparticles, inducing a weaker binding interaction at the interface and a lower tendency to wet the surface. Combining the roughness factor, the bulk surface assembled by distinct polymer-grafted-pollen microparticles (PNIPAM or POEGMA188) could undergo a different wettability transition for liquid under air, water, and oil. This work identifies new perspectives on the interfacial water structure variation at a multiple length scale, which contributed to the temperature-dependent surface wettability transition. It offers inspiration for the application of thermo-responsive surface to liquid-gated multiphase separation, water purification and harvesting, biomedical devices, and printing.
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13
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Jackson GL, Dennis JM, Dolinski ND, van der Naald M, Kim H, Eom C, Rowan SJ, Jaeger HM. Designing Stress-Adaptive Dense Suspensions Using Dynamic Covalent Chemistry. Macromolecules 2022; 55:6453-6461. [PMID: 35966116 PMCID: PMC9367004 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
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The non-Newtonian behaviors of dense suspensions are
central to
their use in technological and industrial applications and arise from
a network of particle–particle contacts that dynamically adapt
to imposed shear. Reported herein are studies aimed at exploring how
dynamic covalent chemistry between particles and the polymeric solvent
can be used to tailor such stress-adaptive contact networks, leading
to their unusual rheological behaviors. Specifically, a room temperature
dynamic thia-Michael bond is employed to rationally tune the equilibrium
constant (Keq) of the polymeric solvent
to the particle interface. It is demonstrated that low Keq leads to shear thinning, while high Keq produces antithixotropy, a rare phenomenon where the
viscosity increases with shearing time. It is proposed that an increase
in Keq increases the polymer graft density
at the particle surface and that antithixotropy primarily arises from
partial debonding of the polymeric graft/solvent from the particle
surface and the formation of polymer bridges between particles. Thus,
the implementation of dynamic covalent chemistry provides a new molecular
handle with which to tailor the macroscopic rheology of suspensions
by introducing programmable time dependence. These studies open the
door to energy-absorbing materials that not only sense mechanical
inputs and adjust their dissipation as a function of time or shear
rate but also can switch between these two modalities on demand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grayson L. Jackson
- James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, 929 East 57th Street, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Joseph M. Dennis
- Combat Capabilities and Development Command, Army Research Laboratory, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland 21005, United States
| | - Neil D. Dolinski
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, 5640 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Michael van der Naald
- James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, 929 East 57th Street, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
- Department of Physics, University of Chicago, 5720 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Hojin Kim
- James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, 929 East 57th Street, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, 5640 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Christopher Eom
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, 5640 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Stuart J. Rowan
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, 5640 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, 5735 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
- Chemical and Engineering Sciences Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Heinrich M. Jaeger
- James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, 929 East 57th Street, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
- Department of Physics, University of Chicago, 5720 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
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14
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In Situ Observation of Shear-Induced Jamming Front Propagation during Low-Velocity Impact in Polypropylene Glycol/Fumed Silica Shear Thickening Fluids. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14142768. [PMID: 35890543 PMCID: PMC9322945 DOI: 10.3390/polym14142768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Shear jamming, a relatively new type of phase transition from discontinuous shear thickening into a solid-like state driven by shear in dense suspensions, has been shown to originate from frictional interactions between particles. However, not all dense suspensions shear jam. Dense fumed silica colloidal systems have wide applications in the industry of smart materials from body armor to dynamic dampers due to extremely low bulk density and high colloid stability. In this paper, we provide new evidence of shear jamming in polypropylene glycol/fumed silica suspensions using optical in situ speed recording during low-velocity impact and explain how it contributes to impact absorption. Flow rheology confirmed the presence of discontinuous shear thickening at all studied concentrations. Calculations of the flow during impact reveal that front propagation speed is 3–5 times higher than the speed of the impactor rod, which rules out jamming by densification, showing that the cause of the drastic impact absorption is the shear jamming. The main impact absorption begins when the jamming front reaches the boundary, creating a solid-like plug under the rod that confronts its movement. These results provide important insights into the impact absorption mechanism in fumed silica suspensions with a focus on shear jamming.
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15
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Barik S, Majumdar S. Origin of Two Distinct Stress Relaxation Regimes in Shear Jammed Dense Suspensions. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 128:258002. [PMID: 35802438 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.258002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Many dense particulate suspensions show a stress induced transformation from a liquidlike state to a solidlike shear jammed (SJ) state. However, the underlying particle-scale dynamics leading to such striking, reversible transition of the bulk remains unknown. Here, we study transient stress relaxation behaviour of SJ states formed by a well-characterized dense suspension under a step strain perturbation. We observe a strongly nonexponential relaxation that develops a sharp discontinuous stress drop at short time for high enough peak-stress values. High resolution boundary imaging and normal stress measurements confirm that such stress discontinuity originates from the localized plastic events, whereas system spanning dilation controls the slower relaxation process. We also find an intriguing correlation between the nature of transient relaxation and the steady-state shear jamming phase diagram obtained from the Wyart-Cates model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachidananda Barik
- Soft Condensed Matter Group, Raman Research Institute, Bangalore 560080, Karnataka, India
| | - Sayantan Majumdar
- Soft Condensed Matter Group, Raman Research Institute, Bangalore 560080, Karnataka, India
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16
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Liu M, Wan X, Yang M, Wang Z, Bao H, Dai B, Liu H, Wang S. Thermo‐Responsive Jamming of Nanoparticle Dense Suspensions towards Macroscopic Liquid–Solid Switchable Materials. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202114602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mingqian Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Xizi Wan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Man Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Zhao Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Han Bao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Bing Dai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Huan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education School of Chemistry Beihang University Beijing 100191 P. R. China
| | - Shutao Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
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17
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Liu M, Wan X, Yang M, Wang Z, Bao H, Dai B, Liu H, Wang S. Thermo-Responsive Jamming of Nanoparticle Dense Suspensions towards Macroscopic Liquid-Solid Switchable Materials. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 61:e202114602. [PMID: 34807500 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202114602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticle aggregation for constructing functional materials has shown enormous advantages in various applications. Most efforts focused on ordered nanoparticle aggregation for specific functions but were often limited to irreversible aggregation processes due to the thermodynamic equilibrium. Herein, we report a reversible disordered aggregation of SiO2 -PNIPAAm nanoparticles (SPNPs) through thermo-responsive jamming, obtaining smart liquid-solid switchable materials. The smart materials can display a switch between liquid-like state and solid-like state responding to a temperature change. This unique macroscopic behavior originates from the reversible disordered aggregation modulated by temperature-dependent hydrophobic interactions among the SPNPs. Notably, the materials at the solid-like state show anti-impact properties and can withstand the impact of a steel sphere with a speed of 328 cm s-1 . We envision that this finding offers inspiration to design smart liquid-solid switchable materials for impact protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingqian Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Xizi Wan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Man Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Zhao Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Han Bao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Bing Dai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Huan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
| | - Shutao Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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18
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Supramolecular assembly inspired molecular engineering to dynamically tune non-Newtonian fluid:from quasi-static flowability-free to shear thickening. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 607:1805-1812. [PMID: 34600344 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.09.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Shear thickening fluids (STFs) have been the research focus for decades because of the prospect as a damping ingredient. However, their inherent liquid character confines their practical applications. In this work, inspired by the assembly engineering, novel gelatinous shear thickening fluids (GSTFs) are fabricated by integrating low molecular weight gelators (LMWGs) into STFs and investigated by rheological experiments. The results show that the apparent performances of GSTFs are determined by the LMWGs content. LMWGs inside GSTFs can assemble into three-dimensional network that can constraint the flowability of liquid molecular and their content dominate the density and strength of assembly network. At a moderate content, GSTFs exhibit desired properties with restricted quasi-static flowability and almost undamaged dynamic shear thickening character. While a higher content will disappear shear thickening and a lower content cannot gelate STFs. Besides, three different LMWGs are employed to gelate STFs and all they can gelate STFs in spite of the distinct minimum gelation concentration, indicating the universality for GSTFs preparation and the superiority of a reasonable molecular structure of LMWGs. Further, the temperature sweep experiments suggest that GSTFs can endure higher temperature without flowing due to its higher gel-sol transition temperature. Basing on these advanced mechanical properties, we believe that the GSTFs with more expected characters have significance for the study of non-Newtonian fluids and will broaden the special application field of STFs.
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19
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Coquand O, Sperl M. Rheology of granular liquids in extensional flows: Beyond the μ(I)-law. Phys Rev E 2021; 104:014604. [PMID: 34412321 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.104.014604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The Granular Integration Through Transients (GITT) formalism gives a theoretical description of the rheology of moderately dense granular flows and suspensions. In this work, we extend the GITT equations beyond the case of simple shear flows studied before. Applying this to the particular example of extensional flows, we show that the predicted behavior is somewhat different from that of the more frequently studied simple shear case, as illustrated by the possibility of nonmonotonous evolution of the effective friction coefficient μ with the inertial number I. By the reduction of the GITT equations to simple toy models, we provide a generalization of the μ(I)-law true for any type of flow deformation. Our analysis also includes a study of the Trouton ratio, which is shown to behave quite similarly to that of dense colloidal suspensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Coquand
- Institut für Materialphysik im Weltraum, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), 51170 Cologne, Germany
| | - M Sperl
- Institut für Materialphysik im Weltraum, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), 51170 Cologne, Germany.,Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität zu Köln, 50937 Cologne, Germany
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20
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Brás A, Arizaga A, Agirre U, Dorau M, Houston J, Radulescu A, Kruteva M, Pyckhout-Hintzen W, Schmidt AM. Chain-End Effects on Supramolecular Poly(ethylene glycol) Polymers. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:2235. [PMID: 34300992 PMCID: PMC8309292 DOI: 10.3390/polym13142235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work we present a fundamental analysis based on small-angle scattering, linear rheology and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) experiments of the role of different hydrogen bonding (H-bonding) types on the structure and dynamics of chain-end modified poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) in bulk. As such bifunctional PEG with a molar mass below the entanglement mass Me is symmetrically end-functionalized with three different hydrogen bonding (H-bonding) groups: thymine-1-acetic acid (thy), diamino-triazine (dat) and 2-ureido-4[1H]-pyrimidinone (upy). A linear block copolymer structure and a Newtonian-like dynamics is observed for PEG-thy/dat while results for PEG-upy structure and dynamics reveal a sphere and a network-like behavior, respectively. These observations are concomitant with an increase of the Flory-Huggins interaction parameter from PEG-thy/dat to PEG-upy that is used to quantify the difference between the H-bonding types. The upy association into spherical clusters is established by the Percus-Yevick approximation that models the inter-particle structure factor for PEG-upy. Moreover, the viscosity study reveals for PEG-upy a shear thickening behavior interpreted in terms of the free path model and related to the time for PEG-upy to dissociate from the upy clusters, seen as virtual crosslinks of the formed network. Moreover, a second relaxation time of different nature is also obtained from the complex shear modulus measurements of PEG-upy by the inverse of the angular frequency where G' and G'' crosses from the network-like to glass-like transition relaxation time, which is related to the segmental friction of PEG-upy polymeric network strands. In fact, not only do PEG-thy/dat and PEG-upy have different viscoelastic properties, but the relaxation times found for PEG-upy are much slower than the ones for PEG-thy/dat. However, the activation energy related to the association dynamics is very similar for both PEG-thy/dat and PEG-upy. Concerning the segmental dynamics, the glass transition temperature obtained from both rheological and calorimetric analysis is similar and increases for PEG-upy while for PEG-thy/dat is almost independent of association behavior. Our results show how supramolecular PEG properties vary by modifying the H-bonding association type and changing the molecular Flory-Huggins interaction parameter, which can be further explored for possible applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Brás
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Cologne, 50939 Cologne, Germany; (A.A.); (U.A.); (M.D.); (A.M.S.)
| | - Ana Arizaga
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Cologne, 50939 Cologne, Germany; (A.A.); (U.A.); (M.D.); (A.M.S.)
| | - Uxue Agirre
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Cologne, 50939 Cologne, Germany; (A.A.); (U.A.); (M.D.); (A.M.S.)
| | - Marie Dorau
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Cologne, 50939 Cologne, Germany; (A.A.); (U.A.); (M.D.); (A.M.S.)
| | - Judith Houston
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science (JCNS-1) at Heinz Maier Leibnitz-Zentrum (MLZ), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 85748 Garching, Germany; (J.H.); (A.R.)
| | - Aurel Radulescu
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science (JCNS-1) at Heinz Maier Leibnitz-Zentrum (MLZ), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 85748 Garching, Germany; (J.H.); (A.R.)
| | - Margarita Kruteva
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science (JCNS-1), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52428 Jülich, Germany; (M.K.); (W.P.-H.)
| | - Wim Pyckhout-Hintzen
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science (JCNS-1), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52428 Jülich, Germany; (M.K.); (W.P.-H.)
| | - Annette M. Schmidt
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Cologne, 50939 Cologne, Germany; (A.A.); (U.A.); (M.D.); (A.M.S.)
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21
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van der Naald M, Zhao L, Jackson GL, Jaeger HM. The role of solvent molecular weight in shear thickening and shear jamming. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:3144-3152. [PMID: 33600547 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm01350a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The application of stress can drive a dense suspension into a regime of highly non-Newtonian response, characterized by discontinuous shear thickening (DST) and potentially shear jamming (SJ), due to the formation of a frictionally stabilized contact network. Investigating how the molecular weight of the suspending solvent affects the frictional particle-particle interactions, we report on experiments with suspensions of fumed silica particles in polyethylene glycol (PEG). Focusing on the monomer-to-oligomer limit, with n = 1 to 8 ethylene oxide repeat units, we find that increasing n enhances shear thickening under steady-state shear and even elicits rapidly propagating shear jamming fronts, as assessed by high-speed ultrasound imaging of impact experiments. We associate this behavior with a weakening of the solvation layers surrounding the particles as n is increased, which thereby facilitates the formation of frictional contacts. We argue that for n larger than the monomer-to-oligomer limit the trend reverses and frictional interactions are diminished, as observed in prior experiments. This reversal occurs because the polymeric solvent transitions from being enthalpically bound to entropically bound to the particle surfaces, which strengthens solvation layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mike van der Naald
- James Franck Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
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22
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Hsu CP, Mandal J, Ramakrishna SN, Spencer ND, Isa L. Exploring the roles of roughness, friction and adhesion in discontinuous shear thickening by means of thermo-responsive particles. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1477. [PMID: 33674607 PMCID: PMC7935878 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21580-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Dense suspensions of colloidal or granular particles can display pronounced non-Newtonian behaviour, such as discontinuous shear thickening and shear jamming. The essential contribution of particle surface roughness and adhesive forces confirms that stress-activated frictional contacts can play a key role in these phenomena. Here, by employing a system of microparticles coated by responsive polymers, we report experimental evidence that the relative contributions of friction, adhesion, and surface roughness can be tuned in situ as a function of temperature. Modifying temperature during shear therefore allows contact conditions to be regulated, and discontinuous shear thickening to be switched on and off on demand. The macroscopic rheological response follows the dictates of independent single-particle characterization of adhesive and tribological properties, obtained by colloidal-probe atomic force microscopy. Our findings identify additional routes for the design of smart non-Newtonian fluids and open a way to more directly connect experiments to computational models of sheared suspensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiao-Peng Hsu
- Laboratory for Soft Materials and Interfaces, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Laboratory for Surface Science and Technology, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Joydeb Mandal
- Laboratory for Surface Science and Technology, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Nicholas D Spencer
- Laboratory for Surface Science and Technology, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lucio Isa
- Laboratory for Soft Materials and Interfaces, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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23
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Maharjan R, O'Reilly E, Postiglione T, Klimenko N, Brown E. Relation between dilation and stress fluctuations in discontinuous shear thickening suspensions. Phys Rev E 2021; 103:012603. [PMID: 33601534 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.103.012603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We investigate dilation-induced surface deformations in a discontinuous shear thickening (DST) suspension to determine the relationship between dilation and stresses in DST. Video is taken at two observation points on the surface of the suspension in a rheometer while shear and normal stresses are measured. A roughened surface of the suspension is observed as particles poke through the liquid-air interface, an indication of dilation in a suspension. These surface roughening events are found to be intermittent and localized spatially. Shear and normal stresses also fluctuate between high- and low-stress states, and surface roughening is observed frequently in the high-stress state. On the other hand, a complete lack of surface roughening is observed when the stresses remain at low values for several seconds. Surface roughening is most prominent while the stresses grow from the low-stress state to the high-stress state, and the roughened surface tends to span the entire surface by the end of the stress growth period. Surface roughening is found only at stresses and shear rates in and above the shear thickening range. These observed relations between surface roughening and stresses confirm that dilation and stresses are coupled in the high-stress state of DST.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rijan Maharjan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - Ethan O'Reilly
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - Thomas Postiglione
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - Nikita Klimenko
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - Eric Brown
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
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24
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Liard M, Sato A, Sautel J, Lootens D, Hébraud P. Jet instability of a shear-thickening concentrated suspension. THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL. E, SOFT MATTER 2020; 43:69. [PMID: 33190210 DOI: 10.1140/epje/i2020-11994-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the flow of a concentrated suspension of colloidal particles at deformation rates higher than the discontinuous shear-thickening transition shear rate. We show that, under its own weight, a jet of a concentrated enough colloidal suspension, simultaneously flows while it sustains tensile stress and transmits transverse waves. This results in a new flow instability of jets of shear-thickening suspensions: the jet is submitted to rapid transverse oscillations, that we characterize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Liard
- Université de Strasbourg, IPCMS/CNRS UMR 7504, 23 rue du Loess, 67034, Strasbourg, France
- Sika Technology AG, Tuffenwies 16, 8048, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Akihiro Sato
- Université de Strasbourg, IPCMS/CNRS UMR 7504, 23 rue du Loess, 67034, Strasbourg, France
| | - Jérémy Sautel
- Université de Strasbourg, IPCMS/CNRS UMR 7504, 23 rue du Loess, 67034, Strasbourg, France
| | - Didier Lootens
- Sika Technology AG, Tuffenwies 16, 8048, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Pascal Hébraud
- Université de Strasbourg, IPCMS/CNRS UMR 7504, 23 rue du Loess, 67034, Strasbourg, France.
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25
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Singh A, Ness C, Seto R, de Pablo JJ, Jaeger HM. Shear Thickening and Jamming of Dense Suspensions: The "Roll" of Friction. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:248005. [PMID: 32639825 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.248005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Particle-based simulations of discontinuous shear thickening (DST) and shear jamming (SJ) suspensions are used to study the role of stress-activated constraints, with an emphasis on resistance to gearlike rolling. Rolling friction decreases the volume fraction required for DST and SJ, in quantitative agreement with real-life suspensions with adhesive surface chemistries and "rough" particle shapes. It sets a distinct structure of the frictional force network compared to only sliding friction, and from a dynamical perspective leads to an increase in the velocity correlation length, in part responsible for the increased viscosity. The physics of rolling friction is thus a key element in achieving a comprehensive understanding of strongly shear-thickening materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhinendra Singh
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
- James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Christopher Ness
- School of Engineering, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FG, United Kingdom
| | - Ryohei Seto
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Juan J de Pablo
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Heinrich M Jaeger
- James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
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26
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Kajiyama S, Iwase H, Nakayama M, Ichikawa R, Yamaguchi D, Seto H, Kato T. Shear-induced liquid-crystalline phase transition behaviour of colloidal solutions of hydroxyapatite nanorod composites. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:11468-11479. [PMID: 32227008 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr10996j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Liquid-crystalline (LC) bio-inspired materials based on colloidal nanoparticles with anisotropic morphologies such as sheets, plates, rods and fibers were used as functional materials. They show stimuli-responsive behaviour under mechanical force and in electric and magnetic fields. Understanding the effects of external stimuli on the structures of anisotropic colloidal particles is important for the development of highly ordered structures. Recently, we have developed stimuli-responsive hydroxyapatite (HAP)-based colloidal LC nanorods that are environmentally-friendly functional materials. In the present study, the ordering behaviour of HAP nanorod dispersions, which show LC states, has been examined using in situ small-angle neutron scattering and rheological measurements (Rheo-SANS) under shearing force. The structural analyses and dynamic viscosity observations provided detailed information about the effects of shear force on the structural changes of HAP nanorods in D2O dispersion. The present Rheo-SANS measurements unraveled three kinds of main effects of the shear force: the enhancement of interactions between the HAP nanorods, the alignment of HAP nanorods to the shear flow direction, and the formation and disruption of HAP nanorod assemblies. Simultaneous analyses of dynamic viscosity and structural changes revealed that the HAP nanorod dispersions exhibited distinctive rheological properties accompanied by their ordered structural changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Kajiyama
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.
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27
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Abstract
Bioelectric devices can probe fundamental biological dynamics and improve the lives of human beings. However, direct application of traditional rigid electronics onto soft tissues can cause signal transduction and biocompatibility issues. One common mitigation strategy is the use of soft-hard composites to form more biocompatible interfaces with target cells or tissues. Here, we identify several soft-hard composite designs in naturally occurring systems. We use these designs to categorize the existing bioelectric interfaces and to suggest future opportunities. We discuss the utility of soft-hard composites for a variety of interfaces, such as in vitro and in vivo electronic or optoelectronic sensing and genetic and non-genetic modulation. We end the review by proposing new soft-hard composites for future bioelectric studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiliang Lin
- The James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago,
IL 60637, USA
| | - Yin Fang
- The James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago,
IL 60637, USA
| | - Jiping Yue
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
60637, USA
| | - Bozhi Tian
- The James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago,
IL 60637, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
60637, USA
- The Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, University of
Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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28
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Niu R, Ramaswamy M, Ness C, Shetty A, Cohen I. Tunable solidification of cornstarch under impact: How to make someone walking on cornstarch sink. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaay6661. [PMID: 32494699 PMCID: PMC7209985 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aay6661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Hundreds of YouTube videos show people running on cornstarch suspensions demonstrating that dense shear thickening suspensions solidify under impact. Such processes are mimicked by impacting and pulling out a plate from the surface of a thickening cornstarch suspension. Here, using both experiments and simulations, we show that applying fast oscillatory shear transverse to the primary impact or extension directions tunes the degree of solidification. The forces acting on the impacting surface are modified by varying the dimensionless ratio of the orthogonal shear to the compression and extension flow rate. Simulations show varying this parameter changes the number of particle contacts governing solidification. To demonstrate this strategy in an untethered context, we show the sinking speed of a cylinder dropped onto the suspension varies markedly by changing this dimensionless ratio. These results suggest applying orthogonal shear while people are running on cornstarch would de-solidify the suspension and cause them to sink.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Niu
- Department of Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Meera Ramaswamy
- Department of Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Christopher Ness
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0AS, UK
- School of Engineering, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FB, UK
| | - Abhishek Shetty
- Anton Paar USA, 10215 Timber Ridge Drive, Ashland, VA 23005, USA
| | - Itai Cohen
- Department of Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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29
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Mehdipour I, Atahan H, Neithalath N, Bauchy M, Garboczi E, Sant G. How clay particulates affect flow cessation and the coiling stability of yield stress-matched cementing suspensions. SOFT MATTER 2020; 16:3929-3940. [PMID: 32240280 DOI: 10.1039/c9sm02414j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The remarkable increase in the flow resistance of dense suspensions can hinder 3D-printing processes on account of flow cessation in the extruder, and filament fragility/rupture following deposition. Understanding the nature of rheological changes that occur is critical to manipulate flow conditions or to dose flow modifiers for 3D-printing. Therefore, this paper elucidates the influences of clay particulates on controlling flow cessation and the shape stability of dense cementing suspensions that typically feature poor printability. A rope coiling method was implemented with varying stand-off distances to probe the buckling stability and tendency to fracture of dense suspensions that undergo stretching and bending during deposition. The contributions of flocculation and short-term percolation due to the kinetics of structure formation to deformation rate were deconvoluted using a stepped isostress method. It is shown that the shear stress indicates a divergence with a power-law scaling when the particle volume fraction approaches the jamming limit; φ → φj ≈ φmax. Such a power-law divergence of the shear stress decreases by a factor of 10 with increasing clay dosage. Such behavior in clay-containing suspensions arises from a decrease in the relative packing fraction (φ/φmax) and the formation of fractally-architected aggregates with stronger interparticle interactions, whose uniform arrangement controls flow cessation in the extruder and suspension homogeneity, thereby imparting greater buckling stability. The outcomes offer new insights for assessing/improving the extrudability and printability behavior during slurry-based 3D-printing process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iman Mehdipour
- Laboratory for the Chemistry of Construction Materials (LC2), Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - Hakan Atahan
- Laboratory for the Chemistry of Construction Materials (LC2), Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA. and Department of Civil Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Narayanan Neithalath
- School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Mathieu Bauchy
- Laboratory for the Physics of Amorphous and Inorganic Solids (PARISlab), Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA and Institute for Carbon Management (ICM), University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Edward Garboczi
- Applied Chemicals and Materials Division, Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO 80305, USA
| | - Gaurav Sant
- Laboratory for the Chemistry of Construction Materials (LC2), Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA. and Institute for Carbon Management (ICM), University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA and California Nanosystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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30
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Dhar S, Chattopadhyay S, Majumdar S. Signature of jamming under steady shear in dense particulate suspensions. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2020; 32:124002. [PMID: 31770741 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ab5bd2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Under an increasing applied shear stress ([Formula: see text]), the viscosity of many dense particulate suspensions increases drastically beyond a stress onset ([Formula: see text]), a phenomenon known as discontinuous shear-thickening. Recent studies point out that some suspensions can transform into a stress induced solid-like shear jammed (SJ) state at high particle volume fraction ([Formula: see text]). SJ state develops a finite yield stress and hence is distinct from a shear-thickened state. Here, we study the steady state shear-thickening behaviour of dense suspensions formed by dispersing colloidal polystyrene particles (PS) in polyethylene glycol (PEG). We find that for small [Formula: see text] values the viscosity of the suspensions as a function of [Formula: see text] can be well described by Krieger-Dougherty (KD) relation. However, for higher values of [Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text] [Formula: see text]), KD relation systematically overestimates the measured viscosity, particularly for higher [Formula: see text] values. This systematic deviation can be rationalized by the weakening of the sample due to flow induced failures of the solid-like SJ state. Using Wyart-Cates model, we propose a method to predict the SJ onset from the steady state rheology measurements. Our results are further supported by in situ optical imaging of the sample boundary under shear.
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31
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Hao X, Yang K, Wang H, Peng F, Yang H. Biocatalytic Feedback‐Controlled Non‐Newtonian Fluids. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201914398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Hao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic ChemistryBeijing Forestry University Beijing 100083 China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular DesignBeijing Forestry University Beijing 100083 China
| | - Kaixiang Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter ChemistryChinese Academy of ScienceDepartment of Polymer Science and EngineeringUniversity of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230026 China
| | - Hairong Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic ChemistryBeijing Forestry University Beijing 100083 China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular DesignBeijing Forestry University Beijing 100083 China
| | - Feng Peng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic ChemistryBeijing Forestry University Beijing 100083 China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular DesignBeijing Forestry University Beijing 100083 China
| | - Haiyang Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter ChemistryChinese Academy of ScienceDepartment of Polymer Science and EngineeringUniversity of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230026 China
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32
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Hao X, Yang K, Wang H, Peng F, Yang H. Biocatalytic Feedback-Controlled Non-Newtonian Fluids. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:4314-4319. [PMID: 31876353 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201914398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Non-Newtonian fluids are ubiquitous in daily life and industrial applications. Herein, we report an intelligent fluidic system integrating two distinct non-Newtonian rheological properties mediated by an autocatalytic enzyme reaction. Associative polyelectrolytes bearing a small amount of ionic and alkyl groups are engineered: by carefully balancing the charge density and the hydrophobic effect, the polymer solutions demonstrate a unique shear thickening property at low pH while shear thinning at high pH. The urea-urease clock reaction is utilized to program a feedback-induced pH change, leading to a strong upturn of the nonlinear viscoelastic properties. As long as the chemical fuel is supplied, two distinct non-Newtonian states can be achieved with a tunable lifetime span. As a proof of concept, we demonstrate how the physical energy-driven nonequilibrium properties can be manipulated by a chemical-fueled process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Hao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Kaixiang Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Hairong Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Feng Peng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Haiyang Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
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33
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Lee JY, Choi KH, Hwang J, Sung M, Kim JE, Park BJ, Kim JW. Janus amphiphilic nanoplatelets as smart colloid surfactants with complementary face-to-face interactions. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:6031-6034. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc02231d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new type of colloidal surfactant that not only has a nanoscale platelet geometry, but can also induce complementary face-to-face interactions among Pickering emulsion droplets is introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Yong Lee
- Department of Bionano Technology, Hanyang University
- Ansan
- Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu Hwan Choi
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Kyung Hee University
- Yongin
- Republic of Korea
| | - Jaemin Hwang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University
- Suwon
- Republic of Korea
| | - Minchul Sung
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University
- Suwon
- Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Eun Kim
- Department of Bionano Technology, Hanyang University
- Ansan
- Republic of Korea
| | - Bum Jun Park
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Kyung Hee University
- Yongin
- Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Woong Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University
- Suwon
- Republic of Korea
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34
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Han E, James NM, Jaeger HM. Stress Controlled Rheology of Dense Suspensions Using Transient Flows. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:248002. [PMID: 31922854 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.248002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Dense suspensions of hard particles in a Newtonian liquid can be jammed by shear when the applied stress exceeds a certain threshold. However, this jamming transition from a fluid into a solidified state cannot be probed with conventional steady-state rheology because the stress distribution inside the material cannot be controlled with sufficient precision. Here we introduce and validate a method that overcomes this obstacle. Rapidly propagating shear fronts are generated and used to establish well-controlled local stress conditions that sweep across the material. Exploiting such transient flows, we can track how a dense suspension approaches its shear-jammed state dynamically and quantitatively map out the onset stress for solidification in a state diagram.
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Affiliation(s)
- Endao Han
- James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
- Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Nicole M James
- James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Heinrich M Jaeger
- James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
- Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
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35
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Baumgarten AS, Kamrin K. A general constitutive model for dense, fine-particle suspensions validated in many geometries. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:20828-20836. [PMID: 31562198 PMCID: PMC6800318 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1908065116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Fine-particle suspensions (such as cornstarch mixed with water) exhibit dramatic changes in viscosity when sheared, producing fascinating behaviors that captivate children and rheologists alike. Examination of these mixtures in simple flow geometries suggests intergranular repulsion and its influence on the frictional nature of granular contacts is central to this effect-for mixtures at rest or shearing slowly, repulsion prevents frictional contacts from forming between particles, whereas when sheared more forcefully, granular stresses overcome the repulsion allowing particles to interact frictionally and form microscopic structures that resist flow. Previous constitutive studies of these mixtures have focused on particular cases, typically limited to 2D, steady, simple shearing flows. In this work, we introduce a predictive and general, 3D continuum model for this material, using mixture theory to couple the fluid and particle phases. Playing a central role in the model, we introduce a microstructural state variable, whose evolution is deduced from small-scale physical arguments and checked with existing data. Our space- and time-dependent model is implemented numerically in a variety of unsteady, nonuniform flow configurations where it is shown to accurately capture a variety of key behaviors: 1) the continuous shear-thickening (CST) and discontinuous shear-thickening (DST) behavior observed in steady flows, 2) the time-dependent propagation of "shear jamming fronts," 3) the time-dependent propagation of "impact-activated jamming fronts," and 4) the non-Newtonian, "running on oobleck" effect, wherein fast locomotors stay afloat while slow ones sink.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron S Baumgarten
- Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Ken Kamrin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
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36
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Zhao Y, Barés J, Zheng H, Socolar JES, Behringer RP. Shear-Jammed, Fragile, and Steady States in Homogeneously Strained Granular Materials. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:158001. [PMID: 31702280 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.158001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We study the jamming phase diagram of sheared granular material using a novel Couette shear setup with a multiring bottom. The setup uses small basal friction forces to apply a volume-conserving linear shear with no shear band to a granular system composed of frictional photoelastic discs. The setup can generate arbitrarily large shear strain due to its circular geometry, and the shear direction can be reversed, allowing us to measure a feature that distinguishes shear-jammed from fragile states. We report systematic measurements of the stress, strain, and contact network structure at phase boundaries that have been difficult to access by traditional experimental techniques, including the yield stress curve and the jamming curve close to ϕ_{SJ}≈0.75, the smallest packing fraction supporting a shear-jammed state. We observe fragile states created under large shear strain over a range of ϕ<ϕ_{SJ}. We also find a transition in the character of the quasistatic steady flow centered around ϕ_{SJ} on the yield curve as a function of packing fraction. Near ϕ_{SJ}, the average contact number, fabric anisotropy, and nonrattler fraction all show a change of slope. Above ϕ_{F}≈0.7 the steady flow shows measurable deviations from the basal linear shear profile, and above ϕ_{b}≈0.78 the flow is localized in a shear band.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqiu Zhao
- Department of Physics & Center for Nonlinear and Complex Systems, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - Jonathan Barés
- Department of Physics & Center for Nonlinear and Complex Systems, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
- Laboratoire de Mécanique et Génie Civil, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, 34090, France
| | - Hu Zheng
- Department of Physics & Center for Nonlinear and Complex Systems, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
- Department of Geotechnical Engineering, College of Civil Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
- School of Earth Science and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211100, China
| | - Joshua E S Socolar
- Department of Physics & Center for Nonlinear and Complex Systems, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - Robert P Behringer
- Department of Physics & Center for Nonlinear and Complex Systems, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
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37
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Experimental synthesis and characterization of rough particles for colloidal and granular rheology. Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cocis.2019.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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38
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Sehgal P, Ramaswamy M, Cohen I, Kirby BJ. Using Acoustic Perturbations to Dynamically Tune Shear Thickening in Colloidal Suspensions. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:128001. [PMID: 31633960 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.128001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal suspensions in industrial processes often exhibit shear thickening that is difficult to control actively. Here, we use piezoelectric transducers to apply acoustic perturbations to dynamically tune the suspension viscosity in the shear-thickening regime. We attribute the mechanism of dethickening to the disruption of shear-induced force chains via perturbations that are large relative to the particle roughness scale. The ease with which this technique can be adapted to various flow geometries makes it a powerful tool for actively controlling suspension flow properties and investigating system dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prateek Sehgal
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Meera Ramaswamy
- Department of Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Itai Cohen
- Department of Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Brian J Kirby
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Weill-Cornell Medicine, New York, New York 10021,USA
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39
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Richards JA, Royer JR, Liebchen B, Guy BM, Poon WCK. Competing Timescales Lead to Oscillations in Shear-Thickening Suspensions. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:038004. [PMID: 31386471 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.038004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Competing timescales generate novelty. Here, we show that a coupling between the timescales imposed by instrument inertia and the formation of interparticle frictional contacts in shear-thickening suspensions leads to highly asymmetric shear-rate oscillations. Experiments tuning the presence of oscillations by varying the two timescales support our model. The observed oscillations give access to a shear-jamming portion of the flow curve that is forbidden in conventional rheometry. Moreover, the oscillation frequency allows us to quantify an intrinsic relaxation time for particle contacts. The coupling of fast contact network dynamics to a slower system variable should be generic to many other areas of dense suspension flow, with instrument inertia providing a paradigmatic example.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Richards
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Edinburgh, King's Buildings, Peter Guthrie Tait Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, United Kingdom
| | - J R Royer
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Edinburgh, King's Buildings, Peter Guthrie Tait Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, United Kingdom
| | - B Liebchen
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Edinburgh, King's Buildings, Peter Guthrie Tait Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, United Kingdom
- Institut für Theoretische Physik II: Weiche Materie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - B M Guy
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Edinburgh, King's Buildings, Peter Guthrie Tait Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, United Kingdom
| | - W C K Poon
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Edinburgh, King's Buildings, Peter Guthrie Tait Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, United Kingdom
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40
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James NM, Xue H, Goyal M, Jaeger HM. Controlling shear jamming in dense suspensions via the particle aspect ratio. SOFT MATTER 2019; 15:3649-3654. [PMID: 30994148 DOI: 10.1039/c9sm00335e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Dense suspensions of particles in a liquid exhibit rich, non-Newtonian behaviors such as shear thickening (ST) and shear jamming (SJ). ST has been widely studied and is known to be enhanced by increasing the particles' frictional interactions and also by making their shape more anisotropic. SJ however has only recently been understood to be a distinct phenomenon and, while the role of interparticle friction has been investigated, the role of particle anisotropy in controlling the SJ regime has remained unknown. To address this we here synthesize silica particles for use in water/glycerol suspensions. This pairing of hydrogen-bonding particle surfaces and suspension solvent has been shown to elicit SJ with spherical particles. We then vary particle aspect ratio from Γ = 1 (spheres) to Γ = 11 (slender rods), and perform rheological measurements to determine the effect of particle anisotropy on the onset of shear jamming. We also show that the effect on the precursor to SJ, discontinuous shear thickening (DST), is consistent with prior work. We find that increasing aspect ratio significantly reduces φm, the minimum particle packing fraction at which SJ can be observed, to values as low φm = 33% for Γ = 11. The ability to fix the properties of the solvated particle surfaces, and thus the particle interactions at contact, while varying shape anisotropy, yields fundamental insights about the SJ capabilities of suspensions and provides a framework to rationally design and tune these behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole M James
- Chemistry Department, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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James NM, Hsu CP, Spencer ND, Jaeger HM, Isa L. Tuning Interparticle Hydrogen Bonding in Shear-Jamming Suspensions: Kinetic Effects and Consequences for Tribology and Rheology. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:1663-1668. [PMID: 30896954 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b00135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The reversible shear-induced solidification of dense suspensions, known as shear jamming, critically depends on frictional interparticle contacts. Recently, it was shown that shear jamming can be strongly affected by molecular-scale interactions between particles, e.g., by chemically controlling their propensity for hydrogen bonding. However, hydrogen bonding not only enhances interparticle friction but also introduces (reversible) adhesion, whose interplay with friction in shear-jamming systems has so far remained unclear. Here, we present atomic force microscopy studies to assess interparticle adhesion, its relationship to friction, and how these attributes are influenced by urea, a molecule that interferes with hydrogen bonding. We characterize the kinetics of this process with nuclear magnetic resonance, relating it to the time dependence of the macroscopic flow behavior with rheological measurements. We find that time-dependent urea sorption reduces friction and adhesion, causing a reduction in the high-shear viscosity. These results extend our mechanistic understanding of chemical effects on the nature of shear jamming, promising new avenues for fundamental studies and applications alike.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole M James
- James Franck Institute , The University of Chicago , Chicago , Illinois 60637 , United States
- Department of Chemistry , The University of Chicago , Chicago , Illinois 60637 , United States
| | - Chiao-Peng Hsu
- Laboratory for Interfaces, Soft Matter and Assembly, Department of Materials , ETH Zurich , 8093 Zurich , Switzerland
- Laboratory for Surface Science and Technology, Department of Materials , ETH Zurich , 8093 Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Nicholas D Spencer
- Laboratory for Surface Science and Technology, Department of Materials , ETH Zurich , 8093 Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Heinrich M Jaeger
- James Franck Institute , The University of Chicago , Chicago , Illinois 60637 , United States
- Department of Physics , The University of Chicago , Chicago , Illinois 60637 , United States
| | - Lucio Isa
- Laboratory for Interfaces, Soft Matter and Assembly, Department of Materials , ETH Zurich , 8093 Zurich , Switzerland
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Discontinuous rate-stiffening in a granular composite modeled after cornstarch and water. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1283. [PMID: 30911073 PMCID: PMC6434057 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09300-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Cornstarch in water exhibits impact-activated solidification (IAS) and strong discontinuous shear thickening, with "shear jamming". However, these phenomena are absent in cornstarch in ethanol. Here we show that cornstarch granules swell under ambient conditions. We postulate that this granule swelling is linked to an interparticle force scale that introduces a discontinuous rate-dependence to the generation of stable contacts between granules. We studied this force scale by coating sand with ~ 2 μm-thick polydimethysiloxane, creating a material that exhibits a similar IAS and discontinuous deformation rate-stiffening despite being a granular composite, not a suspension. This result suggests rate-dependence can be tuned by coating granular materials, introducing an interparticle force scale from rate-dependent properties present in the coating material. Our work provides insights into the unique behavior of cornstarch in water, bridges our understanding of suspensions and dry granular materials, and introduces a method to make discontinuous rate-dependent materials without suspending particles.
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